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</div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">George Washington's crossing of the Delaware River</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cruce_de_Washington_del_r%C3%ADo_Delaware" title="Cruce de Washington del río Delaware – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cruce de Washington del río Delaware" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Travers%C3%A9e_du_Delaware_par_George_Washington" title="Traversée du Delaware par George Washington – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Traversée du Delaware par George Washington" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attraversamento_del_Delaware" title="Attraversamento del Delaware – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Attraversamento del Delaware" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%97%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%93%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%95%D7%95%D7%A8" title="חציית הדלאוור – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="חציית הדלאוור" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penyeberangan_Sungai_Delaware_oleh_Washington" title="Penyeberangan Sungai Delaware oleh Washington – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Penyeberangan Sungai Delaware oleh Washington" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0_%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%83_%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8D%D1%80" title="Переправа армии Джорджа Вашингтона через реку Делавэр – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Переправа армии Джорджа Вашингтона через реку Делавэр" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BC_%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D1%80%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Форсування Джорджем Вашингтоном річки Делавер – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Форсування Джорджем Вашингтоном річки Делавер" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7971587#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav 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href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=George_Washington%27s_crossing_of_the_Delaware_River&params=40_18_0_N_74_52_24_W_region:US_type:event&title=Washington%27s+Crossing"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">40°18′0″N</span> <span class="longitude">74°52′24″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">40.30000°N 74.87333°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">40.30000; -74.87333</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Washington's Crossing</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-good-star" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Good_articles*" title="This is a good article. 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For other works, see <a href="/wiki/Washington_Crossing_the_Delaware_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Washington Crossing the Delaware (disambiguation)">Washington Crossing the Delaware</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><caption class="infobox-title summary">George Washington's crossing of the Delaware River</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="border-bottom:#aaa solid 1px"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Washington_Crossing_the_Delaware_by_Emanuel_Leutze,_MMA-NYC,_1851.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Washington_Crossing_the_Delaware_by_Emanuel_Leutze%2C_MMA-NYC%2C_1851.jpg/240px-Washington_Crossing_the_Delaware_by_Emanuel_Leutze%2C_MMA-NYC%2C_1851.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Washington_Crossing_the_Delaware_by_Emanuel_Leutze%2C_MMA-NYC%2C_1851.jpg/360px-Washington_Crossing_the_Delaware_by_Emanuel_Leutze%2C_MMA-NYC%2C_1851.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Washington_Crossing_the_Delaware_by_Emanuel_Leutze%2C_MMA-NYC%2C_1851.jpg/480px-Washington_Crossing_the_Delaware_by_Emanuel_Leutze%2C_MMA-NYC%2C_1851.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4313" data-file-height="2473" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><i><a href="/wiki/Washington_Crossing_the_Delaware_(1851_painting)" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington Crossing the Delaware (1851 painting)">Washington Crossing the Delaware</a></i>, an 1851 portrait by <a href="/wiki/Emanuel_Leutze" title="Emanuel Leutze">Emanuel Leutze</a> depicting <a href="/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">Washington</a> and <a href="/wiki/Continental_Army" title="Continental Army">Continental Army</a> troops crossing the river prior to the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Trenton" title="Battle of Trenton">Battle of Trenton</a> on the morning of December 26, 1776</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Date</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;">Night of December 25–26, 1776</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data location" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Washington_Crossing,_Pennsylvania" title="Washington Crossing, Pennsylvania">Washington Crossing, Pennsylvania</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Participants</th><td class="infobox-data attendee" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Continental_Army" title="Continental Army">Continental Army</a> led by <a href="/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">George Washington</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Outcome</th><td class="infobox-data description" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Trenton" title="Battle of Trenton">Battle of Trenton</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="locmap noviewer noresize thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:302px"><div style="position:relative;width:300px;border:1px solid lightgray"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:USA_New_Jersey_relief_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="The crossing site is on the Delaware River, which marks the eastern border of Pennsylvania and the western border of New Jersey. It is located north of an elbow in the river, which is the site of Trenton. Mount Holly is about 18 miles from Trenton, almost directly to the south."><img alt="The crossing site is on the Delaware River, which marks the eastern border of Pennsylvania and the western border of New Jersey. It is located north of an elbow in the river, which is the site of Trenton. Mount Holly is about 18 miles from Trenton, almost directly to the south." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/USA_New_Jersey_relief_location_map.svg/300px-USA_New_Jersey_relief_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="558" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/USA_New_Jersey_relief_location_map.svg/450px-USA_New_Jersey_relief_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/USA_New_Jersey_relief_location_map.svg/600px-USA_New_Jersey_relief_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="839" data-file-height="1560" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:43.333%;left:44.124%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="The location of all 3 of the crossings"><img alt="The location of all 3 of the crossings" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Green_pog.svg/8px-Green_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Green_pog.svg/12px-Green_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Green_pog.svg/16px-Green_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:5px"><div>The location of all 3 of the crossings</div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:45.944%;left:49.709%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Trenton"><img alt="Trenton" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div>Trenton</div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:53.5%;left:48.241%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Mount Holly"><img alt="Mount Holly" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div>Mount Holly</div></div></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:USA_New_Jersey_relief_location_map.svg" title="File:USA New Jersey relief location map.svg">class=notpageimage| </a></div>A map of present-day <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a> and eastern <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a> showing <a href="/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">Washington</a>'s crossing point in present-day <a href="/wiki/Bucks_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Bucks County, Pennsylvania">Bucks County, Pennsylvania</a>, and his proposed attack site at <a href="/wiki/Trenton,_New_Jersey" title="Trenton, New Jersey">Trenton</a>; after evaluating several options, Washington settled on a complex military operation and surprise attack on a <a href="/wiki/Hessian_(soldier)" title="Hessian (soldier)">Hessian</a> garrison in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Trenton" title="Battle of Trenton">Battle of Trenton</a>.</div></div></div> <p><b>George Washington's crossing of the Delaware River</b>, which occurred on the night of December 25–26, 1776, during the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">American Revolutionary War</a>, was the first move in a complex and surprise military maneuver organized by <a href="/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">George Washington</a>, the commander-in-chief of the <a href="/wiki/Continental_Army" title="Continental Army">Continental Army</a>, which culminated in their attack on <a href="/wiki/Hessian_(soldier)" title="Hessian (soldier)">Hessian</a> forces garrisoned at <a href="/wiki/Trenton,_New_Jersey" title="Trenton, New Jersey">Trenton</a>. The Hessians were <a href="/wiki/Germans" title="Germans">German</a> mercenaries hired by the <a href="/wiki/British_Army_during_the_American_Revolutionary_War" title="British Army during the American Revolutionary War">British</a>. </p><p>Washington and his troops successfully attacked the Hessian forces in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Trenton" title="Battle of Trenton">Battle of Trenton</a> on the morning of December 26, 1776. The military campaign was organized in great secrecy by Washington, who led a column of Continental Army troops from today's <a href="/wiki/Bucks_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Bucks County, Pennsylvania">Bucks County, Pennsylvania</a> across the icy Delaware River to today's <a href="/wiki/Mercer_County,_New_Jersey" title="Mercer County, New Jersey">Mercer County, New Jersey</a> in what was one of the Revolutionary War's most logistically challenging and dangerous clandestine operations. </p><p>Other planned crossings in support of the operation were either called off or ineffective, but this did not prevent Washington from surprising and defeating the Hessian troops encamped in Trenton under the command of <a href="/wiki/Johann_Rall" title="Johann Rall">Johann Rall</a>. After prevailing in the Battle of Trenton, Washington and his Continental Army troops crossed the Delaware River again, returning to <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a> west-bound with Hessian prisoners and military stores taken in the battle. </p><p>Washington's army then crossed the Delaware River a third time at the end of 1776 under difficult circumstances by the uncertain thickness of the ice on the river. They <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Assunpink_Creek" title="Battle of the Assunpink Creek">defeated British reinforcements</a> under <a href="/wiki/Charles_Cornwallis,_1st_Marquess_Cornwallis" title="Charles Cornwallis, 1st Marquess Cornwallis">Lord Cornwallis</a> at Trenton on January 2, 1777, and were also <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Princeton" title="Battle of Princeton">triumphant over his rear guard</a> at <a href="/wiki/Princeton,_New_Jersey" title="Princeton, New Jersey">Princeton</a> the following day prior to retreating to his winter quarters in <a href="/wiki/Morristown,_New_Jersey" title="Morristown, New Jersey">Morristown, New Jersey</a>. </p><p>As a celebrated location and development in the ultimately victorious Revolutionary War, the <a href="/wiki/Unincorporated_area" title="Unincorporated area">unincorporated communities</a> of <a href="/wiki/Washington_Crossing,_Pennsylvania" title="Washington Crossing, Pennsylvania">Washington Crossing, Pennsylvania</a> and <a href="/wiki/Washington_Crossing,_New_Jersey" title="Washington Crossing, New Jersey">Washington Crossing, New Jersey</a> are both presently named in honor of Washington and the logistically complicated covert crossing of Delaware River. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Washington%27s_crossing_of_the_Delaware_River&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/New_York_and_New_Jersey_campaign" title="New York and New Jersey campaign">New York and New Jersey campaign</a></div> <p>Although 1776 started well for Washington and the Continental Army with the evacuation of British troops from <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a> in March, attempts to defend <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> from the British were unsuccessful. British General <a href="/wiki/William_Howe,_5th_Viscount_Howe" title="William Howe, 5th Viscount Howe">William Howe</a> and his troops landed on <a href="/wiki/Long_Island" title="Long Island">Long Island</a> in August and pushed Washington's Continental Army completely out of <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a> by mid-November, when he <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fort_Washington" title="Battle of Fort Washington">captured the remaining troops</a> on <a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDwyer19835_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDwyer19835-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The main force of British troops returned to New York for the winter season, and they left their allied Hessian troops in New Jersey under the command of Colonels Rall and Von Donop. Both colonels were ordered to form small outposts in and around <a href="/wiki/Trenton,_New_Jersey" title="Trenton, New Jersey">Trenton</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ushistory_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ushistory-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Howe then sent troops under the command of <a href="/wiki/Charles_Cornwallis,_1st_Marquess_Cornwallis" title="Charles Cornwallis, 1st Marquess Cornwallis">Charles Cornwallis</a> across the <a href="/wiki/Hudson_River" title="Hudson River">Hudson River</a>, where they chased Washington and his troops across <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a>. </p><p>Washington's army was shrinking because of expiring enlistments and desertions. The remaining troops were suffering from poor morale because of the defeats in the New York area. Most of Washington's army crossed the <a href="/wiki/Delaware_River" title="Delaware River">Delaware River</a> into <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a> north of <a href="/wiki/Trenton,_New_Jersey" title="Trenton, New Jersey">Trenton</a>, and destroyed or moved to the western shore all boats for miles in both directions. </p><p>Rather than attempting to immediately chase Washington further, Cornwallis, under Howe's orders, established a chain of New Jersey outposts from <a href="/wiki/New_Brunswick,_New_Jersey" title="New Brunswick, New Jersey">New Brunswick</a> to <a href="/wiki/Burlington,_New_Jersey" title="Burlington, New Jersey">Burlington</a>, including one at <a href="/wiki/Bordentown,_New_Jersey" title="Bordentown, New Jersey">Bordentown</a> and one at Trenton, and ordered his troops to bunker there in winter quarters.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The British were happy to end the campaign season when they were ordered to winter quarters. This was a time for the generals to regroup, resupply, and strategize for the upcoming campaign season the following spring.<sup id="cite_ref-ushistory_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ushistory-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Washington's_army"><span id="Washington.27s_army"></span>Washington's army</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Washington%27s_crossing_of_the_Delaware_River&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Washington's army"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Continental_Army" title="Continental Army">Continental Army</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Washington%27s_crossing_Delaware_River_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Washington%27s_crossing_Delaware_River_map.jpg/220px-Washington%27s_crossing_Delaware_River_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Washington%27s_crossing_Delaware_River_map.jpg/330px-Washington%27s_crossing_Delaware_River_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Washington%27s_crossing_Delaware_River_map.jpg/440px-Washington%27s_crossing_Delaware_River_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2352" data-file-height="1804" /></a><figcaption>A 1777 map of the <a href="/wiki/Delaware_River" title="Delaware River">Delaware River</a> area by <a href="/wiki/William_Faden" title="William Faden">William Faden</a> depicting the route <a href="/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">Washington</a> and his <a href="/wiki/Continental_Army" title="Continental Army">Continental Army</a> troops made during the complex and covert crossing of the river. There is no apostrophe in “the king’s troops,” although that was due to the lack of standardization. The rule regarding possessives had not yet been universally adopted.</figcaption></figure> <p>Washington encamped his <a href="/wiki/Continental_Army" title="Continental Army">Continental Army</a> near McConkey's Ferry in present-day <a href="/wiki/Upper_Makefield_Township,_Pennsylvania" title="Upper Makefield Township, Pennsylvania">Upper Makefield Township</a>, not far from the crossing site. Washington at first took quarters across the river from Trenton, but on December 15 he moved his headquarters to the <a href="/wiki/Keith_House_(Upper_Makefield_Township,_Pennsylvania)" title="Keith House (Upper Makefield Township, Pennsylvania)">home of William Keith</a> in present-day Upper Makefield Township so he was closer to his forces. When Washington's army first arrived at McConkey's Ferry, the Continental Army had between 4,000 and 6,000 men, but approximately 1,700 were unfit for duty and needed hospital care. In the retreat across New Jersey, Washington lost precious supplies and also lost contact with two important divisions of the Continental Army. </p><p>Two of Washington's top generals were potentially poised to aid Washington in the crossing and attack. <a href="/wiki/Horatio_Gates" title="Horatio Gates">Horatio Gates</a> was in the <a href="/wiki/Hudson_River_Valley" class="mw-redirect" title="Hudson River Valley">Hudson River Valley</a>. <a href="/wiki/Charles_Lee_(general)" title="Charles Lee (general)">Charles Lee</a> was in western New Jersey, where he had 2,000 Continental Army troops under his command.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKetchum1999208–209,_265_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKetchum1999208–209,_265-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Washington ordered both generals to join him, but Gates was delayed by heavy snows in transit to McConkey's Ferry, and Lee, who did not have a high opinion of Washington, delayed following repeated orders, and remained on the British flank near <a href="/wiki/Morristown,_New_Jersey" title="Morristown, New Jersey">Morristown</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKetchum1999249–254,_265_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKetchum1999249–254,_265-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDwyer1983130_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDwyer1983130-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other problems hampered Washington's forces. Many of his troop's enlistments were due to expire at the end of 1776, then only a week away, and many of them were inclined to leave the Continental Army when their commission ended.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFischer2006264,_270_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFischer2006264,_270-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Several Continental Army troops deserted prior to expiration of their enlistment commitment.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDwyer1983120_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDwyer1983120-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The pending loss of forces, the series of lost battles, the loss of New York, and the resulting flight of the Continental Army and many New Yorkers from the British, led some in the <a href="/wiki/Second_Continental_Congress" title="Second Continental Congress">Second Continental Congress</a> in <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a> to begin doubting the war's direction under Washington's leadership.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFischer2006136_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFischer2006136-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> But Washington persisted, successfully procuring supplies and dispatching men to recruit new members for the Continental Army,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFischer2006150–152_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFischer2006150–152-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which was successful partly because of British and Hessian soldiers' drunken behavior while in New Jersey and Pennsylvania.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFischer2006191–195_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFischer2006191–195-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The losses at <a href="/wiki/Fort_Lee_Historic_Park" title="Fort Lee Historic Park">Fort Lee</a> placed a heavy toll on Washington and the Continental Army. When they evacuated their forts, they were forced to leave behind critical supplies and munitions. Many troops were killed or taken prisoner, and the morale of the remaining troops suffered even further. Few believed that Washington and the Continental Army could win the war and gain independence.<sup id="cite_ref-ushistory_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ushistory-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Publication_of_The_American_Crisis">Publication of <i>The American Crisis</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Washington%27s_crossing_of_the_Delaware_River&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Publication of The American Crisis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/The_American_Crisis" title="The American Crisis">The American Crisis</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PaineAmericanCrisis.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/PaineAmericanCrisis.jpg/220px-PaineAmericanCrisis.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="350" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/PaineAmericanCrisis.jpg/330px-PaineAmericanCrisis.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/98/PaineAmericanCrisis.jpg 2x" data-file-width="398" data-file-height="634" /></a><figcaption>The cover of <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Paine" title="Thomas Paine">Thomas Paine</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/The_American_Crisis" title="The American Crisis">The American Crisis</a></i>, published the week before Washington's covert crossing of the Delaware, infused a much-needed sense of optimism into <a href="/wiki/Continental_Army" title="Continental Army">Continental Army</a> troops, who were beginning to doubt their ability to prevail militarily against the <a href="/wiki/British_Army_during_the_American_Revolutionary_War" title="British Army during the American Revolutionary War">British Army</a>, then the largest and most powerful army in the world. It also inspired delegates in the <a href="/wiki/Second_Continental_Congress" title="Second Continental Congress">Second Continental Congress</a>, who were troubled by recent Continental Army military defeats.</figcaption></figure> <p>On December 19, 1776, just a week prior to Washington's covert crossing of the Delaware River, the morale of the <a href="/wiki/Continental_Army" title="Continental Army">Continental Army</a> was lifted by the publication of <i><a href="/wiki/The_American_Crisis" title="The American Crisis">The American Crisis</a></i>, a pamphlet authored by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Paine" title="Thomas Paine">Thomas Paine</a>, the author of <i><a href="/wiki/Common_Sense_(pamphlet)" class="mw-redirect" title="Common Sense (pamphlet)">Common Sense</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKetchum1999210–211_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKetchum1999210–211-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <i>The American Crisis</i>, Paine wrote the famed phrase: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>These are the times that try men's souls; the summer soldier and the sunshine patriot will, in this crisis, shrink from the service of his country; but he that stands it <i>now,</i> deserves the love and thanks of man and woman. Tyranny, like hell, is not easily conquered; yet we have this consolation with us, that the harder the conflict, the more glorious the triumph.</p></blockquote> <p>The day following its publication in <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>, Washington ordered all his troops to read it. In <i>The American Crisis</i>, Paine encouraged the soldiers to look more optimistically at their prospects for victory. The pamphlet also enhanced public understanding across the <a href="/wiki/Thirteen_Colonies" title="Thirteen Colonies">Thirteen Colonies</a> of the challenging conditions confronting the Continental Army but arguing that victory was possible and necessary.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKetchum1999295_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKetchum1999295-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reinforcements_arrive">Reinforcements arrive</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Washington%27s_crossing_of_the_Delaware_River&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Reinforcements arrive"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On December 20, General Lee's division of 2,000 troops arrived in Washington's camp under the command of General <a href="/wiki/John_Sullivan_(general)" title="John Sullivan (general)">John Sullivan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKetchum1999290_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKetchum1999290-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lee was captured by the British on December 12, when he ventured too far outside the protection of his troops in search of more comfortable lodgings.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDwyer1983141–145_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDwyer1983141–145-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later that day, Gates' division arrived in camp, which by then included only 600 Continental Army forces following the end of many enlistments, to secure the northern frontier.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKetchum1999290_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKetchum1999290-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Soon after, another 1,000 Continental Army troops arrived from <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a> under Colonel <a href="/wiki/John_Cadwalader_(general)" title="John Cadwalader (general)">John Cadwalader</a>'s command to support Washington and the existing troops he then was commanding. </p><p>With these reinforcements and a smaller number of local volunteers who joined his forces, Washington's forces totaled about 6,000 troops fit for duty. This total was then reduced by a large portion because some forces were detailed to guard the ferries at Dunk's Ferry, currently bordered by present-day <a href="/wiki/Neshaminy_State_Park" title="Neshaminy State Park">Neshaminy State Park</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bensalem_Township,_Pennsylvania" title="Bensalem Township, Pennsylvania">Bensalem Township, Pennsylvania</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_Hope,_Pennsylvania" title="New Hope, Pennsylvania">New Hope, Pennsylvania</a>. Another group was sent to protect supplies at <a href="/wiki/Newtown,_Bucks_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Newtown, Bucks County, Pennsylvania">Newtown, Pennsylvania</a>, and to guard the sick and wounded who had to remain behind as the Continental Army began crossing the Delaware River.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFischer2006191–195_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFischer2006191–195-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This left Washington with about 2,400 men able to take offensive action against the Hessian and British troops in and around Trenton.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFischer2006208_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFischer2006208-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Continental Army's morale was boosted further by the arrival of some provisions, including much-needed blankets, on December 24.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFischer2006156_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFischer2006156-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Planning_the_attack">Planning the attack</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Washington%27s_crossing_of_the_Delaware_River&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Planning the attack"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1819_Passage_OfThe_Delaware_byThomasSully_MFABoston.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/1819_Passage_OfThe_Delaware_byThomasSully_MFABoston.jpeg/220px-1819_Passage_OfThe_Delaware_byThomasSully_MFABoston.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/1819_Passage_OfThe_Delaware_byThomasSully_MFABoston.jpeg/330px-1819_Passage_OfThe_Delaware_byThomasSully_MFABoston.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/1819_Passage_OfThe_Delaware_byThomasSully_MFABoston.jpeg/440px-1819_Passage_OfThe_Delaware_byThomasSully_MFABoston.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1452" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/The_Passage_of_the_Delaware" title="The Passage of the Delaware">The Passage of the Delaware</a></i>, an 1819 portrait depicting the crossing by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Sully" title="Thomas Sully">Thomas Sully</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Washington was considering some form of bold maneuver since arriving in Pennsylvania. With the arrival of Sullivan's and Gates' forces and the influx of militia companies, he felt the time was finally right for some sort of action. </p><p>Washington first considered an attack on the southernmost British positions near <a href="/wiki/Mount_Holly_Township,_New_Jersey" class="mw-redirect" title="Mount Holly Township, New Jersey">Mount Holly</a>, where a <a href="/wiki/Continental_Army" title="Continental Army">Continental Army</a> militia force had gathered. He sent his adjutant <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Reed_(politician)" title="Joseph Reed (politician)">Joseph Reed</a> to meet with <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Griffin" title="Samuel Griffin">Samuel Griffin</a>, the militia's commander. Reed arrived in Mount Holly on December 22, and found Griffin to be ill and his men in relatively poor condition, but willing to undertake some form of military diversion.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDwyer1983210_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDwyer1983210-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They did this at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Iron_Works_Hill" title="Battle of Iron Works Hill">Battle of Iron Works Hill</a> the next day, drawing the Hessians at <a href="/wiki/Bordentown,_New_Jersey" title="Bordentown, New Jersey">Bordentown</a> far enough south that they would be unable to come to the assistance of the Trenton garrison.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDwyer1983216–217_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDwyer1983216–217-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The intelligence gathered by Reed and others led Washington to abandon the idea of attacking at Mount Holly, and he began focusing instead on targeting the Hessian garrison in Trenton. </p><p>On December 23, Washington announced to his staff that he had decided to attack Trenton just prior to sunrise on December 26.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDwyer1983211–212_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDwyer1983211–212-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Washington told Reed that "dire necessity" justified the risky assault, which included the logistically complicated task of crossing the Delaware River.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Washington's final plan included plans for three crossings of the river, with his troops, the largest contingent, to lead the attack on Trenton. A second column under Cadwalader was to cross at Dunk's Ferry and create a diversion to the south. A third column under Brigadier General <a href="/wiki/James_Ewing_(Pennsylvania_politician)" title="James Ewing (Pennsylvania politician)">James Ewing</a> was to cross at Trenton Ferry and hold the bridge across the <a href="/wiki/Assunpink_Creek" title="Assunpink Creek">Assunpink Creek</a>, just south of Trenton, in order to prevent the enemy's escape by that route. Once Trenton was secure, the combined Continental Army would move against the British posts in <a href="/wiki/Princeton,_New_Jersey" title="Princeton, New Jersey">Princeton</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_Brunswick,_New_Jersey" title="New Brunswick, New Jersey">New Brunswick</a>. A planned fourth crossing, by men provided by General <a href="/wiki/Israel_Putnam" title="Israel Putnam">Israel Putnam</a> to assist Cadwalader, was aborted after Putnam indicated that he did not feel he had enough men fit for such a military operation.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDwyer1983212–213_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDwyer1983212–213-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Preparations for the attack began immediately, on December 23. The following day, on December 24, boats were used to begin bringing the Continental Army across the Delaware from New Jersey were brought down from Malta Island near present-day <a href="/wiki/New_Hope,_Pennsylvania" title="New Hope, Pennsylvania">New Hope, Pennsylvania</a>. The boats were hidden behind Taylor Island at McConkey's Ferry, Washington's planned crossing site, and security was tightened at and around the crossing. A final planning meeting took place that day, with all of the general officers present. Washington outlined the details plans for the crossing of the river and planned attacks on the Hessians in Trenton on December 25, 1776<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKetchum1999293_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKetchum1999293-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Watercraft">Watercraft</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Washington%27s_crossing_of_the_Delaware_River&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Watercraft"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:WashingtonCrossingReenactment2005.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/WashingtonCrossingReenactment2005.jpg/220px-WashingtonCrossingReenactment2005.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/WashingtonCrossingReenactment2005.jpg/330px-WashingtonCrossingReenactment2005.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/WashingtonCrossingReenactment2005.jpg/440px-WashingtonCrossingReenactment2005.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Reenactors cross the <a href="/wiki/Delaware_River" title="Delaware River">Delaware</a> in <a href="/wiki/Durham_boat" title="Durham boat">Durham boats</a> on December 25, 2005</figcaption></figure> <p>A wide variety of watercraft were assembled for the crossing of the <a href="/wiki/Delaware_River" title="Delaware River">Delaware River</a>, primarily through the work of militia men from surrounding counties in <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a> with assistance from the <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Navy" title="Pennsylvania Navy">Pennsylvania Navy</a>. </p><p>Captain <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Bray" title="Daniel Bray">Daniel Bray</a>, along with Captain Jacob Gearhart and Captain Jacob Ten Eyck, were chosen by Washington to take charge of the boats used in the crossing, supervising the transport of infantry, cavalry, and cannon. In addition to the large ferry vessels, which were big enough to carry large coaches, and likely served for carrying horses and artillery during the crossing, a large number of <a href="/wiki/Durham_boat" title="Durham boat">Durham boats</a> were used to transport soldiers across the river. These boats were designed to carry heavy loads from the Durham Iron Works, featured high sides and a shallow draft, and could be poled across the river.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFischer2006216_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFischer2006216-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The boats were operated by experienced watermen, including <a href="/wiki/John_Glover_(general)" title="John Glover (general)">John Glover</a>'s <a href="/wiki/14th_Continental_Regiment" title="14th Continental Regiment">Marblehead Regiment</a>, a company of experienced seamen from <a href="/wiki/Marblehead,_Massachusetts" title="Marblehead, Massachusetts">Marblehead, Massachusetts</a>. These men were joined by seamen, dockworkers, and shipbuilders from <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a> and local ferry operators and boatsmen who knew the Delaware River well, including Kirby Francis Kane from Rhode Island.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFischer2006217_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFischer2006217-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Crossing">Crossing</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Washington%27s_crossing_of_the_Delaware_River&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Crossing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:HenryKnox.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/HenryKnox.jpg/220px-HenryKnox.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="287" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/HenryKnox.jpg/330px-HenryKnox.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/HenryKnox.jpg/440px-HenryKnox.jpg 2x" data-file-width="716" data-file-height="935" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Henry_Knox" title="Henry Knox">Henry Knox</a>, Washington's chief of artillery</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Battle-of-Trenton.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Battle-of-Trenton.jpg/220px-Battle-of-Trenton.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Battle-of-Trenton.jpg/330px-Battle-of-Trenton.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Battle-of-Trenton.jpg/440px-Battle-of-Trenton.jpg 2x" data-file-width="986" data-file-height="740" /></a><figcaption>Map showing Washington's movements on the night of December 25–26, 1776, prior to his successful surprise attack in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Trenton" title="Battle of Trenton">Battle of Trenton</a></figcaption></figure> <p>On the morning of December 25, Washington ordered his Continental Army troops to prepare three days' food and issued orders that every soldier be outfitted with fresh flints for their muskets.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFischer2006206_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFischer2006206-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Washington was somewhat worried by intelligence reports that the British were planning their own crossing once the Delaware was frozen over. At 4 pm on December 25, Washington's army arrived to begin the crossing of the river. The troops were issued ammunition, and even the officers and musicians were ordered to carry muskets. They were told that they were departing on a secret mission.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFischer2006207_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFischer2006207-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Marching eight abreast in close formations and ordered to be as quiet as possible, they left the camp for McConkey's Ferry.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFischer2006208_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFischer2006208-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Washington's plan required the crossing to begin as soon as it was dark enough to conceal their movements on the river, but most of the troops did not reach the crossing point until about 6 pm, about ninety minutes after sunset.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFischer2006210_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFischer2006210-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As the evening progressed, the weather became progressively worse, turning from drizzle to rain and then to sleet and snow. "It blew a hurricane," one soldier recalled.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFischer2006212_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFischer2006212-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Washington had given charge of the crossing to his chief of artillery, <a href="/wiki/Henry_Knox" title="Henry Knox">Henry Knox</a>. In addition to the crossing of large numbers of troops (most of whom could not swim), he had to safely transport horses and eighteen pieces of artillery over the river. Knox wrote that the crossing was accomplished "with almost infinite difficulty", and that its most significant danger was floating ice in the river.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFischer2006218_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFischer2006218-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One observer noted that the whole operation might well have failed "but for the <a href="/wiki/Stentor" title="Stentor">stentorian</a> lungs of Colonel Knox".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFischer2006218_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFischer2006218-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The unusually cold weather of the 1770s and the icy river were likely related to the <a href="/wiki/Little_Ice_Age" title="Little Ice Age">Little Ice Age</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Washington was among the first of the troops to cross, going with Virginia troops led by General <a href="/wiki/Adam_Stephen" title="Adam Stephen">Adam Stephen</a>. These troops formed a sentry line around the landing area in New Jersey, with strict instructions that no one was to pass through. The password was "Victory or Death".<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFischer2006220_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFischer2006220-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The rest of the army crossed without significant incident, although a few men, including Delaware's Colonel <a href="/wiki/John_Haslet" title="John Haslet">John Haslet</a>, fell into the water.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFischer2006219_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFischer2006219-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The amount of ice on the river prevented the artillery from finishing the crossing until 3 am on December 26. The troops were ready to march around 4 am.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The two other crossings fared less well. The treacherous weather and <a href="/wiki/Ice_jam" title="Ice jam">ice jams</a> on the river stopped General Ewing from even attempting a crossing below Trenton. Colonel Cadwalader crossed a significant portion of his men to New Jersey, but when he found that he could not get his artillery across the river he recalled his men from New Jersey. When he received word about Washington's victory, he crossed his men over again but retreated when he found out that Washington had not stayed in New Jersey.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKetchum1999321–322_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKetchum1999321–322-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Attack">Attack</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Washington%27s_crossing_of_the_Delaware_River&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Attack"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Trenton" title="Battle of Trenton">Battle of Trenton</a></div> <p>On the morning of December 26, as soon as the <a href="/wiki/Continental_Army" title="Continental Army">Continental Army</a> was ready, Washington ordered it split into two columns, one Washington personally commanded with General Greene, and a second led by General Sullivan. The Sullivan column would take <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_Route_29" title="New Jersey Route 29">River Road</a> from <a href="/wiki/Bear_Tavern,_New_Jersey" title="Bear Tavern, New Jersey">Bear Tavern</a> to Trenton while Washington's column would follow <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_Route_31" title="New Jersey Route 31">Pennington Road</a>, a parallel route that lay a few miles inland from the <a href="/wiki/Delaware_River" title="Delaware River">Delaware River</a>. </p><p>Meanwhile, the <a href="/wiki/Hessian_(soldier)" title="Hessian (soldier)">Hessians</a> were held up at Trenton. In the days approaching <a href="/wiki/Christmas" title="Christmas">Christmas</a>, they experienced numerous skirmishes around Trenton, and were subjected to frequent gunfire at night, along with repeated false alarms. By Christmas Eve, the Hessians were tired and weary. As a storm and heavy snowfall began Christmas night, Colonel Rall assumed there would be no attack of any consequence to worry about. While Rall was in Trenton, he and some of his top officers spent Christmas evening at the home of <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Hunt" title="Abraham Hunt">Abraham Hunt</a>, Trenton's postmaster, where Hunt played the role of a Loyalist and placated Rall and his officers with food and plenty of drink into the late hours of the evening and morning, which, by many accounts, compromised Rall's ability to respond to Washington's surprise attack at daybreak.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStryker1898122Schuyler1929158Fischer2006248,_255_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStryker1898122Schuyler1929158Fischer2006248,_255-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Washington attacked an unsuspecting Rall and his troops and in little time had scattered and divided them and ultimately won the battle. Only three Americans were killed and six wounded, while 22 Hessians were killed, with 98 wounded.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrocker200659_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrocker200659-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the battle Colonel Rall was mortally wounded, and died the next day. The Americans captured nearly 1,000 prisoners, and seized muskets, gunpowder, artillery pieces, and <a href="/wiki/Military_drums" title="Military drums">drums</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrocker200659_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrocker200659-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcCullough2005281_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcCullough2005281-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Return_to_Pennsylvania">Return to Pennsylvania</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Washington%27s_crossing_of_the_Delaware_River&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Return to Pennsylvania"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Following the battle, Washington had to execute a second crossing that was in some ways more difficult than the first. In the aftermath of the battle, the Hessian supplies had been plundered, and, in spite of Washington's explicit orders for its destruction, casks of captured rum were opened, so some of the celebrating troops got drunk,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFischer2006256_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFischer2006256-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> probably contributing to the larger number of troops that had to be pulled from the icy Delaware River waters on the return crossing.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFischer2006257_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFischer2006257-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They also had to transport the large numbers of prisoners across the river while keeping them under guard. One American acting as a guard on one of the crossings observed that the Hessians, who were standing in knee-deep ice water, were "so cold that their underjaws quivered like an aspen leaf."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFischer2006259_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFischer2006259-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The victory had a marked effect on the troops' morale. Soldiers celebrated the victory, Washington's role as a leader was secured, and Congress gained renewed enthusiasm for the war.<sup id="cite_ref-ushistory_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ushistory-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Third_crossing">Third crossing</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Washington%27s_crossing_of_the_Delaware_River&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Third crossing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Assunpink_Creek" title="Battle of the Assunpink Creek">Battle of the Assunpink Creek</a> and <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Princeton" title="Battle of Princeton">Battle of Princeton</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Glover-statue.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Glover-statue.jpg/220px-Glover-statue.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Glover-statue.jpg/330px-Glover-statue.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Glover-statue.jpg/440px-Glover-statue.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="1280" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_John_Glover" title="Statue of John Glover">Statue of John Glover</a> in <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Death_of_General_Mercer_at_the_Battle_of_Princeton_January_3_1777.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/The_Death_of_General_Mercer_at_the_Battle_of_Princeton_January_3_1777.jpeg/220px-The_Death_of_General_Mercer_at_the_Battle_of_Princeton_January_3_1777.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/The_Death_of_General_Mercer_at_the_Battle_of_Princeton_January_3_1777.jpeg/330px-The_Death_of_General_Mercer_at_the_Battle_of_Princeton_January_3_1777.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/The_Death_of_General_Mercer_at_the_Battle_of_Princeton_January_3_1777.jpeg/440px-The_Death_of_General_Mercer_at_the_Battle_of_Princeton_January_3_1777.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2005" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/The_Death_of_General_Mercer_at_the_Battle_of_Princeton,_January_3,_1777" title="The Death of General Mercer at the Battle of Princeton, January 3, 1777">The Death of General Mercer at the Battle of Princeton</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/John_Trumbull" title="John Trumbull">John Trumbull</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In a war council on December 27, Washington learned that all of the British and Hessian forces had withdrawn as far north as Princeton, something Cadwalader had learned when his militia company crossed the river that morning. In his letter, Cadwalader proposed that the British could be driven entirely from the area, magnifying the victory. After much debate, the council decided on action and planned a third crossing for December 29. On December 28 it snowed, but the weather cleared that night, although its remained bitter cold. </p><p>As this effort involved most of the army, eight crossing points were used. At some of crossing points, the ice had frozen two to three inches (4 to 7 cm) thick and was capable of supporting soldiers, who crossed the ice on foot. At other crossings, the conditions were so bad that the attempts were abandoned for the day. It was <a href="/wiki/New_Year%27s_Eve" title="New Year's Eve">New Year's Eve</a> before the army and all of its baggage was back in New Jersey.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFischer2006265–268_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFischer2006265–268-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was somewhat fortunate, as the enlistment period of John Glover's regiment, along with a significant number of others, was expiring at the end of the year, and many of these men, including most of Glover's, wanted to go home, where a lucrative <a href="/wiki/Privateer" title="Privateer">privateering</a> trade awaited them.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFischer2006270_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFischer2006270-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Only by offering a bounty to be paid immediately from Congressional coffers in Philadelphia did a significant number of men agree to stay with the army another six weeks.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFischer2006273–275_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFischer2006273–275-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Washington then adopted a fortified position just south of the Assunpink Creek, across the creek from Trenton.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKetchum1999276_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKetchum1999276-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In this position, he <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Assunpink_Creek" title="Battle of the Assunpink Creek">beat back one assault</a> on January 2, 1777, which he followed up with <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Princeton" title="Battle of Princeton">a decisive victory</a> at Princeton the next day, although General <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Mercer" title="Hugh Mercer">Hugh Mercer</a> was killed in the battle.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the following days, the British withdrew to New Brunswick, and the Continental Army entered winter quarters in <a href="/wiki/Morristown,_New_Jersey" title="Morristown, New Jersey">Morristown, New Jersey</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKetchum1999286–322_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKetchum1999286–322-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Washington%27s_crossing_of_the_Delaware_River&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Washington_Crossing_State_Park,_NJ_view_of_Delaware_River.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Washington_Crossing_State_Park%2C_NJ_view_of_Delaware_River.jpg/220px-Washington_Crossing_State_Park%2C_NJ_view_of_Delaware_River.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Washington_Crossing_State_Park%2C_NJ_view_of_Delaware_River.jpg/330px-Washington_Crossing_State_Park%2C_NJ_view_of_Delaware_River.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Washington_Crossing_State_Park%2C_NJ_view_of_Delaware_River.jpg/440px-Washington_Crossing_State_Park%2C_NJ_view_of_Delaware_River.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1131" data-file-height="1696" /></a><figcaption>The landing area of Washington and his troops at <a href="/wiki/Washington_Crossing_State_Park" title="Washington Crossing State Park">Washington Crossing State Park</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:James_Monroe_(1758-1831).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/James_Monroe_%281758-1831%29.jpg/220px-James_Monroe_%281758-1831%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="245" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/James_Monroe_%281758-1831%29.jpg/330px-James_Monroe_%281758-1831%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/James_Monroe_%281758-1831%29.jpg/440px-James_Monroe_%281758-1831%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1076" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/James_Monroe" title="James Monroe">James Monroe</a>, along with <a href="/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">George Washington</a> one of the two future <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">U.S. presidents</a> who took part in the crossing</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:George_Washington_by_Mahlon_Dickerson_Eyre,_Trenton,_NJ_-_front_view.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/George_Washington_by_Mahlon_Dickerson_Eyre%2C_Trenton%2C_NJ_-_front_view.jpg/220px-George_Washington_by_Mahlon_Dickerson_Eyre%2C_Trenton%2C_NJ_-_front_view.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/George_Washington_by_Mahlon_Dickerson_Eyre%2C_Trenton%2C_NJ_-_front_view.jpg/330px-George_Washington_by_Mahlon_Dickerson_Eyre%2C_Trenton%2C_NJ_-_front_view.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/George_Washington_by_Mahlon_Dickerson_Eyre%2C_Trenton%2C_NJ_-_front_view.jpg/440px-George_Washington_by_Mahlon_Dickerson_Eyre%2C_Trenton%2C_NJ_-_front_view.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1605" data-file-height="2140" /></a><figcaption><i>George Washington</i> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1876</span>), a statue by <a href="/wiki/Mahlon_Dickerson_Eyre" title="Mahlon Dickerson Eyre">Mahlon Dickerson Eyre</a> in Trenton</figcaption></figure> <p>At the time of the crossing, Washington's army included a significant number of people who played important roles in the formation of what ultimately became the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, including future <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">U.S. president</a> <a href="/wiki/James_Monroe" title="James Monroe">James Monroe</a>, future <a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_the_United_States" title="Chief Justice of the United States">Chief Justice of the United States</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Marshall" title="John Marshall">John Marshall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Hamilton" title="Alexander Hamilton">Alexander Hamilton</a>, the first <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Treasury" title="United States Secretary of the Treasury">U.S. Secretary of the Treasury</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arthur_St._Clair" title="Arthur St. Clair">Arthur St. Clair</a>, who later served as <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Continental_Congress" title="President of the Continental Congress">President of the Continental Congress</a> and Governor of the <a href="/wiki/Northwest_Territory" title="Northwest Territory">Northwest Territory</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/John_Gano" title="John Gano">John Gano</a>, a brigade chaplain and friend of <a href="/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">George Washington</a>, who later served as the first chaplain in the <a href="/wiki/Kentucky_General_Assembly" title="Kentucky General Assembly">Kentucky state legislature</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Both sides of the Delaware River where the crossing took place have been preserved, in an area designated as the <a href="/wiki/Washington%27s_Crossing" title="Washington's Crossing">Washington's Crossing</a> <a href="/wiki/National_Historic_Landmark" title="National Historic Landmark">National Historic Landmark</a>. In this district, <a href="/wiki/Washington_Crossing_Historic_Park" title="Washington Crossing Historic Park">Washington Crossing Historic Park</a> in <a href="/wiki/Washington_Crossing,_Pennsylvania" title="Washington Crossing, Pennsylvania">Washington Crossing, Pennsylvania</a>, preserves the area in <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Washington_Crossing_State_Park" title="Washington Crossing State Park">Washington Crossing State Park</a> in <a href="/wiki/Washington_Crossing,_New_Jersey" title="Washington Crossing, New Jersey">Washington Crossing, New Jersey</a> preserves the area in <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nrhpnhl_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nrhpnhl-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The two areas are connected by the <a href="/wiki/Washington_Crossing_Bridge" title="Washington Crossing Bridge">Washington Crossing Bridge</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1851, the artist <a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Leutze" class="mw-redirect" title="Emmanuel Leutze">Emmanuel Leutze</a> painted <i><a href="/wiki/Washington_Crossing_the_Delaware_(1851_painting)" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington Crossing the Delaware (1851 painting)">Washington Crossing the Delaware</a></i>, an idealized and inspirational portrait of the crossing.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFischer20061–6_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFischer20061–6-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Fictional portrayals in film of the crossing have also been made, with perhaps the most notable recent one being <a href="/wiki/The_Crossing_(2000_film)" title="The Crossing (2000 film)"><i>The Crossing</i></a>, a 2000 television movie starring <a href="/wiki/Jeff_Daniels" title="Jeff Daniels">Jeff Daniels</a> as George Washington.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A marble statue of George Washington, sculpted by <a href="/wiki/Mahlon_Dickerson_Eyre" title="Mahlon Dickerson Eyre">Mahlon Dickerson Eyre</a> around 1876, is located in the <a href="/wiki/Mill_Hill,_Trenton,_New_Jersey" title="Mill Hill, Trenton, New Jersey">Mill Hill</a> neighborhood of Trenton. He is shown standing on a boat, symbolically representing the crossing.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An image of Washington Crossing the Delaware has also appeared on the 1999 New Jersey State Quarter and on the reverse of the 2021 Quarter. </p><p>In 1970, the <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_Veterans_Against_the_War" title="Vietnam Veterans Against the War">Vietnam Veterans Against the War</a> invoked the crossing when they marched from <a href="/wiki/Morristown,_New_Jersey" title="Morristown, New Jersey">Morristown</a> to <a href="/wiki/Valley_Forge" title="Valley Forge">Valley Forge</a>, performing <a href="/wiki/Guerrilla_theatre" title="Guerrilla theatre">guerilla theatre</a>, holding press conferences, and passing out flyers in a three-day event called <a href="/wiki/Operation_RAW" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation RAW">Operation RAW</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Washington%27s_crossing_of_the_Delaware_River&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output 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<li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Whipple" title="Prince Whipple">Prince Whipple</a>, according to legend, he accompanied <a href="/wiki/William_Whipple" title="William Whipple">William Whipple</a> and Washington on the crossing, and some believe he is the black man portrayed fending off ice with an oar at Washington's knee in the painting <i><a href="/wiki/Washington_Crossing_the_Delaware_(1851_painting)" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington Crossing the Delaware (1851 painting)">Washington Crossing the Delaware</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Crossing_the_Delaware_(sonnet)" title="Washington Crossing the Delaware (sonnet)">"Washington Crossing the Delaware" (sonnet)</a>, written in 1936 by David Shulman</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist 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Harlem Heights">Harlem Heights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pell%27s_Point" title="Battle of Pell's Point">Pell's Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mamaroneck" title="Battle of Mamaroneck">Mamaroneck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_White_Plains" title="Battle of White Plains">White Plains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fort_Washington" title="Battle of Fort Washington">Fort Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Lee_Historic_Park#Battle_of_Fort_Lee" title="Fort Lee Historic Park">Fort Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambush_of_Geary" title="Ambush of Geary">Geary Ambush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Iron_Works_Hill" title="Battle of Iron Works Hill">Iron Works Hill</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Delaware crossing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Trenton" title="Battle of Trenton">Trenton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Assunpink_Creek" title="Battle of the Assunpink Creek">Assunpink Creek</a></li> <li><a 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.reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDwyer19835-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDwyer19835_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDwyer1983">Dwyer 1983</a>, p. 5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ushistory-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ushistory_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ushistory_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ushistory_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ushistory_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141129041428/http://www.ushistory.org/washingtoncrossing/history/crossing.htm">"Washington's Crossing"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ushistory.org/washingtoncrossing/history/crossing.htm">the original</a> on 2014-11-29.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Washington%27s+Crossing&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ushistory.org%2Fwashingtoncrossing%2Fhistory%2Fcrossing.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Washington%27s+crossing+of+the+Delaware+River" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The retreat is recounted in detail by Dwyer, pp. 24–112</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKetchum1999208–209,_265-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKetchum1999208–209,_265_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKetchum1999">Ketchum 1999</a>, pp. 208–209, 265.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKetchum1999249–254,_265-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKetchum1999249–254,_265_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKetchum1999">Ketchum 1999</a>, pp. 249–254, 265.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDwyer1983130-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDwyer1983130_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDwyer1983">Dwyer 1983</a>, p. 130.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFischer2006264,_270-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFischer2006264,_270_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFischer2006">Fischer 2006</a>, pp. 264, 270.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDwyer1983120-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDwyer1983120_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDwyer1983">Dwyer 1983</a>, p. 120.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFischer2006136-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFischer2006136_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFischer2006">Fischer 2006</a>, p. 136.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFischer2006150–152-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFischer2006150–152_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFischer2006">Fischer 2006</a>, pp. 150–152.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFischer2006191–195-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFischer2006191–195_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFischer2006191–195_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFischer2006">Fischer 2006</a>, pp. 191–195.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKetchum1999210–211-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKetchum1999210–211_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKetchum1999">Ketchum 1999</a>, pp. 210–211.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKetchum1999295-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKetchum1999295_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKetchum1999">Ketchum 1999</a>, p. 295.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKetchum1999290-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKetchum1999290_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKetchum1999290_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKetchum1999">Ketchum 1999</a>, p. 290.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDwyer1983141–145-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDwyer1983141–145_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDwyer1983">Dwyer 1983</a>, pp. 141–145.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFischer2006208-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFischer2006208_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFischer2006208_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFischer2006">Fischer 2006</a>, p. 208.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFischer2006156-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFischer2006156_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFischer2006">Fischer 2006</a>, p. 156.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDwyer1983210-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDwyer1983210_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDwyer1983">Dwyer 1983</a>, p. 210.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDwyer1983216–217-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDwyer1983216–217_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDwyer1983">Dwyer 1983</a>, pp. 216–217.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDwyer1983211–212-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDwyer1983211–212_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDwyer1983">Dwyer 1983</a>, pp. 211–212.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>The American Revolution: A Visual History</i>. <a href="/wiki/DK_(publisher)" title="DK (publisher)">DK</a> <a href="/wiki/Smithsonian" class="mw-redirect" title="Smithsonian">Smithsonian</a>. p. 132.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+American+Revolution%3A+A+Visual+History&rft.pages=132&rft.pub=DK+Smithsonian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Washington%27s+crossing+of+the+Delaware+River" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDwyer1983212–213-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDwyer1983212–213_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDwyer1983">Dwyer 1983</a>, pp. 212–213.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKetchum1999293-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKetchum1999293_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKetchum1999">Ketchum 1999</a>, p. 293.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFischer2006216-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFischer2006216_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFischer2006">Fischer 2006</a>, p. 216.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Michael W. Robbins, "The Durham Boat" <i>MHQ: Quarterly Journal of Military History</i> (Winter 2015) 27#2 pp. 26–28.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFischer2006217-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFischer2006217_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFischer2006">Fischer 2006</a>, p. 217.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFischer2006206-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFischer2006206_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFischer2006">Fischer 2006</a>, p. 206.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFischer2006207-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFischer2006207_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFischer2006">Fischer 2006</a>, p. 207.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFischer2006210-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFischer2006210_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFischer2006">Fischer 2006</a>, p. 210.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFischer2006212-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFischer2006212_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFischer2006">Fischer 2006</a>, p. 212.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFischer2006218-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFischer2006218_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFischer2006218_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFischer2006">Fischer 2006</a>, p. 218.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGlenn1996" class="citation journal cs1">Glenn, William Harold (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nagt-jge.org/doi/pdf/10.5408/1089-9995-44.4.361">"Integrating Teaching About the Little Ice Age with History, Art, and Literature"</a>. <i>Journal of Geoscience Education</i>. <b>44</b> (4): 361–365. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1996JGeEd..44..361G">1996JGeEd..44..361G</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5408%2F1089-9995-44.4.361">10.5408/1089-9995-44.4.361</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geoscience+Education&rft.atitle=Integrating+Teaching+About+the+Little+Ice+Age+with+History%2C+Art%2C+and+Literature&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=361-365&rft.date=1996&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5408%2F1089-9995-44.4.361&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1996JGeEd..44..361G&rft.aulast=Glenn&rft.aufirst=William+Harold&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnagt-jge.org%2Fdoi%2Fpdf%2F10.5408%2F1089-9995-44.4.361&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Washington%27s+crossing+of+the+Delaware+River" class="Z3988"></span><br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJoseph_P._Stoltman2011" class="citation book cs1">Joseph P. Stoltman (20 October 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7WrVewV6rOwC&pg=PA56"><i>21st Century Geography</i></a>. SAGE. p. 56. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4129-7464-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4129-7464-6"><bdi>978-1-4129-7464-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=21st+Century+Geography&rft.pages=56&rft.pub=SAGE&rft.date=2011-10-20&rft.isbn=978-1-4129-7464-6&rft.au=Joseph+P.+Stoltman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7WrVewV6rOwC%26pg%3DPA56&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Washington%27s+crossing+of+the+Delaware+River" class="Z3988"></span><br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnthony_N._Penna2010" class="citation book cs1">Anthony N. Penna (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fgz3KVBmOtkC&pg=PA285"><i>The Human Footprint: A Global Environmental History</i></a>. John Wiley & Sons. p. 285. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4051-8772-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4051-8772-5"><bdi>978-1-4051-8772-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Human+Footprint%3A+A+Global+Environmental+History&rft.pages=285&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-4051-8772-5&rft.au=Anthony+N.+Penna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dfgz3KVBmOtkC%26pg%3DPA285&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Washington%27s+crossing+of+the+Delaware+River" class="Z3988"></span><br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDonald_R._Prothero2006" class="citation book cs1">Donald R. 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Indiana University Press. p. 304. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-253-00055-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-253-00055-6"><bdi>0-253-00055-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=After+the+Dinosaurs%3A+The+Age+of+Mammals&rft.pages=304&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&rft.date=2006-07-13&rft.isbn=0-253-00055-6&rft.au=Donald+R.+Prothero&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQh82IW-HHWAC%26pg%3DPA304&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Washington%27s+crossing+of+the+Delaware+River" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ultimateflags.com/blog/password-victory-or-death/">"Password: "Victory or Death"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. 19 September 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-09-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Password%3A+%22Victory+or+Death%22&rft.date=2017-09-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fultimateflags.com%2Fblog%2Fpassword-victory-or-death%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Washington%27s+crossing+of+the+Delaware+River" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFischer2006220-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFischer2006220_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFischer2006">Fischer 2006</a>, p. 220.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFischer2006219-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFischer2006219_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFischer2006">Fischer 2006</a>, p. 219.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWashington" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">Washington, George</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?ammem/mgw:@field(DOCID+@lit(gw060337))">"George Washington to Continental Congress, December 27, 1776"</a>. <i>George Washington Papers at the Library of Congress, 1741–1799: Series 3a Varick Transcripts</i>. <a href="/wiki/The_Library_of_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="The Library of Congress">The Library of Congress</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-12-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=George+Washington+Papers+at+the+Library+of+Congress%2C+1741%E2%80%931799%3A+Series+3a+Varick+Transcripts&rft.atitle=George+Washington+to+Continental+Congress%2C+December+27%2C+1776&rft.aulast=Washington&rft.aufirst=George&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmemory.loc.gov%2Fcgi-bin%2Fquery%2Fr%3Fammem%2Fmgw%3A%40field%28DOCID%2B%40lit%28gw060337%29%29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Washington%27s+crossing+of+the+Delaware+River" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKetchum1999321–322-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKetchum1999321–322_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKetchum1999">Ketchum 1999</a>, pp. 321–322.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStryker1898122Schuyler1929158Fischer2006248,_255-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStryker1898122Schuyler1929158Fischer2006248,_255_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStryker1898">Stryker 1898</a>, p. 122; <a href="#CITEREFSchuyler1929">Schuyler 1929</a>, p. 158; <a href="#CITEREFFischer2006">Fischer 2006</a>, pp. 248, 255.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECrocker200659-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrocker200659_39-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrocker200659_39-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCrocker2006">Crocker 2006</a>, p. 59.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcCullough2005281-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcCullough2005281_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcCullough2005">McCullough 2005</a>, p. 281.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFischer2006256-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFischer2006256_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFischer2006">Fischer 2006</a>, p. 256.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFischer2006257-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFischer2006257_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFischer2006">Fischer 2006</a>, p. 257.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFischer2006259-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFischer2006259_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFischer2006">Fischer 2006</a>, p. 259.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFischer2006265–268-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFischer2006265–268_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFischer2006">Fischer 2006</a>, pp. 265–268.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFischer2006270-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFischer2006270_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFischer2006">Fischer 2006</a>, p. 270.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFischer2006273–275-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFischer2006273–275_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFischer2006">Fischer 2006</a>, pp. 273–275.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKetchum1999276-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKetchum1999276_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKetchum1999">Ketchum 1999</a>, p. 276.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>The American Revolution: A Visual History</i>. <a href="/wiki/DK_(publisher)" title="DK (publisher)">DK</a> <a href="/wiki/Smithsonian" class="mw-redirect" title="Smithsonian">Smithsonian</a>. p. 133.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+American+Revolution%3A+A+Visual+History&rft.pages=133&rft.pub=DK+Smithsonian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Washington%27s+crossing+of+the+Delaware+River" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKetchum1999286–322-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKetchum1999286–322_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKetchum1999">Ketchum 1999</a>, pp. 286–322.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fischer (2006), pp. 222, 223, 339.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bennett (2006), p. 89.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGano1806" class="citation book cs1">Gano, John (1806). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PFYwAAAAYAAJ&dq=general+glover+john+gano+delaware&pg=PA95"><i>Biographical Memoirs of the Late Rev. John Gano, of Frankfort (Kentucky): Formerly of the City of New York</i></a>. Southwick and Hardcastle.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Biographical+Memoirs+of+the+Late+Rev.+John+Gano%2C+of+Frankfort+%28Kentucky%29%3A+Formerly+of+the+City+of+New+York&rft.pub=Southwick+and+Hardcastle&rft.date=1806&rft.aulast=Gano&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPFYwAAAAYAAJ%26dq%3Dgeneral%2Bglover%2Bjohn%2Bgano%2Bdelaware%26pg%3DPA95&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Washington%27s+crossing+of+the+Delaware+River" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nrhpnhl-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nrhpnhl_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFC._E._Shedd_Jr.1960" class="citation web cs1">C. E. Shedd Jr. (August 1, 1960). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://npgallery.nps.gov/NRHP/GetAsset/NHLS/66000650_text">"National Register of Historic Places Inventory/Nomination: Washington Crossing State Park"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(pdf)</span>. <a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=National+Register+of+Historic+Places+Inventory%2FNomination%3A+Washington+Crossing+State+Park&rft.pub=National+Park+Service&rft.date=1960-08-01&rft.au=C.+E.+Shedd+Jr.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnpgallery.nps.gov%2FNRHP%2FGetAsset%2FNHLS%2F66000650_text&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Washington%27s+crossing+of+the+Delaware+River" class="Z3988"></span> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://npgallery.nps.gov/NRHP/GetAsset/NHLS/66000650_photos"><i>Accompanying two photos, from 1960</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Washington Crossing Toll Supported Bridge</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFischer20061–6-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFischer20061–6_55-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFischer2006">Fischer 2006</a>, pp. 1–6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Washington Crossing Historic Park – Frequently Asked Questions</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreiffKostrubAshton1977" class="citation web cs1">Greiff, Constance M.; Kostrub, Nanci; Ashton, Charles H. (April 1977). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://npgallery.nps.gov/NRHP/GetAsset/NRHP/77000880_text">"National Register of Historic Places Inventory/Nomination: Mill Hill Historic District"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=National+Register+of+Historic+Places+Inventory%2FNomination%3A+Mill+Hill+Historic+District&rft.pub=National+Park+Service&rft.date=1977-04&rft.aulast=Greiff&rft.aufirst=Constance+M.&rft.au=Kostrub%2C+Nanci&rft.au=Ashton%2C+Charles+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnpgallery.nps.gov%2FNRHP%2FGetAsset%2FNRHP%2F77000880_text&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Washington%27s+crossing+of+the+Delaware+River" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSullivan1970" class="citation news cs1">Sullivan, Ronald (1970-09-06). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1970/09/06/archives/war-protesters-meet-opposition-100-veterans-on-march-are-bitter.html">"WAR PROTESTERS MEET OPPOSITION"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-06-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=WAR+PROTESTERS+MEET+OPPOSITION&rft.date=1970-09-06&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Sullivan&rft.aufirst=Ronald&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1970%2F09%2F06%2Farchives%2Fwar-protesters-meet-opposition-100-veterans-on-march-are-bitter.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Washington%27s+crossing+of+the+Delaware+River" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">William C. Nell, in his 1851 book Colored Patriots of the American Revolution</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Washington%27s_crossing_of_the_Delaware_River&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBennett2006" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/William_John_Bennett" class="mw-redirect" title="William John Bennett">Bennett, William John</a> (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/americalastbesth00benn"><i>America: From the age of discovery to a world at war, 1492–1914</i></a>. Thomas Nelson. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59555-055-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59555-055-2"><bdi>978-1-59555-055-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=America%3A+From+the+age+of+discovery+to+a+world+at+war%2C+1492%E2%80%931914&rft.pub=Thomas+Nelson&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-59555-055-2&rft.aulast=Bennett&rft.aufirst=William+John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Famericalastbesth00benn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Washington%27s+crossing+of+the+Delaware+River" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrocker2006" class="citation book cs1">Crocker, H. W. III (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/donttreadonme40000croc"><i>Don't Tread on Me</i></a>. New York: Crown Forum. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4000-5363-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4000-5363-6"><bdi>978-1-4000-5363-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Don%27t+Tread+on+Me&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Crown+Forum&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-4000-5363-6&rft.aulast=Crocker&rft.aufirst=H.+W.+III&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdonttreadonme40000croc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Washington%27s+crossing+of+the+Delaware+River" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDwyer1983" class="citation book cs1">Dwyer, William M (1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dayisoursnovemb00dwye_0"><i>The Day is Ours!</i></a>. New York: Viking. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-670-11446-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-670-11446-4"><bdi>0-670-11446-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Day+is+Ours%21&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Viking&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=0-670-11446-4&rft.aulast=Dwyer&rft.aufirst=William+M&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdayisoursnovemb00dwye_0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Washington%27s+crossing+of+the+Delaware+River" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFischer2006" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Hackett_Fischer" title="David Hackett Fischer">Fischer, David Hackett</a> (2006). <i><a href="/wiki/Washington%27s_Crossing_(book)" title="Washington's Crossing (book)">Washington's Crossing</a></i>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-518159-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-518159-X"><bdi>0-19-518159-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Washington%27s+Crossing&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-19-518159-X&rft.aulast=Fischer&rft.aufirst=David+Hackett&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Washington%27s+crossing+of+the+Delaware+River" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKetchum1999" class="citation book cs1">Ketchum, Richard (1999). <i>The Winter Soldiers: The Battles for Trenton and Princeton</i>. Owl Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8050-6098-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-8050-6098-7"><bdi>0-8050-6098-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Winter+Soldiers%3A+The+Battles+for+Trenton+and+Princeton&rft.pub=Owl+Books&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0-8050-6098-7&rft.aulast=Ketchum&rft.aufirst=Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Washington%27s+crossing+of+the+Delaware+River" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcCullough2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_McCullough" title="David McCullough">McCullough, David</a> (2005). <i><a href="/wiki/1776_(book)" title="1776 (book)">1776</a></i>. Simon & Schuster. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7432-2671-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-7432-2671-2"><bdi>0-7432-2671-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=1776&rft.pub=Simon+%26+Schuster&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-7432-2671-2&rft.aulast=McCullough&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Washington%27s+crossing+of+the+Delaware+River" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Robbins, Michael W. "The Durham Boat" <i>MHQ: Quarterly Journal of Military History</i> (2015) 27#2 pp 26–28, the boat Washington used.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchuyler1929" class="citation book cs1">Schuyler, Hamilton (1929). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyoftrenton00unse/page/n9/mode/2up"><i>A history of Trenton, 1679-1929</i></a>. Princeton : Princeton University Press: The Trenton Historical Society.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+history+of+Trenton%2C+1679-1929&rft.pub=Princeton+%3A+Princeton+University+Press%3A+The+Trenton+Historical+Society&rft.date=1929&rft.aulast=Schuyler&rft.aufirst=Hamilton&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoryoftrenton00unse%2Fpage%2Fn9%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Washington%27s+crossing+of+the+Delaware+River" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStryker1898" class="citation book cs1">Stryker, William Scudder (1898). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/battlesoftrenton00stry/page/n9/mode/2up"><i>The Battles of Trenton and Princeton</i></a>. Boston : Houghton, Mifflin and Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Battles+of+Trenton+and+Princeton&rft.pub=Boston+%3A+Houghton%2C+Mifflin+and+Company&rft.date=1898&rft.aulast=Stryker&rft.aufirst=William+Scudder&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbattlesoftrenton00stry%2Fpage%2Fn9%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Washington%27s+crossing+of+the+Delaware+River" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation episode cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.libertyskids.com/story/119.html">"Across the Delaware"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Liberty%27s_Kids" title="Liberty's Kids"><i>Liberty's Kids</i></a>. Episode 119. PBS.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Liberty%27s+Kids&rft.series=Episode+119&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.libertyskids.com%2Fstory%2F119.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Washington%27s+crossing+of+the+Delaware+River" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071005103540/http://www.drjtbc.org/default.aspx?pageid=71">"Washington Crossing Toll Supported Bridge"</a>. Delaware River Joint Toll Bridge Commission. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.drjtbc.org/default.aspx?pageid=71">the original</a> on 2007-10-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-01-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Washington+Crossing+Toll+Supported+Bridge&rft.pub=Delaware+River+Joint+Toll+Bridge+Commission&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drjtbc.org%2Fdefault.aspx%3Fpageid%3D71&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Washington%27s+crossing+of+the+Delaware+River" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100330060254/http://www.ushistory.org/washingtoncrossing/">"Washington Crossing Historic Park"</a>. Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ushistory.org/washingtoncrossing/">the original</a> on 2010-03-30<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-01-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Washington+Crossing+Historic+Park&rft.pub=Pennsylvania+Historical+and+Museum+Commission&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ushistory.org%2Fwashingtoncrossing%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Washington%27s+crossing+of+the+Delaware+River" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090903140753/http://www.ushistory.org/washingtoncrossing/history/faqs.htm">"Washington Crossing Historic Site – Frequently Asked Questions"</a>. Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ushistory.org/WASHINGTONCROSSING/history/faqs.htm">the original</a> on 2009-09-03<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-01-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Washington+Crossing+Historic+Site+%E2%80%93+Frequently+Asked+Questions&rft.pub=Pennsylvania+Historical+and+Museum+Commission&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ushistory.org%2FWASHINGTONCROSSING%2Fhistory%2Ffaqs.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Washington%27s+crossing+of+the+Delaware+River" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.state.nj.us/dep/parksandforests/parks/washcros.html">"Washington Crossing State Park"</a>. New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-01-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Washington+Crossing+State+Park&rft.pub=New+Jersey+Department+of+Environmental+Protection&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.state.nj.us%2Fdep%2Fparksandforests%2Fparks%2Fwashcros.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Washington%27s+crossing+of+the+Delaware+River" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Washington%27s_crossing_of_the_Delaware_River&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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career of George Washington">Military career</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_in_the_French_and_Indian_War" title="George Washington in the French and Indian War">French and Indian War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jumonville_Glen" title="Battle of Jumonville Glen">Jumonville Glen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fort_Necessity" title="Battle of Fort Necessity">Battle of Fort Necessity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Monongahela" title="Battle of the Monongahela">Battle of the Monongahela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forbes_Expedition" title="Forbes Expedition">Forbes Expedition</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_in_the_American_Revolution" title="George Washington in the American Revolution">Washington in the American Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Army" title="Continental Army">Commander-in-chief, Continental Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington%27s_aides-de-camp" title="Washington's aides-de-camp">Aides-de-camp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Washington%27s_Headquarters_during_the_Revolutionary_War" title="List of Washington's Headquarters during the Revolutionary War">Washington's headquarters</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington%27s_tent" title="George Washington's tent">office and sleeping tent</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston_campaign" title="Boston campaign">Boston campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Boston" title="Siege of Boston">Siege of Boston</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_and_New_Jersey_campaign" title="New York and New Jersey campaign">New York and New Jersey campaign</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Delaware River crossing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Trenton" title="Battle of Trenton">Battle of Trenton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Assunpink_Creek" title="Battle of the Assunpink Creek">Battle of the Assunpink Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Princeton" title="Battle of Princeton">Battle of Princeton</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_campaign" title="Philadelphia campaign">Philadelphia campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Brandywine" title="Battle of Brandywine">Battle of Brandywine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Germantown" title="Battle of Germantown">Battle of Germantown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_White_Marsh" title="Battle of White Marsh">Battle of White Marsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valley_Forge" title="Valley Forge">Valley Forge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Monmouth" title="Battle of Monmouth">Battle of Monmouth</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battles_of_Saratoga" title="Battles of Saratoga">Battles of Saratoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sullivan_Expedition" title="Sullivan Expedition">Sullivan Expedition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yorktown_campaign" title="Yorktown campaign">Yorktown campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Yorktown" title="Siege of Yorktown">Siege of Yorktown</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culper_Ring" title="Culper Ring">Culper Spy Ring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newburgh_Conspiracy" title="Newburgh Conspiracy">Newburgh Conspiracy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Newburgh_letter" title="Newburgh letter">Newburgh letter</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asgill_Affair" title="Asgill Affair">Asgill Affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evacuation_Day_(New_York)" title="Evacuation Day (New York)">Evacuation Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington%27s_resignation_as_commander-in-chief" title="George Washington's resignation as commander-in-chief">Resignation as commander-in-chief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badge_of_Military_Merit" title="Badge of Military Merit">Badge of Military Merit</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Purple_Heart" title="Purple Heart">Purple Heart</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Before_Boston_Medal" title="Washington Before Boston Medal">Washington Before Boston Medal</a></li> <li>Horses <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_(horse)" title="Nelson (horse)">Nelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blueskin_(horse)" title="Blueskin (horse)">Blueskin</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Founding_Fathers_of_the_United_States" title="Founding Fathers of the United States">Other U.S.<br />founding events</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Association" title="Virginia Association">Initiated, co-wrote, 1769 Virginia Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairfax_Resolves" title="Fairfax Resolves">Initiated, 1774 Fairfax Resolves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Association" title="Continental Association">Continental Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Court_of_Appeals_in_Cases_of_Capture" title="Court of Appeals in Cases of Capture">Court of Appeals in Cases of Capture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Vernon_Conference" title="Mount Vernon Conference">1785 Mount Vernon Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Convention_(United_States)" title="Constitutional Convention (United States)">Chairman, 1787 Constitutional Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington%27s_political_evolution" title="George Washington's political evolution">George Washington's political evolution</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_George_Washington" title="Presidency of George Washington">Presidency</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_George_Washington_presidency" title="Timeline of the George Washington presidency">timeline)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1788%E2%80%9389_United_States_presidential_election" title="1788–89 United States presidential election">1788–89 United States presidential election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_George_Washington" title="First inauguration of George Washington">First inauguration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_Inaugural_Bible" title="George Washington Inaugural Bible">inaugural bible</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1792_United_States_presidential_election" title="1792 United States presidential election">1792 presidential election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_inauguration_of_George_Washington" title="Second inauguration of George Washington">Second inauguration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington%27s_reception_at_Trenton" title="George Washington's reception at Trenton">Reception at Trenton</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mr._President_(title)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mr. President (title)">Title of "Mr. President"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_the_United_States" title="Cabinet of the United States">Cabinet of the United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="United States Secretary of State">Secretary of State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Attorney_General" title="United States Attorney General">Attorney General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Treasury" title="United States Secretary of the Treasury">Secretary of the Treasury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_War" title="United States Secretary of War">Secretary of War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_Act_of_1789" title="Judiciary Act of 1789">Judiciary Act of 1789</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/An_act_to_regulate_the_time_and_manner_of_administering_certain_oaths" title="An act to regulate the time and manner of administering certain oaths">Oath Administration Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonintercourse_Act" title="Nonintercourse Act">Nonintercourse Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whiskey_Rebellion" title="Whiskey Rebellion">Whiskey Rebellion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Militia_Acts_of_1792" title="Militia Acts of 1792">Militia Acts of 1792</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coinage_Act_of_1792" title="Coinage Act of 1792">Coinage Act of 1792</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Mint" title="United States Mint">United States Mint</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_Succession_Act" title="Presidential Succession Act">Presidential Succession Act of 1792</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Capitol_cornerstone_laying" title="United States Capitol cornerstone laying">United States Capitol cornerstone laying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proclamation_of_Neutrality" title="Proclamation of Neutrality">Proclamation of Neutrality</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neutrality_Act_of_1794" title="Neutrality Act of 1794">Neutrality Act of 1794</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jay_Treaty" title="Jay Treaty">Jay Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinckney%27s_Treaty" title="Pinckney's Treaty">Pinckney's Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slave_Trade_Act_of_1794" title="Slave Trade Act of 1794">Slave Trade Act of 1794</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Residence_Act" title="Residence Act">Residence Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Thanksgiving_Proclamation" title="National Thanksgiving Proclamation">Thanksgiving Proclamation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington%27s_Farewell_Address" title="George Washington's Farewell Address">Farewell Address</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1790_State_of_the_Union_Address" class="mw-redirect" title="1790 State of the Union Address">State of the Union Address 1790</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1791_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1791 State of the Union Address">1791</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1792_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1792 State of the Union Address">1792</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1793_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1793 State of the Union Address">1793</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1796_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1796 State of the Union Address">1796</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_George_Washington#Administration,_Cabinet_and_Supreme_Court_appointments" title="Presidency of George Washington">Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_George_Washington" title="List of federal judges appointed by George Washington">Federal judicial appointments</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Rutledge_Supreme_Court_nominations" title="John Rutledge Supreme Court nominations">John Rutledge Supreme Court nominations</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Views and<br />public image</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fred_W._Smith_National_Library_for_the_Study_of_George_Washington" title="Fred W. Smith National Library for the Study of George Washington">Presidential library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Papers" title="The Washington Papers">The Washington Papers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_views_of_George_Washington" title="Religious views of George Washington">Religious views</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_and_slavery" title="George Washington and slavery">Washington and slavery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Town_Destroyer" title="Town Destroyer">Town Destroyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legacy_of_George_Washington" title="Legacy of George Washington">Legacy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Life and homes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington#Early_life_(1732–1753)" title="George Washington">Early life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_Birthplace_National_Monument" title="George Washington Birthplace National Monument">Birthplace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferry_Farm" title="Ferry Farm">Ferry Farm boyhood home</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Vernon" title="Mount Vernon">Mount Vernon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington%27s_Fishery" title="George Washington's Fishery">Fishery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington%27s_Gristmill" title="George Washington's Gristmill">Gristmill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington%27s_Rye_Whiskey" title="George Washington's Rye Whiskey">Whiskey distillery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodlawn_(Alexandria,_Virginia)" title="Woodlawn (Alexandria, Virginia)">Woodlawn Plantation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longfellow_House%E2%80%93Washington%27s_Headquarters_National_Historic_Site" title="Longfellow House–Washington's Headquarters National Historic Site">Longfellow House–Washington's Headquarters National Historic Site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Mansion" title="Ford Mansion">Ford Mansion, Washington's headquarters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington%27s_Headquarters_State_Historic_Site" title="Washington's Headquarters State Historic Site">Hasbrouck House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Osgood_House" title="Samuel Osgood House">First Presidential Mansion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Macomb_House" title="Alexander Macomb House">Second Presidential Mansion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President%27s_House_(Philadelphia)" title="President's House (Philadelphia)">President's House, Philadelphia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germantown_White_House" title="Germantown White House">Germantown White House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Parke_Custis#Estate" title="Daniel Parke Custis">Custis estate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington%27s_relations_with_the_Iroquois_Confederacy" title="George Washington's relations with the Iroquois Confederacy">Washington's relations with the Iroquois Confederacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potomac_Company" title="Potomac Company">Potomac Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_River_and_Kanawha_Canal" title="James River and Kanawha Canal">James River and Kanawha Canal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_Road_Lottery" title="Mountain Road Lottery">Mountain Road Lottery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congressional_Gold_Medal" title="Congressional Gold Medal">Congressional Gold Medal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thanks_of_Congress" title="Thanks of Congress">Thanks of Congress</a></li> <li>President General of the <a href="/wiki/Society_of_the_Cincinnati" title="Society of the Cincinnati">Society of the Cincinnati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_College" title="Washington College">Washington College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_and_Lee_University" title="Washington and Lee University">Washington and Lee University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_history_of_George_Washington" title="Electoral history of George Washington">Electoral history of George Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-presidency_of_George_Washington" title="Post-presidency of George Washington">Post-presidency of George Washington</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_memorials_to_George_Washington" title="List of memorials to George Washington">Memorials</a><br />and <a href="/wiki/Cultural_depictions_of_George_Washington" title="Cultural depictions of George Washington">depictions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_(state)" title="Washington (state)">Washington state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Monument" title="Washington Monument">Washington Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Rushmore" title="Mount Rushmore">Mount Rushmore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidents%27_Day" title="Presidents' Day">Washington's Birthday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purple_Heart" title="Purple Heart">Purple Heart</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Apotheosis_of_Washington" title="The Apotheosis of Washington">The Apotheosis of Washington</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Monument_State_Park" title="Washington Monument State Park">Washington Monument (Boonsboro, Maryland)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Monument_(Baltimore)" title="Washington Monument (Baltimore)">Washington Monument (Baltimore)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_George_Washington_(Houdon)" title="Statue of George Washington (Houdon)"><i>George Washington</i> (Houdon)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_(copy_of_bust_by_Houdon)" title="George Washington (copy of bust by Houdon)">plaster copy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_(Ceracchi)" title="George Washington (Ceracchi)"><i>George Washington</i> (Ceracchi)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_(Canova)" title="George Washington (Canova)"><i>George Washington</i> (Canova)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_(Greenough)" title="George Washington (Greenough)"><i>George Washington</i> (Greenough)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_(Trumbull)" title="George Washington (Trumbull)"><i>George Washington</i> (Trumbull)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_and_the_Revolutionary_War_Door" title="George Washington and the Revolutionary War Door">George Washington and the Revolutionary War Door</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_War_Door" title="Revolutionary War Door">Revolutionary War Door</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Washington_Crossing_the_Delaware_(1851_paintings)" title="Washington Crossing the Delaware (1851 paintings)">Washington Crossing the Delaware</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Passage_of_the_Delaware" title="The Passage of the Delaware">The Passage of the Delaware</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/General_George_Washington_at_Trenton" title="General George Washington at Trenton">General George Washington at Trenton</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Washington_at_Verplanck%27s_Point" title="Washington at Verplanck's Point">Washington at Verplanck's Point</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/General_George_Washington_Resigning_His_Commission" title="General George Washington Resigning His Commission">General George Washington Resigning His Commission</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Surrender_of_Lord_Cornwallis" title="Surrender of Lord Cornwallis">Surrender of Lord Cornwallis</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athenaeum_Portrait" title="Athenaeum Portrait">Unfinished portrait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lansdowne_portrait" title="Lansdowne portrait">Lansdowne portrait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Family" title="The Washington Family">The Washington Family portrait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_at_Princeton" title="Washington at Princeton"><i>Washington at Princeton</i> paintings</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Portrait_of_George_Washington_Taking_the_Salute_at_Trenton" title="Portrait of George Washington Taking the Salute at Trenton">George Washington Taking the Salute at Trenton</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reception_to_Washington_on_April_21,_1789,_at_Trenton_on_his_way_to_New_York_to_Assume_the_Duties_of_the_Presidency_of_the_United_States" title="Reception to Washington on April 21, 1789, at Trenton on his way to New York to Assume the Duties of the Presidency of the United States">Reception at Trenton painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_statues_of_George_Washington" title="List of statues of George Washington">Statues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trenton_Battle_Monument" title="Trenton Battle Monument">Trenton Battle Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princeton_Battle_Monument" title="Princeton Battle Monument">Princeton Battle Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Point_of_View_(West)" title="Point of View (West)"><i>Point of View</i> sculpture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_on_Horseback" title="George Washington on Horseback">George Washington on Horseback</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_George_Washington_(Austin,_Texas)" title="Statue of George Washington (Austin, Texas)">Austin statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_(Bartholomew)" title="George Washington (Bartholomew)">Baltimore statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equestrian_statue_of_George_Washington_(Boston)" title="Equestrian statue of George Washington (Boston)">Boston statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_George_Washington_(Mexico_City)" class="mw-redirect" title="Statue of George Washington (Mexico City)">Mexico City statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equestrian_statue_of_George_Washington_(Morristown,_New_Jersey)" title="Equestrian statue of George Washington (Morristown, New Jersey)">Morristown statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equestrian_statue_of_George_Washington_(Newark)" title="Equestrian statue of George Washington (Newark)">Newark statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equestrian_statue_of_George_Washington_(New_York_City)" title="Equestrian statue of George Washington (New York City)">New York City statue</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_George_Washington_(Wall_Street)" title="Statue of George Washington (Wall Street)">Wall Street statue</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equestrian_statue_of_George_Washington_(Paris)" title="Equestrian statue of George Washington (Paris)">Paris statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_George_Washington_(Perth_Amboy,_New_Jersey)" title="Statue of George Washington (Perth Amboy, New Jersey)">Perth Amboy statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_(Bailly)" class="mw-redirect" title="George Washington (Bailly)">Philadelphia statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_George_Washington_(Portland,_Oregon)" title="Statue of George Washington (Portland, Oregon)">Portland statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equestrian_statue_of_George_Washington_(Washington_Circle)" title="Equestrian statue of George Washington (Washington Circle)">Washington, D.C. statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Monument_(West_Point)" title="Washington Monument (West Point)">West Point monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_University" title="George Washington University">George Washington University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_University_in_St._Louis" title="Washington University in St. Louis">Washington University in St. Louis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_Masonic_National_Memorial" title="George Washington Masonic National Memorial">Washington Masonic National Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_Memorial_Parkway" title="George Washington Memorial Parkway">George Washington Memorial Parkway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_Bridge" title="George Washington Bridge">George Washington Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_and_Jefferson_National_Forests" title="George Washington and Jefferson National Forests">Washington and Jefferson National Forests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Square_Park" title="Washington Square Park">Washington Square Park</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Square_Arch" title="Washington Square Arch">Arch</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidents_of_the_United_States_on_U.S._postage_stamps" title="Presidents of the United States on U.S. postage stamps">U.S. Postage stamps</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Washington%E2%80%93Franklin_Issues" title="Washington–Franklin Issues">Washington–Franklin Issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Bicentennial_stamps_of_1932" title="Washington Bicentennial stamps of 1932">1932 bicentennial</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States_on_currency#George_Washington" title="List of presidents of the United States on currency">Currency</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Washington_quarter" title="Washington quarter">Washington quarter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/50_State_Quarters" class="mw-redirect" title="50 State Quarters">50 State Quarters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/District_of_Columbia_and_United_States_Territories_quarters" title="District of Columbia and United States Territories quarters">D.C. and territories quarters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/America_the_Beautiful_quarters" title="America the Beautiful quarters">America the Beautiful quarters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Women_quarters" title="American Women quarters">American Women quarters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_Instructing_Youth" title="History Instructing Youth">History Instructing Youth dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_one-dollar_bill" title="United States one-dollar bill">Washington dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lafayette_dollar" title="Lafayette dollar">Lafayette dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/America_the_Beautiful_silver_bullion_coins" title="America the Beautiful silver bullion coins">Silver bullion coins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_nickel" title="Washington nickel">Washington nickel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_half_eagle" title="George Washington half eagle">Washington half eagle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_250th_Anniversary_half_dollar" title="George Washington 250th Anniversary half dollar">250th Anniversary half dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Rushmore_Anniversary_coins" title="Mount Rushmore Anniversary coins">Mount Rushmore Anniversary coins</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Washington" title="Mount Washington">Mount Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_depictions_of_George_Washington" title="Cultural depictions of George Washington">Cultural depictions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_(miniseries)" title="George Washington (miniseries)"><i>George Washington</i> (1984 miniseries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_II:_The_Forging_of_a_Nation" title="George Washington II: The Forging of a Nation">1986 sequel)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_More_Perfect_Union_(film)" title="A More Perfect Union (film)"><i>A More Perfect Union</i> (1989 film)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Crossing_(2000_film)" title="The Crossing (2000 film)"><i>The Crossing</i> (2000 film)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/We_Fight_to_Be_Free" title="We Fight to Be Free"><i>We Fight to Be Free</i> (2006 film)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turn:_Washington%27s_Spies" title="Turn: Washington's Spies"><i>Turn: Washington's Spies</i> (2014–2017 series)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_War_that_Made_America" title="The War that Made America"><i>The War that Made America</i> (2006 miniseries)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_(miniseries)" title="Washington (miniseries)"><i>Washington</i> (2020 miniseries)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamilton_(musical)" title="Hamilton (musical)"><i>Hamilton</i></a> (<a href="/wiki/Hamilton_(2020_film)" title="Hamilton (2020 film)">film</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_George_Washington" title="Bibliography of George Washington">Bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_George_Washington_articles" title="List of George Washington articles">List of articles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Founders_Online" title="Founders Online">Founders Online</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Founding_Fathers_of_the_United_States" title="Founding Fathers of the United States">Founding Fathers of the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republicanism_in_the_United_States" title="Republicanism in the United States">Republicanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federalist_Party" title="Federalist Party">Federalist Party</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federalist_Era" title="Federalist Era">Federalist Era</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_dynasty" title="Virginia dynasty">Virginia dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Washington_family" title="Coat of arms of the Washington family">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mason_Locke_Weems#The_cherry-tree_anecdote" title="Mason Locke Weems">Cherry-tree anecdote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Farm#Washington_at_River_Farm" title="River Farm">River Farm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington%27s_Crossing" title="Washington's Crossing">Washington's Crossing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington%E2%80%93Rochambeau_Revolutionary_Route" title="Washington–Rochambeau Revolutionary Route">Washington–Rochambeau Revolutionary Route</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_House_(Barbados)" title="George Washington House (Barbados)">1751 Barbados trip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:George_Washington" title="Category:George Washington">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syng_inkstand" title="Syng inkstand">Syng inkstand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_of_the_Armies" title="General of the Armies">General of the Armies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conway_Cabal" title="Conway Cabal">Conway Cabal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Foxhound" title="American Foxhound">American Foxhound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Philosophical_Society" title="American Philosophical Society">American Philosophical Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Revolution" title="American Revolution">American Revolution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patriot_(American_Revolution)" title="Patriot (American Revolution)">patriots</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betsy_Ross_flag" title="Betsy Ross flag">Betsy Ross flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Vernon_Ladies%27_Association" title="Mount Vernon Ladies' Association">Mount Vernon Ladies' Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Vernon_Mansion_replicas" title="Mount Vernon Mansion replicas">Mount Vernon replicas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_Memorial_Building" title="George Washington Memorial Building">George Washington Memorial Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attempted_theft_of_George_Washington%27s_skull" title="Attempted theft of George Washington's skull">Attempted theft of Washington's skull</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Washington_family" title="Washington family">Family</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Martha_Washington" title="Martha Washington">Martha Washington</a> (wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Parke_Custis" title="John Parke Custis">John Parke Custis</a> (stepson)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_Parke_Custis" title="George Washington Parke Custis">George Washington Parke Custis</a> (step-grandson, adopted son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_Parke_Custis_Lewis" title="Eleanor Parke Custis Lewis">Eleanor Parke Custis</a> (step-granddaughter, adopted daughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustine_Washington" title="Augustine Washington">Augustine Washington</a> (father)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Ball_Washington" title="Mary Ball Washington">Mary Ball Washington</a> (mother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Washington_(1718%E2%80%931752)" title="Lawrence Washington (1718–1752)">Lawrence Washington</a> (half-brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustine_Washington_Jr." title="Augustine Washington Jr.">Augustine Washington Jr.</a> (half-brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Washington_Lewis" title="Elizabeth Washington Lewis">Elizabeth Washington Lewis</a> (sister)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Washington" title="Samuel Washington">Samuel Washington</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Augustine_Washington" title="John Augustine Washington">John A. Washington</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Washington" title="Charles Washington">Charles Washington</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Washington_(1659%E2%80%931698)" title="Lawrence Washington (1659–1698)">Lawrence Washington</a> (grandfather)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mildred_Gale" title="Mildred Gale">Mildred Gale</a> (grandmother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Washington" title="John Washington">John Washington</a> (great-grandfather)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Reade_(colonial_governor)" title="George Reade (colonial governor)">George Reade</a> (2nd great-grandfather)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bushrod_Washington" title="Bushrod Washington">Bushrod Washington</a> (nephew)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Slaves</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_enslaved_people_of_Mount_Vernon" title="List of enslaved people of Mount Vernon">List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betty_(slave)" title="Betty (slave)">Betty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caroline_Branham" title="Caroline Branham">Caroline Branham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Costin" title="William Costin">William Costin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Johnson_(Mount_Vernon)" title="Sarah Johnson (Mount Vernon)">Sarah Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oney_Judge" class="mw-redirect" title="Oney Judge">Oney Judge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Lee_(valet)" title="William Lee (valet)">William Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hercules_Posey" title="Hercules Posey">Hercules Posey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Sheels" title="Christopher Sheels">Christopher Sheels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deborah_Squash" title="Deborah Squash">Deborah Squash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Washington" title="Harry Washington">Harry Washington</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/John_Adams" title="John Adams">John Adams →</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:George_Washington" title="Category:George Washington">Category</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="New_Jersey_in_the_American_Revolution" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:New_Jersey_in_the_American_Revolutionary_War" title="Template:New Jersey in the American Revolutionary War"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:New_Jersey_in_the_American_Revolutionary_War" title="Template talk:New Jersey in the American Revolutionary War"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:New_Jersey_in_the_American_Revolutionary_War" title="Special:EditPage/Template:New Jersey in the American Revolutionary War"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="New_Jersey_in_the_American_Revolution" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_in_the_American_Revolution" title="New Jersey in the American Revolution">New Jersey in the American Revolution</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1776</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Turtle_Gut_Inlet" title="Battle of Turtle Gut Inlet">Turtle Gut Inlet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_and_New_Jersey_campaign" title="New York and New Jersey campaign">New York and New Jersey campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Lee_Historic_Park" title="Fort Lee Historic Park">Fort Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambush_of_Geary" title="Ambush of Geary">Geary ambush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Iron_Works_Hill" title="Battle of Iron Works Hill">Iron Works Hill</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Delaware River crossing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Trenton" title="Battle of Trenton">First Trenton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1777</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Assunpink_Creek" title="Battle of the Assunpink Creek">Assunpink Creek (Second Trenton)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Princeton" title="Battle of Princeton">Princeton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Millstone" title="Battle of Millstone">Millstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forage_War" title="Forage War">Forage War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bound_Brook" title="Battle of Bound Brook">Bound Brook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middlebrook_encampment" title="Middlebrook encampment">First Middlebrook encampment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Short_Hills" title="Battle of Short Hills">Short Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Red_Bank" title="Battle of Red Bank">Red Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gloucester_(1777)" title="Battle of Gloucester (1777)">Gloucester</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1778</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Quinton%27s_Bridge" title="Battle of Quinton's Bridge">Quinton's Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Monmouth" title="Battle of Monmouth">Monmouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baylor_Massacre" title="Baylor Massacre">Baylor Massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Affair_at_Little_Egg_Harbor" title="Affair at Little Egg Harbor">Affair at Little Egg Harbor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chestnut_Neck" title="Battle of Chestnut Neck">Chestnut Neck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middlebrook_encampment" title="Middlebrook encampment">Second Middlebrook encampment</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1779</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Paulus_Hook" title="Battle of Paulus Hook">Paulus Hook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jockey_Hollow" title="Jockey Hollow">Jockey Hollow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_Brigade_Encampment_Site" title="New Jersey Brigade Encampment Site">New Jersey Brigade encampment</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1780</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Connecticut_Farms" title="Battle of Connecticut Farms">Connecticut Farms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Springfield" title="Battle of Springfield">Springfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bull%27s_Ferry" title="Battle of Bull's Ferry">Bull's Ferry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1781</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Line_Mutiny" title="Pennsylvania Line Mutiny">Pennsylvania Line Mutiny</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1783</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nassau_Hall" title="Nassau Hall">U.S. Capital at Princeton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Billingsport" title="Fort Billingsport">Fort Billingsport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Mercer" title="Fort Mercer">Fort Mercer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Hays_(American_Revolutionary_War)" title="Mary Hays (American Revolutionary War)">Mary Hays ("Molly Pitcher")</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Bridge_Landing" title="New Bridge Landing">New Bridge Landing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pluckemin_Continental_Artillery_Cantonment_Site" title="Pluckemin Continental Artillery Cantonment Site">Pluckemin Cantonment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temperance_Wick" title="Temperance Wick">Temperance Wick</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div><b>See also:</b> <a href="/wiki/Crossroads_of_the_American_Revolution_National_Heritage_Area" title="Crossroads of the American Revolution National Heritage Area">Crossroads of the American Revolution National Heritage Area</a>, <a href="/wiki/Morristown_National_Historical_Park" title="Morristown National Historical Park">Morristown National Historical Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Washington_Crossing_State_Park" title="Washington Crossing State Park">Washington Crossing State Park</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Pennsylvania_in_the_American_Revolution" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Pennsylvania_during_the_American_Revolutionary_War" title="Template:Pennsylvania during the American Revolutionary War"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Pennsylvania_during_the_American_Revolutionary_War" title="Template talk:Pennsylvania during the American Revolutionary War"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Pennsylvania_during_the_American_Revolutionary_War" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Pennsylvania during the American Revolutionary War"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Pennsylvania_in_the_American_Revolution" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_in_the_American_Revolution" title="Pennsylvania in the American Revolution">Pennsylvania in the American Revolution</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1774</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carpenters%27_Hall" title="Carpenters' Hall">Carpenters' Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Continental_Congress" title="First Continental Congress">First Continental Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Association" title="Continental Association">Articles of Association</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Independence_Hall_belltower.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Independence_Hall_belltower.jpg/120px-Independence_Hall_belltower.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Independence_Hall_belltower.jpg/180px-Independence_Hall_belltower.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Independence_Hall_belltower.jpg/240px-Independence_Hall_belltower.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="3008" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1775</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Independence_Hall" title="Independence Hall">Independence Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Continental_Congress" title="Second Continental Congress">Second Continental Congress</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1776</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Provincial_Conference" title="Pennsylvania Provincial Conference">Pennsylvania Provincial Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_Resolution" title="Lee Resolution">Lee Resolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Declaration_of_Independence" title="United States Declaration of Independence">Declaration of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Constitution_of_1776" title="Pennsylvania Constitution of 1776">Pennsylvania Constitution</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Washington Crosses the Delaware</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1777</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Articles_of_Confederation" title="Articles of Confederation">Articles of Confederation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_campaign" title="Philadelphia campaign">Philadelphia campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Brandywine" title="Battle of Brandywine">Battle of Brandywine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Clouds" title="Battle of the Clouds">Battle of the Clouds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty_Bell#Early_days_(1754–1846)" title="Liberty Bell">Liberty Bell moved to Allentown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Paoli" title="Battle of Paoli">Battle of Paoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Germantown" title="Battle of Germantown">Battle of Germantown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Mifflin" title="Fort Mifflin">Siege of Fort Mifflin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_White_Marsh" title="Battle of White Marsh">Battle of White Marsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Matson%27s_Ford" title="Battle of Matson's Ford">Battle of Matson's Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valley_Forge" title="Valley Forge">Valley Forge</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1778</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Crooked_Billet" title="Battle of Crooked Billet">Battle of Crooked Billet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Barren_Hill" title="Battle of Barren Hill">Battle of Barren Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_campaign" title="Philadelphia campaign">British occupation of Philadelphia ends</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Wyoming" title="Battle of Wyoming">Wyoming Valley battle and massacre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1781</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_the_Confederation" title="Congress of the Confederation">Congress of the Confederation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Line_Mutiny" title="Pennsylvania Line Mutiny">Mutiny of the Pennsylvania Line</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1783</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Mutiny_of_1783" title="Pennsylvania Mutiny of 1783">1783 Mutiny</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="American_Revolutionary_War" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:American_Revolutionary_War" title="Template:American Revolutionary War"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:American_Revolutionary_War" title="Template talk:American Revolutionary War"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:American_Revolutionary_War" title="Special:EditPage/Template:American Revolutionary War"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="American_Revolutionary_War" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">American Revolutionary War</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div id="Origins_of_the_American_Revolution" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Origins of the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolution" title="American Revolution">American Revolution</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Philosophy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Enlightenment" title="American Enlightenment">American Enlightenment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Locke" title="John Locke">John Locke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonial_history_of_the_United_States" title="Colonial history of the United States">Colonial history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_the_United_States" title="Liberalism in the United States">Liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republicanism_in_the_United_States" title="Republicanism in the United States">Republicanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_the_United_States" title="Freedom of religion in the United States">Freedom of religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rights_of_Englishmen" title="Rights of Englishmen">Rights of Englishmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No_taxation_without_representation" title="No taxation without representation">No taxation without representation</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Common_Sense" title="Common Sense">Common Sense</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spirit_of_%2776_(sentiment)" title="Spirit of '76 (sentiment)">Spirit of '76</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/All_men_are_created_equal" title="All men are created equal">All men are created equal</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Life,_Liberty_and_the_pursuit_of_Happiness" title="Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness">Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Consent_of_the_governed" title="Consent of the governed">Consent of the governed</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expansionism" title="Expansionism">Expansionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Settler_colonialism" title="Settler colonialism">Settler colonialism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Royalists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pitt%E2%80%93Newcastle_ministry" title="Pitt–Newcastle ministry">Pitt–Newcastle ministry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bute_ministry" title="Bute ministry">Bute ministry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grenville_ministry" title="Grenville ministry">Grenville ministry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Rockingham_ministry" title="First Rockingham ministry">First Rockingham ministry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chatham_ministry" title="Chatham ministry">Chatham ministry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grafton_ministry" title="Grafton ministry">Grafton ministry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_ministry" title="North ministry">North ministry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Rockingham_ministry" title="Second Rockingham ministry">Second Rockingham ministry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shelburne_ministry" title="Shelburne ministry">Shelburne ministry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fox%E2%80%93North_coalition" title="Fox–North coalition">Fox–North coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loyalist_(American_Revolution)" title="Loyalist (American Revolution)">Loyalists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Loyalist" title="Black Loyalist">Black Loyalist</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Related British<br />Acts of Parliament</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Navigation_Acts" title="Navigation Acts">Navigation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron_Act" title="Iron Act">Iron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molasses_Act" title="Molasses Act">Molasses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Proclamation_of_1763" title="Royal Proclamation of 1763">Royal Proclamation of 1763</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugar_Act" title="Sugar Act">Sugar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Currency_Act" title="Currency Act">Currency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quartering_Acts" title="Quartering Acts">Quartering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stamp_Act_1765" title="Stamp Act 1765">Stamp</a> up i.p.o</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Declaratory_Act" title="Declaratory Act">Declaratory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Townshend_Acts" title="Townshend Acts">Townshend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea_Act" title="Tea Act">Tea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quebec_Act" title="Quebec Act">Quebec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intolerable_Acts" title="Intolerable Acts">Intolerable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conciliatory_Resolution" title="Conciliatory Resolution">Conciliatory Resolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Restraining_Acts_1775" title="Restraining Acts 1775">Restraining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proclamation_of_Rebellion" title="Proclamation of Rebellion">Proclamation of Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prohibitory_Act" title="Prohibitory Act">Prohibitory</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Colonials</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Loyal_Nine" title="Loyal Nine">Loyal Nine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stamp_Act_Congress" title="Stamp Act Congress">Stamp Act Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_Rights_and_Grievances" title="Declaration of Rights and Grievances">Declaration of Rights and Grievances</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Association" title="Virginia Association">Virginia Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daughters_of_Liberty" title="Daughters of Liberty">Daughters of Liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sons_of_Liberty" title="Sons of Liberty">Sons of Liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriot_(American_Revolution)" title="Patriot (American Revolution)">Patriots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Patriot" title="Black Patriot">Black Patriots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committees_of_correspondence" title="Committees of correspondence">Committees of correspondence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee_of_safety_(American_Revolution)" title="Committee of safety (American Revolution)">Committees of safety</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Letters_from_a_Farmer_in_Pennsylvania" title="Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania">Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Circular_Letter" title="Massachusetts Circular Letter">Massachusetts Circular Letter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suffolk_Resolves" title="Suffolk Resolves">Suffolk Resolves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Continental_Congress" title="First Continental Congress">First Continental Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Association" title="Continental Association">Continental Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minutemen" title="Minutemen">Minutemen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provincial_Congress" title="Provincial Congress">Provincial Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Continental_Congress" title="Second Continental Congress">Second Continental Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Colonies" title="United Colonies">United Colonies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olive_Branch_Petition" title="Olive Branch Petition">Olive Branch Petition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_the_Causes_and_Necessity_of_Taking_Up_Arms" title="Declaration of the Causes and Necessity of Taking Up Arms">Declaration of the Causes and Necessity of Taking Up Arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee_of_Secret_Correspondence" title="Committee of Secret Correspondence">Committee of Secret Correspondence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halifax_Resolves" title="Halifax Resolves">Halifax Resolves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_Resolution" title="Lee Resolution">Lee Resolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Declaration_of_Independence" title="United States Declaration of Independence">Declaration of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Model_Treaty" title="Model Treaty">Model Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Articles_of_Confederation" title="Articles of Confederation">Articles of Confederation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Perpetual_Union" title="Perpetual Union">Perpetual Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_the_Confederation" title="Congress of the Confederation">Confederation Congress</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_and_Indian_War" title="French and Indian War">French and Indian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1763)" title="Treaty of Paris (1763)">Treaty of Paris (1763)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston_Massacre" title="Boston Massacre">Boston Massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_credit_crisis_of_1772%E2%80%931773" title="British credit crisis of 1772–1773">British credit crisis of 1772–1773</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaspee_affair" title="Gaspee affair">Gaspee affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hutchinson_letters_affair" title="Hutchinson letters affair">Hutchinson letters affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston_Tea_Party" title="Boston Tea Party">Boston Tea Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Tea_Party" title="Philadelphia Tea Party">Philadelphia Tea Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Powder_Alarm" title="Powder Alarm">Powder Alarm</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div id="*_Combatants_*_Campaigns_*_Theaters_*_Battles_*_Events_*_Colonies" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"> <ul><li>Combatants</li> <li>Campaigns</li> <li>Theaters</li> <li>Battles</li> <li>Events</li> <li>Colonies</li></ul> </div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Combatants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/United_Colonies" title="United Colonies">United Colonies</a>/<a href="/wiki/Thirteen_Colonies" title="Thirteen Colonies">Thirteen Colonies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Congress" title="Continental Congress">Continental Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Army" title="Continental Army">Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Navy" title="Continental Navy">Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Marines" title="Continental Marines">Marines</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain" title="Kingdom of Great Britain">Kingdom of Great Britain</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Great_Britain" title="Parliament of Great Britain">Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Army#Early_British_Empire" title="British Army">British Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy#1707–1815" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germans_in_the_American_Revolution#European_allies_of_Britain" title="Germans in the American Revolution">European allies of King George III</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Colonial allies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/France_in_the_American_Revolutionary_War" title="France in the American Revolutionary War">France</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Alliance_(1778)" title="Treaty of Alliance (1778)">Franco-American Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Army" title="French Army">Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Navy" title="French Navy">Navy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roderigue_Hortalez_and_Company" title="Roderigue Hortalez and Company">Hortalez et Cie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germans_in_the_American_Revolution#American_and_European_supporters_of_Congress" title="Germans in the American Revolution">German supporters of Congress</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Campaigns and<br />theaters</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boston_campaign" title="Boston campaign">Boston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Quebec_(1775)" title="Invasion of Quebec (1775)">Quebec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia_in_the_American_Revolution" title="Nova Scotia in the American Revolution">Nova Scotia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_and_New_Jersey_campaign" title="New York and New Jersey campaign">New York and New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saratoga_campaign" title="Saratoga campaign">Saratoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_campaign" title="Philadelphia campaign">Philadelphia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_theater_of_the_American_Revolutionary_War" title="Northern theater of the American Revolutionary War">Northern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_theater_of_the_American_Revolutionary_War_after_Saratoga" title="Northern theater of the American Revolutionary War after Saratoga">Northern after Saratoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_theater_of_the_American_Revolutionary_War" title="Southern theater of the American Revolutionary War">Southern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_theater_of_the_American_Revolutionary_War" title="Western theater of the American Revolutionary War">Western</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yorktown_campaign" title="Yorktown campaign">Yorktown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_battles_of_the_American_Revolutionary_War" title="Naval battles of the American Revolutionary War">Naval battles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Major <a href="/wiki/List_of_American_Revolutionary_War_battles" title="List of American Revolutionary War battles">battles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battles_of_Lexington_and_Concord" title="Battles of Lexington and Concord">Lexington and Concord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Boston" title="Siege of Boston">Boston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Fort_Ticonderoga" title="Capture of Fort Ticonderoga">Capture of Fort Ticonderoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bunker_Hill" title="Battle of Bunker Hill">Bunker Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Quebec_(1775)" title="Battle of Quebec (1775)">Quebec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Valcour_Island" title="Battle of Valcour Island">Valcour Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Long_Island" title="Battle of Long Island">Long Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Harlem_Heights" title="Battle of Harlem Heights">Harlem Heights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fort_Washington" title="Battle of Fort Washington">Fort Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Trenton" title="Battle of Trenton">Trenton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Assunpink_Creek" title="Battle of the Assunpink Creek">Assunpink Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Princeton" title="Battle of Princeton">Princeton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Fort_Ticonderoga_(1777)" title="Siege of Fort Ticonderoga (1777)">Siege of Fort Ticonderoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bennington" title="Battle of Bennington">Bennington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battles_of_Saratoga" title="Battles of Saratoga">Saratoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Brandywine" title="Battle of Brandywine">Brandywine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Germantown" title="Battle of Germantown">Germantown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Monmouth" title="Battle of Monmouth">Monmouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_St._Lucia" title="Battle of St. Lucia">St. Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Grenada" title="Battle of Grenada">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Stony_Point" title="Battle of Stony Point">Stony Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sullivan_Expedition" title="Sullivan Expedition">Sullivan Expedition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Savannah" title="Siege of Savannah">Savannah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Siege_of_Gibraltar" title="Great Siege of Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cape_St._Vincent_(1780)" title="Battle of Cape St. Vincent (1780)">Cape St. Vincent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Charleston" title="Siege of Charleston">Charleston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Connecticut_Farms" title="Battle of Connecticut Farms">Connecticut Farms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Springfield" title="Battle of Springfield">Springfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Camden" title="Battle of Camden">Camden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kings_Mountain" title="Battle of Kings Mountain">Kings Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cowpens" title="Battle of Cowpens">Cowpens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Pensacola" title="Siege of Pensacola">Pensacola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Guilford_Court_House" title="Battle of Guilford Court House">Guilford Court House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lochry%27s_Defeat" title="Lochry's Defeat">Lochry's Defeat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Chesapeake" title="Battle of the Chesapeake">Chesapeake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Yorktown" title="Siege of Yorktown">Yorktown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Saintes" title="Battle of the Saintes">The Saintes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Other events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Staten_Island_Peace_Conference" title="Staten Island Peace Conference">Staten Island Peace Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sint_Eustatius#"First_Salute"" title="Sint Eustatius">"First Salute"</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Washington's crossing of the Delaware River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conway_Cabal" title="Conway Cabal">Conway Cabal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valley_Forge" title="Valley Forge">Valley Forge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franco-American_alliance" title="Franco-American alliance">Entry of France into war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlisle_Peace_Commission" title="Carlisle Peace Commission">Carlisle Peace Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Riots" title="Gordon Riots">Gordon Riots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Line_Mutiny" title="Pennsylvania Line Mutiny">Pennsylvania Mutiny of 1781</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Sint_Eustatius" title="Capture of Sint Eustatius">Sint Eustatius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newburgh_Conspiracy" title="Newburgh Conspiracy">Newburgh Conspiracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Mutiny_of_1783" title="Pennsylvania Mutiny of 1783">Pennsylvania Mutiny of 1783</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Related conflicts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cherokee%E2%80%93American_wars" title="Cherokee–American wars">Cherokee–American wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Anglo-Dutch_War" title="Fourth Anglo-Dutch War">Fourth Anglo-Dutch War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Anglo-Mysore_War" title="Second Anglo-Mysore War">Second Anglo-Mysore War</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Involvement <span class="nobold">(by <br />colony or location)</span></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Thirteen_Colonies" title="Thirteen Colonies">Rebel colonies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Connecticut#The_American_Revolution_(1775–1789)" title="History of Connecticut">Connecticut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delaware_Line" title="Delaware Line">Delaware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_in_the_American_Revolution" title="Georgia in the American Revolution">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryland_in_the_American_Revolution" title="Maryland in the American Revolution">Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Massachusetts#Revolutionary_Massachusetts:_1760s–1780s" title="History of Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_New_Hampshire#Revolution:_1775–1815" title="History of New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_in_the_American_Revolution" title="New Jersey in the American Revolution">New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_in_the_American_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="New York in the American Revolution">New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Carolina_in_the_American_Revolution#American_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="North Carolina in the American Revolution">North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_in_the_American_Revolution" title="Pennsylvania in the American Revolution">Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhode_Island_in_the_American_Revolution#Revolutionary_era_1775-1790" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhode Island in the American Revolution">Rhode Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina_in_the_American_Revolution" title="South Carolina in the American Revolution">South Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_in_the_American_Revolution#American_Revolution" title="Virginia in the American Revolution">Virginia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Loyal colonies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_Florida" title="East Florida">East Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia#17th_and_18th_centuries" title="Nova Scotia">Nova Scotia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Quebec_(1763%E2%80%931791)" title="Province of Quebec (1763–1791)">Quebec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Florida" title="West Florida">West Florida</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div id="Leaders" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Leaders</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">British</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Military</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mariot_Arbuthnot" title="Mariot Arbuthnot">Arbuthnot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Brant" title="Joseph Brant">Brant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Burgoyne" title="John Burgoyne">Burgoyne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Campbell,_of_Strachur" title="John Campbell, of Strachur">Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guy_Carleton,_1st_Baron_Dorchester" title="Guy Carleton, 1st Baron Dorchester">Carleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Clinton_(British_Army_officer,_born_1730)" title="Henry Clinton (British Army officer, born 1730)">Clinton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Cornwallis,_1st_Marquess_Cornwallis" title="Charles Cornwallis, 1st Marquess Cornwallis">Cornwallis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Fraser_of_Lovat" title="Simon Fraser of Lovat">Fraser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Gage" title="Thomas Gage">Gage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Graves,_1st_Baron_Graves" title="Thomas Graves, 1st Baron Graves">Graves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Howe,_1st_Earl_Howe" title="Richard Howe, 1st Earl Howe">Richard Howe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Howe,_5th_Viscount_Howe" title="William Howe, 5th Viscount Howe">William Howe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_von_Knyphausen" title="Wilhelm von Knyphausen">Knyphausen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Rodney,_1st_Baron_Rodney" title="George Rodney, 1st Baron Rodney">Rodney</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Civilian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_III" title="George III">King George III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeffery_Amherst,_1st_Baron_Amherst" title="Jeffery Amherst, 1st Baron Amherst">Amherst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Barrington,_2nd_Viscount_Barrington" title="William Barrington, 2nd Viscount Barrington">Barrington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Germain,_1st_Viscount_Sackville" title="George Germain, 1st Viscount Sackville">Germain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_North,_Lord_North" title="Frederick North, Lord North">North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Watson-Wentworth,_2nd_Marquess_of_Rockingham" title="Charles Watson-Wentworth, 2nd Marquess of Rockingham">Rockingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Montagu,_4th_Earl_of_Sandwich" title="John Montagu, 4th Earl of Sandwich">Sandwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Petty,_2nd_Earl_of_Shelburne" title="William Petty, 2nd Earl of Shelburne">Shelburne</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Colonial</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Military</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Alexander,_Lord_Stirling" title="William Alexander, Lord Stirling">Alexander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethan_Allen" title="Ethan Allen">Allen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benedict_Arnold" title="Benedict Arnold">Arnold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Barry_(naval_officer)" title="John Barry (naval officer)">Barry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Claghorn" title="George Claghorn">Claghorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Rogers_Clark" title="George Rogers Clark">Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Leb%C3%A8gue_Duportail" title="Louis Lebègue Duportail">Duportail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horatio_Gates" title="Horatio Gates">Gates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathanael_Greene" title="Nathanael Greene">Greene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Hamilton" title="Alexander Hamilton">Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esek_Hopkins" title="Esek Hopkins">Hopkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Paul_Jones" title="John Paul Jones">Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_de_Kalb" title="Johann de Kalb">de Kalb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Knox" title="Henry Knox">Knox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_du_Motier,_Marquis_de_Lafayette" title="Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette">Lafayette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Lee_(general)" title="Charles Lee (general)">Charles Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Lincoln" title="Benjamin Lincoln">Lincoln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Mercer" title="Hugh Mercer">Mercer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Montgomery" title="Richard Montgomery">Montgomery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Nicholson" title="Samuel Nicholson">Nicholson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel_Putnam" title="Israel Putnam">Putnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caesar_Rodney" title="Caesar Rodney">Rodney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_St._Clair" title="Arthur St. Clair">St. Clair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Schuyler" title="Philip Schuyler">Schuyler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Wilhelm_von_Steuben" title="Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben">von Steuben</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Sullivan_(general)" title="John Sullivan (general)">Sullivan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artemas_Ward" title="Artemas Ward">Ward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Wayne" title="Anthony Wayne">Wayne</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Civilian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Adams" title="John Adams">John Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Adams" title="Samuel Adams">Samuel Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Carroll_of_Carrollton" title="Charles Carroll of Carrollton">Carroll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Dickinson" title="John Dickinson">Dickinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin">Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hancock" title="John Hancock">Hancock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hanson" title="John Hanson">Hanson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Henry" title="Patrick Henry">Henry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Huntington_(Connecticut_politician)" title="Samuel Huntington (Connecticut politician)">Huntington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Jay" title="John Jay">Jay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Jefferson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Laurens" title="Henry Laurens">Laurens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Henry_Lee" title="Richard Henry Lee">Richard Henry Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_McKean" title="Thomas McKean">McKean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Morris_(financier)" title="Robert Morris (financier)">Morris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Revere" title="Paul Revere">Revere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Rush" title="Benjamin Rush">Rush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Witherspoon" title="John Witherspoon">Witherspoon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Colonial allies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="French" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">French</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XVI" title="Louis XVI">Louis XVI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Beaumarchais" title="Pierre Beaumarchais">Beaumarchais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Henri_Hector,_Count_of_Estaing" title="Charles Henri Hector, Count of Estaing">d'Estaing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Joseph_Paul_de_Grasse" title="François Joseph Paul de Grasse">de Grasse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luc_Urbain_du_Bou%C3%ABxic,_comte_de_Guichen" title="Luc Urbain du Bouëxic, comte de Guichen">de Guichen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne-C%C3%A9sar_de_La_Luzerne" title="Anne-César de La Luzerne">Luzerne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Donatien_de_Vimeur,_comte_de_Rochambeau" title="Jean-Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur, comte de Rochambeau">de Rochambeau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Andr%C3%A9_de_Suffren" title="Pierre André de Suffren">Suffren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Gravier,_comte_de_Vergennes" title="Charles Gravier, comte de Vergennes">Vergennes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div id="Aftermath" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Aftermath</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_the_Cincinnati" title="Society of the Cincinnati">Society of the Cincinnati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1783)" title="Treaty of Paris (1783)">Treaty of Paris (1783)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evacuation_Day_(New_York)" title="Evacuation Day (New York)">Evacuation Day (1783)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ratification_Day_(United_States)" title="Ratification Day (United States)">Ratification Day (1784)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Convention_(United_States)" title="Constitutional Convention (United States)">Constitutional Convention</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Federalist_Papers" title="The Federalist Papers">The Federalist Papers</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_United_States" title="Constitution of the United States">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Bill_of_Rights" title="United States Bill of Rights">Bill of Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shays%27s_Rebellion" title="Shays's Rebellion">Shays's Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jay_Treaty" title="Jay Treaty">Jay Treaty</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div id="*_Related_topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"> <ul><li>Related topics</li></ul> </div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Military</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prisoners_of_war_in_the_American_Revolutionary_War" title="Prisoners of war in the American Revolutionary War">Prisoners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turtle_(submersible)" title="Turtle (submersible)">The <i>Turtle</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Political</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Founding_Fathers_of_the_United_States" title="Founding Fathers of the United States">Founding Fathers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diplomacy_in_the_American_Revolutionary_War" title="Diplomacy in the American Revolutionary War">Diplomacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty_Tree" title="Liberty Tree">Liberty Tree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yankee_Doodle" title="Yankee Doodle">Yankee Doodle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Other topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_American_Revolution" title="Timeline of the American Revolution">Timeline of the American Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_the_Revolutionary_War" title="African Americans in the Revolutionary War">African Americans in the Revolutionary War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dogs_in_the_American_Revolutionary_War" title="Dogs in the American Revolutionary War">Dogs in the American Revolutionary War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intelligence_in_the_American_Revolutionary_War" title="Intelligence in the American Revolutionary War">Intelligence in the American Revolutionary War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_the_American_Revolution" title="Women in the American Revolution">Women in the American Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_costs_of_the_American_Revolutionary_War" title="Financial costs of the American Revolutionary War">Financial costs of the war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_currency_banknotes" title="Continental currency banknotes">Continental currency banknotes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Currency_dollar_coin" title="Continental Currency dollar coin">Continental Currency dollar coin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertas_Americana" title="Libertas Americana">Libertas Americana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commemoration_of_the_American_Revolution" title="Commemoration of the American Revolution">Commemoration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_about_the_American_Revolution" title="List of films about the American Revolution">film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_television_series_and_miniseries_about_the_American_Revolution" title="List of television series and miniseries about the American Revolution">television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_plays_and_musicals_about_the_American_Revolution" title="List of plays and musicals about the American Revolution">theater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independence_Day_(United_States)" title="Independence Day (United States)">Independence Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriots%27_Day" title="Patriots' Day">Patriots' Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Pulaski_Memorial_Day" title="General Pulaski Memorial Day">Pulaski Memorial Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidents%27_Day" title="Presidents' Day">Washington's Birthday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jefferson%27s_Birthday" title="Jefferson's Birthday">Jefferson's Birthday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Von_Steuben_Day" title="Von Steuben Day">Von Steuben Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minor_American_Revolution_holidays" title="Minor American Revolution holidays">Minor holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centennial_Exposition" title="Centennial Exposition">Centennial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sesquicentennial_Exposition" title="Sesquicentennial Exposition">Sesquicentennial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Bicentennial" title="United States Bicentennial">Bicentennial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Semiquincentennial" title="United States Semiquincentennial">Semiquincentennial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Children_of_the_American_Revolution" title="Children of the American Revolution">Children of the American Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daughters_of_the_American_Revolution" title="Daughters of the American Revolution">Daughters of the American Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sons_of_the_American_Revolution" title="Sons of the American Revolution">Sons of the American Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sons_of_the_Revolution" title="Sons of the Revolution">Sons of the Revolution</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charters_of_Freedom" title="Charters of Freedom">Charters of Freedom Rotunda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_the_American_Revolution" title="Museum of the American Revolution">Museum of the American Revolution</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><br /> <span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=George_Washington%27s_crossing_of_the_Delaware_River&params=40_18_0_N_74_52_24_W_region:US_type:event&title=Washington%27s+Crossing"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">40°18′0″N</span> <span class="longitude">74°52′24″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">40.30000°N 74.87333°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">40.30000; -74.87333</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Washington's Crossing</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div 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