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<span>Exile</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Exile-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Presidency_and_opposition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Presidency_and_opposition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Presidency and opposition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Presidency_and_opposition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Coup_d'état" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Coup_d'état"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Coup d'état</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Coup_d'état-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Death_and_legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Death_and_legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Death and legacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Death_and_legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Bibliography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Short_stories" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Short_stories"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Short stories</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Short_stories-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Novels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Novels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Novels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Novels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Essays" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Essays"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Essays</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Essays-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item 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Available in 29 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-29" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">29 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B4" title="خوان بوش – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="خوان بوش" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Bosch" title="Juan Bosch – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Juan Bosch" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Bosch" title="Juan Bosch – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Juan Bosch" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Bosch" title="Juan Bosch – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Juan Bosch" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Bosch" title="Juan Bosch – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Juan Bosch" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Bosch" title="Juan Bosch – Tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Juan Bosch" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Bosch" title="Juan Bosch – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Juan Bosch" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Bosch" title="Juan Bosch – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Juan Bosch" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Bosch" title="Juan Bosch – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Juan Bosch" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Bosch" title="Juan Bosch – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Juan Bosch" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Bosch_(1909-2001)" title="Juan Bosch (1909-2001) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Juan Bosch (1909-2001)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Bosch" title="Juan Bosch – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Juan Bosch" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Bosch" title="Juan Bosch – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Juan Bosch" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Bosch" title="Juan Bosch – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Juan Bosch" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Bosch_(1909-2001)" title="Juan Bosch (1909-2001) – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Juan Bosch (1909-2001)" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%88" title="Хуан Бош – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Хуан Бош" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B6" title="हुआन बोश – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="हुआन बोश" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B4" title="خوان بوش – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="خوان بوش" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Bosch" title="Juan Bosch – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Juan Bosch" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Bosch" title="Juan Bosch – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Juan Bosch" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Bosch" title="Juan Bosch – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Juan Bosch" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Bosch" title="Juan Bosch – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Juan Bosch" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Bosch" title="Juan Bosch – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Juan Bosch" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%88,_%D0%A5%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Бош, Хуан – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Бош, Хуан" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Bosch" title="Juan Bosch – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Juan Bosch" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Bosch" title="Juan Bosch – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Juan Bosch" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Bosch" title="Juan Bosch – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Juan Bosch" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%88" title="Хуан Бош – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Хуан Бош" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" 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writer</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Juan_Bosch_(politician)" title="Special:EditPage/Juan Bosch (politician)">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Juan+Bosch%22+politician">"Juan Bosch" politician</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Juan+Bosch%22+politician+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Juan+Bosch%22+politician&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Juan+Bosch%22+politician+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Juan+Bosch%22+politician">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Juan+Bosch%22+politician&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">February 2014</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">In this <a href="/wiki/Spanish_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish name">Spanish name</a>, the first or paternal <a href="/wiki/Surname" title="Surname">surname</a> is <i> Bosch</i> and the second or maternal family name is <i> Gaviño</i>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Juan Bosch</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Juan_Bosch_(1963).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Juan_Bosch_%281963%29.jpg/220px-Juan_Bosch_%281963%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Juan_Bosch_%281963%29.jpg/330px-Juan_Bosch_%281963%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Juan_Bosch_%281963%29.jpg/440px-Juan_Bosch_%281963%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="791" data-file-height="1055" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Juan Bosch in 1963</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_Dominican_Republic" title="List of presidents of the Dominican Republic">President of the Dominican Republic</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />27 February 1963 – 25 September 1963</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Vice President</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Armando González Tamayo</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Rafael_Filiberto_Bonnelly" title="Rafael Filiberto Bonnelly">Rafael Filiberto Bonnelly</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Provisional_Government_Junta" title="Dominican Provisional Government Junta">Dominican Provisional Government Junta</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1909-06-30</span>)</span>30 June 1909<br /><a href="/wiki/Concepci%C3%B3n_de_la_Vega" class="mw-redirect" title="Concepción de la Vega">La Vega</a>, Dominican Republic</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">1 November 2001<span style="display:none">(2001-11-01)</span> (aged 92)<br /><a href="/wiki/Santo_Domingo" title="Santo Domingo">Santo Domingo</a>, Dominican Republic</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Revolutionary_Party" title="Dominican Revolutionary Party">Revolutionary</a> (1939–73)<br /><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Liberation_Party" title="Dominican Liberation Party">Liberation</a> (1973–2001)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse(s)</th><td class="infobox-data">Isabel García (m. 1934–1943?)<br /><a href="/wiki/Carmen_Quidiello" title="Carmen Quidiello">Carmen Quidiello</a> (m. 1943–2001; <i>his death</i>)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Juan Emilio Bosch y Gaviño</b> (30 June 1909 – 1 November 2001) was a Dominican politician, historian, writer, essayist, educator, and the first democratically elected <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Dominican_Republic" title="President of the Dominican Republic">president</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic" title="Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a> for a brief time in 1963. Previously, he had been the leader of the Dominican opposition in exile to the dictatorial regime of <a href="/wiki/Rafael_Trujillo" title="Rafael Trujillo">Rafael Trujillo</a> for over 25 years. To this day, he is remembered as an honest politician<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and regarded as one of the most prominent writers in <a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic_literature" title="Dominican Republic literature">Dominican literature</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He founded both the <a href="/wiki/Dominican_Revolutionary_Party" title="Dominican Revolutionary Party">Dominican Revolutionary Party</a> (PRD) in 1939 and the <a href="/wiki/Dominican_Liberation_Party" title="Dominican Liberation Party">Dominican Liberation Party</a> (PLD) in 1973. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juan_Bosch_(politician)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Juan Bosch Gaviño was born in the city of <a href="/wiki/La_Vega,_Dominican_Republic" title="La Vega, Dominican Republic">La Vega</a> on 30 June 1909. His father was a <a href="/wiki/Spaniard" class="mw-redirect" title="Spaniard">Spaniard</a> from <a href="/wiki/Catalonia" title="Catalonia">Catalan</a> origin, and his mother was a <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Ricans" title="Puerto Ricans">Puerto Rican</a> from Juana Diaz, Puerto Rico. He lived the first years of his childhood in a rural community called Río Verde, where he began his primary studies. He did his secondary studies at the San Sebastián de La Vega school, only reaching the third level of high school. In 1924 he moved to <a href="/wiki/Santo_Domingo" title="Santo Domingo">Santo Domingo</a>, where he worked in several commercial stores. Later in 1929 he traveled to Spain, Venezuela and some Caribbean islands.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1934, he married Isabel García and had two children with her: Leon and Carolina. During Trujillo's dictatorship, Bosch was jailed for his political ideas, being released after several months. In 1938, Bosch managed to leave the country, settling in <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Exile">Exile</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juan_Bosch_(politician)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Exile"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Juan_Bosch_(politician)" title="Special:EditPage/Juan Bosch (politician)">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Juan+Bosch%22+politician">"Juan Bosch" politician</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Juan+Bosch%22+politician+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Juan+Bosch%22+politician&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Juan+Bosch%22+politician+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Juan+Bosch%22+politician">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Juan+Bosch%22+politician&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2019</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>By 1939 Bosch had gone to <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a>, where he directed an edition of the completed works of <a href="/wiki/Eugenio_Mar%C3%ADa_de_Hostos" title="Eugenio María de Hostos">Eugenio María de Hostos</a>, something that defined his patriotic and humanist ideals. In July, with other Dominican expatriates, he founded the <i>Partido Revolucionario Dominicano</i> (PRD), which stood out as the most active front against Trujillo outside the Dominican Republic. </p><p>Bosch heavily sympathised with leftist ideas, but he always denied any communist affiliation. He collaborated with the <a href="/wiki/Cuban_Revolutionary_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuban Revolutionary Party">Cuban Revolutionary Party</a> and had an important role in the making of Cuba's <a href="/wiki/1940_Constitution_of_Cuba" title="1940 Constitution of Cuba">1940 Constitution</a>. </p><p>Bosch met his second wife, <a href="/wiki/Carmen_Quidiello" title="Carmen Quidiello">Carmen Quidiello</a>, a Cuban poet and playwright, in <a href="/wiki/Matanzas" title="Matanzas">Matanzas</a> in 1941.<sup id="cite_ref-dr1_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dr1-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The couple married in 1943 and had two children, Patricio and Barbara.<sup id="cite_ref-ld_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ld-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the same time, his literary career was ascending, gaining important acknowledgments like the Hernandez Catá Prize in Havana for short stories written by a Latin American author. His works had a deep social content, among them "La Noche Buena de Encarnación Mendoza", "Luis Pié", "The Masters" and "The Indian Manuel Sicuri", all of them described by critics as masterpieces of their sort. </p><p>Bosch was one of the main organizers of the abortive <a href="/wiki/Cayo_Confites_expedition" class="mw-redirect" title="Cayo Confites expedition">Cayo Confites expedition</a> of 1947, in which a military force backed by the <a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Legion" title="Caribbean Legion">Caribbean Legion</a> unsuccessfully attempted to invade the Dominican Republic from Cuba. Bosch fled to <a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a> after the expedition's failure, where he continued his anti-Trujillo campaign. In Cuba, where he returned by requirement of his friends in the <a href="/wiki/Authentic_Revolutionary_Party" title="Authentic Revolutionary Party">Authentic Revolutionary Party</a>, he played a notorious part in the political life of Havana, being recognized as a promoter of social legislation and author of the speech pronounced by President <a href="/wiki/Carlos_Pr%C3%ADo_Socarr%C3%A1s" title="Carlos Prío Socarrás">Carlos Prío Socarrás</a> when the body of <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mart%C3%AD" title="José Martí">José Martí</a> was transferred to <a href="/wiki/Santiago_de_Cuba" title="Santiago de Cuba">Santiago de Cuba</a>. </p><p>When <a href="/wiki/Fulgencio_Batista" title="Fulgencio Batista">Fulgencio Batista</a> led a coup d'état against Prío Socarrás and took over the presidency in 1952, Bosch was jailed by Batista's forces. After being liberated, he left Cuba and headed to <a href="/wiki/Costa_Rica" title="Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a>, where he dedicated his time to pedagogical tasks, and to his activities as leader of the PRD. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Molasses" title="Molasses">Molasses</a> tycoon <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacob_Merrill_Kaplan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jacob Merrill Kaplan (page does not exist)">Jacob Merrill Kaplan</a> earned his fortune primarily through operations in <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic" title="Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CIA_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIA-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/w/index.php?title=J.M._Kaplan_Fund&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="J.M. Kaplan Fund (page does not exist)">J.M. Kaplan Fund</a> was found in a 1964 congressional investigation to be a conduit for funneling <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">CIA</a> money to Latin America, including through the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Institute_of_International_Labor_Research&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Institute of International Labor Research (page does not exist)">Institute of International Labor Research</a> (IILR) headed by <a href="/wiki/Norman_Thomas" title="Norman Thomas">Norman Thomas</a>, six-time presidential candidate for the <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_America" title="Socialist Party of America">Socialist Party of America</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CIA_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIA-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These funds were used in Latin America by <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Figueres_Ferrer#Figueres'_connection_with_the_CIA" title="José Figueres Ferrer">José Figueres Ferrer, Sacha Volman</a>, and Juan Bosch.<sup id="cite_ref-Diplomatic_History_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Diplomatic_History-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Via the Fund, the CIA gave Figueres money to publish a political journal, <i>Combate,</i> and to found a left-wing school for Latin American opposition leaders. Funds passed from a shell foundation to the Kaplan Fund, next to the IILR, and finally to Figueres and Bosch.<sup id="cite_ref-Cord_Meyer_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cord_Meyer-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1959 the <a href="/wiki/Cuban_Revolution" title="Cuban Revolution">Cuban Revolution</a> took place, led by <a href="/wiki/Fidel_Castro" title="Fidel Castro">Fidel Castro</a>, causing a major political, economic and social upheaval in the Caribbean island. <a href="/wiki/Cord_Meyer" title="Cord Meyer">Cord Meyer</a>, a CIA official, was chief of <a href="/wiki/International_Organizations_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="International Organizations Division">International Organizations Division</a>, a CIA-sponsored group for promoting democracy in international groups.<sup id="cite_ref-Cord_Meyer_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cord_Meyer-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He used the contacts with Bosch, Volman, and Figueres for a new purpose – as the United States moved to rally the hemisphere against <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Fidel_Castro" title="Fidel Castro">Fidel Castro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rafael_Trujillo" title="Rafael Trujillo">Rafael Trujillo</a>, the strongman <i><a href="/wiki/Caudillo" title="Caudillo">caudillo</a></i> that ran the <a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic" title="Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a> for 30 years had become a liability.<sup id="cite_ref-Cord_Meyer_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cord_Meyer-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The United States needed to demonstrate that it opposed all dictators, not just those on the left.<sup id="cite_ref-Cord_Meyer_13-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cord_Meyer-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bosch accurately perceived the process that had begun from those events and wrote a letter to Trujillo, dated 27 February 1961. He told Trujillo that his political role, in historical terms, had concluded in the Dominican Republic.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>For over a year, the CIA had been in contact with dissidents inside the Dominican Republic who argued that assassination was the only certain way to remove Trujillo.<sup id="cite_ref-Cord_Meyer_13-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cord_Meyer-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <a href="/wiki/Chester_Bowles" class="mw-redirect" title="Chester Bowles">Chester Bowles</a>, the Undersecretary of State, internal <a href="/wiki/Department_of_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of State">Department of State</a> discussions in 1961 on the topic were vigorous.<sup id="cite_ref-StateDR_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-StateDR-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Richard_N._Goodwin" title="Richard N. Goodwin">Richard N. Goodwin</a>, Assistant Special Counsel to the President, who had direct contacts with the rebel alliance, argued for intervention against Trujillo.<sup id="cite_ref-StateDR_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-StateDR-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Quoting Bowles directly: "The next morning I learned that in spite of the clear decision against having the dissident group request our assistance Dick Goodwin following the meeting sent a cable to CIA people in the Dominican Republic without checking with State or CIA; indeed, with the protest of the Department of State. The cable directed the CIA people in the Dominican Republic to get this request at any cost. When <a href="/wiki/Allen_Dulles" title="Allen Dulles">Allen Dulles</a> found this out the next morning, he withdrew the order. We later discovered it had already been carried out."<sup id="cite_ref-StateDR_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-StateDR-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Presidency_and_opposition">Presidency and opposition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juan_Bosch_(politician)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Presidency and opposition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Juan_Bosch_(politician)" title="Special:EditPage/Juan Bosch (politician)">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2014</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In May 1961, the ruler of the <a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic" title="Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rafael_Trujillo" title="Rafael Trujillo">Rafael Trujillo</a> was assassinated. An internal CIA <a href="/wiki/Memorandum" title="Memorandum">memorandum</a> states that a 1973 <a href="/wiki/Office_of_Inspector_General" class="mw-redirect" title="Office of Inspector General">Office of Inspector General</a> investigation into the assassination disclosed "quite extensive Agency involvement with the plotters." The CIA described its role in "changing" the government of the <a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic" title="Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a> "as a 'success' in that it assisted in moving the Dominican Republic from a totalitarian dictatorship to a Western-style democracy."<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Cord_Meyer_13-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cord_Meyer-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After 23 years in exile, Juan Bosch returned to his homeland months after Trujillo was assassinated. His presence in the national political life, as the <a href="/wiki/Dominican_Revolutionary_Party" title="Dominican Revolutionary Party">Dominican Revolutionary Party</a> presidential candidate, was a fresh change for the Dominicans.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> His manner of speaking, direct and simple, especially when addressing the lowest classes, appealed to farmers as much as people from the cities<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>. Immediately he was accused by the Church but he threatened to pull out of the election which caused the Church to retract the accusation; Conservatives also accused him of being a communist.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, in the <a href="/wiki/1962_Dominican_Republic_general_election" title="1962 Dominican Republic general election">elections</a> of 20 December 1962, Bosch and his running mate, Armando González Tamayo, won a sweeping victory over <a href="/wiki/Viriato_Fiallo" title="Viriato Fiallo">Viriato Fiallo</a> of the <i>National Civic Union</i> in what is acknowledged to be the first free election in the country's history. </p><p>On 27 February 1963, Bosch was sworn in as president in a ceremony that was attended by important democratic leaders and personalities of the region, like <a href="/wiki/Luis_Mu%C3%B1oz_Mar%C3%ADn" title="Luis Muñoz Marín">Luis Muñoz</a> governor of the U.S. territory of Puerto Rico and <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Figueres_Ferrer" title="José Figueres Ferrer">José Figueres</a> of <a href="/wiki/Costa_Rica" title="Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a>. Bosch immediately launched a deep restructuring of the country. On 29 April, he promulgated a new social democratic constitution. The new document changed the laws in various ways. Among other things, it declared specific labour regulations, and mentioned unions, pregnant women, homeless people, the family, rights for the child and the young, for the farmers, and for illegitimate children. </p><p>However, Bosch faced powerful enemies.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> He moved to break up <a href="/wiki/Latifundia" class="mw-redirect" title="Latifundia">latifundia</a>, drawing the ire of landowners. The Church thought Bosch was trying to <a href="/wiki/Secularization" title="Secularization">oversecularize</a> the country. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Industrialists did not like the new Constitution's guarantees for the working class. The military, who previously enjoyed free rein, felt Bosch put them on too short a leash.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Coup_d'état"><span id="Coup_d.27.C3.A9tat"></span>Coup d'état</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juan_Bosch_(politician)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Coup d'état"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/1963_Dominican_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1963 Dominican coup d'état">1963 Dominican coup d'état</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Juan_Bosch_(politician)" title="Special:EditPage/Juan Bosch (politician)">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2014</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>On 25 September 1963, after only seven months in office, Bosch was overthrown in a coup led by General <a href="/wiki/El%C3%ADas_Wessin_y_Wessin" title="Elías Wessin y Wessin">Elias Wessin y Wessin</a>, General <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Imbert_Barrera" title="Antonio Imbert Barrera">Antonio Imbert Barreras</a>, and other military leaders which established a three-man <a href="/wiki/Military_junta" title="Military junta">military junta</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bosch was deported to <a href="/wiki/Guadeloupe" title="Guadeloupe">Guadeloupe</a> on 28 September 1963, but would fly to <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a> on 1 October 1963, where he spent the remainder of his exile.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Less than two years later, growing dissatisfaction generated another military rebellion on 24 April 1965, that demanded Bosch's restoration. The insurgents, commanded by Colonel <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Caama%C3%B1o" title="Francisco Caamaño">Francisco Caamaño</a>, removed the junta from power on 28 April. The United States dispatched 42,000 troops to the island in <i>Operation Power Pack</i> during the ensuing <a href="/wiki/Dominican_civil_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Dominican civil war">civil war</a> in support of the anti-Bosch forces. </p><p>An interim government was formed, and elections were fixed for 1 July 1966. Bosch returned to the country and ran as his party's presidential candidate. However, he ran a somewhat muted campaign, fearing for his safety and believing he would be thrown out of office by the military again if he won. He was soundly defeated by <a href="/wiki/Joaqu%C3%ADn_Balaguer" title="Joaquín Balaguer">Joaquín Balaguer</a>, who garnered 57% of the vote. The last US battalion left in September 1966. </p><p>During the last half of the 1960s, Bosch remained a very prolific writer of essays, both political and historical. He published some of his most important works during this time: "Dominican Social Composition", "Brief History of the Oligarchy in Santo Domingo", "From Christopher Columbus to Fidel Castro", and numerous articles of different sorts. </p><p>By 1970, Bosch had the intention of reorganizing the PRD and turning its members into active, studious militants of the historical and social reality of the country. His project was not accepted by most of the PRD, most of whose members were turning in a more mainstream social democratic direction. Also, given the military repression, and lack of political equality between the PRD and the official Reformist Party, Bosch abstained from the 1970 elections. </p><p>Bosch became studious of <a href="/wiki/Marxism" title="Marxism">Marxist ideology</a>. He described himself as a "Marxist- non <a href="/wiki/Leninism" title="Leninism">Leninist</a>". The differences and contradictions between Bosch and an important sector of the PRD on ideology, as well as the corruption that had started to grow within the party, made him leave the organization in 1973, and thus he founded the <a href="/wiki/Dominican_Liberation_Party" title="Dominican Liberation Party">Dominican Liberation Party</a> (PLD) on 15 December of that same year. The PLD originally was considerably to the left of Bosch's original party, the Dominican Revolutionary Party which continued to advocate for social democracy within the Socialist International organization. </p><p>Later he ran unsuccessfully for president as the PLD candidate in 1978, 1982, 1986, 1990, and 1994. He came closest to winning in 1990, but there were serious allegations of fraud against Balaguer. </p><p>After placing third in the 1994 election, Bosch retired from politics at the age of 83. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death_and_legacy">Death and legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juan_Bosch_(politician)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Death and legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Juan Bosch died on 1 November 2001, in Santo Domingo.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a former president, he received the corresponding honors at the National Palace, and was buried in his hometown of La Vega. A <a href="/wiki/Juan_Bosch_metro_station" title="Juan Bosch metro station">metro station</a> in Santo Domingo was named in Bosch's honor in 2009.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>His wife, former First Lady <a href="/wiki/Carmen_Quidiello" title="Carmen Quidiello">Carmen Quidiello</a>, died on 19 December 2020, at the age of 105.<sup id="cite_ref-ld_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ld-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-dr1_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dr1-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juan_Bosch_(politician)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Short_stories">Short stories</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juan_Bosch_(politician)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Short stories"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Camino real</i></li> <li><i>Cuentos escritos antes del exilio</i></li> <li><i>Cuentos escritos en el exilio</i></li> <li>Dos pesos de agua</li> <li>El Funeral</li> <li><i>Más cuentos escritos en el exilio</i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Novels">Novels</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juan_Bosch_(politician)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Novels"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>La mañosa</i></li> <li><i>El oro y la paz</i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Essays">Essays</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juan_Bosch_(politician)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Essays"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Hostos, el sembrador</i></li> <li><i>Cuba, la isla fascinante</i></li> <li><i>Judas Iscariote, el calumniado</i></li> <li><i>Apuntes sobre el arte de escribir cuentos</i></li> <li><i>Trujillo: causas de una tiranía sin ejemplo</i></li> <li><i>Simón Bolívar: biografía para escolares</i></li> <li><i>David, biografía de un Rey</i></li> <li><i>Crisis de la democracia de América</i></li> <li><i>Bolívar y la guerra social</i></li> <li><i>Pentagonismo, sustituto del imperialismo</i></li> <li><i>Dictadura con respaldo popular</i></li> <li><i>De Cristóbal Colón a Fidel Castro: el Caribe Frontera Imperial</i></li> <li><i>Breve historia de la oligarquía en Santo Domingo</i></li> <li><i>Composición social dominicana</i></li> <li><i>La revolución haitiana</i></li> <li><i>De México a Kampuchea</i></li> <li><i>La guerra de la Restauración en Santo Domingo</i></li> <li><i>Capitalismo, democracia y liberación nacional</i></li> <li><i>La fortuna de Trujillo</i></li> <li><i>La pequeña burguesía en la historia de la Repúblia Dominicana</i></li> <li><i>Capitalismo tardío en la República Dominicana</i></li> <li><i>El Estado, sus orígenes y desarrollo</i></li> <li><i>Póker de espanto en el Caribe</i></li> <li><i>El PLD, un nuevo partido en América</i></li> <li><i>Breve historia de los pueblos árabes</i></li> <li><i>Viaje a los Antipodas</i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juan_Bosch_(politician)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131226123806/http://www.elcaribe.com.do/2013/09/26/25s-politica-negocio">"25S: la política no es un negocio"</a>. <i>El Caribe</i>. 25 September 2013. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 December</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=El+Caribe&rft.atitle=25S%3A+la+pol%C3%ADtica+no+es+un+negocio&rft.date=2013-09-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.elcaribe.com.do%2F2013%2F09%2F26%2F25s-politica-negocio&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuan+Bosch+%28politician%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.listindiario.com/mobile/article.aspx?id=160155">"Honradez de Bosch chocó con intereses"</a>. <i>Listin Diario</i>. 25 December 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 December</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Listin+Diario&rft.atitle=Honradez+de+Bosch+choc%C3%B3+con+intereses&rft.date=2013-12-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.listindiario.com%2Fmobile%2Farticle.aspx%3Fid%3D160155&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuan+Bosch+%28politician%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131227055208/http://almomento.net/articulo/136053/Sugiere-exaltar-Bosch-al-Panteon-Nacional">"Sugiere exaltar Bosch al Panteón Nacional"</a>. <i>Al Momento</i>. 9 May 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://almomento.net/articulo/136053/Sugiere-exaltar-Bosch-al-Panteon-Nacional">the original</a> on 27 December 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 December</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al+Momento&rft.atitle=Sugiere+exaltar+Bosch+al+Pante%C3%B3n+Nacional&rft.date=2013-05-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Falmomento.net%2Farticulo%2F136053%2FSugiere-exaltar-Bosch-al-Panteon-Nacional&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuan+Bosch+%28politician%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.educando.edu.do/articulos/docente/natalicio-de-juan-bosch-el-escritor/">"Natalicio de Juan Bosch, el escritor"</a>. Educando<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 December</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Natalicio+de+Juan+Bosch%2C+el+escritor&rft.pub=Educando&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.educando.edu.do%2Farticulos%2Fdocente%2Fnatalicio-de-juan-bosch-el-escritor%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuan+Bosch+%28politician%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131226210945/http://www.escritoresdominicanos.com/bosch.html">"Juan Bosch Gaviño"</a>. Escritores dominicanos. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.escritoresdominicanos.com/bosch.html">the original</a> on 26 December 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 December</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Juan+Bosch+Gavi%C3%B1o&rft.pub=Escritores+dominicanos&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.escritoresdominicanos.com%2Fbosch.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuan+Bosch+%28politician%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.literatura.us/juanbosch/">"¿Quién es Juan Bosch?"</a>. Literatura.us<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 December</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%C2%BFQui%C3%A9n+es+Juan+Bosch%3F&rft.pub=Literatura.us&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.literatura.us%2Fjuanbosch%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuan+Bosch+%28politician%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNúñez_Núñez2008" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Núñez Núñez, Milcíades Alberto (15 May 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.idg.org.do/capsulas/marzo2008/marzo200815.htm">"Juan Bosch: Sus ancestros"</a> (in Spanish). Santo Domingo: Instituto Dominicano de Genealogía<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 April</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Juan+Bosch%3A+Sus+ancestros&rft.place=Santo+Domingo&rft.pub=Instituto+Dominicano+de+Genealog%C3%ADa&rft.date=2008-05-15&rft.aulast=N%C3%BA%C3%B1ez+N%C3%BA%C3%B1ez&rft.aufirst=Milc%C3%ADades+Alberto&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.idg.org.do%2Fcapsulas%2Fmarzo2008%2Fmarzo200815.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuan+Bosch+%28politician%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lewis Paul, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2001/11/02/world/juan-bosch-92-freely-elected-dominican-president-dies.html">Juan Bosch, 92, Freely Elected Dominican President, Dies</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. 2 November 2001. Retrieved 20 April 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dr1-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-dr1_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dr1_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVicioso2020" class="citation news cs1">Vicioso, Dolores (21 December 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dr1.com/wordpress/2020/12/21/dona-carmen-quidiello-widowed-bosch-dies-at-105/">"Doña Carmen Quidiello, Juan Bosch's widow, dies at 105"</a>. <i>DR1</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201227060736/https://dr1.com/wordpress/2020/12/21/dona-carmen-quidiello-widowed-bosch-dies-at-105/">Archived</a> from the original on 27 December 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=DR1&rft.atitle=Do%C3%B1a+Carmen+Quidiello%2C+Juan+Bosch%27s+widow%2C+dies+at+105&rft.date=2020-12-21&rft.aulast=Vicioso&rft.aufirst=Dolores&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdr1.com%2Fwordpress%2F2020%2F12%2F21%2Fdona-carmen-quidiello-widowed-bosch-dies-at-105%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuan+Bosch+%28politician%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ld-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ld_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ld_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://listindiario.com/la-republica/2020/12/20/649047/dona-carmen-quidiello-y-su-amor-por-las-causas-sociales">"Doña Carmen Quidiello y su amor por las causas sociales"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/List%C3%ADn_Diario" title="Listín Diario">Listín Diario</a></i>. 20 December 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210218014115/https://listindiario.com/la-republica/2020/12/20/649047/dona-carmen-quidiello-y-su-amor-por-las-causas-sociales">Archived</a> from the original on 18 February 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=List%C3%ADn+Diario&rft.atitle=Do%C3%B1a+Carmen+Quidiello+y+su+amor+por+las+causas+sociales&rft.date=2020-12-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flistindiario.com%2Fla-republica%2F2020%2F12%2F20%2F649047%2Fdona-carmen-quidiello-y-su-amor-por-las-causas-sociales&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuan+Bosch+%28politician%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CIA-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CIA_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIA_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170123002412/https://www.cia.gov/library/readingroom/docs/CIA-RDP84-00499R001000100003-2.pdf">"The Kaplans of the CIA – Approved For Release 2001/03/06 CIA-RDP84-00499R001000100003-2"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Central Intelligence Agency. 24 November 1972. pp. 3–6. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/library/readingroom/docs/CIA-RDP84-00499R001000100003-2.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 23 January 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 January</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Kaplans+of+the+CIA+%E2%80%93+Approved+For+Release+2001%2F03%2F06+CIA-RDP84-00499R001000100003-2&rft.pages=3-6&rft.pub=Central+Intelligence+Agency&rft.date=1972-11-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Flibrary%2Freadingroom%2Fdocs%2FCIA-RDP84-00499R001000100003-2.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuan+Bosch+%28politician%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Diplomatic_History-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Diplomatic_History_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIber2013" class="citation journal cs1">Iber, Patrick (24 April 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://academic.oup.com/dh/article-abstract/37/5/995/357705">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Who Will Impose Democracy?': Sacha Volman and the Contradictions of CIA Support for the Anticommunist Left in Latin America"</a>. <i>Diplomatic History</i>. <b>37</b> (5): 995–1028. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fdh%2Fdht041">10.1093/dh/dht041</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=El+D%C3%ADa&rft.atitle=Juan+Bosch+muri%C3%B3+un+d%C3%ADa+como+hoy+hace+19+a%C3%B1os&rft.date=2020-11-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feldia.com.do%2Fhoy-se-conmemora-el-19-aniversario-de-fallecimiento-del-profesor-juan-bosch%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuan+Bosch+%28politician%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHerrera2022" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Herrera, Dalton (1 November 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://129.153.163.72/panorama/pais/hoy-se-cumplen-21-anos-de-la-muerte-del-profesor-juan-bosch/">"Hoy se cumplen 21 años de la muerte del profesor Juan Bosch"</a>. <i>129.153.163.72</i> (in Spanish)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=129.153.163.72&rft.atitle=Hoy+se+cumplen+21+a%C3%B1os+de+la+muerte+del+profesor+Juan+Bosch&rft.date=2022-11-01&rft.aulast=Herrera&rft.aufirst=Dalton&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2F129.153.163.72%2Fpanorama%2Fpais%2Fhoy-se-cumplen-21-anos-de-la-muerte-del-profesor-juan-bosch%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuan+Bosch+%28politician%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://listindiario.com/la-republica/2021/11/01/694838/se-cumplen-dos-decadas-del-fallecimiento-de-juan-bosch.html">"Se cumplen dos decadas del fallecimiento de Juan Bosch"</a>. <i>listindiario.com</i>. November 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=listindiario.com&rft.atitle=Se+cumplen+dos+decadas+del+fallecimiento+de+Juan+Bosch&rft.date=2021-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flistindiario.com%2Fla-republica%2F2021%2F11%2F01%2F694838%2Fse-cumplen-dos-decadas-del-fallecimiento-de-juan-bosch.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuan+Bosch+%28politician%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juan_Bosch_(politician)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fundacionjoseguillermocarrillo.com/sitio/disbosch.php">International Jose Guillermo Carrillo Foundation</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://countrystudies.us/dominican-republic/">Overview of modern Dominican history</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.juanbosch.org/">Juan Bosch Foundation (in Spanish)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070714175623/http://www.27febrero.com/bosch.htm#Emilio">PrudHomme Dominican Homeland History (in Spanish)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/740808222">Juan Bosch: Una vida por la democracia, by Jesús Adolfo Becerril Valencia</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Rafael_Filiberto_Bonnelly" title="Rafael Filiberto Bonnelly">Rafael Bonnelly</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Dominican_Republic" title="President of the Dominican Republic">President of the Dominican Republic</a> </b><br />February 1963 – September 1963 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold">triumvirate <br />(at first briefly led by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Emilio_de_los_Santos_y_Salci%C3%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emilio de los Santos y Salcié (page does not exist)">Emilio de los Santos</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emilio_de_los_Santos_y_Salci%C3%A9" class="extiw" title="es:Emilio de los Santos y Salcié">es</a>]</span> and later led by <a href="/wiki/Donald_Reid_Cabral" title="Donald Reid Cabral">Donald Reid Cabral</a>)</div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Presidents_of_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Template:Presidents of the Dominican Republic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Presidents_of_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Template talk:Presidents of the Dominican Republic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Presidents_of_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Presidents of the Dominican Republic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Presidents_of_the_Dominican_Republic_(list)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Dominican_Republic" title="President of the Dominican Republic">Presidents of the Dominican Republic</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_Dominican_Republic" title="List of presidents of the Dominican Republic">list</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1844–1865</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Santana" title="Pedro Santana">Santana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Jimenes" title="Manuel Jimenes">M. Jimenes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buenaventura_B%C3%A1ez" title="Buenaventura Báez">B. Báez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Santana" title="Pedro Santana">Santana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_de_Regla_Mota" title="Manuel de Regla Mota">Regla Mota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buenaventura_B%C3%A1ez" title="Buenaventura Báez">B. Báez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Desiderio_Valverde" title="José Desiderio Valverde">Valverde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Santana" title="Pedro Santana">Santana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_occupation_of_the_Dominican_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish occupation of the Dominican Republic">Spanish occupation (1861–1865)</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of the Dominican Republic"><img alt="Coat of arms of the Dominican Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg/90px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg/135px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg/180px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="336" data-file-height="336" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Restoration_War" title="Dominican Restoration War">Restoration War (1863–1865)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Antonio_Salcedo" title="José Antonio Salcedo">Salcedo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaspar_Polanco" title="Gaspar Polanco">Polanco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benigno_Filomeno_de_Rojas" title="Benigno Filomeno de Rojas">Rojas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1865–1924</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Antonio_Pimentel" title="Pedro Antonio Pimentel">Pimentel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Cabral" title="José María Cabral">J. Cabral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Guillermo" title="Pedro Guillermo">P. Guillermo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buenaventura_B%C3%A1ez" title="Buenaventura Báez">B. Báez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Cabral" title="José María Cabral">J. Cabral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buenaventura_B%C3%A1ez" title="Buenaventura Báez">B. Báez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignacio_Mar%C3%ADa_Gonz%C3%A1lez_(politician)" title="Ignacio María González (politician)">González</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulises_Francisco_Espaillat" title="Ulises Francisco Espaillat">Espaillat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignacio_Mar%C3%ADa_Gonz%C3%A1lez_(politician)" title="Ignacio María González (politician)">González</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcos_Antonio_Cabral" title="Marcos Antonio Cabral">M. Cabral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buenaventura_B%C3%A1ez" title="Buenaventura Báez">B. Báez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignacio_Mar%C3%ADa_Gonz%C3%A1lez_(politician)" title="Ignacio María González (politician)">González</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cesareo_Guillermo" title="Cesareo Guillermo">C. Guillermo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignacio_Mar%C3%ADa_Gonz%C3%A1lez_(politician)" title="Ignacio María González (politician)">González</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacinto_de_Castro" title="Jacinto de Castro">Castro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cesareo_Guillermo" title="Cesareo Guillermo">C. Guillermo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregorio_Luper%C3%B3n" title="Gregorio Luperón">Luperón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fernando_Arturo_de_Meri%C3%B1o" title="Fernando Arturo de Meriño">Meriño</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulises_Heureaux" title="Ulises Heureaux">Heureaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Gregorio_Billini" title="Francisco Gregorio Billini">Billini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alejandro_Woss_y_Gil" title="Alejandro Woss y Gil">Woss y Gil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulises_Heureaux" title="Ulises Heureaux">Heureaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wenceslao_Figuereo" title="Wenceslao Figuereo">Figuereo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horacio_V%C3%A1squez" title="Horacio Vásquez">Vásquez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Isidro_Jimenes_Pereyra" class="mw-redirect" title="Juan Isidro Jimenes Pereyra">J. Jimenes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horacio_V%C3%A1squez" title="Horacio Vásquez">Vásquez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alejandro_Woss_y_Gil" title="Alejandro Woss y Gil">Woss y Gil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Felipe_Morales" class="mw-redirect" title="Carlos Felipe Morales">Morales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram%C3%B3n_C%C3%A1ceres" title="Ramón Cáceres">Cáceres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eladio_Victoria" title="Eladio Victoria">Victoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolfo_Alejandro_Nouel" title="Adolfo Alejandro Nouel">Nouel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Bordas_Valdez" title="José Bordas Valdez">Bordas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram%C3%B3n_B%C3%A1ez" title="Ramón Báez">R. Báez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Isidro_Jimenes_Pereyra" class="mw-redirect" title="Juan Isidro Jimenes Pereyra">J. Jimenes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Henr%C3%ADquez_y_Carvajal" title="Francisco Henríquez y Carvajal">Henríquez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_occupation_of_the_Dominican_Republic_(1916%E2%80%931924)" class="mw-redirect" title="United States occupation of the Dominican Republic (1916–1924)">United States occupation (1916–1924)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Bautista_Vicini_Burgos" title="Juan Bautista Vicini Burgos">Vicini</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1924–1966</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Horacio_V%C3%A1squez" title="Horacio Vásquez">Vásquez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rafael_Estrella_Ure%C3%B1a" title="Rafael Estrella Ureña">Estrella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rafael_Trujillo" title="Rafael Trujillo">R. Trujillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacinto_Peynado" title="Jacinto Peynado">Peynado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_de_Jes%C3%BAs_Troncoso_de_la_Concha" title="Manuel de Jesús Troncoso de la Concha">Troncoso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rafael_Trujillo" title="Rafael Trujillo">R. Trujillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9ctor_Trujillo" title="Héctor Trujillo">H. Trujillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joaqu%C3%ADn_Balaguer" title="Joaquín Balaguer">Balaguer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rafael_Filiberto_Bonnelly" title="Rafael Filiberto Bonnelly">Bonnelly</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bosch</a></li> <li>Provisional Junta</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triumvirate_of_1963" title="Triumvirate of 1963">First Triumvirate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Triumvirate_(Dominican_Republic)" title="Second Triumvirate (Dominican Republic)">Second Triumvirate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Rafael_Molina_Ure%C3%B1a" title="José Rafael Molina Ureña">Molina</a><sup>‡</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Caama%C3%B1o" title="Francisco Caamaño">Caamaño</a><sup>‡</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Bartolom%C3%A9_Benoit" title="Pedro Bartolomé Benoit">Benoit</a><sup>‡</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Imbert_Barrera" title="Antonio Imbert Barrera">Imbert</a><sup>‡</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9ctor_Garc%C3%ADa-Godoy" title="Héctor García-Godoy">García Godoy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">After 1966</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joaqu%C3%ADn_Balaguer" title="Joaquín Balaguer">Balaguer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Guzm%C3%A1n_Fern%C3%A1ndez" title="Antonio Guzmán Fernández">Guzmán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacobo_Majluta" title="Jacobo Majluta">Majluta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvador_Jorge_Blanco" title="Salvador Jorge Blanco">Jorge Blanco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joaqu%C3%ADn_Balaguer" title="Joaquín Balaguer">Balaguer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonel_Fern%C3%A1ndez" title="Leonel Fernández">Fernández</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hip%C3%B3lito_Mej%C3%ADa" title="Hipólito Mejía">Mejía</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonel_Fern%C3%A1ndez" title="Leonel Fernández">Fernández</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danilo_Medina" title="Danilo Medina">Medina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luis_Abinader" title="Luis Abinader">Abinader</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;">‡</span> Served during the <a href="/wiki/Dominican_Civil_War" title="Dominican Civil War">Dominican Civil War</a>.</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q439980#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q439980#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q439980#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000121483708">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/114640772">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/99358/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJhhq3J6dDgVcq3wXMrcyd">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118935615">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n82128027">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12038132w">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12038132w">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Bosch, Juan <1909-2001>"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/TO0V082002">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jx20091022001&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX834973">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/56359">Portugal</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p071490736">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Bosch, Juan, 1909-2001"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000119596&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogo.bn.gov.ar/F/?func=direct&local_base=BNA10&doc_number=000021757">Argentina</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/20dgg66l1ktpt13">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007258930205171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058521616906706">Catalonia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14163375">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA09470047?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd118935615.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118935615">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/028572408">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w63b8n6s">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Juan_Bosch_(politician)&oldid=1248305802">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Juan_Bosch_(politician)&oldid=1248305802</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div 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