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div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Straw_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Straw (disambiguation)">Straw (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Hay" title="Hay">hay</a> or <a href="/wiki/Drinking_straw" title="Drinking straw">drinking straw</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Straw" title="Special:EditPage/Straw">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Straw%22">"Straw"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Straw%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Straw%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Straw%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Straw%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Straw%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2008</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Straw</b> is an agricultural <a href="/wiki/Byproduct" class="mw-redirect" title="Byproduct">byproduct</a> consisting of the dry <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/stalk" class="extiw" title="wikt:stalk">stalks</a> of <a href="/wiki/Cereal" title="Cereal">cereal</a> plants after the <a href="/wiki/Grain" title="Grain">grain</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chaff" title="Chaff">chaff</a> have been removed. It makes up about half of the <a href="/wiki/Crop_yield" title="Crop yield">yield</a> by weight of cereal crops such as <a href="/wiki/Barley" title="Barley">barley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oat" title="Oat">oats</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rice" title="Rice">rice</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rye" title="Rye">rye</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wheat" title="Wheat">wheat</a>. It has a number of different uses, including <a href="/wiki/Fuel" title="Fuel">fuel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Livestock_bedding" class="mw-redirect" title="Livestock bedding">livestock bedding</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fodder" title="Fodder">fodder</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thatching" title="Thatching">thatching</a> and <a href="/wiki/Basket_making" class="mw-redirect" title="Basket making">basket making</a>. </p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rice_straw.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Rice_straw.jpg/220px-Rice_straw.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Rice_straw.jpg/330px-Rice_straw.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Rice_straw.jpg/440px-Rice_straw.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480"></a><figcaption>Bundles of <a href="/wiki/Rice" title="Rice">rice</a> straw</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pile-of-straw.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Pile-of-straw.jpg/220px-Pile-of-straw.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Pile-of-straw.jpg/330px-Pile-of-straw.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Pile-of-straw.jpg/440px-Pile-of-straw.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2496" data-file-height="1674"></a><figcaption>Pile of stacked small rectangular straw bales sheltered under a clear <a href="/wiki/Tarpaulin" title="Tarpaulin">tarpaulin</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Straw_lines_and_Combine_Harvester.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Straw_lines_and_Combine_Harvester.jpg/220px-Straw_lines_and_Combine_Harvester.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Straw_lines_and_Combine_Harvester.jpg/330px-Straw_lines_and_Combine_Harvester.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Straw_lines_and_Combine_Harvester.jpg/440px-Straw_lines_and_Combine_Harvester.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3016"></a><figcaption>Straw lines and a <a href="/wiki/Combine_Harvester" class="mw-redirect" title="Combine Harvester">combine harvester</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Straw is usually gathered and stored in a <b>straw bale</b>, which is a <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bale" class="extiw" title="wikt:bale">bale</a>, or bundle, of straw tightly bound with twine, wire, or string. Straw bales may be square, rectangular, star shaped or round, and can be very large, depending on the type of <a href="/wiki/Baler" title="Baler">baler</a> used. </p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Uses"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Uses</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#Animal_feed"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Animal feed</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Basketry"><span class="tocnumber">1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Basketry</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Bedding"><span class="tocnumber">1.3</span> <span class="toctext">Bedding</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Bioplastic"><span class="tocnumber">1.4</span> <span class="toctext">Bioplastic</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Chemicals"><span class="tocnumber">1.5</span> <span class="toctext">Chemicals</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#Construction_material"><span class="tocnumber">1.6</span> <span class="toctext">Construction material</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#Crafts"><span class="tocnumber">1.7</span> <span class="toctext">Crafts</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="#Construction_site_sediment_control"><span class="tocnumber">1.8</span> <span class="toctext">Construction site sediment control</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#Fuel_source"><span class="tocnumber">1.9</span> <span class="toctext">Fuel source</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="#Gardening"><span class="tocnumber">1.10</span> <span class="toctext">Gardening</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="#Hats"><span class="tocnumber">1.11</span> <span class="toctext">Hats</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="#Horticulture"><span class="tocnumber">1.12</span> <span class="toctext">Horticulture</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href="#Packaging"><span class="tocnumber">1.13</span> <span class="toctext">Packaging</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"><a href="#Paper"><span class="tocnumber">1.14</span> <span class="toctext">Paper</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16"><a href="#Rope"><span class="tocnumber">1.15</span> <span class="toctext">Rope</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-17"><a href="#Shoes"><span class="tocnumber">1.16</span> <span class="toctext">Shoes</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-18"><a href="#Targets"><span class="tocnumber">1.17</span> <span class="toctext">Targets</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-19"><a href="#Thatching"><span class="tocnumber">1.18</span> <span class="toctext">Thatching</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-20"><a href="#Health_and_safety"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Health and safety</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-21"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-22"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-23"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Uses">Uses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Straw&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Uses" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <p>Current and historic uses of straw include: </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Animal_feed">Animal feed</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Straw&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Animal feed" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A_traditional_method_of_storing_wheat_hay_in_Punjab.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/A_traditional_method_of_storing_wheat_hay_in_Punjab.jpg/220px-A_traditional_method_of_storing_wheat_hay_in_Punjab.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/A_traditional_method_of_storing_wheat_hay_in_Punjab.jpg/220px-A_traditional_method_of_storing_wheat_hay_in_Punjab.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/A_traditional_method_of_storing_wheat_hay_in_Punjab.jpg/330px-A_traditional_method_of_storing_wheat_hay_in_Punjab.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/A_traditional_method_of_storing_wheat_hay_in_Punjab.jpg/440px-A_traditional_method_of_storing_wheat_hay_in_Punjab.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>A traditional method of storing wheat hay in Punjab.</figcaption></figure> <p>Straw may be fed as part of the <a href="/wiki/Roughage" class="mw-redirect" title="Roughage">roughage</a> component of the diet to cattle or horses that are on a near maintenance level of energy requirement. It has a low digestible energy and nutrient content (as opposed to <a href="/wiki/Hay" title="Hay">hay</a>, which is much more nutritious). The heat generated when microorganisms in a herbivore's gut digest straw can be useful in maintaining body temperature in cold climates. Due to the risk of <a href="/wiki/Impaction_(animals)" title="Impaction (animals)">impaction</a> and its poor nutrient profile, it should always be restricted to part of the diet. It may be fed as it is, or chopped into short lengths, known as <a href="/wiki/Chaff" title="Chaff">chaff</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Basketry">Basketry</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Straw&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Basketry" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p><a href="/wiki/Bee_skep" class="mw-redirect" title="Bee skep">Bee skeps</a> and linen <a href="/wiki/Basket" title="Basket">baskets</a> are made from coiled and bound together continuous lengths of straw. The technique is known as lip work. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bedding">Bedding</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Straw&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Bedding" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Straw is commonly used as bedding for ruminants and horses. It may be used as bedding and food for small animals, but this often leads to injuries to mouth, nose and eyes as straw is quite sharp. </p><p>The straw-filled mattress, also known as a <a href="/wiki/Palliasse" class="mw-redirect" title="Palliasse">palliasse</a>, is still used by people in many parts of the world. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bioplastic">Bioplastic</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Straw&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Bioplastic" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Rice straw, an agricultural waste which is not usually recovered, can be turned into <a href="/wiki/Bioplastic" title="Bioplastic">bioplastic</a> with mechanical properties akin to <a href="/wiki/Polystyrene" title="Polystyrene">polystyrene</a> in its dry state.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chemicals">Chemicals</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Straw&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Chemicals" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Straw is being investigated as a source of <a href="/wiki/Fine_chemical" title="Fine chemical">fine chemicals</a> including <a href="/wiki/Alkaloid" title="Alkaloid">alkaloids</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flavonoid" title="Flavonoid">flavonoids</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lignin" title="Lignin">lignins</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phenols" title="Phenols">phenols</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Steroid" title="Steroid">steroids</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid24138469_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid24138469-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Construction_material">Construction material</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Straw&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Construction material" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Straw-bale_construction" title="Straw-bale construction">Straw-bale construction</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alternative_natural_materials" title="Alternative natural materials">Alternative natural materials</a></div> <p>In many parts of the world, straw is used to bind clay and <a href="/wiki/Concrete" title="Concrete">concrete</a>. A mixture of clay and straw, known as <a href="/wiki/Cob_(building)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cob (building)">cob</a>, can be used as a building material. There are many recipes for making cob. </p><p>When <a href="/wiki/Baler" title="Baler">baled</a>, straw has moderate insulation characteristics (about R-1.5/inch according to Oak Ridge National Lab and Forest Product Lab testing). It can be used, alone or in a post-and-beam construction, to build <a href="/wiki/Straw-bale_construction" title="Straw-bale construction">straw bale houses</a>. When bales are used to <a href="/wiki/Building_construction" class="mw-redirect" title="Building construction">build</a> or <a href="/wiki/Thermal_insulation" title="Thermal insulation">insulate</a> buildings, the straw bales are commonly finished with <a href="/wiki/Earthen_plaster" title="Earthen plaster">earthen plaster</a>. The plastered walls provide some <a href="/wiki/Thermal_mass" title="Thermal mass">thermal mass</a>, compressive and ductile structural strength, and acceptable fire resistance as well as thermal resistance (insulation), somewhat in excess of North American <a href="/wiki/Building_code" title="Building code">building code</a>. Straw is an abundant agricultural waste product, and requires little energy to bale and transport for construction. For these reasons, straw bale construction is gaining popularity as part of <a href="/wiki/Passive_solar" class="mw-redirect" title="Passive solar">passive solar</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy" title="Renewable energy">renewable energy</a> projects.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Wheat straw can be used as a fibrous filler combined with polymers to produce <a href="/wiki/Composite_lumber" title="Composite lumber">composite lumber</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Enviroboard" title="Enviroboard">Enviroboard</a> can be made from straw. </p><p>Strawblocks are strawbales that have been recompressed to the density of woodblocks, for compact <a href="/wiki/Cargo_container" class="mw-redirect" title="Cargo container">cargo container</a> shipment, or for <a href="/wiki/Straw-bale_construction" title="Straw-bale construction">straw-bale construction</a> of <a href="/wiki/Load-bearing_wall" title="Load-bearing wall">load-bearing walls</a> that support roof-loads, such as a "living" or <a href="/wiki/Green_roof" title="Green roof">green roofs</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Crafts">Crafts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Straw&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Crafts" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Solomka.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Solomka.jpg/220px-Solomka.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="202" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="491" data-file-height="451"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 202px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Solomka.jpg/220px-Solomka.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="202" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Solomka.jpg/330px-Solomka.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Solomka.jpg/440px-Solomka.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>Belarusian Straw Dolls</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Latvie%C5%A1u_puzurs.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Latvie%C5%A1u_puzurs.JPG/220px-Latvie%C5%A1u_puzurs.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="570" data-file-height="570"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 220px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Latvie%C5%A1u_puzurs.JPG/220px-Latvie%C5%A1u_puzurs.JPG" data-width="220" data-height="220" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Latvie%C5%A1u_puzurs.JPG/330px-Latvie%C5%A1u_puzurs.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Latvie%C5%A1u_puzurs.JPG/440px-Latvie%C5%A1u_puzurs.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Latvian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Latvian people">Latvian</a> traditional <a href="/wiki/Ziemassv%C4%93tki" title="Ziemassvētki">Ziemassvētki</a> <a href="/wiki/Himmeli" class="mw-redirect" title="Himmeli">straw art</a> <a href="/wiki/Mobile_(sculpture)" title="Mobile (sculpture)">mobile</a> <i>puzuris</i><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Craft usages of straw include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corn_dolly" title="Corn dolly">Corn dollies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straw_marquetry" title="Straw marquetry">Straw marquetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straw_mobile" title="Straw mobile">Straw mobile</a> (straw art)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straw_painting" title="Straw painting">Straw painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straw_plaiting" title="Straw plaiting">Straw plaiting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scarecrows" class="mw-redirect" title="Scarecrows">Scarecrows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neko_chigura" title="Neko chigura">Japanese Traditional Cat's House</a></li> <li>Japanese <a href="/wiki/Wara_art" title="Wara art">wara art</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Construction_site_sediment_control">Construction site sediment control</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Straw&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Construction site sediment control" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Straw bales are sometimes used for <a href="/wiki/Sediment_control" title="Sediment control">sediment control</a> at <a href="/wiki/Construction" title="Construction">construction</a> sites.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, bales are often ineffective in protecting <a href="/wiki/Water_quality" title="Water quality">water quality</a> and are maintenance-intensive. For these reasons the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Environmental_Protection_Agency" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Environmental Protection Agency">U.S. Environmental Protection Agency</a> (EPA) and various state agencies recommend use of alternative sediment control practices where possible, such as <a href="/wiki/Silt_fence" title="Silt fence">silt fences</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fiber_roll" title="Fiber roll">fiber rolls</a> and <a href="/wiki/Geotextiles" class="mw-redirect" title="Geotextiles">geotextiles</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>They can also be used as <a href="/wiki/Burned_area_emergency_response" title="Burned area emergency response">burned area emergency response</a>, as ground cover or as in-stream check dams. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fuel_source">Fuel source</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Straw&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Fuel source" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>The use of straw as a carbon-neutral energy source is increasing rapidly, especially for <a href="/wiki/Biobutanol" class="mw-redirect" title="Biobutanol">biobutanol</a>. Straw or hay briquettes are a <a href="/wiki/Biofuel" title="Biofuel">biofuel</a> substitute to coal. </p><p>Straw, processed first as <a href="/wiki/Briquette" title="Briquette">briquettes</a>, has been fed into a <a href="/wiki/Anaerobic_digestion" title="Anaerobic digestion">biogas plant</a> in <a href="/wiki/Aarhus_University" title="Aarhus University">Aarhus University</a>, Denmark, in a test to see if higher <a href="/wiki/Gas" title="Gas">gas</a> yields could be attained.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The use of straw in large-scale <a href="/wiki/Energy_crop" title="Energy crop">biomass power plants</a> is becoming mainstream in the EU, with several facilities already online. The straw is either used directly in the form of bales, or densified into pellets which allows for the feedstock to be transported over longer distances. Finally, <a href="/wiki/Torrefaction" title="Torrefaction">torrefaction</a> of straw with pelletisation is gaining attention, because it increases the energy density of the resource, making it possible to transport it still further. This processing step also makes storage much easier, because torrefied straw pellets are hydrophobic. Torrefied straw in the form of pellets can be directly co-fired with coal or natural gas at very high rates and make use of the processing infrastructures at existing coal and gas plants. Because the torrefied straw pellets have superior structural, chemical and combustion properties to coal, they can replace all coal and turn a coal plant into an entirely biomass-fed power station. First generation pellets are limited to a <a href="/wiki/Co-firing" class="mw-redirect" title="Co-firing">co-firing</a> rate of 15% in modern <a href="/wiki/Integrated_gasification_combined_cycle" title="Integrated gasification combined cycle">IGCC</a> plants. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gardening">Gardening</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Straw&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Gardening" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Straw bale gardening<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is also popular among gardeners who do not have enough space for <b>soil gardening</b>. When properly conditioned, straw bales can be used as a perfect <a href="/wiki/Soil" title="Soil">soil</a> substitute. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hats">Hats</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Straw&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Hats" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Texas_straw_hat_with_the_ornament_made_of_a_rattlesnake%27s_skin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Texas_straw_hat_with_the_ornament_made_of_a_rattlesnake%27s_skin.jpg/220px-Texas_straw_hat_with_the_ornament_made_of_a_rattlesnake%27s_skin.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3425" data-file-height="2389"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 153px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Texas_straw_hat_with_the_ornament_made_of_a_rattlesnake%27s_skin.jpg/220px-Texas_straw_hat_with_the_ornament_made_of_a_rattlesnake%27s_skin.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="153" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Texas_straw_hat_with_the_ornament_made_of_a_rattlesnake%27s_skin.jpg/330px-Texas_straw_hat_with_the_ornament_made_of_a_rattlesnake%27s_skin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Texas_straw_hat_with_the_ornament_made_of_a_rattlesnake%27s_skin.jpg/440px-Texas_straw_hat_with_the_ornament_made_of_a_rattlesnake%27s_skin.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>A straw hat</figcaption></figure> <p>There are several styles of <a href="/wiki/Straw_hat" title="Straw hat">straw hats</a> that are made of woven straw. </p><p>Many thousands of women and children in England (primarily in the <a href="/wiki/Luton" title="Luton">Luton</a> district of Bedfordshire),<sup id="cite_ref-eb9_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eb9-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and large numbers in the United States (mostly <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a>), were employed in <a href="/wiki/Straw_Plaiting" class="mw-redirect" title="Straw Plaiting">plaiting straw</a> for making hats. By the late 19th century, vast quantities of plaits were being imported to England from Canton in China,<sup id="cite_ref-eb9_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eb9-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in the United States most of the straw plait was imported.<sup id="cite_ref-ac_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ac-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A fiber analogous to straw is obtained from the plant <i><a href="/wiki/Carludovica_palmata" title="Carludovica palmata">Carludovica palmata</a></i>, and is used to make <a href="/wiki/Panama_hats" class="mw-redirect" title="Panama hats">Panama hats</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ac_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ac-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Traditional Japanese rain protection consisted of a straw hat and a <a href="/wiki/Mino_(straw_cape)" title="Mino (straw cape)">mino cape</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Horticulture">Horticulture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Straw&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Horticulture" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Straw is used in <a href="/wiki/Cucumber" title="Cucumber">cucumber</a> houses and for <a href="/wiki/Mushroom" title="Mushroom">mushroom</a> growing. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>, certain trees are wrapped with straw to protect them from the effects of a hard winter as well as to use them as a trap for parasite insects. (see <a href="/wiki/Komomaki" title="Komomaki">Komomaki</a>) </p><p>It is also used in ponds to reduce <a href="/wiki/Alga" class="mw-redirect" title="Alga">algae</a> by changing the nutrient ratios in the water. </p><p>The soil under <a href="/wiki/Strawberry" title="Strawberry">strawberries</a> is covered with straw to protect the ripe berries from dirt, and straw is also used to cover the plants during winter to prevent the cold from killing them. </p><p>Straw also makes an excellent <a href="/wiki/Mulch" title="Mulch">mulch</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Packaging">Packaging</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Straw&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Packaging" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Straw is resistant to being crushed and therefore makes a good <a href="/wiki/Packing_material" class="mw-redirect" title="Packing material">packing material</a>. A company in France makes a straw mat sealed in thin plastic sheets. </p><p>Straw envelopes for wine bottles have become rarer, but are still to be found at some wine merchants. </p><p>Wheat straw is also used in compostable <a href="/wiki/Food_packaging" title="Food packaging">food packaging</a> such as compostable plates. Packaging made from wheat straw can be certified compostable and will biodegrade in a commercial composting environment.<sup id="cite_ref-VBC_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VBC-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Paper">Paper</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Straw&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Paper" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Straw can be pulped to make <a href="/wiki/Paper" title="Paper">paper</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rope">Rope</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Straw&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Rope" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Rope made from straw was used by thatchers, in the packaging industry and even in iron foundries. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Saekki" title="Saekki">Saekki</a> is a traditional Korean rope made of woven straw. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Shoes">Shoes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Straw&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Shoes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>The Chinese wore <a href="/wiki/Cailu" class="mw-redirect" title="Cailu">cailu</a> or <a href="/wiki/Caixie" class="mw-redirect" title="Caixie">caixie</a>, shoes and sandals made of straw, well into modernity. </p><p>Koreans wear <a href="/wiki/Jipsin" title="Jipsin">jipsin</a>, sandals made of straw. </p><p>Several types of traditional Japanese shoes, such as <a href="/wiki/Waraji" title="Waraji">waraji</a> and <a href="/wiki/Z%C5%8Dri" class="mw-redirect" title="Zōri">zōri</a>, are made of straw. </p><p>In some parts of Germany like <a href="/wiki/Black_Forest" title="Black Forest">Black Forest</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hunsr%C3%BCck" title="Hunsrück">Hunsrück</a> people wear straw shoes at home or at carnival. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Targets">Targets</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Straw&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Targets" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Heavy-gauge straw rope is coiled and sewn tightly together to make <a href="/wiki/Archery" title="Archery">archery</a> targets. This is no longer done entirely by hand, but is partially mechanised. Sometimes a paper or plastic target is set up in front of straw bales, which serve to support the target and provide a safe backdrop. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Thatching">Thatching</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Straw&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Thatching" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p><a href="/wiki/Thatching" title="Thatching">Thatching</a> uses straw, <a href="/wiki/Reed_(plant)" title="Reed (plant)">reed</a> or similar materials to make a waterproof, lightweight roof with good insulation properties. Straw for this purpose (often <a href="/wiki/Wheat" title="Wheat">wheat</a> straw) is grown specially and harvested using a <a href="/wiki/Reaper-binder" title="Reaper-binder">reaper-binder</a>. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Health_and_safety">Health and safety</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Straw&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Health and safety" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <p>Dried straw presents a fire hazard that can ignite easily if exposed to sparks or an open flame. It can also trigger <a href="/wiki/Allergic_rhinitis" title="Allergic rhinitis">allergic rhinitis</a> in people who are hypersensitive to airborne allergens such as straw dust. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Straw&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><noscript><img alt="grain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Noto_Emoji_Oreo_1f33e.svg/28px-Noto_Emoji_Oreo_1f33e.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 28px;height: 28px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Noto_Emoji_Oreo_1f33e.svg/28px-Noto_Emoji_Oreo_1f33e.svg.png" data-alt="grain" data-width="28" data-height="28" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Noto_Emoji_Oreo_1f33e.svg/42px-Noto_Emoji_Oreo_1f33e.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Noto_Emoji_Oreo_1f33e.svg/56px-Noto_Emoji_Oreo_1f33e.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Agriculture_and_Agronomy" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Agriculture and Agronomy">Agriculture and Agronomy portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corn_stover" title="Corn stover">Corn stover</a> (corn straw)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crop_residue" title="Crop residue">Crop residue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drinking_straw" title="Drinking straw">Drinking straw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hay" title="Hay">Hay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straw_(colour)" title="Straw (colour)">Straw (colour)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheaf_(agriculture)" title="Sheaf (agriculture)">Sheaf (agriculture)</a>, a bundle of straw</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stook" title="Stook">Stook</a>, a stack of straw</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straw_dog" title="Straw dog">Straw dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wood_wool" title="Wood wool">Wood wool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yule_Goat" class="mw-redirect" title="Yule Goat">Yule Goat</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Straw&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns 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a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBiloPandiniSartoreDepero2018" class="citation journal cs1">Bilo, Fabjola; Pandini, Stefano; Sartore, Luciana; Depero, Laura E.; Gargiulo, Giovanna; Bonassi, Andrea; Federici, Stefania; Bontempi, Elza (2018-11-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0959652618322418">"A sustainable bioplastic obtained from rice straw"</a>. <i>Journal of Cleaner Production</i>. <b>200</b>: 357–368. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jclepro.2018.07.252">10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.07.252</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:140096514">140096514</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-09-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Cleaner+Production&rft.atitle=A+sustainable+bioplastic+obtained+from+rice+straw&rft.volume=200&rft.pages=357-368&rft.date=2018-11-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.jclepro.2018.07.252&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A140096514%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Bilo&rft.aufirst=Fabjola&rft.au=Pandini%2C+Stefano&rft.au=Sartore%2C+Luciana&rft.au=Depero%2C+Laura+E.&rft.au=Gargiulo%2C+Giovanna&rft.au=Bonassi%2C+Andrea&rft.au=Federici%2C+Stefania&rft.au=Bontempi%2C+Elza&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fabs%2Fpii%2FS0959652618322418&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStraw" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid24138469-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pmid24138469_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchnitzerMonrealPowell2014" class="citation journal cs1">Schnitzer M, Monreal CM, Powell EE (2014). "Wheat straw biomass: A resource for high-value chemicals". <i>Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B</i>. <b>49</b> (1): 51–67. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014JESHB..49...51S">2014JESHB..49...51S</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F03601234.2013.836924">10.1080/03601234.2013.836924</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24138469">24138469</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:43907721">43907721</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Science+and+Health%2C+Part+B&rft.atitle=Wheat+straw+biomass%3A+A+resource+for+high-value+chemicals&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=51-67&rft.date=2014&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F03601234.2013.836924&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A43907721%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F24138469&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2014JESHB..49...51S&rft.aulast=Schnitzer&rft.aufirst=M&rft.au=Monreal%2C+CM&rft.au=Powell%2C+EE&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStraw" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.earthhealing.info/strawbale.pdf">The Straw Bale House: Suitability for the Eastern U.S.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://biomassmagazine.com/articles/1367/adding-value-to-wheat-straw/">"Adding Value to Wheat Straw By Anduin Kirkbride-McElroy. Biomass Magazine, 2007"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Adding+Value+to+Wheat+Straw+By+Anduin+Kirkbride-McElroy.+Biomass+Magazine%2C+2007&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbiomassmagazine.com%2Farticles%2F1367%2Fadding-value-to-wheat-straw%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStraw" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKing2017" class="citation book cs1">King, B. (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3ocuDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT95"><i>The New Carbon Architecture: Building to Cool the Climate</i></a>. New Society Publishers. pp. pt95-96. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-77142-256-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-77142-256-7"><bdi>978-1-77142-256-7</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 1,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+New+Carbon+Architecture%3A+Building+to+Cool+the+Climate&rft.pages=pt95-96&rft.pub=New+Society+Publishers&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-1-77142-256-7&rft.aulast=King&rft.aufirst=B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3ocuDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT95&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStraw" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLazdiņa2015" class="citation news cs1">Lazdiņa, Renāte (December 1, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eng.lsm.lv/article/culture/culture/straw-mobiles-an-old-latvian-craft-being-revived.a157462/">"Straw mobiles - an old Latvian craft being revived"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Public_Broadcasting_of_Latvia" title="Public Broadcasting of Latvia">Public Broadcasting of Latvia</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Straw+mobiles+-+an+old+Latvian+craft+being+revived&rft.date=2015-12-01&rft.aulast=Lazdi%C5%86a&rft.aufirst=Ren%C4%81te&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feng.lsm.lv%2Farticle%2Fculture%2Fculture%2Fstraw-mobiles-an-old-latvian-craft-being-revived.a157462%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStraw" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://udfcd.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/SC-03-Straw-Bale-Barrier.pdf">"Straw Bale Barrier"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Urban Storm Drainage Criteria Manual</i>. Denver, CO: Urban Drainage and Flood Control District. November 2010. SBB-1. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190714215019/https://udfcd.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/SC-03-Straw-Bale-Barrier.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2019-07-14.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Urban+Storm+Drainage+Criteria+Manual&rft.atitle=Straw+Bale+Barrier&rft.date=2010-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fudfcd.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2014%2F07%2FSC-03-Straw-Bale-Barrier.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStraw" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130730163657/http://cfpub.epa.gov/npdes/stormwater/menuofbmps/index.cfm?action=browse&Rbutton=detail&bmp=122">"National Menu of Stormwater Best Management Practices: Straw or Hay Bales"</a>. <i>National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES)</i>. Washington, DC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2006-06-01. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cfpub.epa.gov/npdes/stormwater/menuofbmps/index.cfm?action=browse&Rbutton=detail&bmp=122">the original</a> on 2013-07-30.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Pollutant+Discharge+Elimination+System+%28NPDES%29&rft.atitle=National+Menu+of+Stormwater+Best+Management+Practices%3A+Straw+or+Hay+Bales&rft.date=2006-06-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcfpub.epa.gov%2Fnpdes%2Fstormwater%2Fmenuofbmps%2Findex.cfm%3Faction%3Dbrowse%26Rbutton%3Ddetail%26bmp%3D122&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStraw" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF252507@au.dk2017" class="citation web cs1">252507@au.dk (2017-06-30). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160415174332/http://dca.au.dk/en/current-news/news/show/artikel/vejen-fra-toert-halm-til-brugbar-energi-forkortes-markant/">"show"</a>. <i>dca.au.dk</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dca.au.dk/en/current-news/news/show/artikel/vejen-fra-toert-halm-til-brugbar-energi-forkortes-markant/">the original</a> on 2016-04-15<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-07-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=dca.au.dk&rft.atitle=show&rft.date=2017-06-30&rft.au=252507%40au.dk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdca.au.dk%2Fen%2Fcurrent-news%2Fnews%2Fshow%2Fartikel%2Fvejen-fra-toert-halm-til-brugbar-energi-forkortes-markant%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStraw" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://organicgardeningeek.com/straw-bale-gardening-for-beginners/">"Straw Bale Gardening For Beginners | A Great Alternative to Soil Gardening & 10 Vegs To Grow - Organic Gardening Geek"</a>. <i>organicgardeningeek.com</i>. 2021-10-30<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-11-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=organicgardeningeek.com&rft.atitle=Straw+Bale+Gardening+For+Beginners+%7C+A+Great+Alternative+to+Soil+Gardening+%26+10+Vegs+To+Grow+-+Organic+Gardening+Geek&rft.date=2021-10-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Forganicgardeningeek.com%2Fstraw-bale-gardening-for-beginners%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStraw" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-eb9-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-eb9_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-eb9_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaynesSmith1887" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Baynes, T. S.; Smith, W. R., eds. (1887). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Straw Manufactures"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica,_Ninth_Edition/Straw_Manufactures">"Straw Manufactures" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 22 (9th ed.). New York: Charles Scribner's Sons.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Straw+Manufactures&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.place=New+York&rft.edition=9th&rft.pub=Charles+Scribner%27s+Sons&rft.date=1887&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStraw" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ac-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ac_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ac_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRipleyDana1879" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Ripley, George; Dana, Charles A., eds. (1879). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Straw"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_American_Cyclop%C3%A6dia_(1879)/Straw">"Straw" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_American_Cyclop%C3%A6dia" class="mw-redirect" title="The American Cyclopædia">The American Cyclopædia</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Straw&rft.btitle=The+American+Cyclop%C3%A6dia&rft.date=1879&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStraw" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHenshall2012" class="citation book cs1">Henshall, Kenneth (17 April 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vD76fF5hqf8C&pg=PA67"><i>A History of Japan: From Stone Age to Superpower</i></a>. Springer. p. 67. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780230346628" title="Special:BookSources/9780230346628"><bdi>9780230346628</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Japan%3A+From+Stone+Age+to+Superpower&rft.pages=67&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2012-04-17&rft.isbn=9780230346628&rft.aulast=Henshall&rft.aufirst=Kenneth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvD76fF5hqf8C%26pg%3DPA67&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStraw" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-VBC-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-VBC_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Viv Biz Club: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vivbizclub.com/products/biodegradable-food-packaging/compostable-plates/">Compostable Plates</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100731150916/http://vivbizclub.com/products/biodegradable-food-packaging/compostable-plates/">Archived</a> 2010-07-31 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcLarenBullockYousuf2013" class="citation book cs1">McLaren, Duncan; Bullock, Simon; Yousuf, Nusrat (2013-11-05). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QbH9AQAAQBAJ&q=Straw+can+be+pulped+to+make+paper&pg=PA176"><i>Tomorrow's World: Britain's Share in a Sustainable Future</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781134044825" title="Special:BookSources/9781134044825"><bdi>9781134044825</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tomorrow%27s+World%3A+Britain%27s+Share+in+a+Sustainable+Future&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2013-11-05&rft.isbn=9781134044825&rft.aulast=McLaren&rft.aufirst=Duncan&rft.au=Bullock%2C+Simon&rft.au=Yousuf%2C+Nusrat&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQbH9AQAAQBAJ%26q%3DStraw%2Bcan%2Bbe%2Bpulped%2Bto%2Bmake%2Bpaper%26pg%3DPA176&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStraw" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Straw&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: 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src="https://login.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&mobile=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Straw&oldid=1258391797">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Straw&oldid=1258391797</a>"</div></div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"> <a class="last-modified-bar" href="/w/index.php?title=Straw&action=history"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-medium minerva-icon--modified-history"></span> <span class="last-modified-bar__text modified-enhancement" data-user-name="108.51.56.162" data-user-gender="unknown" data-timestamp="1732021847"> <span>Last edited on 19 November 2024, at 13:10</span> </span> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-small minerva-icon--expand"></span> </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id='mw-data-after-content'> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B4" title="قش – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="قش" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palla" title="Palla – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Palla" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%27aphu" title="K'aphu – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="K'aphu" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%96%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BC" title="খড় – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="খড়" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Салома – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Салома" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Салома – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Салома" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE" title="पूअरा – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="पूअरा" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Слама – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Слама" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plouz" title="Plouz – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Plouz" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palla" title="Palla – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Palla" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BB%C4%83%D0%BC" title="Улăм – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Улăм" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sl%C3%A1ma" title="Sláma – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Sláma" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halm" title="Halm – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Halm" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stroh" title="Stroh – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Stroh" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%B5hk" title="Põhk – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Põhk" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%86%CF%87%CF%85%CF%81%CE%BF" title="Άχυρο – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Άχυρο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A0ja" title="Pàja – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Pàja" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%BE" title="Олго – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Олго" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paja" title="Paja – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Paja" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pajlo" title="Pajlo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Pajlo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lasto" title="Lasto – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Lasto" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%87" title="کاه – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کاه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paille" title="Paille – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Paille" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strie" title="Strie – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Strie" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palla" title="Palla – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Palla" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A7%9A" title="짚 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="짚" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BE%D5%B2%D5%B8%D5%BF" title="Ծղոտ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ծղոտ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A3" title="तृण – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="तृण" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slama" title="Slama – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Slama" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palio" title="Palio – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Palio" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerami" title="Jerami – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Jerami" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palea" title="Palea – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Palea" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Str%C3%A1" title="Strá – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Strá" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paglia" title="Paglia – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Paglia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%A9" title="קש – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קש" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dam%C3%A8n" title="Damèn – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Damèn" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pay" title="Pay – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Pay" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stramen" title="Stramen – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Stramen" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salmi" title="Salmi – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Salmi" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0iaudai" title="Šiaudai – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Šiaudai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stru%C3%A8" title="Struè – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Struè" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paja" title="Paja – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Paja" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szalma" title="Szalma – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Szalma" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Слама – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Слама" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8B%E0%B5%BD" title="വയ്ക്കോൽ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="വയ്ക്കോൽ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%85%D9%84" title="کمل – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="کمل" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C5%8D%CC%A4" title="Gō̤ – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Gō̤" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Co" title="Co – Fijian" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Co" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="Fijian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stro" title="Stro – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Stro" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%97%81" title="藁 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="藁" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paglia" title="Paglia – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Paglia" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halm" title="Halm – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Halm" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halm" title="Halm – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Halm" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A2le" title="Pâle – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Pâle" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palha" title="Palha – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Palha" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somon" title="Somon – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Somon" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%82%E0%A9%9C%E0%A9%80" title="ਤੂੜੀ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਤੂੜੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%DA%91%DB%8C" title="توڑی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="توڑی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stroh" title="Stroh – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Stroh" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C5%82oma" title="Słoma – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Słoma" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palha" title="Palha – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Palha" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chhalla" title="Chhalla – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Chhalla" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Солома – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Солома" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagghia" title="Pagghia – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Pagghia" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Straw" title="Straw – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Straw" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slama" title="Slama – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Slama" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slama" title="Slama – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Slama" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slama" title="Slama – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Slama" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slama" title="Slama – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Slama" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jarami" title="Jarami – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Jarami" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olki" title="Olki – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Olki" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halm" title="Halm – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Halm" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="வைக்கோல் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வைக்கோல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%8E%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF" title="ఎండుగడ్డి – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఎండుగడ్డి" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87" title="ฟาง – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ฟาง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saman_balyas%C4%B1" title="Saman balyası – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Saman balyası" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Солома – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Солома" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C6%A1m" title="Rơm – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Rơm" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strin" title="Strin – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Strin" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A7%B8%E7%A7%86" title="秸秆 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="秸秆" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A6%BE%E7%A8%88%E8%8D%89" title="禾稈草 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="禾稈草" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0iaud%C4%81" title="Šiaudā – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Šiaudā" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A7%B8%E7%A7%86" title="秸秆 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="秸秆" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jami" title="Jami – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Jami" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 19 November 2024, at 13:10<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Content is available under <a class="external" rel="nofollow" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">CC BY-SA 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places" class="footer-places hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a 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