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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Báb"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Báb </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Báb-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Baháʼu'lláh" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Baháʼu'lláh"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Baháʼu'lláh </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Baháʼu'lláh-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ʻAbdu'l-Bahá" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ʻAbdu'l-Bahá"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 ʻAbdu'l-Bahá </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ʻAbdu'l-Bahá-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Shoghi_Effendi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shoghi_Effendi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 Shoghi Effendi </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shoghi_Effendi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Universal_House_of_Justice" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Universal_House_of_Justice"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5 Universal House of Justice </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Universal_House_of_Justice-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Beliefs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Beliefs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Beliefs </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Beliefs-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Beliefs subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Beliefs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-God" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#God"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 God </div> </a> <ul id="toc-God-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Religion </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Human_beings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Human_beings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Human beings </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Human_beings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Social_principles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Social_principles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 Social principles </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Social_principles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Covenant" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Covenant"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.5 Covenant </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Covenant-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sacred_texts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sacred_texts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Sacred texts </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sacred_texts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Demographics </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Social_practices" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Social_practices"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Social practices </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Social_practices-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Social practices subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Social_practices-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Exhortations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Exhortations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Exhortations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Exhortations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Prohibitions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prohibitions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Prohibitions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prohibitions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Marriage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Marriage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 Marriage </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Marriage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Work" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Work"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.4 Work </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Work-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Places_of_worship" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Places_of_worship"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.5 Places of worship </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Places_of_worship-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Calendar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Calendar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.6 Calendar </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Calendar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Symbols" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Symbols"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.7 Symbols </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Symbols-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Socio-economic_development" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Socio-economic_development"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.8 Socio-economic development </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Socio-economic_development-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_Nations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_Nations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.9 United Nations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_Nations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Persecution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Persecution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Persecution </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Persecution-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Persecution subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Persecution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Iran" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iran"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Iran </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Iran-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Egypt" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Egypt"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 Egypt </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Egypt-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Citations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 References </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle References subsection </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Books" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Books"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.1 Books </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Books-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Encyclopedias" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Encyclopedias"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.2 Encyclopedias </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Encyclopedias-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Journals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Journals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.3 Journals </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Journals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-News_media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#News_media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.4 News media </div> </a> <ul id="toc-News_media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.5 Other </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Baháʼí Faith</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 134 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-134" aria-hidden="true" > 134 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baha%E2%80%99i" title="Baha’i – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Baha’i" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%A3%E1%8A%83%E1%8A%A2_%E1%8A%A5%E1%88%9D%E1%8A%90%E1%89%B5" title="ባኃኢ እምነት – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ባኃኢ እምነት" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%88_%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE" title="बहाई धर्म – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="बहाई धर्म" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target">अंगिका</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="البهائية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="البهائية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baha%C3%ADsmo" title="Bahaísmo – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Bahaísmo" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87_%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE" title="বাহাই ধৰ্ম – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="বাহাই ধৰ্ম" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">অসমীয়া</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fe_Bah%C3%A1%27i" title="Fe Bahá'i – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Fe Bahá'i" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C9%99hailik" title="Bəhailik – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Bəhailik" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="بهایی‌لیک – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="بهایی‌لیک" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87_%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE" title="বাহাই ধর্ম – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বাহাই ধর্ম" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baha%27i" title="Baha'i – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Baha'i" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%96" title="Бахаі – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Бахаі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%96" title="Багаі – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Багаі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagtubod_na_Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD" title="Pagtubod na Baháʼí – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Pagtubod na Baháʼí" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Бахайство – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Бахайство" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baha%27i" title="Baha'i – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Baha'i" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fe_bah%C3%A0%27%C3%AD" title="Fe bahà'í – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Fe bahà'í" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%E2%80%99%C3%AD" title="Bahá’í – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Bahá’í" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubhaha%27i" title="Ubhaha'i – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Ubhaha'i" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiShona</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%27%C3%AD" title="Bahá'í – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Bahá'í" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%27i" title="Bahá'i – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Bahá'i" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="بهائية – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="بهائية" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahaitum" title="Bahaitum – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Bahaitum" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baha%27i_usk" title="Baha'i usk – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Baha'i usk" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%AF%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B7_%CE%9C%CF%80%CE%B1%CF%87%CE%AC%CE%B9" title="Πίστη Μπαχάι – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πίστη Μπαχάι" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%27%C3%AD" title="Bahá'í – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Bahá'í" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Emiliàn e rumagnòl</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baha%C3%ADsmo" title="Bahaísmo – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Bahaísmo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahaa_Kredo" title="Bahaa Kredo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Bahaa Kredo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahaismo" title="Bahaismo – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Bahaismo" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%AA" title="بهائیت – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بهائیت" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%27%C3%AD_Faith" title="Bahá'í Faith – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Bahá'í Faith" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%27%C3%AD_tr%C3%BAgvin" title="Bahá'í trúgvin – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Bahá'í trúgvin" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baha%C3%AFsme" title="Bahaïsme – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Bahaïsme" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahai" title="Bahai – Fula" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Bahai" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="Fula" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fulfulde</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baha%27i" title="Baha'i – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Baha'i" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fe_Bah%C3%A1%27%C3%AD" title="Fe Bahá'í – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Fe Bahá'í" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B0%94%ED%95%98%EC%9D%B4_%EC%8B%A0%EC%95%99" title="바하이 신앙 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="바하이 신앙" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baha%27i" title="Baha'i – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Baha'i" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%A1%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB" title="Բահայի – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բահայի" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%88_%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE" title="बहाई धर्म – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="बहाई धर्म" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%27%C3%AD" title="Bahá'í – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Bahá'í" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fido_Bahaa" title="Fido Bahaa – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Fido Bahaa" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD" title="Baháʼí – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Baháʼí" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fide_Bah%C3%A1%27%C3%AD" title="Fide Bahá'í – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Fide Bahá'í" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%27%C3%AD_tr%C3%BAin" title="Bahá'í trúin – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Bahá'í trúin" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%27%C3%AD" title="Bahá'í – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Bahá'í" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%93%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%91%D7%94%D7%90%D7%99%D7%AA" title="הדת הבהאית – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הדת הבהאית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahay%C9%A9s%C9%A9m" title="Bahayɩsɩm – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Bahayɩsɩm" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kabɩyɛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AC%E0%B2%B9%E0%B2%BE%27%E0%B2%87_%E0%B2%A7%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AE" title="ಬಹಾ'ಇ ಧರ್ಮ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಬಹಾ'ಇ ಧರ್ಮ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%90%E1%83%B0%E1%83%90%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="ბაჰაიზმი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ბაჰაიზმი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%81%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%AA" title="بہائیت – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="بہائیت" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target">कॉशुर / کٲشُر</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D2%BB%D0%B0%D0%B8" title="Баһаи – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Баһаи" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fay_Bah%C3%A1%27%C3%AD" title="Fay Bahá'í – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Fay Bahá'í" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baha%27i" title="Baha'i – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Baha'i" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kibaha" title="Kibaha – Kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Kibaha" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kongo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahayism" title="Bahayism – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Bahayism" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kriyòl gwiyannen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beha%C3%AEt%C3%AE" title="Behaîtî – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Behaîtî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baha%27i" title="Baha'i – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Baha'i" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladino</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religio_Baha%27i" title="Religio Baha'i – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Religio Baha'i" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bah%C4%81ju_tic%C4%ABba" title="Bahāju ticība – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Bahāju ticība" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baha%27i" title="Baha'i – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Baha'i" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahaj%C5%B3_tik%C4%97jimas" title="Bahajų tikėjimas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Bahajų tikėjimas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahaisme" title="Bahaisme – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Bahaisme" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingua Franca Nova</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%27%C3%AD" title="Bahá'í – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Bahá'í" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bah%C3%A1i_hit" title="Bahái hit – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Bahái hit" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Бахаизам – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Бахаизам" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahaisma" title="Bahaisma – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Bahaisma" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BF_%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%82" title="ബഹായി വിശ്വാസം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ബഹായി വിശ്വാസം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baha%27i" title="Baha'i – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Baha'i" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%90%E1%83%B0%E1%83%90%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="ბაჰაიზმი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ბაჰაიზმი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%89" title="الدين البهائى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الدين البهائى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C_%DA%A9%DB%8C%D8%B4" title="بائی کیش – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="بائی کیش" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%27%C3%AD" title="Bahá'í – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bahá'í" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baha%27i" title="Baha'i – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Baha'i" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target">Minangkabau</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%A9_bah%C3%A1%27%C3%AD" title="Fé bahá'í – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Fé bahá'í" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Mirandés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D1%88%D2%AF%D1%82%D0%BB%D1%8D%D0%B3" title="Бахай шүтлэг – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Бахай шүтлэг" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahai" title="Bahai – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Bahai" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahai" title="Bahai – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Bahai" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nedersaksies</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%88_%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE" title="बहाई धर्म – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="बहाई धर्म" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87_%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE" title="बहाइ धर्म – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="बहाइ धर्म" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%90%E3%83%8F%E3%82%A4%E4%BF%A1%E6%95%99" title="バハイ信教 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="バハイ信教" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahai" title="Bahai – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Bahai" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahai" title="Bahai – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Bahai" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baa%C3%AFsme" title="Baaïsme – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Baaïsme" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B9%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%88_%E0%AC%A7%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%AE" title="ବାହାଈ ଧର୍ମ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ବାହାଈ ଧର୍ମ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target">ଓଡ଼ିଆ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahoiylik" title="Bahoiylik – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Bahoiylik" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%88_%E0%A8%A7%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AE" title="ਬਹਾਈ ਧਰਮ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਬਹਾਈ ਧਰਮ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pfl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pfl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahai" title="Bahai – Palatine German" lang="pfl" hreflang="pfl" data-title="Bahai" data-language-autonym="Pälzisch" data-language-local-name="Palatine German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Pälzisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%81%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%AA" title="بہائیت – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="بہائیت" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%8A" title="بهايي – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="بهايي" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ba%27ai_Fiet" title="Ba'ai Fiet – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Ba'ai Fiet" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Patois</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%87%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%BF%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%A0%E1%9F%83" title="ជំនឿបាហៃ – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ជំនឿបាហៃ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target">ភាសាខ្មែរ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahai" title="Bahai – Tok Pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Bahai" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="Tok Pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tok Pisin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%27%C3%AD" title="Bahá'í – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Bahá'í" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahaizm" title="Bahaizm – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Bahaizm" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%A9_bah%C3%A1%27%C3%AD" title="Fé bahá'í – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Fé bahá'í" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Credin%C8%9Ba_Bah%C3%A1%27%C3%AD" title="Credința Bahá'í – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Credința Bahá'í" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B8" title="Бахаи – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Бахаи" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%27%C3%AD_Faith" title="Bahá'í Faith – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Bahá'í Faith" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahaizmi" title="Bahaizmi – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Bahaizmi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fidi_Baha%27i" title="Fidi Baha'i – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Fidi Baha'i" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B6%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92_%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%BA" title="බහායි විශ්වාසය – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="බහායි විශ්වාසය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%27%C3%AD_Faith" title="Bahá'í Faith – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Bahá'í Faith" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DA%BE%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%AA" title="بھائيت – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="بھائيت" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahaizmus" title="Bahaizmus – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Bahaizmus" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahajstvo" title="Bahajstvo – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Bahajstvo" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baha%27i" title="Baha'i – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Baha'i" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%A8%DB%95%DA%BE%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="ئایینی بەھایی – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئایینی بەھایی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Бахаи вера – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Бахаи вера" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahaizam" title="Bahaizam – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Bahaizam" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baha%27i" title="Baha'i – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Baha'i" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sunda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahai-usko" title="Bahai-usko – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Bahai-usko" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%27%C3%AD" title="Bahá'í – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Bahá'í" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%27%C3%AD" title="Bahá'í – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Bahá'í" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="பகாய் சமயம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பகாய் சமயம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D3%99%D2%BB%D0%B0%D0%B8" title="Бәһаи – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Бәһаи" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AC%E0%B0%B9%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BF_%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B6%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%82" title="బహాయి విశ్వాసం – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="బహాయి విశ్వాసం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AE" title="ศาสนาบาไฮ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ศาสนาบาไฮ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D2%B3%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Баҳоия – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Баҳоия" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bah%C3%A2%C3%AElik" title="Bahâîlik – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Bahâîlik" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Бахаїзм – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Бахаїзм" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%81%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%AA" title="بہائیت – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="بہائیت" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%DA%BE%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%89%D9%8A" title="باھائىي – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="باھائىي" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%27%C3%AD_gi%C3%A1o" title="Bahá'í giáo – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Bahá'í giáo" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baha%27i_usk" title="Baha'i usk – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Baha'i usk" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target">Võro</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panoohan_Bah%C3%A1%27%C3%AD" title="Panoohan Bahá'í – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Panoohan Bahá'í" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%93%88%E4%BC%8A%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0" title="巴哈伊信仰 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="巴哈伊信仰" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%C3%AD" title="Baháí – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Baháí" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%90%8C%E6%95%99" title="大同教 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="大同教" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Behai" title="Behai – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Behai" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a 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searchaux" style="display:none">Religion established in the 19th century</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Bahai" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Bahai_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Bahai (disambiguation)">Bahai (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="width: 24em;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;">Baháʼí Faith</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Shrine-of-Bahaullah.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Stone pathway surrounded by gardens leading to a building with golden gates." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Shrine-of-Bahaullah.jpg/225px-Shrine-of-Bahaullah.jpg" decoding="async" width="225" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Shrine-of-Bahaullah.jpg/338px-Shrine-of-Bahaullah.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Shrine-of-Bahaullah.jpg/450px-Shrine-of-Bahaullah.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1200" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">The <a href="/wiki/Shrine_of_Bah%C3%A1%CA%BCu%27ll%C3%A1h" title="Shrine of Baháʼu'lláh">Shrine of Baháʼu'lláh</a> at <a href="/wiki/Acre,_Israel" title="Acre, Israel">Acre</a> in Israel, the holiest Bahá’í site.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Classification</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Abrahamic_religions" title="Abrahamic religions">Abrahamic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iranian_religions" title="Iranian religions">Iranian</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Religious_text" title="Religious text">Scripture</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Kit%C3%A1b-i-Aqdas" title="Kitáb-i-Aqdas">Kitáb-i-Aqdas</a>, various other <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_literature" title="Baháʼí literature">Baháʼí scriptures</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Theology</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/God_in_the_Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith" title="God in the Baháʼí Faith">Monotheistic</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Region</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith_by_country" title="Baháʼí Faith by country">Worldwide</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Language</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_World_Centre" title="Baháʼí World Centre">Baháʼí World Centre</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith200071–72-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Founder</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BCu%27ll%C3%A1h" title="Baháʼu'lláh">Baháʼu'lláh</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Origin</th><td class="infobox-data">19th century</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Schism" title="Schism">Separated from</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A1bism" title="Bábism">Bábism</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Members</th><td class="infobox-data"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 8 million</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Official website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" 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.sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist" style="border-collapse:collapse;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle" style="background-color: #FF8C00;">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Bah%C3%A1%27%C3%AD_Faith" title="Category:Bahá'í Faith">a series</a> on the</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background-color: #FF8C00;;font-size:150%;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Baháʼí Faith</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_symbols#Nine-pointed_star" title="Baháʼí symbols"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Bahai_star.svg/80px-Bahai_star.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Bahai_star.svg/120px-Bahai_star.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Bahai_star.svg/160px-Bahai_star.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #FF8C00;;text-align:center;background:#FF8C00;padding-left:0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)">Central figures</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BCu%27ll%C3%A1h" title="Baháʼu'lláh">Baháʼu'lláh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A1b" title="Báb">The Báb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CA%BBAbdu%27l-Bah%C3%A1" title="ʻAbdu'l-Bahá">ʻAbdu'l-Bahá</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #FF8C00;;text-align:center;background:#FF8C00;padding-left:0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)">Basics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_teachings" title="Baháʼí teachings">Teachings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God_in_the_Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith" title="God in the Baháʼí Faith">Unity of God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith_and_the_unity_of_humanity" title="Baháʼí Faith and the unity of humanity">Unity of humanity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith_and_the_unity_of_religion" title="Baháʼí Faith and the unity of religion">Unity of religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_laws" title="Baháʼí laws">Laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prayer_in_the_Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith" title="Prayer in the Baháʼí Faith">Prayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_calendar" title="Baháʼí calendar">Calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nineteen_Day_Feast" title="Nineteen Day Feast">Nineteen Day Feast</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #FF8C00;;text-align:center;background:#FF8C00;padding-left:0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)">Key scripture</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kit%C3%A1b-i-Aqdas" title="Kitáb-i-Aqdas">Kitáb-i-Aqdas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kit%C3%A1b-i-%C3%8Dq%C3%A1n" title="Kitáb-i-Íqán">Kitáb-i-Íqán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hidden_Words" title="Hidden Words">The Hidden Words</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Some_Answered_Questions" title="Some Answered Questions">Some Answered Questions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_literature" title="Baháʼí literature">Other Texts</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #FF8C00;;text-align:center;background:#FF8C00;padding-left:0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)">Institutions</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Covenant_of_Bah%C3%A1%CA%BCu%27ll%C3%A1h" title="Covenant of Baháʼu'lláh">Covenant of Baháʼu'lláh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_administration" title="Baháʼí administration">Administrative Order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guardian_(Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith)" class="mw-redirect" title="Guardian (Baháʼí Faith)">The Guardianship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_House_of_Justice" title="Universal House of Justice">Universal House of Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spiritual_Assembly" title="Spiritual Assembly">Spiritual Assemblies</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #FF8C00;;text-align:center;background:#FF8C00;padding-left:0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)">History</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith" title="History of the Baháʼí Faith">Baháʼí history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_timeline" title="Baháʼí timeline">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A1bism" title="Bábism">Bábism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%ADs" title="Persecution of Baháʼís">Persecution</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #FF8C00;;text-align:center;background:#FF8C00;padding-left:0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)">People</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shoghi_Effendi" title="Shoghi Effendi">Shoghi Effendi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hands_of_the_Cause" title="Hands of the Cause">Hands of the Cause</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostles_of_Bah%C3%A1%CA%BCu%27ll%C3%A1h" title="Apostles of Baháʼu'lláh">Apostles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%ADs" title="List of Baháʼís">Other Baháʼís</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A1bism" title="Bábism">Bábis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Letters_of_the_Living" title="Letters of the Living">Letters of the Living</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mull%C3%A1_Husayn" title="Mullá Husayn">Mullá Husayn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A1hirih" title="Táhirih">Táhirih</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #FF8C00;;text-align:center;background:#FF8C00;padding-left:0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)">Places</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_House_of_Worship" title="Baháʼí House of Worship">House of Worship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrine_of_Bah%C3%A1%CA%BCu%27ll%C3%A1h" title="Shrine of Baháʼu'lláh">Shrine of Baháʼu'lláh</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qiblih" title="Qiblih">Qiblih</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrine_of_the_B%C3%A1b" title="Shrine of the Báb">Shrine of the Báb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%ADy%C3%A1h-Ch%C3%A1l" title="Síyáh-Chál">Síyáh-Chál</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_World_Centre" title="Baháʼí World Centre">World Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_pilgrimage" title="Baháʼí pilgrimage">Pilgrimage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haifa" title="Haifa">Haifa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acre,_Israel" title="Acre, Israel">Acre</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #FF8C00;;text-align:center;background:#FF8C00;padding-left:0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)">Other topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tasjil" title="Tasjil">Tasjil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socioeconomic_development_and_the_Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith" title="Socioeconomic development and the Baháʼí Faith">Socioeconomic development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_revelation_(Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD)" title="Progressive revelation (Baháʼí)">Progressive revelation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_cosmology" title="Baháʼí cosmology">Cosmology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_symbols" title="Baháʼí symbols">Symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_views_on_homosexuality" title="Baháʼí views on homosexuality">Homosexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith_and_gender_equality" title="Baháʼí Faith and gender equality">Gender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_views_on_science" title="Baháʼí views on science">Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_prophecies" title="Baháʼí prophecies">Prophecies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_statistics" class="mw-redirect" title="Baháʼí statistics">Statistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_orthography" title="Baháʼí orthography">Orthography</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="border-top:1px solid #FF8C00;border-bottom:1px solid #FF8C00;padding-bottom:0.4em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_symbols#Nine-pointed_star" title="Baháʼí symbols"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Bahai_star.svg/16px-Bahai_star.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Bahai_star.svg/24px-Bahai_star.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Bahai_star.svg/32px-Bahai_star.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Category:Bah%C3%A1%27%C3%AD_Faith" title="Category:Bahá'í Faith">Category</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output 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.plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Farsi.svg/40px-Farsi.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Farsi.svg/60px-Farsi.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Farsi.svg/80px-Farsi.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="384" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">This article contains <a href="/wiki/Persian_alphabet" title="Persian alphabet">Persian text</a>. Without proper <a href="/wiki/Help:Arabic" title="Help:Arabic">rendering support</a>, you may see <a href="/wiki/Specials_(Unicode_block)#Replacement_character" title="Specials (Unicode block)">question marks, boxes, or other symbols</a>.</div></div> </div> The Baháʼí Faith is a <a href="/wiki/Monotheism" title="Monotheism">monotheistic</a> religion<a href="#cite_note-10">[a]</a> founded in the 19th century that teaches the <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith_and_the_unity_of_religion" title="Baháʼí Faith and the unity of religion">essential worth of all religions</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith_and_the_unity_of_humanity" title="Baháʼí Faith and the unity of humanity">the unity of all people</a>.<a href="#cite_note-15">[b]</a> Established by <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BCu%27ll%C3%A1h" title="Baháʼu'lláh">Baháʼu'lláh</a>, it initially developed in Iran and parts of the Middle East, where it has faced <a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%ADs" title="Persecution of Baháʼís">ongoing persecution</a> since its inception.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAffolter2005-16">[14]</a> The religion is estimated to have <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith_by_country" title="Baháʼí Faith by country">approximately 8 million adherents</a> (known as Baháʼís) as of 2024, spread throughout most of the world's countries and territories. The Baháʼí Faith has three central figures: the <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A1b" title="Báb">Báb</a> (1819–1850), executed for heresy, who taught that a prophet similar to <a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a> would soon appear; <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BCu%27ll%C3%A1h" title="Baháʼu'lláh">Baháʼu'lláh</a> (1817–1892), who claimed to be said prophet in 1863 and had to endure both exile and imprisonment; and his son, <a href="/wiki/%CA%BBAbdu%27l-Bah%C3%A1" title="ʻAbdu'l-Bahá">ʻAbdu'l-Bahá</a> (1844–1921), who made teaching trips to Europe and the United States after his release from confinement in 1908. After ʻAbdu'l-Bahá's death in 1921, the leadership of the religion fell to his grandson <a href="/wiki/Shoghi_Effendi" title="Shoghi Effendi">Shoghi Effendi</a> (1897–1957). Baháʼís annually elect local, regional, and national <a href="/wiki/Spiritual_Assembly" title="Spiritual Assembly">Spiritual Assemblies</a> that govern the religion's affairs, and every five years an election is held for the <a href="/wiki/Universal_House_of_Justice" title="Universal House of Justice">Universal House of Justice</a>, the nine-member governing institution of the worldwide Baháʼí community that is located in <a href="/wiki/Haifa" title="Haifa">Haifa</a>, Israel, near the <a href="/wiki/Shrine_of_the_B%C3%A1b" title="Shrine of the Báb">Shrine of the Báb</a>. According to <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_teachings" title="Baháʼí teachings">Baháʼí teachings</a>, religion is revealed in an orderly and progressive way by a single God through <a href="/wiki/Manifestation_of_God_(Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith)" title="Manifestation of God (Baháʼí Faith)">Manifestations of God</a>, who are the founders of major world religions throughout human history; <a href="/wiki/The_Buddha" title="The Buddha">the Buddha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a> are cited as the most recent of these Manifestations of God before the Báb and Baháʼu'lláh. Baháʼís regard the world's major religions as fundamentally unified in their purpose, but divergent in their social practices and interpretations. The Baháʼí Faith stresses the unity of all people as its core teaching; as a result, it explicitly rejects notions of racism, sexism, and nationalism. At the heart of Baháʼí teachings is the desire to establish a <a href="/wiki/New_world_order_(Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD)" title="New world order (Baháʼí)">unified world order</a> that ensures the prosperity of all nations, races, creeds, and classes.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHatcherMartin1998-17">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMomen2011-18">[16]</a> Letters and epistles by Baháʼu'lláh, along with writings and talks by his son ʻAbdu'l-Bahá, have been collected and assembled into a canon of <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_literature" title="Baháʼí literature">Baháʼí scriptures</a>. This collection includes works by the Báb, who is regarded as Baháʼu'lláh's forerunner. Prominent among the works of Baháʼí literature are the <a href="/wiki/Kit%C3%A1b-i-Aqdas" title="Kitáb-i-Aqdas">Kitáb-i-Aqdas</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Kit%C3%A1b-i-%C3%8Dq%C3%A1n" title="Kitáb-i-Íqán">Kitáb-i-Íqán</a>, <a href="/wiki/Some_Answered_Questions" title="Some Answered Questions">Some Answered Questions</a>, and <a href="/wiki/The_Dawn-Breakers" title="The Dawn-Breakers">The Dawn-Breakers</a>. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_orthography" title="Baháʼí orthography">Baháʼí orthography</a></div> The word "Baháʼí" (بهائی) is used either as an adjective to refer to the Baháʼí Faith or as a term for a follower of <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BCu%27ll%C3%A1h" title="Baháʼu'lláh">Baháʼu'lláh</a>. The proper name of the religion is the "Baháʼí Faith", not Baháʼí or Baháʼism (the latter, once common among academics, is regarded as derogatory by the Baháʼís).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStockman20131-19">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHatcherMartin1998xiii-20">[18]</a> It is derived from the <a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a> "Baháʼ" (بهاء), a name Baháʼu'lláh chose for himself, referring to the 'glory' or 'splendor' of God. In English, the word is commonly pronounced <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">bə-HYE</a> (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/bəˈhaɪ/</a>), but the more accurate rendering of the Arabic is <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">bə-HAH-ee</a> (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/bəˈhɑː.iː/</a>).<a href="#cite_note-21">[19]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Acute_accent" title="Acute accent">accent marks</a> above the letters, representing long vowels, derive from a system of <a href="/wiki/Transliteration" title="Transliteration">transliterating</a> Arabic and Persian script that was adopted by Baháʼís in 1923, and which has been used in almost all Baháʼí publications since.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStockman20131-19">[17]</a> Baháʼís prefer the orthographies Baháʼí, the Báb, Baháʼu'lláh, and ʻAbdu'l-Bahá. When accent marks are unavailable, Bahai, Bahaʼi, or Bahaullah are often used. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith" title="History of the Baháʼí Faith">History of the Baháʼí Faith</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shrine_Bab_North_West.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A domed building" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Shrine_Bab_North_West.jpg/170px-Shrine_Bab_North_West.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Shrine_Bab_North_West.jpg/255px-Shrine_Bab_North_West.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Shrine_Bab_North_West.jpg/340px-Shrine_Bab_North_West.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="3072" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Shrine_of_the_B%C3%A1b" title="Shrine of the Báb">Shrine of the Báb</a> in <a href="/wiki/Haifa" title="Haifa">Haifa</a>, Israel</figcaption></figure> <table style="clear:right; float:right; width:20%; border:1px solid #ddd; margin:0 0 1em 1em; padding:0 0 1em 1em; vertical-align:right; font-size:80%;"> <caption><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_timeline" title="Baháʼí timeline">Baháʼí timeline</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="right">1817 </td> <td>Baháʼu'lláh was born in Tehran, Iran <hr /> </td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top" align="right">1819 </td> <td>The Báb was born in Shiraz, Iran <hr /> </td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top" align="right">1844 </td> <td>The Báb declares his mission in Shiraz, Iran <hr /> </td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top" align="right">1850 </td> <td>The Báb is publicly executed in Tabriz, Iran <hr /> </td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top" align="right">1852 </td> <td>Thousands of Bábís are executed </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right"> </td> <td>Baháʼu'lláh is imprisoned and forced into exile <hr /> </td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top" align="right">1863 </td> <td>Baháʼu'lláh first announces his claim to divine revelation in Baghdad, Iraq. </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right"> </td> <td>He is forced to leave Baghdad for Istanbul, then Adrianople <hr /> </td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top" align="right">1868 </td> <td>Baháʼu'lláh is forced into harsher confinement in ʻAkká, in Palestine <hr /> </td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top" align="right">1892 </td> <td>Baháʼu'lláh dies near ʻAkká </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right"> </td> <td>His Will appointed ʻAbdu'l-Bahá as successor <hr /> </td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top" align="right">1908 </td> <td>ʻAbdu'l-Bahá is released from prison <hr /> </td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top" align="right">1921 </td> <td>ʻAbdu'l-Bahá dies in Haifa </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right"> </td> <td>His Will appointed Shoghi Effendi as Guardian <hr /> </td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top" align="right">1957 </td> <td>Shoghi Effendi dies in England <hr /> </td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top" align="right">1963 </td> <td>The Universal House of Justice is first elected </td></tr></tbody></table> The Baháʼí Faith traces its beginnings to the religion of the <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A1b" title="Báb">Báb</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Shaykhism" title="Shaykhism">Shaykhi</a> movement that immediately preceded it. The Báb was a merchant who began preaching in 1844 that he was the bearer of a new revelation from God, but was rejected by the generality of <a href="/wiki/Islamic_clergy" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic clergy">Islamic clergy</a> in Iran, ending in his public execution for the crime of heresy.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHartz200911-22">[20]</a> The Báb taught that God would soon send a new messenger, and Baháʼís consider Baháʼu'lláh to be that person.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEA.V.2017-23">[21]</a> Although they are distinct movements, the Báb is so interwoven into Baháʼí theology and history that Baháʼís celebrate his birth, death, and declaration as <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Holy_Days" title="Baháʼí Holy Days">holy days</a>, and consider him one of their three central figures (along with Baháʼu'lláh and ʻAbdu'l-Bahá). A historical account of the Bábí movement (<a href="/wiki/The_Dawn-Breakers" title="The Dawn-Breakers">The Dawn-Breakers</a>) is considered one of three books that every Baháʼí should "master" and read "over and over again".<a href="#cite_note-24">[22]</a> The Baháʼí community was mostly confined to the <a href="/wiki/Qajar_dynasty" title="Qajar dynasty">Iranian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman</a> empires until after the death of Baháʼu'lláh in 1892, at which time he had followers in 13 countries of Asia and Africa.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETaherzadeh1987125-25">[23]</a> Under the leadership of his son, ʻAbdu'l-Bahá, the religion gained a footing in Europe and America, and was consolidated in Iran, where it still suffers intense persecution.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAffolter2005-16">[14]</a> ʻAbdu'l-Bahá's death in 1921 marks the end of what Baháʼís call the "heroic age" of the religion.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith200856-26">[24]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Báb">Báb</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Báb">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A1b" title="Báb">Báb</a></div> On the evening of 22 May 1844, Siyyid ʻAlí-Muhammad of Shiraz gained his first convert and took on the title of "the <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A1b" title="Báb">Báb</a>" (الباب "Gate"), referring to his later claim to the status of <a href="/wiki/Mahdi" title="Mahdi">Mahdi</a> of <a href="/wiki/Shia_Islam" title="Shia Islam">Shiʻa Islam</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAffolter2005-16">[14]</a> His followers were therefore known as <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A1bism" title="Bábism">Bábís</a>. As the Báb's teachings spread, which the Islamic clergy saw as blasphemous, his followers came under increased persecution and torture.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDaumeWatson1992-27">[25]</a> The conflicts escalated in several places to military sieges by the <a href="/wiki/Naser_al-Din_Shah_Qajar" title="Naser al-Din Shah Qajar">Shah</a>'s army. The Báb himself was imprisoned and eventually executed in 1850.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacEoin2009414-28">[26]</a> Baháʼís see the Báb as the forerunner of the Baháʼí Faith, because the Báb's writings introduced the concept of "<a href="/wiki/He_whom_God_shall_make_manifest" class="mw-redirect" title="He whom God shall make manifest">He whom God shall make manifest</a>", a messianic figure whose coming, according to Baháʼís, was announced in the scriptures of all of the world's great religions, and whom Baháʼu'lláh, the founder of the Baháʼí Faith, claimed to be.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDaumeWatson1992-27">[25]</a> The Báb's tomb, located in <a href="/wiki/Haifa" title="Haifa">Haifa</a>, Israel, is an important place of <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_pilgrimage" title="Baháʼí pilgrimage">pilgrimage for Baháʼís</a>. The remains of the Báb were brought secretly from Iran to the Holy Land and eventually interred in the tomb built for them in a spot specifically designated by Baháʼu'lláh.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHartz200975–76-29">[27]</a> The writings of the Báb are considered inspired scripture by Baháʼís, though having been superseded by the laws and teachings of Baháʼu'lláh.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith2008101-30">[28]</a> The main written works translated into English of the Báb are compiled in <a href="/wiki/Selections_from_the_Writings_of_the_B%C3%A1b" title="Selections from the Writings of the Báb">Selections from the Writings of the Báb</a> (1976) out of the estimated 135 works.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith2008102-31">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUniversal_House_of_Justice2002-32">[30]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Baháʼu'lláh">Baháʼu'lláh</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Baháʼu'lláh">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BCu%27ll%C3%A1h" title="Baháʼu'lláh">Baháʼu'lláh</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bah%C3%A1%27u%27ll%C3%A1h_(M%C3%ADrz%C3%A1_%E1%B8%A4usayn-%60Al%C3%AD_N%C3%BAr%C3%AD)_in_1868.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Bah%C3%A1%27u%27ll%C3%A1h_%28M%C3%ADrz%C3%A1_%E1%B8%A4usayn-%60Al%C3%AD_N%C3%BAr%C3%AD%29_in_1868.jpg/170px-Bah%C3%A1%27u%27ll%C3%A1h_%28M%C3%ADrz%C3%A1_%E1%B8%A4usayn-%60Al%C3%AD_N%C3%BAr%C3%AD%29_in_1868.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="237" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Bah%C3%A1%27u%27ll%C3%A1h_%28M%C3%ADrz%C3%A1_%E1%B8%A4usayn-%60Al%C3%AD_N%C3%BAr%C3%AD%29_in_1868.jpg/255px-Bah%C3%A1%27u%27ll%C3%A1h_%28M%C3%ADrz%C3%A1_%E1%B8%A4usayn-%60Al%C3%AD_N%C3%BAr%C3%AD%29_in_1868.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Bah%C3%A1%27u%27ll%C3%A1h_%28M%C3%ADrz%C3%A1_%E1%B8%A4usayn-%60Al%C3%AD_N%C3%BAr%C3%AD%29_in_1868.jpg/340px-Bah%C3%A1%27u%27ll%C3%A1h_%28M%C3%ADrz%C3%A1_%E1%B8%A4usayn-%60Al%C3%AD_N%C3%BAr%C3%AD%29_in_1868.jpg 2x" data-file-width="955" data-file-height="1332" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BCu%27ll%C3%A1h" title="Baháʼu'lláh">Baháʼu'lláh</a>, the founder of the Baháʼí Faith</figcaption></figure> Mírzá Husayn ʻAlí Núrí was one of the early followers of the Báb,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacEoin2009498-33">[31]</a> and later took the title of Baháʼu'lláh.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWarburg2006145-34">[32]</a> In August 1852, a few Bábís made a failed attempt to assassinate the <a href="/wiki/Shah" title="Shah">Shah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Naser_al-Din_Shah_Qajar" title="Naser al-Din Shah Qajar">Naser al-Din Shah Qajar</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Religio_12-1-35">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWarburg2006146-36">[34]</a> The Shah responded by ordering the killing and in some cases torturing of about 50 Bábís in Tehran.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWarburg2006146-36">[34]</a> Further bloodshed spread throughout the country and hundreds were reported in period newspapers by October, and tens of thousands by the end of December.<a href="#cite_note-37">[35]</a> Baháʼu'lláh was not involved in the assassination attempt but was imprisoned in Tehran until his release was arranged four months later by the <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russian</a> ambassador, after which he joined other Bábís in exile in Baghdad.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWarburg2006146–147-38">[36]</a> Shortly thereafter he was expelled from Iran and traveled to <a href="/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad">Baghdad</a>, in the Ottoman Empire.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHutter2005737–740-39">[37]</a> In Baghdad, his leadership revived the persecuted followers of the Báb in Iran, so Iranian authorities requested his removal, which instigated a summons to Constantinople (now <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a>) from the Ottoman Sultan. In 1863, at the time of his removal from Baghdad, Baháʼu'lláh first announced his claim of prophethood to his family and followers, which he said came to him years earlier while in a <a href="/wiki/S%C3%ADy%C3%A1h-Ch%C3%A1l" title="Síyáh-Chál">dungeon of Tehran</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHutter2005737–740-39">[37]</a> From the time of the initial exile from Iran, tensions grew between him and <a href="/wiki/Subh-i-Azal" title="Subh-i-Azal">Subh-i-Azal</a>, the appointed leader of the Bábís, who did not recognize Baháʼu'lláh's claim. Throughout the rest of his life Baháʼu'lláh gained the allegiance of almost all of the Bábís, who came to be known as Baháʼís, while a remnant of Bábís became known as <a href="/wiki/Azali" title="Azali">Azalis</a>, and are regarded by Bahá'ís as equivalent to apostates.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHartz200948,_51-40">[38]</a> He spent less than four months in Constantinople. After receiving chastising letters from Baháʼu'lláh, Ottoman authorities turned against him and put him under house arrest in Adrianople (now <a href="/wiki/Edirne" title="Edirne">Edirne</a>), where he remained for four years, until a royal decree of 1868 banished all Bábís to either <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a> or <a href="/wiki/Acre,_Israel" title="Acre, Israel">ʻAkká</a>. It was in or near the Ottoman penal colony of ʻAkká, in present-day Israel, that Baháʼu'lláh spent the remainder of his life. After initially strict and harsh confinement, he was allowed to live in a home near ʻAkká, while still officially a prisoner of that city.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIranica-Baha'-Allah1988-41">[39]</a> He died there in 1892. Baháʼís regard his resting place at <a href="/wiki/Mansion_of_Bahj%C3%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="Mansion of Bahjí">Bahjí</a> as the <a href="/wiki/Qiblih" title="Qiblih">Qiblih</a> to which they turn in prayer each day.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith200820–21,_28-42">[40]</a> He produced over 18,000 works in his lifetime, in both Arabic and Persian, of which only 8% have been translated into English.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStockman20132-43">[41]</a> During the period in Adrianople, he began declaring his mission as a Messenger of God in letters to the world's religious and secular rulers, including <a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_IX" title="Pope Pius IX">Pope Pius IX</a>, <a href="/wiki/Napoleon_III" title="Napoleon III">Napoleon III</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria" title="Queen Victoria">Queen Victoria</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBerry2004-44">[42]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ʻAbdu'l-Bahá">ʻAbdu'l-Bahá</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: ʻAbdu'l-Bahá">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/%CA%BBAbdu%27l-Bah%C3%A1" title="ʻAbdu'l-Bahá">ʻAbdu'l-Bahá</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E2%80%98Abdu%E2%80%99l-Bah%C3%A1_portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/%E2%80%98Abdu%E2%80%99l-Bah%C3%A1_portrait.jpg/250px-%E2%80%98Abdu%E2%80%99l-Bah%C3%A1_portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="273" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/%E2%80%98Abdu%E2%80%99l-Bah%C3%A1_portrait.jpg/375px-%E2%80%98Abdu%E2%80%99l-Bah%C3%A1_portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/%E2%80%98Abdu%E2%80%99l-Bah%C3%A1_portrait.jpg/500px-%E2%80%98Abdu%E2%80%99l-Bah%C3%A1_portrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="11049" data-file-height="12054" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%CA%BBAbdu%27l-Bah%C3%A1" title="ʻAbdu'l-Bahá">ʻAbdu'l-Bahá</a>, the eldest son of Baháʼu'lláh</figcaption></figure> ʻAbbás Effendi was Baháʼu'lláh's eldest son, known by the title of ʻAbdu'l-Bahá ("Servant of Bahá"). His father left a <a href="/wiki/Tablets_of_Bah%C3%A1%CA%BCu%27ll%C3%A1h#Kitáb-i-ʻAhd_(Book_of_the_Covenant)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tablets of Baháʼu'lláh">will</a> that appointed ʻAbdu'l-Bahá as the leader of the Baháʼí community.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHartz200973–76-45">[43]</a> ʻAbdu'l-Bahá had shared his father's long exile and imprisonment, which continued until ʻAbdu'l-Bahá's own release as a result of the <a href="/wiki/Young_Turk_Revolution" title="Young Turk Revolution">Young Turk Revolution</a> in 1908. Following his release he led a life of travelling, speaking, teaching, and maintaining correspondence with communities of believers and individuals, expounding the principles of the Baháʼí Faith.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHutter2005737–740-39">[37]</a> As of 2020, there are over 38,000 extant documents containing the words of ʻAbdu'l-Bahá, which are of widely varying lengths.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYazdani2022-46">[44]</a> Only a fraction of these documents have been translated into English.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers">needs update</a>]<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUniversal_House_of_Justice2002-32">[30]</a> Among the more well known are <a href="/wiki/The_Secret_of_Divine_Civilization" title="The Secret of Divine Civilization">The Secret of Divine Civilization</a>, <a href="/wiki/Some_Answered_Questions" title="Some Answered Questions">Some Answered Questions</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Tablet_to_Dr._Forel" title="Tablet to Dr. Forel">Tablet to Auguste-Henri Forel</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Tablets_of_the_Divine_Plan" title="Tablets of the Divine Plan">Tablets of the Divine Plan</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Tablet_to_The_Hague" title="Tablet to The Hague">Tablet to The Hague</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYazdani2022-46">[44]</a> Additionally notes taken of a number of his talks were published in various volumes like <a href="/wiki/Paris_Talks" title="Paris Talks">Paris Talks</a> during his <a href="/wiki/%CA%BBAbdu%27l-Bah%C3%A1%27s_journeys_to_the_West" title="ʻAbdu'l-Bahá's journeys to the West">journeys to the West</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Shoghi_Effendi">Shoghi Effendi</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Shoghi Effendi">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Shoghi_Effendi" title="Shoghi Effendi">Shoghi Effendi</a></div> Baháʼu'lláh's Kitáb-i-Aqdas and The <a href="/wiki/Will_and_Testament_of_%CA%BBAbdu%27l-Bah%C3%A1" title="Will and Testament of ʻAbdu'l-Bahá">Will and Testament of ʻAbdu'l-Bahá</a> are foundational documents of the Baháʼí administrative order. Baháʼu'lláh established the elected <a href="/wiki/Universal_House_of_Justice" title="Universal House of Justice">Universal House of Justice</a>, and ʻAbdu'l-Bahá established the appointed hereditary Guardianship and clarified the relationship between the two institutions.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith200855–57-47">[45]</a> In his Will, ʻAbdu'l-Bahá appointed Shoghi Effendi, his eldest grandson, as the first Guardian of the Baháʼí Faith. Shoghi Effendi served for 36 years as the head of the religion until his death.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith200855-48">[46]</a> Throughout his lifetime, Shoghi Effendi translated <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_texts" class="mw-redirect" title="Baháʼí texts">Baháʼí texts</a>; developed global plans for the expansion of the Baháʼí community; developed the <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_World_Centre" title="Baháʼí World Centre">Baháʼí World Centre</a>; carried on a voluminous correspondence with communities and individuals around the world; and built the administrative structure of the religion, preparing the community for the election of the Universal House of Justice.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHutter2005737–740-39">[37]</a> He unexpectedly died after a brief illness on 4 November 1957, in London, England, under conditions that did not allow for a successor to be appointed.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith200858–69-49">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith2022a-50">[48]</a> In 1937, Shoghi Effendi launched a <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_teaching_plans#1st_Seven_Year_Plan_(1937–1944)" title="Baháʼí teaching plans">seven-year plan</a> for the Baháʼís of North America, followed by another in 1946. In 1953, he launched the first international plan, the <a href="/wiki/Ten_Year_Crusade" class="mw-redirect" title="Ten Year Crusade">Ten Year World Crusade</a>. This plan included extremely ambitious goals for the expansion of Baháʼí communities and institutions, the translation of Baháʼí texts into several new languages, and the sending of <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_teaching_plans#Pioneering" title="Baháʼí teaching plans">Baháʼí pioneers</a> into previously unreached nations.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith200864-51">[49]</a> He announced in letters during the Ten Year Crusade that it would be followed by other plans under the direction of the Universal House of Justice, which was elected in 1963 at the culmination of the Crusade.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Universal_House_of_Justice">Universal House of Justice</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Universal House of Justice">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Universal_House_of_Justice" title="Universal House of Justice">Universal House of Justice</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Seat_of_the_House_of_Justice.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Seat_of_the_House_of_Justice.jpg/220px-Seat_of_the_House_of_Justice.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Seat_of_the_House_of_Justice.jpg/330px-Seat_of_the_House_of_Justice.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Seat_of_the_House_of_Justice.jpg/440px-Seat_of_the_House_of_Justice.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Universal_House_of_Justice" title="Universal House of Justice">Universal House of Justice</a> on <a href="/wiki/Mount_Carmel" title="Mount Carmel">Mount Carmel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haifa" title="Haifa">Haifa</a>, Israel</figcaption></figure> Since 1963, the Universal House of Justice has been the elected head of the Baháʼí Faith. The general functions of this body are defined through the writings of Baháʼu'lláh and clarified in the writings of Abdu'l-Bahá and Shoghi Effendi. These functions include teaching and education, implementing Baháʼí laws, addressing social issues, and caring for the weak and the poor.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIranica-Bayt-al-'adl1989-52">[50]</a> Starting with the Nine Year Plan that began in 1964, the Universal House of Justice has directed the work of the Baháʼí community through a series of <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_teaching_plans" title="Baháʼí teaching plans">multi-year international plans</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmithMomen1989-53">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHartz2009107-54">[52]</a> Starting with the Nine-Year Plan that began in 1964, the Baháʼí leadership sought to continue the expansion of the religion but also to "consolidate" new members, meaning increase their knowledge of the <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_teachings" title="Baháʼí teachings">Baháʼí teachings</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFozdar2015-55">[53]</a> In this vein, in the 1970s, the <a href="/wiki/Ruhi_Institute" title="Ruhi Institute">Ruhi Institute</a> was founded by <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith_in_Colombia" title="Baháʼí Faith in Colombia">Baháʼís in Colombia</a> to offer short courses on Baháʼí beliefs, ranging in length from a weekend to nine days.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFozdar2015-55">[53]</a> The associated Ruhi Foundation, whose purpose was to systematically "consolidate" new Baháʼís, was registered in 1992, and since the late 1990s the courses of the Ruhi Institute have been the dominant way of teaching the Baháʼí Faith around the world.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFozdar2015-55">[53]</a> By 2013 there were over 300 Baháʼí training institutes around the world and 100,000 people participating in courses.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStockman2013193–194-56">[54]</a> The courses of the Ruhi Institute train communities to self-organize classes for the spiritual education of children and youth, among other activities.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStockman2013193–194-56">[54]</a> Additional lines of action the Universal House of Justice has encouraged for the contemporary Baháʼí community include <a href="/wiki/Socioeconomic_development_and_the_Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith" title="Socioeconomic development and the Baháʼí Faith">social action</a> and participation in the prevalent discourses of society.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStockman2013203-57">[55]</a> Annually, on 21 April, the Universal House of Justice sends a '<a href="/wiki/Ridv%C3%A1n" title="Ridván">Ridván</a>' message to the worldwide Baháʼí community,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith2000297-58">[56]</a> that updates Baháʼís on current developments and provides further guidance for the year to come.<a href="#cite_note-59">[c]</a> At local, regional, and national levels, Baháʼís elect members to nine-person <a href="/wiki/Spiritual_Assembly" title="Spiritual Assembly">Spiritual Assemblies</a>, which run the affairs of the religion. There are also <a href="/wiki/Institution_of_the_Counsellors" title="Institution of the Counsellors">appointed individuals</a> working at various levels, including locally and internationally, which perform the function of propagating the teachings and protecting the community. The latter do not serve as clergy, which the Baháʼí Faith does not have.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDaumeWatson1992-27">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith2008160-60">[57]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Universal_House_of_Justice" title="Universal House of Justice">Universal House of Justice</a> remains the supreme governing body of the Baháʼí Faith, and its 9 members are elected every five years by the members of all National Spiritual Assemblies.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWarburg200120-61">[58]</a> Any male Baháʼí, 18 years or older, is eligible to be elected to the Universal House of Justice; all other positions are open to male and female Baháʼís.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith2008205-62">[59]</a> <a href="/wiki/Malietoa_Tanumafili_II" title="Malietoa Tanumafili II">Malietoa Tanumafili II</a> of <a href="/wiki/Samoa" title="Samoa">Samoa</a>, who became Baháʼí in 1968 and died in 2007, was the first serving head of state to embrace the Baháʼí Faith.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHassall2022-63">[60]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Beliefs">Beliefs</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Beliefs">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_teachings" title="Baháʼí teachings">Baháʼí teachings</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bahaitemplesydney.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A white domed building" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Bahaitemplesydney.JPG/170px-Bahaitemplesydney.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="229" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Bahaitemplesydney.JPG/255px-Bahaitemplesydney.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Bahaitemplesydney.JPG/340px-Bahaitemplesydney.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1662" data-file-height="2243" /></a><figcaption>Baháʼí House of Worship in <a href="/wiki/Ingleside,_New_South_Wales" title="Ingleside, New South Wales">Ingleside</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sydney" title="Sydney">Sydney</a>, Australia</figcaption></figure> The teachings of Baháʼu'lláh form the foundation of Baháʼí beliefs. Three principles are central to these teachings: the <a href="/wiki/God_in_the_Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith" title="God in the Baháʼí Faith">unity of God</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith_and_the_unity_of_religion" title="Baháʼí Faith and the unity of religion">unity of religion</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith_and_the_unity_of_humanity" title="Baháʼí Faith and the unity of humanity">unity of humanity</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHutter2005737–740-39">[37]</a> Bahá'ís believe that God periodically reveals his will through divine messengers, whose purpose is to transform the character of humankind and to develop, within those who respond, moral and spiritual qualities. Religion is thus seen as orderly, unified, and progressive from age to age.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith2008108–109-64">[61]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="God">God</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: God">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/God_in_the_Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith" title="God in the Baháʼí Faith">God in the Baháʼí Faith</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Greatest_Name.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Greatest_Name.svg/220px-Greatest_Name.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Greatest_Name.svg/330px-Greatest_Name.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Greatest_Name.svg/440px-Greatest_Name.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1405" data-file-height="994" /></a><figcaption>The Greatest Name is a <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_symbols" title="Baháʼí symbols">Baháʼí symbol</a> for God. It is the <a href="/wiki/Calligraphic" class="mw-redirect" title="Calligraphic">calligraphic</a> rendering of the <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic text</a>: يا بهاء الأبهى, translated as "O Thou Glory of Glories".</figcaption></figure> Baháʼí writings describe a single, personal, inaccessible, omniscient, omnipresent, imperishable, and almighty God who is the creator of all things in the universe.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith2008106-65">[62]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Existence_of_God" title="Existence of God">existence of God</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Universe" title="Universe">universe</a> are thought to be eternal, with no beginning or end.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDaumeWatson1992-27">[25]</a> Even though God is not directly accessible, he is seen as being conscious of creation, with a will and a purpose which is expressed through messengers who are called <a href="/wiki/Manifestation_of_God_(Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith)" title="Manifestation of God (Baháʼí Faith)">Manifestations of God</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith2008106–107,_111–112-66">[63]</a> The Baháʼí conception of <a href="/wiki/God" title="God">God</a> is of an "unknowable essence" who is the source of all existence and known through the perception of human virtues.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] In another sense, Baháʼí teachings on God are also <a href="/wiki/Panentheism" title="Panentheism">panentheistic</a>, seeing signs of God in all things, but the reality of God being exalted and above the physical world.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStockman201333-67">[64]</a> Baháʼí teachings state that God is too great for humans to fully comprehend, and based on them, humans cannot create a complete and accurate image of God by themselves. Therefore, human understanding of God is achieved through the recognition of the person of the Manifestation and through the understanding of his revelations via his Manifestations.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHatcher2005-68">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECole1982-69">[66]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS">better source needed</a>] In the Baháʼí Faith, God is often referred to by titles and attributes (for example, the All-Powerful, or the All-Loving), and there is a substantial emphasis on <a href="/wiki/Monotheism" title="Monotheism">monotheism</a>. Baháʼí teachings state that these attributes do not apply to God directly but are used to translate Godliness into human terms and to help people concentrate on their own attributes in worshipping God to develop their potential on their spiritual path.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHatcher2005-68">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECole1982-69">[66]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS">better source needed</a>] According to the Baháʼí teachings the human purpose is to learn to know and love God through such methods as <a href="/wiki/Prayer_in_the_Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith" title="Prayer in the Baháʼí Faith">prayer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Introspection" title="Introspection">reflection</a>, and being of service to others.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHatcher2005-68">[65]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS">better source needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Religion">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith_and_the_unity_of_religion" title="Baháʼí Faith and the unity of religion">Baháʼí Faith and the unity of religion</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Progressive_revelation_(Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD)" title="Progressive revelation (Baháʼí)">Progressive revelation (Baháʼí)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wilmette_how_side.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A white column with ornate designs carved into it, including a Star of David" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Wilmette_how_side.jpg/170px-Wilmette_how_side.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="232" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Wilmette_how_side.jpg/255px-Wilmette_how_side.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Wilmette_how_side.jpg/340px-Wilmette_how_side.jpg 2x" data-file-width="967" data-file-height="1317" /></a><figcaption>Symbols of many religions on a pillar of the <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_House_of_Worship_(Wilmette,_Illinois)" title="Baháʼí House of Worship (Wilmette, Illinois)">Baháʼí House of Worship</a> in Wilmette, Illinois, U.S.</figcaption></figure> Baháʼí notions of progressive religious revelation result in their accepting the validity of the well known religions of the world, whose founders and central figures are seen as Manifestations of God.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHartz200914-70">[67]</a> Religious history is interpreted as a series of <a href="/wiki/Dispensationalism" title="Dispensationalism">dispensations</a>, where each manifestation brings a somewhat broader and more advanced <a href="/wiki/Revelation" title="Revelation">revelation</a> that is rendered as a text of scripture and passed on through history with greater or lesser reliability but at least true in substance,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStockman201340–42-71">[68]</a> suited for the time and place in which it was expressed.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDaumeWatson1992-27">[25]</a> Specific religious social teachings (for example, the direction of prayer, or dietary restrictions) may be revoked by a subsequent manifestation so that a more appropriate requirement for the time and place may be established. Conversely, certain general principles (for example, neighbourliness, or charity) are seen to be universal and consistent. In Baháʼí belief, this process of progressive revelation will not end; it is, however, believed to be cyclical. Baháʼís do not expect a new manifestation of God to appear within 1000 years of Baháʼu'lláh's revelation.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcMullen20007-72">[69]</a> Baháʼís assert that their religion is a distinct tradition with its own <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_literature" title="Baháʼí literature">scriptures</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_laws" title="Baháʼí laws">laws</a>, and not a sect of another religion.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHartz200924-73">[70]</a> Most religious specialists now see it as an independent religion, with its religious background in <a href="/wiki/Shi%CA%BBa_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Shiʻa Islam">Shiʻa Islam</a> being seen as analogous to the Jewish context in which Christianity was established.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVan_der_Vyer1996449-74">[71]</a> Baháʼís describe their faith as an independent world religion, differing from the other traditions in its relative age and modern context.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELundberg2005-75">[72]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS">better source needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Human_beings">Human beings</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Human beings">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith_and_the_unity_of_humanity" title="Baháʼí Faith and the unity of humanity">Baháʼí Faith and the unity of humanity</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith_on_life_after_death" title="Baháʼí Faith on life after death">Baháʼí Faith on life after death</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ringstone.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A stylized Arabic figure which has intersecting lines that lock around rings and five-pointed stars to either side" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Ringstone.svg/220px-Ringstone.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Ringstone.svg/330px-Ringstone.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Ringstone.svg/440px-Ringstone.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1052" data-file-height="540" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_symbols#Ringstone_symbol" title="Baháʼí symbols">ringstone symbol</a>, representing humanity's connection to God</figcaption></figure> The Baháʼí writings state that human beings have a "rational soul", and that this provides the species with a unique capacity to recognize God's status and humanity's relationship with its creator. Every human is seen to have a duty to recognize God through his <a href="/wiki/Manifestation_of_God_(Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith)" title="Manifestation of God (Baháʼí Faith)">Messengers</a>, and to conform to their teachings.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcMullen200057–58-76">[73]</a> Through recognition and obedience, service to humanity and regular prayer and spiritual practice, the Baháʼí writings state that the soul becomes closer to God, the spiritual ideal in Baháʼí belief. According to Baháʼí belief when a human dies the soul is permanently separated from the body and carries on in the next world where it is judged based on the person's actions in the physical world. Heaven and Hell are taught to be spiritual states of nearness or distance from God that describe relationships in this world and the next, and not physical places of reward and punishment achieved after death.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStockman201345-77">[74]</a> The Baháʼí writings emphasize the essential equality of human beings, and the abolition of prejudice. Humanity is seen as essentially one, though highly varied; its diversity of race and culture are seen as worthy of appreciation and acceptance. Doctrines of racism, nationalism, caste, social class, and gender-based hierarchy are seen as artificial impediments to unity.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHutter2005737–740-39">[37]</a> The Baháʼí teachings state that the unification of humanity is the paramount issue in the religious and political conditions of the present world.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDaumeWatson1992-27">[25]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Social_principles">Social principles</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Social principles">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PikiWiki_Israel_14823_Bahai_Gardens.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/PikiWiki_Israel_14823_Bahai_Gardens.jpg/220px-PikiWiki_Israel_14823_Bahai_Gardens.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/PikiWiki_Israel_14823_Bahai_Gardens.jpg/330px-PikiWiki_Israel_14823_Bahai_Gardens.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/PikiWiki_Israel_14823_Bahai_Gardens.jpg/440px-PikiWiki_Israel_14823_Bahai_Gardens.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Terraces_(Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD)" title="Terraces (Baháʼí)">Baháʼí gardens</a> in <a href="/wiki/Haifa,_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Haifa, Israel">Haifa, Israel</a></figcaption></figure> When <a href="/wiki/%CA%BBAbdu%27l-Bah%C3%A1" title="ʻAbdu'l-Bahá">ʻAbdu'l-Bahá</a> first traveled to Europe and America in 1911–1912, he gave public talks that articulated the basic principles of the Baháʼí Faith.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith200852–53-78">[75]</a> These included preaching on the equality of men and women, race unity, the need for world peace, and other progressive ideas for the early 20th century. Published summaries of the Baháʼí teachings often include a list of these principles, and lists vary in wording and what is included.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIranica-The_Faith1988-79">[76]</a> The concept of the <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith_and_the_unity_of_humanity" title="Baháʼí Faith and the unity of humanity">unity of humankind</a>, seen by Baháʼís as an ancient truth, is the starting point for many of the ideas. The equality of races and the elimination of extremes of wealth and poverty, for example, are implications of that unity.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStockman20139-80">[77]</a> Another outgrowth of the concept is the need for a united world federation, and some practical recommendations to encourage its realization involve the establishment of a universal language, a standard economy and system of measurement, universal compulsory education, and an international court of arbitration to settle disputes between nations.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHartz200921-81">[78]</a> Nationalism, according to this viewpoint, should be abandoned in favor of allegiance to the whole of humankind. With regard to the pursuit of world peace, Baháʼu'lláh prescribed a world-embracing <a href="/wiki/Collective_security" title="Collective security">collective security</a> arrangement.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith2000266–267-82">[79]</a> Other Baháʼí social principles revolve around spiritual unity. Religion is viewed as progressive from age to age, but to recognize a newer revelation one has to abandon tradition and independently investigate. Baháʼís are taught to view religion as a source of unity, and religious prejudice as destructive. Science is also viewed in harmony with true religion.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIranica-The_Faith1988-79">[76]</a> Though Baháʼu'lláh and ʻAbdu'l-Bahá called for a united world that is free of war, they also anticipate that over the long term, the establishment of a lasting peace (The Most Great Peace) and the purging of the "overwhelming Corruptions" requires that the people of the world unite under a universal faith with spiritual virtues and ethics to complement material civilization.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith2000266–267-82">[79]</a> <a href="/wiki/Shoghi_Effendi" title="Shoghi Effendi">Shoghi Effendi</a>, the head of the religion from 1921 to 1957, wrote the following summary of what he considered to be the distinguishing principles of Baháʼu'lláh's teachings, which, he said, together with the laws and ordinances of the <a href="/wiki/Kit%C3%A1b-i-Aqdas" title="Kitáb-i-Aqdas">Kitáb-i-Aqdas</a> constitute the bedrock of the Baháʼí Faith: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">The independent search after truth, unfettered by superstition or tradition; the oneness of the entire human race, the pivotal principle and fundamental doctrine of the Faith; the basic unity of all religions; the condemnation of all forms of prejudice, whether religious, racial, class or national; the harmony which must exist between religion and science; the equality of men and women, the two wings on which the bird of human kind is able to soar; the introduction of compulsory education; the adoption of a <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith_and_auxiliary_language" title="Baháʼí Faith and auxiliary language">universal auxiliary language</a>; the abolition of the extremes of wealth and poverty; the institution of a world tribunal for the adjudication of disputes between nations; the exaltation of work, performed in the spirit of service, to the rank of worship; the glorification of justice as the ruling principle in human society, and of religion as a bulwark for the protection of all peoples and nations; and the establishment of a permanent and universal peace as the supreme goal of all mankind—these stand out as the essential elements [which Baháʼu'lláh proclaimed].<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEffendi1944281–282-83">[80]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdamson2009383–384-84">[81]</a></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Covenant">Covenant</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Covenant">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Covenant_of_Bah%C3%A1%CA%BCu%27ll%C3%A1h" title="Covenant of Baháʼu'lláh">Covenant of Baháʼu'lláh</a></div> Baháʼís highly value unity, and Baháʼu'lláh clearly established rules for holding the community together and resolving disagreements. Within this framework, no individual follower may propose 'inspired' or 'authoritative' interpretations of scripture, and individuals agree to support the line of authority established in Baháʼí scriptures.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHartz200920-85">[82]</a> This practice has left the Baháʼí community unified and free of any serious fracturing.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith2000114-86">[83]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Universal_House_of_Justice" title="Universal House of Justice">Universal House of Justice</a> is the final authority to resolve any disagreements among Baháʼís, and the few <a href="/wiki/Attempted_schisms_in_the_Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith" title="Attempted schisms in the Baháʼí Faith">attempts at schism</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStockman202036–37-87">[84]</a> have all either become extinct or remained extremely small, numbering a few hundred adherents collectively.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIranica-Bahai_and_Babi_Schisms1988448-88">[85]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGallagherAshcraft2006201-89">[86]</a> The followers of such divisions are regarded as <a href="/wiki/Covenant-breaker" title="Covenant-breaker">Covenant-breakers</a> and shunned. <a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith2008173-90">[87]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sacred_texts">Sacred texts</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Sacred texts">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks plainlist" style="width:auto;border:1px solid #060;"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="font-size:150%;"><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_literature" title="Baháʼí literature">Texts and scriptures</a> of the <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Baháʼí Faith</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image" style="padding:0 0.2em 0.8em;"><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_symbols#Nine-pointed_star" title="Baháʼí symbols"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Bahai_star.svg/80px-Bahai_star.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Bahai_star.svg/120px-Bahai_star.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Bahai_star.svg/160px-Bahai_star.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#005e07;color:white;"> From <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BCu%27ll%C3%A1h" title="Baháʼu'lláh">Baháʼu'lláh</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.3em;padding-bottom:0.6em;font-style:italic;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Days_of_Remembrance" title="Days of Remembrance">Days of Remembrance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_the_Son_of_the_Wolf" title="Epistle to the Son of the Wolf">Epistle to the Son of the Wolf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Four_Valleys" title="The Four Valleys">The Four Valleys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gems_of_Divine_Mysteries" title="Gems of Divine Mysteries">Gems of Divine Mysteries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gleanings_from_the_Writings_of_Bah%C3%A1%CA%BCu%27ll%C3%A1h" title="Gleanings from the Writings of Baháʼu'lláh">Gleanings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kit%C3%A1b-i-Aqdas" title="Kitáb-i-Aqdas">Kitáb-i-Aqdas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kit%C3%A1b-i-%C3%8Dq%C3%A1n" title="Kitáb-i-Íqán">Kitáb-i-Íqán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kit%C3%A1b-i-Bad%C3%AD%CA%BB" title="Kitáb-i-Badíʻ">Kitáb-i-Badíʻ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Hidden_Words" class="mw-redirect" title="The Hidden Words">The Hidden Words</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Seven_Valleys" title="The Seven Valleys">The Seven Valleys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Summons_of_the_Lord_of_Hosts" title="Summons of the Lord of Hosts">Summons of the Lord of Hosts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabernacle_of_Unity" title="Tabernacle of Unity">Tabernacle of Unity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tablets_of_Bah%C3%A1%CA%BCu%27ll%C3%A1h_Revealed_After_the_Kit%C3%A1b-i-Aqdas" title="Tablets of Baháʼu'lláh Revealed After the Kitáb-i-Aqdas">Tablets of Baháʼu'lláh</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_writings_of_Bah%C3%A1%CA%BCu%27ll%C3%A1h" class="mw-redirect" title="List of writings of Baháʼu'lláh">List of writings of Baháʼu'lláh</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#005e07;color:white;"> From <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A1b" title="Báb">the Báb</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.3em;padding-bottom:0.6em;font-style:italic;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persian_Bay%C3%A1n" title="Persian Bayán">Persian Bayán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_Bay%C3%A1n" title="Arabic Bayán">Arabic Bayán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selections_from_the_Writings_of_the_B%C3%A1b" title="Selections from the Writings of the Báb">Writings of the Báb</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#005e07;color:white;"> From <a href="/wiki/%CA%BBAbdu%27l-Bah%C3%A1" title="ʻAbdu'l-Bahá">ʻAbdu'l-Bahá</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.3em;padding-bottom:0.6em;font-style:italic;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paris_Talks" title="Paris Talks">Paris Talks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Secret_of_Divine_Civilization" title="The Secret of Divine Civilization">The Secret of Divine Civilization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Some_Answered_Questions" title="Some Answered Questions">Some Answered Questions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tablets_of_the_Divine_Plan" title="Tablets of the Divine Plan">Tablets of the Divine Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tablet_to_Dr._Forel" title="Tablet to Dr. Forel">Tablet to Dr. Forel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tablet_to_The_Hague" title="Tablet to The Hague">Tablet to The Hague</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Will_and_Testament_of_%CA%BBAbdu%27l-Bah%C3%A1" title="Will and Testament of ʻAbdu'l-Bahá">Will and Testament</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#005e07;color:white;"> From <a href="/wiki/Shoghi_Effendi" title="Shoghi Effendi">Shoghi Effendi</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.3em;padding-bottom:0.6em;font-style:italic;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/God_Passes_By" title="God Passes By">God Passes By</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advent_of_Divine_Justice" title="Advent of Divine Justice">Advent of Divine Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Promised_Day_is_Come" title="Promised Day is Come">Promised Day is Come</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_texts_sidebar" title="Template:Baháʼí texts sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_texts_sidebar" title="Template talk:Baháʼí texts sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_texts_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Baháʼí texts sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_literature" title="Baháʼí literature">Baháʼí literature</a></div> The canonical texts of the Baháʼí Faith are the writings of the <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A1b" title="Báb">Báb</a>, Baháʼu'lláh, ʻAbdu'l-Bahá, Shoghi Effendi and the <a href="/wiki/Universal_House_of_Justice" title="Universal House of Justice">Universal House of Justice</a>, and the authenticated talks of ʻAbdu'l-Bahá. The writings of the Báb and Baháʼu'lláh are considered as divine revelation, the writings and talks of ʻAbdu'l-Bahá and the writings of Shoghi Effendi as authoritative interpretation, and those of the Universal House of Justice as authoritative legislation and elucidation. Some measure of divine guidance is assumed for all of these texts.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith2000100–101-91">[88]</a> Some of Baháʼu'lláh's most important writings include the Kitáb-i-Aqdas ("Most Holy Book"), which defines many laws and practices for individuals and society,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHatcherMartin199846-92">[89]</a> the <a href="/wiki/Kit%C3%A1b-i-%C3%8Dq%C3%A1n" title="Kitáb-i-Íqán">Kitáb-i-Íqán</a> ("Book of Certitude"), which became the foundation of much of Baháʼí belief,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHatcherMartin1998137-93">[90]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gems_of_Divine_Mysteries" title="Gems of Divine Mysteries">Gems of Divine Mysteries</a>, which includes further doctrinal foundations. Although the Baháʼí teachings have a strong emphasis on social and ethical issues, a number of foundational texts have been described as <a href="/wiki/Mysticism" title="Mysticism">mystical</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDaumeWatson1992-27">[25]</a> These include the <a href="/wiki/Seven_Valleys" class="mw-redirect" title="Seven Valleys">Seven Valleys</a> and the <a href="/wiki/The_Four_Valleys" title="The Four Valleys">Four Valleys</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith200820-94">[91]</a> The Seven Valleys was written to a follower of <a href="/wiki/Sufism" title="Sufism">Sufism</a>, in the style of <a href="/wiki/Attar_Neyshapuri" class="mw-redirect" title="Attar Neyshapuri">ʻAttar</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Persian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Persian people">Persian</a> Muslim poet,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith2000311-95">[92]</a> and sets forth the stages of the soul's journey towards God. It was first translated into English in 1906, becoming one of the earliest available books of Baháʼu'lláh to the West. <a href="/wiki/Hidden_Words" title="Hidden Words">The Hidden Words</a> is another book written by Baháʼu'lláh during the same period, containing 153 short passages in which Baháʼu'lláh claims to have taken the basic essence of certain spiritual truths and written them in brief form.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith2000181-96">[93]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Demographics">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith_by_country" title="Baháʼí Faith by country">Baháʼí Faith by country</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lotus_Temple_in_New_Delhi_03-2016.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A large temple in the shape of an open lotus flower" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Lotus_Temple_in_New_Delhi_03-2016.jpg/214px-Lotus_Temple_in_New_Delhi_03-2016.jpg" decoding="async" width="214" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Lotus_Temple_in_New_Delhi_03-2016.jpg/321px-Lotus_Temple_in_New_Delhi_03-2016.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Lotus_Temple_in_New_Delhi_03-2016.jpg/428px-Lotus_Temple_in_New_Delhi_03-2016.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5070" data-file-height="3380" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Lotus_Temple" title="Lotus Temple">Lotus Temple</a>, the first <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_House_of_Worship" title="Baháʼí House of Worship">Baháʼí House of Worship</a> of India, built in 1986. It attracts an estimated 4.5 million visitors a year.</figcaption></figure> As of around 2020, there were about 8 million Bahá'ís in the world.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith2022b509-97">[94]</a><a href="#cite_note-wrd-2020-bahais-98">[95]</a> In 2013, two scholars of demography wrote that, "The Baha'i Faith is the only religion to have grown faster in every United Nations region over the past 100 years than the general population; Bahaʼi [sic] was thus the fastest-growing religion between 1910 and 2010, growing at least twice as fast as the population of almost every UN region."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJohnsonGrim2013-99">[96]</a> (See <a href="/wiki/Growth_of_religion" title="Growth of religion">Growth of religion</a>.) <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Baha%27i_Temple_at_Dusk.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Baha%27i_Temple_at_Dusk.jpg/214px-Baha%27i_Temple_at_Dusk.jpg" decoding="async" width="214" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Baha%27i_Temple_at_Dusk.jpg/321px-Baha%27i_Temple_at_Dusk.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Baha%27i_Temple_at_Dusk.jpg/428px-Baha%27i_Temple_at_Dusk.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5889" data-file-height="3931" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_House_of_Worship_(Wilmette,_Illinois)" title="Baháʼí House of Worship (Wilmette, Illinois)">Baháʼí House of Worship</a> in <a href="/wiki/Wilmette,_Illinois" title="Wilmette, Illinois">Wilmette, Illinois</a>, US is the oldest surviving Baháʼí House of Worship in the world.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStausberg201196-100">[97]</a></figcaption></figure> The largest proportions of the total worldwide Bahá'í population<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith2022a510-101">[98]</a> were found in sub-Saharan Africa (29.9%) and South Asia (26.8%), followed by Southeast Asia (12.7%) and Latin America (12.2%). Lesser populations are found in North America (7.6%) and the Middle East/North Africa (6.2%), while the smallest populations in Europe (2.0%), Australasia (1.6%), and Northeast Asia (0.9%). In 2015, the internationally recognized religion was the second-largest international religion in Iran,<a href="#cite_note-102">[99]</a> Panama,<a href="#cite_note-103">[100]</a> Belize,<a href="#cite_note-104">[101]</a> Bolivia,<a href="#cite_note-105">[102]</a> Zambia,<a href="#cite_note-106">[103]</a> and Papua New Guinea;<a href="#cite_note-107">[104]</a> and the third-largest in Chad,<a href="#cite_note-108">[105]</a> and Kenya.<a href="#cite_note-109">[106]</a> From the Bahá'í Faith's origins in the 19th century until the 1950s, the vast majority of Baháʼís were found in Iran; converts from outside Iran were mostly found in India and the Western world.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmithMomen198970–71-110">[107]</a> From having roughly 200,000 Baháʼís in 1950,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith2016-111">[108]</a> the religion grew to have over 4 million by the late 1980s, with a wide international distribution.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmithMomen198970–71-110">[107]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDaumeWatson1988303-112">[109]</a> As of 2008, there were about 110,000 followers in Iran.<a href="#cite_note-113">[110]</a> Most of the growth in the late 20th century was seeded out of North America by means of the planned migration of individuals.<a href="#cite_note-HampsonPhD-114">[111]</a> Yet, rather than being a cultural spread from either Iran or North America, in 2001, sociologist <a href="/wiki/David_B._Barrett" title="David B. Barrett">David B. Barrett</a> wrote that the Baháʼí Faith is, "A world religion with no racial or national focus".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWorld_Christian_Encyclopedia2001-115">[112]</a> However, the growth has not been even. From the late 1920s to the late 1980s, the religion was banned and adherents of it were harassed in the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet</a>-led <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Bloc" title="Eastern Bloc">Eastern Bloc</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Kolarz-116">[113]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMomen1994a-117">[114]</a><a href="#cite_note-hass-118">[115]</a> and then again from the 1970s into the 1990s across some countries in sub-Saharan Africa.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmithMomen1989-53">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-119">[116]</a> The most intense opposition has been in Iran and neighboring <a href="/wiki/Shia_Islam" title="Shia Islam">Shia</a>-majority countries,<a href="#cite_note-120">[117]</a> considered an attempted <a href="/wiki/Genocide" title="Genocide">genocide</a> by some scholars, watchdog agencies and <a href="/wiki/Human_rights" title="Human rights">human rights</a> organizations.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAffolter2005-16">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-121">[118]</a><a href="#cite_note-122">[119]</a><a href="#cite_note-123">[120]</a> Meanwhile, in other times and places, the religion has experienced surges in growth. Before it was banned in certain countries, the religion "hugely increased" in <a href="/wiki/Sub-Saharan_Africa" title="Sub-Saharan Africa">sub-Saharan Africa</a>.<a href="#cite_note-UofC-124">[121]</a> In 1989 the Universal House of Justice named <a href="/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haiti" title="Haiti">Haiti</a>, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liberia" title="Liberia">Liberia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a> as countries where the growth of the religion had been notable in the previous decades.<a href="#cite_note-125">[122]</a> Bahá'í sources claimed "more than five million" Bahá'ís in 1991–92.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaháʼí_World_News_Service1992-126">[123]</a> However, since around 2001 the Universal House of Justice has prioritized statistics of the community by their levels of activity rather than simply their population of avowed adherents or numbers of local assemblies.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStockman2022a565-127">[124]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStockman2022b578-128">[125]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHassal2022588-129">[126]</a> Because Bahá'ís do not represent the majority of the population in any country,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPark2004-130">[127]</a> and most often represent only a tiny fraction of countries' total populations,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAssociation_of_Religion_Data_Archives2010-131">[128]</a> there are problems of <a href="/wiki/Under-reporting" title="Under-reporting">under-reporting</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPew_Global_Religious_Landscape2012-132">[129]</a> In addition, there are examples where the adherents have their highest density among minorities in societies who face their own challenges.<a href="#cite_note-Kolodner-133">[130]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith2022b619-134">[131]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Social_practices">Social practices</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Social practices">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_laws" title="Baháʼí laws">Baháʼí laws</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Exhortations">Exhortations</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Exhortations">edit</a>]</div> The following are a few examples from Baháʼu'lláh's teachings on personal conduct that are required or encouraged of his followers: <ul><li>Baháʼís over the age of 15 should individually recite an <a href="/wiki/Obligatory_Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_prayers" title="Obligatory Baháʼí prayers">obligatory prayer</a> each day, using fixed words and form.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchaefer2002334-135">[132]</a></li> <li>In addition to the daily obligatory prayer, Baháʼís should offer daily devotional prayer and should meditate and study sacred scripture.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith2008161–162-136">[133]</a></li> <li>Adult Baháʼís should observe a <a href="/wiki/Nineteen-Day_Fast" title="Nineteen-Day Fast">Nineteen-Day Fast</a> each year during daylight hours in March, with certain exemptions.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchaefer2002339–340-137">[134]</a></li> <li>There are specific requirements for Baháʼí burial that include a specified prayer to be read at the interment. Embalming or cremating the body is strongly discouraged.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIranica-Burial2020-138">[135]</a></li> <li>Baháʼís should make a 19% voluntary payment on any wealth in excess of what is necessary to live comfortably, after the remittance of any outstanding debt. The payments go to the <a href="/wiki/Universal_House_of_Justice" title="Universal House of Justice">Universal House of Justice</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchaefer2002339–340-137">[134]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prohibitions">Prohibitions</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Prohibitions">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bah%C3%A1%27%C3%AD_gardens_by_David_Shankbone.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Elaborate gardens with several gates and a walkway leading to a domed building in the distance" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Bah%C3%A1%27%C3%AD_gardens_by_David_Shankbone.jpg/220px-Bah%C3%A1%27%C3%AD_gardens_by_David_Shankbone.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Bah%C3%A1%27%C3%AD_gardens_by_David_Shankbone.jpg/330px-Bah%C3%A1%27%C3%AD_gardens_by_David_Shankbone.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Bah%C3%A1%27%C3%AD_gardens_by_David_Shankbone.jpg/440px-Bah%C3%A1%27%C3%AD_gardens_by_David_Shankbone.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Terraces_(Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD)" title="Terraces (Baháʼí)">Baháʼí gardens</a> in <a href="/wiki/Haifa,_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Haifa, Israel">Haifa, Israel</a></figcaption></figure> The following are a few acts of personal conduct that are prohibited or discouraged by Baháʼu'lláh's teachings: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Backbiting" title="Backbiting">Backbiting</a> and gossipping are prohibited and denounced.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchaefer2002330–332-139">[136]</a></li> <li>Drinking and selling <a href="/wiki/Alcohol_(drug)" title="Alcohol (drug)">alcohol</a> are forbidden.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchaefer2002323-140">[137]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_intercourse" title="Sexual intercourse">Sexual intercourse</a> is only permitted between a husband and a wife, and as a result, premarital, extramarital, and homosexual intercourse are all forbidden.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchaefer2002326-141">[138]</a> (See also <a href="/wiki/Homosexuality_and_the_Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith" class="mw-redirect" title="Homosexuality and the Baháʼí Faith">Homosexuality and the Baháʼí Faith</a>)</li> <li>Participation in <a href="/wiki/Partisan_(political)" class="mw-redirect" title="Partisan (political)">partisan</a> politics is forbidden.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcMullen201569,_136,_149,_253–254,_269-142">[139]</a></li> <li>Begging is forbidden as a profession.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith2008154–155-143">[140]</a></li></ul> The observance of personal laws, such as prayer or fasting, is the sole responsibility of the individual.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchaefer2002339-144">[141]</a> There are, however, occasions when a Baháʼí might be administratively expelled from the community for a public disregard of the laws, or gross immorality. Such expulsions are administered by the National Spiritual Assembly and do not involve shunning.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchaefer2002348–349-145">[142]</a> While some of the laws in the Kitáb-i-Aqdas are applicable at the present time, other laws are dependent upon the existence of a predominantly Baháʼí society, such as the punishments for arson and murder.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchaefer2002321–323-146">[143]</a> The laws, when not in direct conflict with the civil laws of the country of residence, are binding on every Baháʼí.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith2008158-147">[144]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchaefer2002312,_315-148">[145]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Marriage">Marriage</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Marriage">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_marriage" title="Baháʼí marriage">Baháʼí marriage</a></div> The purpose of marriage in the Baháʼí Faith is mainly to foster spiritual harmony, fellowship and unity between a man and a woman and to provide a stable and loving environment for the rearing of children.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith2008164–165-149">[146]</a> The Baháʼí teachings on marriage call it a fortress for well-being and salvation and place marriage and the family as the foundation of the structure of <a href="/wiki/Society" title="Society">human society</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith2008164-150">[147]</a> Baháʼu'lláh highly praised marriage, discouraged divorce, and required <a href="/wiki/Chastity" title="Chastity">chastity</a> outside of marriage; Baháʼu'lláh taught that a husband and wife should strive to improve the spiritual life of each other.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMomen2022-151">[148]</a> <a href="/wiki/Interracial_marriage" title="Interracial marriage">Interracial marriage</a> is also highly praised throughout Baháʼí scripture.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith2008164-150">[147]</a> Baháʼís intending to marry are asked to obtain a thorough understanding of the other's character before deciding to marry.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith2008164-150">[147]</a> Although parents should not <a href="/wiki/Arranged_marriage" title="Arranged marriage">choose partners for their children</a>, once two individuals decide to marry, they must receive the consent of all living biological parents, whether they are Baháʼí or not. The Baháʼí marriage ceremony is simple; the only compulsory part of the wedding is the reading of the wedding vows prescribed by Baháʼu'lláh which both the groom and the bride read, in the presence of two witnesses.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith2008164-150">[147]</a> The vows are "We will all, verily, abide by the Will of God."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith2008164-150">[147]</a> Transgender people can gain recognition of their gender in the Baháʼí Faith if they have medically transitioned and undergone <a href="/wiki/Sex_reassignment_surgery" class="mw-redirect" title="Sex reassignment surgery">sex reassignment surgery</a> (SRS). After SRS, they are considered transitioned and may have a Baháʼí marriage.<a href="#cite_note-152">[149]</a><a href="#cite_note-153">[150]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Work">Work</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Work">edit</a>]</div> Baháʼu'lláh prohibited a <a href="/wiki/Mendicancy" class="mw-redirect" title="Mendicancy">mendicant</a> and <a href="/wiki/Asceticism" title="Asceticism">ascetic</a> lifestyle.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith2008154–155-143">[140]</a> <a href="/wiki/Monasticism" title="Monasticism">Monasticism</a> is forbidden, and Baháʼís are taught to practice spirituality while engaging in useful work.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDaumeWatson1992-27">[25]</a> The importance of self-exertion and service to humanity in one's spiritual life is emphasised further in Baháʼu'lláh's writings, where he states that work done in the spirit of service to humanity enjoys a rank equal to that of prayer and worship in the sight of God.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDaumeWatson1992-27">[25]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Places_of_worship">Places of worship</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Places of worship">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_House_of_Worship" title="Baháʼí House of Worship">Baháʼí House of Worship</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:House_of_Worship_Germany_2007.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A white domed building with palm trees in front of it" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/House_of_Worship_Germany_2007.jpg/250px-House_of_Worship_Germany_2007.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/House_of_Worship_Germany_2007.jpg/375px-House_of_Worship_Germany_2007.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/House_of_Worship_Germany_2007.jpg/500px-House_of_Worship_Germany_2007.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Baháʼí House of Worship, <a href="/wiki/Langenhain" title="Langenhain">Langenhain</a>, Germany</figcaption></figure> Bahá'í devotional meetings in most communities currently take place in people's homes or <a href="/wiki/Haziratu%27l-Quds" title="Haziratu'l-Quds">Bahá'í centres</a>, but in some communities Bahá'í Houses of Worship (also known as Bahá'í temples) have been built.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAfnan2022-154">[151]</a> Bahá'í Houses of Worship are places where both Baháʼís and non-Baháʼís can express devotion to God.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWarburg2006492-155">[152]</a> They are also known by the name Mashriqu'l-Adhkár (<a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a> for "Dawning-place of the remembrance of God").<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHassall2012-156">[153]</a> Only the holy scriptures of the Bahá'í Faith and other religions can be read or chanted inside, and while readings and prayers that have been set to music may be sung by choirs, no musical instruments may be played inside.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIranica-Bahai-temples1988-157">[154]</a> Furthermore, no <a href="/wiki/Sermon" title="Sermon">sermons</a> may be delivered, and no ritualistic ceremonies practiced.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIranica-Bahai-temples1988-157">[154]</a> All Bahá'í Houses of Worship have a nine-sided shape (<a href="/wiki/Nonagon" title="Nonagon">nonagon</a>) as well as nine pathways leading outward and nine gardens surrounding them.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIranica-Mašreq_al-Aḏkār2010-158">[155]</a> There are currently eight "continental" Bahá'í Houses of Worship and some local Bahá'í Houses of Worship completed or under construction.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith2022a-50">[48]</a> The Bahá'í writings also envision Bahá'í Houses of Worship being surrounded by institutions for humanitarian, scientific, and educational pursuits,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHassall2012-156">[153]</a> though none has yet been built up to such an extent.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWarburg2006486-159">[156]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Calendar">Calendar</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Calendar">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_calendar" title="Baháʼí calendar">Baháʼí calendar</a></div> The Baháʼí calendar is based upon the calendar established by the <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A1b" title="Báb">Báb</a>. The year consists of 19 months, each having 19 days, with four or five <a href="/wiki/Ayy%C3%A1m-i-H%C3%A1" title="Ayyám-i-Há">intercalary days</a>, to make a full <a href="/wiki/Tropical_year" title="Tropical year">solar year</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHutter2005737–740-39">[37]</a> The Baháʼí New Year corresponds to the traditional Iranian New Year, called <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Naw-R%C3%BAz" title="Baháʼí Naw-Rúz">Naw Rúz</a>, and occurs on the <a href="/wiki/Vernal_equinox_(Northern_Hemisphere)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vernal equinox (Northern Hemisphere)">vernal equinox</a>, near 21 March, at the end of the month of fasting. Once every Baháʼí month there is a gathering of the Baháʼí community called a <a href="/wiki/Nineteen_Day_Feast" title="Nineteen Day Feast">Nineteen Day Feast</a> with three parts: first, a devotional part for prayer and reading from Baháʼí scripture; second, an administrative part for consultation and community matters; and third, a social part for the community to interact freely.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAfnan2022-154">[151]</a> Each of the 19 months is given a name which is an attribute of God; some examples include Baháʼ (Splendour), ʻIlm (Knowledge), and Jamál (Beauty).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith2008188–190-160">[157]</a> The Baháʼí week is familiar in that it consists of seven days, with each day of the week also named after an attribute of God. Baháʼís observe 11 <a href="/wiki/Ascension_of_Bah%C3%A1%CA%BCu%27ll%C3%A1h" class="mw-redirect" title="Ascension of Baháʼu'lláh">Holy Days</a> throughout the year, with work suspended on 9 of these. These days commemorate important anniversaries in the history of the religion.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith2008188-161">[158]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Symbols">Symbols</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Symbols">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_symbols" title="Baháʼí symbols">Baháʼí symbols</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:051907_Wilmette_IMG_1404_The_Greatest_Name.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Arabic script inscribed on a metal plate" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/051907_Wilmette_IMG_1404_The_Greatest_Name.jpg/220px-051907_Wilmette_IMG_1404_The_Greatest_Name.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/051907_Wilmette_IMG_1404_The_Greatest_Name.jpg/330px-051907_Wilmette_IMG_1404_The_Greatest_Name.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/051907_Wilmette_IMG_1404_The_Greatest_Name.jpg/440px-051907_Wilmette_IMG_1404_The_Greatest_Name.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>The calligraphy of the <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_symbols#The_Greatest_Name" title="Baháʼí symbols">Greatest Name</a> on a metal plate</figcaption></figure> The symbols of the religion are derived from the Arabic word Baháʼ (بهاء "splendor" or "glory"), with a <a href="/wiki/Abjad_numerals" title="Abjad numerals">numerical value</a> of nine. This numerical connection to the name of Baháʼu'lláh, as well as nine being the highest single-digit, symbolizing completeness, are why the most common symbol of the religion is a <a href="/wiki/Nine-pointed_star" class="mw-redirect" title="Nine-pointed star">nine-pointed star</a>, and Baháʼí temples are nine-sided.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith2000167–168-162">[159]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHartz200914-70">[67]</a> The nine-pointed star is commonly set on Baháʼí gravestones.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWarburg200139-163">[160]</a> The ringstone symbol and calligraphy of the Greatest Name are also often encountered. The ringstone symbol consists of two five-pointed stars interspersed with a stylized Baháʼ whose shape is meant to recall God, the Manifestation of God, and the world of man;<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWarburg200139-163">[160]</a> the Greatest Name is a <a href="/wiki/Arabic_calligraphy" title="Arabic calligraphy">calligraphic</a> rendering of the phrase Yá Baháʼu'l-Abhá (يا بهاء الأبهى "O Glory of the Most Glorious!") and is commonly found in Baháʼí temples and homes.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWarburg200139-163">[160]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Socio-economic_development">Socio-economic development</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Socio-economic development">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Socioeconomic_development_and_the_Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith" title="Socioeconomic development and the Baháʼí Faith">Socioeconomic development and the Baháʼí Faith</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tarbiyat_School,_Tehran,_ca_1911.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A black-and-white photograph of several dozen girls seated in front of a school building" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Tarbiyat_School%2C_Tehran%2C_ca_1911.jpg/250px-Tarbiyat_School%2C_Tehran%2C_ca_1911.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Tarbiyat_School%2C_Tehran%2C_ca_1911.jpg/375px-Tarbiyat_School%2C_Tehran%2C_ca_1911.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Tarbiyat_School%2C_Tehran%2C_ca_1911.jpg/500px-Tarbiyat_School%2C_Tehran%2C_ca_1911.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2106" data-file-height="1573" /></a><figcaption>Students of School for Girls, <a href="/wiki/Tehran" title="Tehran">Tehran</a>, 13 August 1933. This photograph may be of the students of Tarbiyat School for Girls which was established by the Baháʼí Community of Tehran in 1911; the school was closed by government decree in 1934.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaháʼí_International_Community2005-164">[161]</a></figcaption></figure> Since its inception the Baháʼí Faith has had involvement in <a href="/wiki/Socio-economic_development" class="mw-redirect" title="Socio-economic development">socio-economic development</a> beginning by giving greater freedom to women,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMomen1994b-165">[162]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS">better source needed</a>] promulgating the promotion of female education as a priority concern,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKingdon1997-166">[163]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS">better source needed</a>] and that involvement was given practical expression by creating schools, agricultural co-ops, and clinics.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMomen1994b-165">[162]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS">better source needed</a>] The religion entered a new phase of activity when a message from the Universal House of Justice dated 20 October 1983 was released. Baháʼís were urged to seek out ways, compatible with the Baháʼí teachings, in which they could become involved in the social and economic development of the communities in which they lived. Worldwide in 1979 there were 129 officially recognized Baháʼí socio-economic development projects. By 1987, the number of officially recognized development projects had increased to 1,482.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmithMomen1989-53">[51]</a> Current initiatives of social action include activities in areas like health, sanitation, education, gender equality, arts and media, agriculture, and the environment.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaháʼí_Office_of_Social_and_Economic_Development2018-167">[164]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS">better source needed</a>] Educational projects include schools, which range from village tutorial schools to large secondary schools, and some universities.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMomen2007-168">[165]</a> By 2017, the Baháʼí Office of Social and Economic Development estimated that there were 40,000 small-scale projects, 1,400 sustained projects, and 135 Baháʼí-inspired organizations.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaháʼí_Office_of_Social_and_Economic_Development2018-167">[164]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_Nations">United Nations</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: United Nations">edit</a>]</div> Baháʼu'lláh wrote of the need for <a href="/wiki/World_government" title="World government">world government</a> in this age of humanity's collective life. Because of this emphasis the international Baháʼí community has chosen to support efforts of improving <a href="/wiki/International_relations" title="International relations">international relations</a> through organizations such as the <a href="/wiki/League_of_Nations" title="League of Nations">League of Nations</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a>, with some reservations about the present structure and constitution of the UN.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMomen2007-168">[165]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_International_Community" title="Baháʼí International Community">Baháʼí International Community</a> is an agency under the direction of the Universal House of Justice in Haifa, and has consultative status with the following organizations:<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcMullen200039-169">[166]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaháʼí_International_Community2000-170">[167]</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/UNICEF" title="UNICEF">United Nations Children's Fund</a> (UNICEF)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Development_Fund_for_Women" title="United Nations Development Fund for Women">United Nations Development Fund for Women</a> (UNIFEM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Economic_and_Social_Council" title="United Nations Economic and Social Council">United Nations Economic and Social Council</a> (ECOSOC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Environment_Programme" title="United Nations Environment Programme">United Nations Environment Programme</a> (UNEP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a> (WHO)</li></ul> The Baháʼí International Community has offices at the United Nations in New York and <a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva</a> and representations to United Nations regional commissions and other offices in <a href="/wiki/Addis_Ababa" title="Addis Ababa">Addis Ababa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok">Bangkok</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nairobi" title="Nairobi">Nairobi</a>, Rome, <a href="/wiki/Santiago" title="Santiago">Santiago</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaháʼí_International_Community2000-170">[167]</a> In recent years, an Office of the Environment and an Office for the Advancement of Women were established as part of its United Nations Office. The Baháʼí Faith has also undertaken joint development programs with various other United Nations agencies. In the 2000 <a href="/wiki/Millennium_Development_Goals" title="Millennium Development Goals">Millennium Forum</a> of the United Nations a Baháʼí was invited as one of the only non-governmental speakers during the summit.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaháʼí_World_News_Service2000-171">[168]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS">better source needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Persecution">Persecution</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Persecution">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%ADs" title="Persecution of Baháʼís">Persecution of Baháʼís</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cemetery_of_yazd.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Broken cinder blocks and felled palm trees" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Cemetery_of_yazd.jpg/220px-Cemetery_of_yazd.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Cemetery_of_yazd.jpg/330px-Cemetery_of_yazd.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Cemetery_of_yazd.jpg/440px-Cemetery_of_yazd.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>The Baháʼí cemetery in <a href="/wiki/Yazd" title="Yazd">Yazd</a> after its desecration by the Iranian government</figcaption></figure> Baháʼís continue to be persecuted in some majority-Islamic countries, whose leaders do not recognize the Baháʼí Faith as an independent religion, but rather as <a href="/wiki/Apostasy_from_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Apostasy from Islam">apostasy from Islam</a>. The most severe persecutions have occurred in Iran, where more than 200 Baháʼís were executed between 1978 and 1998.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEInternational_Federation_of_Human_Rights2003-172">[169]</a> The rights of Baháʼís have been restricted to greater or lesser extents in numerous other countries, including Egypt, Afghanistan,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEInternational_Religious_Freedom_Report2013[https2009-2017stategovjdrlrlsirfreligiousfreedomindexhtmyear2013dlid222323_Afghanistan]-173">[170]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS">better source needed</a>] Indonesia,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEInternational_Religious_Freedom_Report2013[https2009-2017stategovjdrlrlsirfreligiousfreedomindexhtmyear2013dlid222133_Indonesia]-174">[171]</a> Iraq,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEInternational_Religious_Freedom_Report2013[https2009-2017stategovjdrlrlsirfreligiousfreedomindexhtmyear2013dlid222291_Iraq]-175">[172]</a> Morocco,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEInternational_Religious_Freedom_Report2013[https2009-2017stategovjdrlrlsirfreligiousfreedomindexhtmyear2013dlid222305_Morocco]-176">[173]</a> Yemen,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaháʼí_World_News_Service2017-177">[174]</a> and several countries in sub-Saharan Africa.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmithMomen1989-53">[51]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Iran">Iran</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Iran">edit</a>]</div> The most enduring persecution of Baháʼís has been in Iran, the birthplace of the religion.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHartz2009125–127-178">[175]</a> When the Báb started attracting a large following, the clergy hoped to stop the movement from spreading by stating that its followers were enemies of God. These clerical directives led to mob attacks and public executions.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAffolter2005-16">[14]</a> Starting in the twentieth century, in addition to repression aimed at individual Baháʼís, centrally directed campaigns that targeted the entire Baháʼí community and its institutions were initiated.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIran_Human_Rights_Documentation_Center2006-179">[176]</a> In one case in Yazd in 1903 more than 100 Baháʼís were killed.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENash1982-180">[177]</a> Baháʼí schools, such as the Tarbiyat boys' and girls' schools in Tehran, were closed in the 1930s and 1940s, Baháʼí marriages were not recognized and Baháʼí texts were censored.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIran_Human_Rights_Documentation_Center2006-179">[176]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESanasarian200052–53-181">[178]</a> During the reign of <a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Reza_Pahlavi" title="Mohammad Reza Pahlavi">Mohammad Reza Pahlavi</a>, to divert attention from economic difficulties in Iran and from a growing nationalist movement, a campaign of persecution against the Baháʼís was instituted.<a href="#cite_note-183">[d]</a> An approved and coordinated anti-Baháʼí campaign (to incite public passion against the Baháʼís) started in 1955 and it included the spreading of anti-Baháʼí propaganda on national radio stations and in official newspapers.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIran_Human_Rights_Documentation_Center2006-179">[176]</a> During that campaign, initiated by Mulla Muhammad Taghi Falsafi, the Bahá'í center in Tehran was demolished at the orders of Tehran military governor, General <a href="/wiki/Teymur_Bakhtiar" title="Teymur Bakhtiar">Teymur Bakhtiar</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_New_York_Times''1955-184">[180]</a> In the late 1970s the Shah's regime consistently lost legitimacy due to criticism that it was pro-Western. As the anti-Shah movement gained ground and support, revolutionary propaganda was spread which alleged that some of the Shah's advisors were Baháʼís.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAbrahamian1982432-185">[181]</a> Baháʼís were portrayed as economic threats, and as supporters of Israel and the West, and societal hostility against the Baháʼís increased.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIran_Human_Rights_Documentation_Center2006-179">[176]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESimpsonShubart1995223-186">[182]</a> Since the <a href="/wiki/Iranian_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian Revolution">Islamic Revolution</a> of 1979, Iranian Baháʼís have regularly had their homes ransacked or have been banned from attending university or from holding government jobs, and several hundred have received prison sentences for their religious beliefs, most recently for participating in study circles.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEInternational_Federation_of_Human_Rights2003-172">[169]</a> Baháʼí cemeteries have been desecrated and property has been seized and occasionally demolished, including the House of Mírzá Buzurg, Baháʼu'lláh's father.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAffolter2005-16">[14]</a> The House of the Báb in <a href="/wiki/Shiraz,_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Shiraz, Iran">Shiraz</a>, one of three sites to which Baháʼís perform pilgrimage, has been destroyed twice.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAffolter2005-16">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENetherlands_Institute_of_Human_Rights2006-187">[183]</a> In May 2018, the Iranian authorities expelled a young woman student from university of <a href="/wiki/Isfahan" title="Isfahan">Isfahan</a> because she was Baháʼí.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECenter_for_Human_Rights_in_Iran2018-188">[184]</a> In March 2018, two more Baháʼí students were expelled from universities in the cities of <a href="/wiki/Zanjan,_Iran" title="Zanjan, Iran">Zanjan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gilan_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Gilan Province">Gilan</a> because of their religion. According to a US panel, attacks on Baháʼís in Iran increased under <a href="/wiki/Mahmoud_Ahmadinejad" title="Mahmoud Ahmadinejad">Mahmoud Ahmadinejad</a>'s presidency.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECNN2008-189">[185]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESullivan2009-190">[186]</a> The <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Commission_on_Human_Rights" title="United Nations Commission on Human Rights">United Nations Commission on Human Rights</a> revealed an October 2005 confidential letter from Command Headquarters of the Armed Forces of Iran ordering its members to identify Baháʼís and to monitor their activities. Due to these actions, the <a href="/wiki/Special_Rapporteur_(UN)" class="mw-redirect" title="Special Rapporteur (UN)">Special Rapporteur</a> of the United Nations Commission on Human Rights stated on 20 March 2006, that she "also expresses concern that the information gained as a result of such monitoring will be used as a basis for the increased persecution of, and discrimination against, members of the Baháʼí faith, in violation of international standards. The Special Rapporteur is concerned that this latest development indicates that the situation with regard to religious minorities in Iran is, in fact, deteriorating."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJahangir2006-191">[187]</a> On 14 May 2008, members of an informal body known as the "Friends" that oversaw the needs of the Baháʼí community in Iran were arrested and taken to <a href="/wiki/Evin_prison" class="mw-redirect" title="Evin prison">Evin prison</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECNN2008-189">[185]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIran_Human_Rights_Documentation_Center2008b-192">[188]</a> The Friends court case has been postponed several times, but was finally underway on 12 January 2010.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECNN2010a-193">[189]</a> Other observers were not allowed in the court. Even the defense lawyers, who for two years have had minimal access to the defendants, had difficulty entering the courtroom. The chairman of the U.S. Commission on International Religious Freedom said that it seems that the government has already predetermined the outcome of the case and is violating international human rights law.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECNN2010a-193">[189]</a> Further sessions were held on 7 February 2010,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWashington_TV2010-194">[190]</a> 12 April 2010<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDjavadi2010-195">[191]</a> and 12 June 2010.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERadio_Free_Europe2010-196">[192]</a> On 11 August 2010 it became known that the court sentence was 20 years imprisonment for each of the seven prisoners<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESiegal2010-197">[193]</a> which was later reduced to ten years.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECNN2010b-198">[194]</a> After the sentence, they were transferred to <a href="/wiki/Gohardasht_prison" class="mw-redirect" title="Gohardasht prison">Gohardasht prison</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAFP2011a-199">[195]</a> In March 2011 the sentences were reinstated to the original 20 years.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAFP2011b-200">[196]</a> On 3 January 2010, Iranian authorities detained ten more members of the Baha'i minority, reportedly including Leva Khanjani, granddaughter of Jamaloddin Khanjani, one of seven Baha'i leaders jailed since 2008 and in February, they arrested his son, Niki Khanjani.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_Jerusalem_Post2010-201">[197]</a> The Iranian government claims that the Baháʼí Faith is not a religion, but is instead a political organization, and hence refuses to recognize it as a minority religion.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKravetz1982237-202">[198]</a> However, the government has never produced convincing evidence supporting its characterization of the Baháʼí community.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIran_Human_Rights_Documentation_Center20085-203">[199]</a> The Iranian government also accuses the Baháʼí Faith of being associated with <a href="/wiki/Zionism" title="Zionism">Zionism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-205">[e]</a> These accusations against the Baháʼís appear to lack basis in historical fact,<a href="#cite_note-206">[f]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESimpsonShubart1995223-186">[182]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETavakoli-Targhi2008200-207">[201]</a> with some arguing they were invented by the Iranian government in order to use the Baháʼís as <a href="/wiki/Scapegoating" title="Scapegoating">scapegoats</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFreedman2009-208">[202]</a> In 2019, the Iranian government made it impossible for the Baháʼís to legally register with the Iranian state. National identity card applications in Iran no longer include the “other religions” option effectively making the Baháʼí Faith unrecognized by the state.<a href="#cite_note-209">[203]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Egypt">Egypt</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Egypt">edit</a>]</div> During the 1920s, Egypt's religious Tribunal recognized the Baha'i Faith as a new religion, independent from Islam, due to the nature of the 'laws, principles and beliefs' of the Baha'is.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Baháʼí institutions and community activities have been illegal under Egyptian law since 1960. All Baháʼí community properties, including Baháʼí centers, libraries, and cemeteries, have been confiscated by the government and <a href="/wiki/Fatwa" title="Fatwa">fatwas</a> have been issued charging Baháʼís with <a href="/wiki/Apostasy" title="Apostasy">apostasy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEInternational_Religious_Freedom_Report2013[https2009-2017stategovjdrlrlsirfreligiousfreedomindexhtmyear2013dlid222287_Egypt]-210">[204]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_identification_card_controversy" title="Egyptian identification card controversy">Egyptian identification card controversy</a> began in the 1990s when the government modernized the electronic processing of <a href="/wiki/Identity_documents" class="mw-redirect" title="Identity documents">identity documents</a>, which introduced a de facto requirement that documents must list the person's religion as Muslim, Christian, or Jewish (the only three religions officially recognized by the government). Consequently, Baháʼís were unable to obtain government identification documents (such as national identification cards, birth certificates, death certificates, marriage or divorce certificates, or passports) necessary to exercise their rights in their country unless they lied about their religion, which conflicts with Baháʼí religious principle. Without documents, they could not be employed, educated, treated in hospitals, travel outside of the country, or vote, among other hardships.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBigelow2005-211">[205]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS">better source needed</a>] Following a protracted legal process culminating in a court ruling favorable to the Baháʼís, the interior minister of Egypt released a decree on 14 April 2009, amending the law to allow Egyptians who are not Muslim, Christian, or Jewish to obtain identification documents that list a dash in place of one of the three recognized religions.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaháʼí_World_News_Service2009a-212">[206]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS">better source needed</a>] The first identification cards were issued to two Baháʼís under the new decree on 8 August 2009.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaháʼí_World_News_Service2009b-213">[207]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS">better source needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_administration" title="Baháʼí administration">Baháʼí administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD%E2%80%93Azali_split" title="Baháʼí–Azali split">Baháʼí–Azali split</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_cosmology" title="Baháʼí cosmology">Baháʼí cosmology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith_and_gender_equality" title="Baháʼí Faith and gender equality">Baháʼí Faith and gender equality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith_in_fiction" title="Baháʼí Faith in fiction">Baháʼí Faith in fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_studies" title="Baháʼí studies">Baháʼí studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_timeline" title="Baháʼí timeline">Baháʼí timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_revelation_(Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD)" title="Progressive revelation (Baháʼí)">Progressive revelation (Baháʼí)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_views_on_science" title="Baháʼí views on science">Baháʼí views on science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_World_Centre_buildings" title="Baháʼí World Centre buildings">Baháʼí World Centre buildings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_the_Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith" title="Criticism of the Baháʼí Faith">Criticism of the Baháʼí Faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huq%C3%BAqu%27ll%C3%A1h" title="Huqúqu'lláh">Huqúqu'lláh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%ADs" title="List of Baháʼís">List of Baháʼís</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_writings_of_Bah%C3%A1%CA%BCu%27ll%C3%A1h" class="mw-redirect" title="List of writings of Baháʼu'lláh">List of writings of Baháʼu'lláh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith" title="Outline of the Baháʼí Faith">Outline of the Baháʼí Faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terraces_(Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD)" title="Terraces (Baháʼí)">Terraces (Baháʼí)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Religion_Day" title="World Religion Day">World Religion Day</a></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> The Baháʼí Faith is variously described as a 'religion', 'sect',<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWorld_Christian_Encyclopedia1982817-2">[2]</a> 'relatively new religion',<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarrett2001244-3">[3]</a> '<a href="/wiki/World_religion" class="mw-redirect" title="World religion">world religion</a>',<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIranica-Bahaism1988-4">[4]</a> 'major world religion',<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarrett2001248-5">[5]</a> 'megareligion',<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWorld_Christian_Encyclopedia20012:4-6">[6]</a> 'independent world religion',<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHartz20098-7">[7]</a> '<a href="/wiki/New_religious_movement" title="New religious movement">new religious movement</a>',<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClarke2006-8">[8]</a> 'alternative religion',<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarrett200124-9">[9]</a> and other attempts to convey that it is new (relative to well-established faiths), not mainstream, and with no racial or national focus. </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> Sources summarize the Baháʼí Faith as teaching, "the essential worth of all religions, the unity of all peoples, and the equality of the sexes",<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDictionary.com2017-11">[10]</a> "the essential unity of all religions and the unity of humanity",<a href="#cite_note-12">[11]</a> "the spiritual unity of mankind and advocates peace and universal education",<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWorld_Christian_Encyclopedia20012:653-13">[12]</a> "the unity of all peoples under God",<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarrett2001248-5">[5]</a> or "religious unity... the Oneness of Humanity... the equality of all human beings regardless of race, ethnicity, gender, or social class".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGarlington2008xxii–xxiii-14">[13]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> All Ridván messages can be found at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bahai.org/library/authoritative-texts/the-universal-house-of-justice/messages">Bahai.org</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-183"><a href="#cite_ref-183">^</a> In line with this is the thinking that the government encouraged the campaign to distract attention from more serious problems, including acute economic difficulties. Beyond this lay the difficulty that the regime faced in harnessing the nationalist movement that had supported Musaddiq.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAkhavi198076–78-182">[179]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-205"><a href="#cite_ref-205">^</a> A spokesman for the Iranian Embassy in Argentina explained that the exclusion was prompted by the fact that the Bahá’ís were a "misguided group… whose affiliation and association with world Zionism is a clear fact" and who could not be "in the same category as minorities like the Christian, Jews and Zoroastrians."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIran_Human_Rights_Documentation_Center200622,_n._148-204">[200]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-206"><a href="#cite_ref-206">^</a> The Iranian leader <a href="/wiki/Naser_al-Din_Shah_Qajar" title="Naser al-Din Shah Qajar">Naser al-Din Shah Qajar</a> banished Baháʼu'lláh from Iran to the Ottoman Empire, from where he was later exiled by the Ottoman Sultan, at the behest of the Iranian Shah to territories further from Iran and finally to <a href="/wiki/Acre,_Israel" title="Acre, Israel">Acre</a>, which only a century later was incorporated into the state of <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>. </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Citations">Citations</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Citations">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 24em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith200071–72-1"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith200071–72_1-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSmith2000">Smith 2000</a>, pp. 71–72: "Baháʼí World Centre" </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWorld_Christian_Encyclopedia1982817-2"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWorld_Christian_Encyclopedia1982817_2-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWorld_Christian_Encyclopedia1982">World Christian Encyclopedia 1982</a>, p. 817. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarrett2001244-3"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarrett2001244_3-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBarrett2001">Barrett 2001</a>, p. 244. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEIranica-Bahaism1988-4"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIranica-Bahaism1988_4-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFIranica-Bahaism1988">Iranica-Bahaism 1988</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarrett2001248-5">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarrett2001248_5-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarrett2001248_5-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFBarrett2001">Barrett 2001</a>, p. 248. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWorld_Christian_Encyclopedia20012:4-6"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWorld_Christian_Encyclopedia20012:4_6-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWorld_Christian_Encyclopedia2001">World Christian Encyclopedia 2001</a>, p. 2:4. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHartz20098-7"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHartz20098_7-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHartz2009">Hartz 2009</a>, p. 8. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEClarke2006-8"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClarke2006_8-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFClarke2006">Clarke 2006</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarrett200124-9"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarrett200124_9-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBarrett2001">Barrett 2001</a>, p. 24. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDictionary.com2017-11"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDictionary.com2017_11-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDictionary.com2017">Dictionary.com 2017</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Bahai-Faith">"Bahāʾī Faith"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a>. Retrieved 29 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Bah%C4%81%CA%BE%C4%AB+Faith&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2FBahai-Faith&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD+Faith" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWorld_Christian_Encyclopedia20012:653-13"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWorld_Christian_Encyclopedia20012:653_13-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWorld_Christian_Encyclopedia2001">World Christian Encyclopedia 2001</a>, p. 2:653. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGarlington2008xxii–xxiii-14"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGarlington2008xxii–xxiii_14-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGarlington2008">Garlington 2008</a>, pp. xxii–xxiii. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAffolter2005-16">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAffolter2005_16-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAffolter2005_16-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAffolter2005_16-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAffolter2005_16-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAffolter2005_16-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAffolter2005_16-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAffolter2005_16-6">g</a> <a href="#CITEREFAffolter2005">Affolter 2005</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHatcherMartin1998-17"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHatcherMartin1998_17-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHatcherMartin1998">Hatcher & Martin 1998</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMomen2011-18"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMomen2011_18-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMomen2011">Momen 2011</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStockman20131-19">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStockman20131_19-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStockman20131_19-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFStockman2013">Stockman 2013</a>, p. 1. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHatcherMartin1998xiii-20"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHatcherMartin1998xiii_20-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHatcherMartin1998">Hatcher & Martin 1998</a>, p. xiii. </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dictionary.com/browse/bahai">"Bahaʾi"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Random_House_Webster%27s_Unabridged_Dictionary" title="Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary">Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHartz200911-22"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHartz200911_22-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHartz2009">Hartz 2009</a>, p. 11. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEA.V.2017-23"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEA.V.2017_23-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFA.V.2017">A.V. 2017</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> From a letter written on behalf of Shoghi Effendi to an individual believer dated 9 June 1932[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETaherzadeh1987125-25"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaherzadeh1987125_25-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTaherzadeh1987">Taherzadeh 1987</a>, p. 125. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith200856-26"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith200856_26-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSmith2008">Smith 2008</a>, p. 56. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDaumeWatson1992-27">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaumeWatson1992_27-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaumeWatson1992_27-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaumeWatson1992_27-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaumeWatson1992_27-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaumeWatson1992_27-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaumeWatson1992_27-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaumeWatson1992_27-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaumeWatson1992_27-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaumeWatson1992_27-8">i</a> <a href="#CITEREFDaumeWatson1992">Daume & Watson 1992</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacEoin2009414-28"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacEoin2009414_28-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMacEoin2009">MacEoin 2009</a>, p. 414. </li> <li 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The Guardian. London, UK. 3 November 1852. p. 2. Retrieved 6 September 2022 – via Newspapers.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Persia+%E2%80%93+The+Journal+de+Constantinople&rft.pages=2&rft.date=1852-11-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F10893156%2Fhundreds_of_babis_executed_babibahai%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD+Faith" class="Z3988">  • <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newspapers.com/clip/871886/hundreds_of_babis_killed_following/">"Persia"</a>. The Sun. Baltimore, MD. 17 November 1852. p. 1. Retrieved 6 September 2022 – via Newspapers.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Sun&rft.atitle=Persia&rft.pages=1&rft.date=1852-11-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F871886%2Fhundreds_of_babis_killed_following%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD+Faith" class="Z3988">  • <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/search/results?basicsearch=%22babs%20was%20awful%2C%20and%20that%2020%2C000%20or%2030%2C000%22&phrasesearch=%22babs%20was%20awful%2C%20and%20that%2020%2C000%20or%2030%2C000%22&sortorder=score&o=date&d=asc">"Turkey"</a>. London Standard. London, UK. 20 December 1852. p. 3. Retrieved 6 September 2022 – via BritishNewspaperArchive.co.uk.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=London+Standard&rft.atitle=Turkey&rft.pages=3&rft.date=1852-12-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk%2Fsearch%2Fresults%3Fbasicsearch%3D%2522babs%2520was%2520awful%252C%2520and%2520that%252020%252C000%2520or%252030%252C000%2522%26phrasesearch%3D%2522babs%2520was%2520awful%252C%2520and%2520that%252020%252C000%2520or%252030%252C000%2522%26sortorder%3Dscore%26o%3Ddate%26d%3Dasc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD+Faith" class="Z3988">(subscription required) </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWarburg2006146–147-38"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWarburg2006146–147_38-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWarburg2006">Warburg 2006</a>, pp. 146–147. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHutter2005737–740-39">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHutter2005737–740_39-0">a</a> <a 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St. Martin's Press. pp. 470–473. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/254603830">254603830</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Religion+in+the+Soviet+Union&rft.series=Armenian+Research+Center+collection&rft.pages=470-473&rft.pub=St.+Martin%27s+Press&rft.date=1962&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F254603830&rft.aulast=Kolarz&rft.aufirst=Walter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD+Faith" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMomen1994a-117"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMomen1994a_117-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMomen1994a">Momen 1994a</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-hass-118"><a href="#cite_ref-hass_118-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHassall1992" class="citation journal cs1">Hassall, Graham (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110706164853/http://bahai-studies.ca/journal/files/jbs/5.3%20Hassall.pdf">"Notes on the Bábí and Baháʼí Religions in Russia and its Territories"</a> (PDF). 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Retrieved 21 July 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD+Studies&rft.atitle=Notes+on+the+B%C3%A1b%C3%AD+and+Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD+Religions+in+Russia+and+its+Territories&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=3&rft.date=1992&rft.aulast=Hassall&rft.aufirst=Graham&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbahai-studies.ca%2Fjournal%2Ffiles%2Fjbs%2F5.3%2520Hassall.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD+Faith" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFcompiled_by_Wagner" class="citation web cs1">compiled by Wagner, Ralph D. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bahai-library.com/documents/hr/hr-niger.htm">"NIGER"</a>. Synopsis of References to the Baháʼí Faith, in the US State Department's Reports on Human Rights 1991–2000. Baháʼí Library Online. Retrieved 4 May 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Synopsis+of+References+to+the+Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD+Faith%2C+in+the+US+State+Department%27s+Reports+on+Human+Rights+1991%E2%80%932000&rft.atitle=NIGER&rft.aulast=compiled+by+Wagner&rft.aufirst=Ralph+D.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbahai-library.com%2Fdocuments%2Fhr%2Fhr-niger.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD+Faith" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a> For one recent published study see: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorlock2021" class="citation journal cs1">Morlock, Naghme Naseri (6 December 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.33972%2Fjhs.201">"Religious Persecution & Oppression: A Study of Iranian Baha'ís' Strategies of Survival"</a>. 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href="#CITEREFNetherlands_Institute_of_Human_Rights2006">Netherlands Institute of Human Rights 2006</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECenter_for_Human_Rights_in_Iran2018-188"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECenter_for_Human_Rights_in_Iran2018_188-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCenter_for_Human_Rights_in_Iran2018">Center for Human Rights in Iran 2018</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECNN2008-189">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECNN2008_189-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECNN2008_189-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFCNN2008">CNN 2008</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESullivan2009-190"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESullivan2009_190-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSullivan2009">Sullivan 2009</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJahangir2006-191"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJahangir2006_191-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFJahangir2006">Jahangir 2006</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEIran_Human_Rights_Documentation_Center2008b-192"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIran_Human_Rights_Documentation_Center2008b_192-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFIran_Human_Rights_Documentation_Center2008b">Iran Human Rights Documentation Center 2008b</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECNN2010a-193">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECNN2010a_193-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECNN2010a_193-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFCNN2010a">CNN 2010a</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWashington_TV2010-194"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWashington_TV2010_194-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWashington_TV2010">Washington TV 2010</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDjavadi2010-195"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDjavadi2010_195-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDjavadi2010">Djavadi 2010</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERadio_Free_Europe2010-196"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERadio_Free_Europe2010_196-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRadio_Free_Europe2010">Radio Free Europe 2010</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESiegal2010-197"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESiegal2010_197-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSiegal2010">Siegal 2010</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECNN2010b-198"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECNN2010b_198-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCNN2010b">CNN 2010b</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAFP2011a-199"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAFP2011a_199-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAFP2011a">AFP 2011a</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAFP2011b-200"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAFP2011b_200-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAFP2011b">AFP 2011b</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_Jerusalem_Post2010-201"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_Jerusalem_Post2010_201-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFThe_Jerusalem_Post2010">The Jerusalem Post 2010</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKravetz1982237-202"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKravetz1982237_202-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKravetz1982">Kravetz 1982</a>, p. 237. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEIran_Human_Rights_Documentation_Center20085-203"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIran_Human_Rights_Documentation_Center20085_203-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFIran_Human_Rights_Documentation_Center2008">Iran Human Rights Documentation Center 2008</a>, p. 5. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEIran_Human_Rights_Documentation_Center200622,_n._148-204"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIran_Human_Rights_Documentation_Center200622,_n._148_204-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFIran_Human_Rights_Documentation_Center2006">Iran Human Rights Documentation Center 2006</a>, p. 22, n. 148. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETavakoli-Targhi2008200-207"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETavakoli-Targhi2008200_207-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTavakoli-Targhi2008">Tavakoli-Targhi 2008</a>, p. 200. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFreedman2009-208"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFreedman2009_208-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFreedman2009">Freedman 2009</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-209"><a href="#cite_ref-209">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dw.com/en/iran-id-card-rule-highlights-plight-of-bahai/a-52149974">"ID card law in Iran highlights plight of Baha'i – DW – 01/25/2020"</a>. dw.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=dw.com&rft.atitle=ID+card+law+in+Iran+highlights+plight+of+Baha%27i+%E2%80%93+DW+%E2%80%93+01%2F25%2F2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw.com%2Fen%2Firan-id-card-rule-highlights-plight-of-bahai%2Fa-52149974&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD+Faith" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEInternational_Religious_Freedom_Report2013[https2009-2017stategovjdrlrlsirfreligiousfreedomindexhtmyear2013dlid222287_Egypt]-210"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEInternational_Religious_Freedom_Report2013[https2009-2017stategovjdrlrlsirfreligiousfreedomindexhtmyear2013dlid222287_Egypt]_210-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFInternational_Religious_Freedom_Report2013">International Religious Freedom Report 2013</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/irf/religiousfreedom/index.htm?year=2013&dlid=222287">Egypt</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBigelow2005-211"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBigelow2005_211-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBigelow2005">Bigelow 2005</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaháʼí_World_News_Service2009a-212"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaháʼí_World_News_Service2009a_212-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBaháʼí_World_News_Service2009a">Baháʼí World News Service 2009a</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaháʼí_World_News_Service2009b-213"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaháʼí_World_News_Service2009b_213-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBaháʼí_World_News_Service2009b">Baháʼí World News Service 2009b</a>. </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Books">Books</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Books">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-hanging-indents refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 24em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbrahamian1982" class="citation book cs1">Abrahamian, Ervand (1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/iranbetweentwore00abra_0">Iran Between Two Revolutions</a>. Princeton Book Company Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-691-10134-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-691-10134-5"><bdi>0-691-10134-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Iran+Between+Two+Revolutions&rft.pub=Princeton+Book+Company+Publishers&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=0-691-10134-5&rft.aulast=Abrahamian&rft.aufirst=Ervand&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Firanbetweentwore00abra_0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD+Faith" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdamson2009" class="citation book cs1">Adamson, Hugh C. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/atozofbahaifaith0000adam">The A to Z of the Baháʼí Faith</a>. The A to Z Guide Series, No. 70. Plymouth, UK: Scarecrow Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-6853-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-6853-3"><bdi>978-0-8108-6853-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+A+to+Z+of+the+Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD+Faith&rft.place=Plymouth%2C+UK&rft.series=The+A+to+Z+Guide+Series%2C+No.+70&rft.pub=Scarecrow+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-8108-6853-3&rft.aulast=Adamson&rft.aufirst=Hugh+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fatozofbahaifaith0000adam&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD+Faith" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAfnan2022" class="citation book cs1">Afnan, Elham (2022). "Ch. 39: Devotional Life". In <a href="/wiki/Robert_Stockman" title="Robert Stockman">Stockman, Robert H.</a> (ed.). The World of the Bahá'í Faith. Oxfordshire, UK: <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. pp. 479–487. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4324%2F9780429027772-45">10.4324/9780429027772-45</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-138-36772-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-138-36772-2"><bdi>978-1-138-36772-2</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:244700641">244700641</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ch.+39%3A+Devotional+Life&rft.btitle=The+World+of+the+Bah%C3%A1%27%C3%AD+Faith&rft.place=Oxfordshire%2C+UK&rft.pages=479-487&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2022&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A244700641%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4324%2F9780429027772-45&rft.isbn=978-1-138-36772-2&rft.aulast=Afnan&rft.aufirst=Elham&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD+Faith" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAkhavi1980" class="citation book cs1">Akhavi, Shahrough (1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/religionpolitics0000akha">Religion and Politics in Contemporary Iran: Clergy-State Relations in the Pahlavi Period</a>. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press. pp. 76–78. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87395-408-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-87395-408-4"><bdi>0-87395-408-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Religion+and+Politics+in+Contemporary+Iran%3A+Clergy-State+Relations+in+the+Pahlavi+Period&rft.place=Albany%2C+NY&rft.pages=76-78&rft.pub=State+University+of+New+York+Press&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=0-87395-408-4&rft.aulast=Akhavi&rft.aufirst=Shahrough&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Freligionpolitics0000akha&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD+Faith" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaháʼí_International_Community2005" class="citation book cs1">Baháʼí International Community (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091205194849/http://denial.bahai.org/003.php">"History of Baháʼí Educational Efforts in Iran"</a>. Closed Doors: Iran's Campaign to Deny Higher Education to Baháʼís. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://denial.bahai.org/003.php">the original</a> on 5 December 2009. Retrieved 10 May 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=History+of+Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD+Educational+Efforts+in+Iran&rft.btitle=Closed+Doors%3A+Iran%27s+Campaign+to+Deny+Higher+Education+to+Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%ADs&rft.date=2005&rft.au=Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD+International+Community&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdenial.bahai.org%2F003.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD+Faith" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarrett2001" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_V._Barrett" title="David V. Barrett">Barrett, David V.</a> (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/newbelieverssurv00barr">The New Believers: a survey of sects, cults, and alternative religions</a>. London: Cassell & Co. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-84403-040-7" title="Special:BookSources/1-84403-040-7"><bdi>1-84403-040-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OL_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OL (identifier)">OL</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/books/OL3999281M">3999281M</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+New+Believers%3A+a+survey+of+sects%2C+cults%2C+and+alternative+religions&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Cassell+%26+Co&rft.date=2001&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenlibrary.org%2Fbooks%2FOL3999281M%23id-name%3DOL&rft.isbn=1-84403-040-7&rft.aulast=Barrett&rft.aufirst=David+V.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnewbelieverssurv00barr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD+Faith" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDaumeWatson1988" class="citation book cs1">Daume, Daphne; Watson, Louise, eds. (1988). "Religion (&) Bahá'í Faith". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/1988britannicabo0000daum">1988 Britannica Book of the Year</a>. Chicago: Encyclopædia Britannica. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85229-486-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-85229-486-7"><bdi>0-85229-486-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Religion+%28%26%29+Bah%C3%A1%27%C3%AD+Faith&rft.btitle=1988+Britannica+Book+of+the+Year&rft.place=Chicago&rft.pub=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=0-85229-486-7&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2F1988britannicabo0000daum&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD+Faith" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDaumeWatson1992" class="citation book cs1">Daume, Daphne; Watson, Louise, eds. (1992). "The Baháʼí Faith". Britannica Book of the Year. Chicago: Encyclopædia Britannica.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD+Faith&rft.btitle=Britannica+Book+of+the+Year&rft.place=Chicago&rft.pub=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.date=1992&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD+Faith" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEffendi1944" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Shoghi_Effendi" title="Shoghi Effendi">Effendi, Shoghi</a> (1944). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://reference.bahai.org/en/t/se/GPB/gpb-9.html#gr26">God Passes By</a>. Wilmette, IL: Baháʼí Publishing Trust (published 1979). <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87743-020-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-87743-020-9"><bdi>0-87743-020-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=God+Passes+By&rft.place=Wilmette%2C+IL&rft.pub=Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD+Publishing+Trust&rft.date=1944&rft.isbn=0-87743-020-9&rft.aulast=Effendi&rft.aufirst=Shoghi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Freference.bahai.org%2Fen%2Ft%2Fse%2FGPB%2Fgpb-9.html%23gr26&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD+Faith" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGallagherAshcraft2006" class="citation book cs1">Gallagher, Eugene V.; Ashcraft, W. Michael, eds. (2006). "The Baháʼís of the United States". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/introductiontone0000unse">Asian Traditions</a>. Introduction to New and Alternative Religions in America. Vol. 4. Westport, Connecticut • London: <a href="/wiki/Greenwood_Publishing_Group" title="Greenwood Publishing Group">Greenwood Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-275-98712-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-275-98712-1"><bdi>978-0-275-98712-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%ADs+of+the+United+States&rft.btitle=Asian+Traditions&rft.place=Westport%2C+Connecticut+%E2%80%A2+London&rft.series=Introduction+to+New+and+Alternative+Religions+in+America&rft.pub=Greenwood+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-275-98712-1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fintroductiontone0000unse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD+Faith" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGarlington2008" class="citation book cs1">Garlington, William (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bahaifaithinamer0000garl">The Baha'i Faith in America</a> (Paperback ed.). Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7425-6234-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7425-6234-9"><bdi>978-0-7425-6234-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Baha%27i+Faith+in+America&rft.place=Lanham%2C+Maryland&rft.edition=Paperback&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-7425-6234-9&rft.aulast=Garlington&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbahaifaithinamer0000garl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD+Faith" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHassall2012" class="citation book cs1">Hassall, Graham (2012). "The Bahá'í House of Worship: Localisation and Universal Form". In Cusack, Carol; Norman, Alex (eds.). Handbook of New Religions and Cultural Production. Brill Handbooks on Contemporary Religion. Vol. 4. <a href="/wiki/Leiden" title="Leiden">Leiden</a>: <a href="/wiki/Brill_Publishers" title="Brill Publishers">Brill</a>. pp. 599–632. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F9789004226487_025">10.1163/9789004226487_025</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-22187-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-22187-1"><bdi>978-90-04-22187-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1874-6691">1874-6691</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Bah%C3%A1%E2%80%99%C3%AD+House+of+Worship%3A+Localisation+and+Universal+Form&rft.btitle=Handbook+of+New+Religions+and+Cultural+Production&rft.place=Leiden&rft.series=Brill+Handbooks+on+Contemporary+Religion&rft.pages=599-632&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2012&rft.issn=1874-6691&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F9789004226487_025&rft.isbn=978-90-04-22187-1&rft.aulast=Hassall&rft.aufirst=Graham&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD+Faith" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHassal2022" class="citation book cs1">Hassal, Graham (2022). 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Oxfordshire, UK: <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. pp. 581–590. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-138-36772-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-138-36772-2"><bdi>978-1-138-36772-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ch.+47%3A+North+East+Asia&rft.btitle=The+World+of+the+Bah%C3%A1%27%C3%AD+Faith&rft.place=Oxfordshire%2C+UK&rft.pages=581-590&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2022&rft.isbn=978-1-138-36772-2&rft.aulast=Hassal&rft.aufirst=Graham&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.routledge.com%2FThe-World-of-the-Bahai-Faith%2FStockman%2Fp%2Fbook%2F9781138367722%23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD+Faith" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHassall2022" class="citation book cs1">Hassall, Graham (2022). "Ch. 48: Oceania". In <a href="/wiki/Robert_Stockman" title="Robert Stockman">Stockman, Robert H.</a> (ed.). The World of the Bahá'í Faith. Oxfordshire, UK: <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. pp. 591–602. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4324%2F9780429027772-55">10.4324/9780429027772-55</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-138-36772-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-138-36772-2"><bdi>978-1-138-36772-2</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:244697166">244697166</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ch.+48%3A+Oceania&rft.btitle=The+World+of+the+Bah%C3%A1%27%C3%AD+Faith&rft.place=Oxfordshire%2C+UK&rft.pages=591-602&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2022&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A244697166%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4324%2F9780429027772-55&rft.isbn=978-1-138-36772-2&rft.aulast=Hassall&rft.aufirst=Graham&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD+Faith" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHatcherMartin1998" class="citation book cs1">Hatcher, W.S.; Martin, J.D. (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bahai-library.com/hatcher_martin_global_religion">The Baháʼí Faith: The Emerging Global Religion</a>. New York: Harper & Row. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-06-065441-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-06-065441-4"><bdi>0-06-065441-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD+Faith%3A+The+Emerging+Global+Religion&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Harper+%26+Row&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0-06-065441-4&rft.aulast=Hatcher&rft.aufirst=W.S.&rft.au=Martin%2C+J.D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbahai-library.com%2Fhatcher_martin_global_religion&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD+Faith" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHartz2009" class="citation book cs1">Hartz, Paula (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bahai-library.com/hartz_bahai_faith">World Religions: Baha'i Faith</a> (3rd ed.). New York, NY: Chelsea House Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-60413-104-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-60413-104-8"><bdi>978-1-60413-104-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=World+Religions%3A+Baha%27i+Faith&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Chelsea+House+Publishers&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-60413-104-8&rft.aulast=Hartz&rft.aufirst=Paula&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbahai-library.com%2Fhartz_bahai_faith&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD+Faith" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnsonGrim2013" class="citation book cs1">Johnson, Todd M.; Grim, Brian J. 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John Wiley & Sons. pp. 59–62. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2F9781118555767.ch1">10.1002/9781118555767.ch1</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-118-55576-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-118-55576-7"><bdi>978-1-118-55576-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Global+Religious+Populations%2C+1910%E2%80%932010&rft.btitle=The+World%27s+Religions+in+Figures%3A+An+Introduction+to+International+Religious+Demography&rft.pages=59-62&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2013-03-26&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2F9781118555767.ch1&rft.isbn=978-1-118-55576-7&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=Todd+M.&rft.au=Grim%2C+Brian+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCkFVF8nFiqkC%26pg%3DPA59&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD+Faith" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKravetz1982" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Kravetz, Marc (1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/iranonox0000krav">Irano nox</a> (in French). Paris: Grasset. p. 237. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/2-246-24851-5" title="Special:BookSources/2-246-24851-5"><bdi>2-246-24851-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Irano+nox&rft.place=Paris&rft.pages=237&rft.pub=Grasset&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=2-246-24851-5&rft.aulast=Kravetz&rft.aufirst=Marc&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Firanonox0000krav&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD+Faith" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacEoin2009" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Denis_MacEoin" title="Denis MacEoin">MacEoin, Denis</a> (2009). The Messiah of Shiraz: Studies in Early and Middle Babism. Brill. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2Fej.9789004170353.i-740">10.1163/ej.9789004170353.i-740</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-17035-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-17035-3"><bdi>978-90-04-17035-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Messiah+of+Shiraz%3A+Studies+in+Early+and+Middle+Babism&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2Fej.9789004170353.i-740&rft.isbn=978-90-04-17035-3&rft.aulast=MacEoin&rft.aufirst=Denis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD+Faith" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcMullen2000" class="citation book cs1">McMullen, Michael D. (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bahaireligiousco0000mcmu">The Baha'i: The Religious Construction of a Global Identity</a>. Atlanta, GA: <a href="/wiki/Rutgers_University_Press" title="Rutgers University Press">Rutgers University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8135-2836-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-8135-2836-4"><bdi>0-8135-2836-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Baha%27i%3A+The+Religious+Construction+of+a+Global+Identity&rft.place=Atlanta%2C+GA&rft.pub=Rutgers+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-8135-2836-4&rft.aulast=McMullen&rft.aufirst=Michael+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbahaireligiousco0000mcmu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD+Faith" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcMullen2015" class="citation book cs1">McMullen, Mike (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bahaisofamericag0000mcmu">The Baháʼís of America: The Growth of a Religious Movement</a>. NYU Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4798-5152-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4798-5152-2"><bdi>978-1-4798-5152-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%ADs+of+America%3A+The+Growth+of+a+Religious+Movement&rft.pub=NYU+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-4798-5152-2&rft.aulast=McMullen&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbahaisofamericag0000mcmu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD+Faith" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMomen2007" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Moojan_Momen" title="Moojan Momen">Momen, Moojan</a> (2007). "The Baháʼí Faith". In Partridge, Christopher H. (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/worldsreligionsn0000unse">New Lion Handbook: The World's Religions</a> (3rd ed.). Oxford, UK: Lion Hudson Plc. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7459-5266-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7459-5266-6"><bdi>978-0-7459-5266-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD+Faith&rft.btitle=New+Lion+Handbook%3A+The+World%27s+Religions&rft.place=Oxford%2C+UK&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Lion+Hudson+Plc&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-7459-5266-6&rft.aulast=Momen&rft.aufirst=Moojan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fworldsreligionsn0000unse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD+Faith" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMomen2022" class="citation book cs1">Momen, Wendi (2022). "Ch. 31: Marriage and family life". In <a href="/wiki/Robert_Stockman" title="Robert Stockman">Stockman, Robert H.</a> (ed.). The World of the Bahá'í Faith. Oxfordshire, UK: <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. pp. 371–383. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4324%2F9780429027772-36">10.4324/9780429027772-36</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-138-36772-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-138-36772-2"><bdi>978-1-138-36772-2</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:244697438">244697438</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ch.+31%3A+Marriage+and+family+life&rft.btitle=The+World+of+the+Bah%C3%A1%27%C3%AD+Faith&rft.place=Oxfordshire%2C+UK&rft.pages=371-383&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2022&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A244697438%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4324%2F9780429027772-36&rft.isbn=978-1-138-36772-2&rft.aulast=Momen&rft.aufirst=Wendi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD+Faith" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNash1982" class="citation book cs1">Nash, Geoffrey (1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/iranssecretpogro0000nash">Iran's secret pogrom: The conspiracy to wipe out the Bahaʼis</a>. Sudbury, Suffolk: Neville Spearman Limited. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85435-005-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-85435-005-5"><bdi>0-85435-005-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Iran%27s+secret+pogrom%3A+The+conspiracy+to+wipe+out+the+Baha%CA%BCis&rft.place=Sudbury%2C+Suffolk&rft.pub=Neville+Spearman+Limited&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=0-85435-005-5&rft.aulast=Nash&rft.aufirst=Geoffrey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Firanssecretpogro0000nash&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD+Faith" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSanasarian2000" class="citation book cs1">Sanasarian, Eliz (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780521770736">Religious Minorities in Iran</a>. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. pp. 52–53. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-77073-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-77073-4"><bdi>0-521-77073-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Religious+Minorities+in+Iran&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+UK&rft.pages=52-53&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-521-77073-4&rft.aulast=Sanasarian&rft.aufirst=Eliz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_9780521770736&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD+Faith" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPark2004" class="citation book cs1">Park, Ken, ed. 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London: Hodder & Stoughton General Division. p. 223. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-340-62814-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-340-62814-6"><bdi>0-340-62814-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lifting+the+Veil&rft.place=London&rft.pages=223&rft.pub=Hodder+%26+Stoughton+General+Division&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=0-340-62814-6&rft.aulast=Simpson&rft.aufirst=John&rft.au=Shubart%2C+Tira&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fliftingveillifei0000simp_g2v6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD+Faith" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2008" class="citation book cs1">Smith, Peter (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=z7zdDFTzNr0C">An Introduction to the Baha'i Faith</a>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-86251-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-86251-6"><bdi>978-0-521-86251-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Introduction+to+the+Baha%27i+Faith&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-521-86251-6&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dz7zdDFTzNr0C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD+Faith" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2022a" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Smith_(historian)" title="Peter Smith (historian)">Smith, Peter</a> (2022a). "Ch. 41: The History of the Bábí and Bahá'í Faiths". 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Oxfordshire, UK: <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. pp. 501–512. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4324%2F9780429027772-48">10.4324/9780429027772-48</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-138-36772-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-138-36772-2"><bdi>978-1-138-36772-2</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:244705793">244705793</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ch.+41%3A+The+History+of+the+B%C3%A1b%C3%AD+and+Bah%C3%A1%E2%80%99%C3%AD+Faiths&rft.btitle=The+World+of+the+Bah%C3%A1%27%C3%AD+Faith&rft.place=Oxfordshire%2C+UK&rft.pages=501-512&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2022&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A244705793%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4324%2F9780429027772-48&rft.isbn=978-1-138-36772-2&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.routledge.com%2FThe-World-of-the-Bahai-Faith%2FStockman%2Fp%2Fbook%2F9781138367722%23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD+Faith" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2022b" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Smith_(historian)" title="Peter Smith (historian)">Smith, Peter</a> (2022b). "Ch. 50: Southeast Asia". In <a href="/wiki/Robert_Stockman" title="Robert Stockman">Stockman, Robert H.</a> (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.routledge.com/The-World-of-the-Bahai-Faith/Stockman/p/book/9781138367722#">The World of the Bahá'í Faith</a>. Oxfordshire, UK: <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. pp. 614–621. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-138-36772-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-138-36772-2"><bdi>978-1-138-36772-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ch.+50%3A+Southeast+Asia&rft.btitle=The+World+of+the+Bah%C3%A1%27%C3%AD+Faith&rft.place=Oxfordshire%2C+UK&rft.pages=614-621&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2022&rft.isbn=978-1-138-36772-2&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.routledge.com%2FThe-World-of-the-Bahai-Faith%2FStockman%2Fp%2Fbook%2F9781138367722%23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD+Faith" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStausberg2011" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Stausberg" title="Michael Stausberg">Stausberg, Michael</a> (2011). Religion and Tourism: Crossroads, Destinations, and Encounters. Oxfordshire, UK: <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-54931-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-54931-8"><bdi>978-0-415-54931-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Religion+and+Tourism%3A+Crossroads%2C+Destinations%2C+and+Encounters&rft.place=Oxfordshire%2C+UK&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-415-54931-8&rft.aulast=Stausberg&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD+Faith" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStockman2013" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Stockman" title="Robert Stockman">Stockman, Robert</a> (2013). Baháʼí Faith: A Guide For The Perplexed. New York, NY: Bloomsbury Academic. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4411-8781-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4411-8781-9"><bdi>978-1-4411-8781-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD+Faith%3A+A+Guide+For+The+Perplexed&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Academic&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-4411-8781-9&rft.aulast=Stockman&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD+Faith" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStockman2020" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Stockman" title="Robert Stockman">Stockman, Robert H.</a> (July 2020). James R. Lewis; Margo Kitts (eds.). The Bahá'í Faith, Violence, and Non-Violence. Cambridge Elements; Religion and Violence. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2F9781108613446">10.1017/9781108613446</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-108-61344-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-108-61344-6"><bdi>978-1-108-61344-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1173507653">1173507653</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:225389995">225389995</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Bah%C3%A1%27%C3%AD+Faith%2C+Violence%2C+and+Non-Violence&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+UK&rft.series=Cambridge+Elements%3B+Religion+and+Violence&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2020-07&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1173507653&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A225389995%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2F9781108613446&rft.isbn=978-1-108-61344-6&rft.aulast=Stockman&rft.aufirst=Robert+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD+Faith" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStockman2022a" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Stockman" title="Robert Stockman">Stockman, Robert</a> (2022a). "Ch. 45: Latin America and the Caribbean". In <a href="/wiki/Robert_Stockman" title="Robert Stockman">Stockman, Robert H.</a> (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.routledge.com/The-World-of-the-Bahai-Faith/Stockman/p/book/9781138367722#">The World of the Bahá'í Faith</a>. Oxfordshire, UK: <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. pp. 557–568. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-138-36772-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-138-36772-2"><bdi>978-1-138-36772-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ch.+45%3A+Latin+America+and+the+Caribbean&rft.btitle=The+World+of+the+Bah%C3%A1%27%C3%AD+Faith&rft.place=Oxfordshire%2C+UK&rft.pages=557-568&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2022&rft.isbn=978-1-138-36772-2&rft.aulast=Stockman&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.routledge.com%2FThe-World-of-the-Bahai-Faith%2FStockman%2Fp%2Fbook%2F9781138367722%23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD+Faith" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStockman2022b" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Stockman" title="Robert Stockman">Stockman, Robert</a> (2022b). "Ch. 46: North America". In <a href="/wiki/Robert_Stockman" title="Robert Stockman">Stockman, Robert H.</a> (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.routledge.com/The-World-of-the-Bahai-Faith/Stockman/p/book/9781138367722#">The World of the Bahá'í Faith</a>. Oxfordshire, UK: <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. pp. 569–580. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-138-36772-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-138-36772-2"><bdi>978-1-138-36772-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ch.+46%3A+North+America&rft.btitle=The+World+of+the+Bah%C3%A1%27%C3%AD+Faith&rft.place=Oxfordshire%2C+UK&rft.pages=569-580&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2022&rft.isbn=978-1-138-36772-2&rft.aulast=Stockman&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.routledge.com%2FThe-World-of-the-Bahai-Faith%2FStockman%2Fp%2Fbook%2F9781138367722%23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD+Faith" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaherzadeh1987" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Adib_Taherzadeh" title="Adib Taherzadeh">Taherzadeh, Adib</a> (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.peyman.info/cl/Baha%27i/Others/ROB/V4/p118-144Ch08.html#p125">The Revelation of Baháʼu'lláh, Volume 4: Mazra'ih & Bahji 1877–92</a>. Oxford, UK: George Ronald. p. 125. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85398-270-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-85398-270-8"><bdi>0-85398-270-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Revelation+of+Bah%C3%A1%CA%BCu%27ll%C3%A1h%2C+Volume+4%3A+Mazra%27ih+%26+Bahji+1877%E2%80%9392&rft.place=Oxford%2C+UK&rft.pages=125&rft.pub=George+Ronald&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=0-85398-270-8&rft.aulast=Taherzadeh&rft.aufirst=Adib&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.peyman.info%2Fcl%2FBaha%2527i%2FOthers%2FROB%2FV4%2Fp118-144Ch08.html%23p125&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD+Faith" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTavakoli-Targhi2008" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Mohamad_Tavakoli-Targhi" title="Mohamad Tavakoli-Targhi">Tavakoli-Targhi, Mohamad</a> (2008). "Anti-Baha'ism and Islamism in Iran". In Brookshaw, Dominic P.; Fazel, Seena B. (eds.). The Baha'is of Iran: Socio-historical studies. New York: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-203-00280-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-203-00280-3"><bdi>978-0-203-00280-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Anti-Baha%27ism+and+Islamism+in+Iran&rft.btitle=The+Baha%27is+of+Iran%3A+Socio-historical+studies&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-203-00280-3&rft.aulast=Tavakoli-Targhi&rft.aufirst=Mohamad&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD+Faith" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVan_der_Vyer1996" class="citation book cs1">Van der Vyer, J.D. (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/religioushumanri0000unse">Religious human rights in global perspective: religious perspectives</a>. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. p. 449. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/90-411-0176-4" title="Special:BookSources/90-411-0176-4"><bdi>90-411-0176-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Religious+human+rights+in+global+perspective%3A+religious+perspectives&rft.pages=449&rft.pub=Martinus+Nijhoff+Publishers&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=90-411-0176-4&rft.aulast=Van+der+Vyer&rft.aufirst=J.D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Freligioushumanri0000unse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD+Faith" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWarburg2001" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Margit_Warburg" title="Margit Warburg">Warburg, Margit</a> (2001). Introvigne (ed.). Baha'i. Studies in Contemporary Religions. US: Signature Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Baha%27i&rft.place=US&rft.series=Studies+in+Contemporary+Religions&rft.pub=Signature+Books&rft.date=2001&rft.aulast=Warburg&rft.aufirst=Margit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD+Faith" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWarburg2006" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Margit_Warburg" title="Margit Warburg">Warburg, Margit</a> (2006). Citizens of the world: a history and sociology of the Bahaʹis from a globalisation perspective. Leiden: Brill. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-474-0746-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-474-0746-1"><bdi>978-90-474-0746-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/234309958">234309958</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Citizens+of+the+world%3A+a+history+and+sociology+of+the+Baha%CA%B9is+from+a+globalisation+perspective&rft.place=Leiden&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F234309958&rft.isbn=978-90-474-0746-1&rft.aulast=Warburg&rft.aufirst=Margit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD+Faith" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYazdani2022" class="citation book cs1">Yazdani, Mina (2022). "Ch. 7: The Writings and Utterances of ʻAbdu'l-Bahá". In <a href="/wiki/Robert_Stockman" title="Robert Stockman">Stockman, Robert H.</a> (ed.). The World of the Bahá'í Faith. Oxfordshire, UK: <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. pp. 88–104. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4324%2F9780429027772-9">10.4324/9780429027772-9</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-138-36772-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-138-36772-2"><bdi>978-1-138-36772-2</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:244689327">244689327</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ch.+7%3A+The+Writings+and+Utterances+of+%CA%BBAbdu%27l-Bah%C3%A1&rft.btitle=The+World+of+the+Bah%C3%A1%27%C3%AD+Faith&rft.place=Oxfordshire%2C+UK&rft.pages=88-104&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2022&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A244689327%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4324%2F9780429027772-9&rft.isbn=978-1-138-36772-2&rft.aulast=Yazdani&rft.aufirst=Mina&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD+Faith" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Encyclopedias">Encyclopedias</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Encyclopedias">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin refbegin-hanging-indents refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li>Iranica <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIranica-Bahaism1988" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Multiple Authors (15 December 1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/bahaism-index">"Bahaism"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Iranica" title="Encyclopædia Iranica">Encyclopædia Iranica</a>. Vol. III. pp. 438–475. Retrieved 11 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Bahaism&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Iranica&rft.pages=438-475&rft.date=1988-12-15&rft.au=Multiple+Authors&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iranicaonline.org%2Farticles%2Fbahaism-index&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD+Faith" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIranica-The_Faith1988" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Juan_Cole" title="Juan Cole">Cole, Juan</a> (15 December 1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/bahaism-i">"BAHAISM i. The Faith"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Iranica" title="Encyclopædia Iranica">Encyclopædia Iranica</a>. Vol. III (published 23 August 2011). pp. 438–446. Retrieved 30 December 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=BAHAISM+i.+The+Faith&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Iranica&rft.pages=438-446&rft.date=1988-12-15&rft.aulast=Cole&rft.aufirst=Juan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iranicaonline.org%2Farticles%2Fbahaism-i&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD+Faith" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIranica-Baha'-Allah1988" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Juan_Cole" title="Juan Cole">Cole, Juan</a> (15 December 1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://iranicaonline.org/articles/baha-allah">"BAHĀʾ-ALLĀH"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Iranica" title="Encyclopædia Iranica">Encyclopædia Iranica</a>. Vol. III (published 23 August 2011). pp. 422–429. Retrieved 30 December 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=BAH%C4%80%CA%BE-ALL%C4%80H&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Iranica&rft.pages=422-429&rft.date=1988-12-15&rft.aulast=Cole&rft.aufirst=Juan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Firanicaonline.org%2Farticles%2Fbaha-allah&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD+Faith" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIranica-Bahai_and_Babi_Schisms1988" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Denis_MacEoin" title="Denis MacEoin">MacEoin, Denis</a> (15 December 1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/bahaism-iii">"BAHAISM iii. Bahai and Babi Schisms"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Iranica" title="Encyclopædia Iranica">Encyclopædia Iranica</a>. Vol. III (published 23 August 2011). pp. 447–449. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2330-4804">2330-4804</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=BAHAISM+iii.+Bahai+and+Babi+Schisms&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Iranica&rft.pages=447-449&rft.date=1988-12-15&rft.issn=2330-4804&rft.aulast=MacEoin&rft.aufirst=Denis&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iranicaonline.org%2Farticles%2Fbahaism-iii&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD+Faith" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIranica-Bayt-al-'adl1989" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Moojan_Momen" title="Moojan Momen">Momen, Moojan</a> (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://iranicaonline.org/articles/bayt-al-adl-house-of-justice-a-bahai-administrative-institution">"BAYT-AL-ʿADL (House of Justice)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Iranica" title="Encyclopædia Iranica">Encyclopædia Iranica</a>. Vol. IV. pp. 12–14. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2330-4804">2330-4804</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=BAYT-AL-%CA%BFADL+%28House+of+Justice%29&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Iranica&rft.pages=12-14&rft.date=1989&rft.issn=2330-4804&rft.aulast=Momen&rft.aufirst=Moojan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Firanicaonline.org%2Farticles%2Fbayt-al-adl-house-of-justice-a-bahai-administrative-institution&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD+Faith" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIranica-Mašreq_al-Aḏkār2010" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Moojan_Momen" title="Moojan Momen">Momen, Moojan</a> (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/mashreq-adkar">"Mašreq al-Aḏkār"</a>. Encyclopædia Iranica.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ma%C5%A1req+al-A%E1%B8%8Fk%C4%81r&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Iranica&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Momen&rft.aufirst=Moojan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iranicaonline.org%2Farticles%2Fmashreq-adkar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD+Faith" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIranica-Burial2020" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Negahban, Ezzatollah (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://iranicaonline.org/articles/burial-i">"BURIAL i. Pre-Historic Burial Sites"</a>. Encyclopaedia Iranica. Vol. IV. Retrieved 24 August 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=BURIAL+i.+Pre-Historic+Burial+Sites&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+Iranica&rft.date=2020&rft.aulast=Negahban&rft.aufirst=Ezzatollah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Firanicaonline.org%2Farticles%2Fburial-i&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD+Faith" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIranica-Bahai-temples1988" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Rafati, V.; <a href="/wiki/Fariborz_Sahba" title="Fariborz Sahba">Sahba, F.</a> (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://iranicaonline.org/articles/bahaism-ix">"BAHAISM ix. Bahai temples"</a>. Encyclopædia Iranica. Vol. III. pp. 465–467.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=BAHAISM+ix.+Bahai+temples&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Iranica&rft.pages=465-467&rft.date=1988&rft.aulast=Rafati&rft.aufirst=V.&rft.au=Sahba%2C+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Firanicaonline.org%2Farticles%2Fbahaism-ix&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD+Faith" class="Z3988"></li></ul></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWorld_Christian_Encyclopedia1982" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_B._Barrett" title="David B. Barrett">Barrett, David B.</a>, ed. (1982). "Global Adherents of all religions". <a href="/wiki/World_Christian_Encyclopedia" title="World Christian Encyclopedia">World Christian Encyclopedia</a>: A comparative survey of churches and religions in the modern world (1st ed.). Nairobi: Oxford University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Global+Adherents+of+all+religions&rft.btitle=World+Christian+Encyclopedia%3A+A+comparative+survey+of+churches+and+religions+in+the+modern+world&rft.place=Nairobi&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1982&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD+Faith" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWorld_Christian_Encyclopedia2001" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_B._Barrett" title="David B. Barrett">Barrett, David B.</a>; Kurian, George T.; Johnson, Todd M. (2001). "World Summary". <a href="/wiki/World_Christian_Encyclopedia" title="World Christian Encyclopedia">World Christian Encyclopedia</a>: A comparative survey of churches and religions in the modern world (2nd ed.). New York: Oxford University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=World+Summary&rft.btitle=World+Christian+Encyclopedia%3A+A+comparative+survey+of+churches+and+religions+in+the+modern+world&rft.place=New+York&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.aulast=Barrett&rft.aufirst=David+B.&rft.au=Kurian%2C+George+T.&rft.au=Johnson%2C+Todd+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD+Faith" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClarke2006" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Clarke, Peter B., ed. (2006). "Baha'i". Encyclopedia of New Religious Movements. London and New York: Routledge. p. 56. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-26707-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-26707-6"><bdi>978-0-415-26707-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Baha%27i&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+New+Religious+Movements&rft.place=London+and+New+York&rft.pages=56&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-415-26707-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD+Faith" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHutter2005" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Hutter, Manfred (2005). "Bahā'īs". In Jones, Lindsay (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofre0000unse_v8f2/page/737">Encyclopedia of Religion</a>. 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Detroit, MI: Macmillan Reference US. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofre0000unse_v8f2/page/737">737–740</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-02-865733-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-02-865733-0"><bdi>0-02-865733-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Bah%C4%81%27%C4%ABs&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Religion&rft.place=Detroit%2C+MI&rft.pages=737-740&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Macmillan+Reference+US&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-02-865733-0&rft.aulast=Hutter&rft.aufirst=Manfred&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fencyclopediaofre0000unse_v8f2%2Fpage%2F737&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD+Faith" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMomen1994a" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Moojan_Momen" title="Moojan Momen">Momen, Moojan</a> (1994a). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.momen.org/relstud/turkmnst.htm">"Turkmenistan"</a>. draft "A Short Encyclopedia of the Baha'i Faith". Retrieved 28 July 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Turkmenistan&rft.btitle=draft+%22A+Short+Encyclopedia+of+the+Baha%27i+Faith%22&rft.date=1994&rft.aulast=Momen&rft.aufirst=Moojan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.momen.org%2Frelstud%2Fturkmnst.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD+Faith" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMomen1994b" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Moojan_Momen" title="Moojan Momen">Momen, Moojan</a> (1994b). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bahai-library.com/momen_encyclopedia_iran#9.%20Social%20and%20economic%20development">"Iran: History of the Baháʼí Faith"</a>. draft "A Short Encyclopedia of the Baha'i Faith". Baháʼí Library Online. Retrieved 16 October 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Iran%3A+History+of+the+Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD+Faith&rft.btitle=draft+%22A+Short+Encyclopedia+of+the+Baha%27i+Faith%22&rft.pub=Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD+Library+Online&rft.date=1994&rft.aulast=Momen&rft.aufirst=Moojan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbahai-library.com%2Fmomen_encyclopedia_iran%239.%2520Social%2520and%2520economic%2520development&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD+Faith" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMomen2011" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Moojan_Momen" title="Moojan Momen">Momen, Moojan</a> (2011). "Bahaʼi". In Juergensmeyer; Roof (eds.). Baha'i. Encyclopedia of Global Religion. Sage Publications. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4135%2F9781412997898.n61">10.4135/9781412997898.n61</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7619-2729-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7619-2729-7"><bdi>978-0-7619-2729-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Baha%27i&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Global+Religion&rft.pub=Sage+Publications&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4135%2F9781412997898.n61&rft.isbn=978-0-7619-2729-7&rft.aulast=Momen&rft.aufirst=Moojan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD+Faith" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2000" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Smith_(historian)" title="Peter Smith (historian)">Smith, Peter</a> (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Yhy9DwAAQBAJ">A Concise Encyclopedia of the Baháʼí Faith</a>. Oxford, UK: Oneworld Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85168-184-1" title="Special:BookSources/1-85168-184-1"><bdi>1-85168-184-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Concise+Encyclopedia+of+the+Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD+Faith&rft.place=Oxford%2C+UK&rft.pub=Oneworld+Publications&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=1-85168-184-1&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYhy9DwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD+Faith" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Journals">Journals</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Journals">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin refbegin-hanging-indents refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 24em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAffolter2005" class="citation journal cs1">Affolter, Friedrich W. (January 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120722083412/http://www.altoona.psu.edu/journals/war-crimes/articles/V1/v1n1a3.pdf">"The Specter of Ideological Genocide: The Baháʼís of Iran"</a> (PDF). War Crimes, Genocide, & Crimes Against Humanity. 1 (1): 75–114. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.altoona.psu.edu/journals/war-crimes/articles/V1/v1n1a3.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 22 July 2012. Retrieved 31 May 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=War+Crimes%2C+Genocide%2C+%26+Crimes+Against+Humanity&rft.atitle=The+Specter+of+Ideological+Genocide%3A+The+Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%ADs+of+Iran&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=75-114&rft.date=2005-01&rft.aulast=Affolter&rft.aufirst=Friedrich+W.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.altoona.psu.edu%2Fjournals%2Fwar-crimes%2Farticles%2FV1%2Fv1n1a3.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD+Faith" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerry2004" class="citation journal cs1">Berry, Adam (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/41887188">"THE BAHÁ'Í FAITH AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO ISLAM, CHRISTIANITY, AND JUDAISM: A BRIEF HISTORY"</a>. International Social Science Review. 79 (3/4): 137–151. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0278-2308">0278-2308</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/41887188">41887188</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Social+Science+Review&rft.atitle=THE+BAH%C3%81%27%C3%8D+FAITH+AND+ITS+RELATIONSHIP+TO+ISLAM%2C+CHRISTIANITY%2C+AND+JUDAISM%3A+A+BRIEF+HISTORY&rft.volume=79&rft.issue=3%2F4&rft.pages=137-151&rft.date=2004&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F41887188%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.issn=0278-2308&rft.aulast=Berry&rft.aufirst=Adam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F41887188&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD+Faith" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCole1982" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Juan_Cole" title="Juan Cole">Cole, Juan</a> (1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bahai-library.com/cole_concept_manifestation">"The Concept of Manifestation in the Baháʼí Writings"</a>. Journal of Bahá'í Studies. 9: 1–38.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Bah%C3%A1%27%C3%AD+Studies&rft.atitle=The+Concept+of+Manifestation+in+the+Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD+Writings&rft.volume=9&rft.pages=1-38&rft.date=1982&rft.aulast=Cole&rft.aufirst=Juan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbahai-library.com%2Fcole_concept_manifestation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD+Faith" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFozdar2015" class="citation journal cs1">Fozdar, Farida (2015). "The Baha'i Faith: A Case Study in Globalization, Mobility and the Routinization of Charisma". Journal for the Academic Study of Religion. 28 (3): 274–292. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1558%2Fjasr.v28i3.28431">10.1558/jasr.v28i3.28431</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+for+the+Academic+Study+of+Religion&rft.atitle=The+Baha%27i+Faith%3A+A+Case+Study+in+Globalization%2C+Mobility+and+the+Routinization+of+Charisma&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=274-292&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1558%2Fjasr.v28i3.28431&rft.aulast=Fozdar&rft.aufirst=Farida&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD+Faith" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHatcher2005" class="citation journal cs1">Hatcher, John S. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.31581%2Fjbs-15.1-4.1%282005%29">"Unveiling the Hurí of Love"</a>. Journal of Bahá'í Studies. 15 (1): 1–38. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.31581%2Fjbs-15.1-4.1%282005%29">10.31581/jbs-15.1-4.1(2005)</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Bah%C3%A1%27%C3%AD+Studies&rft.atitle=Unveiling+the+Hur%C3%AD+of+Love&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=1-38&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.31581%2Fjbs-15.1-4.1%282005%29&rft.aulast=Hatcher&rft.aufirst=John+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.31581%252Fjbs-15.1-4.1%25282005%2529&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD+Faith" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKingdon1997" class="citation journal cs1">Kingdon, Geeta Gandhi (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bahai-library.com/kingdon_education_women_development">"Education of women and socio-economic development"</a>. Baháʼí Studies Review. 7 (1).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD+Studies+Review&rft.atitle=Education+of+women+and+socio-economic+development&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=1&rft.date=1997&rft.aulast=Kingdon&rft.aufirst=Geeta+Gandhi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbahai-library.com%2Fkingdon_education_women_development&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD+Faith" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchaefer2002" class="citation journal cs1">Schaefer, Udo (2002). "An Introduction to Bahā'ī Law: Doctrinal Foundations, Principles and Structures". Journal of Law and Religion. 18 (2): 307–72. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1602268">10.2307/1602268</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1602268">1602268</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:154511808">154511808</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Law+and+Religion&rft.atitle=An+Introduction+to+Bah%C4%81%27%C4%AB+Law%3A+Doctrinal+Foundations%2C+Principles+and+Structures&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=307-72&rft.date=2002&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A154511808%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1602268%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1602268&rft.aulast=Schaefer&rft.aufirst=Udo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD+Faith" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2016" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Smith_(historian)" title="Peter Smith (historian)">Smith, Peter</a> (2016). "Babi–Baha'i Expansion and "Geo-Cultural Breakthroughs"". Journal of Religious History. 40 (2): 225–236. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2F1467-9809.12280">10.1111/1467-9809.12280</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Religious+History&rft.atitle=Babi%E2%80%93Baha%27i+Expansion+and+%22Geo-Cultural+Breakthroughs%22&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=225-236&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2F1467-9809.12280&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD+Faith" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmithMomen1989" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Smith_(historian)" title="Peter Smith (historian)">Smith, Peter</a>; <a href="/wiki/Moojan_Momen" title="Moojan Momen">Momen, Moojan</a> (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bahai-library.com/momen_smith_developments_1957-1988">"The Baha'i Faith 1957–1988: A Survey of Contemporary Developments"</a>. Religion. 19 (1): 63–91. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2F0048-721X%2889%2990077-8">10.1016/0048-721X(89)90077-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Religion&rft.atitle=The+Baha%27i+Faith+1957%E2%80%931988%3A+A+Survey+of+Contemporary+Developments&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=63-91&rft.date=1989&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2F0048-721X%2889%2990077-8&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.au=Momen%2C+Moojan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbahai-library.com%2Fmomen_smith_developments_1957-1988&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD+Faith" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUniversal_House_of_Justice2002" class="citation journal cs1">Universal House of Justice (September 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bahai-library.com/uhj_numbers_sacred_writings">"Numbers and Classifications of Sacred Writings & Texts"</a>. Lights of Irfan. 10. Wilmette, IL: Irfan Colloquia: 349–350. Retrieved 20 March 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lights+of+Irfan&rft.atitle=Numbers+and+Classifications+of+Sacred+Writings+%26+Texts&rft.volume=10&rft.pages=349-350&rft.date=2002-09&rft.au=Universal+House+of+Justice&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbahai-library.com%2Fuhj_numbers_sacred_writings&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD+Faith" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="News_media">News media</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: News media">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin refbegin-hanging-indents refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 24em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFA.V.2017" class="citation news cs1">A.V. (20 April 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.economist.com/blogs/economist-explains/2017/04/economist-explains-7">"The Economist explains: The Bahai faith"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170501161938/https://www.economist.com/blogs/economist-explains/2017/04/economist-explains-7">Archived</a> from the original on 1 May 2017. 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AFP. 16 February 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Families+fear+for+Bahais+jailed+in+Iran&rft.date=2011-02-16&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD+Faith" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAFP2011b" class="citation news cs1">"US 'troubled' by Bahai reports from Iran". 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Retrieved 29 December 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kit+Bigelow%2C+Director+of+External+Affairs%2C+the+National+Spiritual+Assembly+of+the+Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%ADs+of+the+United+States&rft.date=2005-11-16&rft.aulast=Bigelow&rft.aufirst=Kit&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flantos.house.gov%2FHoR%2FCA12%2FHuman%2BRights%2BCaucus%2FBriefing%2BTestimonies%2F11-17-05%2BTestimony%2Bof%2BKit%2BBigelow%2BEgypt%2BBriefing.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD+Faith" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCenter_for_Human_Rights_in_Iran2018" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://iranhumanrights.org/2018/07/woman-expelled-from-iranian-university-just-before-obtaining-degree-because-shes-bahai/">"Woman Expelled From Iranian University Just Before Obtaining Degree Because She's Baha'i"</a>. Center for Human Rights in Iran. 29 July 2018. Retrieved 23 August 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Center+for+Human+Rights+in+Iran&rft.atitle=Woman+Expelled+From+Iranian+University+Just+Before+Obtaining+Degree+Because+She%27s+Baha%27i&rft.date=2018-07-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Firanhumanrights.org%2F2018%2F07%2Fwoman-expelled-from-iranian-university-just-before-obtaining-degree-because-shes-bahai%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD+Faith" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDictionary.com2017" class="citation book cs1">"Baha'i". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dictionary.com/browse/bahai">Dictionary.com Unabridged</a> (4th ed.). Random House, Inc. 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Baha%27i&rft.btitle=Dictionary.com+Unabridged&rft.edition=4th&rft.pub=Random+House%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2017&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dictionary.com%2Fbrowse%2Fbahai&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD+Faith" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFInternational_Federation_of_Human_Rights2003" class="citation web cs1">International Federation of Human Rights (August 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fidh.org/IMG/pdf/ir0108a.pdf">"Discrimination against religious minorities in Iran"</a> (PDF). Paris: FIDH. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061031221624/http://www.fidh.org/IMG/pdf/ir0108a.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 31 October 2006. Retrieved 20 October 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Discrimination+against+religious+minorities+in+Iran&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=FIDH&rft.date=2003-08&rft.au=International+Federation+of+Human+Rights&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fidh.org%2FIMG%2Fpdf%2Fir0108a.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD+Faith" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFInternational_Religious_Freedom_Report2013" class="citation web cs1">Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/irf/religiousfreedom/index.htm#wrapper">"International Religious Freedom Report for 2013"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_State" title="United States Department of State">United States Department of State</a>. 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Pew Research Center’s Forum on Religion & Public Life. pp. 53–56. Retrieved 16 August 2022 – via Boston College.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=The+Global+Religious+Landscape%3A+A+Report+on+the+Size+and+Distribution+of+the+World%27s+Major+Religious+Groups+as+of+2010&rft.pages=53-56&rft.pub=Pew+Research+Center%E2%80%99s+Forum+on+Religion+%26+Public+Life&rft.date=2012-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bc.edu%2Fcontent%2Fdam%2Ffiles%2Fcenters%2Fjesinst%2Fpdf%2FGrim-globalReligion-full.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD+Faith" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIran_Human_Rights_Documentation_Center2006" class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090618202441/http://www.iranhrdc.org/httpdocs/English/pdfs/Reports/A-Faith-Denied_Dec06.pdf">A Faith Denied: The Persecution of the Baha'is of Iran</a> (PDF) (Report). Iran Human Rights Documentation Center. December 2006. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranhrdc.org/httpdocs/English/pdfs/Reports/A-Faith-Denied_Dec06.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 18 June 2009. Retrieved 1 May 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=A+Faith+Denied%3A+The+Persecution+of+the+Baha%27is+of+Iran&rft.pub=Iran+Human+Rights+Documentation+Center&rft.date=2006-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iranhrdc.org%2Fhttpdocs%2FEnglish%2Fpdfs%2FReports%2FA-Faith-Denied_Dec06.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD+Faith" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIran_Human_Rights_Documentation_Center2008b" class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100902191009/http://www.iranhrdc.org/httpdocs/English/pdfs/PressReleases/2008/Press-05-15-08.pdf">"IHRDC Condemns the Arrest of Leading Bahá'ís"</a> (PDF) (Press release). Iran Human Rights Documentation Center. 15 May 2008b. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranhrdc.org/httpdocs/English/pdfs/PressReleases/2008/Press-05-15-08.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 2 September 2010. Retrieved 17 May 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=IHRDC+Condemns+the+Arrest+of+Leading+Bah%C3%A1%27%C3%ADs&rft.pub=Iran+Human+Rights+Documentation+Center&rft.date=2008-05-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iranhrdc.org%2Fhttpdocs%2FEnglish%2Fpdfs%2FPressReleases%2F2008%2FPress-05-15-08.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD+Faith" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIran_Human_Rights_Documentation_Center2008" class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100902192809/http://www.iranhrdc.org/httpdocs/English/pdfs/Reports/Crimes-against-Humanity_Nov08.pdf">Crimes Against Humanity: The Islamic Republic's Attacks on the Baháʼís</a> (PDF) (Report). New Haven, CN: Iran Human Rights Documentation Center. November 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranhrdc.org/httpdocs/English/pdfs/Reports/Crimes-against-Humanity_Nov08.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 2 September 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Crimes+Against+Humanity%3A+The+Islamic+Republic%27s+Attacks+on+the+Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%ADs&rft.place=New+Haven%2C+CN&rft.pub=Iran+Human+Rights+Documentation+Center&rft.date=2008-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iranhrdc.org%2Fhttpdocs%2FEnglish%2Fpdfs%2FReports%2FCrimes-against-Humanity_Nov08.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD+Faith" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJahangir2006" class="citation web cs1">Jahangir, Asma (20 March 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unhchr.ch/huricane/huricane.nsf/view01/5E72D6B7B624AABBC125713700572D09?opendocument">"Special Rapporteur on Freedom of religion or belief concerned about treatment of followers of Baháʼí Faith in Iran"</a>. United Nations. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060426122357/http://www.unhchr.ch/huricane/huricane.nsf/view01/5E72D6B7B624AABBC125713700572D09?opendocument">Archived</a> from the original on 26 April 2006. Retrieved 1 June 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Special+Rapporteur+on+Freedom+of+religion+or+belief+concerned+about+treatment+of+followers+of+Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD+Faith+in+Iran&rft.pub=United+Nations&rft.date=2006-03-20&rft.aulast=Jahangir&rft.aufirst=Asma&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Fhuricane%2Fhuricane.nsf%2Fview01%2F5E72D6B7B624AABBC125713700572D09%3Fopendocument&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD+Faith" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLundberg2005" class="citation thesis cs1">Lundberg, Zaid (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bahai-library.com/lundberg_bahai_apocalypticism">"The Concept of Progressive Revelation"</a>. Baha'i Apocalypticism: The Concept of Progressive Revelation (Master of Arts thesis). Department of History of Religion at the Faculty of Theology, Lund University, Sweden. Retrieved 1 May 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=Baha%27i+Apocalypticism%3A+The+Concept+of+Progressive+Revelation&rft.inst=Department+of+History+of+Religion+at+the+Faculty+of+Theology%2C+Lund+University%2C+Sweden&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Lundberg&rft.aufirst=Zaid&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbahai-library.com%2Flundberg_bahai_apocalypticism&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD+Faith" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNetherlands_Institute_of_Human_Rights2006" class="citation web cs1">Netherlands Institute of Human Rights (8 March 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060502110349/http://sim.law.uu.nl/SIM/CaseLaw/uncom.nsf/0/e7b8824bdd987268c1256fa8004a8753?OpenDocument">"Iran, Islamic Republic of"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sim.law.uu.nl/SIM/CaseLaw/uncom.nsf/0/e7b8824bdd987268c1256fa8004a8753?OpenDocument">the original</a> on 2 May 2006. Retrieved 31 May 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Iran%2C+Islamic+Republic+of&rft.date=2006-03-08&rft.au=Netherlands+Institute+of+Human+Rights&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsim.law.uu.nl%2FSIM%2FCaseLaw%2Funcom.nsf%2F0%2Fe7b8824bdd987268c1256fa8004a8753%3FOpenDocument&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD+Faith" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Hartz, Paula (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bahai-library.com/hartz_bahai_faith">World Religions: Baha'i Faith</a> (3rd ed.). New York, NY: Chelsea House Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-60413-104-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-60413-104-8"><bdi>978-1-60413-104-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=World+Religions%3A+Baha%27i+Faith&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Chelsea+House+Publishers&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-60413-104-8&rft.aulast=Hartz&rft.aufirst=Paula&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbahai-library.com%2Fhartz_bahai_faith&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD+Faith" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Smith_(historian)" title="Peter Smith (historian)">Smith, Peter</a> (2008). An Introduction to the Baha'i Faith. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-86251-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-86251-6"><bdi>978-0-521-86251-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Introduction+to+the+Baha%27i+Faith&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-521-86251-6&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD+Faith" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Stockman" title="Robert Stockman">Stockman, Robert</a>, ed. (2022). The World of the Bahá'í Faith. Abingdon, UK: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4324%2F9780429027772">10.4324/9780429027772</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-138-36772-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-138-36772-2"><bdi>978-1-138-36772-2</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:244692979">244692979</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+World+of+the+Bah%C3%A1%27%C3%AD+Faith&rft.place=Abingdon%2C+UK&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2022&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A244692979%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4324%2F9780429027772&rft.isbn=978-1-138-36772-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD+Faith" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Margit_Warburg" title="Margit Warburg">Warburg, Margit</a> (2006). Citizens of the world: a history and sociology of the Bahaʹis from a globalisation perspective. Leiden: Brill. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-474-0746-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-474-0746-1"><bdi>978-90-474-0746-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/234309958">234309958</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Citizens+of+the+world%3A+a+history+and+sociology+of+the+Baha%CA%B9is+from+a+globalisation+perspective&rft.place=Leiden&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F234309958&rft.isbn=978-90-474-0746-1&rft.aulast=Warburg&rft.aufirst=Margit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD+Faith" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/54px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%27%C3%AD_Faith" class="extiw" title="wikt:Bahá'í Faith">Definitions</a> from Wiktionary</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith" class="extiw" title="c:Baháʼí Faith">Media</a> from Commons</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/41px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/54px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Category:Baha%27i" class="extiw" title="n:Category:Baha'i">News</a> from Wikinews</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%27%C3%AD_Faith" class="extiw" title="q:Bahá'í Faith">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/39px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/51px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Portal:Bah%C3%A1%27%C3%AD_Faith" class="extiw" title="s:Portal:Bahá'í Faith">Texts</a> from Wikisource</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/27px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/41px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/54px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%27%C3%AD_Faith" class="extiw" title="b:Bahá'í Faith">Textbooks</a> from Wikibooks</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/27px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/41px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/54px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" /><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith" class="extiw" title="v:Special:Search/Baháʼí Faith">Resources</a> from Wikiversity</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/27px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/41px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/54px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22679" class="extiw" title="d:Q22679">Data</a> from Wikidata</li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bahai.org/">bahai.org</a> – The website of the worldwide Bahá’í community <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://media.bahai.org/">Bahá’í Media Bank</a> – Photographs for download</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bahai.org/library/">Bahá’í Reference Library</a> – Online source of Authoritative Bahá’í writings in English, Farsi, and Arabic</li></ul></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bahai-library.com/">Bahá’í Library Online</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opb.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/awr09.socst.world.glob.bahai/bahai/">Baha'i</a> – Video at PBS Learning Media</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Baháʼí_Faith_topics" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD" title="Template:Baháʼí"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD" title="Template talk:Baháʼí"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Baháʼí"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Baháʼí_Faith_topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Baháʼí Faith</a> topics</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith" title="Outline of the Baháʼí Faith">Outline of the Baháʼí Faith</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Central figures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BCu%27ll%C3%A1h" title="Baháʼu'lláh">Baháʼu'lláh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A1b" title="Báb">The Báb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CA%BBAbdu%27l-Bah%C3%A1" title="ʻAbdu'l-Bahá">ʻAbdu'l-Bahá</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="9" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Bahai_star.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Bahai_star.svg/70px-Bahai_star.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Bahai_star.svg/105px-Bahai_star.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Bahai_star.svg/140px-Bahai_star.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_teachings" title="Baháʼí teachings">Baháʼí teachings</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/God_in_the_Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith" title="God in the Baháʼí Faith">Unity of God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith_and_the_unity_of_humanity" title="Baháʼí Faith and the unity of humanity">Unity of humanity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith_and_the_unity_of_religion" title="Baháʼí Faith and the unity of religion">Unity of religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_world_order_(Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD)" title="New world order (Baháʼí)">New World Order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_revelation_(Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD)" title="Progressive revelation (Baháʼí)">Progressive revelation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Covenant_of_Bah%C3%A1%CA%BCu%27ll%C3%A1h" title="Covenant of Baháʼu'lláh">Covenant of Baháʼu'lláh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_laws" title="Baháʼí laws">Laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prayer_in_the_Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith" title="Prayer in the Baháʼí Faith">Prayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_pilgrimage" title="Baháʼí pilgrimage">Pilgrimage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nineteen_Day_Feast" title="Nineteen Day Feast">Nineteen Day Feast</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_literature" title="Baháʼí literature">Baháʼí literature</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kit%C3%A1b-i-Aqdas" title="Kitáb-i-Aqdas">Kitáb-i-Aqdas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kit%C3%A1b-i-%C3%8Dq%C3%A1n" title="Kitáb-i-Íqán">Kitáb-i-Íqán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hidden_Words" title="Hidden Words">The Hidden Words</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Some_Answered_Questions" title="Some Answered Questions">Some Answered Questions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_administration" title="Baháʼí administration">Baháʼí administration</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Universal_House_of_Justice" title="Universal House of Justice">Universal House of Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_International_Community" title="Baháʼí International Community">Baháʼí International Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Teaching_Centre" title="International Teaching Centre">International Teaching Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institution_of_the_Counsellors" title="Institution of the Counsellors">Institution of the Counsellors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spiritual_Assembly" title="Spiritual Assembly">Spiritual Assemblies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith" title="History of the Baháʼí Faith">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_timeline" title="Baháʼí timeline">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A1bism" title="Bábism">Bábism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Letters_of_the_Living" title="Letters of the Living">Letters of the Living</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mull%C3%A1_Husayn" title="Mullá Husayn">Mullá Husayn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A1hirih" title="Táhirih">Táhirih</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD%E2%80%93Azali_split" title="Baháʼí–Azali split">Baháʼí–Azali split</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shoghi_Effendi" title="Shoghi Effendi">Shoghi Effendi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hands_of_the_Cause" title="Hands of the Cause">Hands of the Cause</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostles_of_Bah%C3%A1%CA%BCu%27ll%C3%A1h" title="Apostles of Baháʼu'lláh">Apostles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%ADs" title="List of Baháʼís">Others</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_converts_to_the_Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith" title="List of converts to the Baháʼí Faith">Converts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_former_Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%ADs" title="List of former Baháʼís">Ex-Baháʼís</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_World_Centre" title="Baháʼí World Centre">World Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_House_of_Worship" title="Baháʼí House of Worship">Mashriqu'l-Adhkár</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Houses_of_Worship" title="List of Baháʼí Houses of Worship">List</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haziratu%27l-Quds" title="Haziratu'l-Quds">Haziratu'l-Quds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrine_of_Bah%C3%A1%CA%BCu%27ll%C3%A1h" title="Shrine of Baháʼu'lláh">Shrine of Baháʼu'lláh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrine_of_the_B%C3%A1b" title="Shrine of the Báb">Shrine of the Báb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrine_of_%CA%BBAbdu%27l-Bah%C3%A1" title="Shrine of ʻAbdu'l-Bahá">Shrine of ʻAbdu'l-Bahá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montr%C3%A9al_Bah%C3%A1%27%C3%AD_Shrine" title="Montréal Bahá'í Shrine">Montréal Bahá'í Shrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%ADy%C3%A1h-Ch%C3%A1l" title="Síyáh-Chál">Síyáh-Chál</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A1b%27s_house" title="Báb's house">Báb's house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Bah%C3%A1%27u%27ll%C3%A1h_in_Baghdad" title="House of Bahá'u'lláh in Baghdad">House of Bahá'u'lláh in Baghdad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garden_of_Ridv%C3%A1n,_Baghdad" title="Garden of Ridván, Baghdad">Garden of Ridván, Baghdad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Socioeconomic_development_and_the_Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith" title="Socioeconomic development and the Baháʼí Faith">Socioeconomic development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_cosmology" title="Baháʼí cosmology">Cosmology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_symbols" title="Baháʼí symbols">Symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_prophecies" title="Baháʼí prophecies">Prophecies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_views_on_homosexuality" title="Baháʼí views on homosexuality">Homosexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith_and_gender_equality" title="Baháʼí Faith and gender equality">Gender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_views_on_science" title="Baháʼí views on science">Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith_by_country" title="Baháʼí Faith by country">Statistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_orthography" title="Baháʼí orthography">Orthography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_calendar" title="Baháʼí calendar">Calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tasjil" title="Tasjil">Tasjil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%ADs" title="Persecution of Baháʼís">Persecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_review" title="Baháʼí review">Review</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith_in_fiction" title="Baháʼí Faith in fiction">Baháʼí Faith in fiction</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Attempted_schisms_in_the_Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith" title="Attempted schisms in the Baháʼí Faith">Attempted schisms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith" title="Orthodox Baháʼí Faith">Orthodox Baháʼí Faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%ADs_Under_the_Provisions_of_the_Covenant" class="mw-redirect" title="Baháʼís Under the Provisions of the Covenant">Baháʼís Under the Provisions of the Covenant</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/Category:Bah%C3%A1%27%C3%AD_Faith" title="Category:Bahá'í Faith">Category</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Religion" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Religion_topics" title="Template:Religion topics"><abbr 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denominations</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Western_religions" title="Western religions">Western</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Abrahamic_religions" title="Abrahamic religions">Abrahamic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Judaism" title="Orthodox Judaism">Orthodox</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haredi_Judaism" title="Haredi Judaism">Haredi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hasidic_Judaism" title="Hasidic Judaism">Hasidic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_Orthodox_Judaism" title="Modern Orthodox Judaism">Modern</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religious_Zionism" title="Religious Zionism">Zionist</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Judaism" title="Conservative Judaism">Conservative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reform_Judaism" title="Reform Judaism">Reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karaite_Judaism" title="Karaite Judaism">Karaite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haymanot" title="Haymanot">Haymanot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reconstructionist_Judaism" title="Reconstructionist Judaism">Reconstructionist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Renewal" title="Jewish Renewal">Renewal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanistic_Judaism" title="Humanistic Judaism">Humanistic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_religious_movements" title="Jewish religious movements">list</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholicism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latin_Church" title="Latin Church">Latin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_Churches" title="Eastern Catholic Churches">Eastern</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy" title="Eastern Orthodoxy">Eastern Orthodoxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oriental_Orthodoxy" class="mw-redirect" title="Oriental Orthodoxy">Oriental Orthodoxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nestorianism" title="Nestorianism">Nestorianism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Church_of_the_East" title="Ancient Church of the East">Ancient</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_Church_of_the_East" title="Assyrian Church of the East">Assyrian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Protestantism" title="Proto-Protestantism">Proto-Protestantism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hussites" title="Hussites">Hussites</a>/<a href="/wiki/Moravian_Church" title="Moravian Church">Moravians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waldensians" title="Waldensians">Waldensians</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestantism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adventism" title="Adventism">Adventism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anabaptism" title="Anabaptism">Anabaptism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amish" title="Amish">Amish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schwarzenau_Brethren" title="Schwarzenau Brethren">Brethren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hutterites" title="Hutterites">Hutterites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mennonites" title="Mennonites">Mennonites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schwenkfelder_Church" title="Schwenkfelder Church">Schwenkfelder Church</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglicanism" title="Anglicanism">Anglicanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baptists" title="Baptists">Baptists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calvinism" class="mw-redirect" title="Calvinism">Calvinism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Congregational_church" class="mw-redirect" title="Congregational church">Congregationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presbyterianism" title="Presbyterianism">Presbyterianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Reformed_Protestantism" title="Continental Reformed Protestantism">Reformed</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charismatic_Christianity" title="Charismatic Christianity">Charismatic Christianity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pentecostalism" title="Pentecostalism">Pentecostal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charismatic_movement" title="Charismatic movement">Charismatic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-charismatic_movement" title="Neo-charismatic movement">Neo-charismatic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelicalism" title="Evangelicalism">Evangelicalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Apostolic_Church" title="Catholic Apostolic Church">Irvingism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lutheranism" title="Lutheranism">Lutheran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methodism" title="Methodism">Methodist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holiness_movement" title="Holiness movement">Holiness</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nondenominational_Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="Nondenominational Christianity">Nondenominational</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plymouth_Brethren" title="Plymouth Brethren">Plymouth Brethren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quakers" title="Quakers">Quakerism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Restoration_Movement" title="Restoration Movement">Restorationism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esoteric_Christianity" title="Esoteric Christianity">Esoteric</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Christian_Community" title="The Christian Community">The Christian Community</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Catholicism" title="Independent Catholicism">Independent Catholicism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Catholic_Church" title="Old Catholic Church">Old Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judaizers" title="Judaizers">Judaizers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nontrinitarianism" title="Nontrinitarianism">Nontrinitarianism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bible_Student_movement" title="Bible Student movement">Bible Students</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bible_Student_movement#Associated_Bible_Students" title="Bible Student movement">Associated Bible Students</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Bible_Students" title="Free Bible Students">Free Bible Students</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friends_of_Man" title="Friends of Man">Friends of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses" title="Jehovah's Witnesses">Jehovah's Witnesses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo#Kitawala" title="Religion in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Kitawala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laymen%27s_Home_Missionary_Movement" title="Laymen's Home Missionary Movement">Laymen's Home Missionary Movement</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christadelphians" title="Christadelphians">Christadelphians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mormonism" title="Mormonism">Mormonism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oneness_Pentecostalism" title="Oneness Pentecostalism">Oneness Pentecostalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spiritual_Christianity" title="Spiritual Christianity">Spiritual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_New_Church_(Swedenborgian)" title="The New Church (Swedenborgian)">Swedenborgianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolstoyan_movement" title="Tolstoyan movement">Tolstoyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unitarianism" title="Unitarianism">Unitarianism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Christian_denominations" title="List of Christian denominations">list</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunnism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ash%27arism" title="Ash'arism">Ash'arism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maturidism" title="Maturidism">Maturidism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atharism" title="Atharism">Atharism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salafi_movement" title="Salafi movement">Salafism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wahhabism" title="Wahhabism">Wahhabism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_modernism" title="Islamic modernism">Modernist Salafism</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shia_Islam" title="Shia Islam">Shi'ism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alawites" title="Alawites">Alawism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali-Illahism" title="Ali-Illahism">Ali-Illahism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isma%27ilism" title="Isma'ilism">Isma'ilism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twelver_Shi%27ism" title="Twelver Shi'ism">Twelver Shi'ism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaydism" title="Zaydism">Zaydism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sufism" title="Sufism">Sufism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kharijites" title="Kharijites">Khawarij</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ibadi_Islam" title="Ibadi Islam">Ibadism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alevism" title="Alevism">Alevism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ishikism" title="Ishikism">Ishikism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_Alevism" title="Kurdish Alevism">Kurdish Alevism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya" title="Ahmadiyya">Ahmadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahdawi_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahdawi movement">Mahdavism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quranism" title="Quranism">Quranism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milah_Abraham" title="Milah Abraham">Milah Abraham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-denominational_Muslim" title="Non-denominational Muslim">Non-denominational</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_schools_and_branches" title="Islamic schools and branches">list</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A1bism" title="Bábism">Bábism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azali" title="Azali">Azalism</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Baháʼí</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Druze" title="Druze">Druze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandaeism" title="Mandaeism">Mandaeism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rastafari" title="Rastafari">Rastafari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samaritanism" title="Samaritanism">Samaritanism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Iranian_religions" title="Iranian religions">Iranian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Zoroastrian" class="mw-redirect" title="Zoroastrian">Zoroastrian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianism_in_Russia" title="Zoroastrianism in Russia">Blagovery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilm-e-Khshnoom" title="Ilm-e-Khshnoom">Ilm-e-Khshnoom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazdaznan" title="Mazdaznan">Mazdaznan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zurvanism" title="Zurvanism">Zurvanism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Kurdish</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shabakism" class="mw-redirect" title="Shabakism">Shabakism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yarsanism" title="Yarsanism">Yarsanism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assianism" title="Assianism">Assianism/Uatsdin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roshani_movement" title="Roshani movement">Roshani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manichaeism" title="Manichaeism">Manichaeism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Manichaeism" title="Chinese Manichaeism">Chinese Manichaeism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yazd%C3%A2nism" title="Yazdânism">Yazdânism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yazidism" title="Yazidism">Yazidism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_religions" title="Eastern religions">Eastern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_religions" title="East Asian religions">East Asian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_China" title="Religion in China">Chinese</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_folk_religion" title="Chinese folk religion">Chinese folk religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confucianism" title="Confucianism">Confucianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luo_teaching" title="Luo teaching">Luoism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuo_folk_religion" title="Nuo folk religion">Nuo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_salvationist_religions" title="Chinese salvationist religions">Salvationist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xiantiandao" title="Xiantiandao">Xiantiandao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yiguandao" title="Yiguandao">Yiguandao</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taoism" title="Taoism">Taoism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_ritual_mastery_traditions" title="Chinese ritual mastery traditions">Folk Taoism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yao_folk_religion" title="Yao folk religion">Yao Taoism</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Japan" title="Religion in Japan">Japonic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shinto" title="Shinto">Shinto</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shinto_sects_and_schools" title="Shinto sects and schools">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shugend%C5%8D" title="Shugendō">Shugendō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenrikyo" title="Tenrikyo">Tenrikyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryukyuan_religion" title="Ryukyuan religion">Ryukyuan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Korea" title="Religion in Korea">Korean</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Korean_shamanism" title="Korean shamanism">Korean shamanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheondoism" title="Cheondoism">Cheondoism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeung_San_Do" title="Jeung San Do">Jeungsanism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Vietnam" title="Religion in Vietnam">Vietnamese</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_folk_religion" title="Vietnamese folk religion">Vietnamese folk religion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%A1o_M%E1%BA%ABu" title="Đạo Mẫu">Đạo Mẫu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caodaism" title="Caodaism">Caodaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B2a_H%E1%BA%A3o" title="Hòa Hảo">Hoahaoism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%A1o_B%E1%BB%ADu_S%C6%A1n_K%E1%BB%B3_H%C6%B0%C6%A1ng" title="Đạo Bửu Sơn Kỳ Hương">Đạo Bửu Sơn Kỳ Hương</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Indian_religions" title="Indian religions">Indian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vaishnavism" title="Vaishnavism">Vaishnavism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Krishnaism" title="Krishnaism">Krishnaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Vaishnavism" title="Sri Vaishnavism">Sri Vaishnavism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahma_Sampradaya" title="Brahma Sampradaya">Brahma Sampradaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nimbarka_Sampradaya" title="Nimbarka Sampradaya">Nimbarka Sampradaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pushtimarg" class="mw-redirect" title="Pushtimarg">Pushtimarg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahanubhava" title="Mahanubhava">Mahanubhava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramanandi_Sampradaya" title="Ramanandi Sampradaya">Ramanandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warkari" title="Warkari">Warkari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swaminarayan_Sampradaya" title="Swaminarayan Sampradaya">Swaminarayan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaivism" title="Shaivism">Shaivism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shaiva_Siddhanta" title="Shaiva Siddhanta">Shaiva Siddhanta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganapatya" title="Ganapatya">Ganapatya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashmir_Shaivism" title="Kashmir Shaivism">Kashmiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapalika" title="Kapalika">Kapalika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaumaram" title="Kaumaram">Kaumaram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingayatism" title="Lingayatism">Lingayatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nath" class="mw-redirect" title="Nath">Nath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balinese_Hinduism" title="Balinese Hinduism">Balinese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaktism" title="Shaktism">Shaktism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smarta_tradition" title="Smarta tradition">Smartism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saura_(Hinduism)" title="Saura (Hinduism)">Sauraism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Arauta" title="Śrauta">Śrauta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sant_Mat" title="Sant Mat">Sant Mat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_reform_movements" title="Hindu reform movements">Neo-Hinduism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_denominations" title="Hindu denominations">list</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theravada" title="Theravada">Theravada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahayana" title="Mahayana">Mahayana</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chan_Buddhism" title="Chan Buddhism">Chan</a>/<a href="/wiki/Zen" title="Zen">Zen</a>/<a href="/wiki/Thi%E1%BB%81n" title="Thiền">Thiền</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pure_Land_Buddhism" title="Pure Land Buddhism">Amidism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nichiren_Buddhism" title="Nichiren Buddhism">Nichiren</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vajrayana" title="Vajrayana">Vajrayana</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Buddhism" title="Tibetan Buddhism">Tibetan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_modernism" title="Buddhist modernism">Neo-Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schools_of_Buddhism" title="Schools of Buddhism">list</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ayyavazhi" title="Ayyavazhi">Ayyavazhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalash_people#Religion" title="Kalash people">Kalash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jainism" title="Jainism">Jainism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digambara" title="Digambara">Digambara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Avet%C4%81mbara" title="Śvetāmbara">Śvetāmbara</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarnaism" title="Sarnaism">Sarnaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirat_Mundhum" title="Kirat Mundhum">Kirat Mundhum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vedda#Religion" title="Vedda">Vedda religions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravidassia" title="Ravidassia">Ravidassia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism" title="Sikhism">Sikhism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khalsa" title="Khalsa">Khalsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sects_of_Sikhism" title="Sects of Sikhism">Sects</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_religion" title="Ethnic religion">Ethnic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Altaic_languages" title="Altaic languages">Altaic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turkic_mythology" title="Turkic mythology">Turko</a>-<a href="/wiki/Mongolian_shamanism" title="Mongolian shamanism">Mongolic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Burkhanism" title="Burkhanism">Burkhanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tengrism" title="Tengrism">Tengrism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vattisen_Yaly" title="Vattisen Yaly">Vattisen Yaly</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tungusic_creation_myth" title="Tungusic creation myth">Tungusic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evenks#Religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Evenks">Evenki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchu_shamanism" title="Manchu shamanism">Manchu</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Austroasiatic_languages" title="Austroasiatic languages">Austroasiatic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sarna_(place)" title="Sarna (place)">Sarnaism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Austronesian_languages" title="Austronesian languages">Austronesian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parmalim" title="Parmalim">Batak Parmalim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dayak_people#Religion_and_festivals" title="Dayak people">Dayak</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kaharingan" title="Kaharingan">Kaharingan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Sabahan_religions" title="Traditional Sabahan religions">Traditional Sabahan religions</a></li></ul></li> <li>Indonesian <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aliran_Kepercayaan" title="Aliran Kepercayaan">Aliran Kepercayaan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kejaw%C3%A8n" title="Kejawèn">Kejawèn</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapitayan" title="Kapitayan">Kapitayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pemena" title="Pemena">Karo Pemena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_folk_religion" title="Malaysian folk religion">Malaysian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_Philippine_folk_religions" title="Indigenous Philippine folk religions">Philippine Dayawism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_religious_beliefs_of_the_Tagalog_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Indigenous religious beliefs of the Tagalog people">Tagalog</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polynesian_mythology" title="Polynesian mythology">Polynesian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_religion" title="Hawaiian religion">Hawaiian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_of_M%C4%81ori_people" title="Religion of Māori people">Māori</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marapu" title="Marapu">Sumbese Marapu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunda_Wiwitan" title="Sunda Wiwitan">Sundanese Wiwitan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Native_American_religions" title="Native American religions">Native American</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abenaki_mythology" title="Abenaki mythology">Abenaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alaska_Native_religion" title="Alaska Native religion">Alaskan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anishinaabe_traditional_beliefs" title="Anishinaabe traditional beliefs">Anishinaabe</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ojibwe#Spiritual_beliefs" title="Ojibwe">Ojibwe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midewiwin" title="Midewiwin">Midewiwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wabunowin" title="Wabunowin">Wabunowin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache#Religion" title="Apache">Apache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackfoot_mythology" title="Blackfoot mythology">Blackfoot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_narratives_of_Indigenous_Californians" title="Traditional narratives of Indigenous Californians">Californian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kuksu_(religion)" title="Kuksu (religion)">Kuksu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miwok_mythology" title="Miwok mythology">Miwok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohlone_mythology" title="Ohlone mythology">Ohlone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomo_religion" title="Pomo religion">Pomo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilote_mythology" title="Chilote mythology">Chilote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choctaw_mythology" title="Choctaw mythology">Choctaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crow_religion" title="Crow religion">Crow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghost_Dance" title="Ghost Dance">Ghost Dance</a>/<a href="/wiki/Sun_Dance" title="Sun Dance">Sun Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guarani_mythology" title="Guarani mythology">Guarani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haida_mythology" title="Haida mythology">Haida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ho-Chunk_mythology" title="Ho-Chunk mythology">Ho-Chunk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iroquois_mythology" title="Iroquois mythology">Iroquois</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cherokee_spiritual_beliefs" title="Cherokee spiritual beliefs">Cherokee</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Four_Mothers_Society" title="Four Mothers Society">Four Mothers Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keetoowah_Nighthawk_Society" title="Keetoowah Nighthawk Society">Keetoowah Society</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longhouse_Religion" title="Longhouse Religion">Longhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohawk_people#Religion" title="Mohawk people">Mohawk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creek_mythology" title="Creek mythology">Muscogee Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seneca_mythology" title="Seneca mythology">Seneca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wyandot_religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Wyandot religion">Wyandot</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jivaroan_peoples#Religion" title="Jivaroan peoples">Jivaroan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwakwaka%CA%BCwakw_mythology" title="Kwakwakaʼwakw mythology">Kwakwakaʼwakw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lenape_mythology" title="Lenape mythology">Lenape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mapuche_religion" title="Mapuche religion">Mapuche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesoamerican_religion" title="Mesoamerican religion">Mesoamerican</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aztec_religion" title="Aztec religion">Aztec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_religion" title="Maya religion">Maya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pur%C3%A9pecha_religion" title="Purépecha religion">Purépecha</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muisca_mythology" title="Muisca mythology">Muisca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_Church" title="Native American Church">Native American Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navajo#Spiritual_and_religious_beliefs" title="Navajo">Navajo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuu-chah-nulth_mythology" title="Nuu-chah-nulth mythology">Nuu-chah-nulth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pawnee_mythology" title="Pawnee mythology">Pawnee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pueblo_religion" title="Pueblo religion">Pueblo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acoma_Pueblo#Religion" title="Acoma Pueblo">Acoma Pueblo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hopi_mythology" title="Hopi mythology">Hopi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zuni_mythology" title="Zuni mythology">Zuni</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sioux#Religion" title="Sioux">Sioux</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lakota_religion" title="Lakota religion">Lakota</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wocekiye" title="Wocekiye">Wocekiye</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsimshian_mythology" title="Tsimshian mythology">Tsimshian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ute_mythology" title="Ute mythology">Ute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_religions#Washat_Dreamers_Religion" title="Native American religions">Washat Dreamers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaqui#Yaqui_cosmology_and_religion" title="Yaqui">Yaqui</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Tai_peoples" title="Tai peoples">Tai</a> and <a href="/wiki/Miao_people" title="Miao people">Miao</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahom_religion" title="Ahom religion">Ahom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miao_folk_religion" title="Miao folk religion">Hmongism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mo_(religion)" title="Mo (religion)">Mo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_folk_religion" title="Tai folk religion">Satsana Phi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Tibeto-Burman_languages" title="Tibeto-Burman languages">Tibeto-Burmese</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bon" title="Bon">Bon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burmese_folk_religion" title="Burmese folk religion">Burmese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benzhuism" title="Benzhuism">Benzhuism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bimoism" title="Bimoism">Bimoism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bathouism" title="Bathouism">Bathouism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mun_(religion)" title="Mun (religion)">Bongthingism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongba" title="Dongba">Dongba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donyi-Polo" title="Donyi-Polo">Donyi-Polo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heraka" class="mw-redirect" title="Heraka">Heraka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirat_Mundhum" title="Kirat Mundhum">Kiratism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiang_folk_religion" title="Qiang folk religion">Qiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanamahism" title="Sanamahism">Sanamahism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Traditional_African_religions" title="Traditional African religions">Traditional African</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">North African</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Berber_religion" title="Traditional Berber religion">Berber</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Guanche_People" title="Church of the Guanche People">Guanche church</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Africa" title="Religion in Africa">Sub-Saharan African</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kamba_people" title="Kamba people">Akamba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akan_religion" title="Akan religion">Akan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baluba_mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Baluba mythology">Baluba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bantu_mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Bantu mythology">Bantu</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kongo_religion" title="Kongo religion">Kongo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zulu_traditional_religion" title="Zulu traditional religion">Zulu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bushongo_mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Bushongo mythology">Bushongo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinka_religion" title="Dinka religion">Dinka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dogon_religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Dogon religion">Dogon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Efik_mythology" title="Efik mythology">Efik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dahomean_religion" title="Dahomean religion">Fon and Ewe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ik_people" title="Ik people">Ik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotuko_mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Lotuko mythology">Lotuko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lozi_mythology" title="Lozi mythology">Lozi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lugbara_mythology" title="Lugbara mythology">Lugbara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maasai_mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Maasai mythology">Maasai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mbuti_mythology" title="Mbuti mythology">Mbuti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odinala" title="Odinala">Odinala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_religion" title="San religion">San</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serer_religion" title="Serer religion">Serer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tumbuka_mythology" title="Tumbuka mythology">Tumbuka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urhobo_people" title="Urhobo people">Urhobo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waaqeffanna" title="Waaqeffanna">Waaqeffanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoruba_religion" title="Yoruba religion">Yoruba</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/If%C3%A1" title="Ifá">Ifá</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_diaspora_religions" title="African diaspora religions">Diasporic</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Candombl%C3%A9" title="Candomblé">Candomblé</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Candombl%C3%A9_Bantu" title="Candomblé Bantu">Bantu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candombl%C3%A9_Jej%C3%A9" title="Candomblé Jejé">Jejé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candombl%C3%A9_Ketu" title="Candomblé Ketu">Ketu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comfa" title="Comfa">Comfa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convince" title="Convince">Convince</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Espiritismo" title="Espiritismo">Espiritismo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumina" title="Kumina">Kumina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obeah" title="Obeah">Obeah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palo_(religion)" title="Palo (religion)">Palo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quimbanda" title="Quimbanda">Quimbanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santer%C3%ADa" title="Santería">Santería</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tambor_de_Mina" title="Tambor de Mina">Tambor de Mina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinidad_Orisha" title="Trinidad Orisha">Trinidad Orisha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umbanda" title="Umbanda">Umbanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haitian_Vodou" title="Haitian Vodou">Vodou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Voodoo" title="Louisiana Voodoo">Voodoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winti" title="Winti">Winti</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Other ethnic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Aboriginal_religion_and_mythology" title="Australian Aboriginal religion and mythology">Aboriginal Australian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inuit_religion" title="Inuit religion">Inuit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papuan_mythology" title="Papuan mythology">Papuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shamanism_in_Siberia" title="Shamanism in Siberia">Siberian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/New_religious_movement" title="New religious movement">New religious movements</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Syncretic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianism_in_Russia" title="Zoroastrianism in Russia">Blagovery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahmoism" title="Brahmoism">Brahmoism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coconut_Religion" title="Coconut Religion">Coconut Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falun_Gong" title="Falun Gong">Falun Gong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_new_religions" title="Japanese new religions">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meivazhi" title="Meivazhi">Meivazhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modekngei" title="Modekngei">Modekngei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Acropolis" title="New Acropolis">New Acropolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Age" title="New Age">New Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Thought" title="New Thought">New Thought</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajneesh_movement" title="Rajneesh movement">Rajneesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rastafari" title="Rastafari">Rastafari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roerichism" title="Roerichism">Roerichism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_Sant_Mat_movements" title="Contemporary Sant Mat movements">Sant Mat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radha_Soami" title="Radha Soami">Radha Soami</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spiritualism_(movement)" title="Spiritualism (movement)">Spiritualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subud" title="Subud">Subud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tensegrity_(Castaneda)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tensegrity (Castaneda)">Tensegrity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thelema" title="Thelema">Thelema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theosophy" title="Theosophy">Theosophy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Theosophy" title="Neo-Theosophy">Neo-Theosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agni_Yoga" title="Agni Yoga">Agni Yoga</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transcendental_Meditation" title="Transcendental Meditation">Transcendental Meditation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unitarian_Universalism" title="Unitarian Universalism">Unitarian Universalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_White_Brotherhood" title="Universal White Brotherhood">White Brotherhood</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Modern_paganism" title="Modern paganism">Modern paganism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>African <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Godianism" title="Godianism">Godianism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hetanism" title="Hetanism">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltic_neopaganism" title="Baltic neopaganism">Baltic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dievtur%C4%ABba" title="Dievturība">Dievturība</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romuva_(religion)" title="Romuva (religion)">Romuva</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caucasian_neopaganism" title="Caucasian neopaganism">Caucasian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abkhaz_neopaganism" class="mw-redirect" title="Abkhaz neopaganism">Abkhaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adyghe_Xabze" title="Adyghe Xabze">Circassian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_neopaganism" title="Celtic neopaganism">Celtic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Druidry_(modern)" title="Druidry (modern)">Druidry</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heathenry_(new_religious_movement)" title="Heathenry (new religious movement)">Germanic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellenism_(modern_religion)" title="Hellenism (modern religion)">Hellenism (modern religion)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoshamanism" title="Neoshamanism">Neoshamanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assianism" title="Assianism">Ossetian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polytheistic_reconstructionism" title="Polytheistic reconstructionism">Polytheistic reconstructionism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reconstructionist_Roman_religion" title="Reconstructionist Roman religion">Italo-Roman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kemetism" title="Kemetism">Kemetism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zalmoxianism" title="Zalmoxianism">Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavic_Native_Faith" title="Slavic Native Faith">Slavic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Authentism" title="Russian Authentism">Authentism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uralic_neopaganism" title="Uralic neopaganism">Uralic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_neopaganism" title="Estonian neopaganism">Estonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_Finnish_paganism" title="Modern Finnish paganism">Finnish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Native_Faith" title="Hungarian Native Faith">Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mari_religion" title="Mari religion">Mari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erzyan_native_religion" title="Erzyan native religion">Erzya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A1mi_shamanism" title="Sámi shamanism">Sámi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udmurt_Vos" title="Udmurt Vos">Udmurt</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wicca" title="Wicca">Wicca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zalmoxianism" title="Zalmoxianism">Zalmoxianism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_modern_pagan_movements" title="List of modern pagan movements">list</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">De novo</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anthroposophy" title="Anthroposophy">Anthroposophy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Christian_Community" title="The Christian Community">The Christian Community</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discordianism" title="Discordianism">Discordianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eckankar" title="Eckankar">Eckankar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Way" title="Fourth Way">Fourth Way</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goddess_movement" title="Goddess movement">Goddess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jediism" title="Jediism">Jediism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satanism" title="Satanism">Satanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientology" title="Scientology">Scientology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UFO_religion" title="UFO religion">UFO religion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ra%C3%ABlism" title="Raëlism">Raëlism</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Historical_religions" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/History_of_religion" title="History of religion">Historical religions</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_religion" title="Prehistoric religion">Prehistoric</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paleolithic_religion" title="Paleolithic religion">Paleolithic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ainu_people#Religion" title="Ainu people">Ainu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_pre-Islamic_Arabia" title="Religion in pre-Islamic Arabia">Arabian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_mythology" title="Armenian mythology">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltic_mythology" title="Baltic mythology">Baltic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_mythology" title="Latvian mythology">Latvian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_mythology" title="Lithuanian mythology">Lithuanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prussian_mythology" title="Prussian mythology">Old Prussian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basque_mythology" title="Basque mythology">Basque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Celtic_religion" title="Ancient Celtic religion">Celtic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Druid" title="Druid">Druidism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_mythology" title="Irish mythology">Irish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cook_Islands_mythology" title="Cook Islands mythology">Cook Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dravidian_folk_religion" title="Dravidian folk religion">Dravidian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_religion" title="Ancient Egyptian religion">Egyptian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atenism" title="Atenism">Atenism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etruscan_religion" title="Etruscan religion">Etruscan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_mythology" title="Finnish mythology">Finnish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuegians#Spiritual_culture" title="Fuegians">Fuegian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Selk%27nam_mythology" title="Selk'nam mythology">Selk'nam</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_mythology" title="Georgian mythology">Georgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germanic_paganism" title="Germanic paganism">Germanic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_paganism" title="Anglo-Saxon paganism">Anglo-Saxon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Germanic_mythology" title="Continental Germanic mythology">Continental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frankish_paganism" title="Frankish paganism">Frankish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Norse_religion" title="Old Norse religion">Norse</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_religion" title="Ancient Greek religion">Greek</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gnosticism" title="Gnosticism">Gnosticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greco-Buddhism" title="Greco-Buddhism">Greco-Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermeticism" title="Hermeticism">Hermeticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greco-Roman_mysteries" title="Greco-Roman mysteries">Mysteries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orphism_(religion)" title="Orphism (religion)">Orphism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guanches#System_of_beliefs" title="Guanches">Guanche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indus_Valley_Civilisation#Religion" title="Indus Valley Civilisation">Harappan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hittite_mythology_and_religion" title="Hittite mythology and religion">Hittite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_mythology" title="Hungarian mythology">Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurrian_religion" title="Hurrian religion">Hurrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illinois_Confederacy#Religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Illinois Confederacy">Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inca_mythology" title="Inca mythology">Inca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaican_Maroon_religion" title="Jamaican Maroon religion">Jamaican Maroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manichaeism" title="Manichaeism">Manichaeism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mazdak" title="Mazdak">Mazdakism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melanesian_mythology" title="Melanesian mythology">Melanesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Mesopotamian_religion" title="Ancient Mesopotamian religion">Mesopotamian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Babylonian_religion" title="Babylonian religion">Babylonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumerian_religion" title="Sumerian religion">Sumerian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micronesian_mythology" title="Micronesian mythology">Micronesian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nauruan_Indigenous_religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Nauruan Indigenous religion">Nauruan Indigenous religion</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olmec_religion" title="Olmec religion">Olmec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleo-Balkan_mythology" title="Paleo-Balkan mythology">Paleo-Balkan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_folk_beliefs" class="mw-redirect" title="Albanian folk beliefs">Albanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dacian_mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Dacian mythology">Dacian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illyrian_religion" title="Illyrian religion">Illyrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thracian_religion" title="Thracian religion">Thracian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Indo-Iranian_religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Proto-Indo-Iranian religion">Proto-Indo-Iranian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Iranian_religion" title="Ancient Iranian religion">Iranian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_Vedic_religion" title="Historical Vedic religion">Vedic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basketmaker_III_Era#Culture_and_religion" title="Basketmaker III Era">Ancestral Pueblo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pueblo_II_Period#Culture_and_religion" title="Pueblo II Period">Pueblo II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pueblo_III_Period#Culture_and_religion" title="Pueblo III Period">Pueblo III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pueblo_IV_Period#Culture_and_religion" title="Pueblo IV Period">Pueblo IV</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapa_Nui_mythology" title="Rapa Nui mythology">Rapa Nui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_ancient_Rome" title="Religion in ancient Rome">Roman</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cybele" title="Cybele">Cult of Magna Mater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallo-Roman_religion" title="Gallo-Roman religion">Gallo-Roman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_imperial_cult" title="Roman imperial cult">Imperial cult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mithraism" title="Mithraism">Mithraism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mysteries_of_Isis" title="Mysteries of Isis">Mysteries of Isis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Semitic_religion" title="Ancient Semitic religion">Semitic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canaanite_religion" title="Canaanite religion">Canaanite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punic_religion" title="Punic religion">Punic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahwism" title="Yahwism">Yahwism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scythian_religion" title="Scythian religion">Scythian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavic_paganism" title="Slavic paganism">Slavic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_mythology" title="Somali mythology">Somali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongan_religion" title="Tongan religion">Tongan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urartu#Religion" title="Urartu">Urartu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vainakh_religion" title="Vainakh religion">Vainakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zapotec_civilization#Religion_and_Myth" title="Zapotec civilization">Zapotec</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Topics</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Aspects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostasy" title="Apostasy">Apostasy</a> / <a href="/wiki/Religious_disaffiliation" title="Religious disaffiliation">Disaffiliation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_behaviour" title="Religious behaviour">Behaviour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belief#Religion" title="Belief">Beliefs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Call_to_prayer" title="Call to prayer">Call to prayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laicism" title="Laicism">Laicism</a> / <a href="/wiki/Laity" title="Laity">Laity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Covenant_(religion)" title="Covenant (religion)">Covenant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_conversion" title="Religious conversion">Conversion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deity" title="Deity">Deities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_denomination" title="Religious denomination">Denomination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entheogen" title="Entheogen">Entheogens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_religion" title="Ethnic religion">Ethnic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faith" title="Faith">Faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_worship" title="Fire worship">Fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_religion" title="Folk religion">Folk religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God" title="God">God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goddess" title="Goddess">Goddess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_religion" title="Indigenous religion">Indigenous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meditation" title="Meditation">Meditation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monasticism" title="Monasticism">Monasticism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monk" title="Monk">Monk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novice" title="Novice">Novice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nun" title="Nun">Nun</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mysticism" title="Mysticism">Mysticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_mythology" title="Religion and mythology">Mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordination" title="Ordination">Ordination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthodoxy" title="Orthodoxy">Orthodoxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthopraxy" title="Orthopraxy">Orthopraxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paganism" title="Paganism">Paganism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prayer" title="Prayer">Prayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prophecy" title="Prophecy">Prophecy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_experience" title="Religious experience">Religious experience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ritual" title="Ritual">Ritual</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liturgy" title="Liturgy">Liturgy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ritual_purification" title="Ritual purification">Purification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacrifice" title="Sacrifice">Sacrifice</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_space" title="Sacred space">Sacred space</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_waters" title="Sacred waters">Bodies of water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_grove" title="Sacred grove">Groves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_mountains" title="Sacred mountains">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_tree" title="Sacred tree">Trees</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soul" title="Soul">Soul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spirituality" title="Spirituality">Spirituality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supernatural" title="Supernatural">Supernatural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_symbol" title="Religious symbol">Symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_text" title="Religious text">Text</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_views_on_truth" title="Religious views on truth">Truth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_and_religion" title="Water and religion">Water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worship" title="Worship">Worship</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Worship_of_heavenly_bodies" title="Worship of heavenly bodies">Astral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nature_worship" title="Nature worship">Nature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Place_of_worship" title="Place of worship">Place</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Theism" title="Theism">Theism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animism" title="Animism">Animism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deism" title="Deism">Deism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dualism_in_cosmology" title="Dualism in cosmology">Dualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henotheism" title="Henotheism">Henotheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monotheism" title="Monotheism">Monotheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nontheism" title="Nontheism">Nontheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panentheism" title="Panentheism">Panentheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pantheism" title="Pantheism">Pantheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polytheism" title="Polytheism">Polytheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transtheism" title="Transtheism">Transtheism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religious_studies" title="Religious studies">Religious studies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anthropology_of_religion" title="Anthropology of religion">Anthropology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cognitive_science_of_religion" title="Cognitive science of religion">Cognitive science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparative_religion" title="Comparative religion">Comparative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_origin_of_religion" title="Evolutionary origin of religion">Evolutionary origin of religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_psychology_of_religion" title="Evolutionary psychology of religion">Evolutionary psychology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_religion" title="History of religion">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuroscience_of_religion" title="Neuroscience of religion">Neurotheology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_religion" title="Philosophy of religion">Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychology_of_religion" title="Psychology of religion">Psychology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sociology_of_religion" title="Sociology of religion">Sociology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soteriology" title="Soteriology">Soteriology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Salvation" title="Salvation">Salvation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theology" title="Theology">Theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theories_about_religion" title="Theories about religion">Theories about religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_and_religion" title="Women and religion">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Religion_and_society" title="Category:Religion and society">Religion and society</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_agriculture" title="Religion and agriculture">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_business" title="Religion and business">Business</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clericalism" title="Clericalism">Clericalism</a> / <a href="/wiki/Clergy" title="Clergy">Clergy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monasticism" title="Monasticism">Monasticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordination" title="Ordination">Ordination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priest" title="Priest">Priest</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_conversion" title="Religious conversion">Conversion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religious_assimilation" title="Religious assimilation">Assimilation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missionary" title="Missionary">Missionary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proselytism" title="Proselytism">Proselytism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disability_and_religion" title="Disability and religion">Disability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_education" title="Religious education">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_fanaticism" title="Religious fanaticism">Fanaticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion" title="Freedom of religion">Freedom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religious_pluralism" title="Religious pluralism">Pluralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syncretism" title="Syncretism">Syncretism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toleration" title="Toleration">Toleration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universalism" title="Universalism">Universalism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fundamentalism" title="Fundamentalism">Fundamentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Growth_of_religion" title="Growth of religion">Growth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_happiness" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion and happiness">Happiness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homosexuality_and_religion" title="Homosexuality and religion">Homosexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minority_religion" title="Minority religion">Minorities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_church" title="National church">National church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Importance_of_religion_by_country" title="Importance of religion by country">National religiosity levels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_politics" title="Religion in politics">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_religious_populations" title="List of religious populations">Populations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religiocentrism" title="Religiocentrism">Religiocentrism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schism" title="Schism">Schism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relationship_between_religion_and_science" title="Relationship between religion and science">Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_religion" title="State religion">State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theocracy" title="Theocracy">Theocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarianism_and_religion" title="Vegetarianism and religion">Vegetarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_video_games" title="Religion and video games">Video games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_violence" title="Religious violence">Violence</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religious_persecution" title="Religious persecution">Persecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_terrorism" title="Religious terrorism">Terrorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_war" title="Religious war">War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sectarian_violence" title="Sectarian violence">Sectarian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wealth_and_religion" title="Wealth and religion">Wealth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Secularism" title="Secularism">Secularism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Irreligion" title="Irreligion">irreligion</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agnosticism" title="Agnosticism">Agnosticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antireligion" title="Antireligion">Antireligion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atheism" title="Atheism">Atheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_religion" title="Criticism of religion">Criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Positive_deconstruction" title="Positive deconstruction">Deconstruction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Objectivism" title="Objectivism">Objectivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secular_humanism" title="Secular humanism">Secular humanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secular_theology" title="Secular theology">Secular theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secularization" title="Secularization">Secularization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Separation_of_church_and_state" title="Separation of church and state">Separation of church and state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_religions_and_spiritual_traditions" title="List of religions and spiritual traditions">Unaffiliated</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Overviews and <a href="/wiki/Category:Religion-related_lists" title="Category:Religion-related lists">lists</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Table_of_prophets_of_Abrahamic_religions" title="Table of prophets of Abrahamic religions">Abrahamic prophets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_who_have_been_considered_deities" title="List of people who have been considered deities">Deification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_deities" title="Lists of deities">Deities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_founders_of_religious_traditions" title="List of founders of religious traditions">Founders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_religion-related_articles" title="Index of religion-related articles">Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_peaceful_gatherings" title="List of largest peaceful gatherings">Mass gatherings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Names_of_God" title="Names of God">Names of God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_new_religious_movements" title="List of new religious movements">New religious movements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_religious_organizations" title="List of religious organizations">Organizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_religion" title="Outline of religion">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_religions_and_spiritual_traditions" title="List of religions and spiritual traditions">Religions and spiritual traditions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_studies" title="Religious studies">Scholars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_religion" title="Timeline of religion">Timeline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Religion_by_country" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Religion by country</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Africa" title="Religion in Africa">Africa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Algeria" title="Religion in Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Angola" title="Religion in Angola">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Benin" title="Religion in Benin">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Botswana" title="Religion in Botswana">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Burkina_Faso" title="Religion in Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Burundi" title="Religion in Burundi">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Cameroon" title="Religion in Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Cape_Verde" title="Religion in Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Central_African_Republic" title="Religion in the Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Chad" title="Religion in Chad">Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Comoros" title="Religion in the Comoros">Comoros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Religion in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Religion in the Republic of the Congo">Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Djibouti" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in Djibouti">Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Egypt" title="Religion in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Equatorial_Guinea" title="Religion in Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Eritrea" title="Religion in Eritrea">Eritrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Eswatini" title="Religion in Eswatini">Eswatini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Ethiopia" title="Religion in Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Gabon" title="Religion in Gabon">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Gambia" title="Religion in the Gambia">Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Ghana" title="Religion in Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Guinea" title="Religion in Guinea">Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Guinea-Bissau" title="Religion in Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Ivory_Coast" title="Religion in Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Kenya" title="Religion in Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Lesotho" title="Religion in Lesotho">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Liberia" title="Religion in Liberia">Liberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Libya" title="Religion in Libya">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Madagascar" title="Religion in Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Malawi" title="Religion in Malawi">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Mali" title="Religion in Mali">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Mauritania" title="Religion in Mauritania">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Mauritius" title="Religion in Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Morocco" title="Religion in Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Mozambique" title="Religion in Mozambique">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Namibia" title="Religion in Namibia">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Niger" title="Religion in Niger">Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Nigeria" title="Religion in Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Rwanda" title="Religion in Rwanda">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="Religion in São Tomé and Príncipe">São Tomé and Príncipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Senegal" title="Religion in Senegal">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Seychelles" title="Religion in Seychelles">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Sierra_Leone" title="Religion in Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Somalia" title="Religion in Somalia">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_South_Africa" title="Religion in South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_South_Sudan" title="Religion in South Sudan">South Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Sudan" title="Religion in Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Tanzania" title="Religion in Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Togo" title="Religion in Togo">Togo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Tunisia" title="Religion in Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Uganda" title="Religion in Uganda">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Zambia" title="Religion in Zambia">Zambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Zimbabwe" title="Religion in Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Asia" title="Religion in Asia">Asia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Afghanistan" title="Religion in Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Armenia" title="Religion in Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Azerbaijan" title="Religion in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Bahrain" title="Religion in Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Bangladesh" title="Religion in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Bhutan" title="Religion in Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Brunei" title="Religion in Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Cambodia" title="Religion in Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_China" title="Religion in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Cyprus" title="Religion in Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_East_Timor" title="Religion in East Timor">East Timor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Georgia_(country)" title="Religion in Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Hong_Kong" title="Religion in Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_India" title="Religion in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Indonesia" title="Religion in Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Iran" title="Religion in Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Iraq" title="Religion in Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Israel" title="Religion in Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Japan" title="Religion in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Jordan" title="Religion in Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Kazakhstan" title="Religion in Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Korea" title="Religion in Korea">Korea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_North_Korea" title="Religion in North Korea">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_South_Korea" title="Religion in South Korea">South Korea</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Kuwait" title="Religion in Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Kyrgyzstan" title="Religion in Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Laos" title="Religion in Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Lebanon" title="Religion in Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Macau" title="Religion in Macau">Macau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Malaysia" title="Religion in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Maldives" title="Religion in the Maldives">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Mongolia" title="Religion in Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Myanmar" title="Religion in Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Nepal" title="Religion in Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Oman" title="Religion in Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Pakistan" title="Religion in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_State_of_Palestine" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in the State of Palestine">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Philippines" title="Religion in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Qatar" title="Religion in Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Religion in Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Singapore" title="Religion in Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Religion in Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Syria" title="Religion in Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Taiwan" title="Religion in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Tajikistan" title="Religion in Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Thailand" title="Religion in Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Turkey" title="Religion in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Turkmenistan" title="Religion in Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Religion in the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Uzbekistan" title="Religion in Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Vietnam" title="Religion in Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Yemen" title="Religion in Yemen">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Europe" title="Religion in Europe">Europe</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Albania" title="Religion in Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Andorra" title="Religion in Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Austria" title="Religion in Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Belarus" title="Religion in Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Belgium" title="Religion in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Religion in Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Bulgaria" title="Religion in Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Croatia" title="Religion in Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Czech_Republic" title="Religion in the Czech Republic">Czechia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Denmark" title="Religion in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Estonia" title="Religion in Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Finland" title="Religion in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_France" title="Religion in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Germany" title="Religion in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Greece" title="Religion in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Hungary" title="Religion in Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Iceland" title="Religion in Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Religion in the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Italy" title="Religion in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Kosovo" title="Religion in Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Latvia" title="Religion in Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Liechtenstein" title="Religion in Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Lithuania" title="Religion in Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Luxembourg" title="Religion in Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Malta" title="Religion in Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Moldova" title="Religion in Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Monaco" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in Monaco">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Montenegro" title="Religion in Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Netherlands" title="Religion in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_North_Macedonia" title="Religion in North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Norway" title="Religion in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Poland" title="Religion in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Portugal" title="Religion in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Romania" title="Religion in Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Russia" title="Religion in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_San_Marino" title="Religion in San Marino">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Serbia" title="Religion in Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Slovakia" title="Religion in Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Slovenia" title="Religion in Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Spain" title="Religion in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Sweden" title="Religion in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Switzerland" title="Religion in Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Ukraine" title="Religion in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Religion in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_England" title="Religion in England">England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Northern_Ireland" title="Religion in Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Scotland" title="Religion in Scotland">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Wales" title="Religion in Wales">Wales</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_North_America" title="Religion in North America">North America</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Religion in Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Bahamas" title="Religion in the Bahamas">Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Barbados" title="Religion in Barbados">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Belize" title="Religion in Belize">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Canada" title="Religion in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Costa_Rica" title="Religion in Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Cuba" title="Religion in Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Dominica" title="Religion in Dominica">Dominica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Religion in the Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_El_Salvador" title="Religion in El Salvador">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Grenada" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in Grenada">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Guatemala" title="Religion in Guatemala">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Haiti" title="Religion in Haiti">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Honduras" title="Religion in Honduras">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Jamaica" title="Religion in Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Mexico" title="Religion in Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Nicaragua" title="Religion in Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Panama" title="Religion in Panama">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in Saint Kitts and Nevis">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Saint_Lucia" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Religion in Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_United_States" title="Religion in the United States">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Oceania" title="Religion in Oceania">Oceania</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Australia" title="Religion in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Fiji" title="Religion in Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Kiribati" title="Religion in Kiribati">Kiribati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Marshall_Islands" title="Religion in the Marshall Islands">Marshall Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia" title="Religion in the Federated States of Micronesia">Micronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Nauru" title="Religion in Nauru">Nauru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_New_Zealand" title="Religion in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Palau" title="Religion in Palau">Palau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Religion in Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Samoa" title="Religion in Samoa">Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Solomon_Islands" title="Religion in Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Tonga" title="Religion in Tonga">Tonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Tuvalu" title="Religion in Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Vanuatu" title="Religion in Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_South_America" title="Religion in South America">South America</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Argentina" title="Religion in Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Bolivia" title="Religion in Bolivia">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Brazil" title="Religion in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Chile" title="Religion in Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Colombia" title="Religion in Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Ecuador" title="Religion in Ecuador">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Guyana" title="Religion in Guyana">Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Paraguay" title="Religion in Paraguay">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Peru" title="Religion in Peru">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Suriname" title="Religion in Suriname">Suriname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Uruguay" title="Religion in Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Venezuela" title="Religion in Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Religion" title="Category:Religion">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Religion" title="Portal:Religion">Portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="New_religious_movements" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:New_Religious_Movements" title="Template:New Religious Movements"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:New_Religious_Movements" title="Template talk:New Religious Movements"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:New_Religious_Movements" title="Special:EditPage/Template:New Religious Movements"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="New_religious_movements" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/New_religious_movement" title="New religious movement">New religious movements</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adi_Dharm" title="Adi Dharm">Adi Dharm</a>/<a href="/wiki/Brahmoism" title="Brahmoism">Brahmoism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adventism" title="Adventism">Adventism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_God_(Seventh_Day)" title="Church of God (Seventh Day)">CoG7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seventh-day_Adventist_Church" title="Seventh-day Adventist Church">SDA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aetherius_Society" title="Aetherius Society">Aetherius Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya" title="Ahmadiyya">Ahmadiyya</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lahore_Ahmadiyya_Movement" title="Lahore Ahmadiyya Movement">Lahore Ahmadiyya</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ananda_Marga" title="Ananda Marga">Ananda Marga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Mystical_Order_Rosae_Crucis" title="Ancient Mystical Order Rosae Crucis">Ancient Mystical Order Rosae Crucis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthroposophical_Society" title="Anthroposophical Society">Anthroposophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoinism" title="Antoinism">Antoinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armstrongism" title="Armstrongism">Armstrongism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A1bism" title="Bábism">Bábism</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Baháʼí Faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bible_Student_movement" title="Bible Student movement">Bible Students</a>/<a href="/wiki/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses" title="Jehovah's Witnesses">Jehovah's Witnesses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Hebrew_Israelites" title="Black Hebrew Israelites">Black Hebrew Israelites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahma_Kumaris" title="Brahma Kumaris">Brahma Kumaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Branch_Davidians" title="Branch Davidians">Branch Davidians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brotherhood_of_the_Cross_and_Star" title="Brotherhood of the Cross and Star">Brotherhood of the Cross and Star</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caodaism" title="Caodaism">Caodaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chabad" title="Chabad">Chabad</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Noahidism" title="Noahidism">Noahidism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charismatic_Christianity" title="Charismatic Christianity">Charismatic Christianity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pentecostalism" title="Pentecostalism">Pentecostal</a> (<a href="/wiki/Oneness_Pentecostalism" title="Oneness Pentecostalism">Oneness</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charismatic_movement" title="Charismatic movement">Charismatic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-charismatic_movement" title="Neo-charismatic movement">Neo-charismatic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_salvationist_religions" title="Chinese salvationist religions">Chinese salvationist religions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinmaya_Mission" title="Chinmaya Mission">Chinmaya Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christadelphians" title="Christadelphians">Christadelphians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Science" title="Christian Science">Christian Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Divine_Science" title="Church of Divine Science">Church of Divine Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Scientology" title="Church of Scientology">Church of Scientology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Guanche_People" title="Church of the Guanche People">Church of the Guanche People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creativity_(religion)" title="Creativity (religion)">Creativity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discordianism" title="Discordianism">Discordianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falun_Gong" title="Falun Gong">Falun Gong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Family_International" title="The Family International">The Family International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friends_of_Man" title="Friends of Man">Friends of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Way" title="Fourth Way">Fourth Way</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fung_Loy_Kok_Institute_of_Taoism" class="mw-redirect" title="Fung Loy Kok Institute of Taoism">Fung Loy Kok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goddess_movement" title="Goddess movement">Goddess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godianism" title="Godianism">Godianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heaven%27s_Gate_(religious_group)" title="Heaven's Gate (religious group)">Heaven's Gate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanistic_Judaism" title="Humanistic Judaism">Humanistic Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iglesia_ni_Cristo" title="Iglesia ni Cristo">Iglesia ni Cristo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Peace_Mission_movement" title="International Peace Mission movement">International Peace Mission movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Society_for_Krishna_Consciousness" title="International Society for Krishna Consciousness">ISKCON</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invitation_to_Life" title="Invitation to Life">Invitation to Life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Renewal" title="Jewish Renewal">Jewish Renewal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Jesus_Christ_(church)" title="Kingdom of Jesus Christ (church)">Kingdom of Jesus Christ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missionary_Church_of_Kopimism" title="Missionary Church of Kopimism">Kopimism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latter_Day_Saint_movement" title="Latter Day Saint movement">Latter Day Saints</a>/<a href="/wiki/Mormonism" title="Mormonism">Mormonism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maha_Bodhi_Society" title="Maha Bodhi Society">Maha Bodhi Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messianic_Judaism" title="Messianic Judaism">Messianic Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_paganism" title="Modern paganism">Modern paganism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Druidry_(modern)" title="Druidry (modern)">Druidry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heathenry_(new_religious_movement)" title="Heathenry (new religious movement)">Heathenry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavic_Native_Faith" title="Slavic Native Faith">Rodnovery</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moorish_Science_Temple_of_America" title="Moorish Science Temple of America">Moorish Science Temple of America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nation_of_Islam" title="Nation of Islam">Nation of Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Acropolis" title="New Acropolis">New Acropolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Apostolic_Church" title="New Apostolic Church">New Apostolic Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_New_Church_(Swedenborgian)" title="The New Church (Swedenborgian)">The New Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Confucianism" title="New Confucianism">New Confucianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Kadampa_Tradition" title="New Kadampa Tradition">New Kadampa Tradition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Thought" title="New Thought">New Thought</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religious_Science" title="Religious Science">Religious Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unity_Church" title="Unity Church">Unity Church</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuwaubian_Nation" title="Nuwaubian Nation">Nuwaubian Nation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oomoto" title="Oomoto">Oomoto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opus_Dei" title="Opus Dei">Opus Dei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmarian_Catholic_Church" title="Palmarian Catholic Church">Palmarian Catholic Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peoples_Temple" title="Peoples Temple">Peoples Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pilgrims_of_Ar%C3%A8s" title="Pilgrims of Arès">Pilgrims of Arès</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prathyaksha_Raksha_Daiva_Sabha" title="Prathyaksha Raksha Daiva Sabha">Prathyaksha Raksha Daiva Sabha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Process_Church_of_the_Final_Judgment" title="Process Church of the Final Judgment">The Process Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ra%C3%ABlism" title="Raëlism">Raëlism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajneesh_movement" title="Rajneesh movement">Rajneesh movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramakrishna_Mission" title="Ramakrishna Mission">Ramakrishna Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rastafari" title="Rastafari">Rastafari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rissh%C5%8D_K%C5%8Dsei_Kai" title="Risshō Kōsei Kai">Risshō Kōsei Kai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahaja_Yoga" title="Sahaja Yoga">Sahaja Yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_Sant_Mat_movements" title="Contemporary Sant Mat movements">Sant Mat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radha_Soami" title="Radha Soami">Radha Soami</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Muerte" title="Santa Muerte">Santa Muerte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santo_Daime" title="Santo Daime">Santo Daime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satanism" title="Satanism">Satanism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LaVeyan_Satanism" title="LaVeyan Satanism">LaVeyan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Satan" title="Church of Satan">Church of Satan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Set" title="Temple of Set">Temple of Set</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Satanic_Temple" title="The Satanic Temple">The Satanic Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theistic_Satanism" title="Theistic Satanism">Theistic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joy_of_Satan_Ministries" title="Joy of Satan Ministries">Joy of Satan Ministries</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sathya_Sai_Baba_movement" title="Sathya Sai Baba movement">Sathya Sai Baba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakers" title="Shakers">Shakers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shambhala_Training" title="Shambhala Training">Shambhala Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shri_Ram_Chandra_Mission" title="Shri Ram Chandra Mission">Shri Ram Chandra Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soka_Gakkai" title="Soka Gakkai">Soka Gakkai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spiritualism_(movement)" title="Spiritualism (movement)">Spiritualism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kardecist_spiritism" title="Kardecist spiritism">Spiritism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukyo_Mahikari" title="Sukyo Mahikari">Sukyo Mahikari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenrikyo" title="Tenrikyo">Tenrikyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thelema" title="Thelema">Thelema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theosophy" title="Theosophy">Theosophy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theosophical_Society" title="Theosophical Society">Theosophical Society</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transcendental_Meditation_movement" title="Transcendental Meditation movement">Transcendental Meditation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/True_Buddha_School" title="True Buddha School">True Buddha School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twelve_Tribes_communities" title="Twelve Tribes communities">Twelve Tribes communities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unarius_Academy_of_Science" title="Unarius Academy of Science">Unarius Academy of Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unification_Church" title="Unification Church">Unification Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unitarian_Universalist_Association" title="Unitarian Universalist Association">Unitarian Universalist Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quranism#United_Submitters_International" title="Quranism">United Submitters International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Church_of_the_Kingdom_of_God" title="Universal Church of the Kingdom of God">Universal Church of the Kingdom of God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_White_Brotherhood" title="Universal White Brotherhood">Universal White Brotherhood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vipassana_movement" title="Vipassana movement">Vipassana movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Lightning" title="Eastern Lightning">Eastern Lightning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Way_International" title="The Way International">The Way International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weixinism" title="Weixinism">Weixinjiao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wicca" title="Wicca">Wicca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Word_of_Faith" title="Word of Faith">Word of Faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Mission_Society_Church_of_God" title="World Mission Society Church of God">World Mission Society Church of God</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Notable figures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mirza_Ghulam_Ahmad" title="Mirza Ghulam Ahmad">Mirza Ghulam Ahmad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noble_Drew_Ali" title="Noble Drew Ali">Noble Drew Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshall_Applewhite" title="Marshall Applewhite">Marshall Applewhite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_W._Armstrong" title="Herbert W. Armstrong">Herbert W. Armstrong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoko_Asahara" title="Shoko Asahara">Shoko Asahara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Aurobindo" title="Sri Aurobindo">Sri Aurobindo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A1b" title="Báb">Báb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sathya_Sai_Baba" title="Sathya Sai Baba">Sathya Sai Baba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BCu%27ll%C3%A1h" title="Baháʼu'lláh">Baháʼu'lláh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Bailey" title="Alice Bailey">Alice Bailey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinmayananda_Saraswati" title="Chinmayananda Saraswati">Chinmayananda Saraswati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Berg" title="David Berg">David Berg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helena_Blavatsky" title="Helena Blavatsky">Helena Blavatsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Chinmoy" title="Sri Chinmoy">Sri Chinmoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleister_Crowley" title="Aleister Crowley">Aleister Crowley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Baker_Eddy" title="Mary Baker Eddy">Mary Baker Eddy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josemar%C3%ADa_Escriv%C3%A1" title="Josemaría Escrivá">Josemaría Escrivá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Farrakhan" title="Louis Farrakhan">Louis Farrakhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Fillmore_(Unity_Church)" title="Charles Fillmore (Unity Church)">Charles Fillmore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelsang_Gyatso" title="Kelsang Gyatso">Kelsang Gyatso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hak_Ja_Han" title="Hak Ja Han">Hak Ja Han</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L._Ron_Hubbard" title="L. Ron Hubbard">L. Ron Hubbard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Hongzhi" title="Li Hongzhi">Li Hongzhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Koresh" title="David Koresh">David Koresh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anton_LaVey" title="Anton LaVey">Anton LaVey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jorge_%C3%81ngel_Livraga_Rizzi" title="Jorge Ángel Livraga Rizzi">Jorge Ángel Livraga Rizzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lu_Sheng-yen" title="Lu Sheng-yen">Lu Sheng-yen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maharishi_Mahesh_Yogi" title="Maharishi Mahesh Yogi">Maharishi Mahesh Yogi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meher_Baba" title="Meher Baba">Meher Baba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikky%C5%8D_Niwano" title="Nikkyō Niwano">Nikkyō Niwano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sun_Myung_Moon" title="Sun Myung Moon">Sun Myung Moon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elijah_Muhammad" title="Elijah Muhammad">Elijah Muhammad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakayama_Miki" title="Nakayama Miki">Nakayama Miki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._C._Bhaktivedanta_Swami_Prabhupada" title="A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada">A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phineas_Parkhurst_Quimby" title="Phineas Parkhurst Quimby">Phineas Parkhurst Quimby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ra%C3%ABl" title="Raël">Raël</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajneesh" title="Rajneesh">Rajneesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramakrishna" title="Ramakrishna">Ramakrishna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prem_Rawat" title="Prem Rawat">Prem Rawat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helena_Roerich" title="Helena Roerich">Helena Roerich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Taze_Russell" title="Charles Taze Russell">Charles Taze Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Franklin_Rutherford" title="Joseph Franklin Rutherford">Joseph Franklin Rutherford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahn_Sahng-hong" title="Ahn Sahng-hong">Ahn Sahng-hong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prabhat_Ranjan_Sarkar" title="Prabhat Ranjan Sarkar">Prabhat Ranjan Sarkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menachem_Mendel_Schneerson" title="Menachem Mendel Schneerson">Menachem Mendel Schneerson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiv_Dayal_Singh" title="Shiv Dayal Singh">Shiv Dayal Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Smith" title="Joseph Smith">Joseph Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nirmala_Srivastava" title="Nirmala Srivastava">Nirmala Srivastava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emanuel_Swedenborg" title="Emanuel Swedenborg">Emanuel Swedenborg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Steiner" title="Rudolf Steiner">Rudolf Steiner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_W._Tkach" title="Joseph W. Tkach">Joseph W. Tkach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%B6gyam_Trungpa" title="Chögyam Trungpa">Chögyam Trungpa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellen_G._White" title="Ellen G. White">Ellen G. White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poykayil_Yohannan" title="Poykayil Yohannan">Poykayil Yohannan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By region</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_religious_movements_in_the_Pacific_Northwest" title="New religious movements in the Pacific Northwest">Pacific Northwest</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African-initiated_church" title="African-initiated church">African-initiated church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_modernism" title="Buddhist modernism">Buddhist modernism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chabad_messianism" title="Chabad messianism">Chabad messianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_denomination" title="Christian denomination">Christian denomination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sociological_classifications_of_religious_movements" title="Sociological classifications of religious movements">Classifications of religious movements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conspiracy_theory" title="Conspiracy theory">Conspiracy theories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cult" title="Cult">Cult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cybersectarianism" title="Cybersectarianism">Cybersectarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doomsday_cult" title="Doomsday cult">Doomsday cult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heresy" title="Heresy">Heresy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_reform_movements" title="Hindu reform movements">Hindu reform movements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/In-group_favoritism" title="In-group favoritism">In-group favoritism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_new_religions" title="Japanese new religions">Japanese new religions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoshamanism" title="Neoshamanism">Neoshamanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Age" title="New Age">New Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open-source_religion" title="Open-source religion">Open-source religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polytheistic_reconstructionism" title="Polytheistic reconstructionism">Polytheistic reconstructionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prosperity_theology" title="Prosperity theology">Prosperity theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_conversion" title="Religious conversion">Religious conversion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_syncretism" title="Religious syncretism">Religious syncretism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schism" title="Schism">Schism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sect" title="Sect">Sect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self_religion" title="Self religion">Self religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spiritual_evolution" title="Spiritual evolution">Spiritual evolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UFO_religion" title="UFO religion">UFO religion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Public education</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CESNUR" title="CESNUR">CESNUR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/INFORM" title="INFORM">INFORM (Information Network Focus on Religious Movements)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Religions_and_Spirituality_Project" title="World Religions and Spirituality Project">World Religions and Spirituality Project</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Scholarship</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Academic_study_of_new_religious_movements" title="Academic study of new religious movements">Academic study of new religious movements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthropology_of_religion" title="Anthropology of religion">Anthropology of religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_religion" title="History of religion">History of religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Contemporary_Religion" title="Journal of Contemporary Religion">Journal of Contemporary Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nova_Religio" title="Nova Religio">Nova Religio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_religion" title="Philosophy of religion">Philosophy of religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychology_of_religion" title="Psychology of religion">Psychology of religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_studies" title="Religious studies">Religious studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sociology_of_religion" title="Sociology of religion">Sociology of religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/When_Prophecy_Fails" title="When Prophecy Fails">When Prophecy Fails</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_new_religious_movements" class="mw-redirect" title="Opposition to new religious movements">Opposition</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-cult_movement" title="Anti-cult movement">Anti-cult movement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_countercult_movement" title="Christian countercult movement">Christian countercult movement</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Mormonism" title="Anti-Mormonism">Anti-Mormonism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Ahmadis" title="Persecution of Ahmadis">Persecution of Ahmadis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%ADs" title="Persecution of Baháʼís">Persecution of Baháʼís</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Falun_Gong" title="Persecution of Falun Gong">Persecution of Falun Gong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Jehovah%27s_Witnesses" title="Persecution of Jehovah's Witnesses">Persecution of Jehovah's Witnesses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Rastafari" title="Persecution of Rastafari">Persecution of Rastafari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_discrimination_against_modern_pagans" title="Religious discrimination against modern pagans">Religious discrimination against modern pagans</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Academic_study_of_new_religious_movements" title="Academic study of new religious movements">Academic study</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_religious_movements_and_cults_in_popular_culture" title="New religious movements and cults in popular culture">In popular culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_new_religious_movements" title="List of new religious movements">New religious movements</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22679#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22679#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22679#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/825445/">FAST</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4069080-5">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85010990">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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