CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Pennsylvania in the American Revolution - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"097333ef-9161-427a-bd7f-16f1a4d65802","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Pennsylvania_in_the_American_Revolution","wgTitle":"Pennsylvania in the American Revolution","wgCurRevisionId":1257939073,"wgRevisionId":1257939073,"wgArticleId":4397587,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Commons category link is on Wikidata","Pennsylvania in the American Revolution"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Pennsylvania_in_the_American_Revolution","wgRelevantArticleId":4397587,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[], "wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":40000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q7164285","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false, "wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups", "ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Washington_Crossing_the_Delaware_by_Emanuel_Leutze%2C_MMA-NYC%2C_1851.jpg/1200px-Washington_Crossing_the_Delaware_by_Emanuel_Leutze%2C_MMA-NYC%2C_1851.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="688"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Washington_Crossing_the_Delaware_by_Emanuel_Leutze%2C_MMA-NYC%2C_1851.jpg/800px-Washington_Crossing_the_Delaware_by_Emanuel_Leutze%2C_MMA-NYC%2C_1851.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="459"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Washington_Crossing_the_Delaware_by_Emanuel_Leutze%2C_MMA-NYC%2C_1851.jpg/640px-Washington_Crossing_the_Delaware_by_Emanuel_Leutze%2C_MMA-NYC%2C_1851.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="367"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Pennsylvania in the American Revolution - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_in_the_American_Revolution"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Pennsylvania_in_the_American_Revolution&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_in_the_American_Revolution"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Pennsylvania_in_the_American_Revolution rootpage-Pennsylvania_in_the_American_Revolution skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Pennsylvania+in+the+American+Revolution" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Pennsylvania+in+the+American+Revolution" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Pennsylvania+in+the+American+Revolution" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Pennsylvania+in+the+American+Revolution" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Military" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Military"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Military</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Military-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Government</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Key_events" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Key_events"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Key events</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Key_events-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Key_historical_sites,_museums,_and_institutions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Key_historical_sites,_museums,_and_institutions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Key historical sites, museums, and institutions</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Key_historical_sites,_museums,_and_institutions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Key historical sites, museums, and institutions subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Key_historical_sites,_museums,_and_institutions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Battlefields" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Battlefields"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Battlefields</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Battlefields-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Museums,_parks_and_other_historic_sites" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Museums,_parks_and_other_historic_sites"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Museums, parks and other historic sites</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Museums,_parks_and_other_historic_sites-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Libraries,_archives,_and_historical_societies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Libraries,_archives,_and_historical_societies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Libraries, archives, and historical societies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Libraries,_archives,_and_historical_societies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Other</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Significant_documents_originating_in_Pennsylvania_during_the_Revolution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Significant_documents_originating_in_Pennsylvania_during_the_Revolution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Significant documents originating in Pennsylvania during the Revolution</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Significant_documents_originating_in_Pennsylvania_during_the_Revolution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Key_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Key_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Key people</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Key_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy_and_influence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy_and_influence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Legacy and influence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legacy_and_influence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Preservation_and_memorialization" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Preservation_and_memorialization"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Preservation and memorialization</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Preservation_and_memorialization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Pennsylvania in the American Revolution</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="This article exist only in this language. Add the article for other languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-0" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Add languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="uls-after-portlet-link"></span><span class="wb-langlinks-add wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7164285#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Add interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Add links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_in_the_American_Revolution" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Pennsylvania_in_the_American_Revolution" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_in_the_American_Revolution"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pennsylvania_in_the_American_Revolution&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pennsylvania_in_the_American_Revolution&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_in_the_American_Revolution"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pennsylvania_in_the_American_Revolution&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pennsylvania_in_the_American_Revolution&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Pennsylvania_in_the_American_Revolution" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Pennsylvania_in_the_American_Revolution" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pennsylvania_in_the_American_Revolution&oldid=1257939073" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pennsylvania_in_the_American_Revolution&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Pennsylvania_in_the_American_Revolution&id=1257939073&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPennsylvania_in_the_American_Revolution"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPennsylvania_in_the_American_Revolution"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Pennsylvania_in_the_American_Revolution&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pennsylvania_in_the_American_Revolution&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Pennsylvania_in_the_American_Revolution" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7164285" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Washington_Crossing_the_Delaware_by_Emanuel_Leutze,_MMA-NYC,_1851.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Washington_Crossing_the_Delaware_by_Emanuel_Leutze%2C_MMA-NYC%2C_1851.jpg/220px-Washington_Crossing_the_Delaware_by_Emanuel_Leutze%2C_MMA-NYC%2C_1851.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Washington_Crossing_the_Delaware_by_Emanuel_Leutze%2C_MMA-NYC%2C_1851.jpg/330px-Washington_Crossing_the_Delaware_by_Emanuel_Leutze%2C_MMA-NYC%2C_1851.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Washington_Crossing_the_Delaware_by_Emanuel_Leutze%2C_MMA-NYC%2C_1851.jpg/440px-Washington_Crossing_the_Delaware_by_Emanuel_Leutze%2C_MMA-NYC%2C_1851.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4313" data-file-height="2473" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Washington_Crossing_the_Delaware_(1851_paintings)" title="Washington Crossing the Delaware (1851 paintings)">Washington Crossing the Delaware</a></i>, an 1851 portrait by <a href="/wiki/Emanuel_Leutze" title="Emanuel Leutze">Emanuel Leutze</a> of <a href="/wiki/George_Washington%27s_crossing_of_the_Delaware_River" title="George Washington's crossing of the Delaware River">George Washington's crossing of the Delaware River</a> from <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a> to <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a> in December 1776</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Benjamin_Franklin_-_Join_or_Die.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Benjamin_Franklin_-_Join_or_Die.jpg/220px-Benjamin_Franklin_-_Join_or_Die.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Benjamin_Franklin_-_Join_or_Die.jpg/330px-Benjamin_Franklin_-_Join_or_Die.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Benjamin_Franklin_-_Join_or_Die.jpg/440px-Benjamin_Franklin_-_Join_or_Die.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3740" data-file-height="2696" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Join,_or_Die" title="Join, or Die">Join, or Die</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin">Benjamin Franklin</a> and published in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Pennsylvania_Gazette" title="The Pennsylvania Gazette">The Pennsylvania Gazette</a></i> on May 9, 1754 was the first political cartoon in America<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a> was the site of many key events associated with the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolution" title="American Revolution">American Revolution</a> and <a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">American Revolutionary War</a>. The city of <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>, then capital of the <a href="/wiki/Thirteen_Colonies" title="Thirteen Colonies">Thirteen Colonies</a> and the largest city in the colonies, was a gathering place for the <a href="/wiki/Founding_Fathers_of_the_United_States" title="Founding Fathers of the United States">Founding Fathers</a> who discussed, debated, developed, and ultimately implemented many of the acts, including signing the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Declaration_of_Independence" title="United States Declaration of Independence">Declaration of Independence</a>, that inspired and launched the revolution and the quest for independence from the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a>. </p><p>Founding Father <a href="/wiki/Robert_Morris_(financier)" title="Robert Morris (financier)">Robert Morris</a> said, "You will consider Philadelphia, from its centrical situation, the extent of its commerce, the number of its artificers, manufactures and other circumstances, to be to the United States what the heart is to the human body in circulating the blood."<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The American Revolution included both the political and social development of the Thirteen Colonies of <a href="/wiki/British_America" title="British America">British America</a>, and the Revolutionary War. <a href="/wiki/John_Adams" title="John Adams">John Adams</a> wrote to <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Thomas Jefferson</a> in 1815: "What do we mean by the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolution" title="American Revolution">revolution</a>? The <a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">war</a>? That was no part of the revolution. It was only an effect and consequence of it. The revolution was in the minds of the people, and this was effected, from 1760 to 1775, in the course of fifteen years before a drop of blood was drawn at <a href="/wiki/Battles_of_Lexington_and_Concord" title="Battles of Lexington and Concord">Lexington</a>. The records of thirteen legislatures, the pamphlets, newspapers in all the colonies ought be consulted, during that period, to ascertain the steps by which the public opinion was enlightened and informed concerning the authority of parliament over the colonies."<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Military">Military</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pennsylvania_in_the_American_Revolution&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Military"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Troop_Philadelphia_City_Cavalry" title="First Troop Philadelphia City Cavalry">First Troop Philadelphia City Cavalry</a> - The oldest continuously serving unit in the United States military</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Line" title="Pennsylvania Line">Pennsylvania Line</a> of the Continental Army</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_militia_units_in_the_American_Revolutionary_War#Pennsylvania" title="List of United States militia units in the American Revolutionary War">Pennsylvania Militia Units</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Navy" title="Pennsylvania Navy">Pennsylvania Navy</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government">Government</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pennsylvania_in_the_American_Revolution&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Constitution_of_1776" title="Pennsylvania Constitution of 1776">Pennsylvania Constitution of 1776</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Provincial_Conference" title="Pennsylvania Provincial Conference">Pennsylvania Provincial Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Executive_Council_of_the_Commonwealth_of_Pennsylvania" title="Supreme Executive Council of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania">Supreme Executive Council of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Key_events">Key events</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pennsylvania_in_the_American_Revolution&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Key events"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Covert_letter_August_10,_1777_Henry_Clinton_to_John_Burgoyne.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Covert_letter_August_10%2C_1777_Henry_Clinton_to_John_Burgoyne.jpg/220px-Covert_letter_August_10%2C_1777_Henry_Clinton_to_John_Burgoyne.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="342" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8b/Covert_letter_August_10%2C_1777_Henry_Clinton_to_John_Burgoyne.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="466" /></a><figcaption>A covert August 10, 1777 letter from <a href="/wiki/Henry_Clinton_(British_Army_officer,_born_1730)" title="Henry Clinton (British Army officer, born 1730)">Henry Clinton</a> to <a href="/wiki/John_Burgoyne" title="John Burgoyne">John Burgoyne</a> concerning the beginning of the <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_campaign" title="Philadelphia campaign">Philadelphia campaign</a>. Clinton used the covert mask method to disguise the letter's intended contents.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Battle_of_Paoli.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Battle_of_Paoli.jpg/220px-Battle_of_Paoli.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Battle_of_Paoli.jpg/330px-Battle_of_Paoli.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Battle_of_Paoli.jpg/440px-Battle_of_Paoli.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="413" /></a><figcaption><i>A Dreadful Scene of Havoc</i>, a 1782 painting by Xavier della Gatta depicting the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Paoli" title="Battle of Paoli">Paoli Massacre</a> commissioned for a <a href="/wiki/British_Army" title="British Army">British Army</a> officer who participated in the attack, is now in the collection of the <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_the_American_Revolution" title="Museum of the American Revolution">Museum of the American Revolution</a> in <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_March_to_Valley_Forge_William_Trego.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/The_March_to_Valley_Forge_William_Trego.png/220px-The_March_to_Valley_Forge_William_Trego.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/The_March_to_Valley_Forge_William_Trego.png/330px-The_March_to_Valley_Forge_William_Trego.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/The_March_to_Valley_Forge_William_Trego.png/440px-The_March_to_Valley_Forge_William_Trego.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="616" /></a><figcaption><i>The March to Valley Forge</i>, an 1883 painting by <a href="/wiki/William_B._T._Trego" title="William B. T. Trego">William B. T. Trego</a> now part of the <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_the_American_Revolution" title="Museum of the American Revolution">Museum of the American Revolution</a> collection in Philadelphia</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Tea_Party" title="Philadelphia Tea Party">Philadelphia Tea Party</a> (October 16, 1773)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Continental_Congress" title="First Continental Congress">First Continental Congress</a> (September 5 to October 26, 1774)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Association" title="Continental Association">Continental Association</a> created (October 20, 1774)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petition_to_the_King" title="Petition to the King">Petition to the King</a> ratified (October 25, 1774)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Continental_Congress" title="Second Continental Congress">Second Continental Congress</a> (convened on May 10, 1775)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanna%27s_town_resolves" title="Hanna's town resolves">Hanna's town resolves</a> (May 16, 1775)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olive_Branch_Petition" title="Olive Branch Petition">Olive Branch Petition</a> (July 1775)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_the_Causes_and_Necessity_of_Taking_Up_Arms" title="Declaration of the Causes and Necessity of Taking Up Arms">Declaration of the Causes and Necessity of Taking Up Arms</a> (July 1775)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Marines" title="Continental Marines">Continental Marines</a> formed by act of Congress (November 10, 1775) with the following decree:<sup id="cite_ref-birth_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-birth-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>That two battalions of Marines be raised consisting of one Colonel, two lieutenant-colonels, two majors and other officers, as usual in other regiments; that they consist of an equal number of privates as with other battalions, that particular care be taken that no persons be appointed to offices, or enlisted into said battalions, but such as are good seamen, or so acquainted with maritime affairs as to be able to serve for and during the present war with Great Britain and the Colonies; unless dismissed by Congress; that they be distinguished by the names of the First and Second Battalions of Marines.</p></blockquote> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Provincial_Conference" title="Pennsylvania Provincial Conference">Pennsylvania Provincial Conference</a> (June 18–25, 1776)</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Lee_Resolution" title="Lee Resolution">Lee Resolution</a> (also known as "The Resolution for Independence") (July 2, 1776)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Declaration_of_Independence" title="United States Declaration of Independence">Declaration of Independence</a> (1776)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington%27s_crossing_of_the_Delaware_River" title="George Washington's crossing of the Delaware River">George Washington's crossing of the Delaware River</a> (December 25, 1776) to attack the Crown Forces' <a href="/wiki/Hessian_(soldier)" title="Hessian (soldier)">German auxiliaries</a> at <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Trenton" title="Battle of Trenton">Trenton</a>. The decisive American victory was a significant morale boost to the demoralized, shrinking American army that was teetering on collapse due to impending enlistment expirations. The American victory at Trenton, together with American victories at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Assunpink_Creek" title="Battle of the Assunpink Creek">Battle of the Assunpink Creek</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Princeton" title="Battle of Princeton">Battle of Princeton</a> helped inspire the <a href="/wiki/Patriot_(American_Revolution)" title="Patriot (American Revolution)">Patriots</a> and keep the Continental Army intact.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Congress" title="Continental Congress">Continental Congress</a> adopts the 13-star US flag: "<i>Resolved,</i> That the flag of the thirteen United States be thirteen stripes, alternate red and white; that the union be thirteen stars, white in a blue field, representing a new constellation."<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (June 14, 1777)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_campaign" title="Philadelphia campaign">Philadelphia campaign</a> (1777–1778)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conway_Cabal" title="Conway Cabal">Conway Cabal</a> (1777–1778)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Brandywine" title="Battle of Brandywine">Battle of Brandywine</a> (September 11, 1777) - the largest battle of the American Revolution by number of troops engaged, and the longest single-day battle of the war, with continuous fighting for 11 hours <ul><li>During the battle, famed British army marksman <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Ferguson" title="Patrick Ferguson">Patrick Ferguson</a>, leading the Experimental Rifle Corps equipped with fast breech-loading <a href="/wiki/Ferguson_rifle" title="Ferguson rifle">Ferguson rifles</a>, had the chance to shoot a prominent American officer, accompanied by another in distinctive <a href="/wiki/Hussar" title="Hussar">hussar</a> dress, but decided not to do so, as the man had his back to him (Ferguson) and was unaware of his presence. A surgeon told Ferguson in the hospital that some American casualties had said that General <a href="/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">Washington</a> had been in the area at the time. Ferguson wrote that, even if the officer were the general, he did not regret his decision.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The officer's identity remains uncertain; historians suggest that the aide in hussar dress might indicate the senior officer was Count <a href="/wiki/Casimir_Pulaski" title="Casimir Pulaski">Casimir Pulaski</a>.</li> <li>Brandywine was the first battlefield command of <a href="/wiki/Gilbert_du_Motier,_Marquis_de_Lafayette" title="Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette">Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette</a>. The American retreat was well-organized, largely due to his efforts. Although wounded, he created a rally point that allowed for a more orderly retreat before being treated for his wound.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lafayette returned to visit Brandywine during his Grand tour of the United States in 1824–25, after which he was returned to France aboard the <i><a href="/wiki/USS_Brandywine" title="USS Brandywine">USS Brandywine</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-L164_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-L164-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In addition to Lafayette, Polish Count <a href="/wiki/Casimir_Pulaski" title="Casimir Pulaski">Casimir Pulaski</a> was another foreign officer present at Brandywine — his first military engagement against the British.<sup id="cite_ref-psb392_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-psb392-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When the <a href="/wiki/Continental_Army" title="Continental Army">Continental Army</a> troops began to yield, he reconnoitered with Washington's bodyguard of about 30 men, and reported that the enemy were endeavoring to cut off the line of retreat.<sup id="cite_ref-Storozynski2010-55-56_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Storozynski2010-55-56-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Washington ordered him to collect, as many as possible, the scattered troops who came his way, and employ them according to his discretion to secure the retreat of the army.<sup id="cite_ref-appletons133_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-appletons133-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His subsequent charge averted a disastrous defeat of the Continental Army cavalry,<sup id="cite_ref-Storozynski2010-55-56_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Storozynski2010-55-56-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-psb392_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-psb392-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kazimierz_Pulaski_Citizenship_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kazimierz_Pulaski_Citizenship-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> earning him fame in America<sup id="cite_ref-Storozynski2010-57_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Storozynski2010-57-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and saved the life of George Washington.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result, on September 15, 1777, on the orders of Congress, Washington made Pulaski a <a href="/wiki/Brigadier_general_(United_States)" title="Brigadier general (United States)">brigadier general</a> in the Continental Army cavalry.<sup id="cite_ref-cong_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cong-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At that point, the cavalry was only a few hundred men strong organized into four regiments. These men were scattered among numerous infantry formations, and used primarily for scouting duties. Pulaski immediately began work on reforming the cavalry, and wrote the first regulations for the formation.<sup id="cite_ref-psb392_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-psb392-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Clouds" title="Battle of the Clouds">Battle of the Clouds</a> (September 16, 1777) - an aborted engagement in the area surrounding present day Malvern, Pennsylvania. After the American defeat at the Battle of Brandywine, the British Army remained encamped near Chadds Ford. When British commander William Howe was informed that the weakened American force was less than ten miles (16 km) away, he decided to press for another decisive victory. George Washington learned of Howe's plans, and prepared for battle. Before the two armies could fully engage, a torrential downpour ensued. Significantly outnumbered, and with tens of thousands of cartridges ruined by the rain, Washington opted to retreat. Bogged down by rain and mud, the British allowed Washington and his army to withdraw. The storm, which historian Thomas McGuire describes as "a classic <a href="/wiki/Nor%27easter" title="Nor'easter">nor'easter</a>," raged well into the next day.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Paoli" title="Battle of Paoli">Battle of Paoli</a> (Also known as the Paoli Massacre) (September 20, 1777)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Fort_Mifflin" title="Siege of Fort Mifflin">Siege of Fort Mifflin</a> (September 26 to November 16, 1777) <ul><li>Explosion and destruction of <a href="/wiki/HMS_Augusta_(1763)" title="HMS Augusta (1763)">HMS Augusta</a> - an explosion that smashed windows in Philadelphia and was heard 30 miles (48 km) away (October 22, 1777)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Germantown" title="Battle of Germantown">Battle of Germantown</a> (October 4, 1777)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Articles_of_Confederation" title="Articles of Confederation">Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union</a> created (November 15, 1777)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_White_Marsh" title="Battle of White Marsh">Battle of White Marsh</a> (December 5–8, 1777)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Matson%27s_Ford" title="Battle of Matson's Ford">Battle of Matson's Ford</a> (December 11, 1777)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valley_Forge" title="Valley Forge"> Valley Forge winter encampment</a> of the Continental Army (December 1777 to June 1778)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Crooked_Billet" title="Battle of Crooked Billet">Battle of Crooked Billet</a> (May 1, 1778)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mischianza" title="Mischianza">The Meschianza</a> (May 18, 1778) - an elaborate fête given in honor of British General Sir William Howe in Philadelphia on May 18, 1778</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Barren_Hill" title="Battle of Barren Hill">Battle of Barren Hill</a> (May 20, 1778)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlisle_Peace_Commission" title="Carlisle Peace Commission">Carlisle Peace Commission</a> (1778)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_Runaway" title="Big Runaway">The Big Runaway</a> (June and July 1778)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Wyoming" title="Battle of Wyoming">Wyoming Valley battle and massacre</a> (July 3, 1778)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Fort_Pitt" title="Treaty of Fort Pitt">Treaty of Fort Pitt</a> (September 17, 1778) - the first written treaty between the new United States of America and any American Indians—the Lenape (Delaware Indians) in this case</li> <li><a href="/wiki/An_Act_for_the_Gradual_Abolition_of_Slavery" title="An Act for the Gradual Abolition of Slavery">An Act for the Gradual Abolition of Slavery</a> (March 1, 1780) passed by the Pennsylvania legislature - one of the first attempts by a government in the Western Hemisphere to begin an abolition of slavery</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugarloaf_Massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="Sugarloaf Massacre">Sugarloaf Massacre</a> (September 11, 1780)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Line_Mutiny" title="Pennsylvania Line Mutiny">Pennsylvania Line Mutiny</a> (January 1, 1781)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convention_Army" title="Convention Army">Convention Army</a> moved to Pennsylvania in 1781 (1781 to 1783) - an army of British and allied troops captured after the Battles of Saratoga. They were held prisoner at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.campsecurity.org/">Camp Security</a> in York County, PA. Located in present-day Springettsbury Township.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Mutiny_of_1783" title="Pennsylvania Mutiny of 1783">Pennsylvania Mutiny of 1783</a> (June 20, 1783)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Key_historical_sites,_museums,_and_institutions"><span id="Key_historical_sites.2C_museums.2C_and_institutions"></span>Key historical sites, museums, and institutions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pennsylvania_in_the_American_Revolution&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Key historical sites, museums, and institutions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Washington%27s_Headquarters_Valley_Forge.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Washington%27s_Headquarters_Valley_Forge.jpg/220px-Washington%27s_Headquarters_Valley_Forge.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Washington%27s_Headquarters_Valley_Forge.jpg/330px-Washington%27s_Headquarters_Valley_Forge.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Washington%27s_Headquarters_Valley_Forge.jpg/440px-Washington%27s_Headquarters_Valley_Forge.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2932" data-file-height="1684" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Washington%27s_Headquarters_(Valley_Forge)" title="Washington's Headquarters (Valley Forge)">Washington's Headquarters at Valley Forge</a> in <a href="/wiki/Upper_Merion_Township,_Pennsylvania" title="Upper Merion Township, Pennsylvania">Upper Merion Township</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Museum_of_the_American_Revolution_-_Joy_of_Museums_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Museum_of_the_American_Revolution_-_Joy_of_Museums_3.jpg/220px-Museum_of_the_American_Revolution_-_Joy_of_Museums_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Museum_of_the_American_Revolution_-_Joy_of_Museums_3.jpg/330px-Museum_of_the_American_Revolution_-_Joy_of_Museums_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Museum_of_the_American_Revolution_-_Joy_of_Museums_3.jpg/440px-Museum_of_the_American_Revolution_-_Joy_of_Museums_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2736" data-file-height="1824" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_the_American_Revolution" title="Museum of the American Revolution">Museum of the American Revolution</a> in <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Liberty_Bell,_Independence_Hall.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Liberty_Bell%2C_Independence_Hall.jpg/220px-Liberty_Bell%2C_Independence_Hall.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Liberty_Bell%2C_Independence_Hall.jpg/330px-Liberty_Bell%2C_Independence_Hall.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Liberty_Bell%2C_Independence_Hall.jpg/440px-Liberty_Bell%2C_Independence_Hall.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Liberty_Bell" title="Liberty Bell">The Liberty Bell</a> and <a href="/wiki/Independence_Hall" title="Independence Hall">Independence Hall</a> in <a href="/wiki/Independence_National_Historical_Park" title="Independence National Historical Park">Independence National Historical Park</a> in Philadelphia</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Battlefields">Battlefields</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pennsylvania_in_the_American_Revolution&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Battlefields"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Brandywine" title="Battle of Brandywine">Battle of Brandywine</a></b>, parts of the vast battlefield, largely on private property, are preserved as municipal parks, trail easements, and preservation easements: <ul><li>Birmingham Hill (<a href="/wiki/Chadds_Ford_Township,_Delaware_County,_Pennsylvania" class="mw-redirect" title="Chadds Ford Township, Delaware County, Pennsylvania">Chadds Township</a>), established in 2010, the footpath at Birmingham Hill allows public access to a portion of the <a href="/wiki/Brandywine_Battlefield" title="Brandywine Battlefield">Brandywine Battlefield</a>. The Footpath follows a 1.1 mile trail.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham_Friends_Meetinghouse" title="Birmingham Friends Meetinghouse">Birmingham Friends Meetinghouse</a>, across the street from the Birmingham Hill trail. During the Battle of Brandywine, British forces attempted to flank the <a href="/wiki/Continental_Army" title="Continental Army">Continental Army</a> under <a href="/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">General George Washington</a>. The Continental forces rushed north to meet the British in the area of the meetinghouse. It was used as a hospital first for the Americans, and after the battle for British officers. The stone wall around the cemetery was used as a defensive position by the Americans. After the battle, dead British and American soldiers shared a common grave in the cemetery, which is now marked by a memorial stone.</li> <li>Sandy Hollow Heritage Park (Birmingham Township), 42 acres of preserved open space, much as it was in 1777, allows public access for passive recreation to a portion of the Brandywine Battlefield National Historic Landmark. Established in 2002, the park has a 1.1 mile asphalt path for pedestrians.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Chads_House" title="John Chads House">John Chads House</a>, historic house on the battlefield - near the beginning of the battle. Artillery fire was exchanged by both sides around the house.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dilworthtown_Historic_District" title="Dilworthtown Historic District">Dilworthtown</a>, site of the end of the battle</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Brinton_1704_House" title="William Brinton 1704 House">William Brinton 1704 House</a>, fighting and troop movements at the end of battle occurred around this house</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brandywine_Battlefield" title="Brandywine Battlefield">Brandywine Battlefield Historic Site</a> (Delaware and Chester Counties), historic park and museum that includes headquarters locations of Generals Washington and Lafayette from the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Brandywine" title="Battle of Brandywine">Battle of Brandywine</a> (September 11, 1777)</li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Germantown" title="Battle of Germantown">Battle of Germantown</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cliveden_(Benjamin_Chew_House)" title="Cliveden (Benjamin Chew House)">Cliveden (Benjamin Chew House)</a> (Philadelphia, PA), site of part of the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Germantown" title="Battle of Germantown">Battle of Germantown</a> (1777)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wyck_House" title="Wyck House">Wyck House</a>, served as a hospital during the battle</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Wentz_Homestead" title="Peter Wentz Homestead">Peter Wentz Homestead</a>, historic site that served as headquarters for <a href="/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">General George Washington</a> before and after the Battle of Germantown, October 2–4 and 16–21, 1777</li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Fort_Mifflin" title="Siege of Fort Mifflin">Siege of Fort Mifflin</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Mifflin" title="Fort Mifflin">Fort Mifflin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a> site of the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Fort_Mifflin" title="Siege of Fort Mifflin">Siege of Fort Mifflin</a>, which delayed the entry of the British Navy into the Port of Philadelphia, allowing the successful repositioning of the Continental Army for the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_White_Marsh" title="Battle of White Marsh">Battle of White Marsh</a> and subsequent withdrawal to <a href="/wiki/Valley_Forge" title="Valley Forge">Valley Forge</a>. Modified over time for changing needs of the Army, some of the original Revolutionary War walls are preserved in the fort's expanded walls. Marks from artillery that sieged the fort are visible.</li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Paoli" title="Battle of Paoli">Battle of Paoli</a></b> (Paoli Massacre) <ul><li>Paoli Battlefield Historical Park in <a href="/wiki/Malvern,_Pennsylvania" title="Malvern, Pennsylvania">Malvern</a>, site of the Paoli Massacre</li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_White_Marsh" title="Battle of White Marsh">Battle of White Marsh</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Washington_State_Park" title="Fort Washington State Park">Fort Washington State Park</a>, preserves part of the site of the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_White_Marsh" title="Battle of White Marsh">Battle of White Marsh</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Wyoming" title="Battle of Wyoming">Battle of Wyoming</a></b> (also known as the Wyoming Valley Massacre) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wyoming_Commemorative_Association" title="Wyoming Commemorative Association">Wyoming Monument</a>, monument located at the battle site</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Museums,_parks_and_other_historic_sites"><span id="Museums.2C_parks_and_other_historic_sites"></span>Museums, parks and other historic sites</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pennsylvania_in_the_American_Revolution&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Museums, parks and other historic sites"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Camp Security Park (Springettsbury Township, York County, PA), site of the 1781 to 1783 Prisoner of War camp for prisoners from the <a href="/wiki/Convention_Army" title="Convention Army">Convention Army</a> taken at the <a href="/wiki/Battles_of_Saratoga" title="Battles of Saratoga">Battles of Saratoga</a> - Crown forces (largely <a href="/wiki/Hessian_(soldier)" title="Hessian (soldier)">German auxiliaries - commonly called "Hessians"</a>).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carpenters%27_Hall" title="Carpenters' Hall">Carpenters' Hall</a> (Philadelphia, PA), meeting site of <a href="/wiki/First_Continental_Congress" title="First Continental Congress">First Continental Congress</a> (1774).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Pitt_Museum" title="Fort Pitt Museum">Fort Pitt Museum</a> (Pittsburgh, PA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Taylor_House_(Catasauqua,_Pennsylvania)" title="George Taylor House (Catasauqua, Pennsylvania)">George Taylor House</a> (Catasauqua, PA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Plough_Tavern" title="Golden Plough Tavern">Gen. Horatio Gates House and Golden Plough Tavern</a> (York, PA), historic site and interpretive center centered around the Continental Congress's temporary relocation from Philadelphia to York, where the <a href="/wiki/Articles_of_Confederation" title="Articles of Confederation">Articles of Confederation</a> were drafted and adopted.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graeme_Park" title="Graeme Park">Graeme Park</a> (Horsham, Montgomery County, PA), including the Keith House, the only surviving residence of a colonial-era Pennsylvania governor and later a headquarters of George Washington</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hope_Lodge_(Whitemarsh_Township,_Pennsylvania)" title="Hope Lodge (Whitemarsh Township, Pennsylvania)">Hope Lodge</a> (Whitemarsh Township, Montgomery County, PA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independence_National_Historical_Park" title="Independence National Historical Park">Independence National Historical Park</a>, including: <a href="/wiki/Independence_Hall" title="Independence Hall">Independence Hall</a>, <a href="/wiki/City_Tavern" title="City Tavern">City Tavern</a>, <a href="/wiki/Franklin_Court" title="Franklin Court">Franklin Court and Benjamin Franklin Museum</a>, <a href="/wiki/First_Bank_of_the_United_States" title="First Bank of the United States">First Bank of the United States</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liberty_Bell" title="Liberty Bell">Liberty Bell</a>, and others) (Philadelphia, PA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moland_House" title="Moland House">Moland House Historic Park</a> (aka Washington's Headquarters Farm) (Warwick Township, Bucks County, PA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_the_American_Revolution" title="Museum of the American Revolution">Museum of the American Revolution</a> (Philadelphia, PA), museum presenting the history of the American Revolution through interpretive programs, permanent exhibits, and temporary exhibits.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Summerseat_(Morrisville,_Pennsylvania)" title="Summerseat (Morrisville, Pennsylvania)">Summerseat</a> (Morrisville, Bucks County, PA), also known as the George Clymer House and Thomas Barclay House, is a historic house museum. Built about 1770, it is the only house known to have been owned by two signers of the United States Declaration of Independence, George Clymer and Robert Morris, and as a headquarters of General George Washington during the Revolutionary War.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thaddeus_Kosciuszko_National_Memorial" title="Thaddeus Kosciuszko National Memorial">Thaddeus Kosciuszko National Memorial</a> (Philadelphia, PA), historic site commemorating and interpreting the contributions of <a href="/wiki/Tadeusz_Ko%C5%9Bciuszko" title="Tadeusz Kościuszko">Tadeusz Kościuszko</a> - Continental Army general and engineer.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valley_Forge_National_Historical_Park" title="Valley Forge National Historical Park">Valley Forge National Historical Park</a> (Montgomery and Chester Counties, PA), National Park Service unit preserving the site and interpreting the history of the <a href="/wiki/Valley_Forge" title="Valley Forge">Valley Forge Encampment</a> of the Continental Army, 1777–1778, including <a href="/wiki/Washington%27s_Headquarters_(Valley_Forge)" title="Washington's Headquarters (Valley Forge)">Washington's Headquarters</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Crossing_Historic_Park" title="Washington Crossing Historic Park">Washington Crossing Historic Park</a> (Washington Crossing, Bucks County, PA), historic site and museum interpreting the crossing of the Delaware River by the Continental Army, December 25–26, 1776, for its <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Trenton" title="Battle of Trenton">surprise attack on Trenton</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Roberdeau" title="Fort Roberdeau">Fort Roberdeau</a> (Altoona, Blair County, PA), historic site consisting of an American Revolution era fort and lead mine.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Libraries,_archives,_and_historical_societies"><span id="Libraries.2C_archives.2C_and_historical_societies"></span>Libraries, archives, and historical societies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pennsylvania_in_the_American_Revolution&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Libraries, archives, and historical societies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Philosophical_Society" title="American Philosophical Society">American Philosophical Society</a>, the David Library of the American Revolution transferred its extensive collection to the society, establishing the David Center for the American Revolution at the American Philosophical Society in 2020. The David Library's location in Washington Crossing, PA closed December 31, 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_Society_of_Pennsylvania" title="Historical Society of Pennsylvania">Historical Society of Pennsylvania</a> (Philadelphia, PA), extensive historical archives and book holdings related to Pennsylvania history. Located on the same block as the Library Company of Philadelphia.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Library_Company_of_Philadelphia" title="Library Company of Philadelphia">Library Company of Philadelphia</a>, library founded by Benjamin Franklin with extensive historical archives and book holdings, as well as exhibits. Located on the same block as the Historical Society of Pennsylvania.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other">Other</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pennsylvania_in_the_American_Revolution&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Other"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_the_Unknown_Revolutionary_War_Soldier" title="Tomb of the Unknown Revolutionary War Soldier">Tomb of the Unknown Revolutionary War Soldier</a> (Philadelphia, PA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington%E2%80%93Rochambeau_Revolutionary_Route" title="Washington–Rochambeau Revolutionary Route">Washington–Rochambeau Revolutionary Route</a> (Bucks, Philadelphia, and Delaware counties, PA), National Historic Trail established in 2009 that passes through Pennsylvania, interpreting and marking the route of forces under generals <a href="/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">George Washington</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Donatien_de_Vimeur,_comte_de_Rochambeau" title="Jean-Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur, comte de Rochambeau">Jean-Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur, comte de Rochambeau</a> during their 1781 march from <a href="/wiki/Newport,_Rhode_Island" title="Newport, Rhode Island">Newport, Rhode Island</a> to the site of the decisive <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Yorktown" title="Siege of Yorktown">Siege of Yorktown</a>, Virginia.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Significant_documents_originating_in_Pennsylvania_during_the_Revolution">Significant documents originating in Pennsylvania during the Revolution</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pennsylvania_in_the_American_Revolution&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Significant documents originating in Pennsylvania during the Revolution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:United_States_Declaration_of_Independence.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/United_States_Declaration_of_Independence.jpg/220px-United_States_Declaration_of_Independence.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="261" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/United_States_Declaration_of_Independence.jpg/330px-United_States_Declaration_of_Independence.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/United_States_Declaration_of_Independence.jpg/440px-United_States_Declaration_of_Independence.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3923" data-file-height="4656" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/United_States_Declaration_of_Independence" title="United States Declaration of Independence">The Declaration of Independence</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Letters_from_a_Farmer_in_Pennsylvania" title="Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania">Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania</a></i> - a series of essays written by the Pennsylvania lawyer and legislator John Dickinson, leading up to the start of the Revolutionary War (1767 - 1768)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Declaration_and_Resolves_of_the_First_Continental_Congress" title="Declaration and Resolves of the First Continental Congress">Declaration and Resolves of the First Continental Congress</a> (1774)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petition_to_the_King" title="Petition to the King">Petition to the King</a> - a petition sent to King George III by the First Continental Congress, calling for repeal of the Intolerable Acts (1774)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Letters_to_the_inhabitants_of_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Letters to the inhabitants of Canada">Letters to the inhabitants of Canada</a> (1774, 1775 and 1776)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olive_Branch_Petition" title="Olive Branch Petition">Olive Branch Petition</a> - adopted by the Second Continental Congress on July 5, 1775, and signed on July 8, in a final attempt to avoid a full-scale war between Great Britain and the Thirteen Colonies in America (1775)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_the_Causes_and_Necessity_of_Taking_Up_Arms" title="Declaration of the Causes and Necessity of Taking Up Arms">Declaration of the Causes and Necessity of Taking Up Arms</a> (1775)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Common_Sense_(pamphlet)" class="mw-redirect" title="Common Sense (pamphlet)">Common Sense</a></i> - pamphlet by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Paine" title="Thomas Paine">Thomas Paine</a> (1775-1776)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Declaration_of_Independence" title="United States Declaration of Independence">Declaration of Independence</a> (1776)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Constitution_of_1776" title="Pennsylvania Constitution of 1776">Pennsylvania Constitution of 1776</a> (1776)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_American_Crisis" title="The American Crisis">The American Crisis</a></i> - pamphlet series by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Paine" title="Thomas Paine">Thomas Paine</a> (1776-1777)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Articles_of_Confederation" title="Articles of Confederation">Articles of Confederation</a> - adopted by the Continental Congress at their temporary meeting location of York, PA while Philadelphia was under occupation by Crown forces (1777)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Fort_Pitt" title="Treaty of Fort Pitt">Treaty of Fort Pitt</a> (1778)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/An_Act_for_the_Gradual_Abolition_of_Slavery" title="An Act for the Gradual Abolition of Slavery">An Act for the Gradual Abolition of Slavery</a> (1780)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Captivity_of_Benjamin_Gilbert" title="The Captivity of Benjamin Gilbert">The Captivity of Benjamin Gilbert and His Family, 1780-83</a></i> - a captivity narrative by William Walton relating the experiences of a Quaker family of settlers near Mauch Chunk in present-day Carbon County, Pennsylvania. (1784)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Archives" title="Pennsylvania Archives">Pennsylvania Archives</a> (A series of books published between 1838 and 1935 by acts of the Pennsylvania legislature - creating an official archive covering the early history of Pennsylvania, including many documents from the American Revolution - unrelated to the state agency, the <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Archives" title="Pennsylvania State Archives">Pennsylvania State Archives</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Key_people">Key people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pennsylvania_in_the_American_Revolution&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Key people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable selfref">See also the categories <a href="/wiki/Category:People_of_Pennsylvania_in_the_American_Revolution" title="Category:People of Pennsylvania in the American Revolution">People of Pennsylvania in the American Revolution</a>, <a href="/wiki/Category:Continental_Army_officers_from_Pennsylvania" title="Category:Continental Army officers from Pennsylvania">Continental Army officers from Pennsylvania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Category:Continental_Congressmen_from_Pennsylvania" title="Category:Continental Congressmen from Pennsylvania">Continental Congressmen from Pennsylvania</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Category:Pennsylvania_militiamen_in_the_American_Revolution" title="Category:Pennsylvania militiamen in the American Revolution">Pennsylvania militiamen in the American Revolution</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Benjamin_Franklin_by_Joseph_Duplessis_1778.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Benjamin_Franklin_by_Joseph_Duplessis_1778.jpg/220px-Benjamin_Franklin_by_Joseph_Duplessis_1778.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="269" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Benjamin_Franklin_by_Joseph_Duplessis_1778.jpg/330px-Benjamin_Franklin_by_Joseph_Duplessis_1778.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Benjamin_Franklin_by_Joseph_Duplessis_1778.jpg/440px-Benjamin_Franklin_by_Joseph_Duplessis_1778.jpg 2x" data-file-width="613" data-file-height="750" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin">Benjamin Franklin</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Peter_Muhlenberg2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Peter_Muhlenberg2.jpg/220px-Peter_Muhlenberg2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="288" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Peter_Muhlenberg2.jpg/330px-Peter_Muhlenberg2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4f/Peter_Muhlenberg2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="382" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Peter_Muhlenberg" title="Peter Muhlenberg">Peter Muhlenberg</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gen._Anthony_Wayne.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Gen._Anthony_Wayne.jpeg/220px-Gen._Anthony_Wayne.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="302" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Gen._Anthony_Wayne.jpeg/330px-Gen._Anthony_Wayne.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Gen._Anthony_Wayne.jpeg/440px-Gen._Anthony_Wayne.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="3600" data-file-height="4944" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Wayne" title="Anthony Wayne">Gen. Anthony Wayne</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ann_Bates" title="Ann Bates">Ann Bates</a> - loyalist spy</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Bradford_(Attorney_General)" title="William Bradford (Attorney General)">William Bradford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Cadwalader" title="Thomas Cadwalader">Dr. Thomas Cadwalader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Chew" title="Benjamin Chew">Benjamin Chew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Clymer" title="George Clymer">George Clymer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Dickinson" title="John Dickinson">John Dickinson</a> - Solicitor and politician, known as the "Penman of the Revolution" for his twelve <i><a href="/wiki/Letters_from_a_Farmer_in_Pennsylvania" title="Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania">Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania</a></i>, published individually in 1767 and 1768. Member of the <a href="/wiki/First_Continental_Congress" title="First Continental Congress">First Continental Congress</a>, signee to the <a href="/wiki/Continental_Association" title="Continental Association">Continental Association</a>, drafted most of the 1774 <a href="/wiki/Petition_to_the_King" title="Petition to the King">Petition to the King</a>, member of the <a href="/wiki/Second_Continental_Congress" title="Second Continental Congress">Second Continental Congress</a>, wrote the 1775 <a href="/wiki/Olive_Branch_Petition" title="Olive Branch Petition">Olive Branch Petition</a>. When these two attempts to negotiate with <a href="/wiki/King_George_III_of_Great_Britain" class="mw-redirect" title="King George III of Great Britain">King George III of Great Britain</a> failed, Dickinson reworked <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Thomas Jefferson</a>'s language and wrote the final draft of the 1775 <a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_the_Causes_and_Necessity_of_Taking_Up_Arms" title="Declaration of the Causes and Necessity of Taking Up Arms">Declaration of the Causes and Necessity of Taking Up Arms</a>. When Congress then decided to seek independence from Great Britain, Dickinson served on the committee that wrote the <a href="/wiki/Model_Treaty" title="Model Treaty">Model Treaty</a>, and then wrote the first draft of the 1776–1777 <a href="/wiki/Articles_of_Confederation" title="Articles of Confederation">Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union</a>. Later served as President of the <a href="/wiki/Annapolis_Convention_(1786)" title="Annapolis Convention (1786)">1786 Annapolis Convention</a>, which called for the <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Convention_(United_States)" title="Constitutional Convention (United States)">Constitutional Convention of 1787</a>. Dickinson attended the Convention as a delegate from <a href="/wiki/Delaware" title="Delaware">Delaware</a>. He also wrote "<a href="/wiki/The_Liberty_Song" title="The Liberty Song">The Liberty Song</a>" in 1768, was a militia officer during the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolution" title="American Revolution">American Revolution</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Delaware" title="List of governors of Delaware">President of Delaware</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Pennsylvania" title="List of governors of Pennsylvania">President of Pennsylvania</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Fitzsimons" title="Thomas Fitzsimons">Thomas Fitzsimons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin">Benjamin Franklin</a> - author, printer, political theorist, politician, scientist, inventor, humorist, civic activist, statesman, and diplomat. <a href="/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_of_the_United_States_to_France" title="List of ambassadors of the United States to France">U.S. Ambassador to France</a>. President of Pennsylvania. Signer of the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Galloway" title="Joseph Galloway">Joseph Galloway</a> - Delegate to the First Continental Congress, Loyalist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Hand" title="Edward Hand">Gen. Edward Hand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jared_Ingersoll" title="Jared Ingersoll">Jared Ingersoll</a> - lawyer, statesman, delegate to the Continental Congress, signer of the United States Constitution</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Irvine_(general)" title="William Irvine (general)">Brigadier General William Irvine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Matlack" title="Timothy Matlack">Timothy Matlack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Mercer" title="Hugh Mercer">Brigadier General Hugh Mercer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Mifflin" title="Thomas Mifflin">Major General Thomas Mifflin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Montgomery_(Pennsylvania_soldier)" title="William Montgomery (Pennsylvania soldier)">William Montgomery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Morris_(financier)" title="Robert Morris (financier)">Robert Morris</a> - Signer of the Declaration of Independence, the Articles of Confederation, and the Constitution. <a href="/wiki/Superintendent_of_Finance_of_the_United_States" title="Superintendent of Finance of the United States">Superintendent of Finance of the United States</a>. Known as the "Financier of the Revolution."</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Morton_(American_politician)" title="John Morton (American politician)">John Morton</a> - Delegate to the Continental Congress, signatory to the Continental Association and the Declaration of Independence. Provided the swing vote that allowed Pennsylvania to vote in favor of the Declaration of Independence. Chaired the committee that wrote the Articles of Confederation.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Muhlenberg" title="Peter Muhlenberg">Peter Muhlenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Nicholas" title="Samuel Nicholas">Samuel Nicholas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Reed_(politician)" title="Joseph Reed (politician)">Joseph Reed</a> - Delegate to the Continental Congress, signed the Articles of Confederation, President of Pennsylvania's <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Executive_Council_of_the_Commonwealth_of_Pennsylvania" title="Supreme Executive Council of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania">Supreme Executive Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Ross_(American_politician)" title="George Ross (American politician)">George Ross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Rush" title="Benjamin Rush">Dr. Benjamin Rush</a> - Signer of the Declaration of Independence, a civic leader in Philadelphia, physician, politician, social reformer, humanitarian, educator, founder of Dickinson College</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peggy_Shippen" title="Peggy Shippen">Peggy Shippen</a> - Spy and second wife of Major General Benedict Arnold</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Smith_(Pennsylvania_politician)" title="James Smith (Pennsylvania politician)">James Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_St._Clair" title="Arthur St. Clair">Major General Arthur St. Clair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Stewart_(general)" title="Walter Stewart (general)">Gen. Walter Stewart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Taylor_(Pennsylvania_politician)" title="George Taylor (Pennsylvania politician)">George Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Van_Leer" title="Samuel Van Leer">Samuel Van Leer</a> - well known local <a href="/wiki/Ironmaster" title="Ironmaster">ironmaster</a>, supplier for army during the war and officer. His <a href="/wiki/Reading_Furnace_Historic_District" title="Reading Furnace Historic District">Reading Furnace</a> was used for musket repairs after the battle of <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Brandywine" title="Battle of Brandywine">Battle of Brandywine</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Wayne" title="Anthony Wayne">Brigadier General Anthony Wayne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_West" title="Benjamin West">Benjamin West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Wharton_Jr." title="Thomas Wharton Jr.">Thomas Wharton Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Wilson_(Founding_Father)" title="James Wilson (Founding Father)">James Wilson</a> - Signer of the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution. Member of the Continental Congress, and a major force in drafting the U.S. Constitution. A leading legal theorist, he was one of the six original justices appointed by George Washington to the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">Supreme Court of the United States</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Wister" class="mw-redirect" title="Sarah Wister">Sarah ("Sally") Wister</a> - A girl living in Pennsylvania during the American Revolution who was the author of <i>Sally Wister's Journal</i>, a firsthand account of life in the nearby countryside during the British occupation of Philadelphia in 1777–78.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy_and_influence">Legacy and influence</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pennsylvania_in_the_American_Revolution&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Legacy and influence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The American Revolution had wide-reaching, long-lasting impact around the world — not the least of which were the U.S. impact on <a href="/wiki/Republicanism" title="Republicanism">republicanism</a> internationally, numerous <a href="/wiki/Unilateral_declaration_of_independence" title="Unilateral declaration of independence">unilateral declarations of independence</a>, and its eventual emergence as the world's only super-power following the <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">Second World War</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a>. Unparalleled in wealth and power, the United States has remained the world's only super-power since the fall of the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> — for nearly three decades.<sup id="cite_ref-Time-May-28-2015_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Time-May-28-2015-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Nossal_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nossal-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Revolutionary War entangled <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain" title="Kingdom of Great Britain">Great Britain</a> in conflict with its rival empires of France and Spain; and also ignited open conflict between <a href="/wiki/Fourth_Anglo-Dutch_War" title="Fourth Anglo-Dutch War">Great Britain and the United Provinces of the Netherlands (Dutch Republic)</a>. </p><p>Ultimately, the Declaration of Independence would influence many similar <a href="/wiki/Unilateral_declaration_of_independence" title="Unilateral declaration of independence">declarations of independence</a> for over two-hundred years. The U.S. Declaration of Independence was considered dangerous to imperial power by some, and the Spanish-American authorities banned the circulation of the Declaration (although it was widely transmitted and translated).<sup id="cite_ref-scholar.harvard.edu_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-scholar.harvard.edu-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a>, the full text of the Declaration of Independence was outlawed until the reign and reform era of <a href="/wiki/Alexander_II_of_Russia" title="Alexander II of Russia">Tsar Alexander II</a> (1855-1881).<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Preservation_and_memorialization">Preservation and memorialization</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pennsylvania_in_the_American_Revolution&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Preservation and memorialization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tomb_of_the_Unknown_Revolutionary_War_Soldier-27527.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Tomb_of_the_Unknown_Revolutionary_War_Soldier-27527.jpg/220px-Tomb_of_the_Unknown_Revolutionary_War_Soldier-27527.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Tomb_of_the_Unknown_Revolutionary_War_Soldier-27527.jpg/330px-Tomb_of_the_Unknown_Revolutionary_War_Soldier-27527.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Tomb_of_the_Unknown_Revolutionary_War_Soldier-27527.jpg/440px-Tomb_of_the_Unknown_Revolutionary_War_Soldier-27527.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2600" data-file-height="1950" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_the_Unknown_Revolutionary_War_Soldier" title="Tomb of the Unknown Revolutionary War Soldier">Tomb of the Unknown Revolutionary War Soldier</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Washington_Square_(Philadelphia)" title="Washington Square (Philadelphia)">Washington Square</a> section of <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Brandywine_battlefield_grave_Birmingham_Meeting.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Brandywine_battlefield_grave_Birmingham_Meeting.jpg/220px-Brandywine_battlefield_grave_Birmingham_Meeting.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Brandywine_battlefield_grave_Birmingham_Meeting.jpg/330px-Brandywine_battlefield_grave_Birmingham_Meeting.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Brandywine_battlefield_grave_Birmingham_Meeting.jpg/440px-Brandywine_battlefield_grave_Birmingham_Meeting.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="636" /></a><figcaption>Common grave memorial stone on the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Brandywine" title="Battle of Brandywine">Brandywine battlefield</a> in the graveyard of Birmingham Friends Meetinghouse in <a href="/wiki/Birmingham_Township,_Chester_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Birmingham Township, Chester County, Pennsylvania">Birmingham Township</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Nineteen Pennsylvania counties (almost a third of its 67 counties) are named for military and political figures from the American Revolution: <a href="/wiki/Adams_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Adams County, Pennsylvania">Adams</a>, <a href="/wiki/Armstrong_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Armstrong County, Pennsylvania">Armstrong</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bradford_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Bradford County, Pennsylvania">Bradford</a>, <a href="/wiki/Butler_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Butler County, Pennsylvania">Butler</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crawford_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Crawford County, Pennsylvania">Crawford</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fayette_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Fayette County, Pennsylvania">Fayette</a>, <a href="/wiki/Franklin_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Franklin County, Pennsylvania">Franklin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greene_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Greene County, Pennsylvania">Greene</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jefferson_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Jefferson County, Pennsylvania">Jefferson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Luzerne_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Luzerne County, Pennsylvania">Luzerne</a>, <a href="/wiki/McKean_County,_Pennsylvania" title="McKean County, Pennsylvania">McKean</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mercer_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Mercer County, Pennsylvania">Mercer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mifflin_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Mifflin County, Pennsylvania">Mifflin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Monroe_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Monroe County, Pennsylvania">Monroe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Potter_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Potter County, Pennsylvania">Potter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sullivan_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Sullivan County, Pennsylvania">Sullivan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Warren_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Warren County, Pennsylvania">Warren</a>, <a href="/wiki/Washington_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Washington County, Pennsylvania">Washington</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Wayne_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Wayne County, Pennsylvania">Wayne</a> counties.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A convention held in Independence Hall in 1915, presided over by former US president <a href="/wiki/William_Howard_Taft" title="William Howard Taft">William Howard Taft</a>, marked the formal announcement of the formation of the <a href="/wiki/League_to_Enforce_Peace" title="League to Enforce Peace">League to Enforce Peace</a>, which led to the <a href="/wiki/League_of_Nations" title="League of Nations">League of Nations</a> and eventually the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a>. The building is part of <a href="/wiki/Independence_National_Historical_Park" title="Independence National Historical Park">Independence National Historical Park</a> and has been listed as a UNESCO <a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_the_Americas#United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="List of World Heritage Sites in the Americas">World Heritage Site</a> since 1979.<sup id="cite_ref-WldHeritageSite_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WldHeritageSite-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The site of the Valley Forge winter encampment has been a National Historical Park since it was given as a gift to the nation during the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Bicentennial" title="United States Bicentennial">U.S. bicentennial</a>, and transferred from the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania to the National Park Service in 1976. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/American_Battlefield_Trust" title="American Battlefield Trust">American Battlefield Trust</a> is working with various organizations and governments in Pennsylvania to preserve battlefields of the American Revolution, including Brandywine battlefield.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of the 2010s, <a href="/wiki/Chester_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Chester County, Pennsylvania">Chester County</a>'s government is working with the local municipalities at the sites of the Battles of Brandywine, Paoli and the Clouds, to preserve key areas in the increasingly-dense suburban communities.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many monuments and memorials exist throughout Pennsylvania dedicated to revolutionary-era figures, events, and war dead. Examples include the <a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_the_Unknown_Revolutionary_War_Soldier" title="Tomb of the Unknown Revolutionary War Soldier">Tomb of the Unknown Revolutionary War Soldier</a> in Philadelphia; the <a href="/wiki/National_Memorial_Arch" title="National Memorial Arch">National Memorial Arch</a>, in Valley Forge National Historical Park, Chester County — a monument built to celebrate the arrival of the Continental Army at Valley Forge; various battle monuments at Brandywine, Paoli, <a href="/wiki/Wyoming_Monument" title="Wyoming Monument">Wyoming</a>, and elsewhere; and numerous statues across the state. </p><p>Several lineage societies related to the revolution currently have an organized presence in Pennsylvania, including the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.valleyforgesociety.com/">Society of the Descendants of Washington's Army at Valley Forge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sons_of_the_Revolution" title="Sons of the Revolution">Sons of the Revolution</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sons_of_the_American_Revolution" title="Sons of the American Revolution">Sons of the American Revolution</a>, <a href="/wiki/Daughters_of_the_American_Revolution" title="Daughters of the American Revolution">Daughters of the American Revolution</a>, <a href="/wiki/Children_of_the_American_Revolution" title="Children of the American Revolution">Children of the American Revolution</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Society_of_the_Cincinnati" title="Society of the Cincinnati">Society of the Cincinnati</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pennsylvania_in_the_American_Revolution&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Pennsylvania.svg/32px-Flag_of_Pennsylvania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Pennsylvania.svg/48px-Flag_of_Pennsylvania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Pennsylvania.svg/64px-Flag_of_Pennsylvania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="740" data-file-height="540" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Pennsylvania" title="Portal:Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Pennsylvania" title="History of Pennsylvania">History of Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Philadelphia" title="History of Philadelphia">History of Philadelphia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Pennsylvania" title="Province of Pennsylvania">Province of Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirteen_Colonies" title="Thirteen Colonies">Thirteen Colonies</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pennsylvania_in_the_American_Revolution&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/today/jan17.html">"Today in History: January 17"</a>. Library of Congress<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 8,</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Today+in+History%3A+January+17&rft.pub=Library+of+Congress&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmemory.loc.gov%2Fammem%2Ftoday%2Fjan17.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APennsylvania+in+the+American+Revolution" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Weigley, RF et al. (eds): (1982), Philadelphia: A 300-Year History, New York and London: W. W. Norton & Company, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-393-01610-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-393-01610-2">0-393-01610-2</a>. page 134.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdams" class="citation web cs1">Adams, John. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Jefferson/03-08-02-0560">"John Adams to Thomas Jefferson, 24 August 1815"</a>. <i>National Historical Publications and Records Commission (NHPRC)</i>. National Archives of the United States<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Historical+Publications+and+Records+Commission+%28NHPRC%29&rft.atitle=John+Adams+to+Thomas+Jefferson%2C+24+August+1815&rft.aulast=Adams&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffounders.archives.gov%2Fdocuments%2FJefferson%2F03-08-02-0560&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APennsylvania+in+the+American+Revolution" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-birth-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-birth_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFContinental_Congress1775" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Continental_Congress" title="Continental Congress">Continental Congress</a> (10 November 1775). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101007204834/http://www.tecom.usmc.mil/HD/Docs_Speeches/Continentialcongressestmarines1775.htm">"Resolution Establishing the Continental Marines"</a>. <i>Journal of the Continental Congress</i>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps_History_Division" title="United States Marine Corps History Division">United States Marine Corps History Division</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tecom.usmc.mil/HD/Docs_Speeches/Continentialcongressestmarines1775.htm">the original</a> on 7 October 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 February</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Continental+Congress&rft.atitle=Resolution+Establishing+the+Continental+Marines&rft.date=1775-11-10&rft.au=Continental+Congress&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tecom.usmc.mil%2FHD%2FDocs_Speeches%2FContinentialcongressestmarines1775.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APennsylvania+in+the+American+Revolution" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=lljc&fileName=008/lljc008.db&recNum=90">"Journals of the Continental Congress, 1774–1789, 8:464"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Journals+of+the+Continental+Congress%2C+1774%26ndash%3B1789%2C+8%3A464&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmemory.loc.gov%2Fcgi-bin%2Fampage%3FcollId%3Dlljc%26fileName%3D008%2Flljc008.db%26recNum%3D90&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APennsylvania+in+the+American+Revolution" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFurgurson" class="citation web cs1">Furgurson, Ernest B. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.historynet.com/the-marksman-who-refused-to-shoot-george-washington.htm">"The British Marksman Who Refused to Shoot George Washington"</a>. <i>HistoryNet.com</i>. World History Group<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=HistoryNet.com&rft.atitle=The+British+Marksman+Who+Refused+to+Shoot+George+Washington&rft.aulast=Furgurson&rft.aufirst=Ernest+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.historynet.com%2Fthe-marksman-who-refused-to-shoot-george-washington.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APennsylvania+in+the+American+Revolution" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGaines2007" class="citation news cs1">Gaines, James (September 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120403015032/http://www.smithsonianmag.com/history-archaeology/washington_main.html?c=y&page=3">"Washington & Lafayette"</a>. <i>Smithsonian Magazine Online</i>. Smithsonian. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.smithsonianmag.com/history-archaeology/washington_main.html?c=y&page=3">the original</a> on April 3, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 21,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Smithsonian+Magazine+Online&rft.atitle=Washington+%26+Lafayette&rft.date=2007-09&rft.aulast=Gaines&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.smithsonianmag.com%2Fhistory-archaeology%2Fwashington_main.html%3Fc%3Dy%26page%3D3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APennsylvania+in+the+American+Revolution" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-L164-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-L164_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Leepson, p. 164</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-psb392-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-psb392_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-psb392_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-psb392_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Szczygielski86">Szczygielski, 1986</a>, p. 392</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Storozynski2010-55-56-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Storozynski2010-55-56_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Storozynski2010-55-56_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#AlexStorozynski">Storozynski, 2010</a>, p. 56</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-appletons133-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-appletons133_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#appleton133">Appletons Cyclopaedia of American Biography: Pickering-Sumter, 1898</a>, p. 133</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kazimierz_Pulaski_Citizenship-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kazimierz_Pulaski_Citizenship_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Mission">Kazimierz Pulaski Granted U.S. Citizenship Posthumously, 2009</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Storozynski2010-57-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Storozynski2010-57_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Storozynsky 2010, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wVqnlTbsdXcC&pg=PT56">p. 57</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">111th Congress Public Law 94</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cong-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cong_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Act_of_Congress#Public_law,_private_law,_designation" title="Act of Congress"><abbr title="Public Law">Pub. L.</abbr></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.govinfo.gov/link/plaw/111/public/94?link-type=html">111–94 (text)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.govinfo.gov/link/plaw/111/public/94?link-type=pdf&.pdf">(PDF)</a> U.S. Government Printing Office</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcGuire2006" class="citation book cs1">McGuire, Thomas J. (2006). <i>Battle of Paoli</i>. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books. p. 35. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780811733373" title="Special:BookSources/9780811733373"><bdi>9780811733373</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Battle+of+Paoli&rft.place=Mechanicsburg%2C+PA&rft.pages=35&rft.pub=Stackpole+Books&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9780811733373&rft.aulast=McGuire&rft.aufirst=Thomas+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APennsylvania+in+the+American+Revolution" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarris2014" class="citation book cs1">Harris, Michael C. (2014). <i>Brandywine: A Military History of the Battle that Lost Philadelphia but Saved America, September 11, 1777</i>. Savas Beatie LLC. p. 207. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781611211627" title="Special:BookSources/9781611211627"><bdi>9781611211627</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Brandywine%3A+A+Military+History+of+the+Battle+that+Lost+Philadelphia+but+Saved+America%2C+September+11%2C+1777&rft.pages=207&rft.pub=Savas+Beatie+LLC&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=9781611211627&rft.aulast=Harris&rft.aufirst=Michael+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APennsylvania+in+the+American+Revolution" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dlar.org/dlaraps.htm">"Introducing the David Center for the American Revolution at the American Philosophical Society"</a>. <i>David Library of the American Revolution</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=David+Library+of+the+American+Revolution&rft.atitle=Introducing+the+David+Center+for+the+American+Revolution+at+the+American+Philosophical+Society&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dlar.org%2Fdlaraps.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APennsylvania+in+the+American+Revolution" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Time-May-28-2015-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Time-May-28-2015_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBremer,_Ian2015" class="citation magazine cs1">Bremer, Ian (May 28, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://time.com/3899972/us-superpower-status-military/">"These Are the 5 Reasons Why the U.S. Remains the World's Only Superpower"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=These+Are+the+5+Reasons+Why+the+U.S.+Remains+the+World%27s+Only+Superpower&rft.date=2015-05-28&rft.au=Bremer%2C+Ian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftime.com%2F3899972%2Fus-superpower-status-military%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APennsylvania+in+the+American+Revolution" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nossal-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Nossal_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKim_Richard_Nossal" class="citation conference cs1">Kim Richard Nossal. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190526100449/http://post.queensu.ca/~nossalk/papers/hyperpower.htm"><i>Lonely Superpower or Unapologetic Hyperpower? Analyzing American Power in the post–Cold War Era</i></a>. Biennial meeting, South African Political Studies Association, 29 June-2 July 1999. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://post.queensu.ca/~nossalk/papers/hyperpower.htm">the original</a> on 2019-05-26<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-02-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=conference&rft.btitle=Lonely+Superpower+or+Unapologetic+Hyperpower%3F+Analyzing+American+Power+in+the+post%E2%80%93Cold+War+Era&rft.au=Kim+Richard+Nossal&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpost.queensu.ca%2F~nossalk%2Fpapers%2Fhyperpower.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APennsylvania+in+the+American+Revolution" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/fromcolonytosupe00herr">From Colony to Superpower: U.S. Foreign Relations since 1776</a> (Published 2008), by Professor George C. Herring (Professor of History at Kentucky University)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-scholar.harvard.edu-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-scholar.harvard.edu_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://scholar.harvard.edu/armitage/files/sahj.pdf">The Contagion of Sovereignty: Declarations of Independence since 1776</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bolkhovitinov, "The Declaration of Independence," 1393.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090306043554/http://www.phmc.state.pa.us/bah/dam/counties/county.asp?secid=31">"Pennsylvania Counties"</a>. <i>Pennsylvania State Archives</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.phmc.state.pa.us/bah/dam/counties/county.asp?secid=31">the original</a> on 2009-03-06<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-09-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pennsylvania+State+Archives&rft.atitle=Pennsylvania+Counties&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.phmc.state.pa.us%2Fbah%2Fdam%2Fcounties%2Fcounty.asp%3Fsecid%3D31&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APennsylvania+in+the+American+Revolution" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WldHeritageSite-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WldHeritageSite_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.globalmountainsummit.org/independence-hall.html">Independence Hall</a> (at "Independence Hall's History"). World Heritage Sites official webpage. World Heritage Committee. Retrieved 2010-03-16.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.battlefields.org/visit/battlefields/brandywine-battlefield">"Brandywine Battlefield, American Battlefield Trust"</a>. <i>American Battlefield Trust</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-07-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=American+Battlefield+Trust&rft.atitle=Brandywine+Battlefield%2C+American+Battlefield+Trust&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.battlefields.org%2Fvisit%2Fbattlefields%2Fbrandywine-battlefield&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APennsylvania+in+the+American+Revolution" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chesco.org/DocumentCenter/View/17453/CloudsTechReport?bidId=">"Battle of the Clouds Technical Report"</a>. <i>County of Chester, Pennsylvania</i>. County of Chester, Pennsylvania<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=County+of+Chester%2C+Pennsylvania&rft.atitle=Battle+of+the+Clouds+Technical+Report&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chesco.org%2FDocumentCenter%2FView%2F17453%2FCloudsTechReport%3FbidId%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APennsylvania+in+the+American+Revolution" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pennsylvania_in_the_American_Revolution&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Fleming_(historian)" title="Thomas Fleming (historian)">Fleming, Thomas</a>. <i>Washington's Secret War: The Hidden History of Valley Forge</i>. 2005. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0060829621" title="Special:BookSources/0060829621">0060829621</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Hackett_Fischer" title="David Hackett Fischer">Fischer, David Hackett</a>. <i>Washington's Crossing</i>. 2006. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/019518159X" title="Special:BookSources/019518159X">019518159X</a>.</li> <li>Frantz, John B. and Pencak, William. <i>Beyond Philadelphia: The American Revolution in the Pennsylvania Hinterland</i>. 1998. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0271017678" title="Special:BookSources/0271017678">0271017678</a>.</li> <li>Frazer, Persifor. <i>General Persifor Frazer, A Memoir</i>. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: no publisher listed, 1907. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/51721794">51721794</a>.</li> <li>Harris, Michael C. <i>Brandywine: A Military History of the Battle that Lost Philadelphia but Saved America, September 11, 1777</i>. 2014. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781611211627" title="Special:BookSources/9781611211627">9781611211627</a>.</li> <li>Houpt, David W. <i>To Organize the Sovereign People: Political Mobilization in Revolutionary Pennsylvania</i> (U of Virginia Press, 2023) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.h-net.org/reviews/showrev.php?id=59620">online book review</a></li> <li>Knouff, Gregory T. <i>The Soldiers' Revolution: Pennsylvanians in Arms and the Forging of Early American Identity</i>. 2003. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/027102335X" title="Special:BookSources/027102335X">027102335X</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_D._Lockhart" class="mw-redirect" title="Paul D. Lockhart">Lockhart, Paul</a>. <i>The Drillmaster of Valley Forge: The Baron de Steuben and the Making of the American Army</i>. 2010. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0061451649" title="Special:BookSources/0061451649">0061451649</a>.</li> <li>McGuire, Thomas J. <i>Battle of Paoli</i>. 2000. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0811701980" title="Special:BookSources/0811701980">0811701980</a>.</li> <li>McGuire, Thomas J. <i>The Philadelphia Campaign: Volume One: Brandywine and the Fall of Philadelphia</i>. 2006. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0811701786" title="Special:BookSources/0811701786">0811701786</a>.</li> <li>McGuire, Thomas J. <i>The Philadelphia Campaign: Volume Two: Germantown and the Roads to Valley Forge</i>. 2007. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0811702065" title="Special:BookSources/0811702065">0811702065</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_A._Nagy" title="John A. Nagy">Nagy, John A.</a> <i>Spies in the Continental Capital: Espionage Across Pennsylvania During the American Revolution</i>. 2011. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/159416133X" title="Special:BookSources/159416133X">159416133X</a>.</li> <li>Pencak, William. <i>Pennsylvania's Revolution</i>. 2010. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/027103579X" title="Special:BookSources/027103579X">027103579X</a>.</li> <li>Quinch, Josiah, ed. <i>The Journals of Major Samuel Shaw</i>. Boston, Massachusetts: Wm. Crosby and H. P. Nichols, 1847. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/491802">491802</a>.</li> <li>Ruby, Glenn, et al., ed. <i>Pennsylvania 1776</i>. 1990. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/027101217X" title="Special:BookSources/027101217X">027101217X</a>.</li> <li>Seymour, Joseph. <i>The Pennsylvania Associators, 1747-1777</i>. Westholme Publishing. 2012. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1594161605" title="Special:BookSources/978-1594161605">978-1594161605</a>.</li> <li>Linn, John Blair and <a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Egle" title="William Henry Egle">Egle, William H</a>. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/pennsylvaniainwa01linniala">Pennsylvania in the War of the Revolution: Battalions and Line, 1775-1783, Volume 1</a></i>. 1880. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1850676">1850676</a>.</li> <li>Linn, John Blair and <a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Egle" title="William Henry Egle">Egle, William H</a>. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/pennsylvaniainw01eglegoog">Pennsylvania in the War of the Revolution: Associated Battalions and Militia, 1775-1783, Volume 2</a></i>. 1880. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1850676">1850676</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pennsylvania_in_the_American_Revolution&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Pennsylvania_in_the_American_Revolution" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Pennsylvania in the American Revolution">Pennsylvania in the American Revolution</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <p><b>Bibliography</b> </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130303202104/http://www.history.army.mil/reference/revbib/pa.htm">Bibliography of the Continental Army in Pennsylvania</a> compiled by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Center_of_Military_History" title="United States Army Center of Military History">United States Army Center of Military History</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121008070423/http://www.history.army.mil/reference/revbib/pao.htm">Bibliography of Continental Army Operations: Pennsylvania Theater</a> compiled by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Center_of_Military_History" title="United States Army Center of Military History">United States Army Center of Military History</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu/webbin/book/browse?type=lcsubc&key=Pennsylvania%20%2d%2d%20History%20%2d%2d%20Revolution%2c%201775%2d1783">The Online Books Page: Pennsylvania - History - Revolution, 1775-1783</a> - Bibliography of books available online (By the University of Pennsylvania Library)</li></ul> <p><b>Maps</b> </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://westernheritagemapping.org/RevWar/Brandywine/BrandywineMotionV402.html">9/11/1777 - Battle of Brandywine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://westernheritagemapping.org/RevWar/Clouds/CloudsMotionv1.00.html">9/16/1777 – Battle of the Clouds</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://westernheritagemapping.org//RevWar/Paoli/PaoliMotionV307.html">9/20/1777 – Battle of Paoli</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://westernheritagemapping.org/RevWar/Germantown/GermantownMotionV1.html">10/4/1777 – Battle of Germantown</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://westernheritagemapping.org/RevWar/PhiladelphiaCampaign/PhilCampaignV204.html">Philadelphia Campaign – Overall</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://westernheritagemapping.org/RevWar/DelCo/DelcoRev204.html">Troop Movements in Delaware Valley</a> - Interactive Map</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://westernheritagemapping.org/RevWar/ValleyForge/TredyEncampmentsV104.html">Valley Forge / Tredyffrin Encampments | September & December 1777</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Pennsylvania_in_the_American_Revolution" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Pennsylvania_during_the_American_Revolutionary_War" title="Template:Pennsylvania during the American Revolutionary War"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Pennsylvania_during_the_American_Revolutionary_War" title="Template talk:Pennsylvania during the American Revolutionary War"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Pennsylvania_during_the_American_Revolutionary_War" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Pennsylvania during the American Revolutionary War"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Pennsylvania_in_the_American_Revolution" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pennsylvania in the American Revolution</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1774</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carpenters%27_Hall" title="Carpenters' Hall">Carpenters' Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Continental_Congress" title="First Continental Congress">First Continental Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Association" title="Continental Association">Articles of Association</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Independence_Hall_belltower.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Independence_Hall_belltower.jpg/120px-Independence_Hall_belltower.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Independence_Hall_belltower.jpg/180px-Independence_Hall_belltower.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Independence_Hall_belltower.jpg/240px-Independence_Hall_belltower.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="3008" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1775</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Independence_Hall" title="Independence Hall">Independence Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Continental_Congress" title="Second Continental Congress">Second Continental Congress</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1776</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Provincial_Conference" title="Pennsylvania Provincial Conference">Pennsylvania Provincial Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_Resolution" title="Lee Resolution">Lee Resolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Declaration_of_Independence" title="United States Declaration of Independence">Declaration of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Constitution_of_1776" title="Pennsylvania Constitution of 1776">Pennsylvania Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington%27s_crossing_of_the_Delaware_River" title="George Washington's crossing of the Delaware River">Washington Crosses the Delaware</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1777</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Articles_of_Confederation" title="Articles of Confederation">Articles of Confederation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_campaign" title="Philadelphia campaign">Philadelphia campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Brandywine" title="Battle of Brandywine">Battle of Brandywine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Clouds" title="Battle of the Clouds">Battle of the Clouds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty_Bell#Early_days_(1754–1846)" title="Liberty Bell">Liberty Bell moved to Allentown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Paoli" title="Battle of Paoli">Battle of Paoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Germantown" title="Battle of Germantown">Battle of Germantown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Mifflin" title="Fort Mifflin">Siege of Fort Mifflin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_White_Marsh" title="Battle of White Marsh">Battle of White Marsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Matson%27s_Ford" title="Battle of Matson's Ford">Battle of Matson's Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valley_Forge" title="Valley Forge">Valley Forge</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1778</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Crooked_Billet" title="Battle of Crooked Billet">Battle of Crooked Billet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Barren_Hill" title="Battle of Barren Hill">Battle of Barren Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_campaign" title="Philadelphia campaign">British occupation of Philadelphia ends</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Wyoming" title="Battle of Wyoming">Wyoming Valley battle and massacre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1781</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_the_Confederation" title="Congress of the Confederation">Congress of the Confederation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Line_Mutiny" title="Pennsylvania Line Mutiny">Mutiny of the Pennsylvania Line</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1783</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Mutiny_of_1783" title="Pennsylvania Mutiny of 1783">1783 Mutiny</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="American_Revolutionary_War" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:American_Revolutionary_War" title="Template:American Revolutionary War"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:American_Revolutionary_War" title="Template talk:American Revolutionary War"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:American_Revolutionary_War" title="Special:EditPage/Template:American Revolutionary War"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="American_Revolutionary_War" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">American Revolutionary War</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div id="Origins_of_the_American_Revolution" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Origins of the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolution" title="American Revolution">American Revolution</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Philosophy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Enlightenment" title="American Enlightenment">American Enlightenment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Locke" title="John Locke">John Locke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonial_history_of_the_United_States" title="Colonial history of the United States">Colonial history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_the_United_States" title="Liberalism in the United States">Liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republicanism_in_the_United_States" title="Republicanism in the United States">Republicanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_the_United_States" title="Freedom of religion in the United States">Freedom of religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rights_of_Englishmen" title="Rights of Englishmen">Rights of Englishmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No_taxation_without_representation" title="No taxation without representation">No taxation without representation</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Common_Sense" title="Common Sense">Common Sense</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spirit_of_%2776_(sentiment)" title="Spirit of '76 (sentiment)">Spirit of '76</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/All_men_are_created_equal" title="All men are created equal">All men are created equal</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Life,_Liberty_and_the_pursuit_of_Happiness" title="Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness">Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Consent_of_the_governed" title="Consent of the governed">Consent of the governed</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expansionism" title="Expansionism">Expansionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Settler_colonialism" title="Settler colonialism">Settler colonialism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Royalists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pitt%E2%80%93Newcastle_ministry" title="Pitt–Newcastle ministry">Pitt–Newcastle ministry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bute_ministry" title="Bute ministry">Bute ministry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grenville_ministry" title="Grenville ministry">Grenville ministry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Rockingham_ministry" title="First Rockingham ministry">First Rockingham ministry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chatham_ministry" title="Chatham ministry">Chatham ministry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grafton_ministry" title="Grafton ministry">Grafton ministry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_ministry" title="North ministry">North ministry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Rockingham_ministry" title="Second Rockingham ministry">Second Rockingham ministry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shelburne_ministry" title="Shelburne ministry">Shelburne ministry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fox%E2%80%93North_coalition" title="Fox–North coalition">Fox–North coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loyalist_(American_Revolution)" title="Loyalist (American Revolution)">Loyalists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Loyalist" title="Black Loyalist">Black Loyalist</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Related British<br />Acts of Parliament</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Navigation_Acts" title="Navigation Acts">Navigation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron_Act" title="Iron Act">Iron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molasses_Act" title="Molasses Act">Molasses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Proclamation_of_1763" title="Royal Proclamation of 1763">Royal Proclamation of 1763</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugar_Act" title="Sugar Act">Sugar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Currency_Act" title="Currency Act">Currency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quartering_Acts" title="Quartering Acts">Quartering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stamp_Act_1765" title="Stamp Act 1765">Stamp</a> up i.p.o</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Declaratory_Act" title="Declaratory Act">Declaratory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Townshend_Acts" title="Townshend Acts">Townshend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea_Act" title="Tea Act">Tea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quebec_Act" title="Quebec Act">Quebec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intolerable_Acts" title="Intolerable Acts">Intolerable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conciliatory_Resolution" title="Conciliatory Resolution">Conciliatory Resolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Restraining_Acts_1775" title="Restraining Acts 1775">Restraining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proclamation_of_Rebellion" title="Proclamation of Rebellion">Proclamation of Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prohibitory_Act" title="Prohibitory Act">Prohibitory</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Colonials</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Loyal_Nine" title="Loyal Nine">Loyal Nine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stamp_Act_Congress" title="Stamp Act Congress">Stamp Act Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_Rights_and_Grievances" title="Declaration of Rights and Grievances">Declaration of Rights and Grievances</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Association" title="Virginia Association">Virginia Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daughters_of_Liberty" title="Daughters of Liberty">Daughters of Liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sons_of_Liberty" title="Sons of Liberty">Sons of Liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriot_(American_Revolution)" title="Patriot (American Revolution)">Patriots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Patriot" title="Black Patriot">Black Patriots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committees_of_correspondence" title="Committees of correspondence">Committees of correspondence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee_of_safety_(American_Revolution)" title="Committee of safety (American Revolution)">Committees of safety</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Letters_from_a_Farmer_in_Pennsylvania" title="Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania">Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Circular_Letter" title="Massachusetts Circular Letter">Massachusetts Circular Letter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suffolk_Resolves" title="Suffolk Resolves">Suffolk Resolves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Continental_Congress" title="First Continental Congress">First Continental Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Association" title="Continental Association">Continental Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minutemen" title="Minutemen">Minutemen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provincial_Congress" title="Provincial Congress">Provincial Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Continental_Congress" title="Second Continental Congress">Second Continental Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Colonies" title="United Colonies">United Colonies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olive_Branch_Petition" title="Olive Branch Petition">Olive Branch Petition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_the_Causes_and_Necessity_of_Taking_Up_Arms" title="Declaration of the Causes and Necessity of Taking Up Arms">Declaration of the Causes and Necessity of Taking Up Arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee_of_Secret_Correspondence" title="Committee of Secret Correspondence">Committee of Secret Correspondence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halifax_Resolves" title="Halifax Resolves">Halifax Resolves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_Resolution" title="Lee Resolution">Lee Resolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Declaration_of_Independence" title="United States Declaration of Independence">Declaration of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Model_Treaty" title="Model Treaty">Model Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Articles_of_Confederation" title="Articles of Confederation">Articles of Confederation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Perpetual_Union" title="Perpetual Union">Perpetual Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_the_Confederation" title="Congress of the Confederation">Confederation Congress</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_and_Indian_War" title="French and Indian War">French and Indian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1763)" title="Treaty of Paris (1763)">Treaty of Paris (1763)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston_Massacre" title="Boston Massacre">Boston Massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_credit_crisis_of_1772%E2%80%931773" title="British credit crisis of 1772–1773">British credit crisis of 1772–1773</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaspee_affair" title="Gaspee affair">Gaspee affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hutchinson_letters_affair" title="Hutchinson letters affair">Hutchinson letters affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston_Tea_Party" title="Boston Tea Party">Boston Tea Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Tea_Party" title="Philadelphia Tea Party">Philadelphia Tea Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Powder_Alarm" title="Powder Alarm">Powder Alarm</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div id="*_Combatants_*_Campaigns_*_Theaters_*_Battles_*_Events_*_Colonies" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"> <ul><li>Combatants</li> <li>Campaigns</li> <li>Theaters</li> <li>Battles</li> <li>Events</li> <li>Colonies</li></ul> </div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Combatants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/United_Colonies" title="United Colonies">United Colonies</a>/<a href="/wiki/Thirteen_Colonies" title="Thirteen Colonies">Thirteen Colonies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Congress" title="Continental Congress">Continental Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Army" title="Continental Army">Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Navy" title="Continental Navy">Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Marines" title="Continental Marines">Marines</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain" title="Kingdom of Great Britain">Kingdom of Great Britain</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Great_Britain" title="Parliament of Great Britain">Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Army#Early_British_Empire" title="British Army">British Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy#1707–1815" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germans_in_the_American_Revolution#European_allies_of_Britain" title="Germans in the American Revolution">European allies of King George III</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Colonial allies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/France_in_the_American_Revolutionary_War" title="France in the American Revolutionary War">France</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Alliance_(1778)" title="Treaty of Alliance (1778)">Franco-American Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Army" title="French Army">Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Navy" title="French Navy">Navy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roderigue_Hortalez_and_Company" title="Roderigue Hortalez and Company">Hortalez et Cie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germans_in_the_American_Revolution#American_and_European_supporters_of_Congress" title="Germans in the American Revolution">German supporters of Congress</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Campaigns and<br />theaters</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boston_campaign" title="Boston campaign">Boston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Quebec_(1775)" title="Invasion of Quebec (1775)">Quebec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia_in_the_American_Revolution" title="Nova Scotia in the American Revolution">Nova Scotia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_and_New_Jersey_campaign" title="New York and New Jersey campaign">New York and New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saratoga_campaign" title="Saratoga campaign">Saratoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_campaign" title="Philadelphia campaign">Philadelphia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_theater_of_the_American_Revolutionary_War" title="Northern theater of the American Revolutionary War">Northern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_theater_of_the_American_Revolutionary_War_after_Saratoga" title="Northern theater of the American Revolutionary War after Saratoga">Northern after Saratoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_theater_of_the_American_Revolutionary_War" title="Southern theater of the American Revolutionary War">Southern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_theater_of_the_American_Revolutionary_War" title="Western theater of the American Revolutionary War">Western</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yorktown_campaign" title="Yorktown campaign">Yorktown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_battles_of_the_American_Revolutionary_War" title="Naval battles of the American Revolutionary War">Naval battles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Major <a href="/wiki/List_of_American_Revolutionary_War_battles" title="List of American Revolutionary War battles">battles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battles_of_Lexington_and_Concord" title="Battles of Lexington and Concord">Lexington and Concord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Boston" title="Siege of Boston">Boston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Fort_Ticonderoga" title="Capture of Fort Ticonderoga">Capture of Fort Ticonderoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bunker_Hill" title="Battle of Bunker Hill">Bunker Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Quebec_(1775)" title="Battle of Quebec (1775)">Quebec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Valcour_Island" title="Battle of Valcour Island">Valcour Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Long_Island" title="Battle of Long Island">Long Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Harlem_Heights" title="Battle of Harlem Heights">Harlem Heights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fort_Washington" title="Battle of Fort Washington">Fort Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Trenton" title="Battle of Trenton">Trenton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Assunpink_Creek" title="Battle of the Assunpink Creek">Assunpink Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Princeton" title="Battle of Princeton">Princeton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Fort_Ticonderoga_(1777)" title="Siege of Fort Ticonderoga (1777)">Siege of Fort Ticonderoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bennington" title="Battle of Bennington">Bennington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battles_of_Saratoga" title="Battles of Saratoga">Saratoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Brandywine" title="Battle of Brandywine">Brandywine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Germantown" title="Battle of Germantown">Germantown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Monmouth" title="Battle of Monmouth">Monmouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_St._Lucia" title="Battle of St. Lucia">St. Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Grenada" title="Battle of Grenada">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Stony_Point" title="Battle of Stony Point">Stony Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sullivan_Expedition" title="Sullivan Expedition">Sullivan Expedition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Savannah" title="Siege of Savannah">Savannah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Siege_of_Gibraltar" title="Great Siege of Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cape_St._Vincent_(1780)" title="Battle of Cape St. Vincent (1780)">Cape St. Vincent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Charleston" title="Siege of Charleston">Charleston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Connecticut_Farms" title="Battle of Connecticut Farms">Connecticut Farms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Springfield" title="Battle of Springfield">Springfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Camden" title="Battle of Camden">Camden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kings_Mountain" title="Battle of Kings Mountain">Kings Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cowpens" title="Battle of Cowpens">Cowpens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Pensacola" title="Siege of Pensacola">Pensacola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Guilford_Court_House" title="Battle of Guilford Court House">Guilford Court House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lochry%27s_Defeat" title="Lochry's Defeat">Lochry's Defeat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Chesapeake" title="Battle of the Chesapeake">Chesapeake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Yorktown" title="Siege of Yorktown">Yorktown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Saintes" title="Battle of the Saintes">The Saintes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Other events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Staten_Island_Peace_Conference" title="Staten Island Peace Conference">Staten Island Peace Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sint_Eustatius#"First_Salute"" title="Sint Eustatius">"First Salute"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington%27s_crossing_of_the_Delaware_River" title="George Washington's crossing of the Delaware River">Washington's crossing of the Delaware River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conway_Cabal" title="Conway Cabal">Conway Cabal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valley_Forge" title="Valley Forge">Valley Forge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franco-American_alliance" title="Franco-American alliance">Entry of France into war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlisle_Peace_Commission" title="Carlisle Peace Commission">Carlisle Peace Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Riots" title="Gordon Riots">Gordon Riots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Line_Mutiny" title="Pennsylvania Line Mutiny">Pennsylvania Mutiny of 1781</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Sint_Eustatius" title="Capture of Sint Eustatius">Sint Eustatius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newburgh_Conspiracy" title="Newburgh Conspiracy">Newburgh Conspiracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Mutiny_of_1783" title="Pennsylvania Mutiny of 1783">Pennsylvania Mutiny of 1783</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Related conflicts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cherokee%E2%80%93American_wars" title="Cherokee–American wars">Cherokee–American wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Anglo-Dutch_War" title="Fourth Anglo-Dutch War">Fourth Anglo-Dutch War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Anglo-Mysore_War" title="Second Anglo-Mysore War">Second Anglo-Mysore War</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Involvement <span class="nobold">(by <br />colony or location)</span></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Thirteen_Colonies" title="Thirteen Colonies">Rebel colonies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Connecticut#The_American_Revolution_(1775–1789)" title="History of Connecticut">Connecticut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delaware_Line" title="Delaware Line">Delaware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_in_the_American_Revolution" title="Georgia in the American Revolution">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryland_in_the_American_Revolution" title="Maryland in the American Revolution">Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Massachusetts#Revolutionary_Massachusetts:_1760s–1780s" title="History of Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_New_Hampshire#Revolution:_1775–1815" title="History of New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_in_the_American_Revolution" title="New Jersey in the American Revolution">New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_in_the_American_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="New York in the American Revolution">New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Carolina_in_the_American_Revolution#American_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="North Carolina in the American Revolution">North Carolina</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhode_Island_in_the_American_Revolution#Revolutionary_era_1775-1790" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhode Island in the American Revolution">Rhode Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina_in_the_American_Revolution" title="South Carolina in the American Revolution">South Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_in_the_American_Revolution#American_Revolution" title="Virginia in the American Revolution">Virginia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Loyal colonies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_Florida" title="East Florida">East Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia#17th_and_18th_centuries" title="Nova Scotia">Nova Scotia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Quebec_(1763%E2%80%931791)" title="Province of Quebec (1763–1791)">Quebec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Florida" title="West Florida">West Florida</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div id="Leaders" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Leaders</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">British</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Military</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mariot_Arbuthnot" title="Mariot Arbuthnot">Arbuthnot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Brant" title="Joseph Brant">Brant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Burgoyne" title="John Burgoyne">Burgoyne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Campbell,_of_Strachur" title="John Campbell, of Strachur">Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guy_Carleton,_1st_Baron_Dorchester" title="Guy Carleton, 1st Baron Dorchester">Carleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Clinton_(British_Army_officer,_born_1730)" title="Henry Clinton (British Army officer, born 1730)">Clinton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Cornwallis,_1st_Marquess_Cornwallis" title="Charles Cornwallis, 1st Marquess Cornwallis">Cornwallis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Fraser_of_Lovat" title="Simon Fraser of Lovat">Fraser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Gage" title="Thomas Gage">Gage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Graves,_1st_Baron_Graves" title="Thomas Graves, 1st Baron Graves">Graves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Howe,_1st_Earl_Howe" title="Richard Howe, 1st Earl Howe">Richard Howe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Howe,_5th_Viscount_Howe" title="William Howe, 5th Viscount Howe">William Howe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_von_Knyphausen" title="Wilhelm von Knyphausen">Knyphausen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Rodney,_1st_Baron_Rodney" title="George Rodney, 1st Baron Rodney">Rodney</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Civilian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_III" title="George III">King George III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeffery_Amherst,_1st_Baron_Amherst" title="Jeffery Amherst, 1st Baron Amherst">Amherst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Barrington,_2nd_Viscount_Barrington" title="William Barrington, 2nd Viscount Barrington">Barrington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Germain,_1st_Viscount_Sackville" title="George Germain, 1st Viscount Sackville">Germain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_North,_Lord_North" title="Frederick North, Lord North">North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Watson-Wentworth,_2nd_Marquess_of_Rockingham" title="Charles Watson-Wentworth, 2nd Marquess of Rockingham">Rockingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Montagu,_4th_Earl_of_Sandwich" title="John Montagu, 4th Earl of Sandwich">Sandwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Petty,_2nd_Earl_of_Shelburne" title="William Petty, 2nd Earl of Shelburne">Shelburne</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Colonial</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Military</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Alexander,_Lord_Stirling" title="William Alexander, Lord Stirling">Alexander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethan_Allen" title="Ethan Allen">Allen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benedict_Arnold" title="Benedict Arnold">Arnold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Barry_(naval_officer)" title="John Barry (naval officer)">Barry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Claghorn" title="George Claghorn">Claghorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Rogers_Clark" title="George Rogers Clark">Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Leb%C3%A8gue_Duportail" title="Louis Lebègue Duportail">Duportail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horatio_Gates" title="Horatio Gates">Gates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathanael_Greene" title="Nathanael Greene">Greene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Hamilton" title="Alexander Hamilton">Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esek_Hopkins" title="Esek Hopkins">Hopkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Paul_Jones" title="John Paul Jones">Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_de_Kalb" title="Johann de Kalb">de Kalb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Knox" title="Henry Knox">Knox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_du_Motier,_Marquis_de_Lafayette" title="Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette">Lafayette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Lee_(general)" title="Charles Lee (general)">Charles Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Lincoln" title="Benjamin Lincoln">Lincoln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Mercer" title="Hugh Mercer">Mercer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Montgomery" title="Richard Montgomery">Montgomery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Nicholson" title="Samuel Nicholson">Nicholson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel_Putnam" title="Israel Putnam">Putnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caesar_Rodney" title="Caesar Rodney">Rodney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_St._Clair" title="Arthur St. Clair">St. Clair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Schuyler" title="Philip Schuyler">Schuyler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Wilhelm_von_Steuben" title="Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben">von Steuben</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Sullivan_(general)" title="John Sullivan (general)">Sullivan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artemas_Ward" title="Artemas Ward">Ward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Wayne" title="Anthony Wayne">Wayne</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Civilian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Adams" title="John Adams">John Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Adams" title="Samuel Adams">Samuel Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Carroll_of_Carrollton" title="Charles Carroll of Carrollton">Carroll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Dickinson" title="John Dickinson">Dickinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin">Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hancock" title="John Hancock">Hancock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hanson" title="John Hanson">Hanson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Henry" title="Patrick Henry">Henry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Huntington_(Connecticut_politician)" title="Samuel Huntington (Connecticut politician)">Huntington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Jay" title="John Jay">Jay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Jefferson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Laurens" title="Henry Laurens">Laurens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Henry_Lee" title="Richard Henry Lee">Richard Henry Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_McKean" title="Thomas McKean">McKean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Morris_(financier)" title="Robert Morris (financier)">Morris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Revere" title="Paul Revere">Revere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Rush" title="Benjamin Rush">Rush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Witherspoon" title="John Witherspoon">Witherspoon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Colonial allies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="French" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">French</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XVI" title="Louis XVI">Louis XVI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Beaumarchais" title="Pierre Beaumarchais">Beaumarchais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Henri_Hector,_Count_of_Estaing" title="Charles Henri Hector, Count of Estaing">d'Estaing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Joseph_Paul_de_Grasse" title="François Joseph Paul de Grasse">de Grasse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luc_Urbain_du_Bou%C3%ABxic,_comte_de_Guichen" title="Luc Urbain du Bouëxic, comte de Guichen">de Guichen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne-C%C3%A9sar_de_La_Luzerne" title="Anne-César de La Luzerne">Luzerne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Donatien_de_Vimeur,_comte_de_Rochambeau" title="Jean-Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur, comte de Rochambeau">de Rochambeau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Andr%C3%A9_de_Suffren" title="Pierre André de Suffren">Suffren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Gravier,_comte_de_Vergennes" title="Charles Gravier, comte de Vergennes">Vergennes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div id="Aftermath" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Aftermath</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_the_Cincinnati" title="Society of the Cincinnati">Society of the Cincinnati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1783)" title="Treaty of Paris (1783)">Treaty of Paris (1783)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evacuation_Day_(New_York)" title="Evacuation Day (New York)">Evacuation Day (1783)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ratification_Day_(United_States)" title="Ratification Day (United States)">Ratification Day (1784)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Convention_(United_States)" title="Constitutional Convention (United States)">Constitutional Convention</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Federalist_Papers" title="The Federalist Papers">The Federalist Papers</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_United_States" title="Constitution of the United States">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Bill_of_Rights" title="United States Bill of Rights">Bill of Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shays%27s_Rebellion" title="Shays's Rebellion">Shays's Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jay_Treaty" title="Jay Treaty">Jay Treaty</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div id="*_Related_topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"> <ul><li>Related topics</li></ul> </div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Military</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prisoners_of_war_in_the_American_Revolutionary_War" title="Prisoners of war in the American Revolutionary War">Prisoners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turtle_(submersible)" title="Turtle (submersible)">The <i>Turtle</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Political</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Founding_Fathers_of_the_United_States" title="Founding Fathers of the United States">Founding Fathers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diplomacy_in_the_American_Revolutionary_War" title="Diplomacy in the American Revolutionary War">Diplomacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty_Tree" title="Liberty Tree">Liberty Tree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yankee_Doodle" title="Yankee Doodle">Yankee Doodle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Other topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_American_Revolution" title="Timeline of the American Revolution">Timeline of the American Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_the_Revolutionary_War" title="African Americans in the Revolutionary War">African Americans in the Revolutionary War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dogs_in_the_American_Revolutionary_War" title="Dogs in the American Revolutionary War">Dogs in the American Revolutionary War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intelligence_in_the_American_Revolutionary_War" title="Intelligence in the American Revolutionary War">Intelligence in the American Revolutionary War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_the_American_Revolution" title="Women in the American Revolution">Women in the American Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_costs_of_the_American_Revolutionary_War" title="Financial costs of the American Revolutionary War">Financial costs of the war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_currency_banknotes" title="Continental currency banknotes">Continental currency banknotes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Currency_dollar_coin" title="Continental Currency dollar coin">Continental Currency dollar coin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertas_Americana" title="Libertas Americana">Libertas Americana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commemoration_of_the_American_Revolution" title="Commemoration of the American Revolution">Commemoration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_about_the_American_Revolution" title="List of films about the American Revolution">film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_television_series_and_miniseries_about_the_American_Revolution" title="List of television series and miniseries about the American Revolution">television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_plays_and_musicals_about_the_American_Revolution" title="List of plays and musicals about the American Revolution">theater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independence_Day_(United_States)" title="Independence Day (United States)">Independence Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriots%27_Day" title="Patriots' Day">Patriots' Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Pulaski_Memorial_Day" title="General Pulaski Memorial Day">Pulaski Memorial Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidents%27_Day" title="Presidents' Day">Washington's Birthday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jefferson%27s_Birthday" title="Jefferson's Birthday">Jefferson's Birthday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Von_Steuben_Day" title="Von Steuben Day">Von Steuben Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minor_American_Revolution_holidays" title="Minor American Revolution holidays">Minor holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centennial_Exposition" title="Centennial Exposition">Centennial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sesquicentennial_Exposition" title="Sesquicentennial Exposition">Sesquicentennial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Bicentennial" title="United States Bicentennial">Bicentennial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Semiquincentennial" title="United States Semiquincentennial">Semiquincentennial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Children_of_the_American_Revolution" title="Children of the American Revolution">Children of the American Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daughters_of_the_American_Revolution" title="Daughters of the American Revolution">Daughters of the American Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sons_of_the_American_Revolution" title="Sons of the American Revolution">Sons of the American Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sons_of_the_Revolution" title="Sons of the Revolution">Sons of the Revolution</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charters_of_Freedom" title="Charters of Freedom">Charters of Freedom Rotunda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_the_American_Revolution" title="Museum of the American Revolution">Museum of the American Revolution</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7164285#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85099526">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007533950005171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pennsylvania_in_the_American_Revolution&oldid=1257939073">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pennsylvania_in_the_American_Revolution&oldid=1257939073</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Category</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pennsylvania_in_the_American_Revolution" title="Category:Pennsylvania in the American Revolution">Pennsylvania in the American Revolution</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link is on Wikidata">Commons category link is on Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 17 November 2024, at 09:28<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pennsylvania_in_the_American_Revolution&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-rqr4k","wgBackendResponseTime":162,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.763","walltime":"0.942","ppvisitednodes":{"value":5338,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":187672,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":5024,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":16,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":2,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":119744,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 714.079 1 -total"," 29.57% 211.161 1 Template:Reflist"," 17.24% 123.129 9 Template:Cite_web"," 13.95% 99.610 1 Template:Pennsylvania_during_the_American_Revolutionary_War"," 13.63% 97.363 1 Template:Short_description"," 13.39% 95.594 1 Template:Military_navigation"," 11.65% 83.197 14 Template:ISBN"," 8.93% 63.732 1 Template:Commons_category"," 8.68% 62.003 1 Template:American_Revolutionary_War"," 8.59% 61.342 1 Template:Sister_project"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.376","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":5576199,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-g2nql","timestamp":"20241122145612","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Pennsylvania in the American Revolution","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pennsylvania_in_the_American_Revolution","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q7164285","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q7164285","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2006-03-15T05:03:12Z","dateModified":"2024-11-17T09:28:10Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/9\/95\/Washington_Crossing_the_Delaware_by_Emanuel_Leutze%2C_MMA-NYC%2C_1851.jpg","headline":"aspect of American history"}</script> </body> </html>