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<span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Medical research subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Medical_research-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Research_fraud" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Research_fraud"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Research fraud</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Research_fraud-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-FDA_warnings_about_dietary_supplements" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#FDA_warnings_about_dietary_supplements"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>FDA warnings about dietary supplements</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-FDA_warnings_about_dietary_supplements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Alternative_medicine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alternative_medicine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Alternative medicine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alternative_medicine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Stability" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stability"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Stability</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Stability-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Curcumin</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 41 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-41" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">41 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%86" title="كركمين – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كركمين" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86" title="کورکومین – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="کورکومین" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Куркумин – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Куркумин" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurkumin" title="Kurkumin – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Kurkumin" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curcumina" title="Curcumina – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Curcumina" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurkumin" title="Kurkumin – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kurkumin" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curcumin" title="Curcumin – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Curcumin" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurkumiin" title="Kurkumiin – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kurkumiin" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curcumina" title="Curcumina – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Curcumina" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurkumino" title="Kurkumino – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kurkumino" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurkumina" title="Kurkumina – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kurkumina" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86" title="کورکومین – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کورکومین" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curcumine" title="Curcumine – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Curcumine" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curcumina" title="Curcumina – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Curcumina" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%BB%A4%ED%81%90%EB%AF%BC" title="커큐민 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="커큐민" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurkumin" title="Kurkumin – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kurkumin" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurkumin" title="Kurkumin – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kurkumin" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curcumina" title="Curcumina – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Curcumina" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%9F" title="כורכומין – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="כורכומין" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D" title="ಕರ್ಕ್ಯುಮಿನ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಕರ್ಕ್ಯುಮಿನ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurkuminas" title="Kurkuminas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kurkuminas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurkumin" title="Kurkumin – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kurkumin" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Куркумин – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Куркумин" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curcumine" title="Curcumine – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Curcumine" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AB%E3%82%AF%E3%83%9F%E3%83%B3" title="クルクミン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="クルクミン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurkumin" title="Kurkumin – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Kurkumin" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurkumina" title="Kurkumina – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kurkumina" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curcumina" title="Curcumina – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Curcumina" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curcumin%C4%83" title="Curcumină – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Curcumină" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Куркумин – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Куркумин" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurkumin" title="Kurkumin – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Kurkumin" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurkumin" title="Kurkumin – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kurkumin" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurkumiini" title="Kurkumiini – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kurkumiini" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurkumin" title="Kurkumin – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kurkumin" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="குர்க்குமின் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="குர்க்குமின்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="కర్కుమిన్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="కర్కుమిన్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99" title="เคอร์คูมิน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เคอร์คูมิน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurkumin" title="Kurkumin – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kurkumin" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BD" title="Куркумін – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Куркумін" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li 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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Principal curcuminoid of turmeric</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Curculin" title="Curculin">Curculin</a>.</div> <p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1268415487">.mw-parser-output .ib-chembox{border-collapse:collapse;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-chembox td,.mw-parser-output .ib-chembox th{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:40%}.mw-parser-output .ib-chembox td+td{width:60%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ib-chembox figure:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent){background:var(--background-color-inverted,#f8f9fa)}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ib-chembox figure:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent){background:var(--background-color-inverted,#f8f9fa)}}</style> </p> <table class="infobox ib-chembox"> <caption>Curcumin </caption> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; padding:2px;"><figure class="mw-halign-center skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Curcumin.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Skeletal formula" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Curcumin.svg/220px-Curcumin.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="64" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Curcumin.svg/330px-Curcumin.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Curcumin.svg/440px-Curcumin.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="75" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><div style="text-align:center;">Enol form</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; padding:2px;"><figure class="mw-halign-center skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CurcuminKeto.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Skeletal formula" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/CurcuminKeto.svg/220px-CurcuminKeto.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="64" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/CurcuminKeto.svg/330px-CurcuminKeto.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/CurcuminKeto.svg/440px-CurcuminKeto.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="75" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><div style="text-align:center;">Keto form</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; padding:2px;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Curcumin-enol-3D-balls.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Ball-and-stick model" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Curcumin-enol-3D-balls.png/220px-Curcumin-enol-3D-balls.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Curcumin-enol-3D-balls.png/330px-Curcumin-enol-3D-balls.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Curcumin-enol-3D-balls.png/440px-Curcumin-enol-3D-balls.png 2x" data-file-width="2738" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; padding:2px;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Curcumin-keto-3D-balls.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Ball-and-stick model" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Curcumin-keto-3D-balls.png/220px-Curcumin-keto-3D-balls.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="82" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Curcumin-keto-3D-balls.png/330px-Curcumin-keto-3D-balls.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Curcumin-keto-3D-balls.png/440px-Curcumin-keto-3D-balls.png 2x" data-file-width="2676" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background: #f8eaba;color:inherit; text-align: center;">Names </th></tr> <tr> <td>Pronunciation </td> <td><span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/ɜːr/: 'ur' in 'fur'">ɜːr</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/j/: 'y' in 'yes'">j</span><span title="/ʊ/: 'u' in 'push'">ʊ</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span></span>/</a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Preferred_IUPAC_name" title="Preferred IUPAC name">Preferred IUPAC name</a> <div style="max-width:22em; word-wrap:break-word; padding-left:1.7em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; max-width:22em;">(1<i>E</i>,6<i>E</i>)-1,7-Bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)hepta-1,6-diene-3,5-dione</div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:left;">Other names <div style="max-width:22em; word-wrap:break-word; padding-left:1.7em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>(1<i>E</i>,6<i>E</i>)-1,7-Bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,6-heptadiene-3,5-dione</li><li>Diferuloylmethane</li><li>Curcumin I</li><li>C.I. 75300</li><li>Natural Yellow 3</li></ul></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background: #f8eaba;color:inherit; text-align: center;">Identifiers </th></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/CAS_Registry_Number" title="CAS Registry Number">CAS Number</a></div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="commonchemistry.cas.org"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=458-37-7">458-37-7</a></span><sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">3D model (<a href="/wiki/JSmol" class="mw-redirect" title="JSmol">JSmol</a>)</div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="chemapps.stolaf.edu (3D interactive model)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chemapps.stolaf.edu/jmol/jmol.php?model=O%3DC%28%5CC%3DC%5Cc1ccc%28O%29c%28OC%29c1%29CC%28%3DO%29%5CC%3DC%5Cc2cc%28OC%29c%28O%29cc2">Interactive image</a></span></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/ChEBI" title="ChEBI">ChEBI</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="www.ebi.ac.uk"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=3962">CHEBI:3962</a></span><sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/ChEMBL" title="ChEMBL">ChEMBL</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="www.ebi.ac.uk"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/explore/compound/ChEMBL116438">ChEMBL116438</a></span><sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="☒" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/7px-X_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/11px-X_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/14px-X_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="525" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">N</span></sup></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/ChemSpider" title="ChemSpider">ChemSpider</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="www.chemspider.com"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.839564.html">839564</a></span><sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/ECHA_InfoCard" class="mw-redirect" title="ECHA InfoCard"><span title="echa.europa.eu">ECHA InfoCard</span></a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://echa.europa.eu/substance-information/-/substanceinfo/100.006.619">100.006.619</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q312266#P2566" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/E_number" title="E number"><span title="E number (food additive code)">E number</span></a> </td> <td>E100 <a href="/wiki/E_number#E100–E199" title="E number">(colours)</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/IUPHAR/BPS" class="mw-redirect" title="IUPHAR/BPS">IUPHAR/BPS</a></div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="www.guidetopharmacology.org"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?tab=summary&ligandId=7000">7000</a></span></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/KEGG" title="KEGG">KEGG</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="www.kegg.jp"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kegg.jp/entry/C10443">C10443</a></span></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/PubChem" title="PubChem">PubChem</a> <abbr title="Compound ID">CID</abbr></div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/969516">969516</a></span></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Unique_Ingredient_Identifier" title="Unique Ingredient Identifier">UNII</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="precision.fda.gov"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://precision.fda.gov/uniisearch/srs/unii/IT942ZTH98">IT942ZTH98</a></span><sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/CompTox_Chemicals_Dashboard" title="CompTox Chemicals Dashboard">CompTox Dashboard</a> <span style="font-weight:normal">(<abbr title="U.S. Environmental Protection Agency">EPA</abbr>)</span></div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="comptox.epa.gov"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical/details/DTXSID8031077">DTXSID8031077</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q312266#P3117" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; text-align:left; font-weight:normal;"><div><a href="/wiki/International_Chemical_Identifier" title="International Chemical Identifier">InChI</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; word-break:break-all;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="border-top:1px solid #ccc; padding:0.2em 0 0.2em 1.5em; text-align:left;"><div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">InChI=1S/C21H20O6/c1-26-20-11-14(5-9-18(20)24)3-7-16(22)13-17(23)8-4-15-6-10-19(25)21(12-15)27-2/h3-12,24-25H,13H2,1-2H3/b7-3+,8-4+<sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></div><div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">Key: VFLDPWHFBUODDF-FCXRPNKRSA-N<sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></div></div></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="border-top:1px solid #ccc; padding:0.2em 0 0.2em 1.5em; text-align:left;"><div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">InChI=1/C21H20O6/c1-26-20-11-14(5-9-18(20)24)3-7-16(22)13-17(23)8-4-15-6-10-19(25)21(12-15)27-2/h3-12,24-25H,13H2,1-2H3/b7-3+,8-4+</div><div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">Key: VFLDPWHFBUODDF-FCXRPNKRBF</div></div></li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; text-align:left; font-weight:normal;"><div><a href="/wiki/Simplified_molecular-input_line-entry_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Simplified molecular-input line-entry system">SMILES</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; word-break:break-all;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="border-top:1px solid #ccc; padding:0.2em 0 0.2em 1.6em; word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; text-align:left; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">O=C(\C=C\c1ccc(O)c(OC)c1)CC(=O)\C=C\c2cc(OC)c(O)cc2</div></li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background: #f8eaba;color:inherit; text-align: center;">Properties </th></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Chemical_formula" title="Chemical formula">Chemical formula</a></div> </td> <td><span title="Carbon">C</span><sub>21</sub><span title="Hydrogen">H</span><sub>20</sub><span title="Oxygen">O</span><sub>6</sub> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Molar_mass" title="Molar mass">Molar mass</a> </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7002368385000000000♠"></span>368.385</span> g·mol<sup>−1</sup>   </td></tr> <tr> <td>Appearance </td> <td>Bright yellow-orange powder </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Melting_point" title="Melting point">Melting point</a> </td> <td>183 °C (361 °F; 456 K) </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:left; background:#f8eaba; color:inherit; border:1px solid #a2a9b1;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their <a href="/wiki/Standard_state" title="Standard state">standard state</a> (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).</div> <div style="margin-top: 0.3em;"><div style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="☒" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/12px-X_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/18px-X_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/24px-X_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="525" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">N</span> <span class="reflink plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ComparePages&rev1=477166233&page2=Curcumin">verify</a></span> (<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Chemicals/Chembox_validation" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Chemicals/Chembox validation">what is</a> <sup><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="☒" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/7px-X_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/11px-X_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/14px-X_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="525" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">N</span></sup> ?) </div></div> <div style="margin-top: 0.3em; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Chemical_infobox#References" title="Wikipedia:Chemical infobox">Infobox references</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Chemical compound</div> <p><b>Curcumin</b> is a bright yellow chemical produced by plants of the <i>Curcuma longa</i> species. It is the principal <a href="/wiki/Curcuminoid" title="Curcuminoid">curcuminoid</a> of <a href="/wiki/Turmeric" title="Turmeric">turmeric</a> (<i>Curcuma longa</i>), a member of the <a href="/wiki/Ginger" title="Ginger">ginger</a> family, <a href="/wiki/Zingiberaceae" title="Zingiberaceae">Zingiberaceae</a>. It is sold as a <a href="/wiki/Herbal_supplement" class="mw-redirect" title="Herbal supplement">herbal supplement</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cosmetics" title="Cosmetics">cosmetics</a> ingredient, food flavoring, and <a href="/wiki/Food_coloring" title="Food coloring">food coloring</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Chemically, curcumin is a <a href="/wiki/Polyphenol" title="Polyphenol">polyphenol</a>, more particularly a <a href="/wiki/Diarylheptanoid" title="Diarylheptanoid">diarylheptanoid</a>, belonging to the group of curcuminoids, which are <a href="/wiki/Natural_phenol" class="mw-redirect" title="Natural phenol">phenolic</a> <a href="/wiki/Pigment" title="Pigment">pigments</a> responsible for the yellow color of turmeric.<sup id="cite_ref-pubchem_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pubchem-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Laboratory and clinical research have not confirmed any medical use for curcumin. It is difficult to study because it is both unstable and poorly <a href="/wiki/Bioavailable" class="mw-redirect" title="Bioavailable">bioavailable</a>. It is unlikely to produce useful leads for <a href="/wiki/Drug_development" title="Drug development">drug development</a> as a <a href="/wiki/Lead_compound" title="Lead compound">lead compound</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nelson_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nelson-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Curcumin&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Curcumin was named in 1815 when Henri Auguste Vogel and <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Joseph_Pelletier" title="Pierre Joseph Pelletier">Pierre Joseph Pelletier</a> reported the first isolation of a "yellow coloring-matter" from the <a href="/wiki/Rhizome" title="Rhizome">rhizomes</a> of turmeric.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later, it was found to be a mixture of <a href="/wiki/Resin" title="Resin">resin</a> and turmeric oil. In 1910, Milobedzka and Lampe reported the chemical structure of curcumin to be as diferuloylmethane.<sup id="cite_ref-History_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-History-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later in 1913, the same group accomplished the synthesis of the compound. </p><p>Although used in <a href="/wiki/Traditional_medicine" title="Traditional medicine">traditional medicine</a>, the possible therapeutic properties of turmeric or curcumin remain undetermined.<sup id="cite_ref-nelson_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nelson-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-baker_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-baker-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Uses">Uses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Curcumin&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Uses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kurkumina.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Kurkumina.jpg/220px-Kurkumina.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Kurkumina.jpg/330px-Kurkumina.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/ba/Kurkumina.jpg 2x" data-file-width="349" data-file-height="218" /></a><figcaption>Curcumin powder</figcaption></figure> <p>The most common applications are as an ingredient in <a href="/wiki/Dietary_supplement" title="Dietary supplement">dietary supplement</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Cosmetics" title="Cosmetics">cosmetics</a>, as flavoring for foods, such as turmeric-flavored beverages in <a href="/wiki/South_Asia" title="South Asia">South</a> and <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and as coloring for foods, such as <a href="/wiki/Curry_powder" title="Curry powder">curry powders</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mustard_(condiment)" title="Mustard (condiment)">mustards</a>, <a href="/wiki/Butter" title="Butter">butters</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cheese" title="Cheese">cheeses</a>. As a <a href="/wiki/Food_additive" title="Food additive">food additive</a> for orange-yellow coloring in prepared foods, its <a href="/wiki/E_number" title="E number">E number</a> is E<span class="nowrap"> </span>100 in the European Union.<sup id="cite_ref-fanl_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fanl-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is also approved by the U.S. <a href="/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration" title="Food and Drug Administration">FDA</a> to be used as a <a href="/wiki/Food_coloring" title="Food coloring">food coloring</a> in US.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Curcumin is used as a <a href="/wiki/Complexometric_indicator" title="Complexometric indicator">complexometric indicator</a> for <a href="/wiki/Boron" title="Boron">boron</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pubchem_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pubchem-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It reacts with <a href="/wiki/Boric_acid" title="Boric acid">boric acid</a> to form a red-colored compound, <a href="/wiki/Rosocyanine" title="Rosocyanine">rosocyanine</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Chemistry">Chemistry</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Curcumin&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Chemistry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Curcumin_thin_lipid_film.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A bright red substance in a small glass flask, held by gloved fingers" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Curcumin_thin_lipid_film.jpg/220px-Curcumin_thin_lipid_film.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="270" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Curcumin_thin_lipid_film.jpg/330px-Curcumin_thin_lipid_film.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Curcumin_thin_lipid_film.jpg/440px-Curcumin_thin_lipid_film.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1404" data-file-height="1722" /></a><figcaption>Curcumin becomes bright red when it interacts <a href="/wiki/Electrostatics" title="Electrostatics">electrostatically</a> with a <a href="/wiki/Phospholipid" title="Phospholipid">phospholipid</a> film</figcaption></figure> <p>Curcumin incorporates a seven carbon linker and three major functional groups: an α,β-unsaturated β-diketone moiety and an aromatic O-methoxy-phenolic group.<sup id="cite_ref-pubchem_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pubchem-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-History_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-History-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The aromatic ring systems, which are <a href="/wiki/Phenols" title="Phenols">phenols</a>, are connected by two α,β-unsaturated <a href="/wiki/Carbonyl" class="mw-redirect" title="Carbonyl">carbonyl</a> groups.<sup id="cite_ref-pubchem_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pubchem-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is a <a href="/wiki/Diketone" class="mw-redirect" title="Diketone">diketone</a> <a href="/wiki/Tautomer" title="Tautomer">tautomer</a>, existing in <a href="/wiki/Enol" title="Enol">enolic</a> form in <a href="/wiki/Organic_solvent" class="mw-redirect" title="Organic solvent">organic solvents</a> and in <a href="/wiki/Ketone" title="Ketone">keto</a> form in water.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The diketones form stable enols and are readily deprotonated to form <a href="/wiki/Enolate" title="Enolate">enolates</a>; the α,β-unsaturated carbonyl group is a good <a href="/wiki/Michael_acceptor" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael acceptor">Michael acceptor</a> and undergoes <a href="/wiki/Nucleophilic_addition" title="Nucleophilic addition">nucleophilic addition</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Because of its hydrophobic nature, curcumin is poorly soluble in water<sup id="cite_ref-pubchem_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pubchem-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but is easily soluble in organic solvents.<sup id="cite_ref-History_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-History-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Biosynthesis">Biosynthesis</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Curcumin&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Biosynthesis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The biosynthetic route of curcumin is uncertain. In 1973, Peter J. Roughley and Donald A. Whiting proposed two mechanisms for curcumin biosynthesis. The first mechanism involves a chain extension reaction by <a href="/wiki/Cinnamic_acid" title="Cinnamic acid">cinnamic acid</a> and 5 <a href="/wiki/Malonyl-CoA" title="Malonyl-CoA">malonyl-CoA</a> molecules that eventually arylize into a curcuminoid. The second mechanism involves two cinnamate units coupled together by malonyl-CoA. Both use cinnamic acid as their starting point, which is derived from the amino acid <a href="/wiki/Phenylalanine" title="Phenylalanine">phenylalanine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Kita,_T._2008_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kita,_T._2008-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Plant biosynthesis starting with cinnamic acid is rare compared to the more common <a href="/wiki/P-Coumaric_acid" title="P-Coumaric acid"><i>p</i>-coumaric acid</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Kita,_T._2008_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kita,_T._2008-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Only a few identified compounds, such as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anigorufone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anigorufone (page does not exist)">anigorufone</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pinosylvin" title="Pinosylvin">pinosylvin</a>, build from cinnamic acid.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-center skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Curcumin_biosynthesis.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Curcumin biosynthesis diagram" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Curcumin_biosynthesis.svg/500px-Curcumin_biosynthesis.svg.png" decoding="async" width="500" height="400" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Curcumin_biosynthesis.svg/750px-Curcumin_biosynthesis.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Curcumin_biosynthesis.svg/1000px-Curcumin_biosynthesis.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="764" data-file-height="611" /></a><figcaption>Biosynthetic pathway of curcumin in <i><a href="/wiki/Curcuma_longa" class="mw-redirect" title="Curcuma longa">Curcuma longa</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Kita,_T._2008_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kita,_T._2008-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pharmacology">Pharmacology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Curcumin&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Pharmacology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Curcumin_fluorescence.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Curcumin_fluorescence.jpg/220px-Curcumin_fluorescence.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="196" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Curcumin_fluorescence.jpg/330px-Curcumin_fluorescence.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Curcumin_fluorescence.jpg/440px-Curcumin_fluorescence.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2965" data-file-height="2648" /></a><figcaption>Curcumin displays green fluorescence under UV light</figcaption></figure> <p>Curcumin, which shows positive results in most <a href="/wiki/Drug_discovery" title="Drug discovery">drug discovery</a> assays, is regarded as a false lead that <a href="/wiki/Medicinal_chemistry" title="Medicinal chemistry">medicinal chemists</a> include among "<a href="/wiki/Pan-assay_interference_compounds" title="Pan-assay interference compounds">pan-assay interference compounds</a>". This attracts undue experimental attention while failing to advance as viable therapeutic or drug leads,<sup id="cite_ref-nelson_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nelson-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-baker_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-baker-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although some derivatives of curcumin such as <a href="/wiki/EF-24" title="EF-24">EF-24</a> have seen a significant amount of research.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Factors that limit the bioactivity of curcumin or its analogs include chemical instability, water insolubility, absence of potent and selective target activity, low bioavailability, limited tissue distribution, and extensive metabolism.<sup id="cite_ref-nelson_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nelson-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Very little curcumin escapes the <a href="/wiki/GI_tract" class="mw-redirect" title="GI tract">GI tract</a> and most is excreted in feces unchanged.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> If curcumin enters plasma in reasonable amounts, there is a high risk of toxicity since it is promiscuous, and interacts with several proteins known to increase the risk of adverse effects, including <a href="/wiki/HERG" title="HERG">hERG</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cytochrome_P450" title="Cytochrome P450">cytochrome P450s</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Glutathione_S-transferase" title="Glutathione S-transferase">glutathione S-transferase</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nelson_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nelson-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Safety">Safety</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Curcumin&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Safety"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As a component of turmeric, curcumin may interact with <a href="/wiki/Prescription_drug" title="Prescription drug">prescription drugs</a> and dietary supplements.<sup id="cite_ref-drugs_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-drugs-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In high amounts, it may be unsafe for women during pregnancy.<sup id="cite_ref-drugs_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-drugs-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It may cause side effects, such as <a href="/wiki/Nausea" title="Nausea">nausea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Diarrhea" title="Diarrhea">diarrhea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hives" title="Hives">hives</a>, or dizziness.<sup id="cite_ref-drugs_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-drugs-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Between 2004 and 2022 there were ten cases of liver injury caused by curcumin herbal and dietary supplements.<sup id="cite_ref-Halegoua-DeMarzio_Navarro_Ahmad_Avula_2023_pp._200–206_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Halegoua-DeMarzio_Navarro_Ahmad_Avula_2023_pp._200–206-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Curcumin is a <a href="/wiki/Contact_allergen" class="mw-redirect" title="Contact allergen">contact allergen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid26705440_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid26705440-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The intended use of curcumin as a food additive is <a href="/wiki/Generally_recognized_as_safe" title="Generally recognized as safe">generally recognized as safe</a> by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Medical_research">Medical research</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Curcumin&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Medical research"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although curcumin has been assessed in numerous laboratory and <a href="/wiki/Clinical_research" title="Clinical research">clinical studies</a>, it has no medical uses established by well-designed clinical research.<sup id="cite_ref-lpi_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lpi-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to a 2017 review of more than 120 studies, curcumin has not been successful in any <a href="/wiki/Clinical_trial" title="Clinical trial">clinical trial</a>, leading the authors to conclude that "curcumin is an unstable, reactive, non-bioavailable compound and, therefore, a highly improbable lead".<sup id="cite_ref-nelson_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nelson-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Curcumin exhibits numerous interference properties which may lead to misinterpretation of results.<sup id="cite_ref-nelson_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nelson-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-baker_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-baker-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The US government has supported US$150 million in research into curcumin through the <a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Complementary_and_Integrative_Health" title="National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health">National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</a>, and no support has been found for curcumin as a medical treatment.<sup id="cite_ref-nelson_3-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nelson-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Forbes-11917_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Forbes-11917-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Research_fraud">Research fraud</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Curcumin&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Research fraud"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Bharat_Aggarwal" title="Bharat Aggarwal">Bharat Aggarwal</a>, a former cancer researcher at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Texas_MD_Anderson_Cancer_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center">University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center</a>, had 29 papers retracted due to research fraud as of July 2021<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Curcumin&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aggarwal's research had focused on potential <a href="/wiki/Anti-cancer" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-cancer">anti-cancer</a> properties of herbs and spices, particularly curcumin, and according to a March 2016 article in the <i><a href="/wiki/Houston_Chronicle" title="Houston Chronicle">Houston Chronicle</a></i>, "attracted national media interest and laid the groundwork for ongoing clinical trials".<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SciAm_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SciAm-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Aggarwal cofounded a company in 2004 called Curry Pharmaceuticals based in <a href="/wiki/Research_Triangle_Park" title="Research Triangle Park">Research Triangle Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Carolina" title="North Carolina">North Carolina</a>, which planned to develop drugs based on synthetic analogs of curcumin.<sup id="cite_ref-SciAm_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SciAm-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Singh1_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Singh1-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> SignPath Pharma, a company seeking to develop <a href="/wiki/Liposome" title="Liposome">liposomal</a> formulations of curcumin, licensed three patents by Aggarwal related to that approach from MD Anderson in 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="FDA_warnings_about_dietary_supplements">FDA warnings about dietary supplements</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Curcumin&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: FDA warnings about dietary supplements"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Between 2018 and 2023, the FDA issued 29 <a href="/wiki/FDA_warning_letter" title="FDA warning letter">warning letters</a> to American manufacturers of <a href="/wiki/Dietary_supplement" title="Dietary supplement">dietary supplements</a> for making false claims of anti-disease effects from using products containing curcumin.<sup id="cite_ref-fdawarn_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fdawarn-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In each letter, the FDA stated that the supplement product was not an <a href="/wiki/Prescription_drug" title="Prescription drug">approved new drug</a> because the "product is not generally recognized as safe and effective" for the advertised uses, that "new drugs may not be legally introduced or delivered for introduction into interstate commerce without prior approval from FDA", and that the "FDA approves a new drug on the basis of scientific data and information demonstrating that the drug is safe and effective".<sup id="cite_ref-fdawarn_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fdawarn-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Alternative_medicine">Alternative medicine</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Curcumin&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Alternative medicine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Though there is no evidence for the safety or efficacy of using curcumin as a therapy,<sup id="cite_ref-nelson_3-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nelson-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-baker_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-baker-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> some <a href="/wiki/Alternative_medicine" title="Alternative medicine">alternative medicine</a> practitioners give it <a href="/wiki/Intravenous" class="mw-redirect" title="Intravenous">intravenously</a>, supposedly as a treatment for numerous diseases.<sup id="cite_ref-FDA_080417_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FDA_080417-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hermes-1_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hermes-1-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Forbes_120417_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Forbes_120417-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2017, two serious cases of <a href="/wiki/Adverse_drug_reaction" title="Adverse drug reaction">adverse events</a> were reported from curcumin or turmeric products—one severe <a href="/wiki/Allergic_reaction" class="mw-redirect" title="Allergic reaction">allergic reaction</a> and one death<sup id="cite_ref-FDA_080417_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FDA_080417-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>—that were caused by administration of a curcumin-<a href="/wiki/Polyethylene_glycol" title="Polyethylene glycol">polyethylene glycol</a> (PEG40) <a href="/wiki/Emulsion" title="Emulsion">emulsion</a> product by a <a href="/wiki/Naturopath" class="mw-redirect" title="Naturopath">naturopath</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Forbes_120417_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Forbes_120417-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One treatment caused <a href="/wiki/Anaphylaxis" title="Anaphylaxis">anaphylaxis</a> leading to death.<sup id="cite_ref-FDA_080417_36-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FDA_080417-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Forbes_120417_38-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Forbes_120417-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Stability">Stability</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Curcumin&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Stability"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Decontamination" title="Decontamination">Decontamination</a> of food by ionizing radiation, or <a href="/wiki/Food_irradiation" title="Food irradiation">food irradiation</a>, is considered a safe and efficient process for elimination of <a href="/wiki/Pathogenic_bacteria" title="Pathogenic bacteria">pathogenic bacteria</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ionizing radiation treatment can be applied to either raw materials or ready to eat foods, with some countries, like the United States, imposing limitations on its use.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2016, laboratory research established and compared the <a href="/wiki/Radiosensitivity" title="Radiosensitivity">radiosensitivity</a> of three organic food colorants including curcumin, <a href="/wiki/Carmine" title="Carmine">carmine</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Annatto" title="Annatto">annatto</a> to create data to be used for application whenever food products containing these food colors were to undergo the radiation process.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_39-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The researchers used <a href="/wiki/Spectrophotometry" title="Spectrophotometry">spectrophotometry</a> and <a href="/wiki/Capillary_electrophoresis" title="Capillary electrophoresis">capillary electrophoresis</a> to establish radiosensitivity of the three organic food colorants. Carmine samples were quite stable against radiation treatment, annatto showed limited stability, and curcumin was found to be unstable, particularly when diluted.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_39-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Curcumin&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMajeed2015" class="citation web cs1">Majeed S (28 December 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171017095015/https://www.naturalproductsinsider.com/articles/2015/12/the-state-of-the-curcumin-market.aspx">"The State of the Curcumin Market"</a>. <i>Natural Products Insider</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.naturalproductsinsider.com/articles/2015/12/the-state-of-the-curcumin-market.aspx">the original</a> on October 17, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 29,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Natural+Products+Insider&rft.atitle=The+State+of+the+Curcumin+Market&rft.date=2015-12-28&rft.aulast=Majeed&rft.aufirst=S&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.naturalproductsinsider.com%2Farticles%2F2015%2F12%2Fthe-state-of-the-curcumin-market.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACurcumin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pubchem-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pubchem_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pubchem_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pubchem_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pubchem_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pubchem_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/969516">CID 969516</a> from <a href="/wiki/PubChem" title="PubChem">PubChem</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nelson-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nelson_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nelson_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nelson_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nelson_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nelson_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nelson_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nelson_3-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nelson_3-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nelson_3-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNelsonDahlinBissonGraham2017" class="citation journal cs1">Nelson KM, Dahlin JL, Bisson J, Graham J, Pauli GF, Walters MA (March 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5346970">"The Essential Medicinal Chemistry of Curcumin"</a>. <i>Journal of Medicinal Chemistry</i>. <b>60</b> (5): <span class="nowrap">1620–</span>1637. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1021%2Facs.jmedchem.6b00975">10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00975</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5346970">5346970</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28074653">28074653</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Medicinal+Chemistry&rft.atitle=The+Essential+Medicinal+Chemistry+of+Curcumin&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1620-%3C%2Fspan%3E1637&rft.date=2017-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5346970%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F28074653&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1021%2Facs.jmedchem.6b00975&rft.aulast=Nelson&rft.aufirst=KM&rft.au=Dahlin%2C+JL&rft.au=Bisson%2C+J&rft.au=Graham%2C+J&rft.au=Pauli%2C+GF&rft.au=Walters%2C+MA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5346970&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACurcumin" class="Z3988"></span><br /> See also: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNelsonDahlinBissonGraham2017" class="citation journal cs1">Nelson KM, Dahlin JL, Bisson J, Graham J, Pauli GF, Walters MA (May 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5430405">"Curcumin May (Not) Defy Science"</a>. <i>ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters</i>. <b>8</b> (5): <span class="nowrap">467–</span>470. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1021%2Facsmedchemlett.7b00139">10.1021/acsmedchemlett.7b00139</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5430405">5430405</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28523093">28523093</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ACS+Medicinal+Chemistry+Letters&rft.atitle=Curcumin+May+%28Not%29+Defy+Science&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E467-%3C%2Fspan%3E470&rft.date=2017-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5430405%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F28523093&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1021%2Facsmedchemlett.7b00139&rft.aulast=Nelson&rft.aufirst=KM&rft.au=Dahlin%2C+JL&rft.au=Bisson%2C+J&rft.au=Graham%2C+J&rft.au=Pauli%2C+GF&rft.au=Walters%2C+MA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5430405&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACurcumin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVogelPelletier1815" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Vogel, A; Pelletier, J (July 1815). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dqU8AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA289">"Examen chimique de la racine de Curcuma"</a> [Chemical examination of turmeric root]. <i>Journal de Pharmacie et des Sciences Accessoires</i> (in French). <b>1</b>: <span class="nowrap">289–</span>300. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k781358/f290.item">available</a> at <i><a href="/wiki/Gallica" class="mw-redirect" title="Gallica">Gallica</a></i>.</cite><span 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 Feb</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Code+of+Federal+Regulations%3A+Title+21%2C+Section+179.26&rft.pub=U.S.+Food+and+Drug+Administration&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ecfr.gov%2Fcurrent%2Ftitle-21%2Fchapter-I%2Fsubchapter-B%2Fpart-179%2Fsubpart-B%2Fsection-179.26&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACurcumin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Curcumin&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/cam/hp/curcumin-pdq">Curcumin (Curcuma, Turmeric) and Cancer (PDQ®)–Health Professional Version</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tga.gov.au/news/safety-alerts/medicines-containing-turmeric-or-curcumin-risk-liver-injury">Medicines containing turmeric or curcumin, risk of liver injury, Safety advisory</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cot.food.gov.uk/First%20draft%20statement%20on%20the%20potential%20risk%20to%20human%20health%20of%20turmeric%20and%20curcumin">First draft statement on the potential risk to human health of turmeric and curcumin</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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title="Desmethoxycurcumin">Desmethoxycurcumin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimethylcurcumin" title="Dimethylcurcumin">Dimethylcurcumin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Curcuminoid dyes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rosocyanine" title="Rosocyanine">Rosocyanine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rubrocurcumin" title="Rubrocurcumin">Rubrocurcumin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Histone_deacetylase_inhibitors116" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" 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4em"><a href="/wiki/Histone_deacetylase_inhibitor" title="Histone deacetylase inhibitor">Histone deacetylase inhibitors</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3,3%27-Diindolylmethane" title="3,3'-Diindolylmethane">3,3'-Diindolylmethane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beta-Hydroxybutyric_acid" class="mw-redirect" title="Beta-Hydroxybutyric acid">β-Hydroxybutyric acid (β-hydroxybutyrate)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abexinostat" title="Abexinostat">Abexinostat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acetoacetic_acid" title="Acetoacetic acid">Acetoacetic acid (acetoacetate)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allyl_mercaptan" title="Allyl mercaptan">Allyl mercaptan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apicidin" title="Apicidin">Apicidin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belinostat" title="Belinostat">Belinostat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butyric_acid" title="Butyric acid">Butyric acid (butyrate)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capsaicin" title="Capsaicin">Capsaicin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Citarinostat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Citarinostat (page does not exist)">Citarinostat</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Curcumin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diallyl_disulfide" title="Diallyl disulfide">Diallyl disulfide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entinostat" title="Entinostat">Entinostat</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fimepinostat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fimepinostat (page does not exist)">Fimepinostat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Givinostat" title="Givinostat">Givinostat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indole-3-carbinol" title="Indole-3-carbinol">Indole-3-carbinol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kevetrin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kevetrin (page does not exist)">Kevetrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martinostat" title="Martinostat">Martinostat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mocetinostat" title="Mocetinostat">Mocetinostat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niacinamide" class="mw-redirect" title="Niacinamide">Niacinamide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panobinostat" title="Panobinostat">Panobinostat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parthenolide" title="Parthenolide">Parthenolide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenylbutyrate" class="mw-redirect" title="Phenylbutyrate">Phenylbutyrate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pracinostat" title="Pracinostat">Pracinostat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quisinostat" title="Quisinostat">Quisinostat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resminostat" title="Resminostat">Resminostat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romidepsin" title="Romidepsin">Romidepsin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scriptaid" title="Scriptaid">Scriptaid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_butyrate" title="Sodium butyrate">Sodium butyrate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_oxybate" title="Sodium oxybate">Sodium oxybate (GHB sodium)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_phenylbutyrate" title="Sodium phenylbutyrate">Sodium phenylbutyrate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_valproate" class="mw-redirect" title="Sodium valproate">Sodium valproate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulforaphane" title="Sulforaphane">Sulforaphane</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trapoxin_B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trapoxin B (page does not exist)">Trapoxin B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trichostatin_A" title="Trichostatin A">Trichostatin A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tucidinostat" title="Tucidinostat">Tucidinostat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valnoctamide" title="Valnoctamide">Valnoctamide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valproate" title="Valproate">Valproic acid (valproate)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valproate_pivoxil" title="Valproate pivoxil">Valproate pivoxil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valproate_semisodium" class="mw-redirect" title="Valproate semisodium">Valproate semisodium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valpromide" title="Valpromide">Valpromide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vorinostat" title="Vorinostat">Vorinostat (SAHA)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><i><b>See also:</b> <a href="/wiki/Template:Receptor_modulators" title="Template:Receptor modulators">Receptor/signaling modulators</a></i></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Leukotriene_signaling_modulators401" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks 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href="/wiki/Receptor_(biochemistry)" title="Receptor (biochemistry)">Receptor</a><br /><small>(<a href="/wiki/Ligand_(biochemistry)" title="Ligand (biochemistry)">ligands</a>)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4em;;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Leukotriene_B4_receptor" title="Leukotriene B4 receptor"><abbr title="Leukotriene B4 receptor">BLT</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Leukotriene B4 receptor</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4em;;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Leukotriene_B4_receptor_1" title="Leukotriene B4 receptor 1"><abbr title="Leukotriene B4 receptor 1">BLT<sub>1</sub></abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Leukotriene B4 receptor 1</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Agonists:</b> <a href="/wiki/12-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic_acid" title="12-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid">12-HETE</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=20-Hydroxy-LTB4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="20-Hydroxy-LTB4 (page does not exist)">20-Hydroxy-LTB<sub>4</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leukotriene_B4" title="Leukotriene B4">Leukotriene B<sub>4</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=LY-255283&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="LY-255283 (page does not exist)">LY-255283</a></li></ul> <ul><li><b>Antagonists:</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=20-Carboxy-LTB4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="20-Carboxy-LTB4 (page does not exist)">20-Carboxy-LTB<sub>4</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amelubant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amelubant (page does not exist)">Amelubant</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CGS-23131&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CGS-23131 (page does not exist)">CGS-23131 (LY-223982)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CGS-25019C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CGS-25019C (page does not exist)">CGS-25019C</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CP-105696&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CP-105696 (page does not exist)">CP-105696</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CP-195543&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CP-195543 (page does not exist)">CP-195543</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etalocib" title="Etalocib">Etalocib</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=LY-293111&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="LY-293111 (page does not exist)">LY-293111</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moxilubant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Moxilubant (page does not exist)">Moxilubant</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ONO-4057&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ONO-4057 (page does not exist)">ONO-4057</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=RG-14893&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RG-14893 (page does not exist)">RG-14893</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=RP-69698&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RP-69698 (page does not exist)">RP-69698</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SB-209247&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SB-209247 (page does not exist)">SB-209247</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SC-53228&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SC-53228 (page does not exist)">SC-53228</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ticolubant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ticolubant (page does not exist)">Ticolubant</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=U-75302&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="U-75302 (page does not exist)">U-75302</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ZK-158252&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ZK-158252 (page does not exist)">ZK-158252</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4em;;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Leukotriene_B4_receptor_2" title="Leukotriene B4 receptor 2"><abbr title="Leukotriene B4 receptor 2">BLT<sub>2</sub></abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Leukotriene B4 receptor 2</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Agonists:</b> <a href="/wiki/12-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic_acid" title="12-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid">12-HETE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/12-Hydroxyheptadecatrienoic_acid" title="12-Hydroxyheptadecatrienoic acid">12-HHT</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=12-Hydroperoxy-5Z,8Z,10E,14Z-eicosatetraenoic_acid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="12-Hydroperoxy-5Z,8Z,10E,14Z-eicosatetraenoic acid (page does not exist)">12-HpETE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/15-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic_acid" title="15-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid">15-HETE</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=15-Hydroperoxy-5Z,8Z,11Z,13E-eicosatetraenoic_acid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="15-Hydroperoxy-5Z,8Z,11Z,13E-eicosatetraenoic acid (page does not exist)">15-HpETE</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=20-Hydroxy-LTB4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="20-Hydroxy-LTB4 (page does not exist)">20-Hydroxy-LTB<sub>4</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leukotriene_B4" title="Leukotriene B4">Leukotriene B<sub>4</sub></a></li></ul> <ul><li><b>Antagonists:</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=CP-195543&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CP-195543 (page does not exist)">CP-195543</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=LY-255283&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="LY-255283 (page does not exist)">LY-255283</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ZK-158252&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ZK-158252 (page does not exist)">ZK-158252</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4em;;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Cysteinyl_leukotriene_receptor" title="Cysteinyl leukotriene receptor"><abbr title="Cysteinyl leukotriene receptor">CysLT</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Cysteinyl leukotriene receptor</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4em;;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Cysteinyl_leukotriene_receptor_1" title="Cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1"><abbr title="Cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1">CysLT<sub>1</sub></abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Agonists:</b> <a href="/wiki/Leukotriene_C4" title="Leukotriene C4">Leukotriene C<sub>4</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leukotriene_D4" title="Leukotriene D4">Leukotriene D<sub>4</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leukotriene_E4" title="Leukotriene E4">Leukotriene E<sub>4</sub></a></li></ul> <ul><li><b>Antagonists:</b> <a href="/wiki/Ablukast" title="Ablukast">Ablukast</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=BAYu9773&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BAYu9773 (page does not exist)">BAYu9773</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=BAYu9916&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BAYu9916 (page does not exist)">BAYu9916</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=BAYx7195&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BAYx7195 (page does not exist)">BAYx7195</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinalukast&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cinalukast (page does not exist)">Cinalukast</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=FPL-55712&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="FPL-55712 (page does not exist)">FPL-55712</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ICI-198615&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ICI-198615 (page does not exist)">ICI-198615</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iralukast&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iralukast (page does not exist)">Iralukast</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=LY-170680&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="LY-170680 (page does not exist)">LY-170680</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Masilukast&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Masilukast (page does not exist)">Masilukast</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MK-571&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MK-571 (page does not exist)">MK-571</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montelukast" title="Montelukast">Montelukast</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ONO-1078&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ONO-1078 (page does not exist)">ONO-1078</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pobilukast&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pobilukast (page does not exist)">Pobilukast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pranlukast" title="Pranlukast">Pranlukast</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ritolukast&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ritolukast (page does not exist)">Ritolukast</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SKF-104353&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SKF-104353 (page does not exist)">SKF-104353</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SR-2640&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SR-2640 (page does not exist)">SR-2640</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sulukast&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sulukast (page does not exist)">Sulukast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tipelukast" title="Tipelukast">Tipelukast</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tomelukast&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tomelukast (page does not exist)">Tomelukast</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Verlukast&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Verlukast (page does not exist)">Verlukast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zafirlukast" title="Zafirlukast">Zafirlukast</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ZD-3523&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ZD-3523 (page does not exist)">ZD-3523</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4em;;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Cysteinyl_leukotriene_receptor_2" title="Cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 2"><abbr title="Cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 2">CysLT<sub>2</sub></abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 2</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Agonists:</b> <a href="/wiki/Leukotriene_C4" title="Leukotriene C4">Leukotriene C<sub>4</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leukotriene_D4" title="Leukotriene D4">Leukotriene D<sub>4</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leukotriene_E4" title="Leukotriene E4">Leukotriene E<sub>4</sub></a></li></ul> <ul><li><b>Antagonists:</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=BAYu9773&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BAYu9773 (page does not exist)">BAYu9773</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=BAYu9916&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BAYu9916 (page does not exist)">BAYu9916</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4em;;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Cysteinyl_leukotriene_receptor_E" class="mw-redirect" title="Cysteinyl leukotriene receptor E"><abbr title="Cysteinyl leukotriene receptor E">CysLT<sub>E</sub></abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Cysteinyl leukotriene receptor E</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Agonists:</b> <a href="/wiki/Leukotriene_E4" title="Leukotriene E4">Leukotriene E<sub>4</sub></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Enzyme" title="Enzyme">Enzyme</a><br /><small>(<a href="/wiki/Enzyme_inhibitor" title="Enzyme inhibitor">inhibitors</a>)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4em;;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Arachidonate_5-lipoxygenase" title="Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase"><abbr title="Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase">5-LOX</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2-TEDC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2-TEDC (page does not exist)">2-TEDC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baicalein" title="Baicalein">Baicalein</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=BW-A4C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BW-A4C (page does not exist)">BW-A4C</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=BW-B70C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BW-B70C (page does not exist)">BW-B70C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caffeic_acid" title="Caffeic acid">Caffeic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinnamyl-3,4-dihydroxy-%CE%B1-cyanocinnamate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cinnamyl-3,4-dihydroxy-α-cyanocinnamate (page does not exist)">CDC</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CJ-13610&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CJ-13610 (page does not exist)">CJ-13610</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Curcumin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenleuton" title="Fenleuton">Fenleuton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperforin" title="Hyperforin">Hyperforin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypericum_perforatum" title="Hypericum perforatum"><i>Hypericum perforatum</i> (St. John's Wort)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meclofenamic_acid" title="Meclofenamic acid">Meclofenamic acid (meclofenamate)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minocycline" title="Minocycline">Minocycline</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=N-Stearoyldopamine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="N-Stearoyldopamine (page does not exist)">N-Stearoyldopamine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timegadine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Timegadine (page does not exist)">Timegadine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zileuton" title="Zileuton">Zileuton</a></li></ul> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Arachidonate_5-lipoxygenase-activating_protein" class="mw-redirect" title="Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein"><abbr title="Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein">FLAP</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein</span> inhibitors:</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=AM-103_(drug)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AM-103 (drug) (page does not exist)">AM-103</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AM-679_(FLAP_inhibitor)" title="AM-679 (FLAP inhibitor)">AM-679</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=BAYx1005&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BAYx1005 (page does not exist)">BAYx1005</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MK-591&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MK-591 (page does not exist)">MK-591</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MK-886" title="MK-886">MK-886</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4em;;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Arachidonate_12-lipoxygenase" class="mw-redirect" title="Arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase"><abbr title="Arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase">12-LOX</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2-TEDC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2-TEDC (page does not exist)">2-TEDC</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=3-Methoxytropolone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="3-Methoxytropolone (page does not exist)">3-Methoxytropolone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baicalein" title="Baicalein">Baicalein</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinnamyl-3,4-dihydroxy-%CE%B1-cyanocinnamate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cinnamyl-3,4-dihydroxy-α-cyanocinnamate (page does not exist)">CDC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4em;;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Arachidonate_15-lipoxygenase" class="mw-redirect" title="Arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase"><abbr title="Arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase">15-LOX</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2-TEDC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2-TEDC (page does not exist)">2-TEDC</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinnamyl-3,4-dihydroxy-%CE%B1-cyanocinnamate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cinnamyl-3,4-dihydroxy-α-cyanocinnamate (page does not exist)">CDC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luteolin" title="Luteolin">Luteolin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=PD-146176&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PD-146176 (page does not exist)">PD-146176</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4em;;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Leukotriene_A4_hydrolase" class="mw-redirect" title="Leukotriene A4 hydrolase"><abbr title="Leukotriene A4 hydrolase">LTA<sub>4</sub>H</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Leukotriene A4 hydrolase</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acebilustat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Acebilustat (page does not exist)">Acebilustat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captopril" title="Captopril">Captopril</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=DG-051&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DG-051 (page does not exist)">DG-051</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fosinoprilat" class="mw-redirect" title="Fosinoprilat">Fosinoprilat</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JNJ-26993135&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JNJ-26993135 (page does not exist)">JNJ-26993135</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SA-6541&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SA-6541 (page does not exist)">SA-6541</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SC-57461A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SC-57461A (page does not exist)">SC-57461A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubenimex" title="Ubenimex">Ubenimex (bestatin)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4em;;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Leukotriene_B4_%CF%89-hydroxylase" class="mw-redirect" title="Leukotriene B4 ω-hydroxylase"><abbr title="Leukotriene B4 ω-hydroxylase">LTB<sub>4</sub>H</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Leukotriene B4 ω-hydroxylase</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=17-Octadecynoic_acid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="17-Octadecynoic acid (page does not exist)">17-Octadecynoic acid</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4em;;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Leukotriene_C4_synthase" title="Leukotriene C4 synthase"><abbr title="Leukotriene C4 synthase">LTC<sub>4</sub>S</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Leukotriene C4 synthase</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azelastine" title="Azelastine">Azelastine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MK-886" title="MK-886">MK-886</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4em;;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Leukotriene_C4_hydrolase" title="Leukotriene C4 hydrolase"><abbr title="Leukotriene C4 hydrolase">LTC<sub>4</sub>H</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Leukotriene C4 hydrolase</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acivicin" title="Acivicin">Acivicin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serine-borate_complex&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Serine-borate complex (page does not exist)">Serine-borate complex</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4em;;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Leukotriene_D4_hydrolase" class="mw-redirect" title="Leukotriene D4 hydrolase"><abbr title="Leukotriene D4 hydrolase">LTD<sub>4</sub></abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Leukotriene D4 hydrolase</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cilastatin" title="Cilastatin">Cilastatin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubenimex" title="Ubenimex">Ubenimex (bestatin)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Precursors:</b> <a href="/wiki/Linoleic_acid" title="Linoleic acid">Linoleic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CE%93-Linolenic_acid" title="Γ-Linolenic acid">γ-Linolenic acid (gamolenic acid)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dihomo-%CE%B3-linolenic_acid" title="Dihomo-γ-linolenic acid">Dihomo-γ-linolenic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diglyceride" title="Diglyceride">Diacylglycerol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arachidonic_acid" title="Arachidonic acid">Arachidonic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arachidonic_acid_5-hydroperoxide" title="Arachidonic acid 5-hydroperoxide">5-HPETE (arachidonic acid 5-hydroperoxide)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leukotriene_A4" title="Leukotriene A4">Leukotriene A<sub>4</sub></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt>See also</dt> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/Template:Receptor_modulators" title="Template:Receptor modulators">Receptor/signaling modulators</a></i></dd> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/Template:Prostanoid_signaling_modulators" title="Template:Prostanoid signaling modulators">Prostanoid signaling modulators</a></i></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Prostanoid_signaling_modulators402" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Prostanoid_signaling_modulators" title="Template:Prostanoid signaling modulators"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Prostanoid_signaling_modulators" title="Template talk:Prostanoid signaling modulators"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Prostanoid_signaling_modulators" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Prostanoid signaling modulators"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Prostanoid_signaling_modulators402" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Prostanoid" title="Prostanoid">Prostanoid</a> <a href="/wiki/Cell_signaling" title="Cell signaling">signaling</a> <a href="/wiki/Receptor_modulator" title="Receptor modulator">modulators</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Receptor_(biochemistry)" title="Receptor (biochemistry)">Receptor</a><br /><small>(<a href="/wiki/Ligand_(biochemistry)" title="Ligand (biochemistry)">ligands</a>)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Prostaglandin_D2_receptor" title="Prostaglandin D2 receptor"><abbr title="Prostaglandin D2 receptor">DP (D<sub>2</sub>)</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Prostaglandin D2 receptor</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Prostaglandin_D2_receptor_1" class="mw-redirect" title="Prostaglandin D2 receptor 1"><abbr title="Prostaglandin D2 receptor 1">DP<sub>1</sub></abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Prostaglandin D2 receptor 1</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Agonists:</b> <a href="/wiki/Prostaglandin_D2" title="Prostaglandin D2">Prostaglandin D<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treprostinil" title="Treprostinil">Treprostinil</a></li></ul> <ul><li><b>Antagonists:</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Asapiprant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Asapiprant (page does not exist)">Asapiprant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laropiprant" title="Laropiprant">Laropiprant</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vidupiprant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vidupiprant (page does not exist)">Vidupiprant</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Prostaglandin_D2_receptor_2" class="mw-redirect" title="Prostaglandin D2 receptor 2"><abbr title="Prostaglandin D2 receptor 2">DP<sub>2</sub></abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Prostaglandin D2 receptor 2</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Agonists:</b> <a href="/wiki/Indometacin" title="Indometacin">Indometacin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostaglandin_D2" title="Prostaglandin D2">Prostaglandin D<sub>2</sub></a></li></ul> <ul><li><b>Antagonists:</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=ADC-3680&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ADC-3680 (page does not exist)">ADC-3680</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AZD-1981&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AZD-1981 (page does not exist)">AZD-1981</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bay_U3405&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bay U3405 (page does not exist)">Bay U3405</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fevipiprant" title="Fevipiprant">Fevipiprant</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MK-1029&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MK-1029 (page does not exist)">MK-1029</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MK-7246&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MK-7246 (page does not exist)">MK-7246</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=QAV-680&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="QAV-680 (page does not exist)">QAV-680</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramatroban" title="Ramatroban">Ramatroban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Setipiprant" title="Setipiprant">Setipiprant</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timapiprant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Timapiprant (page does not exist)">Timapiprant</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=TM30089&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TM30089 (page does not exist)">TM30089</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vidupiprant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vidupiprant (page does not exist)">Vidupiprant</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Prostaglandin_E2_receptor" title="Prostaglandin E2 receptor"><abbr title="Prostaglandin E2 receptor">EP (E<sub>2</sub>)</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Prostaglandin E2 receptor</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Prostaglandin_EP1_receptor" title="Prostaglandin EP1 receptor"><abbr title="Prostaglandin EP1 receptor">EP<sub>1</sub></abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Prostaglandin EP1 receptor</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Agonists:</b> <a href="/wiki/Beraprost" title="Beraprost">Beraprost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enprostil" title="Enprostil">Enprostil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iloprost" title="Iloprost">Iloprost (ciloprost)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latanoprost" title="Latanoprost">Latanoprost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lubiprostone" title="Lubiprostone">Lubiprostone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misoprostol" title="Misoprostol">Misoprostol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostaglandin_E1" title="Prostaglandin E1">Prostaglandin E<sub>1</sub> (alprostadil)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostaglandin_E2" title="Prostaglandin E2">Prostaglandin E<sub>2</sub> (dinoprostone)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulprostone" title="Sulprostone">Sulprostone</a></li></ul> <ul><li><b>Antagonists:</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=AH-6809&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AH-6809 (page does not exist)">AH-6809</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ONO-8130&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ONO-8130 (page does not exist)">ONO-8130</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SC-19220&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SC-19220 (page does not exist)">SC-19220</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SC-51089&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SC-51089 (page does not exist)">SC-51089</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SC-51322&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SC-51322 (page does not exist)">SC-51322</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Prostaglandin_EP2_receptor" title="Prostaglandin EP2 receptor"><abbr title="Prostaglandin EP2 receptor">EP<sub>2</sub></abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Prostaglandin EP2 receptor</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Agonists:</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Butaprost&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Butaprost (page does not exist)">Butaprost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misoprostol" title="Misoprostol">Misoprostol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostaglandin_E1" title="Prostaglandin E1">Prostaglandin E<sub>1</sub> (alprostadil)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostaglandin_E2" title="Prostaglandin E2">Prostaglandin E<sub>2</sub> (dinoprostone)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treprostinil" title="Treprostinil">Treprostinil</a></li></ul> <ul><li><b>Antagonists:</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=AH-6809&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AH-6809 (page does not exist)">AH-6809</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=PF-04418948&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PF-04418948 (page does not exist)">PF-04418948</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=TG_4-155&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TG 4-155 (page does not exist)">TG 4-155</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Prostaglandin_EP3_receptor" title="Prostaglandin EP3 receptor"><abbr title="Prostaglandin EP3 receptor">EP<sub>3</sub></abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Prostaglandin EP3 receptor</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Agonists:</b> <a href="/wiki/Beraprost" title="Beraprost">Beraprost</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carbacyclin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carbacyclin (page does not exist)">Carbacyclin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cicaprost&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cicaprost (page does not exist)">Cicaprost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enprostil" title="Enprostil">Enprostil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iloprost" title="Iloprost">Iloprost (ciloprost)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isocarbacyclin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Isocarbacyclin (page does not exist)">Isocarbacyclin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latanoprost" title="Latanoprost">Latanoprost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misoprostol" title="Misoprostol">Misoprostol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostaglandin_D2" title="Prostaglandin D2">Prostaglandin D<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostaglandin_E1" title="Prostaglandin E1">Prostaglandin E<sub>1</sub> (alprostadil)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostaglandin_E2" title="Prostaglandin E2">Prostaglandin E<sub>2</sub> (dinoprostone)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Remiprostol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Remiprostol (page does not exist)">Remiprostol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ricinoleic_acid" title="Ricinoleic acid">Ricinoleic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulprostone" title="Sulprostone">Sulprostone</a></li></ul> <ul><li><b>Antagonists:</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=L-798106&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="L-798106 (page does not exist)">L-798106</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Prostaglandin_EP4_receptor" title="Prostaglandin EP4 receptor"><abbr title="Prostaglandin EP4 receptor">EP<sub>4</sub></abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Prostaglandin EP4 receptor</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Agonists:</b> <a href="/wiki/Lubiprostone" title="Lubiprostone">Lubiprostone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misoprostol" title="Misoprostol">Misoprostol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostaglandin_E1" title="Prostaglandin E1">Prostaglandin E<sub>1</sub> (alprostadil)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostaglandin_E2" title="Prostaglandin E2">Prostaglandin E<sub>2</sub> (dinoprostone)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=TCS-2510&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TCS-2510 (page does not exist)">TCS-2510</a></li></ul> <ul><li><b>Antagonists:</b> <a href="/wiki/Grapiprant" title="Grapiprant">Grapiprant</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=GW-627368&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GW-627368 (page does not exist)">GW-627368</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=L-161982&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="L-161982 (page does not exist)">L-161982</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ONO-AE3-208&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ONO-AE3-208 (page does not exist)">ONO-AE3-208</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;;text-align:center;">Unsorted</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Agonists:</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=16,16-Dimethyl_Prostaglandin_E2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="16,16-Dimethyl Prostaglandin E2 (page does not exist)">16,16-Dimethyl Prostaglandin E<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aganepag&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aganepag (page does not exist)">Aganepag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carboprost" title="Carboprost">Carboprost</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evatanepag&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Evatanepag (page does not exist)">Evatanepag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gemeprost" title="Gemeprost">Gemeprost</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nocloprost&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nocloprost (page does not exist)">Nocloprost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omidenepag" title="Omidenepag">Omidenepag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostaglandin_F2%CE%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="Prostaglandin F2α">Prostaglandin F<sub>2α</sub> (dinoprost)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Simenepag&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Simenepag (page does not exist)">Simenepag</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taprenepag&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taprenepag (page does not exist)">Taprenepag</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Prostaglandin_F_receptor" title="Prostaglandin F receptor"><abbr title="Prostaglandin F receptor">FP (F<sub>2α</sub>)</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Prostaglandin F receptor</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Agonists:</b> <a href="/wiki/Alfaprostol" title="Alfaprostol">Alfaprostol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bimatoprost" title="Bimatoprost">Bimatoprost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carboprost" title="Carboprost">Carboprost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cloprostenol" title="Cloprostenol">Cloprostenol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enprostil" title="Enprostil">Enprostil</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fluprostenol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fluprostenol (page does not exist)">Fluprostenol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latanoprost" title="Latanoprost">Latanoprost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostaglandin_D2" title="Prostaglandin D2">Prostaglandin D<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostaglandin_F2%CE%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="Prostaglandin F2α">Prostaglandin F<sub>2α</sub> (dinoprost)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sulotroban&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sulotroban (page does not exist)">Sulotroban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tafluprost" title="Tafluprost">Tafluprost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Travoprost" title="Travoprost">Travoprost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unoprostone" title="Unoprostone">Unoprostone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Prostacyclin_receptor" title="Prostacyclin receptor"><abbr title="Prostacyclin receptor">IP (I<sub>2</sub>)</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Prostacyclin receptor</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Agonists:</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=ACT-333679&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ACT-333679 (page does not exist)">ACT-333679</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AFP-07&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AFP-07 (page does not exist)">AFP-07</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beraprost" title="Beraprost">Beraprost</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=BMY-45778&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BMY-45778 (page does not exist)">BMY-45778</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carbacyclin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carbacyclin (page does not exist)">Carbacyclin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cicaprost&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cicaprost (page does not exist)">Cicaprost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iloprost" title="Iloprost">Iloprost (ciloprost)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isocarbacyclin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Isocarbacyclin (page does not exist)">Isocarbacyclin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MRE-269&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MRE-269 (page does not exist)">MRE-269</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=NS-304&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NS-304 (page does not exist)">NS-304</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostacyclin" title="Prostacyclin">Prostacyclin (prostaglandin I<sub>2</sub>, epoprostenol)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostaglandin_E1" title="Prostaglandin E1">Prostaglandin E<sub>1</sub> (alprostadil)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ralinepag&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ralinepag (page does not exist)">Ralinepag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selexipag" title="Selexipag">Selexipag</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taprostene&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taprostene (page does not exist)">Taprostene</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=TRA-418&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TRA-418 (page does not exist)">TRA-418</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treprostinil" title="Treprostinil">Treprostinil</a></li></ul> <ul><li><b>Antagonists:</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=RO1138452&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RO1138452 (page does not exist)">RO1138452</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Thromboxane_receptor" title="Thromboxane receptor"><abbr title="Thromboxane receptor">TP (TX<sub>A2</sub>)</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Thromboxane receptor</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Agonists:</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Carbocyclic_thromboxane_A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carbocyclic thromboxane A2 (page does not exist)">Carbocyclic thromboxane A<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=I-BOP&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="I-BOP (page does not exist)">I-BOP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thromboxane_A2" title="Thromboxane A2">Thromboxane A<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U-46619" class="mw-redirect" title="U-46619">U-46619</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vapiprost&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vapiprost (page does not exist)">Vapiprost</a></li></ul> <ul><li><b>Antagonists:</b> <a href="/wiki/12-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic_acid" title="12-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid">12-HETE</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=13-APA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="13-APA (page does not exist)">13-APA</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AA-2414&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AA-2414 (page does not exist)">AA-2414</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argatroban" title="Argatroban">Argatroban</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bay_U3405&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bay U3405 (page does not exist)">Bay U3405</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=BMS-180,291&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BMS-180,291 (page does not exist)">BMS-180,291</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daltroban&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daltroban (page does not exist)">Daltroban</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Domitroban&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Domitroban (page does not exist)">Domitroban</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=EP-045&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="EP-045 (page does not exist)">EP-045</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=GR-32191&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GR-32191 (page does not exist)">GR-32191</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ICI-185282&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ICI-185282 (page does not exist)">ICI-185282</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ICI-192605&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ICI-192605 (page does not exist)">ICI-192605</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ifetroban" title="Ifetroban">Ifetroban</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Imitrodast&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Imitrodast (page does not exist)">Imitrodast</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=L-655240&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="L-655240 (page does not exist)">L-655240</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=L-670596&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="L-670596 (page does not exist)">L-670596</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Linotroban&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Linotroban (page does not exist)">Linotroban</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mipitroban&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mipitroban (page does not exist)">Mipitroban</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ONO-3708&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ONO-3708 (page does not exist)">ONO-3708</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ONO-11120&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ONO-11120 (page does not exist)">ONO-11120</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picotamide" title="Picotamide">Picotamide</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pinane_thromboxane_A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pinane thromboxane A2 (page does not exist)">Pinane thromboxane A<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramatroban" title="Ramatroban">Ramatroban</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ridogrel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ridogrel (page does not exist)">Ridogrel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=S-145&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="S-145 (page does not exist)">S-145</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samixogrel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samixogrel (page does not exist)">Samixogrel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seratrodast" title="Seratrodast">Seratrodast</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SQ-28,668&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SQ-28,668 (page does not exist)">SQ-28,668</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SQ-29,548&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SQ-29,548 (page does not exist)">SQ-29,548</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sulotroban&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sulotroban (page does not exist)">Sulotroban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terbogrel" title="Terbogrel">Terbogrel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terutroban" title="Terutroban">Terutroban</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=TRA-418&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TRA-418 (page does not exist)">TRA-418</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;;text-align:center;">Unsorted</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arbaprostil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arbaprostil (page does not exist)">Arbaprostil</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ataprost&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ataprost (page does not exist)">Ataprost</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ciprostene&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ciprostene (page does not exist)">Ciprostene</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clinprost&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clinprost (page does not exist)">Clinprost</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cobiprostone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cobiprostone (page does not exist)">Cobiprostone</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Delprostenate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Delprostenate (page does not exist)">Delprostenate</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deprostil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Deprostil (page does not exist)">Deprostil</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dimoxaprost&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dimoxaprost (page does not exist)">Dimoxaprost</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Doxaprost&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Doxaprost (page does not exist)">Doxaprost</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ecraprost&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ecraprost (page does not exist)">Ecraprost</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eganoprost&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eganoprost (page does not exist)">Eganoprost</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enisoprost&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Enisoprost (page does not exist)">Enisoprost</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eptaloprost&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eptaloprost (page does not exist)">Eptaloprost</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esuberaprost&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Esuberaprost (page does not exist)">Esuberaprost</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etiproston&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Etiproston (page does not exist)">Etiproston</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fenprostalene&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fenprostalene (page does not exist)">Fenprostalene</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flunoprost&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flunoprost (page does not exist)">Flunoprost</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Froxiprost&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Froxiprost (page does not exist)">Froxiprost</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lanproston&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lanproston (page does not exist)">Lanproston</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limaprost&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Limaprost (page does not exist)">Limaprost</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luprostiol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luprostiol (page does not exist)">Luprostiol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meteneprost&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Meteneprost (page does not exist)">Meteneprost</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mexiprostil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mexiprostil (page does not exist)">Mexiprostil</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Naxaprostene&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Naxaprostene (page does not exist)">Naxaprostene</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nileprost&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nileprost (page does not exist)">Nileprost</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nocloprost&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nocloprost (page does not exist)">Nocloprost</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ornoprostil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ornoprostil (page does not exist)">Ornoprostil</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oxoprostol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oxoprostol (page does not exist)">Oxoprostol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penprostene&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Penprostene (page does not exist)">Penprostene</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pimilprost&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pimilprost (page does not exist)">Pimilprost</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piriprost&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Piriprost (page does not exist)">Piriprost</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posaraprost&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Posaraprost (page does not exist)">Posaraprost</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prostalene&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prostalene (page does not exist)">Prostalene</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rioprostil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rioprostil (page does not exist)">Rioprostil</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rivenprost&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rivenprost (page does not exist)">Rivenprost</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rosaprostol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rosaprostol (page does not exist)">Rosaprostol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spiriprostil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spiriprostil (page does not exist)">Spiriprostil</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tiaprost&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tiaprost (page does not exist)">Tiaprost</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tilsuprost&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tilsuprost (page does not exist)">Tilsuprost</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tiprostanide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tiprostanide (page does not exist)">Tiprostanide</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trimoprostil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trimoprostil (page does not exist)">Trimoprostil</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Viprostol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Viprostol (page does not exist)">Viprostol</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Enzyme" title="Enzyme">Enzyme</a><br /><small>(<a href="/wiki/Enzyme_inhibitor" title="Enzyme inhibitor">inhibitors</a>)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Cyclooxygenase" title="Cyclooxygenase"><abbr title="Cyclooxygenase">COX</abbr><br />(<abbr title="prostaglandin G/H synthase">PTGS</abbr>)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Salicylic acids:</i> <a href="/wiki/Aloxiprin" title="Aloxiprin">Aloxiprin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aspirin" title="Aspirin">Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benorilate" title="Benorilate">Benorilate (benorylate)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbasalate_calcium" title="Carbasalate calcium">Carbasalate calcium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diflunisal" title="Diflunisal">Diflunisal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dipyrocetyl" title="Dipyrocetyl">Dipyrocetyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethenzamide" title="Ethenzamide">Ethenzamide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guacetisal" title="Guacetisal">Guacetisal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnesium_salicylate" title="Magnesium salicylate">Magnesium salicylate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesalazine" title="Mesalazine">Mesalazine (5-aminosalicylic acid)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methyl_salicylate" title="Methyl salicylate">Methyl salicylate</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salacetamide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Salacetamide (page does not exist)">Salacetamide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salicin" title="Salicin">Salicin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salicylamide" title="Salicylamide">Salicylamide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salicylate" class="mw-redirect" title="Salicylate">Salicylate (salicylic acid)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salsalate" title="Salsalate">Salsalate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_salicylate" title="Sodium salicylate">Sodium salicylate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triflusal" title="Triflusal">Triflusal</a>; <i>Acetic acids:</i> <a href="/wiki/Aceclofenac" title="Aceclofenac">Aceclofenac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acemetacin" title="Acemetacin">Acemetacin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aclofenac&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aclofenac (page does not exist)">Aclofenac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amfenac" title="Amfenac">Amfenac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alclofenac" title="Alclofenac">Alclofenac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bendazac" title="Bendazac">Bendazac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bromfenac" title="Bromfenac">Bromfenac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bufexamac" title="Bufexamac">Bufexamac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bumadizone" title="Bumadizone">Bumadizone</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinmetacin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cinmetacin (page does not exist)">Cinmetacin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clometacin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clometacin (page does not exist)">Clometacin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diclofenac" title="Diclofenac">Diclofenac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Difenpiramide" title="Difenpiramide">Difenpiramide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etodolac" title="Etodolac">Etodolac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felbinac" title="Felbinac">Felbinac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenclofenac" title="Fenclofenac">Fenclofenac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fentiazac" title="Fentiazac">Fentiazac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glucametacin" title="Glucametacin">Glucametacin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indometacin" title="Indometacin">Indometacin (indomethacin)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indometacin_farnesil" title="Indometacin farnesil">Indometacin farnesil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ketorolac" title="Ketorolac">Ketorolac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lonazolac" title="Lonazolac">Lonazolac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mofezolac" title="Mofezolac">Mofezolac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nabumetone" title="Nabumetone">Nabumetone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxametacin" title="Oxametacin">Oxametacin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oxindanac&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oxindanac (page does not exist)">Oxindanac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proglumetacin" title="Proglumetacin">Proglumetacin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulindac" title="Sulindac">Sulindac</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sulindac_sulfide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sulindac sulfide (page does not exist)">Sulindac sulfide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolmetin" title="Tolmetin">Tolmetin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zidometacin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zidometacin (page does not exist)">Zidometacin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zomepirac" title="Zomepirac">Zomepirac</a>; <i>Propionic acids:</i> <a href="/wiki/Alminoprofen" title="Alminoprofen">Alminoprofen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benoxaprofen" title="Benoxaprofen">Benoxaprofen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bucloxic_acid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bucloxic acid (page does not exist)">Bucloxic acid (blucloxate)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Butibufen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Butibufen (page does not exist)">Butibufen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carprofen" title="Carprofen">Carprofen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dexibuprofen" title="Dexibuprofen">Dexibuprofen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dexindoprofen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dexindoprofen (page does not exist)">Dexindoprofen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dexketoprofen" title="Dexketoprofen">Dexketoprofen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenbufen" title="Fenbufen">Fenbufen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenoprofen" title="Fenoprofen">Fenoprofen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flunoxaprofen" title="Flunoxaprofen">Flunoxaprofen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flurbiprofen" title="Flurbiprofen">Flurbiprofen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibuprofen" title="Ibuprofen">Ibuprofen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibuproxam" title="Ibuproxam">Ibuproxam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indoprofen" title="Indoprofen">Indoprofen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ketoprofen" title="Ketoprofen">Ketoprofen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loxoprofen" title="Loxoprofen">Loxoprofen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miroprofen" title="Miroprofen">Miroprofen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naproxen" title="Naproxen">Naproxen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naproxcinod" title="Naproxcinod">Naproxcinod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxaprozin" title="Oxaprozin">Oxaprozin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirprofen" title="Pirprofen">Pirprofen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pranoprofen" title="Pranoprofen">Pranoprofen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suprofen" title="Suprofen">Suprofen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarenflurbil" title="Tarenflurbil">Tarenflurbil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tepoxalin" title="Tepoxalin">Tepoxalin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiaprofenic_acid" title="Tiaprofenic acid">Tiaprofenic acid (tiaprofenate)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vedaprofen" title="Vedaprofen">Vedaprofen</a>; <i>Anthranilic acids (fenamic acids):</i> <a href="/wiki/Etofenamate" title="Etofenamate">Etofenamic acid (etofenamate)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Floctafenic_acid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Floctafenic acid (page does not exist)">Floctafenic acid (floctafenate)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flufenamic_acid" title="Flufenamic acid">Flufenamic acid (flufenamate)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meclofenamic_acid" title="Meclofenamic acid">Meclofenamic acid (meclofenamate)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mefenamic_acid" title="Mefenamic acid">Mefenamic acid (mefenamate)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morniflumate" title="Morniflumate">Morniflumic acid (morniflumate)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niflumic_acid" title="Niflumic acid">Niflumic acid (niflumate)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talinflumic_acid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Talinflumic acid (page does not exist)">Talinflumic acid (talinflumate)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolfenamic_acid" title="Tolfenamic acid">Tolfenamic acid (tolfenamate)</a>; <i>Pyrazolones:</i> <a href="/wiki/Azapropazone" title="Azapropazone">Azapropazone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dipyrone" class="mw-redirect" title="Dipyrone">Dipyrone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isopyrin" class="mw-redirect" title="Isopyrin">Isopyrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxyphenbutazone" title="Oxyphenbutazone">Oxyphenbutazone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenylbutazone" title="Phenylbutazone">Phenylbutazone</a>; <i>Enolic acids (oxicams):</i> <a href="/wiki/Ampiroxicam" title="Ampiroxicam">Ampiroxicam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Droxicam" title="Droxicam">Droxicam</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enolicam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Enolicam (page does not exist)">Enolicam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isoxicam" title="Isoxicam">Isoxicam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lornoxicam" title="Lornoxicam">Lornoxicam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meloxicam" title="Meloxicam">Meloxicam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piroxicam" title="Piroxicam">Piroxicam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenoxicam" title="Tenoxicam">Tenoxicam</a>; <i>4-Aminoquinolines:</i> <a href="/wiki/Antrafenine" title="Antrafenine">Antrafenine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floctafenine" title="Floctafenine">Floctafenine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glafenine" title="Glafenine">Glafenine</a>; <i>Quinazolines:</i> <a href="/wiki/Fluproquazone" title="Fluproquazone">Fluproquazone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proquazone" title="Proquazone">Proquazone</a>; <i>Aminonicotinic acids:</i> <a href="/wiki/Clonixeril" class="mw-redirect" title="Clonixeril">Clonixeril</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clonixin" title="Clonixin">Clonixin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flunixin" title="Flunixin">Flunixin</a>; <i>Sulfonanilides:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Flosulide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flosulide (page does not exist)">Flosulide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nimesulide" title="Nimesulide">Nimesulide</a>; <i>Aminophenols (anilines):</i> <a href="/wiki/Acetanilide" title="Acetanilide">Acetanilide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AM404" title="AM404">AM-404 (N-arachidonoylaminophenol)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bucetin" title="Bucetin">Bucetin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paracetamol" title="Paracetamol">Paracetamol (acetaminophen)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parapropamol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parapropamol (page does not exist)">Parapropamol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenacetin" title="Phenacetin">Phenacetin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propacetamol" title="Propacetamol">Propacetamol</a>; <i>Selective COX-2 inhibitors (coxibs):</i> <a href="/wiki/Apricoxib" title="Apricoxib">Apricoxib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celecoxib" title="Celecoxib">Celecoxib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cimicoxib" title="Cimicoxib">Cimicoxib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deracoxib" title="Deracoxib">Deracoxib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etoricoxib" title="Etoricoxib">Etoricoxib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firocoxib" title="Firocoxib">Firocoxib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lumiracoxib" title="Lumiracoxib">Lumiracoxib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mavacoxib" title="Mavacoxib">Mavacoxib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parecoxib" title="Parecoxib">Parecoxib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polmacoxib" title="Polmacoxib">Polmacoxib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robenacoxib" title="Robenacoxib">Robenacoxib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rofecoxib" title="Rofecoxib">Rofecoxib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tilmacoxib" title="Tilmacoxib">Tilmacoxib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valdecoxib" title="Valdecoxib">Valdecoxib</a>; <i>Others/unsorted:</i> <a href="/wiki/Anitrazafen" title="Anitrazafen">Anitrazafen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clobuzarit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clobuzarit (page does not exist)">Clobuzarit</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Curcumin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=DuP-697&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DuP-697 (page does not exist)">DuP-697</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=FK-3311&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="FK-3311 (page does not exist)">FK-3311</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flumizole" title="Flumizole">Flumizole</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=FR-122047&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="FR-122047 (page does not exist)">FR-122047</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glimepiride" title="Glimepiride">Glimepiride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperforin" title="Hyperforin">Hyperforin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Itazigrel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Itazigrel (page does not exist)">Itazigrel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=L-655240&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="L-655240 (page does not exist)">L-655240</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=L-670596&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="L-670596 (page does not exist)">L-670596</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Licofelone" title="Licofelone">Licofelone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menatetrenone" title="Menatetrenone">Menatetrenone (vitamin K<sub>2</sub>)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=NCX-466&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NCX-466 (page does not exist)">NCX-466</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=NCX-4040&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NCX-4040 (page does not exist)">NCX-4040</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NS-398" title="NS-398">NS-398</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pamicogrel" title="Pamicogrel">Pamicogrel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resveratrol" title="Resveratrol">Resveratrol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romazarit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Romazarit (page does not exist)">Romazarit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosmarinic_acid" title="Rosmarinic acid">Rosmarinic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rutecarpine" title="Rutecarpine">Rutecarpine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Satigrel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Satigrel (page does not exist)">Satigrel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SC-236&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SC-236 (page does not exist)">SC-236</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SC-560&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SC-560 (page does not exist)">SC-560</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SC-58125&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SC-58125 (page does not exist)">SC-58125</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenidap" title="Tenidap">Tenidap</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tiflamizole&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tiflamizole (page does not exist)">Tiflamizole</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timegadine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Timegadine (page does not exist)">Timegadine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trifenagrel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trifenagrel (page does not exist)">Trifenagrel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tropesin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tropesin (page does not exist)">Tropesin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Prostaglandin_D_synthase" class="mw-redirect" title="Prostaglandin D synthase"><abbr title="Prostaglandin D synthase">PGD<sub>2</sub>S</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Prostaglandin D synthase</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Retinoid" title="Retinoid">Retinoids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selenium" title="Selenium">Selenium</a> (<a href="/wiki/Selenium_tetrachloride" title="Selenium tetrachloride">selenium tetrachloride</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sodium_selenite" title="Sodium selenite">sodium selenite</a>, <a href="/wiki/Selenium_disulfide" title="Selenium disulfide">selenium disulfide</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Prostaglandin_E_synthase" title="Prostaglandin E synthase"><abbr title="Prostaglandin E synthase">PGES</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Prostaglandin E synthase</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=HQL-79&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HQL-79 (page does not exist)">HQL-79</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Prostaglandin_F_synthase" title="Prostaglandin F synthase"><abbr title="Prostaglandin F synthase">PGFS</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Prostaglandin F synthase</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Bimatoprost" title="Bimatoprost">Bimatoprost</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Prostacyclin_synthase" title="Prostacyclin synthase"><abbr title="Prostacyclin synthase">PGI<sub>2</sub>S</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Prostacyclin synthase</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Tranylcypromine" title="Tranylcypromine">Tranylcypromine</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Thromboxane_A_synthase" class="mw-redirect" title="Thromboxane A synthase"><abbr title="Thromboxane A synthase">TXAS</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Thromboxane A synthase</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Camonagrel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Camonagrel (page does not exist)">Camonagrel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dazmegrel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dazmegrel (page does not exist)">Dazmegrel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dazoxiben" title="Dazoxiben">Dazoxiben</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Furegrelate" title="Furegrelate">Furegrelate</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isbogrel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Isbogrel (page does not exist)">Isbogrel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Midazogrel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Midazogrel (page does not exist)">Midazogrel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nafagrel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nafagrel (page does not exist)">Nafagrel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicogrelate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nicogrelate (page does not exist)">Nicogrelate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ozagrel" title="Ozagrel">Ozagrel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picotamide" title="Picotamide">Picotamide</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pirmagrel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pirmagrel (page does not exist)">Pirmagrel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ridogrel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ridogrel (page does not exist)">Ridogrel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rolafagrel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rolafagrel (page does not exist)">Rolafagrel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samixogrel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samixogrel (page does not exist)">Samixogrel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terbogrel" title="Terbogrel">Terbogrel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=U63557A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="U63557A (page does not exist)">U63557A</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Precursors:</b> <a href="/wiki/Linoleic_acid" title="Linoleic acid">Linoleic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamma-Linolenic_acid" class="mw-redirect" title="Gamma-Linolenic acid">γ-Linolenic acid (gamolenic acid)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dihomo-%CE%B3-linolenic_acid" title="Dihomo-γ-linolenic acid">Dihomo-γ-linolenic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diglyceride" title="Diglyceride">Diacylglycerol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arachidonic_acid" title="Arachidonic acid">Arachidonic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostaglandin_G2" title="Prostaglandin G2">Prostaglandin G<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostaglandin_H2" title="Prostaglandin H2">Prostaglandin H<sub>2</sub></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt>See also</dt> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/Template:Receptor_modulators" title="Template:Receptor modulators">Receptor/signaling modulators</a></i></dd> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/Template:Leukotriene_signaling_modulators" title="Template:Leukotriene signaling modulators">Leukotriene signaling modulators</a></i></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="TRP_channel_modulators711" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Transient_receptor_potential_channel_modulators" title="Template:Transient receptor potential channel modulators"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Transient_receptor_potential_channel_modulators" title="Template talk:Transient receptor potential channel modulators"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Transient_receptor_potential_channel_modulators" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Transient receptor potential channel modulators"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="TRP_channel_modulators711" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Transient_receptor_potential_channel" title="Transient receptor potential channel"><abbr title="Transient receptor potential">TRP</abbr> channel</a> <a href="/wiki/Channel_modulator" title="Channel modulator">modulators</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><abbr title="Transient receptor potential ankyrin channel"><a href="/wiki/TRPA_(ion_channel)" title="TRPA (ion channel)">TRPA</a></abbr></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Activators</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/4-Hydroxynonenal" title="4-Hydroxynonenal">4-Hydroxynonenal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4-Oxo-2-nonenal" title="4-Oxo-2-nonenal">4-Oxo-2-nonenal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epoxyeicosatrienoic_acid" title="Epoxyeicosatrienoic acid">5,6-EET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/12-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic_acid" title="12-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid">12S-HpETE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclopentenone_prostaglandins" title="Cyclopentenone prostaglandins">15-Deoxy-Δ<sup>12,14</sup>-prostaglandin J2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydroxy-%CE%B1-sanshool" title="Hydroxy-α-sanshool">α-Sanshool</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ginger" title="Ginger">ginger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sichuan_pepper" title="Sichuan pepper">Sichuan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Grains_of_paradise" title="Grains of paradise">melegueta peppers</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acrolein" title="Acrolein">Acrolein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allicin" title="Allicin">Allicin</a> (<a href="/wiki/Garlic" title="Garlic">garlic</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allyl_isothiocyanate" title="Allyl isothiocyanate">Allyl isothiocyanate</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mustard_plant" title="Mustard plant">mustard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Radish" title="Radish">radish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Horseradish" title="Horseradish">horseradish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wasabi" title="Wasabi">wasabi</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/AM404" title="AM404">AM404</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASP-7663" title="ASP-7663">ASP-7663</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bradykinin" title="Bradykinin">Bradykinin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabichromene" title="Cannabichromene">Cannabichromene</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cannabis" title="Cannabis">cannabis</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabidiol" title="Cannabidiol">Cannabidiol</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cannabis" title="Cannabis">cannabis</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabigerol" title="Cannabigerol">Cannabigerol</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cannabis" title="Cannabis">cannabis</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinnamaldehyde" title="Cinnamaldehyde">Cinnamaldehyde</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cinnamon" title="Cinnamon">cinnamon</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CR_gas" title="CR gas">CR gas (dibenzoxazepine; DBO)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CS_gas" title="CS gas">CS gas (2-chlorobenzal malononitrile)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuminaldehyde" title="Cuminaldehyde">Cuminaldehyde</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cumin" title="Cumin">cumin</a>)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Curcumin</a> (<a href="/wiki/Turmeric" title="Turmeric">turmeric</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dehydroligustilide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dehydroligustilide (page does not exist)">Dehydroligustilide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Celery" title="Celery">celery</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diallyl_disulfide" title="Diallyl disulfide">Diallyl disulfide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dicentrine" title="Dicentrine">Dicentrine</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Lindera" title="Lindera">Lindera</a></i> spp.)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Farnesyl_thiosalicylic_acid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Farnesyl thiosalicylic acid (page does not exist)">Farnesyl thiosalicylic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Formalin" class="mw-redirect" title="Formalin">Formalin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gingerol" title="Gingerol">Gingerols</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ginger" title="Ginger">ginger</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hepoxilin_A3" class="mw-redirect" title="Hepoxilin A3">Hepoxilin A3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hepoxilin_B3" class="mw-redirect" title="Hepoxilin B3">Hepoxilin B3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_peroxide" title="Hydrogen peroxide">Hydrogen peroxide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icilin" title="Icilin">Icilin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isothiocyanate" title="Isothiocyanate">Isothiocyanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JT-010" title="JT-010">JT-010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ligustilide" title="Ligustilide">Ligustilide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Celery" title="Celery">celery</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Angelica_acutiloba" title="Angelica acutiloba">Angelica acutiloba</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linalool" title="Linalool">Linalool</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sichuan_pepper" title="Sichuan pepper">Sichuan pepper</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thyme" title="Thyme">thyme</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methylglyoxal" title="Methylglyoxal">Methylglyoxal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methyl_salicylate" title="Methyl salicylate">Methyl salicylate</a> (<a href="/wiki/Wintergreen" title="Wintergreen">wintergreen</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/N-Methylmaleimide" title="N-Methylmaleimide">N-Methylmaleimide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicotine" title="Nicotine">Nicotine</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tobacco" title="Tobacco">tobacco</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleocanthal" title="Oleocanthal">Oleocanthal</a> (<a href="/wiki/Olive_oil" title="Olive oil">olive oil</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paclitaxel" title="Paclitaxel">Paclitaxel</a> (<a href="/wiki/Taxus_brevifolia" title="Taxus brevifolia">Pacific yew</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paracetamol" title="Paracetamol">Paracetamol (acetaminophen)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PF-4840154" title="PF-4840154">PF-4840154</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenacyl_chloride" title="Phenacyl chloride">Phenacyl chloride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polygodial" title="Polygodial">Polygodial</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tasmannia_stipitata" title="Tasmannia stipitata">Dorrigo pepper</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shogaol" title="Shogaol">Shogaols</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ginger" title="Ginger">ginger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sichuan_pepper" title="Sichuan pepper">Sichuan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Grains_of_paradise" title="Grains of paradise">melegueta peppers</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tear_gas" title="Tear gas">Tear gases</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetrahydrocannabinol" title="Tetrahydrocannabinol">Tetrahydrocannabinol</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cannabis" title="Cannabis">cannabis</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetrahydrocannabiorcol" title="Tetrahydrocannabiorcol">Tetrahydrocannabiorcol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syn-Propanethial-S-oxide" title="Syn-Propanethial-S-oxide">Thiopropanal S-oxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Onion" title="Onion">onion</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umbellulone" title="Umbellulone">Umbellulone</a> (<i>Umbellularia californica</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/WIN_55,212-2" title="WIN 55,212-2">WIN 55,212-2</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Blockers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A-967079" title="A-967079">A-967079</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AM-0902" title="AM-0902">AM-0902</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dehydroligustilide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dehydroligustilide (page does not exist)">Dehydroligustilide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Celery" title="Celery">celery</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/HC-030031" title="HC-030031">HC-030031</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicotine" title="Nicotine">Nicotine</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tobacco" title="Tobacco">tobacco</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/PF-04745637" title="PF-04745637">PF-04745637</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruthenium_red" title="Ruthenium red">Ruthenium red</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><abbr title="Transient receptor potential canonical channel"><a href="/wiki/TRPC" title="TRPC">TRPC</a></abbr></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Activators</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adhyperforin" title="Adhyperforin">Adhyperforin</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hypericum_perforatum" title="Hypericum perforatum">St John's wort</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diglyceride" title="Diglyceride">Diacyl glycerol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GSK1702934A" title="GSK1702934A">GSK1702934A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperforin" title="Hyperforin">Hyperforin</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hypericum_perforatum" title="Hypericum perforatum">St John's wort</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Substance_P" title="Substance P">Substance P</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Blockers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=3%E2%80%B2-5-Dichlorodiphenylamine-2-carboxylic_acid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="3′-5-Dichlorodiphenylamine-2-carboxylic acid (page does not exist)">DCDPC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehydroepiandrosterone_sulfate" title="Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate">DHEA-S</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flufenamic_acid" title="Flufenamic acid">Flufenamic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GSK417651A" title="GSK417651A">GSK417651A</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=GSK2293017A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GSK2293017A (page does not exist)">GSK2293017A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meclofenamic_acid" title="Meclofenamic acid">Meclofenamic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N-(p-Amylcinnamoyl)anthranilic_acid" title="N-(p-Amylcinnamoyl)anthranilic acid">N-(p-Amylcinnamoyl)anthranilic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niflumic_acid" title="Niflumic acid">Niflumic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pregnenolone_sulfate" title="Pregnenolone sulfate">Pregnenolone sulfate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progesterone" title="Progesterone">Progesterone</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pyr3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pyr3 (page does not exist)">Pyr3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolfenamic_acid" title="Tolfenamic acid">Tolfenamic acid</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><abbr title="Transient receptor potential melastatin channel"><a href="/wiki/TRPM" title="TRPM">TRPM</a></abbr></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Activators</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adenosine_diphosphate_ribose" title="Adenosine diphosphate ribose">ADP-ribose</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=BCTC_(drug)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BCTC (drug) (page does not exist)">BCTC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calcium" title="Calcium">Calcium</a> (intracellular)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CIM-0216" title="CIM-0216">CIM-0216</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cold" title="Cold">Cold</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coolact_P&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Coolact P (page does not exist)">Coolact P</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooling_Agent_10" class="mw-redirect" title="Cooling Agent 10">Cooling Agent 10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eucalyptol" title="Eucalyptol">Eucalyptol</a> (<a href="/wiki/Eucalyptus" title="Eucalyptus">eucalyptus</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frescolat_MGA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frescolat MGA (page does not exist)">Frescolat MGA</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frescolat_ML&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frescolat ML (page does not exist)">Frescolat ML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geraniol" title="Geraniol">Geraniol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydroxycitronellal" title="Hydroxycitronellal">Hydroxycitronellal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icilin" title="Icilin">Icilin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linalool" title="Linalool">Linalool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menthol" title="Menthol">Menthol</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mentha" title="Mentha">mint</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=PMD_38&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PMD 38 (page does not exist)">PMD 38</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pregnenolone_sulfate" title="Pregnenolone sulfate">Pregnenolone sulfate</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rutamarin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rutamarin (page does not exist)">Rutamarin</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Ruta_graveolens" title="Ruta graveolens">Ruta graveolens</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steviol_glycoside" title="Steviol glycoside">Steviol glycosides</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Stevioside" title="Stevioside">stevioside</a>) (<i><a href="/wiki/Stevia_rebaudiana" title="Stevia rebaudiana">Stevia rebaudiana</a></i>)</li> <li>Sweet <a href="/wiki/Taste" title="Taste">tastants</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Glucose" title="Glucose">glucose</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fructose" title="Fructose">fructose</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sucrose" title="Sucrose">sucrose</a>; indirectly)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thio-BCTC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thio-BCTC (page does not exist)">Thio-BCTC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WS-12" class="mw-redirect" title="WS-12">WS-12</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Blockers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AMG-333" title="AMG-333">AMG-333</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capsazepine" title="Capsazepine">Capsazepine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clotrimazole" title="Clotrimazole">Clotrimazole</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=3%E2%80%B2-5-Dichlorodiphenylamine-2-carboxylic_acid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="3′-5-Dichlorodiphenylamine-2-carboxylic acid (page does not exist)">DCDPC</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elismetrep&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elismetrep (page does not exist)">Elismetrep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flufenamic_acid" title="Flufenamic acid">Flufenamic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meclofenamic_acid" title="Meclofenamic acid">Meclofenamic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mefenamic_acid" title="Mefenamic acid">Mefenamic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N-(p-Amylcinnamoyl)anthranilic_acid" title="N-(p-Amylcinnamoyl)anthranilic acid">N-(p-Amylcinnamoyl)anthranilic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicotine" title="Nicotine">Nicotine</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tobacco" title="Tobacco">tobacco</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niflumic_acid" title="Niflumic acid">Niflumic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ononetin" title="Ononetin">Ononetin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PF-05105679" title="PF-05105679">PF-05105679</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RQ-00203078" title="RQ-00203078">RQ-00203078</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruthenium_red" title="Ruthenium red">Ruthenium red</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rutamarin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rutamarin (page does not exist)">Rutamarin</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Ruta_graveolens" title="Ruta graveolens">Ruta graveolens</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolfenamic_acid" title="Tolfenamic acid">Tolfenamic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triphenylphosphine_oxide" title="Triphenylphosphine oxide">TPPO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TRPM4-IN-5" title="TRPM4-IN-5">TRPM4-IN-5</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><abbr title="Transient receptor potential mucolipin channel"><a href="/wiki/TRPML" title="TRPML">TRPML</a></abbr></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Activators</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=EVP21&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="EVP21 (page does not exist)">EVP21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MK6-83" title="MK6-83">MK6-83</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ML-SA1" title="ML-SA1">ML-SA1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ML2-SA1" title="ML2-SA1">ML2-SA1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phosphatidylinositol_3,5-bisphosphate" title="Phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate">PI(3,5)P<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SF-22&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SF-22 (page does not exist)">SF-22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SN-2" title="SN-2">SN-2</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Blockers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ML-SI3" title="ML-SI3">ML-SI3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phosphatidylinositol_4,5-bisphosphate" title="Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate">PI(4,5)P<sub>2</sub></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><abbr title="Transient receptor potential polycystin channel"><a href="/wiki/TRPP" title="TRPP">TRPP</a></abbr></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Activators</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Triptolide" title="Triptolide">Triptolide</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Tripterygium_wilfordii" title="Tripterygium wilfordii">Tripterygium wilfordii</a></i>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Blockers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ruthenium_red" title="Ruthenium red">Ruthenium red</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><abbr title="Transient receptor potential vanilloid channel"><a href="/wiki/TRPV" title="TRPV">TRPV</a></abbr></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Activators</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2-Aminoethoxydiphenyl_borate" title="2-Aminoethoxydiphenyl borate">2-APB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epoxyeicosatrienoic_acid" title="Epoxyeicosatrienoic acid">5,6-EET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9-Hydroxyoctadecadienoic_acid" title="9-Hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid">9-HODE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9-Hydroxyoctadecadienoic_acid" title="9-Hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid">9-oxoODE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/12-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic_acid" title="12-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid">12S-HETE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/12-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic_acid" title="12-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid">12S-HpETE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/13-Hydroxyoctadecadienoic_acid" title="13-Hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid">13-HODE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/13-Hydroxyoctadecadienoic_acid" title="13-Hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid">13-oxoODE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/20-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic_acid" title="20-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid">20-HETE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydroxy-%CE%B1-sanshool" title="Hydroxy-α-sanshool">α-Sanshool</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ginger" title="Ginger">ginger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sichuan_pepper" title="Sichuan pepper">Sichuan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Grains_of_paradise" title="Grains of paradise">melegueta peppers</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allicin" title="Allicin">Allicin</a> (<a href="/wiki/Garlic" title="Garlic">garlic</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/AM404" title="AM404">AM404</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anandamide" title="Anandamide">Anandamide</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bisandrographolide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bisandrographolide (page does not exist)">Bisandrographolide</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Andrographis_paniculata" title="Andrographis paniculata">Andrographis paniculata</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camphor" title="Camphor">Camphor</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cinnamomum_camphora" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinnamomum camphora">camphor laurel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rosemary" title="Rosemary">rosemary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Camphorweed" title="Camphorweed">camphorweed</a>, <a href="/wiki/African_blue_basil" title="African blue basil">African blue basil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ocimum_kilimandscharicum" title="Ocimum kilimandscharicum">camphor basil</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabidiol" title="Cannabidiol">Cannabidiol</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cannabis" title="Cannabis">cannabis</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabidivarin" title="Cannabidivarin">Cannabidivarin</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cannabis" title="Cannabis">cannabis</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capsaicin" title="Capsaicin">Capsaicin</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chili_pepper" title="Chili pepper">chili pepper</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carvacrol" title="Carvacrol">Carvacrol</a> (<a href="/wiki/Oregano" title="Oregano">oregano</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thyme" title="Thyme">thyme</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lepidium" title="Lepidium">pepperwort</a>, <a href="/wiki/Monarda_fistulosa" title="Monarda fistulosa">wild bergamot</a>, others)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehydroepiandrosterone" title="Dehydroepiandrosterone">DHEA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diglyceride" title="Diglyceride">Diacyl glycerol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dihydrocapsaicin" title="Dihydrocapsaicin">Dihydrocapsaicin</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chili_pepper" title="Chili pepper">chili pepper</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estradiol" title="Estradiol">Estradiol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugenol" title="Eugenol">Eugenol</a> (<a href="/wiki/Basil" title="Basil">basil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clove" title="Clove">clove</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evodiamine" title="Evodiamine">Evodiamine</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Tetradium_ruticarpum" title="Tetradium ruticarpum">Euodia ruticarpa</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gingerol" title="Gingerol">Gingerols</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ginger" title="Ginger">ginger</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/GSK1016790A" title="GSK1016790A">GSK1016790A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heat" title="Heat">Heat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hepoxilin_A3" class="mw-redirect" title="Hepoxilin A3">Hepoxilin A3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hepoxilin_B3" class="mw-redirect" title="Hepoxilin B3">Hepoxilin B3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homocapsaicin" title="Homocapsaicin">Homocapsaicin</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chili_pepper" title="Chili pepper">chili pepper</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homodihydrocapsaicin" title="Homodihydrocapsaicin">Homodihydrocapsaicin</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chili_pepper" title="Chili pepper">chili pepper</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incensole" title="Incensole">Incensole</a> (<a href="/wiki/Incense" title="Incense">incense</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lysophosphatidic_acid" title="Lysophosphatidic acid">Lysophosphatidic acid</a></li> <li>Low <a href="/wiki/PH" title="PH">pH</a> (acidic conditions)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menthol" title="Menthol">Menthol</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mentha" title="Mentha">mint</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/N-Arachidonoyl_dopamine" title="N-Arachidonoyl dopamine">N-Arachidonoyl dopamine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=N-Oleoyldopamine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="N-Oleoyldopamine (page does not exist)">N-Oleoyldopamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleoylethanolamide" title="Oleoylethanolamide">N-Oleoylethanolamide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonivamide" title="Nonivamide">Nonivamide (PAVA)</a> (<a href="/wiki/PAVA_spray" title="PAVA spray">PAVA spray</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordihydrocapsaicin" title="Nordihydrocapsaicin">Nordihydrocapsaicin</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chili_pepper" title="Chili pepper">chili pepper</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paclitaxel" title="Paclitaxel">Paclitaxel</a> (<a href="/wiki/Taxus_brevifolia" title="Taxus brevifolia">Pacific yew</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paracetamol" title="Paracetamol">Paracetamol (acetaminophen)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenylacetylrinvanil" title="Phenylacetylrinvanil">Phenylacetylrinvanil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phorbol_esters" title="Phorbol esters">Phorbol esters</a> (e.g., <a href="/w/index.php?title=4%CE%B1-phorbol_12,13-didecanoate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="4α-phorbol 12,13-didecanoate (page does not exist)">4α-PDD</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piperine" title="Piperine">Piperine</a> (<a href="/wiki/Black_pepper" title="Black pepper">black pepper</a>, <a href="/wiki/Long_pepper" title="Long pepper">long pepper</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polygodial" title="Polygodial">Polygodial</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tasmannia_stipitata" title="Tasmannia stipitata">Dorrigo pepper</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Probenecid" title="Probenecid">Probenecid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proton" title="Proton">Protons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RhTx" title="RhTx">RhTx</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rutamarin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rutamarin (page does not exist)">Rutamarin</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Ruta_graveolens" title="Ruta graveolens">Ruta graveolens</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resiniferatoxin" title="Resiniferatoxin">Resiniferatoxin</a> (RTX) (<i><a href="/wiki/Euphorbia_resinifera" title="Euphorbia resinifera">Euphorbia resinifera</a>/<a href="/wiki/Euphorbia_poissonii" title="Euphorbia poissonii">pooissonii</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shogaol" title="Shogaol">Shogaols</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ginger" title="Ginger">ginger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sichuan_pepper" title="Sichuan pepper">Sichuan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Grains_of_paradise" title="Grains of paradise">melegueta peppers</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetrahydrocannabivarin" title="Tetrahydrocannabivarin">Tetrahydrocannabivarin</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cannabis" title="Cannabis">cannabis</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thymol" title="Thymol">Thymol</a> (<a href="/wiki/Thyme" title="Thyme">thyme</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oregano" title="Oregano">oregano</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tinyatoxin" title="Tinyatoxin">Tinyatoxin</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Euphorbia_resinifera" title="Euphorbia resinifera">Euphorbia resinifera</a>/<a href="/wiki/Euphorbia_poissonii" title="Euphorbia poissonii">pooissonii</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tramadol" title="Tramadol">Tramadol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanillin" title="Vanillin">Vanillin</a> (<a href="/wiki/Vanilla" title="Vanilla">vanilla</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zucapsaicin" title="Zucapsaicin">Zucapsaicin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Blockers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spinasterol" title="Spinasterol">α-Spinasterol</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Vernonia" title="Vernonia">Vernonia tweediana</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/AMG-517" title="AMG-517">AMG-517</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AMG-9810" title="AMG-9810">AMG-9810</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asivatrep&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Asivatrep (page does not exist)">Asivatrep</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=BCTC_(drug)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BCTC (drug) (page does not exist)">BCTC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabigerol" title="Cannabigerol">Cannabigerol</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cannabis" title="Cannabis">cannabis</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabigerolic_acid" title="Cannabigerolic acid">Cannabigerolic acid</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cannabis" title="Cannabis">cannabis</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabigerovarin" title="Cannabigerovarin">Cannabigerovarin</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cannabis" title="Cannabis">cannabis</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabinol" title="Cannabinol">Cannabinol</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cannabis" title="Cannabis">cannabis</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capsazepine" title="Capsazepine">Capsazepine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=3%E2%80%B2-5-Dichlorodiphenylamine-2-carboxylic_acid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="3′-5-Dichlorodiphenylamine-2-carboxylic acid (page does not exist)">DCDPC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehydroepiandrosterone" title="Dehydroepiandrosterone">DHEA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehydroepiandrosterone_sulfate" title="Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate">DHEA-S</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flufenamic_acid" title="Flufenamic acid">Flufenamic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GRC-6211" title="GRC-6211">GRC-6211</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HC-067047" title="HC-067047">HC-067047</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanthanum" title="Lanthanum">Lanthanum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mavatrep" title="Mavatrep">Mavatrep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meclofenamic_acid" title="Meclofenamic acid">Meclofenamic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N-(p-Amylcinnamoyl)anthranilic_acid" title="N-(p-Amylcinnamoyl)anthranilic acid">N-(p-Amylcinnamoyl)anthranilic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=NGD-8243&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NGD-8243 (page does not exist)">NGD-8243</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niflumic_acid" title="Niflumic acid">Niflumic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pregnenolone_sulfate" title="Pregnenolone sulfate">Pregnenolone sulfate</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=RN-1734&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RN-1734 (page does not exist)">RN-1734</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RN-9893" title="RN-9893">RN-9893</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruthenium_red" title="Ruthenium red">Ruthenium red</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SB-366791" title="SB-366791">SB-366791</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SB-705498" title="SB-705498">SB-705498</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tivanisiran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tivanisiran (page does not exist)">Tivanisiran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolfenamic_acid" title="Tolfenamic acid">Tolfenamic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TRPV3-74a" title="TRPV3-74a">TRPV3-74a</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><i><b>See also:</b> <a href="/wiki/Template:Receptor_modulators" title="Template:Receptor modulators">Receptor/signaling modulators</a> • <a href="/wiki/Template:Ion_channel_modulators" title="Template:Ion channel modulators">Ion channel modulators</a></i></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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