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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nazi_crimes_and_German_colonization"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Nazi crimes and German colonization</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nazi_crimes_and_German_colonization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Polish_resistance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Polish_resistance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Polish resistance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Polish_resistance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-End_of_war" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#End_of_war"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>End of war</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-End_of_war-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" 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vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button 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Available in 24 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-24" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">24 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%AE%D8%B3%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%88_%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF" title="رايخسجاو فارتيلاند – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="رايخسجاو فارتيلاند" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reichsgau_de_Wartheland" title="Reichsgau de Wartheland – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Reichsgau de Wartheland" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reichsgau_Wartheland" title="Reichsgau Wartheland – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Reichsgau Wartheland" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wartheland" title="Wartheland – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Wartheland" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A1%CE%AC%CE%B9%CF%87%CF%83%CE%B3%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%92%CE%AC%CF%81%CF%84%CE%B5%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%84" title="Ράιχσγκαου Βάρτελαντ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ράιχσγκαου Βάρτελαντ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reichsgau_de_Wartheland" title="Reichsgau de Wartheland – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Reichsgau de Wartheland" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provinco_Vartlando" title="Provinco Vartlando – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Provinco Vartlando" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reichsgau_Wartheland" title="Reichsgau Wartheland – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Reichsgau Wartheland" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AE%D8%B3%E2%80%8C%DA%AF%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%88_%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF" title="رایخس‌گائو وارته‌لاند – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="رایخس‌گائو وارته‌لاند" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reichsgau_Wartheland" title="Reichsgau Wartheland – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Reichsgau Wartheland" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reichsgau_Wartheland" title="Reichsgau Wartheland – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Reichsgau Wartheland" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%98%D7%92%D7%90%D7%95" title="ורטגאו – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ורטגאו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rijksgouw_Wartheland" title="Rijksgouw Wartheland – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Rijksgouw Wartheland" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wartheland" title="Wartheland – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Wartheland" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A1%E3%83%AB%E3%83%86%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%88%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E7%AE%A1%E5%8C%BA" title="ヴァルテラント帝国大管区 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヴァルテラント帝国大管区" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reichsgau_Wartheland" title="Reichsgau Wartheland – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Reichsgau Wartheland" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kraj_Warty" title="Kraj Warty – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kraj Warty" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reichsgau_Wartheland" title="Reichsgau Wartheland – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Reichsgau Wartheland" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4_(%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%85%D1%81%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%83)" title="Вартеланд (рейхсгау) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Вартеланд (рейхсгау)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reichsgau_Wartheland" title="Reichsgau Wartheland – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Reichsgau Wartheland" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B9%8C" title="ไรชส์เกาวาร์เทอลันท์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ไรชส์เกาวาร์เทอลันท์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reichsgau_Wartheland" title="Reichsgau Wartheland – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Reichsgau Wartheland" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4" title="Вартеланд – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Вартеланд" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%93%A6%E5%B0%94%E7%89%B9%E5%85%B0%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E5%8C%BA" title="瓦尔特兰帝国大区 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="瓦尔特兰帝国大区" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q694187#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div 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Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Regierungsbezirk_Posen&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Regierungsbezirk Posen">Regierungsbezirk Posen</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Nazi administrative subdivision</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1048730501">.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv{border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv td,.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .mergedrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .mergedrow .infobox-full-data{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv-native{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv-flagarms,.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv-flagarms td{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv-flagarms table{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv-flagarms tbody tr:first-child td{width:50%;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}</style><table class="infobox ib-former-subdiv vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org">Reichsgau Wartheland<div class="ib-former-subdiv-native nickname"><i>Warthegau</i></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader category"><i><a href="/wiki/Reichsgau" title="Reichsgau">Reichsgau</a></i> of <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader category">1939–1945</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="noresize" style="display:table; width:100%;"> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding-left:5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Germany_(1935%E2%80%931945).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of occupied Poland"><img alt="Flag of occupied Poland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/125px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/188px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/250px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div>Flag</div> </div> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding: 0px 5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Reichsadler_Deutsches_Reich_(1935%E2%80%931945).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of occupied Poland"><img alt="Coat of arms of occupied Poland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Reichsadler_Deutsches_Reich_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/85px-Reichsadler_Deutsches_Reich_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="55" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Reichsadler_Deutsches_Reich_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/128px-Reichsadler_Deutsches_Reich_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Reichsadler_Deutsches_Reich_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/170px-Reichsadler_Deutsches_Reich_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1297" data-file-height="846" /></a></span></div> <div>Coat of arms</div> </div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:NS_administrative_Gliederung_1944.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/NS_administrative_Gliederung_1944.png/220px-NS_administrative_Gliederung_1944.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/NS_administrative_Gliederung_1944.png/330px-NS_administrative_Gliederung_1944.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/NS_administrative_Gliederung_1944.png/440px-NS_administrative_Gliederung_1944.png 2x" data-file-width="8000" data-file-height="6094" /></a></span><br />Map of <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi</a> conquest showing administrative subdivisions (<i><a href="/wiki/Gau_(country_subdivision)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gau (country subdivision)">Gaue</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Reichsgau" title="Reichsgau">Reichsgaue</a></i>) with <i>Warthegau</i> area (bright yellow, right).<div style="clear:both;" class=""></div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Occupation_of_Poland_1941.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Occupation_of_Poland_1941.png/250px-Occupation_of_Poland_1941.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="332" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Occupation_of_Poland_1941.png/375px-Occupation_of_Poland_1941.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Occupation_of_Poland_1941.png/500px-Occupation_of_Poland_1941.png 2x" data-file-width="2487" data-file-height="3307" /></a></span> <br /> Reichsgau Wartheland (burgundy) on the map of occupied <a href="/wiki/Second_Polish_Republic" title="Second Polish Republic">Poland</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Pozna%C5%84" title="Poznań">Posen</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Government</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><i><a href="/wiki/Gauleiter" title="Gauleiter">Gauleiter</a></i></th><td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1939–1945 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Greiser" title="Arthur Greiser">Arthur Greiser</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">History</th><td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Poland" title="Invasion of Poland">Establishment</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">8 October 1939</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Potsdam_Agreement" title="Potsdam Agreement">Disestablishment</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1 August 1945</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table style="width:95%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; display:inline-table;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:center; border:0; padding-bottom:0"><div id="before-after"></div> <b>Preceded by</b></td> <td style="text-align:center;border:0; padding-bottom:0;"><b>Succeeded by</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; border:0;"> <table style="width:100%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Second_Polish_Republic" title="Second Polish Republic">Second Polish Republic</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;border:0;"> <table style="width:92%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Provisional_Government_of_the_Republic_of_Poland" title="Provisional Government of the Republic of Poland">Provisional Government of the Republic of Poland</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Today part of</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Reichsgau Wartheland</b> (initially <b>Reichsgau Posen</b>, also <b>Warthegau</b>) was a <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi German</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Reichsgau" title="Reichsgau">Reichsgau</a></i> formed from parts of <a href="/wiki/Second_Polish_Republic" title="Second Polish Republic">Polish</a> territory <a href="/wiki/Polish_areas_annexed_by_Nazi_Germany" title="Polish areas annexed by Nazi Germany">annexed in 1939</a> during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>. It comprised the region of <a href="/wiki/Greater_Poland" title="Greater Poland">Greater Poland</a> and adjacent areas. Parts of <i>Warthegau</i> matched the similarly named <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Versailles" title="Treaty of Versailles">pre-Versailles</a> <a href="/wiki/Prussia" title="Prussia">Prussian</a> <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Posen" title="Province of Posen">province of Posen</a>. The name was initially derived from the capital city, <a href="/wiki/Pozna%C5%84" title="Poznań">Posen (Poznań)</a>, and later from the main river, <a href="/wiki/Warta_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Warta River">Warthe (Warta)</a>. </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Partitions_of_Poland" title="Partitions of Poland">Partitions of Poland</a> from 1793, the bulk of the area had been annexed by the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Prussia" title="Kingdom of Prussia">Kingdom of Prussia</a> until 1807 as <a href="/wiki/South_Prussia" title="South Prussia">South Prussia</a>. From 1815 to 1849, the territory was within the autonomous <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Posen" title="Grand Duchy of Posen">Grand Duchy of Posen</a>, which was the <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Posen" title="Province of Posen">Province of Posen</a> until <a href="/wiki/Second_Polish_Republic" title="Second Polish Republic">Poland was re-established</a> in 1918–1919 following <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>. The area is currently the <a href="/wiki/Greater_Poland_Voivodeship" title="Greater Poland Voivodeship">Greater Poland Voivodeship</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Establishment_and_administration">Establishment and administration</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reichsgau_Wartheland&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Establishment and administration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wartheland_Reichsgau_1944_ENG.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Wartheland_Reichsgau_1944_ENG.png/220px-Wartheland_Reichsgau_1944_ENG.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Wartheland_Reichsgau_1944_ENG.png/330px-Wartheland_Reichsgau_1944_ENG.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Wartheland_Reichsgau_1944_ENG.png/440px-Wartheland_Reichsgau_1944_ENG.png 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2524" /></a><figcaption>Counties (<a href="/wiki/Regierungsbezirk" title="Regierungsbezirk">Regierungsbezirk</a>) and districts (<a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Germany" title="Districts of Germany">Kreis</a>), 1944</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Gleiwitz_incident" title="Gleiwitz incident">Gleiwitz incident</a> and <a href="/wiki/Expulsion_of_Poles_by_Nazi_Germany" title="Expulsion of Poles by Nazi Germany">Expulsion of Poles by Nazi Germany</a></div> <p>After the German <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Wehrmacht" title="Wehrmacht">Wehrmacht</a></i></span> <a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Poland" title="Invasion of Poland"> invaded Poland</a> in September 1939, the German Reich occupied the whole of the Greater Poland area - the erstwhile Polish <a href="/wiki/Pozna%C5%84_Voivodeship_(1919%E2%80%931939)" title="Poznań Voivodeship (1919–1939)"> Poznań Voivodeship</a> - and split <a href="/wiki/Military_Administration_in_Poland" title="Military Administration in Poland"> the territory</a> between four <i><a href="/wiki/Reichsgau" title="Reichsgau">Reichsgaue</a></i> and the <a href="/wiki/General_Government" title="General Government">General Government</a> area (further east). The <i>Militärbezirk Posen</i> was created in September 1939; in accordance with a decree of 8 October 1939, Germany annexed it on 26 October 1939 as the <i>Reichsgau Posen</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Schutzstaffel" title="Schutzstaffel">SS</a> <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Obergruppenfuhrer" class="mw-redirect" title="Obergruppenfuhrer">Obergruppenfuhrer</a></i></span> <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Greiser" title="Arthur Greiser">Arthur Greiser</a> became <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Gauleiter" title="Gauleiter">Gauleiter</a></i></span> on 21 October.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He would remain in this post until the end of the war in 1945. Reichsgau Posen was renamed "Reichsgau Wartheland" on 29 January 1940. </p><p>In the new Reichsgau Posen the <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Wehrmacht</i></span> established <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Wehrkreis" class="mw-redirect" title="Wehrkreis">Wehrkreis</a></i></span> XXI, based at Poznań (<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: <i lang="de">Posen</i>), under the command of <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">General der Artillerie</i></span> <a href="/wiki/Walter_Petzel" title="Walter Petzel">Walter Petzel</a>. Its primary operational unit was the 48th <a href="/wiki/Panzer" class="mw-redirect" title="Panzer">Panzer</a> Korps, covering so-called <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Militärische Unterregion-Hauptsitze</i></span> including Posen (<a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a>: <i lang="pl">Poznań</i>), <a href="/wiki/Leszno" title="Leszno">Lissa</a> (<a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a>: <i lang="pl">Leszno</i>), <a href="/wiki/Inowroc%C5%82aw" title="Inowrocław">Hohensalza</a> (<a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a>: <i lang="pl">Inowrocław</i>), <a href="/wiki/W%C5%82oc%C5%82awek" title="Włocławek">Leslau</a> (<a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a>: <i lang="pl">Włocławek</i>), <a href="/wiki/Kalisz" title="Kalisz">Kalisch</a> (<a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a>: <i lang="pl">Kalisz</i>), and <a href="/wiki/%C5%81%C3%B3d%C5%BA" title="Łódź">Litzmannstadt</a> (<a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a>: <i lang="pl">Łódź</i>). It maintained training areas at <a href="/wiki/Sieradz" title="Sieradz">Sieradz</a> and <a href="/wiki/Biedrusko" title="Biedrusko">Biedrusko</a>. It also maintained the four main <a href="/wiki/German_prisoner-of-war_camps_in_World_War_II" title="German prisoner-of-war camps in World War II">prisoner-of-war camps</a> in the province, i.e. <a href="/wiki/Stalag_XXI-A" title="Stalag XXI-A">Stalag XXI-A</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ostrzesz%C3%B3w" title="Ostrzeszów">Ostrzeszów</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oflag_XXI-B" title="Oflag XXI-B">Stalag XXI-B</a> in <a href="/wiki/Szubin" title="Szubin">Szubin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stalag_XXI-C" title="Stalag XXI-C">Stalag XXI-C</a> in <a href="/wiki/Wolsztyn" title="Wolsztyn">Wolsztyn</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stalag_XXI-D" title="Stalag XXI-D">Stalag XXI-D</a> in Poznań,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which housed Polish, <a href="/wiki/French_prisoners_of_war_in_World_War_II" title="French prisoners of war in World War II">French</a>, British, Dutch, Belgian, Serbian, <a href="/wiki/Italian_Military_Internees" title="Italian Military Internees">Italian</a>, Soviet, American, Norwegian, Moroccan, Algerian and <a href="/wiki/French_Sudan" title="French Sudan">French Sudanese</a> prisoners of war. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nazi_crimes_and_German_colonization">Nazi crimes and German colonization</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reichsgau_Wartheland&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Nazi crimes and German colonization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Execution_of_Poles_by_German_Einsatzkommando_Oktober_1939.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Execution_of_Poles_by_German_Einsatzkommando_Oktober_1939.jpg/220px-Execution_of_Poles_by_German_Einsatzkommando_Oktober_1939.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Execution_of_Poles_by_German_Einsatzkommando_Oktober_1939.jpg/330px-Execution_of_Poles_by_German_Einsatzkommando_Oktober_1939.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Execution_of_Poles_by_German_Einsatzkommando_Oktober_1939.jpg/440px-Execution_of_Poles_by_German_Einsatzkommando_Oktober_1939.jpg 2x" data-file-width="743" data-file-height="471" /></a><figcaption>Mass execution of Poles in <a href="/wiki/Leszno" title="Leszno">Leszno</a>, 21 October 1939</figcaption></figure> <p>The territory of the Reichsgau was inhabited predominantly by ethnic Poles, by German settlers (a minority of 16.7% in 1921), and by Polish Jews. The Polish population was subjected to various <a href="/wiki/Nazi_crimes_against_the_Polish_nation" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazi crimes against the Polish nation">crimes</a>, including the <i><a href="/wiki/Intelligenzaktion" title="Intelligenzaktion">Intelligenzaktion</a></i> genocidal campaign. On 20–23 October 1939 alone, the German police and <i><a href="/wiki/Einsatzgruppe" class="mw-redirect" title="Einsatzgruppe">Einsatzgruppe</a></i> VI carried out mass public executions of some 300 Poles in various towns in the region, i.e. <a href="/wiki/Gosty%C5%84" title="Gostyń">Gostyń</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kostrzyn,_Greater_Poland_Voivodeship" title="Kostrzyn, Greater Poland Voivodeship">Kostrzyn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ko%C5%9Bcian" title="Kościan">Kościan</a>, <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B3rnik" title="Kórnik">Kórnik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Krobia" title="Krobia">Krobia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ksi%C4%85%C5%BC_Wielkopolski" title="Książ Wielkopolski">Książ Wielkopolski</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leszno" title="Leszno">Leszno</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mosina" title="Mosina">Mosina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Osieczna" title="Osieczna">Osieczna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Poniec" title="Poniec">Poniec</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C5%9Amigiel" title="Śmigiel">Śmigiel</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C5%9Arem" title="Śrem">Śrem</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C5%9Aroda_Wielkopolska" title="Środa Wielkopolska">Środa</a> and <a href="/wiki/W%C5%82oszakowice" title="Włoszakowice">Włoszakowice</a>, to terrorize and pacify the Poles.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWardzyńska2009193–198,_191–192,_199,_205–206,_211_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWardzyńska2009193–198,_191–192,_199,_205–206,_211-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During <i><a href="/wiki/Aktion_T4" title="Aktion T4">Aktion T4</a></i>, the <i><a href="/wiki/SS-Sonderkommandos" class="mw-redirect" title="SS-Sonderkommandos">SS-Sonderkommandos</a></i> gassed over 2,700 mentally ill people from the psychiatric hospitals in <a href="/wiki/Owi%C5%84ska" title="Owińska">Owińska</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dziekanka" title="Dziekanka">Dziekanka</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ko%C5%9Bcian" title="Kościan">Kościan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWardzyńska2009216–217_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWardzyńska2009216–217-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Most of the Jewish residents were eventually imprisoned at the <a href="/wiki/%C5%81%C3%B3d%C5%BA_Ghetto" title="Łódź Ghetto">Łódź Ghetto</a> (officially established in December 1939) and exterminated at <a href="/wiki/Che%C5%82mno_extermination_camp" title="Chełmno extermination camp">Chełmno extermination camp</a> (<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: <i lang="de">Vernichtungslager Kulmhof</i>, operational from December 1941 onwards).<sup id="cite_ref-Klee-Dressen-Riess_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Klee-Dressen-Riess-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From 1940, the occupiers also operated several forced labour camps for Jews in the region.<sup id="cite_ref-ekw394_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ekw394-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Due to poor feeding and sanitary conditions, epidemics spread in those camps, which, combined with frequent executions, led to a high mortality rate.<sup id="cite_ref-ekw394_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ekw394-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the order of <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Himmler" title="Heinrich Himmler">Heinrich Himmler</a>, most of the camps were dissolved in 1943, and its surviving prisoners were sent to ghettos and death camps.<sup id="cite_ref-ekw394_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ekw394-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_R_49_Bild-0131,_Aussiedlung_von_Polen_im_Wartheland.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Bundesarchiv_R_49_Bild-0131%2C_Aussiedlung_von_Polen_im_Wartheland.jpg/220px-Bundesarchiv_R_49_Bild-0131%2C_Aussiedlung_von_Polen_im_Wartheland.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Bundesarchiv_R_49_Bild-0131%2C_Aussiedlung_von_Polen_im_Wartheland.jpg/330px-Bundesarchiv_R_49_Bild-0131%2C_Aussiedlung_von_Polen_im_Wartheland.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Bundesarchiv_R_49_Bild-0131%2C_Aussiedlung_von_Polen_im_Wartheland.jpg/440px-Bundesarchiv_R_49_Bild-0131%2C_Aussiedlung_von_Polen_im_Wartheland.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="549" /></a><figcaption>Poles being led to trains under German Army escort, as part of the <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_cleansing" title="Ethnic cleansing">ethnic cleansing</a> of the areas of western Poland annexed to the <a href="/wiki/Reich" title="Reich">Reich</a> immediately following the <a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Poland" title="Invasion of Poland">invasion of 1939</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The Gauleiter and <a href="/wiki/Reichsstatthalter" title="Reichsstatthalter">Reichsstatthalter</a> of Reichsgau Wartheland, native-born <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Greiser" title="Arthur Greiser">Arthur Greiser</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Kershaw_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kershaw-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> embarked on a program of complete removal of the formerly Polish citizenry upon his nomination by <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Himmler" title="Heinrich Himmler">Heinrich Himmler</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ushmm_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ushmm-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The plan also entailed the re-settling of ethnic Germans from the <a href="/wiki/Nazi-Soviet_population_transfers" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazi-Soviet population transfers">Baltic and other regions</a> into farms and homes formerly owned by Poles and Jews.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also authorized the clandestine operation of exterminating 100,000 <a href="/wiki/Polish_Jews" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish Jews">Polish Jews</a> (about one-third of the total Jewish population of <i>Wartheland</i>),<sup id="cite_ref-thhpsb_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thhpsb-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in the process of the region's complete "<a href="/wiki/Germanization" class="mw-redirect" title="Germanization">Germanization</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-IPN_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IPN-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the first year of World War II, some 630,000 Poles and Jews were forcibly removed from <i>Wartheland</i> and transported to the occupied <a href="/wiki/General_Government" title="General Government">General Government</a> (more than 70,000 from Poznań alone) in a series of operations called the <i>Kleine Planung</i> covering most <a href="/wiki/Polish_territories_annexed_by_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish territories annexed by Germany">Polish territories annexed by Germany</a> at about the same time. Both Poles and Jews had their property confiscated.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By the end of 1940, some 325,000 Poles and Jews from the <i>Wartheland</i> and the so-called <a href="/wiki/Polish_Corridor" title="Polish Corridor">Polish Corridor</a> were expelled to General Government, often forced to abandon most of their belongings.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fatalities were numerous. Many Poles were also enslaved as <a href="/wiki/Forced_labour_under_German_rule_during_World_War_II" title="Forced labour under German rule during World War II">forced labour</a> and either sent to forced labour camps or German colonists in the region or deported to Germany and other German-occupied countries.<sup id="cite_ref-ekw394_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ekw394-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1941, the Nazis expelled a further 45,000 people, and from autumn of that year, they began killing Jews by shooting and in <a href="/wiki/Nazi_gas_van" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazi gas van">gas vans</a>, at first spasmodically and experimentally.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Reichsgau Wartheland had the population: 4,693,700 by 1941. Greiser wrote in November 1942: "I myself do not believe that the Führer needs to be asked again in this matter, especially since at our last discussion with regard to the Jews he told me that I could proceed with these according to my own judgement."<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fort_VII_Pozna%C5%84_RB10.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Fort_VII_Pozna%C5%84_RB10.JPG/220px-Fort_VII_Pozna%C5%84_RB10.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Fort_VII_Pozna%C5%84_RB10.JPG/330px-Fort_VII_Pozna%C5%84_RB10.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Fort_VII_Pozna%C5%84_RB10.JPG/440px-Fort_VII_Pozna%C5%84_RB10.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Bunker no. 16 in <a href="/wiki/Fort_VII" title="Fort VII">Fort VII</a> in Poznań, used by the German occupiers as an improvised <a href="/wiki/Gas_chamber" title="Gas chamber">gas chamber</a></figcaption></figure> <p>There were numerous camps and prisons in the province, including a <a href="/wiki/List_of_subcamps_of_Gross-Rosen" title="List of subcamps of Gross-Rosen">subcamp</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Gross-Rosen_concentration_camp" title="Gross-Rosen concentration camp">Gross-Rosen concentration camp</a> in <a href="/wiki/Owi%C5%84ska" title="Owińska">Owińska</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a subcamp of the <a href="/wiki/Stutthof_concentration_camp" title="Stutthof concentration camp">Stutthof concentration camp</a> in <a href="/wiki/Obrzycko" title="Obrzycko">Obrzycko</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Particularly notorious camps and prisons included the <a href="/wiki/Fort_VII" title="Fort VII">Fort VII</a> concentration camp in Poznań, the <a href="/wiki/Radogoszcz_prison" title="Radogoszcz prison">Radogoszcz prison</a> in Łódź,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWardzyńska2009203_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWardzyńska2009203-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a prison camp in <a href="/wiki/%C5%BBabikowo,_Lubo%C5%84" title="Żabikowo, Luboń">Żabikowo</a>, where mostly Poles were imprisoned, but also Luxembourgers, Dutch, Hungarians, Slovaks, Americans, Russians and deserters from the <i>Wehrmacht</i>, and many were tortured and executed,<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the prison in <a href="/wiki/Sieradz" title="Sieradz">Sieradz</a>, whose mostly Polish and Jewish prisoners were subjected to insults, beatings, forced labour, tortures, executions, and were even given meals prepared from rotten vegetables, spoiled fish and dead dogs, thus often dying of exhaustion, <a href="/wiki/Starvation" title="Starvation">starvation</a> or torture.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Over 270,000 Polish children aged 10–18 were subjected to forced labour in the region of <a href="/wiki/Greater_Poland" title="Greater Poland">Greater Poland</a>, which, in addition to German profits of 500 million <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Mark" title="Deutsche Mark">marks</a>, was aimed at the children's biological destruction.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Łódź, the occupiers operated a <a href="/wiki/Racial_policy_of_Nazi_Germany" title="Racial policy of Nazi Germany">racial research</a> camp for expelled Poles, and a concentration camp for <a href="/wiki/Kidnapping_of_children_by_Nazi_Germany" title="Kidnapping of children by Nazi Germany">kidnapped Polish children</a> of two to 16 years of age from various parts of occupied Poland.<sup id="cite_ref-klbg_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-klbg-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the racial research camp, Poles were subjected to racial selection before deportation to forced labour in Germany, and Polish children were taken from their parents and sent to <a href="/wiki/Germanisation_in_Poland_(1939%E2%80%931945)" title="Germanisation in Poland (1939–1945)">Germanisation</a> camps.<sup id="cite_ref-klbg_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-klbg-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The camp for kidnapped children served as a forced labour, penal and internment camp and racial research center, with the children subjected to starvation, exhausting labour, beating even up to death and diseases, and the camp was nicknamed "little <a href="/wiki/Auschwitz_concentration_camp" title="Auschwitz concentration camp">Auschwitz</a>" due to its conditions.<sup id="cite_ref-klbg_24-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-klbg-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Germanisation camps for Polish children taken away from their parents were operated in Kalisz, Poznań, <a href="/wiki/Puszczykowo" title="Puszczykowo">Puszczykowo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zaniemy%C5%9Bl" title="Zaniemyśl">Zaniemyśl</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-dom_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dom-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The children were given new German names and surnames, and were punished for any use of the Polish language, even with death.<sup id="cite_ref-dom_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dom-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After their stay in the camps, the children were deported to Germany; only some returned to Poland after the war, while the fate of many remains unknown to this day.<sup id="cite_ref-dom_25-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dom-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Die_%27gro%C3%9Fz%C3%BCgigste_Umsiedlungsaktion%27_with_Poland_superimposed,_1939.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Die_%27gro%C3%9Fz%C3%BCgigste_Umsiedlungsaktion%27_with_Poland_superimposed%2C_1939.jpg/280px-Die_%27gro%C3%9Fz%C3%BCgigste_Umsiedlungsaktion%27_with_Poland_superimposed%2C_1939.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="211" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Die_%27gro%C3%9Fz%C3%BCgigste_Umsiedlungsaktion%27_with_Poland_superimposed%2C_1939.jpg/420px-Die_%27gro%C3%9Fz%C3%BCgigste_Umsiedlungsaktion%27_with_Poland_superimposed%2C_1939.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Die_%27gro%C3%9Fz%C3%BCgigste_Umsiedlungsaktion%27_with_Poland_superimposed%2C_1939.jpg/560px-Die_%27gro%C3%9Fz%C3%BCgigste_Umsiedlungsaktion%27_with_Poland_superimposed%2C_1939.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="602" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Heim_ins_Reich" title="Heim ins Reich">Heim ins Reich</a></i> re-settlement in <i>Warthegau</i>. Map of the Third Reich in 1939 (dark grey) after the <a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Poland" title="Invasion of Poland">conquest of Poland</a>; with pockets of German colonists brought into <i><a href="/wiki/Polish_areas_annexed_by_Nazi_Germany" title="Polish areas annexed by Nazi Germany">Reichsgau Wartheland</a></i> from the Soviet "sphere of influence" – superimposed with the red outline of Poland missing entirely from the original print.<sup id="cite_ref-Douglas_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Douglas-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Polish_resistance">Polish resistance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reichsgau_Wartheland&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Polish resistance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Polish_resistance_movement_in_World_War_II" title="Polish resistance movement in World War II">Polish resistance movement</a> was active in the region, including the <a href="/wiki/Union_of_Armed_Struggle" title="Union of Armed Struggle">Union of Armed Struggle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bataliony_Ch%C5%82opskie" class="mw-redirect" title="Bataliony Chłopskie">Bataliony Chłopskie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gray_Ranks" class="mw-redirect" title="Gray Ranks">Gray Ranks</a> and <a href="/wiki/Home_Army" title="Home Army">Home Army</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPietrowicz201128–33_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPietrowicz201128–33-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Polish_Underground_State" title="Polish Underground State">Polish Underground State</a> was organized, and in July 1940, even an underground Polish parliament was established in Poznań.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPietrowicz201134,_36_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPietrowicz201134,_36-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Activities included <a href="/wiki/Education_in_Poland_during_World_War_II" title="Education in Poland during World War II">secret Polish schooling</a>, secret Catholic services, printing and distribution of <a href="/wiki/Polish_underground_press" title="Polish underground press">Polish underground press</a>, sabotage actions, espionage of German activity, military trainings, production of false documents, preparations for a planned uprising, and even secret <a href="/wiki/Football_in_Poland" title="Football in Poland">football</a> games.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPietrowicz201123–26,_31–32_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPietrowicz201123–26,_31–32-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Polish resistance provided aid to people in need, including prisoners, escapees from camps and ghettos and deserters from the German army, rescued Polish children kidnapped by the Germans,<sup id="cite_ref-dom_25-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dom-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and facilitated escapes of Allied prisoners of war from German POW camps.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPietrowicz201123_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPietrowicz201123-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Germans cracked down on the resistance several times,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPietrowicz201126_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPietrowicz201126-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and even kidnapped children of the resistance members and sent them to the camp for Polish children in Łódź.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="End_of_war">End of war</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reichsgau_Wartheland&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: End of war"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>From August 1944 to January 1945, the Germans used hundreds of thousands of Poles as forced labour to build fortifications in the region ahead of the advancing <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Front_(World_War_II)" title="Eastern Front (World War II)">Eastern Front</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ekw394_8-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ekw394-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In January 1945, before and during their retreat, the Germans committed several further massacres of Polish civilians, prisoners and Polish and other Allied POWs, including at <a href="/wiki/Ostrzesz%C3%B3w" title="Ostrzeszów">Ostrzeszów</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pleszew" title="Pleszew">Pleszew</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marchwacz" title="Marchwacz">Marchwacz</a>, Żabikowo and <a href="/wiki/%C5%81omnica,_Nowy_Tomy%C5%9Bl_County" title="Łomnica, Nowy Tomyśl County">Łomnica</a> and perpetrated several <a href="/wiki/Death_marches_during_the_Holocaust" title="Death marches during the Holocaust">death marches</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By 1945 nearly half a million Germanic <i><a href="/wiki/Volksdeutsche" title="Volksdeutsche">Volksdeutsche</a></i> had been resettled in the <i>Warthegau</i> alone among the <a href="/wiki/Areas_annexed_by_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Areas annexed by Germany">areas annexed by Germany</a> while the <a href="/wiki/Red_Army" title="Red Army">Soviet forces</a> began to push the retreating German forces back through the Polish lands. <a href="/wiki/World_War_II_evacuation_and_expulsion" title="World War II evacuation and expulsion">Most German residents</a> along with over a million colonists fled westward. Some did not, due to restrictions by Germany's own government and the quickly advancing Red Army. An estimated 50,000 refugees died from the severe winter conditions, others as war atrocities committed by the Soviet military.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The <a href="/wiki/Flight_and_expulsion_of_Germans_from_Poland_during_and_after_World_War_II" title="Flight and expulsion of Germans from Poland during and after World War II">remaining ethnically German population was expelled</a> to Allied-occupied Germany after the war ended in accordance with the <a href="/wiki/Potsdam_Agreement" title="Potsdam Agreement">Potsdam Agreement</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reichsgau_Wartheland&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Poland_(1939%E2%80%931945)" title="History of Poland (1939–1945)">History of Poland (1939–1945)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_atrocities_in_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="World War II atrocities in Poland">World War II atrocities in Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Prosecution_Book-Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="Special Prosecution Book-Poland">Special Prosecution Book-Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intelligenzaktion" title="Intelligenzaktion">Intelligenzaktion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volksdeutscher_Selbstschutz" title="Volksdeutscher Selbstschutz">Volksdeutscher Selbstschutz</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reichsgau_Wartheland&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFNeuburger1944" class="citation book cs1">Neuburger, Otto (1944) [1943]. "Gazettes of the Länder and Reichsgaue". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3edKAQAAMAAJ"><i>Official Publications of Present-day Germany: Government, Corporate Organizations and National Socialist Party, with an Outline of the Governmental Structure of Germany</i></a>. Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 82<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 April</span> 2024</span>. <q>Reincorporated into Germany on October 26, 1939 as Reichsgau Posen by decree of October 8, 1939 (RGBl,I, p 2041).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Gazettes+of+the+L%C3%A4nder+and+Reichsgaue&rft.btitle=Official+Publications+of+Present-day+Germany%3A+Government%2C+Corporate+Organizations+and+National+Socialist+Party%2C+with+an+Outline+of+the+Governmental+Structure+of+Germany&rft.place=Washington&rft.pages=82&rft.pub=U.S.+Government+Printing+Office&rft.date=1944&rft.aulast=Neuburger&rft.aufirst=Otto&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3edKAQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReichsgau+Wartheland" class="Z3988"></span> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMichael_D._Miller_and_Andreas_Schulz2012" class="citation book cs1">Michael D. Miller and Andreas Schulz (2012). <i>Gauleiter: The Regional Leaders of the Nazi Party and Their Deputies, 1925-1945, Vol. 1</i>. R. James Bender Publishing. p. 360. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-932970-21-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-932970-21-0"><bdi>978-1-932970-21-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gauleiter%3A+The+Regional+Leaders+of+the+Nazi+Party+and+Their+Deputies%2C+1925-1945%2C+Vol.+1.&rft.pages=360&rft.pub=R.+James+Bender+Publishing&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-932970-21-0&rft.au=Michael+D.+Miller+and+Andreas+Schulz&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReichsgau+Wartheland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><i>Encyklopedia konspiracji Wielkopolskiej 1939–1945</i> (in Polish). Poznań: Instytut Zachodni. 1998. p. 393. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/83-85003-97-5" title="Special:BookSources/83-85003-97-5"><bdi>83-85003-97-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyklopedia+konspiracji+Wielkopolskiej+1939%E2%80%931945&rft.place=Pozna%C5%84&rft.pages=393&rft.pub=Instytut+Zachodni&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=83-85003-97-5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReichsgau+Wartheland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWardzyńska2009193–198,_191–192,_199,_205–206,_211-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWardzyńska2009193–198,_191–192,_199,_205–206,_211_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWardzyńska2009">Wardzyńska 2009</a>, pp. 193–198, 191–192, 199, 205–206, 211.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrochowina2017" class="citation book cs1">Grochowina, Sylwia (2017). <i>Cultural policy of the Nazi occupying forces in the Reich district Gdańsk–West Prussia, the Reich district Wartheland, and the Reich district of Katowice in the years 1939–1945</i>. Toruń. p. 87. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-83-88693-73-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-83-88693-73-1"><bdi>978-83-88693-73-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cultural+policy+of+the+Nazi+occupying+forces+in+the+Reich+district+Gda%C5%84sk%E2%80%93West+Prussia%2C+the+Reich+district+Wartheland%2C+and+the+Reich+district+of+Katowice+in+the+years+1939%E2%80%931945&rft.place=Toru%C5%84&rft.pages=87&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-83-88693-73-1&rft.aulast=Grochowina&rft.aufirst=Sylwia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReichsgau+Wartheland" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWardzyńska2009216–217-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWardzyńska2009216–217_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWardzyńska2009">Wardzyńska 2009</a>, pp. 216–217.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Klee-Dressen-Riess-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Klee-Dressen-Riess_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">HolocaustHistory.org: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.holocaust-history.org/19420605-rauff-spezialwagen/">"ninety-seven thousand have been processed, using three vans, without any defects showing up in the vehicles."</a> Postwar testimony <i>Obersturmbannführer</i> <a href="/wiki/August_Becker" title="August Becker">August Becker</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Gas_van" title="Gas van"> gas-van</a> inspector. <i>See:</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFErnst_KleeWilli_DressenVolker_Riess1991" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Klee" title="Ernst Klee">Ernst Klee</a>; Willi Dressen; Volker Riess (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ACWKeRF49UYC&q=%22gas-vans+in+operation:+the+Opel-Blitz%22+%22Saurerwagen%22&pg=PA69">"<i>A new and better method of killing had to be found</i>: The gas-vans"</a>. <i>The Good Old Days: The Holocaust As Seen by Its Perpetrators and Bystanders</i>. Old Saybrook, Connecticut: Konecky & Konecky. pp. 69–70. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-56852-133-2" title="Special:BookSources/1-56852-133-2"><bdi>1-56852-133-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=A+new+and+better+method+of+killing+had+to+be+found%3A+The+gas-vans&rft.btitle=The+Good+Old+Days%3A+The+Holocaust+As+Seen+by+Its+Perpetrators+and+Bystanders&rft.place=Old+Saybrook%2C+Connecticut&rft.pages=69-70&rft.pub=Konecky+%26+Konecky&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=1-56852-133-2&rft.au=Ernst+Klee&rft.au=Willi+Dressen&rft.au=Volker+Riess&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DACWKeRF49UYC%26q%3D%2522gas-vans%2Bin%2Boperation%3A%2Bthe%2BOpel-Blitz%2522%2B%2522Saurerwagen%2522%26pg%3DPA69&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReichsgau+Wartheland" class="Z3988"></span> <i>Also in:</i> <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Browning" class="mw-redirect" title="Christopher Browning">Christopher Browning</a> (2000), <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120812211113/http://www.ess.uwe.ac.uk/genocide/browning3.htm">Evidence for the Implementation of the Final Solution</a></i> with archives of the <a href="/wiki/RSHA" class="mw-redirect" title="RSHA">RSHA</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ekw394-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ekw394_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ekw394_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ekw394_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ekw394_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ekw394_8-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><i>Encyklopedia konspiracji Wielkopolskiej 1939–1945</i> (in Polish). Poznań: Instytut Zachodni. 1998. pp. 394–395. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/83-85003-97-5" title="Special:BookSources/83-85003-97-5"><bdi>83-85003-97-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyklopedia+konspiracji+Wielkopolskiej+1939%E2%80%931945&rft.place=Pozna%C5%84&rft.pages=394-395&rft.pub=Instytut+Zachodni&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=83-85003-97-5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReichsgau+Wartheland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kershaw-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kershaw_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIan_Kershaw2013" class="citation book cs1">Ian Kershaw (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Clu5vSF3IIYC&q=60%2C000"><i>Hitler 1936-1945</i></a>. Penguin UK. p. vi. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-14-190959-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-14-190959-2"><bdi>978-0-14-190959-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hitler+1936-1945&rft.pages=vi&rft.pub=Penguin+UK&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-14-190959-2&rft.au=Ian+Kershaw&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DClu5vSF3IIYC%26q%3D60%252C000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReichsgau+Wartheland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ushmm-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ushmm_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ushmm.org/learn/students/learning-materials-and-resources/poles-victims-of-the-nazi-era">"Poles: Victims of the Nazi Era"</a>. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 May</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Poles%3A+Victims+of+the+Nazi+Era&rft.pub=United+States+Holocaust+Memorial+Museum&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ushmm.org%2Flearn%2Fstudents%2Flearning-materials-and-resources%2Fpoles-victims-of-the-nazi-era&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReichsgau+Wartheland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lynn H. Nicholas, <i>Cruel World: The Children of Europe in the Nazi Web</i> pp. 207-9, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-679-77663-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-679-77663-X">0-679-77663-X</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-thhpsb-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-thhpsb_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130528142643/http://www.holocaust-history.org/quick-facts/special-treatment.shtml">"Special treatment" (Sonderbehandlung)"</a>. The Holocaust History Project. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.holocaust-history.org/quick-facts/special-treatment.shtml">the original</a> on 2013-05-28.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Special+treatment%22+%28Sonderbehandlung%29&rft.pub=The+Holocaust+History+Project&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.holocaust-history.org%2Fquick-facts%2Fspecial-treatment.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReichsgau+Wartheland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IPN-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-IPN_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Main Commission for Investigation of German Crimes in Poland, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://weber.ucsd.edu/~lzamosc/gchelmno.html"><i>German Crimes in Poland</i> (Warsaw: 1946, 1947)</a>; Archive of <i>Jewish Gombin Genealogy</i>, with introduction by Leon Zamosc. <i>Note:</i> The Main (or Central) Commission for Investigation of German Crimes in Poland (<a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a>: <i lang="pl"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C5%82%C3%B3wna_Komisja_Badania_Zbrodni_Niemieckich_w_Polsce" class="extiw" title="pl:Główna Komisja Badania Zbrodni Niemieckich w Polsce">Główna Komisja Badania Zbrodni Niemieckich w Polsce</a>, GKBZNwP</i>) founded in 1945 was the predecessor of the <a href="/wiki/Institute_of_National_Remembrance" title="Institute of National Remembrance">Institute of National Remembrance</a> (see also the <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/19970212065543/http://biwww.urm.gov.pl/ms/gkbzpnpe.html">"Archived copy"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://biwww.urm.gov.pl/ms/gkbzpnpe.html">the original</a> on February 12, 1997<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-01-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbiwww.urm.gov.pl%2Fms%2Fgkbzpnpe.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReichsgau+Wartheland" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>)</span>). <i>Quote:</i> "The creation of the Main Commission... was preceded by work done in London since 1943 by the <a href="/wiki/Polish_Government_in_Exile" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish Government in Exile">Polish Government in Exile</a>."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Agency for the East that oversaw the registration, administration and eventual sale of all property confiscated from Poles and Jews (virtually all Polish and Jewish property was confiscated)</i>Heimat, Region, and Empire: Spatial Identities under National Socialism Claus-Christian W. Szejnmann, Maiken Umbach</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lynn H. Nicholas, <i>Cruel World: The Children of Europe in the Nazi Web</i> pp. 213-214, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-679-77663-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-679-77663-X">0-679-77663-X</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Max Hastings, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nybooks.com/articles/article-preview?article_id=21971">The Most Evil Emperor</a>," NYRB October 23, 2008, p. 48.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ian Kershaw, <i>Hitler, the Germans, and the Final Solution</i> (Yale University Press, 2008), p. 75.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.gross-rosen.eu/historia-kl-gross-rosen/filie-obozu-gross-rosen/">"Subcamps of KL Gross-Rosen"</a>. <i>Gross-Rosen Museum in Rogoźnica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gross-Rosen+Museum+in+Rogo%C5%BAnica&rft.atitle=Subcamps+of+KL+Gross-Rosen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.gross-rosen.eu%2Fhistoria-kl-gross-rosen%2Ffilie-obozu-gross-rosen%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReichsgau+Wartheland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090423004151/http://bundesrecht.juris.de/begdv_6/anlage_6.html">"Anlage zu § 1. Verzeichnis der Konzentrationslager und ihrer Außenkommandos gemäß § 42 Abs. 2 BEG"</a> (in German). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bundesrecht.juris.de/begdv_6/anlage_6.html">the original</a> on 23 April 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Anlage+zu+%C2%A7+1.+Verzeichnis+der+Konzentrationslager+und+ihrer+Au%C3%9Fenkommandos+gem%C3%A4%C3%9F+%C2%A7+42+Abs.+2+BEG&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbundesrecht.juris.de%2Fbegdv_6%2Fanlage_6.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReichsgau+Wartheland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWardzyńska2009203-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWardzyńska2009203_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWardzyńska2009">Wardzyńska 2009</a>, p. 203.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://poznan.naszemiasto.pl/68-lat-temu-zlikwidowano-oboz-hitlerowski-w-zabikowie/ar/c1-1700137">"68 lat temu zlikwidowano obóz hitlerowski w Żabikowie"</a>. <i>Poznań Nasze Miasto</i> (in Polish)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pozna%C5%84+Nasze+Miasto&rft.atitle=68+lat+temu+zlikwidowano+ob%C3%B3z+hitlerowski+w+%C5%BBabikowie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpoznan.naszemiasto.pl%2F68-lat-temu-zlikwidowano-oboz-hitlerowski-w-zabikowie%2Far%2Fc1-1700137&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReichsgau+Wartheland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStudnicka-Mariańczyk2018" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Studnicka-Mariańczyk, Karolina (2018). "Zakład Karny w Sieradzu w okresie okupacji hitlerowskiej 1939–1945". <i>Zeszyty Historyczne</i> (in Polish). <b>17</b>: 187–192.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Zeszyty+Historyczne&rft.atitle=Zak%C5%82ad+Karny+w+Sieradzu+w+okresie+okupacji+hitlerowskiej+1939%E2%80%931945&rft.volume=17&rft.pages=187-192&rft.date=2018&rft.aulast=Studnicka-Maria%C5%84czyk&rft.aufirst=Karolina&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReichsgau+Wartheland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKołakowski2020" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Kołakowski, Andrzej (2020). "Zbrodnia bez kary: eksterminacja dzieci polskich w okresie okupacji niemieckiej w latach 1939–1945". In Kostkiewicz, Janina (ed.). <i>Zbrodnia bez kary... Eksterminacja i cierpienie polskich dzieci pod okupacją niemiecką (1939–1945)</i> (in Polish). Kraków: <a href="/wiki/Jagiellonian_University" title="Jagiellonian University">Uniwersytet Jagielloński</a>, <a href="/wiki/Biblioteka_Jagiello%C5%84ska" class="mw-redirect" title="Biblioteka Jagiellońska">Biblioteka Jagiellońska</a>. p. 74.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Zbrodnia+bez+kary%3A+eksterminacja+dzieci+polskich+w+okresie+okupacji+niemieckiej+w+latach+1939%E2%80%931945&rft.btitle=Zbrodnia+bez+kary...+Eksterminacja+i+cierpienie+polskich+dzieci+pod+okupacj%C4%85+niemieck%C4%85+%281939%E2%80%931945%29&rft.place=Krak%C3%B3w&rft.pages=74&rft.pub=Uniwersytet+Jagiello%C5%84ski%2C+Biblioteka+Jagiello%C5%84ska&rft.date=2020&rft.aulast=Ko%C5%82akowski&rft.aufirst=Andrzej&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReichsgau+Wartheland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-klbg-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-klbg_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-klbg_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-klbg_24-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLedniowskiGola2020" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Ledniowski, Krzysztof; Gola, Beata (2020). "Niemiecki obóz dla małoletnich Polaków w Łodzi przy ul. Przemysłowej". In Kostkiewicz, Janina (ed.). <i>Zbrodnia bez kary... Eksterminacja i cierpienie polskich dzieci pod okupacją niemiecką (1939–1945)</i> (in Polish). Kraków: <a href="/wiki/Jagiellonian_University" title="Jagiellonian University">Uniwersytet Jagielloński</a>, <a href="/wiki/Biblioteka_Jagiello%C5%84ska" class="mw-redirect" title="Biblioteka Jagiellońska">Biblioteka Jagiellońska</a>. pp. 147–149.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Niemiecki+ob%C3%B3z+dla+ma%C5%82oletnich+Polak%C3%B3w+w+%C5%81odzi+przy+ul.+Przemys%C5%82owej&rft.btitle=Zbrodnia+bez+kary...+Eksterminacja+i+cierpienie+polskich+dzieci+pod+okupacj%C4%85+niemieck%C4%85+%281939%E2%80%931945%29&rft.place=Krak%C3%B3w&rft.pages=147-149&rft.pub=Uniwersytet+Jagiello%C5%84ski%2C+Biblioteka+Jagiello%C5%84ska&rft.date=2020&rft.aulast=Ledniowski&rft.aufirst=Krzysztof&rft.au=Gola%2C+Beata&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReichsgau+Wartheland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dom-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-dom_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dom_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dom_25-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dom_25-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKrystyna_Dobak-SplittJerzy_Aleksander_Splitt" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Krystyna Dobak-Splitt; Jerzy Aleksander Splitt. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kalisz.info/dom-wychowawczy.html">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Dom wychowawczy" dla polskich dzieci w Kaliszu"</a>. <i>Kalisz.info</i> (in Polish)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Kalisz.info&rft.atitle=%22Dom+wychowawczy%22+dla+polskich+dzieci+w+Kaliszu&rft.au=Krystyna+Dobak-Splitt&rft.au=Jerzy+Aleksander+Splitt&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kalisz.info%2Fdom-wychowawczy.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReichsgau+Wartheland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Douglas-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Douglas_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFR._M._Douglas2012" class="citation book cs1">R. M. Douglas (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DeOzUL-HXb0C&q=Reichstag+Heim"><i>Orderly and Humane: The Expulsion of the Germans after the Second World War</i></a>. Yale University Press. p. 21. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-18376-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-18376-4"><bdi>978-0-300-18376-4</bdi></a>. <q>In a keynote address to the Reichstag to mark the end of the 'Polish campaign', on October 6, 1939, Hitler announced the <i>Heim ins Reich</i> (Back to the Reich) program. The prospect of being uprooted from their homes to face an uncertain future not even in Germany proper, but in the considerably less salubrious environment of western Poland, was greeted with a deep sense of betrayal.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Orderly+and+Humane%3A+The+Expulsion+of+the+Germans+after+the+Second+World+War&rft.pages=21&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-300-18376-4&rft.au=R.+M.+Douglas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDeOzUL-HXb0C%26q%3DReichstag%2BHeim&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReichsgau+Wartheland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPietrowicz201128–33-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPietrowicz201128–33_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPietrowicz2011">Pietrowicz 2011</a>, pp. 28–33.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPietrowicz201134,_36-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPietrowicz201134,_36_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPietrowicz2011">Pietrowicz 2011</a>, pp. 34, 36.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPietrowicz201123–26,_31–32-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPietrowicz201123–26,_31–32_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPietrowicz2011">Pietrowicz 2011</a>, pp. 23–26, 31–32.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGraf1994" class="citation magazine cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Graf, Władysław (1994). "Wojskowa konspiracja AK 1940–1944. Część 1". <i>Zeszyty Ostrzeszowskie</i> (in Polish). No. 38. Ostrzeszowskie Centrum Kultury. pp. 4, 7–8.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Zeszyty+Ostrzeszowskie&rft.atitle=Wojskowa+konspiracja+AK+1940%E2%80%931944.+Cz%C4%99%C5%9B%C4%87+1&rft.issue=38&rft.pages=4%2C+7-8&rft.date=1994&rft.aulast=Graf&rft.aufirst=W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReichsgau+Wartheland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPietrowicz201123-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPietrowicz201123_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPietrowicz2011">Pietrowicz 2011</a>, p. 23.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAleksandra_Pietrowicz" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Aleksandra Pietrowicz. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://przystanekhistoria.pl/pa2/teksty/69438,Dorsze-z-Poznania.html">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Dorsze" z Poznania"</a>. <i>Przystanek Historia</i> (in Polish)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Przystanek+Historia&rft.atitle=%22Dorsze%22+z+Poznania&rft.au=Aleksandra+Pietrowicz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fprzystanekhistoria.pl%2Fpa2%2Fteksty%2F69438%2CDorsze-z-Poznania.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReichsgau+Wartheland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGraf1992" class="citation magazine cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Graf, Władysław (1992). "Ostrzeszów: obozy jenieckie okresu 1940–1942". <i>Zeszyty Ostrzeszowskie</i> (in Polish). No. 17. Ostrzeszowskie Centrum Kultury. pp. 9–10, 16–18.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Zeszyty+Ostrzeszowskie&rft.atitle=Ostrzesz%C3%B3w%3A+obozy+jenieckie+okresu+1940%E2%80%931942&rft.issue=17&rft.pages=9-10%2C+16-18&rft.date=1992&rft.aulast=Graf&rft.aufirst=W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReichsgau+Wartheland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPietrowicz201126-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPietrowicz201126_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPietrowicz2011">Pietrowicz 2011</a>, p. 26.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLedniowskiGola2020" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Ledniowski, Krzysztof; Gola, Beata (2020). "Niemiecki obóz dla małoletnich Polaków w Łodzi przy ul. Przemysłowej". In Kostkiewicz, Janina (ed.). <i>Zbrodnia bez kary... Eksterminacja i cierpienie polskich dzieci pod okupacją niemiecką (1939–1945)</i> (in Polish). Kraków: Uniwersytet Jagielloński, Biblioteka Jagiellońska. pp. 158–159.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Niemiecki+ob%C3%B3z+dla+ma%C5%82oletnich+Polak%C3%B3w+w+%C5%81odzi+przy+ul.+Przemys%C5%82owej&rft.btitle=Zbrodnia+bez+kary...+Eksterminacja+i+cierpienie+polskich+dzieci+pod+okupacj%C4%85+niemieck%C4%85+%281939%E2%80%931945%29&rft.place=Krak%C3%B3w&rft.pages=158-159&rft.pub=Uniwersytet+Jagiello%C5%84ski%2C+Biblioteka+Jagiello%C5%84ska&rft.date=2020&rft.aulast=Ledniowski&rft.aufirst=Krzysztof&rft.au=Gola%2C+Beata&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReichsgau+Wartheland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Encyklopedia konspiracji Wielkopolskiej 1939–1945</i>. p. 147.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyklopedia+konspiracji+Wielkopolskiej+1939%E2%80%931945&rft.pages=147&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReichsgau+Wartheland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnna_Czuchra2016" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Anna Czuchra (30 January 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.poznan.uw.gov.pl/wydarzenia-archiwalne/71-rocznica-mordu-na-mieszkancach-marchwacza">"71. rocznica mordu na mieszkańcach Marchwacza"</a>. <i>Wielkopolski Urząd Wojewódzki w Poznaniu</i> (in Polish)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Wielkopolski+Urz%C4%85d+Wojew%C3%B3dzki+w+Poznaniu&rft.atitle=71.+rocznica+mordu+na+mieszka%C5%84cach+Marchwacza&rft.date=2016-01-30&rft.au=Anna+Czuchra&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.poznan.uw.gov.pl%2Fwydarzenia-archiwalne%2F71-rocznica-mordu-na-mieszkancach-marchwacza&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReichsgau+Wartheland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.zabikowo.eu/75-rocznica-likwidacji-i-ewakuacji-wiezniow-obozu-karno-sledczego-w-zabikowie">"75. rocznica likwidacji i ewakuacji więźniów obozu karno-śledczego w Żabikowie"</a>. <i>Muzeum Martyrologiczne w Żabikowie</i> (in Polish). 19 January 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Muzeum+Martyrologiczne+w+%C5%BBabikowie&rft.atitle=75.+rocznica+likwidacji+i+ewakuacji+wi%C4%99%C5%BAni%C3%B3w+obozu+karno-%C5%9Bledczego+w+%C5%BBabikowie&rft.date=2020-01-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.zabikowo.eu%2F75-rocznica-likwidacji-i-ewakuacji-wiezniow-obozu-karno-sledczego-w-zabikowie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReichsgau+Wartheland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Norman_M._Naimark" class="mw-redirect" title="Norman M. Naimark">Norman M. Naimark</a>, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MVSjHNKUKoEC">The Russians in Germany.</a></i> p. 75. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0674784057" title="Special:BookSources/0674784057">0674784057</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reichsgau_Wartheland&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shoa.de/content/view/544/41/">Shoa.de - List of Gaue and Gauleiter</a> <span class="languageicon">(in German)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dhm.de/lemo/html/nazi/innenpolitik/gaue/">Die NS Gaue</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Deutsches_Historisches_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Deutsches Historisches Museum">Deutsches Historisches Museum</a> website <span class="languageicon">(in German)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.verwaltungsgeschichte.de/gau_abc.html">Die Gaue der NSDAP</a> <span class="languageicon">(in German)</span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reichsgau_Wartheland&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHuener,_Jonathan_(University_of_Vermont)2014" class="citation journal cs1">Huener, Jonathan (<a href="/wiki/University_of_Vermont" title="University of Vermont">University of Vermont</a>) (March 2014). "Nazi <i>Kirchenpolitik</i> and Polish Catholicism in the Reichsgau Wartheland, 1939–1941". <i><a href="/wiki/Central_European_History" title="Central European History">Central European History</a></i>. <b>47</b> (1). Central European History Society of the <a href="/wiki/American_Historical_Association" title="American Historical Association">American Historical Association</a>: 105–137. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0008938914000648">10.1017/S0008938914000648</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:145194931">145194931</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Central+European+History&rft.atitle=Nazi+Kirchenpolitik+and+Polish+Catholicism+in+the+Reichsgau+Wartheland%2C+1939%E2%80%931941&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=105-137&rft.date=2014-03&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0008938914000648&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A145194931%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.au=Huener%2C+Jonathan+%28University+of+Vermont%29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReichsgau+Wartheland" class="Z3988"></span> - DOI <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0008938914000648">10.1017/S0008938914000648</a>, online publication on 15 May 2014</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPietrowicz2011" class="citation magazine cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Pietrowicz, Aleksandra (2011). "Konspiracja wielkopolska 1939–1945". <i>Biuletyn Instytutu Pamięci Narodowej</i> (in Polish). No. 5–6 (126–127). <a href="/wiki/Institute_of_National_Remembrance" title="Institute of National Remembrance">IPN</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1641-9561">1641-9561</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biuletyn+Instytutu+Pami%C4%99ci+Narodowej&rft.atitle=Konspiracja+wielkopolska+1939%E2%80%931945&rft.issue=5%E2%80%936+%28126%E2%80%93127%29&rft.date=2011&rft.issn=1641-9561&rft.aulast=Pietrowicz&rft.aufirst=Aleksandra&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReichsgau+Wartheland" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWardzyńska2009" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Wardzyńska, Maria (2009). <i>Był rok 1939. Operacja niemieckiej policji bezpieczeństwa w Polsce. Intelligenzaktion</i> (in Polish). Warszawa: <a href="/wiki/Institute_of_National_Remembrance" title="Institute of National Remembrance">IPN</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=By%C5%82+rok+1939.+Operacja+niemieckiej+policji+bezpiecze%C5%84stwa+w+Polsce.+Intelligenzaktion&rft.place=Warszawa&rft.pub=IPN&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Wardzy%C5%84ska&rft.aufirst=Maria&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReichsgau+Wartheland" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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.navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Historical_administrative_divisions_of_Greater_Poland" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Historical_divisions_of_Greater_Poland" title="Template:Historical divisions of Greater Poland"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Historical_divisions_of_Greater_Poland" title="Template talk:Historical divisions of Greater Poland"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Historical_divisions_of_Greater_Poland" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Historical divisions of Greater Poland"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Historical_administrative_divisions_of_Greater_Poland" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Historical administrative divisions of <a href="/wiki/Greater_Poland" title="Greater Poland">Greater Poland</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:100%;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;width:10em;"><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">12–13th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Greater_Poland" title="Duchy of Greater Poland">Duchy of Greater Poland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">until 1768</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pozna%C5%84_Voivodeship" title="Poznań Voivodeship">Poznań</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kalisz_Voivodeship_(1314%E2%80%931793)" title="Kalisz Voivodeship (1314–1793)">Kalisz Voivodeships</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">until 1793</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pozna%C5%84_Voivodeship" title="Poznań Voivodeship">Poznań</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kalisz_Voivodeship_(1314%E2%80%931793)" title="Kalisz Voivodeship (1314–1793)">Kalisz</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gniezno_Voivodeship" title="Gniezno Voivodeship">Gniezno Voivodeships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netze_District" title="Netze District">Netze District</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">until 1806</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_Prussia" title="South Prussia">South Prussia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">until 1815</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pozna%C5%84_Department" title="Poznań Department">Poznań</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kalisz_Department" title="Kalisz Department">Kalisz</a> / <a href="/wiki/Bydgoszcz_Department" title="Bydgoszcz Department">Bydgoszcz Departments</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>until 1837</li><li>1848</li></ul></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kalisz_Governorate" title="Kalisz Governorate">Kalisz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Posen" title="Grand Duchy of Posen">Grand Duchy of Posen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:10em;"><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">until 1918</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Posen" title="Province of Posen">Province of Posen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalisz_Governorate" title="Kalisz Governorate">Kalisz</a> / <a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Governorate" title="Warsaw Governorate">Warsaw Governorates</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">until 1939</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pozna%C5%84_Voivodeship" title="Poznań Voivodeship">Poznań</a> / <a href="/wiki/%C5%81%C3%B3d%C5%BA_Voivodeship_(1919%E2%80%9339)" class="mw-redirect" title="Łódź Voivodeship (1919–39)">Łódź Voivodeships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Posen-West_Prussia" class="mw-redirect" title="Posen-West Prussia">Posen-West Prussia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">until 1945</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Reichsgau Wartheland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">until 1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pozna%C5%84_Voivodeship" title="Poznań Voivodeship">Poznań Voivodeship</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">until 1998</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pozna%C5%84_Voivodeship" title="Poznań Voivodeship">Poznań</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kalisz_Voivodeship_(1975%E2%80%931998)" title="Kalisz Voivodeship (1975–1998)">Kalisz</a> / <a href="/wiki/Leszno_Voivodeship" title="Leszno Voivodeship">Leszno</a> / <a href="/wiki/Konin_Voivodeship" title="Konin Voivodeship">Konin</a> / <a href="/wiki/Pi%C5%82a_Voivodeship" title="Piła Voivodeship">Piła Voivodeships</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">since 1999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Poland_Voivodeship" title="Greater Poland Voivodeship">Greater Poland Voivodeship</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Administrative_divisions_in_Nazi_Germany_and_German_occupations" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Administrative_divisions_in_Nazi_Germany_and_German_occupations" title="Template:Administrative divisions in Nazi Germany and German occupations"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Administrative_divisions_in_Nazi_Germany_and_German_occupations" title="Template talk:Administrative divisions in Nazi Germany and German occupations"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Administrative_divisions_in_Nazi_Germany_and_German_occupations" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Administrative divisions in Nazi Germany and German occupations"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Administrative_divisions_in_Nazi_Germany_and_German_occupations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Administrative divisions in <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a> and German occupations</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Nazi_Germany" title="Administrative divisions of Nazi Germany">Administrative<br />divisions of<br />Nazi Germany</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Gau_(territory)" title="Gau (territory)">Gaus</a></i></span> (<span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Altreich_(pre-1938_Nazi_Germany)" class="mw-redirect" title="Altreich (pre-1938 Nazi Germany)">Altreich</a></i></span>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Founded" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#e5e5e5;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Founded</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gau_Baden" title="Gau Baden">Baden-Alsace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gau_Bayreuth" title="Gau Bayreuth">Bayreuth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gau_Berlin" title="Gau Berlin">Berlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gau_Cologne-Aachen" title="Gau Cologne-Aachen">Cologne–Aachen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gau_D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Gau Düsseldorf">Düsseldorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gau_Eastern_Hanover" title="Gau Eastern Hanover">Eastern Hanover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gau_East_Prussia" title="Gau East Prussia">East Prussia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gau_Electoral_Hesse" title="Gau Electoral Hesse">Electoral Hesse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gau_Essen" title="Gau Essen">Essen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gau_Franconia" title="Gau Franconia">Franconia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gau_Halle-Merseburg" title="Gau Halle-Merseburg">Halle-Merseburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gau_Hamburg" title="Gau Hamburg">Hamburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gau_Hesse-Nassau" title="Gau Hesse-Nassau">Hesse-Nassau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gau_Lower_Silesia" title="Gau Lower Silesia">Lower Silesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gau_Magdeburg-Anhalt" title="Gau Magdeburg-Anhalt">Magdeburg-Anhalt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gau_Main_Franconia" title="Gau Main Franconia">Main Franconia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gau_March_of_Brandenburg" title="Gau March of Brandenburg">March of Brandenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gau_Mecklenburg" title="Gau Mecklenburg">Mecklenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gau_Moselland" title="Gau Moselland">Moselland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gau_Munich-Upper_Bavaria" title="Gau Munich-Upper Bavaria">Munich–Upper Bavaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NSDAP/AO" class="mw-redirect" title="NSDAP/AO">NSDAP/AO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gau_Pomerania" title="Gau Pomerania">Pomerania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gau_Saxony" title="Gau Saxony">Saxony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gau_Schleswig-Holstein" title="Gau Schleswig-Holstein">Schleswig-Holstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gau_Silesia" title="Gau Silesia">Silesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gau_Swabia" title="Gau Swabia">Swabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gau_Southern_Hanover-Brunswick" title="Gau Southern Hanover-Brunswick">Southern Hanover–Brunswick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gau_Thuringia" title="Gau Thuringia">Thuringia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gau_Upper_Silesia" title="Gau Upper Silesia">Upper Silesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gau_Weser-Ems" title="Gau Weser-Ems">Weser-Ems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gau_Westphalia-North" title="Gau Westphalia-North">Westphalia-North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gau_Westphalia-South" title="Gau Westphalia-South">Westphalia-South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gau_Westmark" title="Gau Westmark">Westmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gau_W%C3%BCrttemberg-Hohenzollern" title="Gau Württemberg-Hohenzollern">Württemberg-Hohenzollern</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#e5e5e5;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Proposed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prinz-Eugen_Gau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prinz-Eugen Gau (page does not exist)">Prinz-Eugen</a> (<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reichsfestung_Belgrad" class="extiw" title="de:Reichsfestung Belgrad">Reichsfestung Belgrad</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gau_Holland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gau Holland (page does not exist)">Holland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Reichsgau" title="Reichsgau">Reichsgaus</a></i></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Founded" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#e5e5e5;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Founded</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reichsgau_Danzig-West_Prussia" title="Reichsgau Danzig-West Prussia">Danzig–West Prussia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reichsgau_Sudetenland" title="Reichsgau Sudetenland">Sudetenland</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Wartheland</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#e5e5e5;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Austria_within_Nazi_Germany" title="Austria within Nazi Germany">Austria</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reichsgau_K%C3%A4rnten" title="Reichsgau Kärnten">Carinthia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reichsgau_Niederdonau" title="Reichsgau Niederdonau">Lower Danube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reichsgau_Oberdonau" title="Reichsgau Oberdonau">Upper Danube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reichsgau_Salzburg" title="Reichsgau Salzburg">Salzburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reichsgau_Steiermark" title="Reichsgau Steiermark">Styria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reichsgau_Tirol-Vorarlberg" title="Reichsgau Tirol-Vorarlberg">Tyrol–Vorarlberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reichsgau_Wien" title="Reichsgau Wien">Vienna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#e5e5e5;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Proposed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reichsgau_Banat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reichsgau Banat (page does not exist)">Banat</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reichsgau_Beskidenland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reichsgau Beskidenland (page does not exist)">Beskidland</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reichsgau_Brabant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reichsgau Brabant (page does not exist)">Brabant</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reichsgau_Burgund&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reichsgau Burgund (page does not exist)">Burgundy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reichsgau_Flandern" class="mw-redirect" title="Reichsgau Flandern">Flanders</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reichsgau_Galizien&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reichsgau Galizien (page does not exist)">Galicia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reichsgau_Gotenland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reichsgau Gotenland (page does not exist)">Gothland</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reichsgau_Nordmark&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reichsgau Nordmark (page does not exist)">Nordmark</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reichsgau_Vandalenland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reichsgau Vandalenland (page does not exist)">Vandalland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Germanic_Reich#Role_of_Northern_Italy" title="Greater Germanic Reich">Venice</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reichsgau_Weichselland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reichsgau Weichselland (page does not exist)">Vistulaland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reichsgau_Wallonien" class="mw-redirect" title="Reichsgau Wallonien">Wallonia</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#e5e5e5;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Westland_(Nazi_propaganda)" title="Westland (Nazi propaganda)">Westland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Westland_(Nazi_propaganda)" title="Westland (Nazi propaganda)">Friesland, Groningen, and Drenthe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westland_(Nazi_propaganda)" title="Westland (Nazi propaganda)">Gelderland and Overijssel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westland_(Nazi_propaganda)" title="Westland (Nazi propaganda)">North Holland and Utrecht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westland_(Nazi_propaganda)" title="Westland (Nazi propaganda)">South Holland and Zeeland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westland_(Nazi_propaganda)" title="Westland (Nazi propaganda)">North Brabant and Limburg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Areas_annexed_by_Nazi_Germany" title="Areas annexed by Nazi Germany">Partial annexations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Founded" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#e5e5e5;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Founded</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Protectorate_of_Bohemia_and_Moravia" title="Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia">Bohemia and Moravia</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="General_Government" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#e5e5e5;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/General_Government" title="General Government">General Government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/District_of_Galicia" title="District of Galicia">Galicia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w_District" title="Kraków District">Kraków</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lublin_District" title="Lublin District">Lublin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radom_District" title="Radom District">Radom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warsaw_District" title="Warsaw District">Warsaw</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#e5e5e5;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Proposed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Order_(Nazism)#SS_State_of_Burgundy" title="New Order (Nazism)">Burgundy (SS)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SS_Province_of_Holland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SS Province of Holland (page does not exist)">Holland (SS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Germanic_Reich#Role_of_Northern_Italy" title="Greater Germanic Reich">Lombardy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/German-occupied_Europe" title="German-occupied Europe">German<br />occupations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Civil_Administration" title="Chief of Civil Administration">Civil Administration Areas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Civil_Administration_Area_of_Alsace&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Civil Administration Area of Alsace (page does not exist)">Alsace</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Civil_Administration_Area_of_Carinthia_and_Carniola&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Civil Administration Area of Carinthia and Carniola (page does not exist)">Carinthia and Carniola</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Civil_Administration_Area_of_Gebiet_Bialystok&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Civil Administration Area of Gebiet Bialystok (page does not exist)">Gebiet Bialystok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Administration_Area_of_Lorraine" title="Civil Administration Area of Lorraine">Lorraine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Civil_Administration_Area_of_Lower_Styria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Civil Administration Area of Lower Styria (page does not exist)">Lower Styria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Administration_Area_of_Luxembourg" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil Administration Area of Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Civil_Administration_Area_of_Posen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Civil Administration Area of Posen (page does not exist)">Posen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Civil_Administration_Area_of_the_Sudetenland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Civil Administration Area of the Sudetenland (page does not exist)">Sudetenland</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Civil_Administration_Area_of_West_Prussia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Civil Administration Area of West Prussia (page does not exist)">West Prussia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Civil_Administration_Area_of_Zichenau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Civil Administration Area of Zichenau (page does not exist)">Zichenau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bezirk" title="Bezirk">Districts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Founded" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#e5e5e5;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Founded</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bialystok_District" title="Bialystok District">Bialystok</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#e5e5e5;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Proposed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/District_of_Brussels" class="mw-redirect" title="District of Brussels">Brussels</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Military_Administration_(Nazi_Germany)" title="Military Administration (Nazi Germany)">Military administrations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Army_Group_Rear_Area_Command" title="Army Group Rear Area Command">Army Group Rear Area Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Administration_in_Belgium_and_Northern_France" title="Military Administration in Belgium and Northern France">Belgium and Northern France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_State_of_Croatia#Zones_of_influence" title="Independent State of Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_military_administration_in_occupied_France_during_World_War_II" title="German military administration in occupied France during World War II">France</a> (<a href="/wiki/Zone_interdite#Coastal_military_zone" title="Zone interdite">Atlantic Wall</a> ‧ <a href="/wiki/Zone_interdite#Zone_of_intended_German_settlement" title="Zone interdite">zone réservée</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Zone_of_Protection_in_Slovakia" title="German Zone of Protection in Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axis_occupation_of_Greece#The_German_occupation_zone" title="Axis occupation of Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Administration_of_Luxembourg" title="Military Administration of Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Administration_in_Poland" title="Military Administration in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territory_of_the_Military_Commander_in_Serbia" title="Territory of the Military Commander in Serbia">Serbia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banat_(1941%E2%80%931944)" title="Banat (1941–1944)">Banat</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Operational Zones</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operational_Zone_of_the_Adriatic_Littoral" title="Operational Zone of the Adriatic Littoral">Adriatic Littoral</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Ljubljana#The_German_period_(1943–1945)" title="Province of Ljubljana">Ljubljana</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operational_Zone_of_the_Alpine_Foothills" title="Operational Zone of the Alpine Foothills">Alpine Foothills</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Puppet administrations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#e5e5e5;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Founded</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_occupation_of_Albania" title="German occupation of Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A%C5%A1#19th–20th_centuries" title="Aš">Asch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seyss-Inquart_government" title="Seyss-Inquart government">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_Central_Council" title="Belarusian Central Council">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_State_of_Croatia" title="Independent State of Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Czechoslovak_Republic" title="Second Czechoslovak Republic">Czechoslovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denmark_in_World_War_II" title="Denmark in World War II">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flemish_Liberation_Committee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flemish Liberation Committee (page does not exist)">Flanders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vichy_France" title="Vichy France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellenic_State_(1941%E2%80%931944)" title="Hellenic State (1941–1944)">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_National_Unity_(Hungary)" title="Government of National Unity (Hungary)">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Social_Republic" title="Italian Social Republic">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lepel_Republic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lepel Republic (page does not exist)">Lepel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lokot_Autonomy" title="Lokot Autonomy">Lokot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anton_Mussert" title="Anton Mussert">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nias#World_War_II" title="Nias">Nias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quisling_regime#1940_coup" title="Quisling regime">Norway (Quisling I)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_Council_(Norway)" title="Administrative Council (Norway)">Norway (Administrative Council)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quisling_regime" title="Quisling regime">Norway (Quisling II)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_State_of_Macedonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent State of Macedonia">Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_occupied_territory_of_Montenegro" class="mw-redirect" title="German occupied territory of Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commissioner_Government" title="Commissioner Government">Serbia (Commissioner Government)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_National_Salvation" title="Government of National Salvation">Serbia (Council of Ministers)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_Republic_(1939%E2%80%931945)" title="Slovak Republic (1939–1945)">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_national_government_(1941)" title="Ukrainian national government (1941)">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Walloon_Liberation_Committee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Walloon Liberation Committee (page does not exist)">Wallonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zuyev_Republic" title="Zuyev Republic">Zuyev Republic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#e5e5e5;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Exiled</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_Central_Council#Exile" title="Belarusian Central Council">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_government-in-exile" title="Bulgarian government-in-exile">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cossack_Central_Office&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cossack Central Office (page does not exist)">Cossackia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigmaringen_enclave" title="Sigmaringen enclave">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellenic_State_(1941%E2%80%931944)#Exile_and_trial" title="Hellenic State (1941–1944)">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_National_Unity_(Hungary)" title="Government of National Unity (Hungary)">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German-occupied_territory_of_Montenegro" title="German-occupied territory of Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horia_Sima#Exile" title="Horia Sima">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Liberation_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Liberation Movement">Russia (ODNR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee_for_the_Liberation_of_the_Peoples_of_Russia" title="Committee for the Liberation of the Peoples of Russia">Russia (KONR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_National_Salvation#After_the_war" title="Government of National Salvation">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_Republic_(1939%E2%80%931945)#End" title="Slovak Republic (1939–1945)">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkiesta%C5%84ski_Komitet_Narodowy" class="extiw" title="pl:Turkiestański Komitet Narodowy">Turkestan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_National_Committee" title="Ukrainian National Committee">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vlaamsche_Landsleiding" class="extiw" title="nl:Vlaamsche Landsleiding">Wallonia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#e5e5e5;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Proposed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Breton_nationalism_and_World_War_II" title="Breton nationalism and World War II">Brittany</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Reichskommissariat" title="Reichskommissariat">Reichskommissariats</a></i></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#e5e5e5;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Founded</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reichskommissariat_of_Belgium_and_Northern_France" title="Reichskommissariat of Belgium and Northern France">Belgium and Northern France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reichskommissariat_Niederlande" title="Reichskommissariat Niederlande">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reichskommissariat_Norwegen" title="Reichskommissariat Norwegen">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reichskommissariat_Ostland" title="Reichskommissariat Ostland">Ostland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reichskommissariat_Ukraine" title="Reichskommissariat Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#e5e5e5;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Proposed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reichskommissariat_Kaukasien" title="Reichskommissariat Kaukasien">Caucasia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reichskommissariat_Don-Wolga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reichskommissariat Don-Wolga (page does not exist)">Don-Volga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reichskommissariat_Moskowien" title="Reichskommissariat Moskowien">Muscovy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reichskommissariat_Turkestan" title="Reichskommissariat Turkestan">Turkestan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reichskommissariat_Ural&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reichskommissariat Ural (page does not exist)">Ural</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other occupations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lapland_War" title="Lapland War">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invasion_and_occupation_of_Monaco_during_World_War_II#The_German_occupation_(September_9,_1943_-_September_3,_1944)" title="Invasion and occupation of Monaco during World War II">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_San_Marino" title="Battle of San Marino">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisian_campaign" title="Tunisian campaign">Tunisia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#e5e5e5;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Founded</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Swabia" title="New Swabia">New Swabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weather_Station_Kurt" title="Weather Station Kurt">Weather Station Kurt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schatzgr%C3%A4ber_(weather_station)" title="Schatzgräber (weather station)">Schatzgräber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holzauge" title="Holzauge">Holzauge</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bassgeiger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bassgeiger (page does not exist)">Bassgeiger</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edelweiss_base&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edelweiss base (page does not exist)">Edelweiss</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#e5e5e5;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Proposed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nordstern_(city)" title="Nordstern (city)">Nordstern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strength_Through_Joy" title="Strength Through Joy">Strength Through Joy</a> <a href="/wiki/German_occupation_of_the_Channel_Islands" title="German occupation of the Channel Islands">holiday resorts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q694187#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q694187#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q694187#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/146000476">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4107585-7">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Wartheland (Polsko)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge406059&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810618604705606">Poland</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Reichsgau_Wartheland&params=52.4_N_16.916667_E_type:landmark"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">52°24′00″N</span> <span class="longitude">16°55′00″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">52.400000°N 16.916667°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">52.400000; 16.916667</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p>    </div><noscript><img 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