CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>1914 - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"cc259da5-78c8-45f8-ab91-88095b02a42c","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"1914","wgTitle":"1914","wgCurRevisionId":1284468434,"wgRevisionId":1284468434,"wgArticleId":19283920,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["All articles with dead external links","Articles with dead external links from November 2024","CS1 Norwegian-language sources (no)","CS1 maint: others","Webarchive template wayback links","CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)","Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the ODNB","Pages using cite ODNB with id parameter","CS1 Bengali-language sources (bn)","CS1 Dutch-language sources (nl)","Use mdy dates from March 2011","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Commons category link from Wikidata","Articles containing Latin-language text","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from November 2024","Articles with unsourced statements from April 2025","Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from November 2024","Articles with unsourced statements from November 2019","Articles with unsourced statements from April 2021","1914"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"1914","wgRelevantArticleId":19283920,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":200000,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q2083","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false}; RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.quicksurveys.init","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.23"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="1914 - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=1914&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="auth.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-1914 rootpage-1914 skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Main menu" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Main menu </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z">Main page</a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia">Contents</a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events">Current events</a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x">Random article</a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works">About Wikipedia</a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia">Contact us</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia">Help</a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia">Learn to edit</a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors">Community portal</a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r">Recent changes</a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia">Upload file</a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages">Special pages</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"> Search </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Appearance </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class="">Donate</a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=1914" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class="">Create account</a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=1914" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class="">Log in</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Personal tools </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en">Donate</a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=1914" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"> Create account</a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=1914" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"> Log in</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing">learn more</a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y">Contributions</a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n">Talk</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Events" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Events"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1 Events </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Events-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Events subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Events-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-January" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#January"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.1 January </div> </a> <ul id="toc-January-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-February" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#February"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 February </div> </a> <ul id="toc-February-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-March" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#March"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 March </div> </a> <ul id="toc-March-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-April" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#April"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4 April </div> </a> <ul id="toc-April-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-May" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#May"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5 May </div> </a> <ul id="toc-May-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-June" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#June"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.6 June </div> </a> <ul id="toc-June-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-July" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#July"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.7 July </div> </a> <ul id="toc-July-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-August" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#August"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.8 August </div> </a> <ul id="toc-August-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-September" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#September"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.9 September </div> </a> <ul id="toc-September-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-October" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#October"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.10 October </div> </a> <ul id="toc-October-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-November" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#November"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.11 November </div> </a> <ul id="toc-November-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-December" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#December"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.12 December </div> </a> <ul id="toc-December-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Date_unknown" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Date_unknown"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.13 Date unknown </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Date_unknown-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Births" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Births"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Births </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Births-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Births subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Births-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-January_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#January_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 January </div> </a> <ul id="toc-January_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-February_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#February_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 February </div> </a> <ul id="toc-February_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-March_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#March_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 March </div> </a> <ul id="toc-March_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-April_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#April_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 April </div> </a> <ul id="toc-April_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-May_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#May_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5 May </div> </a> <ul id="toc-May_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-June_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#June_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.6 June </div> </a> <ul id="toc-June_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-July_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#July_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.7 July </div> </a> <ul id="toc-July_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-August_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#August_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.8 August </div> </a> <ul id="toc-August_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-September_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#September_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.9 September </div> </a> <ul id="toc-September_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-October_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#October_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.10 October </div> </a> <ul id="toc-October_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-November_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#November_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.11 November </div> </a> <ul id="toc-November_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-December_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#December_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.12 December </div> </a> <ul id="toc-December_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Date_unknown_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Date_unknown_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.13 Date unknown </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Date_unknown_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Deaths" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Deaths"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Deaths </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Deaths-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Deaths subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Deaths-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-January_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#January_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 January </div> </a> <ul id="toc-January_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-February_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#February_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 February </div> </a> <ul id="toc-February_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-March_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#March_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 March </div> </a> <ul id="toc-March_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-April_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#April_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 April </div> </a> <ul id="toc-April_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-May_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#May_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.5 May </div> </a> <ul id="toc-May_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-June_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#June_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.6 June </div> </a> <ul id="toc-June_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-July_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#July_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.7 July </div> </a> <ul id="toc-July_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-August_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#August_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.8 August </div> </a> <ul id="toc-August_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-September_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#September_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.9 September </div> </a> <ul id="toc-September_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-October_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#October_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.10 October </div> </a> <ul id="toc-October_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-November_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#November_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.11 November </div> </a> <ul id="toc-November_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-December_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#December_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.12 December </div> </a> <ul id="toc-December_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Date_unknown_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Date_unknown_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.13 Date unknown </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Date_unknown_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nobel_Prizes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nobel_Prizes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Nobel Prizes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nobel_Prizes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 References </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle References subsection </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Primary_sources_and_year_books" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Primary_sources_and_year_books"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Primary sources and year books </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Primary_sources_and_year_books-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">1914</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 197 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-197" aria-hidden="true" > 197 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914" title="1914 – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="1914" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914" title="1914 – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="1914" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914_%E1%8A%A5.%E1%8A%A4.%E1%8A%A0." title="1914 እ.ኤ.አ. – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="1914 እ.ኤ.አ." data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914" title="1914 – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="1914" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target">Anarâškielâ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914" title="1914 – Abkhazian" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="1914" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhazian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Аԥсшәа</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914" title="1914 – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="1914" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914" title="1914 – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="1914" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914_%D5%A9%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="1914 թուական – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="1914 թուական" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Արեւմտահայերէն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914" title="1914 – Aromanian" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="1914" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Armãneashti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914" title="1914 – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="1914" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Arpetan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914" title="1914 – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="1914" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914" title="1914 – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="1914" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Avañe'ẽ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914" title="1914 – Avaric" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="1914" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaric" class="interlanguage-link-target">Авар</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914" title="1914 – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="1914" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B9%DB%B1%DB%B4_(%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C)" title="۱۹۱۴ (میلادی) – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="۱۹۱۴ (میلادی)" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914" title="1914 – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="1914" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%AF%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%AA" title="১৯১৪ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="১৯১৪" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914_n%C3%AE" title="1914 nî – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="1914 nî" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914" title="1914 – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="1914" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Banyumasan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914_%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1914 йыл – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="1914 йыл" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914" title="1914 – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="1914" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914" title="1914 – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="1914" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914" title="1914 – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="1914" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914" title="1914 – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="1914" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914" title="1914 – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="1914" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914" title="1914 – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="1914" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Boarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914." title="1914. – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="1914." data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914" title="1914 – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="1914" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914" title="1914 – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="1914" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914" title="1914 – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="1914" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914" title="1914 – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="1914" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914" title="1914 – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="1914" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914" title="1914 – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="1914" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target">Corsu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914" title="1914 – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="1914" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914" title="1914 – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="1914" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914" title="1914 – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="1914" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914" title="1914 – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="1914" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target">Davvisámegiella</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914" title="1914 – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="1914" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914" title="1914 – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="1914" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dolnoserbski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914" title="1914 – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="1914" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914" title="1914 – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="1914" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914" title="1914 – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="1914" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Emiliàn e rumagnòl</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914_%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="1914 ие – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="1914 ие" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target">Эрзянь</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914" title="1914 – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="1914" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914" title="1914 – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="1914" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914" title="1914 – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="1914" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target">Estremeñu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914" title="1914 – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="1914" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B9%DB%B1%DB%B4" title="۱۹۱۴ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="۱۹۱۴" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914" title="1914 – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="1914" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914" title="1914 – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="1914" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914" title="1914 – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="1914" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914" title="1914 – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="1914" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914" title="1914 – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="1914" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Furlan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914" title="1914 – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="1914" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914" title="1914 – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="1914" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914" title="1914 – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="1914" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gagauz</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914" title="1914 – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="1914" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914" title="1914 – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="1914" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914_%D1%88%D1%83" title="1914 шу – Ingush" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="1914 шу" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingush" class="interlanguage-link-target">ГӀалгӀай</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914%E5%B9%B4" title="1914年 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="1914年" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target">贛語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914-ngi%C3%A8n" title="1914-ngièn – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="1914-ngièn" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914%EB%85%84" title="1914년 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="1914년" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914" title="1914 – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="1914" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AF%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AA" title="१९१४ – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="१९१४" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914" title="1914 – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="1914" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hornjoserbsce</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914." title="1914. – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="1914." data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914" title="1914 – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="1914" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914" title="1914 – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="1914" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ilokano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%AF%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%AA" title="মারি ১৯১৪ – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="মারি ১৯১৪" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target">বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914" title="1914 – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="1914" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914" title="1914 – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="1914" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914-%C3%A6%D0%BC_%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="1914-æм аз – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="1914-æм аз" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914" title="1914 – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="1914" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914" title="1914 – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="1914" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914" title="1914 – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="1914" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914" title="1914 – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="1914" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914" title="1914 – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="1914" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kabɩyɛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B3%A7%E0%B3%AF%E0%B3%A7%E0%B3%AA" title="೧೯೧೪ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="೧೯೧೪" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914" title="1914 – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="1914" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kapampangan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914" title="1914 – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="1914" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914" title="1914 – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="1914" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kaszëbsczi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914_%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1914 жыл – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="1914 жыл" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914" title="1914 – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="1914" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914" title="1914 – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="1914" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914-%D3%A7%D0%B4_%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="1914-ӧд во – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="1914-ӧд во" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Коми</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914" title="1914 – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="1914" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kotava</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914_(almanak_gregoryen)" title="1914 (almanak gregoryen) – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="1914 (almanak gregoryen)" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914" title="1914 – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="1914" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kriyòl gwiyannen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914" title="1914 – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="1914" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914_%D0%B8" title="1914 и – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="1914 и" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кырык мары</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%84.%E0%BA%AA._1914" title="ຄ.ສ. 1914 – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ຄ.ສ. 1914" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target">ລາວ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914" title="1914 – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="1914" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914._gads" title="1914. gads – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="1914. gads" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914" title="1914 – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="1914" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914_%D0%B9%D0%B8%D1%81" title="1914 йис – Lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="1914 йис" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Лезги</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914_m." title="1914 m. – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="1914 m." data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914" title="1914 – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="1914" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ligure</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914" title="1914 – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="1914" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914" title="1914 – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="1914" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Livvinkarjala</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914" title="1914 – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="1914" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914" title="1914 – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="1914" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AF%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AA" title="१९१४ – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="१९१४" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target">मैथिली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914" title="1914 – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="1914" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914" title="1914 – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="1914" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914" title="1914 – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="1914" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914" title="1914 – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="1914" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target">Māori</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87.%E0%A4%B8._%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AF%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AA" title="इ.स. १९१४ – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="इ.स. १९१४" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914" title="1914 – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="1914" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914" title="1914 – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="1914" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B9%DB%B1%DB%B4" title="۱۹۱۴ – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="۱۹۱۴" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914" title="1914 – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="1914" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914" title="1914 – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="1914" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target">Minangkabau</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914_ni%C3%A8ng" title="1914 nièng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="1914 nièng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914" title="1914 – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="1914" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target">Мокшень</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914_%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="1914 он – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="1914 он" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%81%81%E1%81%89%E1%81%81%E1%81%84" title="၁၉၁၄ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="၁၉၁၄" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914" title="1914 – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="1914" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nāhuatl</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914" title="1914 – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="1914" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%88_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82_%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AF%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AA" title="ई सं १९१४ – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="ई सं १९१४" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914%E5%B9%B4" title="1914年 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="1914年" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914" title="1914 – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="1914" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Napulitano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914_%D1%88%D0%BE" title="1914 шо – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="1914 шо" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914" title="1914 – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="1914" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914" title="1914 – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="1914" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914" title="1914 – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="1914" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914" title="1914 – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="1914" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nouormand</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914" title="1914 – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="1914" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target">Novial</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914" title="1914 – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="1914" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914" title="1914 – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="1914" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Олык марий</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AD%A7%E0%AD%AF%E0%AD%A7%E0%AD%AA" title="୧୯୧୪ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="୧୯୧୪" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target">ଓଡ଼ିଆ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914" title="1914 – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="1914" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914" title="1914 – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="1914" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AF%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AA" title="१९१४ – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="१९१४" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target">पालि</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914" title="1914 – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="1914" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914" title="1914 – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="1914" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target">Papiamentu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914" title="1914 – Tok Pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="1914" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="Tok Pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tok Pisin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914" title="1914 – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="1914" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914" title="1914 – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="1914" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914" title="1914 – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="1914" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914" title="1914 – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="1914" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qaraqalpaqsha</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914" title="1914 – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="1914" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qırımtatarca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ty mw-list-item"><a href="https://ty.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914" title="1914 – Tahitian" lang="ty" hreflang="ty" data-title="1914" data-language-autonym="Reo tahiti" data-language-local-name="Tahitian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Reo tahiti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joohr_1914" title="Joohr 1914 – Colognian" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Joohr 1914" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="Colognian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ripoarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914" title="1914 – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="1914" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914" title="1914 – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="1914" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914" title="1914 – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="1914" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русиньскый</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="1914 год – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="1914 год" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914_%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1914 сыл – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="1914 сыл" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914" title="1914 – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="1914" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914" title="1914 – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="1914" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914" title="1914 – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="1914" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seeltersk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914" title="1914 – Northern Sotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="1914" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Northern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sesotho sa Leboa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914" title="1914 – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="1914" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914" title="1914 – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="1914" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914" title="1914 – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="1914" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914" title="1914 – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="1914" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914%D8%B9" title="1914ع – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="1914ع" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914" title="1914 – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="1914" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914" title="1914 – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="1914" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914" title="1914 – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="1914" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%A1%D9%A9%D9%A1%D9%A4" title="١٩١٤ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="١٩١٤" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914" title="1914 – Sranan Tongo" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="1914" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="Sranan Tongo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sranantongo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914" title="1914 – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="1914" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914." title="1914. – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="1914." data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914" title="1914 – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="1914" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sunda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914" title="1914 – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="1914" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914" title="1914 – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="1914" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914" title="1914 – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="1914" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914" title="1914 – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="1914" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914" title="1914 – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="1914" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tarandíne</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914_%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="1914 ел – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="1914 ел" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914" title="1914 – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="1914" data-language-autonym="တႆး" data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target">တႆး</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914" title="1914 – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="1914" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9E.%E0%B8%A8._2457" title="พ.ศ. 2457 – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พ.ศ. 2457" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8_1914" title="Соли 1914 – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Соли 1914" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914" title="1914 – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="1914" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914" title="1914 – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="1914" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkmençe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914_%D0%B0%D1%80" title="1914 ар – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="1914 ар" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target">Удмурт</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914" title="1914 – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="1914" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914%D8%A1" title="1914ء – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="1914ء" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914_-_%D9%8A%D9%89%D9%84%D9%89" title="1914 - يىلى – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="1914 - يىلى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914_nienz" title="1914 nienz – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="1914 nienz" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vahcuengh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914" title="1914 – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="1914" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914" title="1914 – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="1914" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914" title="1914 – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="1914" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target">Volapük</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914" title="1914 – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="1914" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target">Võro</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914" title="1914 – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="1914" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Walon</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E4%B9%9D%E4%B8%80%E5%9B%9B%E5%B9%B4" title="一九一四年 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="一九一四年" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">文言</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914" title="1914 – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="1914" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target">West-Vlams</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914" title="1914 – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="1914" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914" title="1914 – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="1914" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914%E5%B9%B4" title="1914年 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="1914年" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914" title="1914 – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="1914" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914" title="1914 – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="1914" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zeêuws</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914" title="1914 – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="1914" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Žemaitėška</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914%E5%B9%B4" title="1914年 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="1914年" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914" title="1914 – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="1914" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tolışi</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2083#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/1914" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c">Article</a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:1914" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t">Talk</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >English </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/1914">Read</a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1914&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e">Edit</a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1914&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h">View history</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >Tools </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/1914">Read</a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1914&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e">Edit</a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1914&action=history">View history</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/1914" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j">What links here</a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/1914" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k">Related changes</a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u">Upload file</a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1914&oldid=1284468434" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page">Permanent link</a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1914&action=info" title="More information about this page">Page information</a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=1914&id=1284468434&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page">Cite this page</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F1914">Get shortened URL</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F1914">Download QR code</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=1914&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file">Download as PDF</a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1914&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p">Printable version</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/1914" hreflang="en">Wikimedia Commons</a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikiquote mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/1914" hreflang="en">Wikiquote</a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikisource mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Portal:1914" hreflang="en">Wikisource</a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2083" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g">Wikidata item</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1255975824">.mw-parser-output .events-by-month{margin:0.5em 0;border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;background-color:var(--background-color-base,white);font-size:88%;text-align:center;color:var(--color-emphasized,#101418)}</style><div class="events-by-month" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="1914-label"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"> <dl><dt><a class="mw-selflink selflink">1914</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/January_1914" title="January 1914">January</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/February_1914" title="February 1914">February</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/March_1914" title="March 1914">March</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/April_1914" title="April 1914">April</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/May_1914" title="May 1914">May</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/June_1914" title="June 1914">June</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/July_1914" title="July 1914">July</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/August_1914" title="August 1914">August</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/September_1914" title="September 1914">September</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/October_1914" title="October 1914">October</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/November_1914" title="November 1914">November</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/December_1914" title="December 1914">December</a></dd></dl> </div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the year 1914. For the board game, see <a href="/wiki/1914_(game)" title="1914 (game)">1914 (game)</a>. For the film, see <a href="/wiki/1914_(film)" title="1914 (film)">1914 (film)</a>. For the poem, see <a href="/wiki/1914_(poem)" class="mw-redirect" title="1914 (poem)">1914 (poem)</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Calendar year</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/List_of_decades,_centuries,_and_millennia" title="List of decades, centuries, and millennia">Years</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Millennium</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <a href="/wiki/2nd_millennium" title="2nd millennium">2nd millennium</a></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Centuries</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/19th_century" title="19th century">19th century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/20th_century" title="20th century">20th century</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/21st_century" title="21st century">21st century</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Decades</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1890s" title="1890s">1890s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1900s" title="1900s">1900s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1910s" title="1910s">1910s</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/1920s" title="1920s">1920s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1930s" title="1930s">1930s</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_years" title="List of years">Years</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AD_1911" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1911">1911</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1912" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1912">1912</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1913" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1913">1913</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1914" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1914">1914</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1915" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1915">1915</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1916" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1916">1916</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1917" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1917">1917</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Year_nav" title="Template:Year nav"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Year_nav" title="Template talk:Year nav"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Year_nav" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Year nav"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330" /><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/Category:1914" title="Category:1914">1914 by topic</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color: #f3f3f3"> Subject</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1914_in_animation" title="1914 in animation">Animation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1914_in_archaeology" title="1914 in archaeology">Archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1914_in_architecture" title="1914 in architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1914_in_art" title="1914 in art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1914_in_aviation" title="1914 in aviation">Aviation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1914_awards" title="Category:1914 awards">Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1914_in_film" title="1914 in film">Film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1914_in_literature" title="1914 in literature">Literature</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1914_in_poetry" title="1914 in poetry">Poetry</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1914_meteorology" title="Category:1914 meteorology">Meteorology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1914_in_music" title="1914 in music">Music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1914_in_jazz" title="1914 in jazz">Jazz</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1914_in_rail_transport" title="1914 in rail transport">Rail transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1914_in_radio" title="1914 in radio">Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1914_in_science" title="1914 in science">Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1914_in_sports" title="1914 in sports">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1914_in_association_football" title="1914 in association football">Football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1914_in_television" class="mw-redirect" title="1914 in television">Television</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color: #f3f3f3"> By country</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1914_in_Afghanistan" title="1914 in Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1914_in_Argentina" title="1914 in Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1914_in_Australia" title="1914 in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1914_in_Belgium" title="1914 in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1914_in_Brazil" title="1914 in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1914_in_Bulgaria" class="mw-redirect" title="1914 in Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1914_in_Canada" title="1914 in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1914_in_China" title="1914 in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1914_in_Denmark" title="1914 in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1914_in_France" title="1914 in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1914_in_Germany" title="1914 in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1914_in_India" title="1914 in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1914_in_Ireland" title="1914 in Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1914_in_Italy" title="1914 in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1914_in_Japan" title="1914 in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1914_in_Mexico" title="1914 in Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1914_in_the_Netherlands" title="1914 in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1914_in_New_Zealand" title="1914 in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1914_in_Norway" title="1914 in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1914_in_Ottoman_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="1914 in Ottoman Syria">Ottoman Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1914_in_the_Philippines" title="1914 in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1914_in_Portugal" title="1914 in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1914_in_Russia" title="1914 in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1914_in_South_Africa" title="1914 in South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1914_in_Spain" title="1914 in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1914_in_Sweden" title="1914 in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1914_in_Switzerland" title="1914 in Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1914_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="1914 in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1914_in_the_United_States" title="1914 in the United States">United States</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color: #f3f3f3"> Lists of leaders</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_in_1914" class="mw-redirect" title="List of sovereign states in 1914">Sovereign states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_leaders_in_1914" class="mw-redirect" title="List of state leaders in 1914">Sovereign state leaders</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_dependent_territories_in_the_20th_century" title="List of governors of dependent territories in the 20th century">Territorial governors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_20th-century_religious_leaders" title="List of 20th-century religious leaders">Religious leaders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1914_in_law" title="Category:1914 in law">Law</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color: #f3f3f3"> Birth and death categories</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1914_births" title="Category:1914 births">Births</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1914_deaths" title="Category:1914 deaths">Deaths</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color: #f3f3f3"> Establishments and disestablishments categories</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1914_establishments" title="Category:1914 establishments">Establishments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1914_disestablishments" title="Category:1914 disestablishments">Disestablishments</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color: #f3f3f3"> Works category</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1914_works" title="Category:1914 works">Works</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1914_introductions" title="Category:1914 introductions">Introductions</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:C20_year_in_topic" title="Template:C20 year in topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:C20_year_in_topic" title="Template talk:C20 year in topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:C20_year_in_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:C20 year in topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="infobox vevent" style="width:22em"><caption style="font-size:125%">1914 in various <a href="/wiki/Calendar_era" title="Calendar era">calendars</a></caption><tbody><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Gregorian_calendar" title="Gregorian calendar">Gregorian calendar</a></td><td>1914 MCMXIV</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Ab_urbe_condita" title="Ab urbe condita">Ab urbe condita</a></td><td>2667</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Armenian_calendar" title="Armenian calendar">Armenian calendar</a></td><td>1363 ԹՎ ՌՅԿԳ</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_calendar" title="Assyrian calendar">Assyrian calendar</a></td><td>6664</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_calendar" title="Baháʼí calendar">Baháʼí calendar</a></td><td>70–71</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Balinese_saka_calendar" title="Balinese saka calendar">Balinese saka calendar</a></td><td>1835–1836</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Bengali_calendar" title="Bengali calendar">Bengali calendar</a></td><td>1320–1321</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Berber_calendar" title="Berber calendar">Berber calendar</a></td><td>2864</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Regnal_years_of_English_and_British_monarchs" title="Regnal years of English and British monarchs">British Regnal year</a></td><td>4 <a href="/wiki/George_V" title="George V">Geo. 5</a> – 5 <a href="/wiki/George_V" title="George V">Geo. 5</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_calendar" title="Buddhist calendar">Buddhist calendar</a></td><td>2458</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Burmese_calendar" title="Burmese calendar">Burmese calendar</a></td><td>1276</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_calendar" title="Byzantine calendar">Byzantine calendar</a></td><td>7422–7423</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Chinese_calendar" title="Chinese calendar">Chinese calendar</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Sexagenary_cycle" title="Sexagenary cycle">癸丑</a>年 (Water <a href="/wiki/Ox_(zodiac)" title="Ox (zodiac)">Ox</a>) 4611 or 4404     — to — 甲寅年 (Wood <a href="/wiki/Tiger_(zodiac)" title="Tiger (zodiac)">Tiger</a>) 4612 or 4405</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Coptic_calendar" title="Coptic calendar">Coptic calendar</a></td><td>1630–1631</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Discordian_calendar" title="Discordian calendar">Discordian calendar</a></td><td>3080</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_calendar" title="Ethiopian calendar">Ethiopian calendar</a></td><td>1906–1907</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_calendar" title="Hebrew calendar">Hebrew calendar</a></td><td>5674–5675</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Hindu_calendar" title="Hindu calendar">Hindu calendars</a></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> - <a href="/wiki/Vikram_Samvat" title="Vikram Samvat">Vikram Samvat</a></td><td>1970–1971</td></tr><tr><td> - <a href="/wiki/Indian_national_calendar" title="Indian national calendar">Shaka Samvat</a></td><td>1835–1836</td></tr><tr><td> - <a href="/wiki/Kali_Yuga" title="Kali Yuga">Kali Yuga</a></td><td>5014–5015</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Holocene_calendar" title="Holocene calendar">Holocene calendar</a></td><td>11914</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Igbo_calendar" title="Igbo calendar">Igbo calendar</a></td><td>914–915</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Iranian_calendars" title="Iranian calendars">Iranian calendar</a></td><td>1292–1293</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Islamic_calendar" title="Islamic calendar">Islamic calendar</a></td><td>1332–1333</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Japanese_calendar" title="Japanese calendar">Japanese calendar</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Taish%C5%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="Taishō">Taishō</a> 3 (大正３年)</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Javanese_calendar" title="Javanese calendar">Javanese calendar</a></td><td>1843–1845</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Juche_calendar" title="Juche calendar">Juche calendar</a></td><td>3</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Julian_calendar" title="Julian calendar">Julian calendar</a></td><td>Gregorian minus 13 days</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Korean_calendar" title="Korean calendar">Korean calendar</a></td><td>4247</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Minguo_calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Minguo calendar">Minguo calendar</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)" title="Republic of China (1912–1949)">ROC</a> 3 民國3年</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Nanakshahi_calendar" title="Nanakshahi calendar">Nanakshahi calendar</a></td><td>446</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Thai_solar_calendar" title="Thai solar calendar">Thai solar calendar</a></td><td>2456–2457</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_calendar" title="Tibetan calendar">Tibetan calendar</a></td><td>阴水牛年 (female Water-<a href="/wiki/Ox_(zodiac)" title="Ox (zodiac)">Ox</a>) 2040 or 1659 or 887     — to — 阳木虎年 (male Wood-<a href="/wiki/Tiger_(zodiac)" title="Tiger (zodiac)">Tiger</a>) 2041 or 1660 or 888</td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:1914" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:1914">1914</a>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735" /><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikiquote-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/40px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/60px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/120px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/1914" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/1914">1914</a>.</div></div> </div> 1914 (<a href="/wiki/Roman_numerals" title="Roman numerals">MCMXIV</a>) was a <a href="/wiki/Common_year_starting_on_Thursday" title="Common year starting on Thursday">common year starting on Thursday</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Gregorian_calendar" title="Gregorian calendar">Gregorian calendar</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Common_year_starting_on_Wednesday" title="Common year starting on Wednesday">common year starting on Wednesday</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Julian_calendar" title="Julian calendar">Julian calendar</a>, the 1914th year of the <a href="/wiki/Common_Era" title="Common Era">Common Era</a> (CE) and <a href="/wiki/Anno_Domini" title="Anno Domini">Anno Domini</a> (AD) designations, the 914th year of the <a href="/wiki/2nd_millennium" title="2nd millennium">2nd millennium</a>, the 14th year of the <a href="/wiki/20th_century" title="20th century">20th century</a>, and the 5th year of the <a href="/wiki/1910s" title="1910s">1910s</a> decade. As of the start of 1914, the Gregorian calendar was 13 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923. <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Calendar year</div> This year saw the beginning of what became known as the <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a>, after <a href="/wiki/Archduke_Franz_Ferdinand_of_Austria" title="Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria">Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria</a>, heir to the Austrian throne was <a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Archduke_Franz_Ferdinand" title="Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand">assassinated</a> by Serbian nationalist <a href="/wiki/Gavrilo_Princip" title="Gavrilo Princip">Gavrilo Princip</a>. It also saw the first airline to provide scheduled regular commercial passenger services with heavier-than-air aircraft, with the <a href="/wiki/St._Petersburg%E2%80%93Tampa_Airboat_Line" title="St. Petersburg–Tampa Airboat Line">St. Petersburg–Tampa Airboat Line</a>. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-2"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Events">Events</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1914&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Events">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="January">January</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1914&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: January">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/January_1914" title="January 1914">January 1914</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_1" title="January 1">January 1</a> – The <a href="/wiki/St._Petersburg%E2%80%93Tampa_Airboat_Line" title="St. Petersburg–Tampa Airboat Line">St. Petersburg–Tampa Airboat Line</a> in the United States starts services between <a href="/wiki/St._Petersburg,_Florida" title="St. Petersburg, Florida">St. Petersburg</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tampa,_Florida" title="Tampa, Florida">Tampa, Florida</a>, becoming the first airline to provide scheduled regular commercial passenger services with heavier-than-air aircraft, with <a href="/wiki/Tony_Jannus" title="Tony Jannus">Tony Jannus</a> (the first federally-licensed pilot) conveying passengers in a <a href="/wiki/Benoist_XIV" title="Benoist XIV">Benoist XIV</a> <a href="/wiki/Flying_boat" title="Flying boat">flying boat</a>. Abram C. Pheil, mayor of St. Petersburg, is the first airline passenger, and over 3,000 people witness the first departure.<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_11" title="January 11">January 11</a> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Sakurajima" title="Sakurajima">Sakurajima</a> <a href="/wiki/Volcano" title="Volcano">volcano</a> in Japan begins to erupt, becoming effusive after a very large earthquake on <a href="/wiki/January_13" title="January 13">January 13</a>. The lava flow causes the island which it forms to be linked to the <a href="/wiki/%C5%8Csumi_Peninsula" title="Ōsumi Peninsula">Ōsumi Peninsula</a>.<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/HMCS_Karluk" class="mw-redirect" title="HMCS Karluk">Karluk</a>, flagship of the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Arctic_Expedition" class="mw-redirect" title="Canadian Arctic Expedition">Canadian Arctic Expedition</a>, <a href="/wiki/Last_voyage_of_the_Karluk" title="Last voyage of the Karluk">sinks after being crushed by ice</a>.<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_29" title="January 29">January 29</a> – Tsar <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_II" title="Nicholas II">Nicholas II</a> of <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> dismisses his 4th Prime Minister, <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Kokovtsov" title="Vladimir Kokovtsov">Vladimir Kokovtsov</a> due to his "lack of control over the press", he is succeeded by <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Goremykin" title="Ivan Goremykin">Ivan Goremykin</a> for his second term</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="February">February</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1914&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: February">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/February_1914" title="February 1914">February 1914</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/February_8" title="February 8">February 8</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_national_football_team" title="Luxembourg national football team">Luxembourg national football team</a> has its first victory, beating <a href="/wiki/France_national_football_team" title="France national football team">France</a> 5–4 in a friendly match, for the first and only time in <a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">football</a> history.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_12" title="February 12">February 12</a> – In Washington, D.C., the first stone of the <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Memorial" title="Lincoln Memorial">Lincoln Memorial</a> is put into place.<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_13" title="February 13">February 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Copyright" title="Copyright">Copyright</a>: In New York City, the <a href="/wiki/American_Society_of_Composers,_Authors_and_Publishers" title="American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers">American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers</a> is established, to protect the copyrighted musical compositions of its members.<a href="#cite_note-Hill1987-5">[5]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_17" title="February 17">February 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Karl_Staaff" title="Karl Staaff">Karl Staaff</a> steps down as <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Sweden" title="Prime Minister of Sweden">Prime Minister</a> of <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a> in the aftermath of the <a href="/wiki/Courtyard_Crisis" title="Courtyard Crisis">Courtyard Crisis</a>. He is replaced by <a href="/wiki/Hjalmar_Hammarskj%C3%B6ld" title="Hjalmar Hammarskjöld">Hjalmar Hammarskjöld</a>, father of <a href="/wiki/Dag_Hammarskj%C3%B6ld" title="Dag Hammarskjöld">Dag Hammarskjöld</a>.<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_26" title="February 26">February 26</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Ocean_liner" title="Ocean liner">ocean liner</a> that will become <a href="/wiki/HMHS_Britannic" title="HMHS Britannic">HMHS Britannic</a>, sister to the <a href="/wiki/Titanic" title="Titanic">RMS Titanic</a>, is launched at the <a href="/wiki/Harland_and_Wolff" class="mw-redirect" title="Harland and Wolff">Harland and Wolff</a> shipyards in <a href="/wiki/Belfast" title="Belfast">Belfast</a>.<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_28" title="February 28">February 28</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Autonomous_Republic_of_Northern_Epirus" title="Autonomous Republic of Northern Epirus">Autonomous Republic of Northern Epirus</a> is proclaimed by ethnic <a href="/wiki/Greeks" title="Greeks">Greeks</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Northern_Epirus" title="Northern Epirus">Northern Epirus</a>.<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="March">March</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1914&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: March">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/March_1914" title="March 1914">March 1914</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/March_7" title="March 7">March 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/William,_Prince_of_Albania" class="mw-redirect" title="William, Prince of Albania">Prince William of Wied</a> arrives in <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Albania" title="Principality of Albania">Albania</a>, to begin his reign.<a href="#cite_note-Wright1919-9">[9]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_10" title="March 10">March 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Suffragette" title="Suffragette">Suffragette</a> <a href="/wiki/Mary_Richardson" title="Mary Richardson">Mary Richardson</a> damages <a href="/wiki/Diego_Vel%C3%A1zquez" title="Diego Velázquez">Velázquez</a>'s painting <a href="/wiki/Rokeby_Venus" title="Rokeby Venus">Rokeby Venus</a> in London's <a href="/wiki/National_Gallery" title="National Gallery">National Gallery</a>, with a meat chopper.<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_17" title="March 17">March 17</a> (<a href="/wiki/Saint_Patrick%27s_Day" title="Saint Patrick's Day">Saint Patrick's Day</a>) – Green beer is invented by Thomas H. Curtin, and displayed at the <a href="/wiki/Schnorrer_Club_of_Morrisania" title="Schnorrer Club of Morrisania">Schnorrer Club of Morrisania</a> in the Bronx, New York.<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_20" title="March 20">March 20</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Curragh_incident" title="Curragh incident">Curragh incident</a>: <a href="/wiki/British_Army" title="British Army">British Army</a> officers stationed in <a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Curragh_Camp" title="Curragh Camp">Curragh Camp</a> resign their commissions rather than be ordered to resist action by <a href="/wiki/Unionism_in_Ireland" title="Unionism in Ireland">Unionist</a> <a href="/wiki/Ulster_Volunteers" title="Ulster Volunteers">Ulster Volunteers</a> if the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Ireland_Act_1914" title="Government of Ireland Act 1914">Government of Ireland Act</a> ("Third Home Rule Bill") is passed in the Parliament of the United Kingdom.<a href="#cite_note-Cottrell-12">[12]</a> The government backs down and they are reinstated.</li> <li>Film <a href="/wiki/Tess_of_the_Storm_Country_(1914_film)" title="Tess of the Storm Country (1914 film)">Tess of the Storm Country</a> is released, propelling its star <a href="/wiki/Mary_Pickford" title="Mary Pickford">Mary Pickford</a> to new levels of fame, marking the rise of the modern <a href="/wiki/Celebrity" title="Celebrity">celebrity</a>.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_27" title="March 27">March 27</a> – Belgian surgeon <a href="/wiki/Albert_Hustin" title="Albert Hustin">Albert Hustin</a> makes the first successful non-direct <a href="/wiki/Blood_transfusion" title="Blood transfusion">blood transfusion</a>, using <a href="/wiki/Anticoagulant" title="Anticoagulant">anticoagulants</a>.<a href="#cite_note-AtkinsonBoulton1989-14">[14]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_29" title="March 29">March 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Katherine_Routledge" title="Katherine Routledge">Katherine Routledge</a> and her husband arrive on <a href="/wiki/Easter_Island" title="Easter Island">Easter Island</a>, to make the first true study of it (they depart in <a href="/wiki/August" title="August">August</a> <a href="/wiki/1915" title="1915">1915</a>).<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="April">April</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1914&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: April">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/April_1914" title="April 1914">April 1914</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/April_4" title="April 4">April 4</a>–<a href="/wiki/September_27" title="September 27">September 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Komagata_Maru_incident" title="Komagata Maru incident">Komagata Maru incident</a>: The <a href="/wiki/SS_Komagata_Maru" title="SS Komagata Maru">SS Komagata Maru</a> sails from India to Canada. Canadian regulations, designed to exclude Asian immigrants, prevent the boat from docking in Vancouver, and it is forced to return to <a href="/wiki/Calcutta" class="mw-redirect" title="Calcutta">Calcutta</a> with all its passengers.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_9" title="April 9">April 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Tampico_Affair" title="Tampico Affair">Tampico Affair</a>: A misunderstanding involving <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">United States Navy</a> sailors in <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a> and army troops loyal to Mexican dictator Victoriano Huerta leads to a breakdown in diplomatic relations between the United States and Mexico.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_11" title="April 11">April 11</a> – Canadian <a href="/wiki/Margaret_MacDonald_(nurse)" title="Margaret MacDonald (nurse)">Margaret C. MacDonald</a> is appointed Matron-in-Chief of the Canadian Nursing service band, and becomes the first woman in the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a> to reach the rank of major.<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_14" title="April 14">April 14</a>–<a href="/wiki/April_18" title="April 18">18</a> – The first International Criminal Police Congress is held in <a href="/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco">Monaco</a>; 24 countries are represented, including some from Asia, Europe, and the Americas; the Dean of the Paris Law School is president.<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_20" title="April 20">April 20</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colorado_Coalfield_War" title="Colorado Coalfield War">Colorado Coalfield War</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ludlow_Massacre" title="Ludlow Massacre">Ludlow Massacre</a>: The <a href="/wiki/Colorado_National_Guard" title="Colorado National Guard">Colorado National Guard</a> attacks a tent colony of 1,200 striking coal miners in <a href="/wiki/Ludlow,_Colorado" title="Ludlow, Colorado">Ludlow, Colorado</a>, killing 21 people.<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a></li> <li>President <a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson" title="Woodrow Wilson">Woodrow Wilson</a> asks the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">United States Congress</a> to use military force in Mexico, in reaction to the <a href="/wiki/Tampico_Affair" title="Tampico Affair">Tampico Affair</a>.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_21" title="April 21">April 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/United_States_occupation_of_Veracruz" class="mw-redirect" title="United States occupation of Veracruz">United States occupation of Veracruz</a>: 2,300 U.S. Navy sailors and Marines from the South Atlantic fleet land in the port city of <a href="/wiki/Veracruz_(city)" title="Veracruz (city)">Veracruz</a>, Mexico, which they will occupy for over six months. The <a href="/wiki/Ypiranga_incident" title="Ypiranga incident">Ypiranga incident</a> occurs when they attempt to enforce an arms embargo against Mexico, by preventing the German cargo steamer <a href="/wiki/SS_Ypiranga" title="SS Ypiranga">SS Ypiranga</a> from unloading arms for the Mexican government in the port.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_22" title="April 22">April 22</a> – Mexico ends diplomatic relations with the United States for the time being.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_23" title="April 23">April 23</a> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Afrikaans" title="Afrikaans">Afrikaans</a> language receives official recognition, when <a href="/wiki/Cornelis_Jacobus_Langenhoven" title="Cornelis Jacobus Langenhoven">Cornelis Jacobus Langenhoven</a> addresses the English caucus of the <a href="/wiki/Cape_Provincial_Council" title="Cape Provincial Council">Cape Provincial Council</a>.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MLB" class="mw-redirect" title="MLB">MLB</a> <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Federals" class="mw-redirect" title="Chicago Federals">Chicago Federals</a> host the <a href="/wiki/Kansas_City_Packers" title="Kansas City Packers">Kansas City Packers</a> in the 1st game played at Weeghman Park (the later <a href="/wiki/Wrigley_Field" title="Wrigley Field">Wrigley Field</a>).<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_24" title="April 24">April 24</a>–<a href="/wiki/April_25" title="April 25">25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Larne_Gun_Running" class="mw-redirect" title="Larne Gun Running">Larne Gun Running</a>: 35,000 rifles and over 3 million rounds of ammunition from a German dealer are landed at <a href="/wiki/Larne" title="Larne">Larne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bangor,_Northern_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangor, Northern Ireland">Bangor</a> and <a href="/wiki/Donaghadee" title="Donaghadee">Donaghadee</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ulster" title="Ulster">Ulster</a> for the Unionist Ulster Volunteers.<a href="#cite_note-Cottrell-12">[12]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="May">May</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1914&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: May">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/May_1914" title="May 1914">May 1914</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/May_1" title="May 1">May 1</a>–<a href="/wiki/November_1" title="November 1">November 1</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Exposition_internationale_urbaine_de_Lyon" title="Exposition internationale urbaine de Lyon">Exposition Internationale</a> is held at <a href="/wiki/Lyon" title="Lyon">Lyon</a>, <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>.<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_5" title="May 5">May 5</a>–<a href="/wiki/October_11" title="October 11">October 11</a> – The <a href="/wiki/1914_Jubilee_Exhibition" title="1914 Jubilee Exhibition">Jubilee Exhibition</a> (Jubilæumsutstillingen) is held at <a href="/wiki/Kristiania" class="mw-redirect" title="Kristiania">Kristiania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a>, to mark the centennial of the country's <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Norway" title="Constitution of Norway">constitution</a>.<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_8" title="May 8">May 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Paramount_Pictures" title="Paramount Pictures">Paramount Pictures</a> is created by <a href="/wiki/W._W._Hodkinson" class="mw-redirect" title="W. W. Hodkinson">W. W. Hodkinson</a> as a national film distributor in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_9" title="May 9">May 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/J._T._Hearne" title="J. T. Hearne">J. T. Hearne</a> in England becomes the first <a href="/wiki/Bowler_(cricket)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bowler (cricket)">bowler</a> to take 3,000 <a href="/wiki/First-class_cricket" title="First-class cricket">first-class</a> wickets.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_17" title="May 17">May 17</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Protocol_of_Corfu" title="Protocol of Corfu">Protocol of Corfu</a> provides for the provinces of <a href="/wiki/Kor%C3%A7%C3%AB" title="Korçë">Korçë</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gjirokast%C3%ABr" title="Gjirokastër">Gjirokastër</a>, constituting <a href="/wiki/Northern_Epirus" title="Northern Epirus">Northern Epirus</a>, to be granted autonomy under the nominal sovereignty of <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Albania" title="Principality of Albania">Albania</a>.<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_25" title="May 25">May 25</a> – The <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="House of Commons of the United Kingdom">House of Commons of the United Kingdom</a> passes the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Ireland_Act_1914" title="Government of Ireland Act 1914">Government of Ireland Act 1914</a>, the "Irish Home Rule Bill".<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_29" title="May 29">May 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ocean_liner" title="Ocean liner">Ocean liner</a> <a href="/wiki/RMS_Empress_of_Ireland" title="RMS Empress of Ireland">RMS Empress of Ireland</a> sinks in the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_St._Lawrence" title="Gulf of St. Lawrence">Gulf of St. Lawrence</a> following a collision; 1,012 lives are lost.<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_30" title="May 30">May 30</a> – Ocean liner <a href="/wiki/RMS_Aquitania" title="RMS Aquitania">RMS Aquitania</a> makes her maiden voyage.<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="June">June</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1914&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: June">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/June_1914" title="June 1914">June 1914</a></div> <ul><li>c. June – Blaise Diagne of <a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a> becomes the first Black African representative in the French Parliament.<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_1" title="June 1">June 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson" title="Woodrow Wilson">Woodrow Wilson</a>'s envoy, <a href="/wiki/Edward_Mandell_House" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward Mandell House">Edward Mandell House</a>, meets with <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_II,_German_Emperor" class="mw-redirect" title="Wilhelm II, German Emperor">Kaiser Wilhelm II</a>.<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_8" title="June 8">June 8</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Football_Confederation" title="Brazilian Football Confederation">Brazilian Football Confederation</a> is founded, with <a href="/wiki/%C3%81lvaro_Zamith" title="Álvaro Zamith">Álvaro Zamith</a> as its first president. The <a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Olympic_Committee" title="Brazilian Olympic Committee">Brazilian Olympic Committee</a> is founded on the same day.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_9" title="June 9">June 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh_Pirates" title="Pittsburgh Pirates">Pittsburgh Pirate</a> <a href="/wiki/Honus_Wagner" title="Honus Wagner">Honus Wagner</a> becomes the first baseball player in the twentieth century with <a href="/wiki/3,000_hit_club" class="mw-redirect" title="3,000 hit club">3,000</a> career hits.<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_12" title="June 12">June 12</a>–<a href="/wiki/June_18" title="June 18">18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Greek_genocide" title="Greek genocide">Greek genocide</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Greeks" title="Ottoman Greeks">Ottoman Greeks</a> in <a href="/wiki/Fo%C3%A7a" title="Foça">Phocaea</a> are <a href="/wiki/Massacre_of_Phocaea" title="Massacre of Phocaea">massacred</a> by <a href="/wiki/Military_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Military of the Ottoman Empire">Turkish irregular troops</a>.<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_18" title="June 18">June 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mexican_Revolution" title="Mexican Revolution">Mexican Revolution</a>: The Constitutionals take <a href="/wiki/San_Luis_Potos%C3%AD" title="San Luis Potosí">San Luis Potosí</a>; <a href="/wiki/Venustiano_Carranza" title="Venustiano Carranza">Venustiano Carranza</a> demands <a href="/wiki/Victoriano_Huerta" title="Victoriano Huerta">Victoriano Huerta</a>'s surrender.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_23" title="June 23">June 23</a> – After it had been closed so that it could be deepened, the <a href="/wiki/Kiel_Canal" title="Kiel Canal">Kaiser-Wilhelm-Kanal</a> is reopened by the <a href="/wiki/Kaiser" title="Kaiser">Kaiser</a>; the British Fleet under <a href="/wiki/Sir_George_Warrender,_7th_Baronet" title="Sir George Warrender, 7th Baronet">Sir George Warrender</a> visits; the Kaiser inspects the <a href="/wiki/Dreadnought" title="Dreadnought">Dreadnought</a> <a href="/wiki/HMS_King_George_V_(1911)" title="HMS King George V (1911)">HMS King George V</a>.<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_24" title="June 24">June 24</a> – In <a href="/wiki/Manchester,_New_Hampshire" title="Manchester, New Hampshire">Manchester, New Hampshire</a>, a downtown fire causes $400,000 worth of damage and injures 19 firemen.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li></ul> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gavrilo_Princip_captured_in_Sarajevo_1914.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Gavrilo_Princip_captured_in_Sarajevo_1914.jpg/250px-Gavrilo_Princip_captured_in_Sarajevo_1914.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Gavrilo_Princip_captured_in_Sarajevo_1914.jpg/330px-Gavrilo_Princip_captured_in_Sarajevo_1914.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Gavrilo_Princip_captured_in_Sarajevo_1914.jpg/500px-Gavrilo_Princip_captured_in_Sarajevo_1914.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1602" data-file-height="1028" /></a><figcaption>This picture of the <a href="/wiki/Arrest_of_a_suspect_in_Sarajevo" class="mw-redirect" title="Arrest of a suspect in Sarajevo">arrest of a suspect in Sarajevo</a> is usually associated with the arrest of <a href="/wiki/Gavrilo_Princip" title="Gavrilo Princip">Gavrilo Princip</a>, although some<a href="#cite_note-FinestoneMassie-39">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-OneMorningSarajevo-40">[40]</a> believe it depicts Ferdinand Behr, a bystander.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/June_28" title="June 28">June 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Archduke_Franz_Ferdinand_of_Austria" class="mw-redirect" title="Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria">Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria</a>: <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Serbia" title="Kingdom of Serbia">Serbian</a> nationalist <a href="/wiki/Gavrilo_Princip" title="Gavrilo Princip">Gavrilo Princip</a>, 19, assassinates <a href="/wiki/Archduke_Franz_Ferdinand_of_Austria" title="Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria">Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria</a> and his wife, <a href="/wiki/Sophie,_Duchess_of_Hohenberg" title="Sophie, Duchess of Hohenberg">Duchess Sophie</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Sarajevo" title="Sarajevo">Sarajevo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a>, triggering the <a href="/wiki/July_Crisis" title="July Crisis">July Crisis</a> overnight and eventually <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>. <a href="/wiki/Anti-Serb_riots_in_Sarajevo" title="Anti-Serb riots in Sarajevo">Anti-Serb riots in Sarajevo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zagreb" title="Zagreb">Zagreb</a> break out.<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_29" title="June 29">June 29</a> <ul><li>The Secretary of the Austro-Hungarian Legation at <a href="/wiki/Belgrade" title="Belgrade">Belgrade</a> sends a dispatch to <a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a>, suggesting Serbian complicity in the crime of Sarajevo. Anti-Serb riots continue throughout Bosnia.<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khioniya_Guseva" title="Khioniya Guseva">Khioniya Guseva</a> attempts and fails to assassinate <a href="/wiki/Grigori_Rasputin" title="Grigori Rasputin">Grigori Rasputin</a> at his hometown in <a href="/wiki/Siberia" title="Siberia">Siberia</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>The International Exhibition opens at the "White City", <a href="/wiki/Ashton_Gate,_Bristol" title="Ashton Gate, Bristol">Ashton Gate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bristol" title="Bristol">Bristol</a>, England, U.K. It closes on August 15, and the site is used as a military depot.<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_30" title="June 30">June 30</a> – Among those addressing the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Parliament of the United Kingdom">Parliament of the United Kingdom</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Archduke_Franz_Ferdinand" title="Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand">assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand</a> are Lords <a href="/wiki/Robert_Crewe-Milnes,_1st_Marquess_of_Crewe" title="Robert Crewe-Milnes, 1st Marquess of Crewe">Crewe</a> and <a href="/wiki/Henry_Petty-Fitzmaurice,_5th_Marquess_of_Lansdowne" title="Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice, 5th Marquess of Lansdowne">Lansdowne</a> in the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Lords" title="House of Lords">House of Lords</a>, and Messrs <a href="/wiki/H._H._Asquith" title="H. H. Asquith">Asquith</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bonar_Law" title="Bonar Law">Law</a> in the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="House of Commons of the United Kingdom">Commons</a>.<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="July">July</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1914&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: July">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/July_1914" title="July 1914">July 1914</a>, <a href="/wiki/Causes_of_World_War_I" title="Causes of World War I">Causes of World War I</a>, and <a href="/wiki/July_Crisis" title="July Crisis">July Crisis</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/July_1" title="July 1">July 1</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Royal_Naval_Air_Service" title="Royal Naval Air Service">Royal Naval Air Service</a>, a forerunner of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force" title="Royal Air Force">Royal Air Force</a>, is established in the United Kingdom.<a href="#cite_note-Circular-47">[47]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_2" title="July 2">July 2</a> – The German <a href="/wiki/Kaiser" title="Kaiser">Kaiser</a> announces that he will not attend the funeral of Archduke Franz Ferdinand.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_4" title="July 4">July 4</a> <ul><li>The funeral of <a href="/wiki/Archduke_Franz_Ferdinand_of_Austria" title="Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria">Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria</a> takes place at <a href="/wiki/Artstetten_Castle" title="Artstetten Castle">Artstetten Castle</a>, 50 miles west of <a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Austria-Hungary" title="Austria-Hungary">Austria-Hungary</a>.<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lexington_Avenue_bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="Lexington Avenue bombing">Lexington Avenue bombing</a>: Four people are killed in New York City when an <a href="/wiki/Anarchist" class="mw-redirect" title="Anarchist">anarchist</a> bomb intended to kill <a href="/wiki/John_D._Rockefeller" title="John D. Rockefeller">John D. Rockefeller</a> explodes prematurely, in the conspirator's apartment.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_5" title="July 5">July 5</a> – A council is held at <a href="/wiki/Potsdam" title="Potsdam">Potsdam</a>: powerful leaders within Austria-Hungary and Germany meet to discuss the possibilities of war with Serbia, Russia and France.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_7" title="July 7">July 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Austria-Hungary" title="Austria-Hungary">Austria-Hungary</a> convenes a Council of Ministers, including Ministers for Foreign Affairs and War, the Chief of the General Staff, and Naval Commander-in-Chief; the Council lasts from 11:30 am until 6:15 pm.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_9" title="July 9">July 9</a> – The Emperor of <a href="/wiki/Austria-Hungary" title="Austria-Hungary">Austria-Hungary</a> receives the report of the Austro-Hungarian investigation into the <a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Archduke_Franz_Ferdinand_of_Austria" class="mw-redirect" title="Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria">assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria</a> at Sarajevo. <a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a> of London publishes an account of the Austro-Hungarian press campaign against the Serbians (who are described as "pestilent rats").[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_10" title="July 10">July 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Hartwig" title="Nicholas Hartwig">Nicholas Hartwig</a>, Russian Minister to <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Serbia" title="Kingdom of Serbia">Serbia</a>, dies of a <a href="/wiki/Myocardial_infarction" title="Myocardial infarction">heart attack</a> while visiting Austrian minister <a href="/wiki/Wladimir_Giesl_von_Gieslingen" title="Wladimir Giesl von Gieslingen">Wladimir Giesl von Gieslingen</a> at the Austrian Legation in <a href="/wiki/Belgrade" title="Belgrade">Belgrade</a>.<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_11" title="July 11">July 11</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball" title="Major League Baseball">Baseball</a> legend <a href="/wiki/Babe_Ruth" title="Babe Ruth">Babe Ruth</a> makes his major league debut, with the <a href="/wiki/Boston_Red_Sox" title="Boston Red Sox">Boston Red Sox</a>.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Nevada_(BB-36)" title="USS Nevada (BB-36)">USS Nevada</a>, the United States Navy's first "<a href="/wiki/Dreadnought#Super-dreadnoughts" title="Dreadnought">super-dreadnought</a>" <a href="/wiki/Battleship" title="Battleship">battleship</a>, is launched.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>Over 5,000 people attend a rally in <a href="/wiki/Union_Square,_Manhattan" title="Union Square, Manhattan">Union Square, Manhattan</a>, called by the Anti-Militarist League to commemorate the <a href="/wiki/Anarchist" class="mw-redirect" title="Anarchist">anarchists</a> killed in the July 4th <a href="/wiki/Lexington_Avenue_bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="Lexington Avenue bombing">Lexington Avenue bombing</a>.<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_13" title="July 13">July 13</a> – Reports surface of a projected Serbian attack upon the Austro-Hungarian Legation at <a href="/wiki/Belgrade" title="Belgrade">Belgrade</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_14" title="July 14">July 14</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Ireland_Act_1914" title="Government of Ireland Act 1914">Government of Ireland Bill</a> completes its passage through the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Lords" title="House of Lords">House of Lords</a> in the U.K. It allows <a href="/wiki/Ulster" title="Ulster">Ulster</a> counties to vote on whether or not they wish to participate in Home Rule from Dublin. Because of the outbreak of war in Europe and later developments in Ireland, the Act is never implemented in its original form.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_15" title="July 15">July 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mexican_Revolution" title="Mexican Revolution">Mexican Revolution</a>: <a href="/wiki/Victoriano_Huerta" title="Victoriano Huerta">Victoriano Huerta</a> resigns from the presidency of Mexico and leaves for <a href="/wiki/Coatzacoalcos" title="Coatzacoalcos">Coatzacoalcos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Veracruz" title="Veracruz">Veracruz</a>.<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_18" title="July 18">July 18</a> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Signal_Corps_(United_States_Army)" class="mw-redirect" title="Signal Corps (United States Army)">Signal Corps</a> of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">United States Army</a> establishes an Aviation Section, giving definite status to its air service for the first time.<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fleet_review_(Commonwealth_realms)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fleet review (Commonwealth realms)">The British Fleet is reviewed</a> at <a href="/wiki/Spithead" title="Spithead">Spithead</a>, by <a href="/wiki/George_V" title="George V">George V</a>.<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandhi" class="mw-redirect" title="Gandhi">Mahatma Gandhi</a> leaves South Africa for the last time, sailing out of <a href="/wiki/Cape_Town" title="Cape Town">Cape Town</a> for England, on board the S.S. Kinfauns Castle.<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_19" title="July 19">July 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/George_V" title="George V">George V</a> summons a conference to discuss the <a href="/wiki/Irish_Home_Rule" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish Home Rule">Irish Home Rule</a> problem. It meets from <a href="/wiki/July_21" title="July 21">July 21</a>–<a href="/wiki/July_24" title="July 24">24</a>, without reaching consensus.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_23" title="July 23">July 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/July_Ultimatum" class="mw-redirect" title="July Ultimatum">July Ultimatum</a>: Austria-Hungary presents Serbia with an unconditional ultimatum.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_25" title="July 25">July 25</a> – Serbia responds to the ultimatum from the 23rd accepting some but not all of Austria-Hungary's demands. In response Austria-Hungary severs diplomatic ties with <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Serbia" title="Kingdom of Serbia">Serbia</a> and begins to <a href="/wiki/Mobilization" title="Mobilization">mobilise</a> its own forces. <a href="/wiki/Radomir_Putnik" title="Radomir Putnik">Radomir Putnik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chief_of_the_Serbian_General_Staff" title="Chief of the Serbian General Staff">Chief of the Serbian General Staff</a>, is arrested in <a href="/wiki/Budapest" title="Budapest">Budapest</a>, but subsequently allowed to return to Serbia.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_26" title="July 26">July 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Howth_gun-running" title="Howth gun-running">Howth gun-running</a>: former British civil servant and novelist <a href="/wiki/Erskine_Childers_(author)" title="Erskine Childers (author)">Erskine Childers</a> and his wife <a href="/wiki/Molly_Childers" title="Molly Childers">Molly</a> sail into <a href="/wiki/Howth" title="Howth">Howth</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a> in his yacht <a href="/wiki/Asgard_(yacht)" title="Asgard (yacht)">Asgard</a> and land 2,500 guns for the nationalist <a href="/wiki/Irish_Volunteers" title="Irish Volunteers">Irish Volunteers</a> from a German dealer. <a href="/wiki/British_Army" title="British Army">British Army</a> troops of the <a href="/wiki/King%27s_Own_Scottish_Borderers" title="King's Own Scottish Borderers">King's Own Scottish Borderers</a>, returning to <a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a> having been called out to assist police in attempting to prevent the Volunteers from moving the arms to the city, perpetrate the <a href="/wiki/Bachelor%27s_Walk_massacre" title="Bachelor's Walk massacre">Bachelor's Walk massacre</a>, firing on a crowd of protestors at Bachelors Walk, killing three; a fourth man dies later from bayonet wounds and more than 37 others are injured.<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_27" title="July 27">July 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Felix_Ysagun_Manalo" class="mw-redirect" title="Felix Ysagun Manalo">Felix Ysagun Manalo</a> registers the <a href="/wiki/Iglesia_ni_Cristo" title="Iglesia ni Cristo">Iglesia ni Cristo</a> (Church of Christ) with the <a href="/wiki/Government" title="Government">government</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>.<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a></li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_Europe_alliances_1914-en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Map_Europe_alliances_1914-en.svg/220px-Map_Europe_alliances_1914-en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Map_Europe_alliances_1914-en.svg/330px-Map_Europe_alliances_1914-en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Map_Europe_alliances_1914-en.svg/440px-Map_Europe_alliances_1914-en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1002" data-file-height="593" /></a><figcaption>Map of European alliances in 1914 <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Triple_Entente" title="Triple Entente">Triple Entente</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" /><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Triple_Alliance_(1882)" title="Triple Alliance (1882)">Triple Alliance</a></div></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/July_28" title="July 28">July 28</a> <ul><li>The official start of <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> when <a href="/wiki/Austria-Hungary" title="Austria-Hungary">Austria-Hungary</a> declares war on <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Serbia" title="Kingdom of Serbia">Serbia</a> by telegram. Tsar <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_II_of_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicholas II of Russia">Nicholas II of Russia</a> orders a partial mobilization against Austria-Hungary.<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henriette_Caillaux" title="Henriette Caillaux">Henriette Caillaux</a>, wife of French minister <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Caillaux" title="Joseph Caillaux">Joseph Caillaux</a>, is acquitted of the murder of <a href="/wiki/Gaston_Calmette" title="Gaston Calmette">Gaston Calmette</a> by reason of <a href="/wiki/Crime_passionnel" class="mw-redirect" title="Crime passionnel">crime passionnel</a>.<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_28" title="July 28">July 28</a>–<a href="/wiki/August_10" title="August 10">August 10</a> – World War I: <a href="/wiki/Pursuit_of_Goeben_and_Breslau" title="Pursuit of Goeben and Breslau">Pursuit of Goeben and Breslau</a>: British and French naval forces fail to prevent the ships of the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_German_Navy" title="Imperial German Navy">Imperial German Navy</a> <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Division" title="Mediterranean Division">Mediterranean Division</a> from reaching the <a href="/wiki/Dardanelles" title="Dardanelles">Dardanelles</a>.<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_29" title="July 29">July 29</a> <ul><li>World War I: <a href="/wiki/Austro-Hungarian_Navy" title="Austro-Hungarian Navy">Austro-Hungarian Navy</a> <a href="/wiki/River_monitor" title="River monitor">river monitor</a> <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_monitor_Sava" title="Yugoslav monitor Sava">SMS Bodrog</a> fires the first shots of the war, opening the bombardment of the defenses of <a href="/wiki/Belgrade" title="Belgrade">Belgrade</a>, Serbia's capital.<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a></li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a>, the new <a href="/wiki/Cape_Cod_Canal" title="Cape Cod Canal">Cape Cod Canal</a> opens; it shortens the trip between New York and <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a> by 66 miles, but also turns Cape Cod into an island.<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_31" title="July 31">July 31</a> – <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russia</a> orders full mobilisation.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="August">August</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1914&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: August">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/August_1914" title="August 1914">August 1914</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1994-022-19A,_Mobilmachung,_Truppentransport_mit_der_Bahn.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1994-022-19A%2C_Mobilmachung%2C_Truppentransport_mit_der_Bahn.jpg/220px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1994-022-19A%2C_Mobilmachung%2C_Truppentransport_mit_der_Bahn.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1994-022-19A%2C_Mobilmachung%2C_Truppentransport_mit_der_Bahn.jpg/330px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1994-022-19A%2C_Mobilmachung%2C_Truppentransport_mit_der_Bahn.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1994-022-19A%2C_Mobilmachung%2C_Truppentransport_mit_der_Bahn.jpg/440px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1994-022-19A%2C_Mobilmachung%2C_Truppentransport_mit_der_Bahn.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="517" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mobilization" title="Mobilization">Mobilization</a> in Germany.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/August_1" title="August 1">August 1</a> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">German Empire</a> <a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_war" title="Declaration of war">declares war</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a>, following Russia's military <a href="/wiki/Mobilization" title="Mobilization">mobilization</a> in support of Serbia; Germany also begins mobilisation.<a href="#cite_note-:1-66">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Third_Republic" title="French Third Republic">France</a> orders general mobilisation.<a href="#cite_note-:1-66">[66]</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/New_York_Stock_Exchange" title="New York Stock Exchange">New York Stock Exchange</a> is closed because of the outbreak of the war in Europe, where nearly all stock exchanges are already closed.<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcus_Garvey" title="Marcus Garvey">Marcus Garvey</a> founds the <a href="/wiki/Universal_Negro_Improvement_Association" class="mw-redirect" title="Universal Negro Improvement Association">Universal Negro Improvement Association</a> in <a href="/wiki/Jamaica" title="Jamaica">Jamaica</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_2" title="August 2">August 2</a> <ul><li>German troops occupy <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a>, in accordance with the <a href="/wiki/Schlieffen_Plan" title="Schlieffen Plan">Schlieffen Plan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a></li> <li>A secret treaty between the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a> and <a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">German Empires</a> secures Ottoman neutrality.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>At 19:00 (local time) Germany issues a 12-hour ultimatum to neutral Belgium, to allow German passage into France.<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_3" title="August 3">August 3</a> <ul><li>Germany declares war on Russia's ally, <a href="/wiki/French_Third_Republic" title="French Third Republic">France</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:2-72">[72]</a></li> <li>At 07:00 (local time) Belgium declines to accept Germany's ultimatum of August 2.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li></ul></li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Britain_declares_war--Daily_Mail_Aug_5,_1914.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Britain_declares_war--Daily_Mail_Aug_5%2C_1914.jpg/250px-Britain_declares_war--Daily_Mail_Aug_5%2C_1914.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="248" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Britain_declares_war--Daily_Mail_Aug_5%2C_1914.jpg/330px-Britain_declares_war--Daily_Mail_Aug_5%2C_1914.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Britain_declares_war--Daily_Mail_Aug_5%2C_1914.jpg/500px-Britain_declares_war--Daily_Mail_Aug_5%2C_1914.jpg 2x" data-file-width="646" data-file-height="729" /></a><figcaption>Front page of the London <a href="/wiki/Daily_Mail" title="Daily Mail">Daily Mail</a> on Aug 5, 1914</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/August_4" title="August 4">August 4</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>: <a href="/wiki/German_invasion_of_Belgium_(1914)" title="German invasion of Belgium (1914)">German invasion of Belgium</a> – At 08:02 (local time) <a href="/wiki/Imperial_German_Army" title="Imperial German Army">Imperial German Army</a> troops enter Belgium, bringing the <a href="/wiki/July_Crisis" title="July Crisis">July Crisis</a> to a climax. At 23:00 (GMT) the <a href="/wiki/British_entry_into_World_War_I" title="British entry into World War I">British entry into World War I</a> takes place when King <a href="/wiki/George_V" title="George V">George V</a> in London declares war on Germany for this violation of Belgian neutrality (protected by the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_London_(1839)" title="Treaty of London (1839)">Treaty of London (1839)</a>) and especially to defend France. This means a declaration of war by the whole <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a> against the <a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">German Empire</a>. The United States declares neutrality.<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a></li> <li>World War I: <a href="/wiki/Imperial_German_Navy" title="Imperial German Navy">Imperial German Navy</a> Rear-Admiral <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Souchon" title="Wilhelm Souchon">Wilhelm Souchon</a> bombards the <a href="/wiki/French_Algeria" title="French Algeria">French Algerian</a> ports of <a href="/wiki/Annaba" title="Annaba">Bône</a> and <a href="/wiki/Skikda" title="Skikda">Philippeville</a> from battlecruiser <a href="/wiki/SMS_Goeben" title="SMS Goeben">Goeben</a> and light cruiser <a href="/wiki/SMS_Breslau" title="SMS Breslau">Breslau</a>.<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ittihad_Alexandria" class="mw-redirect" title="Ittihad Alexandria">Ittihad Alexandria</a> sports club is founded in <a href="/wiki/Alexandria" title="Alexandria">Alexandria</a>, Egypt.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_5" title="August 5">August 5</a> <ul><li>Germany declares war on Belgium.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Montenegro" title="Kingdom of Montenegro">Kingdom of Montenegro</a> declares war on <a href="/wiki/Austria-Hungary" title="Austria-Hungary">Austria-Hungary</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>The guns of <a href="/wiki/Point_Nepean" title="Point Nepean">Point Nepean</a> fort at <a href="/wiki/Port_Phillip" title="Port Phillip">Port Phillip</a> Heads in <a href="/wiki/Victoria_(Australia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Victoria (Australia)">Victoria (Australia)</a> fire across the bows of the <a href="/wiki/Norddeutscher_Lloyd" title="Norddeutscher Lloyd">Norddeutscher Lloyd</a> steamer <a href="/wiki/SS_Pfalz_(1913)" title="SS Pfalz (1913)">SS Pfalz</a>, which is attempting to leave the <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Melbourne" title="Port of Melbourne">Port of Melbourne</a> in ignorance of the declaration of war, and she is detained; this is said to be the first <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_I" title="Allies of World War I">Allied</a> shot of the war.<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_K%C3%B6nigin_Luise_(1913)" title="SS Königin Luise (1913)">SS Königin Luise</a>, taken over two days earlier by the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_German_Navy" title="Imperial German Navy">Imperial German Navy</a> as a <a href="/wiki/Minelayer" title="Minelayer">minelayer</a>, lays <a href="/wiki/Naval_mine" title="Naval mine">mines</a> 40 miles (64 km) off the east coast of England. She is intercepted and sunk by the British <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a> <a href="/wiki/Light_cruiser" title="Light cruiser">light cruiser</a> <a href="/wiki/HMS_Amphion_(1911)" title="HMS Amphion (1911)">HMS Amphion</a>, the first German naval loss of the war. The following day, Amphion strikes mines laid by the Königin Luise and is sunk with some loss of life, in the first British casualties of the war.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>German <a href="/wiki/Zeppelin" title="Zeppelin">zeppelins</a> drop bombs on <a href="/wiki/Li%C3%A8ge" title="Liège">Liège</a>, Belgium, killing 9 civilians.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>The first electric <a href="/wiki/Traffic_light" title="Traffic light">traffic light</a> is installed between Euclid Avenue and East 105 Street, in <a href="/wiki/Cleveland" title="Cleveland">Cleveland</a>, Ohio.<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_5" title="August 5">August 5</a>–<a href="/wiki/August_16" title="August 16">16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Li%C3%A8ge" title="Battle of Liège">Battle of Liège</a>: The German Army overruns and defeats the Belgians with the first operational use of <a href="/wiki/Big_Bertha_(howitzer)" title="Big Bertha (howitzer)">Big Bertha</a>.<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_6" title="August 6">August 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austria-Hungary" title="Austria-Hungary">Austria-Hungary</a> declares war on Russia.<a href="#cite_note-:2-72">[72]</a></li> <li>The first engagement between capital ships (<a href="/wiki/Light_cruiser" title="Light cruiser">light cruisers</a>) of the British <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_German_Navy" title="Imperial German Navy">Imperial German Navy</a> occurs, when <a href="/wiki/HMS_Bristol_(1910)" title="HMS Bristol (1910)">HMS Bristol</a> pursues the <a href="/wiki/SMS_Karlsruhe" title="SMS Karlsruhe">SMS Karlsruhe</a> (which escapes) in the <a href="/wiki/West_Indies" title="West Indies">West Indies</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_7" title="August 7">August 7</a> – World War I: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mulhouse" title="Battle of Mulhouse">Battle of Mulhouse</a>: France launches its first attack of the war, in an ultimately unsuccessful attempt to recover the province of <a href="/wiki/Alsace" title="Alsace">Alsace</a> from Germany, beginning the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Frontiers" title="Battle of the Frontiers">Battle of the Frontiers</a>.<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a></li> <li>British colonial troops of the British <a href="/wiki/Ghana_Regiment" title="Ghana Regiment">Gold Coast Regiment</a>, entering the German West African colony of <a href="/wiki/Togoland" title="Togoland">Togoland</a>, encounter the German-led police force at a factory in <a href="/wiki/Nuatja" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuatja">Nuatja</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Lom%C3%A9" title="Lomé">Lomé</a>, and the police open fire on the patrol.<a href="#cite_note-Times_1940-79">[79]</a> <a href="/wiki/Alhaji_Grunshi" title="Alhaji Grunshi">Alhaji Grunshi</a> returns fire,<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> the first soldier in British service to fire a shot in the war.<a href="#cite_note-Times_1940-79">[79]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_8" title="August 8">August 8</a> <ul><li>German colonial forces execute <a href="/wiki/Martin-Paul_Samba" title="Martin-Paul Samba">Martin-Paul Samba</a>, for <a href="/wiki/High_treason" class="mw-redirect" title="High treason">high treason</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>Sir <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Shackleton" title="Ernest Shackleton">Ernest Shackleton</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Trans-Antarctic_Expedition" title="Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition">Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition</a> sets sail on the <a href="/wiki/Endurance_(1912_ship)" title="Endurance (1912 ship)">Endurance</a> from Britain, in an attempt to cross Antarctica.<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_9" title="August 9">August 9</a> – World War I: British Royal Navy light cruiser <a href="/wiki/HMS_Birmingham_(1913)" title="HMS Birmingham (1913)">HMS Birmingham</a> rams and sinks German <a href="/wiki/Submarine" title="Submarine">submarine</a> <a href="/wiki/SM_U-15_(Germany)" title="SM U-15 (Germany)">U-15</a> off <a href="/wiki/Fair_Isle" title="Fair Isle">Fair Isle</a>, the first <a href="/wiki/U-boat" title="U-boat">U-boat</a> lost in action.<a href="#cite_note-Pocket_On_This_Day-82">[82]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_12" title="August 12">August 12</a> – World War I: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Halen" title="Battle of Halen">Battle of Halen</a>: Belgian troops defeat German cavalry, but the battle does little to delay the <a href="/wiki/German_invasion_of_Belgium_(1914)" title="German invasion of Belgium (1914)">German invasion of Belgium</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Declarations_of_war_by_Great_Britain_and_the_United_Kingdom" title="Declarations of war by Great Britain and the United Kingdom">Formal declaration of war by the United Kingdom</a> on <a href="/wiki/Austria-Hungary" title="Austria-Hungary">Austria-Hungary</a>.<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_13" title="August 13">August 13</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Teoloyucan_Treaties" title="Teoloyucan Treaties">Teoloyucan Treaties</a> are signed in the <a href="/wiki/State_of_Mexico" title="State of Mexico">State of Mexico</a>.<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_15" title="August 15">August 15</a> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Panama_Canal" title="Panama Canal">Panama Canal</a> is inaugurated with the passage of the <a href="/wiki/SS_Ancon" title="SS Ancon">SS Ancon</a>.<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_Revolution" title="Mexican Revolution">Mexican Revolution</a>: <a href="/wiki/Venustiano_Carranza" title="Venustiano Carranza">Venustiano Carranza</a>'s troops under general <a href="/wiki/%C3%81lvaro_Obreg%C3%B3n" title="Álvaro Obregón">Álvaro Obregón</a> enter Mexico City.<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_15" title="August 15">August 15</a>–<a href="/wiki/August_24" title="August 24">24</a> – World War I: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cer" title="Battle of Cer">Battle of Cer</a> – Serbian troops defeat the Austro-Hungarian army, marking the first Entente victory of the War.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_16" title="August 16">August 16</a> – World War I: <ul><li>German warships <a href="/wiki/SMS_Goeben" title="SMS Goeben">SMS Goeben</a> and <a href="/wiki/SMS_Breslau" title="SMS Breslau">Breslau</a> (both commissioned in 1912), which reached <a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a> on <a href="/wiki/August_10" title="August 10">August 10</a>, are transferred to the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Navy" title="Ottoman Navy">Ottoman Navy</a>, Goeben becoming its flagship, Yavuz Sultan Selim.<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Nyasa" class="mw-redirect" title="Lake Nyasa">Lake Nyasa</a> is the scene of a brief naval battle, when Captain Edmund Rhoades, commander of the British steamship <a href="/wiki/SS_Gwendolen" title="SS Gwendolen">SS Gwendolen</a>, hears that war has broken out, and he receives orders from the British high command to "sink, burn, or destroy" the German Empire's only ship on the lake, the Hermann von Wissmann, commanded by a Captain Berndt. Rhoades's crew finds the Hermann von Wissmann in a bay near "Sphinxhaven", in German East African territorial waters. Gwendolen disables the German vessel with a single cannon shot from a range of about 1,800 meters (2,000 yards). This very brief engagement is hailed by The Times in London as the British Empire's first naval victory of World War I.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_17" title="August 17">August 17</a>–<a href="/wiki/September_2" title="September 2">September 2</a> – World War I: The <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tannenberg" title="Battle of Tannenberg">Battle of Tannenberg</a> begins between German and Russian forces.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_20" title="August 20">August 20</a> <ul><li>World War I: <a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">German</a> forces occupy <a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a>.<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">Pope</a> <a href="/wiki/Pius_X" class="mw-redirect" title="Pius X">Pius X</a> dies.<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:British_recruits_August_1914_Q53234.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/British_recruits_August_1914_Q53234.jpg/220px-British_recruits_August_1914_Q53234.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/British_recruits_August_1914_Q53234.jpg/330px-British_recruits_August_1914_Q53234.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/British_recruits_August_1914_Q53234.jpg/440px-British_recruits_August_1914_Q53234.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3442" data-file-height="2480" /></a><figcaption>British volunteer recruits in <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a></figcaption></figure></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_22" title="August 22">August 22</a> – World War I: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rossignol" title="Battle of Rossignol">Battle of Rossignol</a> – German forces decisively defeat the French.<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_23" title="August 23">August 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mons" title="Battle of Mons">Battle of Mons</a>: In its first major action, the <a href="/wiki/British_Expeditionary_Force_(World_War_I)" title="British Expeditionary Force (World War I)">British Expeditionary Force</a> holds the German forces but then begins a month-long fighting <a href="/wiki/Great_Retreat" title="Great Retreat">Great Retreat</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Marne_(river)" title="Marne (river)">Marne</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Japan</a> declares war on Germany.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_26" title="August 26">August 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="World War">World War</a> I: <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Togoland_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Togoland Campaign">Togoland Campaign</a> ends with the German West African colony of <a href="/wiki/Togoland" title="Togoland">Togoland</a> (<a href="/wiki/Togo" title="Togo">Togo</a> from <a href="/wiki/1960" title="1960">1960</a>) surrendering to Britain and France.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_R%C3%ADo_de_Oro" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Río de Oro">Battle of Río de Oro</a>: British Royal Navy <a href="/wiki/Protected_cruiser" title="Protected cruiser">protected cruiser</a> <a href="/wiki/HMS_Highflyer_(1898)" title="HMS Highflyer (1898)">HMS Highflyer</a> forces the <a href="/wiki/SS_Kaiser_Wilhelm_der_Grosse" title="SS Kaiser Wilhelm der Grosse">SS Kaiser Wilhelm der Grosse</a>, sailing as an <a href="/wiki/Auxiliary_cruiser" class="mw-redirect" title="Auxiliary cruiser">auxiliary cruiser</a>, to <a href="/wiki/Scuttling" title="Scuttling">scuttle</a> off northwest Africa.<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_26" title="August 26">August 26</a>–<a href="/wiki/August_27" title="August 27">27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Le_Cateau" title="Battle of Le Cateau">Battle of Le Cateau</a>: British, French, and Belgian forces make a successful tactical retreat from the German advance.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_26" title="August 26">August 26</a>–<a href="/wiki/August_30" title="August 30">30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tannenberg" title="Battle of Tannenberg">Battle of Tannenberg</a>: The Russian <a href="/wiki/2nd_Army_(Russian_Empire)" title="2nd Army (Russian Empire)">Second Army</a> is surrounded and defeated.<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_28" title="August 28">August 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Heligoland_Bight_(1914)" title="Battle of Heligoland Bight (1914)">Battle of Heligoland Bight</a>: British cruisers under Admiral Beatty sink three German cruisers.<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_29" title="August 29">August 29</a>–<a href="/wiki/August_30" title="August 30">30</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_St._Quentin_(1914)" title="Battle of St. Quentin (1914)">Battle of St. Quentin</a>: French forces hold back the German advance.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="September">September</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1914&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: September">edit</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Benedictus_XV.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Benedictus_XV.jpg/250px-Benedictus_XV.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="296" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Benedictus_XV.jpg/330px-Benedictus_XV.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Benedictus_XV.jpg/500px-Benedictus_XV.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1005" data-file-height="1488" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XV" title="Pope Benedict XV">Pope Benedict XV</a>, the new pope</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/September_1914" title="September 1914">September 1914</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/September_1" title="September 1">September 1</a> <ul><li>(August 19 <a href="/wiki/Old_Style" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Style">Old Style</a>) <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a> in Russia changes its name to Petrograd.<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a></li> <li>The last known <a href="/wiki/Passenger_pigeon" title="Passenger pigeon">passenger pigeon</a>, a female named Martha, dies in the <a href="/wiki/Cincinnati_Zoo" class="mw-redirect" title="Cincinnati Zoo">Cincinnati Zoo</a> from old age.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_2" title="September 2">September 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>: The French village of <a href="/wiki/Moronvilliers" title="Moronvilliers">Moronvilliers</a> is occupied by the Germans.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_3" title="September 3">September 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>: <ul><li>The Austro-Hungarian city and fortress of <a href="/wiki/Lviv" title="Lviv">Lemberg</a> falls to Russian troops.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XV" title="Pope Benedict XV">Pope Benedict XV</a> (Giacomo della Chiesa) succeeds <a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_X" title="Pope Pius X">Pope Pius X</a>, becoming the 258th pope.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William,_Prince_of_Albania" class="mw-redirect" title="William, Prince of Albania">William, Prince of Albania</a> leaves the country after just six months, due to opposition to his rule.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_5" title="September 5">September 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>: <ul><li>London Agreement: No member of the <a href="/wiki/Triple_Entente" title="Triple Entente">Triple Entente</a> (<a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">Britain</a>, <a href="/wiki/French_Third_Republic" title="French Third Republic">France</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russia</a>) may seek a separate peace with the <a href="/wiki/Central_Powers" title="Central Powers">Central Powers</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_the_Marne" title="First Battle of the Marne">First Battle of the Marne</a> begins: Situated north-east of Paris, the <a href="/wiki/French_6th_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="French 6th Army">French 6th Army</a> under <a href="/wiki/Michel-Joseph_Maunoury" title="Michel-Joseph Maunoury">General Maunoury</a> attacks German forces near Paris. Over 2,000,000 fight (500,000 are killed/wounded) in the <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_I" title="Allies of World War I">Allied</a> victory. A French and British counterattack at the <a href="/wiki/Marne_(river)" title="Marne (river)">Marne</a> ends the German advance on Paris.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>British <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a> <a href="/wiki/Scout_cruiser" title="Scout cruiser">scout cruiser</a> <a href="/wiki/HMS_Pathfinder_(1904)" title="HMS Pathfinder (1904)">HMS Pathfinder</a> is sunk by <a href="/wiki/SM_U-21_(Germany)" title="SM U-21 (Germany)">German submarine U-21</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Firth_of_Forth" title="Firth of Forth">Firth of Forth</a> (Scotland), the first ship ever to be sunk by a locomotive <a href="/wiki/Torpedo" title="Torpedo">torpedo</a> fired from a <a href="/wiki/Submarine" title="Submarine">submarine</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_6" title="September 6">September 6</a>–<a href="/wiki/September_8" title="September 8">8</a> – French Army troops are rushed from Paris to join the First Battle of the Marne using <a href="/wiki/Renault_Type_AG" class="mw-redirect" title="Renault Type AG">Renault Type AG</a> taxicabs.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_7" title="September 7">September 7</a> – World War I: <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> declares war on Belgium.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_10" title="September 10">September 10</a> – World War I: South Africa declares war on Germany.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_11" title="September 11">September 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>: <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rawa" title="Battle of Rawa">Battle of Rawa</a> ends in the defeat of Austro-Hungarian forces by the Russians.<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_the_Masurian_Lakes" title="First Battle of the Masurian Lakes">First Battle of the Masurian Lakes</a>: A German offensive pushes the <a href="/wiki/Russian_First_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian First Army">Russian First Army</a> back across its entire front.<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bita_Paka" title="Battle of Bita Paka">Battle of Bita Paka</a>: The <a href="/wiki/Australian_Naval_and_Military_Expeditionary_Force" title="Australian Naval and Military Expeditionary Force">Australian Naval and Military Expeditionary Force</a> lands on <a href="/wiki/German_New_Guinea" title="German New Guinea">German New Guinea</a> and secures a strategically significant wireless station, the first major Australian military engagement of the War.<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_13" title="September 13">September 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>: <ul><li>The conclusion of the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Grand_Couronn%C3%A9" title="Battle of Grand Couronné">Battle of Grand Couronné</a> ends the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Frontiers" title="Battle of the Frontiers">Battle of the Frontiers</a>, with the north-east segment of the <a href="/wiki/Western_Front_(World_War_I)" title="Western Front (World War I)">Western Front</a> stabilising.<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_South_Africa" title="Union of South Africa">South African</a> troops open hostilities in <a href="/wiki/German_South-West_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="German South-West Africa">German South-West Africa</a> (modern-day <a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia">Namibia</a>), with an assault on the Ramansdrift police station.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_14" title="September 14">September 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Royal_Australian_Navy" title="Royal Australian Navy">Royal Australian Navy</a> submarine <a href="/wiki/HMAS_AE1" title="HMAS AE1">HMAS AE1</a> vanishes while on combat patrol near <a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea" title="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a>, beginning one of Australia's longest naval mysteries; the sunken vessel will not be discovered for another 103 years.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_15" title="September 15">September 15</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Maritz_Rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="Maritz Rebellion">Maritz Rebellion</a> of disaffected <a href="/wiki/Boer" class="mw-redirect" title="Boer">Boers</a> against the government of the <a href="/wiki/Union_of_South_Africa" title="Union of South Africa">Union of South Africa</a> begins. General <a href="/wiki/Koos_de_la_Rey" title="Koos de la Rey">Koos de la Rey</a>, a Boer general associated with the leaders of the rebellion, is shot dead after his driver fails to stop at a police roadblock.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_17" title="September 17">September 17</a> <ul><li>World War I: The <a href="/wiki/Race_to_the_Sea" title="Race to the Sea">Race to the Sea</a>, by opposing forces on the <a href="/wiki/Western_Front_(World_War_I)" title="Western Front (World War I)">Western Front</a>, begins.<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Fisher" title="Andrew Fisher">Andrew Fisher</a> becomes <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Australia" title="Prime Minister of Australia">Prime Minister of Australia</a> for the third time.<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_21" title="September 21">September 21</a> – World War I: British Imperial police forces capture <a href="/wiki/Luhonono" title="Luhonono">Schuckmannsburg</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/Caprivi_Strip" title="Caprivi Strip">Caprivi Strip</a> of <a href="/wiki/German_South-West_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="German South-West Africa">German South-West Africa</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_22" title="September 22">September 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_22_September_1914" title="Action of 22 September 1914">Action of 22 September 1914</a>: German submarine <a href="/wiki/SM_U-9" title="SM U-9">U-9</a> torpedoes three British <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a> <a href="/wiki/Armoured_cruiser" class="mw-redirect" title="Armoured cruiser">armoured cruisers</a>, <a href="/wiki/HMS_Aboukir_(1900)" title="HMS Aboukir (1900)">HMS Aboukir</a>, <a href="/wiki/HMS_Cressy_(1899)" title="HMS Cressy (1899)">Cressy</a> and <a href="/wiki/HMS_Hogue_(1900)" title="HMS Hogue (1900)">Hogue</a>, with the death of more than 1,400 men, in the North Sea.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombardment_of_Papeete" title="Bombardment of Papeete">Bombardment of Papeete</a>: German naval forces bombard Papeete, <a href="/wiki/French_Polynesia" title="French Polynesia">French Polynesia</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>German light cruiser <a href="/wiki/SMS_Emden" title="SMS Emden">SMS Emden</a> bombards <a href="/wiki/Madras" class="mw-redirect" title="Madras">Madras</a>, the only <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">Indian</a> city to be attacked by the <a href="/wiki/Central_Powers" title="Central Powers">Central Powers</a> in the War.<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>]</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_25" title="September 25">September 25</a> – World War I: The first <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Albert_(1914)" title="Battle of Albert (1914)">Battle of Albert</a> begins as part of the Race to the Sea.<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_26" title="September 26">September 26</a> – The United States <a href="/wiki/Federal_Trade_Commission" title="Federal Trade Commission">Federal Trade Commission</a> (FTC) is established, by the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Trade_Commission_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Trade Commission Act">Federal Trade Commission Act</a>.<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_28" title="September 28">September 28</a> – World War I: The <a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_the_Aisne" title="First Battle of the Aisne">First Battle of the Aisne</a> ends indecisively.<a href="#cite_note-Engineering1953-104">[104]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_30" title="September 30">September 30</a> <ul><li>World War I: <a href="/wiki/British_Indian_Army" title="British Indian Army">British Indian Army</a> <a href="/wiki/Indian_Army_during_World_War_I#Indian_Expeditionary_Force_A" title="Indian Army during World War I">Expeditionary Force A</a> arrives at <a href="/wiki/Marseille" title="Marseille">Marseille</a> for service in the <a href="/wiki/Ypres_Salient" title="Ypres Salient">Ypres Salient</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Western_Front_(World_War_I)" title="Western Front (World War I)">Western Front</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Flying_Squadron_of_America" title="Flying Squadron of America">Flying Squadron of America</a> is established to promote the <a href="/wiki/Temperance_movement" title="Temperance movement">temperance movement</a>.<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="October">October</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1914&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: October">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/October_1914" title="October 1914">October 1914</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/October_3" title="October 3">October 3</a> – World War I: 25,000 <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canadian</a> troops depart for Europe.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_4" title="October 4">October 4</a> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/1914_Burdur_earthquake" title="1914 Burdur earthquake">1914 Burdur earthquake</a> occurs in <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>.<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Manifesto_of_the_Ninety-Three" title="Manifesto of the Ninety-Three">Manifesto of the Ninety-Three</a> is signed by prominent academics supporting the early <a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">German</a> war effort.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_9" title="October 9">October 9</a> – World War I: <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Antwerp_(1914)" title="Siege of Antwerp (1914)">Siege of Antwerp</a>: <a href="/wiki/Antwerp" title="Antwerp">Antwerp</a> (Belgium) falls to German troops.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_14" title="October 14">October 14</a> – World War I: The <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Expeditionary_Force" title="Canadian Expeditionary Force">Canadian Expeditionary Force</a> arrives on 32 <a href="/wiki/Ocean_liner" title="Ocean liner">ocean liners</a> in <a href="/wiki/Plymouth_Sound" title="Plymouth Sound">Plymouth Sound</a>.<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_16" title="October 16">October 16</a>–<a href="/wiki/October_31" title="October 31">31</a> – World War I: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Yser" title="Battle of the Yser">Battle of the Yser</a>: The Belgian army halts the German advance, but with heavy losses.<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_19" title="October 19">October 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>: <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Ypres" title="First Battle of Ypres">First Battle of Ypres</a> begins.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Race_to_the_Sea" title="Race to the Sea">Race to the Sea</a> effectively ends, with the <a href="/wiki/Western_Front_(World_War_I)" title="Western Front (World War I)">Western Front</a> reaching the Belgian coast.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_27" title="October 27">October 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>: <ul><li>British <a href="/wiki/Super-dreadnought" class="mw-redirect" title="Super-dreadnought">super-dreadnought</a> battleship <a href="/wiki/HMS_Audacious_(1912)" title="HMS Audacious (1912)">HMS Audacious</a> (23,400 tons) is sunk off <a href="/wiki/Tory_Island" title="Tory Island">Tory Island</a>, north-west of Ireland, by a minefield laid by the armed German merchant-cruiser Berlin.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>The Greek army occupies <a href="/wiki/Northern_Epirus" title="Northern Epirus">Northern Epirus</a> with the approval of the <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_I" title="Allies of World War I">Allies</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_28" title="October 28">October 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Penang" title="Battle of Penang">Battle of Penang</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Malaya" title="British Malaya">Malaya</a>: German cruiser <a href="/wiki/SMS_Emden_(1906)" class="mw-redirect" title="SMS Emden (1906)">Emden</a> sinks a Russian cruiser and French destroyer, before escaping.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>Participants in the <a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Archduke_Franz_Ferdinand_of_Austria" class="mw-redirect" title="Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria">Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria</a> are sentenced at Sarajevo. <a href="/wiki/Gavrilo_Princip" title="Gavrilo Princip">Gavrilo Princip</a>, being under 20 years of age at the time of the assassination, cannot be given the death penalty, and is given a 20-year prison sentence instead.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_29" title="October 29">October 29</a> – World War I: <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman</a> warships shell Russian <a href="/wiki/Black_Sea" title="Black Sea">Black Sea</a> ports; Russia, France and Britain declare war on the Ottoman Empire, <a href="/wiki/November_1" title="November 1">November 1</a>–<a href="/wiki/November_5" title="November 5">5</a>.<a href="#cite_note-a_to_z-109">[109]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_31" title="October 31">October 31</a> – World War I: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Vistula_River" title="Battle of the Vistula River">Battle of the Vistula River</a> concludes in a Russian victory over German and Austro-Hungarian forces around Warsaw.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="November">November</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1914&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: November">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/November_1914" title="November 1914">November 1914</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/November_1" title="November 1">November 1</a> – World War I: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Coronel" title="Battle of Coronel">Battle of Coronel</a> – A British <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a> squadron commanded by Rear-Admiral Sir <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Cradock" title="Christopher Cradock">Christopher Cradock</a> is met in the eastern Pacific and defeated by superior German forces led by Vice-Admiral <a href="/wiki/Maximilian_von_Spee" title="Maximilian von Spee">Maximilian von Spee</a> in the first British naval defeat of the war, resulting in the loss of <a href="/wiki/HMS_Good_Hope_(1901)" title="HMS Good Hope (1901)">HMS Good Hope</a> and <a href="/wiki/HMS_Monmouth_(1901)" title="HMS Monmouth (1901)">HMS Monmouth</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_5" title="November 5">November 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">Britain</a> and <a href="/wiki/French_Third_Republic" title="French Third Republic">France</a> <a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_war" title="Declaration of war">declare war</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>.<a href="#cite_note-a_to_z-109">[109]</a> The United Kingdom annexes <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a>, which it controls until the island's declaration of independence in <a href="/wiki/1960" title="1960">1960</a>.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tanga" title="Battle of Tanga">Battle of Tanga</a> ends, with the British <a href="/wiki/Indian_Army_during_World_War_I#Indian_Expeditionary_Force_B" title="Indian Army during World War I">Indian Expeditionary Force B</a> failing to capture <a href="/wiki/German_East_Africa" title="German East Africa">German East Africa</a> defences.<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpha_Phi_Delta" title="Alpha Phi Delta">Alpha Phi Delta</a> is founded as a social <a href="/wiki/Fraternities_and_sororities_in_North_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Fraternities and sororities in North America">fraternity</a> at <a href="/wiki/Syracuse_University" title="Syracuse University">Syracuse University</a> in the United States.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_7" title="November 7">November 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Tsingtao" title="Siege of Tsingtao">Siege of Tsingtao</a>: The Japanese and British seize <a href="/wiki/Jiaozhou_Bay" title="Jiaozhou Bay">Jiaozhou Bay</a> in China, the base of the German <a href="/wiki/East_Asia_Squadron" title="East Asia Squadron">East Asia Squadron</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_9" title="November 9">November 9</a> – World War I: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cocos" title="Battle of Cocos">Battle of Cocos</a> – The German cruiser <a href="/wiki/SMS_Emden_(1906)" class="mw-redirect" title="SMS Emden (1906)">Emden</a>, the last active warship of the <a href="/wiki/Central_Powers" title="Central Powers">Central Powers</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean" title="Indian Ocean">Indian Ocean</a>, is sunk by the Australian cruiser <a href="/wiki/HMAS_Sydney_(1912)" title="HMAS Sydney (1912)">Sydney</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_11" title="November 11">November 11</a> – With the <a href="/wiki/1914_Ottoman_jihad_proclamation" title="1914 Ottoman jihad proclamation">1914 Ottoman jihad proclamation</a>, Ottoman Sultan <a href="/wiki/Mehmed_V" title="Mehmed V">Mehmed V</a> proclaimed holy war.<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_13" title="November 13">November 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Zaian_War" title="Zaian War">Zaian War</a>: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_El_Herri" title="Battle of El Herri">Battle of El Herri</a> – <a href="/wiki/Zayanes" title="Zayanes">Zayanes</a> (<a href="/wiki/Berbers" title="Berbers">Berbers</a>) in Morocco overpower French forces.<a href="#cite_note-Brasillach2002-112">[112]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_14" title="November 14">November 14</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Joensuu_Town_Hall" class="mw-redirect" title="Joensuu Town Hall">Joensuu Town Hall</a>, designed by <a href="/wiki/Eliel_Saarinen" title="Eliel Saarinen">Eliel Saarinen</a>, is inaugurated in <a href="/wiki/Joensuu" title="Joensuu">Joensuu</a>, Finland.<a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_16" title="November 16">November 16</a> – A year after being created by passage of the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Reserve_Act_of_1913" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Reserve Act of 1913">Federal Reserve Act of 1913</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Reserve_Bank" title="Federal Reserve Bank">Federal Reserve Bank</a> of the United States officially opens for business.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_21" title="November 21">November 21</a> – In <a href="/wiki/New_Haven,_Connecticut" title="New Haven, Connecticut">New Haven, Connecticut</a>, the new <a href="/wiki/Yale_Bowl" title="Yale Bowl">Yale Bowl</a> officially opens; Harvard defeats Yale 36–0 in the first American football game held here.<a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_23" title="November 23">November 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mexican_Revolution" title="Mexican Revolution">Mexican Revolution</a>: The last U.S. forces withdraw from <a href="/wiki/Veracruz" title="Veracruz">Veracruz</a>, occupied seven months earlier in response to the <a href="/wiki/Tampico_Affair" title="Tampico Affair">Tampico Affair</a>; <a href="/wiki/Venustiano_Carranza" title="Venustiano Carranza">Venustiano Carranza</a>'s troops take over, and Carranza makes the town his headquarters.<a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_24" title="November 24">November 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Benito_Mussolini" title="Benito Mussolini">Benito Mussolini</a> is expelled from the <a href="/wiki/Italian_Socialist_Party" title="Italian Socialist Party">Italian Socialist Party</a>.<a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_28" title="November 28">November 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>: Following a war-induced closure in July, the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Stock_Exchange" title="New York Stock Exchange">New York Stock Exchange</a> re-opens for <a href="/wiki/Bond_(finance)" title="Bond (finance)">bond</a> trading.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="December">December</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1914&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: December">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/December_1914" title="December 1914">December 1914</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/December_2" title="December 2">December 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Serbian_Campaign_(World_War_I)" class="mw-redirect" title="Serbian Campaign (World War I)">Serbian Campaign (World War I)</a>: Austro-Hungarian forces occupy Belgrade, Serbia.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_5" title="December 5">December 5</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Trans-Antarctic_Expedition" title="Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition">Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition</a> begins its attempt to make the first land crossing of <a href="/wiki/Antarctica" title="Antarctica">Antarctica</a>.<a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_8" title="December 8">December 8</a> – World War I: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Falkland_Islands" title="Battle of the Falkland Islands">Battle of the Falkland Islands</a>: A superior British <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a> squadron under <a href="/wiki/Doveton_Sturdee" title="Doveton Sturdee">Doveton Sturdee</a> defeats ships of the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_German_Navy" title="Imperial German Navy">Imperial German Navy</a> under <a href="/wiki/Maximilian_von_Spee" title="Maximilian von Spee">Maximilian von Spee</a> (who goes down with his ship).[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_12" title="December 12">December 12</a> – The <a href="/wiki/New_York_Stock_Exchange" title="New York Stock Exchange">New York Stock Exchange</a> re-opens fully, having been closed since <a href="/wiki/August_1" title="August 1">August 1</a>, except for bond trading.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_15" title="December 15">December 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/H%C5%8Dj%C5%8D_Coal_Mine_Disaster" title="Hōjō Coal Mine Disaster">Hōjō Coal Mine Disaster</a>: A gas explosion at the Mitsubishi Hōjō mine in <a href="/wiki/Ky%C5%ABsh%C5%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Kyūshū">Kyūshū</a>, Japan, kills 687 people (the worst coal mine disaster in Japanese history).[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_16" title="December 16">December 16</a> – World War I: <a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Scarborough,_Hartlepool_and_Whitby" title="Raid on Scarborough, Hartlepool and Whitby">Raid on Scarborough, Hartlepool and Whitby</a>: <a href="/wiki/Imperial_German_Navy" title="Imperial German Navy">Imperial German Navy</a> battlecruisers bombard British North Sea ports, resulting in 137 deaths, mostly civilians.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_17" title="December 17">December 17</a> – United States President <a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson" title="Woodrow Wilson">Woodrow Wilson</a> signs the <a href="/wiki/Harrison_Narcotics_Tax_Act" title="Harrison Narcotics Tax Act">Harrison Narcotics Tax Act</a> (initially introduced by <a href="/wiki/Francis_Burton_Harrison" title="Francis Burton Harrison">Francis Burton Harrison</a>). This begins the ongoing international <a href="/wiki/War_on_drugs" title="War on drugs">war on drugs</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_18" title="December 18">December 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Egypt" title="Sultanate of Egypt">Egypt</a> becomes a British <a href="/wiki/Protectorate" title="Protectorate">protectorate</a>.<a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_19" title="December 19">December 19</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_Campaign_(World_War_I)" class="mw-redirect" title="Serbian Campaign (World War I)">Serbian Campaign (World War I)</a>: The <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kolubara" title="Battle of Kolubara">Battle of Kolubara</a> ends, resulting in a decisive <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Serbia" title="Kingdom of Serbia">Serbian</a> victory over <a href="/wiki/Austria-Hungary" title="Austria-Hungary">Austria-Hungary</a>.<a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohandas_Gandhi" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohandas Gandhi">Mohandas Gandhi</a> leaves England, sailing for India on this date (accompanied by his wife <a href="/wiki/Kasturba_Gandhi" title="Kasturba Gandhi">Kasturba</a>). He begins to learn the <a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali language</a> whilst on board.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_20" title="December 20">December 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Tokyo_Station" title="Tokyo Station">Tokyo Station</a> officially opens in <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>, replacing <a href="/wiki/Shinbashi_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Shinbashi Station">Shinbashi Station</a> as Tokyo's main terminal.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_24" title="December 24">December 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>: An unofficial and temporary <a href="/wiki/Christmas_truce" title="Christmas truce">Christmas truce</a> begins between British and German soldiers on the <a href="/wiki/Western_Front_(World_War_I)" title="Western Front (World War I)">Western Front</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_25" title="December 25">December 25</a> – World War I: <a href="/wiki/Cuxhaven_Raid" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuxhaven Raid">Cuxhaven Raid</a>: British aircraft launched from warships attack the German port of <a href="/wiki/Cuxhaven" title="Cuxhaven">Cuxhaven</a> with submarine support, although little damage is caused.<a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Date_unknown">Date unknown</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1914&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Date unknown">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>The capital of the <a href="/wiki/Guangxi_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Guangxi Province">Guangxi Province</a> of China is moved from <a href="/wiki/Guilin" title="Guilin">Guilin</a> to <a href="/wiki/Nanning" title="Nanning">Nanning</a>.<a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxymorphone" title="Oxymorphone">Oxymorphone</a>, a powerful narcotic analgesic closely related to morphine, is first developed in Germany.<a href="#cite_note-MillerCucchiara1994-122">[122]</a></li> <li>The first everyday items made of <a href="/wiki/Stainless_steel" title="Stainless steel">stainless steel</a> come into public circulation.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>The Port of <a href="/wiki/Orange,_Texas" title="Orange, Texas">Orange, Texas</a>, is dredged for the fabrication of vessels for the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">United States Navy</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>Phi Sigma, a local undergraduate classical club, is founded by a group of students in the Greek Department at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago" title="University of Chicago">University of Chicago</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>Watchmaker <a href="/wiki/Glycine_Watch_SA" class="mw-redirect" title="Glycine Watch SA">Glycine Watch SA</a> is founded by Eugène Meylan in Switzerland.<a href="#cite_note-dutch-123">[123]</a></li> <li>Fashion and perfumes company <a href="/wiki/Puig_(company)" title="Puig (company)">Puig</a> is founded in <a href="/wiki/Barcelona" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodman%27s_of_Essex" title="Woodman's of Essex">Woodman's of Essex</a>, the famous family-owned clam shack on Boston's North Shore, is opened.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Births">Births</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1914&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Births">edit</a>]</div> <div style="text-align: center;"> <table id="toc" class="toc" summary="Births" style="margin: auto; text-align: center; display: inline-block;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Births </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="#January_2">January</a> · <a href="#February_2">February</a> · <a href="#March_2">March</a> · <a href="#April_2">April</a> · <a href="#May_2">May</a> · <a href="#June_2">June</a> · <a href="#July_2">July</a> · <a href="#August_2">August</a> · <a href="#September_2">September</a> · <a href="#October_2">October</a> · <a href="#November_2">November</a> · <a href="#December_2">December</a> </td></tr></tbody></table></div><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="January_2">January</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1914&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: January">edit</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Noor_Inayat_Khan.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Noor_Inayat_Khan.jpeg/120px-Noor_Inayat_Khan.jpeg" decoding="async" width="100" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Noor_Inayat_Khan.jpeg/250px-Noor_Inayat_Khan.jpeg 1.5x" data-file-width="605" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Noor_Inayat_Khan" title="Noor Inayat Khan">Noor Inayat Khan</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_1" title="January 1">January 1</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Noor_Inayat_Khan" title="Noor Inayat Khan">Noor Inayat Khan</a> (aka Nora Baker), World War II heroine (executed <a href="/wiki/1944" title="1944">1944</a>)<a href="#cite_note-SchmittrothRosteck1998-124">[124]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anita_Mackey" title="Anita Mackey">Anita Mackey</a>, American social worker (d. <a href="/wiki/2024" title="2024">2024</a>)<a href="#cite_note-CJ-125">[125]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_4" title="January 4">January 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Vernant" title="Jean-Pierre Vernant">Jean-Pierre Vernant</a>, French historian and anthropologist (d. <a href="/wiki/2007" title="2007">2007</a>)<a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_5" title="January 5">January 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/George_Reeves" title="George Reeves">George Reeves</a>, American actor (Superman) (d. <a href="/wiki/1959" title="1959">1959</a>)<a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_9" title="January 9">January 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Kenny_Clarke" title="Kenny Clarke">Kenny Clarke</a>, American jazz drummer and bandleader (d. <a href="/wiki/1985" title="1985">1985</a>)<a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_10" title="January 10">January 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Yu_Kuo-hwa" title="Yu Kuo-hwa">Yu Kuo-hwa</a>, Chinese politician, 23rd <a href="/wiki/Premier_of_the_Republic_of_China" title="Premier of the Republic of China">Premier of the Republic of China</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/2000" title="2000">2000</a>)<a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_14" title="January 14">January 14</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Magda_Fedor" title="Magda Fedor">Magda Fedor</a>, Hungarian sports shooter (d. <a href="/wiki/2017" title="2017">2017</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Russell" title="Harold Russell">Harold Russell</a>, Canadian actor (d. <a href="/wiki/2002" title="2002">2002</a>)<a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_15" title="January 15">January 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Trevor-Roper" title="Hugh Trevor-Roper">Hugh Trevor-Roper</a>, English historian (d. <a href="/wiki/2003" title="2003">2003</a>)<a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_18" title="January 18">January 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Arno_Schmidt" title="Arno Schmidt">Arno Schmidt</a>, German author (d. <a href="/wiki/1979" title="1979">1979</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_26" title="January 26">January 26</a> – Princess <a href="/wiki/Hadice_Hayriye_Ayshe_D%C3%BCrr%C3%BChsehvar" class="mw-redirect" title="Hadice Hayriye Ayshe Dürrühsehvar">Hadice Hayriye Ayshe Dürrühsehvar</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/2006" title="2006">2006</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_30" title="January 30">January 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Ireland_(actor)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Ireland (actor)">John Ireland</a>, Canadian-born actor (d. <a href="/wiki/1992" title="1992">1992</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_31" title="January 31">January 31</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jersey_Joe_Walcott" title="Jersey Joe Walcott">Jersey Joe Walcott</a>, American boxer (d. <a href="/wiki/1994" title="1994">1994</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="February_2">February</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1914&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: February">edit</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Burroughs1983_crop_b.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Burroughs1983_crop_b.jpg/120px-Burroughs1983_crop_b.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Burroughs1983_crop_b.jpg/250px-Burroughs1983_crop_b.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="570" data-file-height="798" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/William_S._Burroughs" title="William S. Burroughs">William S. Burroughs</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Alan_Lloyd_Hodgkin_nobel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Alan_Lloyd_Hodgkin_nobel.jpg/120px-Alan_Lloyd_Hodgkin_nobel.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Alan_Lloyd_Hodgkin_nobel.jpg/250px-Alan_Lloyd_Hodgkin_nobel.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="280" data-file-height="396" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Alan_Lloyd_Hodgkin" class="mw-redirect" title="Alan Lloyd Hodgkin">Alan Lloyd Hodgkin</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Robert_Alda_1976.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Robert_Alda_1976.JPG/120px-Robert_Alda_1976.JPG" decoding="async" width="100" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Robert_Alda_1976.JPG/250px-Robert_Alda_1976.JPG 1.5x" data-file-width="732" data-file-height="921" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Robert_Alda" title="Robert Alda">Robert Alda</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/February_3" title="February 3">February 3</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Carlisle" title="Mary Carlisle">Mary Carlisle</a>, American actress, singer and dancer (d. <a href="/wiki/2018" title="2018">2018</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Nissen" title="George Nissen">George Nissen</a>, American gymnast, inventor of the trampoline (d. <a href="/wiki/2010" title="2010">2010</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_4" title="February 4">February 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Andersch" title="Alfred Andersch">Alfred Andersch</a>, German writer (d. <a href="/wiki/1980" title="1980">1980</a>)<a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_5" title="February 5">February 5</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_S._Burroughs" title="William S. Burroughs">William S. Burroughs</a>, American author (d. <a href="/wiki/1997" title="1997">1997</a>)<a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Lloyd_Hodgkin" class="mw-redirect" title="Alan Lloyd Hodgkin">Alan Lloyd Hodgkin</a>, British scientist, recipient of the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine" title="Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine">Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1998" title="1998">1998</a>)<a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_6" title="February 6">February 6</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Silvius_Magnago" title="Silvius Magnago">Silvius Magnago</a>, Italian politician (d. <a href="/wiki/2010" title="2010">2010</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roza_Papo" title="Roza Papo">Roza Papo</a>, Yugoslav physician and general (d. <a href="/wiki/1984" title="1984">1984</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_10" title="February 10">February 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Larry_Adler" title="Larry Adler">Larry Adler</a>, American musician (d. <a href="/wiki/2001" title="2001">2001</a>)<a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_12" title="February 12">February 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Lazar_Koli%C5%A1evski" title="Lazar Koliševski">Lazar Koliševski</a>, Yugoslav communist political leader (d. <a href="/wiki/2000" title="2000">2000</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_15" title="February 15">February 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Kevin_McCarthy_(actor)" title="Kevin McCarthy (actor)">Kevin McCarthy</a>, American actor (d. <a href="/wiki/2010" title="2010">2010</a>)<a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_17" title="February 17">February 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Kennedy" title="Arthur Kennedy">Arthur Kennedy</a>, American actor (d. <a href="/wiki/1990" title="1990">1990</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_18" title="February 18">February 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mahmoud_Zulfikar" title="Mahmoud Zulfikar">Mahmoud Zulfikar</a>, Egyptian film director (d. <a href="/wiki/1970" title="1970">1970</a>)<a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_19" title="February 19">February 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Dufilho" title="Jacques Dufilho">Jacques Dufilho</a>, French comedian, actor (d. <a href="/wiki/2005" title="2005">2005</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_22" title="February 22">February 22</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Renato_Dulbecco" title="Renato Dulbecco">Renato Dulbecco</a>, Italian-born virologist, recipient of the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine" title="Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine">Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/2012" title="2012">2012</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Chi-Sheng" title="Liu Chi-Sheng">Liu Chi-Sheng</a>, Chinese pilot that fought in <a href="/wiki/WWII" class="mw-redirect" title="WWII">WWII</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Second_Sino-Japanese_War" title="Second Sino-Japanese War">Second Sino-Japanese War</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Civil_War" title="Chinese Civil War">Chinese Civil War</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1991" title="1991">1991</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_23" title="February 23">February 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Theofiel_Middelkamp" class="mw-redirect" title="Theofiel Middelkamp">Theofiel Middelkamp</a>, Dutch cyclist (d. <a href="/wiki/2005" title="2005">2005</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_26" title="February 26">February 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Robert_Alda" title="Robert Alda">Robert Alda</a>, American-born actor, father of actor <a href="/wiki/Alan_Alda" title="Alan Alda">Alan Alda</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1986" title="1986">1986</a>)<a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="March_2">March</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1914&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: March">edit</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ongania_presidente.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Ongania_presidente.jpg/120px-Ongania_presidente.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Ongania_presidente.jpg/250px-Ongania_presidente.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="413" data-file-height="421" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Juan_Carlos_Ongan%C3%ADa" title="Juan Carlos Onganía">Juan Carlos Onganía</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Norman_Borlaug,_2004_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Norman_Borlaug%2C_2004_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-Norman_Borlaug%2C_2004_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Norman_Borlaug%2C_2004_%28cropped%29.jpg/250px-Norman_Borlaug%2C_2004_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="571" data-file-height="809" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Norman_Borlaug" title="Norman Borlaug">Norman Borlaug</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Portrait_of_Edmund_Muskie,_looking_up.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Portrait_of_Edmund_Muskie%2C_looking_up.jpg/120px-Portrait_of_Edmund_Muskie%2C_looking_up.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Portrait_of_Edmund_Muskie%2C_looking_up.jpg/250px-Portrait_of_Edmund_Muskie%2C_looking_up.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="510" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Muskie" title="Edmund Muskie">Edmund Muskie</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Octavio_Paz_-_1988_Malm%C3%B6.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Octavio_Paz_-_1988_Malm%C3%B6.jpg/100px-Octavio_Paz_-_1988_Malm%C3%B6.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Octavio_Paz_-_1988_Malm%C3%B6.jpg/150px-Octavio_Paz_-_1988_Malm%C3%B6.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Octavio_Paz_-_1988_Malm%C3%B6.jpg/200px-Octavio_Paz_-_1988_Malm%C3%B6.jpg 2x" data-file-width="644" data-file-height="888" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Octavio_Paz" title="Octavio Paz">Octavio Paz</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/March_1" title="March 1">March 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Ellison" title="Ralph Ellison">Ralph Ellison</a>, American writer (d. <a href="/wiki/1994" title="1994">1994</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_2" title="March 2">March 2</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hansi_Knoteck" title="Hansi Knoteck">Hansi Knoteck</a>, Austrian actress (d. <a href="/wiki/2014" title="2014">2014</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Ritt" title="Martin Ritt">Martin Ritt</a>, American director (d. <a href="/wiki/1990" title="1990">1990</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_3" title="March 3">March 3</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Julio_Franco_Arango" title="Julio Franco Arango">Julio Franco Arango</a>, Colombian Roman Catholic bishop (d. <a href="/wiki/1980" title="1980">1980</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asger_Jorn" title="Asger Jorn">Asger Jorn</a>, Danish painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1973" title="1973">1973</a>)<a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_4" title="March 4">March 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ward_Kimball" title="Ward Kimball">Ward Kimball</a>, American cartoonist (d. <a href="/wiki/2002" title="2002">2002</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_6" title="March 6">March 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Kirill_Kondrashin" title="Kirill Kondrashin">Kirill Kondrashin</a>, Russian conductor (d. <a href="/wiki/1981" title="1981">1981</a>)<a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_8" title="March 8">March 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Yakov_Zeldovich" title="Yakov Zeldovich">Yakov Zeldovich</a>, Russian physicist (d. <a href="/wiki/1987" title="1987">1987</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_13" title="March 13">March 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Saroj_Dutta" title="Saroj Dutta">Saroj Dutta</a>, Indian communist leader (d. <a href="/wiki/1971" title="1971">1971</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_14" title="March 14">March 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Samuel_Modise" title="Frederick Samuel Modise">Frederick Samuel Modise</a>, Leader of IPHC (d. <a href="/wiki/1998" title="1998">1998</a>) <a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_17" title="March 17">March 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Juan_Carlos_Ongan%C3%ADa" title="Juan Carlos Onganía">Juan Carlos Onganía</a>, 35th <a href="/wiki/President_of_Argentina" title="President of Argentina">President of Argentina</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1995" title="1995">1995</a>)<a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_19" title="March 19">March 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jiang_Qing" title="Jiang Qing">Jiang Qing</a>, Chinese politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1991" title="1991">1991</a>)<a href="#cite_note-143">[143]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_21" title="March 21">March 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Paul_Tortelier" title="Paul Tortelier">Paul Tortelier</a>, French cellist and composer (d. <a href="/wiki/1990" title="1990">1990</a>)<a href="#cite_note-144">[144]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_23" title="March 23">March 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Wendell_Smith_(sportswriter)" title="Wendell Smith (sportswriter)">Wendell Smith</a>, African American sportswriter (d. <a href="/wiki/1972" title="1972">1972</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_25" title="March 25">March 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Norman_Borlaug" title="Norman Borlaug">Norman Borlaug</a>, American agricultural scientist, recipient of the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="Nobel Peace Prize">Nobel Peace Prize</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/2009" title="2009">2009</a>)<a href="#cite_note-145">[145]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_26" title="March 26">March 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_Westmoreland" title="William Westmoreland">William Westmoreland</a>, American Vietnam War general (d. <a href="/wiki/2005" title="2005">2005</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_28" title="March 28">March 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Muskie" title="Edmund Muskie">Edmund Muskie</a>, American politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1996" title="1996">1996</a>)<a href="#cite_note-146">[146]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_30" title="March 30">March 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sonny_Boy_Williamson_I" title="Sonny Boy Williamson I">Sonny Boy Williamson I</a>, American musician (d. <a href="/wiki/1948" title="1948">1948</a>)<a href="#cite_note-147">[147]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_31" title="March 31">March 31</a> – <a href="/wiki/Octavio_Paz" title="Octavio Paz">Octavio Paz</a>, Mexican diplomat, writer, and <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Nobel Prize in Literature">Nobel Prize</a> laureate (d. <a href="/wiki/1998" title="1998">1998</a>)<a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="April_2">April</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1914&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: April">edit</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sir_Alec_Guinness_Allan_Warren_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Sir_Alec_Guinness_Allan_Warren_%282%29.jpg/100px-Sir_Alec_Guinness_Allan_Warren_%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Sir_Alec_Guinness_Allan_Warren_%282%29.jpg/150px-Sir_Alec_Guinness_Allan_Warren_%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Sir_Alec_Guinness_Allan_Warren_%282%29.jpg/200px-Sir_Alec_Guinness_Allan_Warren_%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1144" data-file-height="1364" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Alec_Guinness" title="Alec Guinness">Alec Guinness</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mar%C3%ADa_F%C3%A9lix_1947.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Mar%C3%ADa_F%C3%A9lix_1947.jpg/100px-Mar%C3%ADa_F%C3%A9lix_1947.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Mar%C3%ADa_F%C3%A9lix_1947.jpg/150px-Mar%C3%ADa_F%C3%A9lix_1947.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Mar%C3%ADa_F%C3%A9lix_1947.jpg/200px-Mar%C3%ADa_F%C3%A9lix_1947.jpg 2x" data-file-width="749" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mar%C3%ADa_F%C3%A9lix" title="María Félix">María Félix</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/April_2" title="April 2">April 2</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alec_Guinness" title="Alec Guinness">Alec Guinness</a>, English actor (d. <a href="/wiki/2000" title="2000">2000</a>)<a href="#cite_note-Read2005-149">[149]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Wegner" title="Hans Wegner">Hans Wegner</a>, Danish furniture designer (d. <a href="/wiki/2007" title="2007">2007</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_3" title="April 3">April 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sam_Manekshaw" title="Sam Manekshaw">Sam Manekshaw</a>, Field Marshal of the Indian Army (d. <a href="/wiki/2008" title="2008">2008</a>)<a href="#cite_note-150">[150]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_4" title="April 4">April 4</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/David_W._Goodall" class="mw-redirect" title="David W. Goodall">David W. Goodall</a>, Australian botanist and ecologist (d. <a href="/wiki/2018" title="2018">2018</a>)<a href="#cite_note-151">[151]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marguerite_Duras" title="Marguerite Duras">Marguerite Duras</a>, French author, director (d. <a href="/wiki/1996" title="1996">1996</a>)<a href="#cite_note-152">[152]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_8" title="April 8">April 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mar%C3%ADa_F%C3%A9lix" title="María Félix">María Félix</a>, Mexican actress (d. April 8, <a href="/wiki/2002" title="2002">2002</a>)<a href="#cite_note-153">[153]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_11" title="April 11">April 11</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Norman_McLaren" title="Norman McLaren">Norman McLaren</a>, Scots-born Canadian animator and director (d. <a href="/wiki/1987" title="1987">1987</a>)<a href="#cite_note-154">[154]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Stanfield" title="Robert Stanfield">Robert Stanfield</a>, Premier of Nova Scotia (d. <a href="/wiki/2003" title="2003">2003</a>)<a href="#cite_note-BlockRothe2004-155">[155]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_12" title="April 12">April 12</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armen_Alchian" title="Armen Alchian">Armen Alchian</a>, American economist (d. <a href="/wiki/2013" title="2013">2013</a>)<a href="#cite_note-156">[156]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adriaan_Blaauw" title="Adriaan Blaauw">Adriaan Blaauw</a>, Dutch astronomer (d. <a href="/wiki/2010" title="2010">2010</a>)<a href="#cite_note-157">[157]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gretel_Bergmann" title="Gretel Bergmann">Gretel Bergmann</a>, German-Jewish athlete (d. <a href="/wiki/2017" title="2017">2017</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_van_Cauwelaert" title="Jan van Cauwelaert">Jan van Cauwelaert</a>, Belgian bishop (d. <a href="/wiki/2016" title="2016">2016</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_13" title="April 13">April 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Orhan_Veli" class="mw-redirect" title="Orhan Veli">Orhan Veli</a>, Turkish poet (d. <a href="/wiki/1950" title="1950">1950</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_18" title="April 18">April 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Claire_Martin_(writer)" title="Claire Martin (writer)">Claire Martin</a>, Canadian author (d. <a href="/wiki/2014" title="2014">2014</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_22" title="April 22">April 22</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baldev_Raj_Chopra" class="mw-redirect" title="Baldev Raj Chopra">Baldev Raj Chopra</a>, Indian film director (d. <a href="/wiki/2008" title="2008">2008</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_de_Hartog" title="Jan de Hartog">Jan de Hartog</a>, Dutch writer (d. <a href="/wiki/2002" title="2002">2002</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Wittmann" title="Michael Wittmann">Michael Wittmann</a>, German tank commander (d. <a href="/wiki/1944" title="1944">1944</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_24" title="April 24">April 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jan_Karski" title="Jan Karski">Jan Karski</a>, Polish World War II resistance movement fighter (d. <a href="/wiki/2000" title="2000">2000</a>)<a href="#cite_note-158">[158]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_25" title="April 25">April 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Marcos_P%C3%A9rez_Jim%C3%A9nez" title="Marcos Pérez Jiménez">Marcos Pérez Jiménez</a>, 51st <a href="/wiki/President_of_Venezuela" title="President of Venezuela">President of Venezuela</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/2001" title="2001">2001</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_26" title="April 26">April 26</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Malamud" title="Bernard Malamud">Bernard Malamud</a>, American author (d. <a href="/wiki/1986" title="1986">1986</a>)<a href="#cite_note-159">[159]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lilian_Rolfe" title="Lilian Rolfe">Lilian Rolfe</a>, French-born World War II heroine (d. <a href="/wiki/1945" title="1945">1945</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_28" title="April 28">April 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Yakov_Novichenko" title="Yakov Novichenko">Yakov Novichenko</a>, Soviet military officer (d. <a href="/wiki/1994" title="1994">1994</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_30" title="April 30">April 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Dorival_Caymmi" title="Dorival Caymmi">Dorival Caymmi</a>, Brazilian songwriter (d. <a href="/wiki/2008" title="2008">2008</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="May_2">May</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1914&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: May">edit</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tyrone_Power_-_still.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Tyrone_Power_-_still.jpg/120px-Tyrone_Power_-_still.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Tyrone_Power_-_still.jpg/250px-Tyrone_Power_-_still.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="803" data-file-height="1008" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Tyrone_Power" title="Tyrone Power">Tyrone Power</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hanksnowpromoimage.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Hanksnowpromoimage.jpg/120px-Hanksnowpromoimage.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Hanksnowpromoimage.jpg/250px-Hanksnowpromoimage.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="321" data-file-height="250" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Hank_Snow" title="Hank Snow">Hank Snow</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Joe_Louis_by_van_Vechten.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Joe_Louis_by_van_Vechten.jpg/120px-Joe_Louis_by_van_Vechten.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Joe_Louis_by_van_Vechten.jpg/250px-Joe_Louis_by_van_Vechten.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="2358" data-file-height="3174" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Joe_Louis" title="Joe Louis">Joe Louis</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/May_5" title="May 5">May 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Tyrone_Power" title="Tyrone Power">Tyrone Power</a>, American actor (d. <a href="/wiki/1958" title="1958">1958</a>)<a href="#cite_note-160">[160]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_7" title="May 7">May 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ye_Fei" title="Ye Fei">Ye Fei</a>, Filipino-Chinese general and politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1999" title="1999">1999</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_8" title="May 8">May 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Romain_Gary" title="Romain Gary">Romain Gary</a>, Russian-born writer, diplomat (d. <a href="/wiki/1980" title="1980">1980</a>)<a href="#cite_note-161">[161]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_9" title="May 9">May 9</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carlo_Maria_Giulini" title="Carlo Maria Giulini">Carlo Maria Giulini</a>, conductor (d. <a href="/wiki/2005" title="2005">2005</a>)<a href="#cite_note-162">[162]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hank_Snow" title="Hank Snow">Hank Snow</a>, Canadian country musician (d. <a href="/wiki/1999" title="1999">1999</a>)<a href="#cite_note-163">[163]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_12" title="May 12">May 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bertus_Aafjes" title="Bertus Aafjes">Bertus Aafjes</a>, Dutch poet (d. <a href="/wiki/1993" title="1993">1993</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_13" title="May 13">May 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Joe_Louis" title="Joe Louis">Joe Louis</a>, African-American boxer (d. <a href="/wiki/1981" title="1981">1981</a>)<a href="#cite_note-164">[164]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_14" title="May 14">May 14</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Teodor_Oizerman" title="Teodor Oizerman">Teodor Oizerman</a>, Soviet and Russian philosopher and academician (d. <a href="/wiki/2017" title="2017">2017</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corneliu_Coposu" title="Corneliu Coposu">Corneliu Coposu</a>, Romanian politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1995" title="1995">1995</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hideko_Maehata" title="Hideko Maehata">Hideko Maehata</a>, Japanese swimmer (d. <a href="/wiki/1995" title="1995">1995</a>)<a href="#cite_note-165">[165]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_16" title="May 16">May 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Edward_T._Hall" title="Edward T. Hall">Edward T. Hall</a>, American anthropologist (d. <a href="/wiki/2009" title="2009">2009</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_18" title="May 18">May 18</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Georg_von_Tiesenhausen" title="Georg von Tiesenhausen">Georg von Tiesenhausen</a>, German-American rocket scientist (d. <a href="/wiki/2018" title="2018">2018</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boris_Christoff" title="Boris Christoff">Boris Christoff</a>, Bulgarian opera singer (d. <a href="/wiki/1993" title="1993">1993</a>)<a href="#cite_note-166">[166]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Balmain" title="Pierre Balmain">Pierre Balmain</a>, French fashion designer (d. <a href="/wiki/1982" title="1982">1982</a>)<a href="#cite_note-167">[167]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_19" title="May 19">May 19</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Max_Perutz" title="Max Perutz">Max Perutz</a>, Austrian-born molecular biologist, recipient of the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="Nobel Prize in Chemistry">Nobel Prize in Chemistry</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/2002" title="2002">2002</a>)<a href="#cite_note-168">[168]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alex_Shibicky" title="Alex Shibicky">Alex Shibicky</a>, Canadian hockey player (d. <a href="/wiki/2005" title="2005">2005</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_20" title="May 20">May 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Avraham_Shapira" title="Avraham Shapira">Avraham Shapira</a>, head of the <a href="/wiki/Beth_din" title="Beth din">Rabbinical court</a> of <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a> and the Supreme Rabbinic Court; <a href="/wiki/Rosh_yeshiva" title="Rosh yeshiva">rosh yeshiva</a> of <a href="/wiki/Mercaz_HaRav" title="Mercaz HaRav">Mercaz HaRav</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/2007" title="2007">2007</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_22" title="May 22">May 22</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vance_Packard" title="Vance Packard">Vance Packard</a>, American social critic and author (d. <a href="/wiki/1996" title="1996">1996</a>)<a href="#cite_note-169">[169]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sun_Ra" title="Sun Ra">Sun Ra</a>, American musician (d. <a href="/wiki/1993" title="1993">1993</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_24" title="May 24">May 24</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lilli_Palmer" title="Lilli Palmer">Lilli Palmer</a>, German actress (d. <a href="/wiki/1986" title="1986">1986</a>)<a href="#cite_note-170">[170]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Tabori" title="George Tabori">George Tabori</a>, Hungarian writer and director (d. <a href="/wiki/2007" title="2007">2007</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_26" title="May 26">May 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Irm%C3%A3_Dulce_Pontes" class="mw-redirect" title="Irmã Dulce Pontes">Irmã Dulce Pontes</a>, Brazilian Catholic Franciscan Sister (d. <a href="/wiki/1992" title="1992">1992</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_31" title="May 31">May 31</a> – <a href="/wiki/Akira_Ifukube" title="Akira Ifukube">Akira Ifukube</a>, Japanese classical music, film composer (d. <a href="/wiki/2006" title="2006">2006</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="June_2">June</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1914&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: June">edit</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ANDROPOV1980S.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/ANDROPOV1980S.jpg/120px-ANDROPOV1980S.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/ANDROPOV1980S.jpg/150px-ANDROPOV1980S.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/12/ANDROPOV1980S.jpg 2x" data-file-width="199" data-file-height="257" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Yuri_Andropov" title="Yuri Andropov">Yuri Andropov</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:E_G_Marshall_The_Bold_Ones_1970.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/E_G_Marshall_The_Bold_Ones_1970.JPG/120px-E_G_Marshall_The_Bold_Ones_1970.JPG" decoding="async" width="100" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/E_G_Marshall_The_Bold_Ones_1970.JPG/250px-E_G_Marshall_The_Bold_Ones_1970.JPG 1.5x" data-file-width="540" data-file-height="717" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/E.G._Marshall" class="mw-redirect" title="E.G. Marshall">E.G. Marshall</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/June_6" title="June 6">June 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Zhang_Jingfu" title="Zhang Jingfu">Zhang Jingfu</a>, Chinese politician (d. <a href="/wiki/2015" title="2015">2015</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_10" title="June 10">June 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Joseph_DePietro" title="Joseph DePietro">Joseph DePietro</a>, American weightlifter (d. <a href="/wiki/1999" title="1999">1999</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_12" title="June 12">June 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Go_Seigen" title="Go Seigen">Go Seigen</a>, Japanese Go player (d. <a href="/wiki/2014" title="2014">2014</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_14" title="June 14">June 14</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gis%C3%A8le_Casadesus" title="Gisèle Casadesus">Gisèle Casadesus</a>, French actress (d. <a href="/wiki/2017" title="2017">2017</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruthven_Todd" title="Ruthven Todd">Ruthven Todd</a>, Scottish poet, artist and novelist (d. <a href="/wiki/1978" title="1978">1978</a>)<a href="#cite_note-171">[171]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_15" title="June 15">June 15</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yuri_Andropov" title="Yuri Andropov">Yuri Andropov</a>, Soviet leader (d. <a href="/wiki/1984" title="1984">1984</a>)<a href="#cite_note-172">[172]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saul_Steinberg" title="Saul Steinberg">Saul Steinberg</a>, Romanian-born American cartoonist (d. <a href="/wiki/1999" title="1999">1999</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_18" title="June 18">June 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/E._G._Marshall" title="E. G. Marshall">E. G. Marshall</a>, American actor (d. <a href="/wiki/1998" title="1998">1998</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_20" title="June 20">June 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Muazzez_%C4%B0lmiye_%C3%87%C4%B1%C4%9F" title="Muazzez İlmiye Çığ">Muazzez İlmiye Çığ</a>, Turkish archaeologist (d. <a href="/wiki/2024" title="2024">2024</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_21" title="June 21">June 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_Vickrey" title="William Vickrey">William Vickrey</a>, Canadian economist, <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Economics" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobel Prize in Economics">Nobel Prize</a> laureate (d. <a href="/wiki/1996" title="1996">1996</a>)<a href="#cite_note-173">[173]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_22" title="June 22">June 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mei_Zhi" title="Mei Zhi">Mei Zhi</a>, Chinese children's author, essayist (d. <a href="/wiki/2004" title="2004">2004</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_23" title="June 23">June 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ju%C3%A1n_Landolfi" title="Juán Landolfi">Juán Landolfi</a>, Argentine-Italian football player (d. unknown)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_25" title="June 25">June 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Luz_Magsaysay" title="Luz Magsaysay">Luz Magsaysay</a>, 7th First Lady of the Philippines (d. <a href="/wiki/2004" title="2004">2004</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_26" title="June 26">June 26</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Laurie_Lee" title="Laurie Lee">Laurie Lee</a>, English author (d. <a href="/wiki/1997" title="1997">1997</a>)<a href="#cite_note-174">[174]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultan_Ahmad_Nanupuri" title="Sultan Ahmad Nanupuri">Sultan Ahmad Nanupuri</a>, Bangladeshi Islamic scholar and teacher (d. <a href="/wiki/1997" title="1997">1997</a>)<a href="#cite_note-175">[175]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Sophie_of_Greece_and_Denmark" title="Princess Sophie of Greece and Denmark">Princess Sophie of Greece and Denmark</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/2001" title="2001">2001</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_27" title="June 27">June 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Ekpo" title="Margaret Ekpo">Margaret Ekpo</a>, Nigerian women's rights activist, social mobilizer and politician (d. <a href="/wiki/2006" title="2006">2006</a>)<a href="#cite_note-176">[176]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_29" title="June 29">June 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Rafael_Kubel%C3%ADk" title="Rafael Kubelík">Rafael Kubelík</a>, Czech-born conductor (d. <a href="/wiki/1996" title="1996">1996</a>)<a href="#cite_note-177">[177]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_30" title="June 30">June 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Francisco_da_Costa_Gomes" title="Francisco da Costa Gomes">Francisco da Costa Gomes</a>, 15th <a href="/wiki/President_of_Portugal" title="President of Portugal">President of Portugal</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/2001" title="2001">2001</a>)<a href="#cite_note-178">[178]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="July_2">July</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1914&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: July">edit</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Christl_Cranz_1936.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Christl_Cranz_1936.jpg/120px-Christl_Cranz_1936.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Christl_Cranz_1936.jpg/250px-Christl_Cranz_1936.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="717" data-file-height="639" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Christl_Cranz" title="Christl Cranz">Christl Cranz</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-1986-0617-024,_Willi_Stoph_(b).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-1986-0617-024%2C_Willi_Stoph_%28b%29.jpg/120px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-1986-0617-024%2C_Willi_Stoph_%28b%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-1986-0617-024%2C_Willi_Stoph_%28b%29.jpg/250px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-1986-0617-024%2C_Willi_Stoph_%28b%29.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="468" data-file-height="663" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Willi_Stoph" title="Willi Stoph">Willi Stoph</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jo_Cals_1966.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Jo_Cals_1966.jpg/120px-Jo_Cals_1966.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Jo_Cals_1966.jpg/250px-Jo_Cals_1966.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1476" data-file-height="2100" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Jo_Cals" title="Jo Cals">Jo Cals</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Michael_Morris,_3rd_Baron_Killanin_(1976).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Michael_Morris%2C_3rd_Baron_Killanin_%281976%29.jpg/100px-Michael_Morris%2C_3rd_Baron_Killanin_%281976%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Michael_Morris%2C_3rd_Baron_Killanin_%281976%29.jpg/150px-Michael_Morris%2C_3rd_Baron_Killanin_%281976%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Michael_Morris%2C_3rd_Baron_Killanin_%281976%29.jpg/200px-Michael_Morris%2C_3rd_Baron_Killanin_%281976%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="780" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Michael_Morris,_3rd_Baron_Killanin" title="Michael Morris, 3rd Baron Killanin">Michael Morris, 3rd Baron Killanin</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/July_1" title="July 1">July 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Christl_Cranz" title="Christl Cranz">Christl Cranz</a>, German alpine skier (d. <a href="/wiki/2004" title="2004">2004</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_2" title="July 2">July 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Erich_Topp" title="Erich Topp">Erich Topp</a>, German commander (d. <a href="/wiki/2005" title="2005">2005</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_5" title="July 5">July 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Rafael" title="Yitzhak Rafael">Yitzhak Rafael</a>, Israeli politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1999" title="1999">1999</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_6" title="July 6">July 6</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Bumbel" title="Otto Bumbel">Otto Bumbel</a>, Brazilian professional football manager (d. <a href="/wiki/1998" title="1998">1998</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincent_J._McMahon" title="Vincent J. McMahon">Vincent J. McMahon</a>, American professional wrestling promoter (d. <a href="/wiki/1984" title="1984">1984</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_8" title="July 8">July 8</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jyoti_Basu" title="Jyoti Basu">Jyoti Basu</a>, Indian politician (d. <a href="/wiki/2010" title="2010">2010</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billy_Eckstine" title="Billy Eckstine">Billy Eckstine</a>, American jazz musician and singer (d. <a href="/wiki/1993" title="1993">1993</a>)<a href="#cite_note-179">[179]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_9" title="July 9">July 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Willi_Stoph" title="Willi Stoph">Willi Stoph</a>, Prime Minister (1964-1973, 1976–1989) and Chairman of the Council of State (1973-1976) of the <a href="/wiki/GDR" class="mw-redirect" title="GDR">GDR</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1999" title="1999">1999</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_10" title="July 10">July 10</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Shuster" title="Joe Shuster">Joe Shuster</a>, Canadian-born comic book author (d. <a href="/wiki/1992" title="1992">1992</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rempo_Urip" title="Rempo Urip">Rempo Urip</a>, Indonesian director (d. <a href="/wiki/2001" title="2001">2001</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_11" title="July 11">July 11</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Al-Abbasi" title="Mohammad Al-Abbasi">Mohammad Al-Abbasi</a>, Prime Minister of Jordan (d. <a href="/wiki/1972" title="1972">1972</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/An%C3%ADbal_Troilo" title="Aníbal Troilo">Aníbal Troilo</a>, Argentine tango musician (d. <a href="/wiki/1975" title="1975">1975</a>)<a href="#cite_note-180">[180]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_13" title="July 13">July 13</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_Stevenson" title="Cyril Stevenson">Cyril Stevenson</a>, Bahamian politician and newspaper publisher (d. <a href="/wiki/2006" title="2006">2006</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trevor_Berghan" title="Trevor Berghan">Trevor Berghan</a>, New Zealand rugby union player (d. <a href="/wiki/1998" title="1998">1998</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_15" title="July 15">July 15</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Birabongse_Bhanudej" title="Birabongse Bhanudej">Birabongse Bhanudej</a>, Siamese prince, racing driver, sailor and pilot (d. <a href="/wiki/1985" title="1985">1985</a>)<a href="#cite_note-181">[181]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akhtar_Hameed_Khan" title="Akhtar Hameed Khan">Akhtar Hameed Khan</a>, Indian-born pioneer of microcredit in developing countries (d. <a href="/wiki/1999" title="1999">1999</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_16" title="July 16">July 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Herbert_N%C3%BCrnberg" title="Herbert Nürnberg">Herbert Nürnberg</a>, German boxer (d. <a href="/wiki/1995" title="1995">1995</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_17" title="July 17">July 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Kl%C3%A1ri_Tolnay" title="Klári Tolnay">Klári Tolnay</a>, Hungarian actress (d. <a href="/wiki/1998" title="1998">1998</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_18" title="July 18">July 18</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gino_Bartali" title="Gino Bartali">Gino Bartali</a>, Italian road cyclist (d. <a href="/wiki/2000" title="2000">2000</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jo_Cals" title="Jo Cals">Jo Cals</a>, Dutch politician and jurist, <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_Netherlands" title="Prime Minister of the Netherlands">Prime Minister of the Netherlands</a> (1965–1966) (d. <a href="/wiki/1971" title="1971">1971</a>)<a href="#cite_note-182">[182]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_19" title="July 19">July 19</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9sar_Povolny" title="César Povolny">César Povolny</a>, German-French association footballer (d. unknown)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Mar%C5%A1%C3%A1lek" title="Hans Maršálek">Hans Maršálek</a>, Austrian typesetter, political activist, detective and historian (d. <a href="/wiki/2011" title="2011">2011</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Kenneth_Macalister" class="mw-redirect" title="John Kenneth Macalister">John Kenneth Macalister</a>, Canadian World War II hero (d. <a href="/wiki/1944" title="1944">1944</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_20" title="July 20">July 20</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dobri_Dobrev" title="Dobri Dobrev">Dobri Dobrev</a>, Bulgarian ascetic and philanthropist (d. <a href="/wiki/2018" title="2018">2018</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charilaos_Florakis" title="Charilaos Florakis">Charilaos Florakis</a>, Greek Communist leader (d. <a href="/wiki/2005" title="2005">2005</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ersilio_Tonini" title="Ersilio Tonini">Ersilio Tonini</a>, Italian Cardinal (d. <a href="/wiki/2013" title="2013">2013</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_21" title="July 21">July 21</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pan_Jin-yu" title="Pan Jin-yu">Pan Jin-yu</a>, last remaining speaker of the <a href="/wiki/Pazeh_language" title="Pazeh language">Pazeh language</a> of Taiwan (d. <a href="/wiki/2010" title="2010">2010</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suso_Cecchi_d%27Amico" title="Suso Cecchi d'Amico">Suso Cecchi d'Amico</a>, Italian screenwriter and actress (d. <a href="/wiki/2010" title="2010">2010</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_22" title="July 22">July 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Charles_R%C3%A9gnier" title="Charles Régnier">Charles Régnier</a>, German actor, director, radio actor and translator (d. <a href="/wiki/2001" title="2001">2001</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_24" title="July 24">July 24</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Oldham_Kelsey" title="Frances Oldham Kelsey">Frances Oldham Kelsey</a>, American Food and Drug Administration reviewer (d. <a href="/wiki/2015" title="2015">2015</a>)<a href="#cite_note-183">[183]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Mirvish" title="Ed Mirvish">Ed Mirvish</a>, Canadian businessman and philanthropist (d. <a href="/wiki/2007" title="2007">2007</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_27" title="July 27">July 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Gusti_Huber" title="Gusti Huber">Gusti Huber</a>, Austrian actress (d. <a href="/wiki/1993" title="1993">1993</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_30" title="July 30">July 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Michael_Morris,_3rd_Baron_Killanin" title="Michael Morris, 3rd Baron Killanin">Michael Morris, 3rd Baron Killanin</a>, Irish president of the International Olympic Committee (d. <a href="/wiki/1999" title="1999">1999</a>)<a href="#cite_note-184">[184]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_31" title="July 31">July 31</a> – <a href="/wiki/Louis_de_Fun%C3%A8s" title="Louis de Funès">Louis de Funès</a>, French comedy actor (d. <a href="/wiki/1983" title="1983">1983</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li></ul> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lone_ranger_silver_1965.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Lone_ranger_silver_1965.JPG/120px-Lone_ranger_silver_1965.JPG" decoding="async" width="100" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Lone_ranger_silver_1965.JPG/250px-Lone_ranger_silver_1965.JPG 1.5x" data-file-width="757" data-file-height="943" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Clayton_Moore" title="Clayton Moore">Clayton Moore</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Adolfo_Bioy_Casares_1968.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Adolfo_Bioy_Casares_1968.png/120px-Adolfo_Bioy_Casares_1968.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Adolfo_Bioy_Casares_1968.png/250px-Adolfo_Bioy_Casares_1968.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1504" data-file-height="2090" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Adolfo_Bioy_Casares" title="Adolfo Bioy Casares">Adolfo Bioy Casares</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ThorHeyerdahl.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/ThorHeyerdahl.jpg/100px-ThorHeyerdahl.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/ThorHeyerdahl.jpg/150px-ThorHeyerdahl.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/ThorHeyerdahl.jpg/200px-ThorHeyerdahl.jpg 2x" data-file-width="346" data-file-height="501" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Thor_Heyerdahl" title="Thor Heyerdahl">Thor Heyerdahl</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Studio_publicity_Moore_Juanita.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Studio_publicity_Moore_Juanita.jpg/120px-Studio_publicity_Moore_Juanita.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Studio_publicity_Moore_Juanita.jpg/250px-Studio_publicity_Moore_Juanita.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="497" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Juanita_Moore" title="Juanita Moore">Juanita Moore</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jonas_Salk_candid.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Jonas_Salk_candid.jpg/120px-Jonas_Salk_candid.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Jonas_Salk_candid.jpg/250px-Jonas_Salk_candid.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1121" data-file-height="1517" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Jonas_Salk" title="Jonas Salk">Jonas Salk</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hedy_Lamarr_Publicity_Photo_for_The_Heavenly_Body_1944.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Hedy_Lamarr_Publicity_Photo_for_The_Heavenly_Body_1944.jpg/120px-Hedy_Lamarr_Publicity_Photo_for_The_Heavenly_Body_1944.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Hedy_Lamarr_Publicity_Photo_for_The_Heavenly_Body_1944.jpg/250px-Hedy_Lamarr_Publicity_Photo_for_The_Heavenly_Body_1944.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="671" data-file-height="841" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Hedy_Lamarr" title="Hedy Lamarr">Hedy Lamarr</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="August_2">August</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1914&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: August">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/August_2" title="August 2">August 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Beatrice_Straight" title="Beatrice Straight">Beatrice Straight</a>, American actress (d. <a href="/wiki/2001" title="2001">2001</a>)<a href="#cite_note-185">[185]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_8" title="August 8">August 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Yabing_Masalon_Dulo" title="Yabing Masalon Dulo">Yabing Masalon Dulo</a>, Filipino textile master weaver and dyer (d. <a href="/wiki/2021" title="2021">2021</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_9" title="August 9">August 9</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ferenc_Fricsay" title="Ferenc Fricsay">Ferenc Fricsay</a>, Hungarian conductor (d. <a href="/wiki/1963" title="1963">1963</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tove_Jansson" title="Tove Jansson">Tove Jansson</a>, Finnish author (d. <a href="/wiki/2001" title="2001">2001</a>)<a href="#cite_note-186">[186]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_10" title="August 10">August 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ken_Annakin" title="Ken Annakin">Ken Annakin</a>, British film director (d. <a href="/wiki/2009" title="2009">2009</a>)<a href="#cite_note-187">[187]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_15" title="August 15">August 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Paul_Rand" title="Paul Rand">Paul Rand</a>, American graphic designer (d. <a href="/wiki/1996" title="1996">1996</a>)<a href="#cite_note-188">[188]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_17" title="August 17">August 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Gabrielle_Weidner" title="Gabrielle Weidner">Gabrielle Weidner</a>, Belgian World War II heroine (d. <a href="/wiki/1945" title="1945">1945</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_19" title="August 19">August 19</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Bourg%C3%A8s-Maunoury" title="Maurice Bourgès-Maunoury">Maurice Bourgès-Maunoury</a>, French politician, 95th <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_France" title="Prime Minister of France">Prime Minister of France</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1993" title="1993">1993</a>)<a href="#cite_note-189">[189]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Morgan_Lawrence" title="Margaret Morgan Lawrence">Margaret Morgan Lawrence</a>, American psychiatrist and psychoanalyst (d. <a href="/wiki/2019" title="2019">2019</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_26" title="August 26">August 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Julio_Cort%C3%A1zar" title="Julio Cortázar">Julio Cortázar</a>, Argentine writer (d. <a href="/wiki/1984" title="1984">1984</a>)<a href="#cite_note-190">[190]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_30" title="August 30">August 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Julie_Bishop_(actress)" title="Julie Bishop (actress)">Julie Bishop</a>, American actress (d. <a href="/wiki/2001" title="2001">2001</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="September_2">September</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1914&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: September">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/September_1" title="September 1">September 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Tsuneko_Sasamoto" title="Tsuneko Sasamoto">Tsuneko Sasamoto</a>, Japanese photographer (d. <a href="/wiki/2022" title="2022">2022</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_5" title="September 5">September 5</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sor_Isolina_Ferr%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Sor Isolina Ferré">Sor Isolina Ferré</a>, Puerto Rican <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholic</a> nun (d. <a href="/wiki/2000" title="2000">2000</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gail_Kubik" title="Gail Kubik">Gail Kubik</a>, American composer (d. <a href="/wiki/1984" title="1984">1984</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicanor_Parra" title="Nicanor Parra">Nicanor Parra</a>, Chilean poet (d. <a href="/wiki/2018" title="2018">2018</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_7" title="September 7">September 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/James_Van_Allen" title="James Van Allen">James Van Allen</a>, American physicist (d. <a href="/wiki/2006" title="2006">2006</a>)<a href="#cite_note-191">[191]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_10" title="September 10">September 10</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Terence_O%27Neill" title="Terence O'Neill">Terence O'Neill</a>, 4th Prime Minister of Northern Ireland (d. <a href="/wiki/1990" title="1990">1990</a>)<a href="#cite_note-192">[192]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Wise" title="Robert Wise">Robert Wise</a>, American film director and producer (d. <a href="/wiki/2005" title="2005">2005</a>)<a href="#cite_note-193">[193]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_11" title="September 11">September 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Serbian_Patriarch_Pavle_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Serbian Patriarch Pavle II">Serbian Patriarch Pavle</a>, (d. <a href="/wiki/2009" title="2009">2009</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_12" title="September 12">September 12</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Desmond_Llewelyn" title="Desmond Llewelyn">Desmond Llewelyn</a>, Welsh actor (d. <a href="/wiki/1999" title="1999">1999</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janusz_%C5%BBurakowski" title="Janusz Żurakowski">Janusz Żurakowski</a>, Polish-born pilot (d. <a href="/wiki/2004" title="2004">2004</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_14" title="September 14">September 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Clayton_Moore" title="Clayton Moore">Clayton Moore</a>, American actor (The Lone Ranger) (d. <a href="/wiki/1999" title="1999">1999</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_15" title="September 15">September 15</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Creighton_Abrams" title="Creighton Abrams">Creighton Abrams</a>, U.S. Vietnam War general (d. <a href="/wiki/1974" title="1974">1974</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subandrio" title="Subandrio">Subandrio</a>, Indonesian politician (d. <a href="/wiki/2004" title="2004">2004</a>)<a href="#cite_note-194">[194]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolfo_Bioy_Casares" title="Adolfo Bioy Casares">Adolfo Bioy Casares</a>, Argentine writer (d. <a href="/wiki/1999" title="1999">1999</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jens_Otto_Krag" title="Jens Otto Krag">Jens Otto Krag</a>, Danish politician, 18th <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Denmark" title="Prime Minister of Denmark">Prime Minister of Denmark</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1978" title="1978">1978</a>)<a href="#cite_note-195">[195]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_17" title="September 17">September 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Lambert_Mascarenhas" title="Lambert Mascarenhas">Lambert Mascarenhas</a>, Indian journalist (d. <a href="/wiki/2021" title="2021">2021</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_18" title="September 18">September 18</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Cardiff" title="Jack Cardiff">Jack Cardiff</a>, British cinematographer, director and photographer (d. <a href="/wiki/2009" title="2009">2009</a>)<a href="#cite_note-196">[196]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_20" title="September 20">September 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_More" title="Kenneth More">Kenneth More</a>, English actor (d. <a href="/wiki/1982" title="1982">1982</a>)<a href="#cite_note-197">[197]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_23" title="September 23">September 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Omar_Ali_Saifuddien_III" title="Omar Ali Saifuddien III">Omar Ali Saifuddien III</a>, Sultan of Brunei (d. <a href="/wiki/1986" title="1986">1986</a>)<a href="#cite_note-198">[198]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_24" title="September 24">September 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Kerr_(governor-general)" title="John Kerr (governor-general)">John Kerr</a>, 18th <a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_Australia" title="Governor-General of Australia">Governor-General of Australia</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1991" title="1991">1991</a>)<a href="#cite_note-199">[199]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_25" title="September 25">September 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Elena_Lucena" title="Elena Lucena">Elena Lucena</a>, Argentine film actress (d. <a href="/wiki/2015" title="2015">2015</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_26" title="September 26">September 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jack_LaLanne" title="Jack LaLanne">Jack LaLanne</a>, American fitness, exercise and nutritional expert (d. <a href="/wiki/2011" title="2011">2011</a>)<a href="#cite_note-200">[200]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_27" title="September 27">September 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sophie_Soo%C3%A4%C3%A4r" title="Sophie Sooäär">Sophie Sooäär</a>, Estonian actress and singer (d. <a href="/wiki/1996" title="1996">1996</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="October_2">October</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1914&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: October">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/October_1" title="October 1">October 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Daniel_J._Boorstin" title="Daniel J. Boorstin">Daniel J. Boorstin</a>, American historian, writer and <a href="/wiki/Librarian_of_Congress" title="Librarian of Congress">Librarian of Congress</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/2004" title="2004">2004</a>)<a href="#cite_note-201">[201]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_6" title="October 6">October 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Thor_Heyerdahl" title="Thor Heyerdahl">Thor Heyerdahl</a>, Norwegian explorer (d. <a href="/wiki/2002" title="2002">2002</a>)<a href="#cite_note-202">[202]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_7" title="October 7">October 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Begum_Akhtar" title="Begum Akhtar">Begum Akhtar</a>, Indian singer (d. <a href="/wiki/1974" title="1974">1974</a>)<a href="#cite_note-203">[203]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_9" title="October 9">October 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Guy_Charmot" title="Guy Charmot">Guy Charmot</a>, French resistance fighter and doctor (d. <a href="/wiki/2019" title="2019">2019</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_10" title="October 10">October 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Agostino_Straulino" title="Agostino Straulino">Agostino Straulino</a>, Italian sailor and sailboat racer (d. <a href="/wiki/2004" title="2004">2004</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_14" title="October 14">October 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Davis_Jr." title="Raymond Davis Jr.">Raymond Davis Jr.</a>, American physicist, <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physics" title="Nobel Prize in Physics">Nobel Prize</a> laureate (d. <a href="/wiki/2006" title="2006">2006</a>)<a href="#cite_note-204">[204]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_15" title="October 15">October 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Zahir_Shah" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohammed Zahir Shah">Mohammed Zahir Shah</a>, <a href="/wiki/King_of_Afghanistan" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Afghanistan">King of Afghanistan</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/2007" title="2007">2007</a>)<a href="#cite_note-205">[205]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_17" title="October 17">October 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jerry_Siegel" title="Jerry Siegel">Jerry Siegel</a>, American comic book author (d. <a href="/wiki/1996" title="1996">1996</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_19" title="October 19">October 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Juanita_Moore" title="Juanita Moore">Juanita Moore</a>, African-American actress (d. <a href="/wiki/2014" title="2014">2014</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_20" title="October 20">October 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/James_C._Floyd" title="James C. Floyd">James C. Floyd</a>, Canadian aerospace engineer[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_21" title="October 21">October 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Martin_Gardner" title="Martin Gardner">Martin Gardner</a>, American writer (d. <a href="/wiki/2010" title="2010">2010</a>)<a href="#cite_note-206">[206]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_24" title="October 24">October 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Franti%C5%A1ek_%C4%8Capek" title="František Čapek">František Čapek</a>, Czechoslovakian canoeist (d. <a href="/wiki/2008" title="2008">2008</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_25" title="October 25">October 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Berryman" title="John Berryman">John Berryman</a>, American poet (d. <a href="/wiki/1972" title="1972">1972</a>)<a href="#cite_note-207">[207]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_26" title="October 26">October 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jackie_Coogan" title="Jackie Coogan">Jackie Coogan</a>, American actor (d. <a href="/wiki/1984" title="1984">1984</a>)<a href="#cite_note-208">[208]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_27" title="October 27">October 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Dylan_Thomas" title="Dylan Thomas">Dylan Thomas</a>, Welsh poet and author (d. <a href="/wiki/1953" title="1953">1953</a>)<a href="#cite_note-209">[209]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_28" title="October 28">October 28</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jonas_Salk" title="Jonas Salk">Jonas Salk</a>, American medical scientist (d. <a href="/wiki/1995" title="1995">1995</a>)<a href="#cite_note-210">[210]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Laurence_Millington_Synge" title="Richard Laurence Millington Synge">Richard Laurence Millington Synge</a>, English chemist, <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="Nobel Prize in Chemistry">Nobel Prize</a> laureate (d. <a href="/wiki/1994" title="1994">1994</a>)<a href="#cite_note-211">[211]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_30" title="October 30">October 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Leabua_Jonathan" title="Leabua Jonathan">Leabua Jonathan</a>, 2nd <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Lesotho" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of Lesotho">Prime Minister of Lesotho</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1987" title="1987">1987</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="November_2">November</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1914&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: November">edit</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Qasim_in_uniform.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Qasim_in_uniform.png/120px-Qasim_in_uniform.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Qasim_in_uniform.png/250px-Qasim_in_uniform.png 1.5x" data-file-width="357" data-file-height="501" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Karim_Qasim" class="mw-redirect" title="Abd al-Karim Qasim">Abd al-Karim Qasim</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1939_Playball_Joe_Dimaggio_(minus_halftone).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/1939_Playball_Joe_Dimaggio_%28minus_halftone%29.jpg/120px-1939_Playball_Joe_Dimaggio_%28minus_halftone%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/1939_Playball_Joe_Dimaggio_%28minus_halftone%29.jpg/250px-1939_Playball_Joe_Dimaggio_%28minus_halftone%29.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1068" data-file-height="1372" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Joe_DiMaggio" title="Joe DiMaggio">Joe DiMaggio</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/November_1" title="November 1">November 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Moshe_Teitelbaum_(Satmar)" title="Moshe Teitelbaum (Satmar)">Moshe Teitelbaum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hassidic" class="mw-redirect" title="Hassidic">Hassidic</a> <a href="/wiki/Rabbi" title="Rabbi">rabbi</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/2006" title="2006">2006</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_2" title="November 2">November 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ray_Walston" title="Ray Walston">Ray Walston</a>, American actor (d. <a href="/wiki/2001" title="2001">2001</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_8" title="November 8">November 8</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Dantzig" title="George Dantzig">George Dantzig</a>, Polish-born American mathematician (d. <a href="/wiki/2005" title="2005">2005</a>)<a href="#cite_note-212">[212]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Lloyd" title="Norman Lloyd">Norman Lloyd</a>, American actor, producer and director (d. <a href="/wiki/2021" title="2021">2021</a>)<a href="#cite_note-213">[213]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eileen_Kramer" title="Eileen Kramer">Eileen Kramer</a>, Australian dancer, artist, performer and choreographer (d. <a href="/wiki/2024" title="2024">2024</a>)<a href="#cite_note-214">[214]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_9" title="November 9">November 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hedy_Lamarr" title="Hedy Lamarr">Hedy Lamarr</a>, Austrian actress (d. <a href="/wiki/2000" title="2000">2000</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_11" title="November 11">November 11</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Fast" title="Howard Fast">Howard Fast</a>, American novelist and television writer (d. <a href="/wiki/2003" title="2003">2003</a>)<a href="#cite_note-215">[215]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yue_Yiqin" title="Yue Yiqin">Yue Yiqin</a>, Chinese flying ace (d. <a href="/wiki/1937" title="1937">1937</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_13" title="November 13">November 13</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alberto_Lattuada" title="Alberto Lattuada">Alberto Lattuada</a>, Italian film director (d. <a href="/wiki/2005" title="2005">2005</a>)<a href="#cite_note-Rondi1967-216">[216]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amelia_Bence" title="Amelia Bence">Amelia Bence</a>, Argentine actress (d. <a href="/wiki/2016" title="2016">2016</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_18" title="November 18">November 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bill_Phillips_(economist)" title="Bill Phillips (economist)">William Phillips</a>, New Zealand economist (d. <a href="/wiki/1975" title="1975">1975</a>)<a href="#cite_note-:0-217">[217]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_21" title="November 21">November 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Karim_Qasim" class="mw-redirect" title="Abd al-Karim Qasim">Abd al-Karim Qasim</a>, Iraqi general, 24th <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Iraq" title="Prime Minister of Iraq">Prime Minister of Iraq</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1963" title="1963">1963</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_25" title="November 25">November 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Joe_DiMaggio" title="Joe DiMaggio">Joe DiMaggio</a>, American baseball player (d. <a href="/wiki/1999" title="1999">1999</a>)<a href="#cite_note-218">[218]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="December_2">December</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1914&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: December">edit</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dorothy-Lamour-still.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Dorothy-Lamour-still.JPG/120px-Dorothy-Lamour-still.JPG" decoding="async" width="100" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Dorothy-Lamour-still.JPG/250px-Dorothy-Lamour-still.JPG 1.5x" data-file-width="587" data-file-height="699" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Lamour" title="Dorothy Lamour">Dorothy Lamour</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F054633-0020,_Ludwigshafen,_CDU-Bundesparteitag,_Carstens.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F054633-0020%2C_Ludwigshafen%2C_CDU-Bundesparteitag%2C_Carstens.jpg/120px-Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F054633-0020%2C_Ludwigshafen%2C_CDU-Bundesparteitag%2C_Carstens.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="65" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F054633-0020%2C_Ludwigshafen%2C_CDU-Bundesparteitag%2C_Carstens.jpg/250px-Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F054633-0020%2C_Ludwigshafen%2C_CDU-Bundesparteitag%2C_Carstens.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="518" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Karl_Carstens" title="Karl Carstens">Karl Carstens</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/December_9" title="December 9">December 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Frances_Reid" title="Frances Reid">Frances Reid</a>, American actress (d. <a href="/wiki/2010" title="2010">2010</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_10" title="December 10">December 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Lamour" title="Dorothy Lamour">Dorothy Lamour</a>, American actress and singer (d. <a href="/wiki/1996" title="1996">1996</a>)<a href="#cite_note-219">[219]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_11" title="December 11">December 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Chiramel" title="Gabriel Chiramel">Gabriel Chiramel</a>, Indian priest, zoologist and author (d. <a href="/wiki/2017" title="2017">2017</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_12" title="December 12">December 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Patrick_O%27Brian" title="Patrick O'Brian">Patrick O'Brian</a>, British novelist (d. <a href="/wiki/2000" title="2000">2000</a>)<a href="#cite_note-220">[220]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_13" title="December 13">December 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Larry_Parks" title="Larry Parks">Larry Parks</a>, American actor (d. <a href="/wiki/1975" title="1975">1975</a>)<a href="#cite_note-221">[221]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_14" title="December 14">December 14</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Carstens" title="Karl Carstens">Karl Carstens</a>, German president (d. <a href="/wiki/1992" title="1992">1992</a>)<a href="#cite_note-222">[222]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frane_Mil%C4%8Dinski" title="Frane Milčinski">Frane Milčinski</a>, Slovene poet, <a href="/wiki/Satire" title="Satire">satirist</a>, comedian, actor, children's writer and director (d. <a href="/wiki/1988" title="1988">1988</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosalyn_Tureck" title="Rosalyn Tureck">Rosalyn Tureck</a>, American pianist and harpsichordist (d. <a href="/wiki/2003" title="2003">2003</a>)<a href="#cite_note-223">[223]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_15" title="December 15">December 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Anatole_Abragam" title="Anatole Abragam">Anatole Abragam</a>, French physicist (d. <a href="/wiki/2011" title="2011">2011</a>)<a href="#cite_note-224">[224]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_20" title="December 20">December 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Charles_McKimson" title="Charles McKimson">Charles McKimson</a>, American animator (d. <a href="/wiki/1999" title="1999">1999</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_21" title="December 21">December 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Frank_Fenner" title="Frank Fenner">Frank Fenner</a>, Australian virologist and microbiologist (d. <a href="/wiki/2010" title="2010">2010</a>)<a href="#cite_note-225">[225]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_24" title="December 24">December 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Zoya_Bulgakova" title="Zoya Bulgakova">Zoya Bulgakova</a>, Russian Soviet stage actress (d. <a href="/wiki/2017" title="2017">2017</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_26" title="December 26">December 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Richard_Widmark" title="Richard Widmark">Richard Widmark</a>, American actor (d. <a href="/wiki/2008" title="2008">2008</a>)<a href="#cite_note-226">[226]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_28" title="December 28">December 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bidia_Dandaron" title="Bidia Dandaron">Bidia Dandaron</a>, Buddhist author and teacher in the USSR (d. <a href="/wiki/1974" title="1974">1974</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Date_unknown_2">Date unknown</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1914&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Date unknown">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Makhosini_Dlamini" title="Makhosini Dlamini">Makhosini Dlamini</a>, 1st <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Swaziland" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of Swaziland">Prime Minister of Swaziland</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1978" title="1978">1978</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Deaths">Deaths</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1914&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Deaths">edit</a>]</div> <div style="text-align: center;"> <table id="toc" class="toc" summary="Deaths" style="margin: auto; text-align: center; display: inline-block;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Deaths </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="#January_3">January</a> · <a href="#February_3">February</a> · <a href="#March_3">March</a> · <a href="#April_3">April</a> · <a href="#May_3">May</a> · <a href="#June_3">June</a> · <a href="#July_3">July</a> · <a href="#August_3">August</a> · <a href="#September_3">September</a> · <a href="#October_3">October</a> · <a href="#November_3">November</a> · <a href="#December_3">December</a> </td></tr></tbody></table></div><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="January_3">January</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1914&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: January">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mother_Fran%C3%A7oise_de_Sales_Aviat.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Mother_Fran%C3%A7oise_de_Sales_Aviat.jpg/120px-Mother_Fran%C3%A7oise_de_Sales_Aviat.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Mother_Fran%C3%A7oise_de_Sales_Aviat.jpg/250px-Mother_Fran%C3%A7oise_de_Sales_Aviat.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="425" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Leonie_Aviat" title="Leonie Aviat">Leonie Aviat</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_8" title="January 8">January 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Simon_Bolivar_Buckner" title="Simon Bolivar Buckner">Simon Bolivar Buckner</a>, American soldier and politician, 30th governor of Kentucky (b. <a href="/wiki/1823" title="1823">1823</a>)<a href="#cite_note-227">[227]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_10" title="January 10">January 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Leonie_Aviat" title="Leonie Aviat">Leonie Aviat</a>, French <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholic</a> religious sister and saint (b. <a href="/wiki/1844" title="1844">1844</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_11" title="January 11">January 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Carl_Jacobsen" title="Carl Jacobsen">Carl Jacobsen</a>, Danish brewer and patron of the arts (b. <a href="/wiki/1842" title="1842">1842</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_15" title="January 15">January 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Camilo_Garcia_de_Polavieja" class="mw-redirect" title="Camilo Garcia de Polavieja">Camilo Garcia de Polavieja</a>, Spanish general (b. <a href="/wiki/1838" title="1838">1838</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_16" title="January 16">January 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/It%C5%8D_Sukeyuki" title="Itō Sukeyuki">Itō Sukeyuki</a>, Japanese admiral (b. <a href="/wiki/1843" title="1843">1843</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_17" title="January 17">January 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Fernand_Foureau" title="Fernand Foureau">Fernand Foureau</a>, French explorer (b. <a href="/wiki/1850" title="1850">1850</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_19" title="January 19">January 19</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Candelaria_Figueredo" title="Candelaria Figueredo">Candelaria Figueredo</a>, Cuban patriot (b. <a href="/wiki/1852" title="1852">1852</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Picquart" title="Georges Picquart">Georges Picquart</a>, French general and politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1854" title="1854">1854</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_26" title="January 26">January 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jose_Gabriel_del_Rosario_Brochero" title="Jose Gabriel del Rosario Brochero">Jose Gabriel del Rosario Brochero</a>, Argentine <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholic</a> priest and saint (b. <a href="/wiki/1840" title="1840">1840</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="February_3">February</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1914&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: February">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Per_P%C3%A5lsson-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Per_P%C3%A5lsson-2.jpg/120px-Per_P%C3%A5lsson-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Per_P%C3%A5lsson-2.jpg/150px-Per_P%C3%A5lsson-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2c/Per_P%C3%A5lsson-2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="190" data-file-height="337" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Per_P%C3%A5lsson" title="Per Pålsson">Per Pålsson</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/February_1" title="February 1">February 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Albert_G%C3%BCnther" title="Albert Günther">Albert Günther</a>, German-born British zoologist (b. <a href="/wiki/1830" title="1830">1830</a>)<a href="#cite_note-228">[228]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_4" title="February 4">February 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Per_P%C3%A5lsson" title="Per Pålsson">Per Pålsson</a>, Swedish criminal (b. <a href="/wiki/1828" title="1828">1828</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_13" title="February 13">February 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alphonse_Bertillon" title="Alphonse Bertillon">Alphonse Bertillon</a>, French police officer and forensic scientist (b. <a href="/wiki/1853" title="1853">1853</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_20" title="February 20">February 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Federico_Degetau" title="Federico Degetau">Federico Degetau</a>, Puerto Rican politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1862" title="1862">1862</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_24" title="February 24">February 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Joshua_Chamberlain" title="Joshua Chamberlain">Joshua Chamberlain</a>, American Civil War general (b. <a href="/wiki/1828" title="1828">1828</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_25" title="February 25">February 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Tenniel" title="John Tenniel">Sir John Tenniel</a>, English illustrator (b. <a href="/wiki/1820" title="1820">1820</a>)<a href="#cite_note-229">[229]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="March_3">March</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1914&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: March">edit</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Presidente_Carlos_Felipe_Morales_Languasco.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Presidente_Carlos_Felipe_Morales_Languasco.jpg/120px-Presidente_Carlos_Felipe_Morales_Languasco.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Presidente_Carlos_Felipe_Morales_Languasco.jpg/250px-Presidente_Carlos_Felipe_Morales_Languasco.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="412" data-file-height="604" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Felipe_Morales" class="mw-redirect" title="Carlos Felipe Morales">Carlos Felipe Morales</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:George_Westinghouse.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/George_Westinghouse.jpg/120px-George_Westinghouse.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/George_Westinghouse.jpg/250px-George_Westinghouse.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1013" data-file-height="1494" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/George_Westinghouse" title="George Westinghouse">George Westinghouse</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Morgenstern-h420.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Morgenstern-h420.jpg/120px-Morgenstern-h420.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Morgenstern-h420.jpg/250px-Morgenstern-h420.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="288" data-file-height="420" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Christian_Morgenstern" title="Christian Morgenstern">Christian Morgenstern</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/March_1" title="March 1">March 1</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound,_4th_Earl_of_Minto" title="Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 4th Earl of Minto">Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 4th Earl of Minto</a>, British aristocrat and politician, 2-time <a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor-General of Canada">Governor-General of Canada</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1845" title="1845">1845</a>)<a href="#cite_note-230">[230]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Felipe_Morales" class="mw-redirect" title="Carlos Felipe Morales">Carlos Felipe Morales</a>, Dominican <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholic</a> priest, politician and military figure, 30th <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Dominican_Republic" title="President of the Dominican Republic">President of the Dominican Republic</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1867" title="1867">1867</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_9" title="March 9">March 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Luciano_de_Castro" title="José Luciano de Castro">José Luciano de Castro</a>, Portuguese politician, 3-time <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Portugal" title="Prime Minister of Portugal">Prime Minister of Portugal</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1834" title="1834">1834</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_12" title="March 12">March 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/George_Westinghouse" title="George Westinghouse">George Westinghouse</a>, American entrepreneur (b. <a href="/wiki/1846" title="1846">1846</a>)<a href="#cite_note-231">[231]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_13" title="March 13">March 13</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hakeem_Noor-ud-Din" title="Hakeem Noor-ud-Din">Hakeem Noor-ud-Din</a>, Indian Muslim scholar (b. <a href="/wiki/1841" title="1841">1841</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mar%C3%ADa_Tubau" title="María Tubau">María Tubau</a>, Spanish actress (b. <a href="/wiki/1854" title="1854">1854</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_16" title="March 16">March 16</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gaston_Calmette" title="Gaston Calmette">Gaston Calmette</a>, French journalist, editor of <a href="/wiki/Le_Figaro" title="Le Figaro">Le Figaro</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1858" title="1858">1858</a>)<a href="#cite_note-232">[232]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Albert_Gobat" title="Charles Albert Gobat">Charles Albert Gobat</a>, Swiss politician, recipient of the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="Nobel Peace Prize">Nobel Peace Prize</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1843" title="1843">1843</a>)<a href="#cite_note-233">[233]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_18" title="March 18">March 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Andreas_Beck_(explorer)" title="Andreas Beck (explorer)">Andreas Beck</a>, Norwegian explorer (b. <a href="/wiki/1864" title="1864">1864</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_19" title="March 19">March 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Mercalli" title="Giuseppe Mercalli">Giuseppe Mercalli</a>, Italian volcanologist (b. <a href="/wiki/1850" title="1850">1850</a>)<a href="#cite_note-234">[234]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_22" title="March 22">March 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Allen_Caperton_Braxton" title="Allen Caperton Braxton">Allen Caperton Braxton</a>, American lawyer (b. <a href="/wiki/1862" title="1862">1862</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_23" title="March 23">March 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Rafqa_Pietra_Choboq_Ar-Ray%C3%A8s" title="Rafqa Pietra Choboq Ar-Rayès">Rafqa Pietra Choboq Ar-Rayès</a>, Lebanese <a href="/wiki/Maronite" class="mw-redirect" title="Maronite">Maronite</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Catholic">Eastern Catholic</a> nun and saint (b. <a href="/wiki/1832" title="1832">1832</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_25" title="March 25">March 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Mistral" title="Frédéric Mistral">Frédéric Mistral</a>, French writer, <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Nobel Prize in Literature">Nobel Prize</a> laureate (b. <a href="/wiki/1830" title="1830">1830</a>)<a href="#cite_note-235">[235]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_31" title="March 31">March 31</a> – <a href="/wiki/Christian_Morgenstern" title="Christian Morgenstern">Christian Morgenstern</a>, German poet and writer (b. <a href="/wiki/1871" title="1871">1871</a>)<a href="#cite_note-236">[236]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="April_3">April</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1914&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: April">edit</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Empress_Shoken2_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Empress_Shoken2_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-Empress_Shoken2_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Empress_Shoken2_%28cropped%29.jpg/250px-Empress_Shoken2_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="840" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Empress_Sh%C5%8Dken" title="Empress Shōken">Empress Shōken</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Guerra_Elena.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Guerra_Elena.png/100px-Guerra_Elena.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0b/Guerra_Elena.png 1.5x" data-file-width="110" data-file-height="163" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Elena_Guerra" title="Elena Guerra">Elena Guerra</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Eduard_Suess_1869.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Eduard_Suess_1869.jpg/120px-Eduard_Suess_1869.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Eduard_Suess_1869.jpg/250px-Eduard_Suess_1869.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1587" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Eduard_Suess" title="Eduard Suess">Eduard Suess</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/April_1" title="April 1">April 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Rube_Waddell" title="Rube Waddell">Rube Waddell</a>, American baseball player and <a href="/wiki/MLB_Hall_of_Fame" class="mw-redirect" title="MLB Hall of Fame">MLB Hall of Famer</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1876" title="1876">1876</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_2" title="April 2">April 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Paul_Heyse" title="Paul Heyse">Paul Heyse</a>, German writer, <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Nobel Prize in Literature">Nobel Prize</a> laureate (b. <a href="/wiki/1830" title="1830">1830</a>)<a href="#cite_note-237">[237]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_7" title="April 7">April 7</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Ayub_Khan_(Emir_of_Afghanistan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohammad Ayub Khan (Emir of Afghanistan)">Mohammad Ayyub Khan</a>, Emir of Afghanistan (b. <a href="/wiki/1855" title="1855">1855</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sui_Sin_Far" title="Sui Sin Far">Sui Sin Far</a>, English-born writer (b. <a href="/wiki/1865" title="1865">1865</a>)<a href="#cite_note-238">[238]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_9" title="April 9">April 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Empress_Sh%C5%8Dken" title="Empress Shōken">Empress Shōken</a>, consort of <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Meiji" title="Emperor Meiji">Emperor Meiji of Japan</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1849" title="1849">1849</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_11" title="April 11">April 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Elena_Guerra" title="Elena Guerra">Elena Guerra</a>, Italian <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholic</a> religious professed and blessed (b. <a href="/wiki/1835" title="1835">1835</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_15" title="April 15">April 15</a> – Count <a href="/wiki/Frederick_of_Hohenau" title="Frederick of Hohenau">Frederick of Hohenau</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1857" title="1857">1857</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_16" title="April 16">April 16</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_William_Hill" title="George William Hill">George William Hill</a>, American astronomer and mathematician (b. <a href="/wiki/1838" title="1838">1838</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacinta_Parejo" title="Jacinta Parejo">Jacinta Parejo</a>, Venezuelan public figure, <a href="/wiki/First_Lady_of_Venezuela" title="First Lady of Venezuela">First Lady of Venezuela</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1845" title="1845">1845</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_19" title="April 19">April 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Charles_Sanders_Peirce" title="Charles Sanders Peirce">Charles Sanders Peirce</a>, American philosopher (b. <a href="/wiki/1839" title="1839">1839</a>)<a href="#cite_note-239">[239]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_24" title="April 24">April 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Benedict_Menni" title="Benedict Menni">Benedict Menni</a>, Italian <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholic</a> priest and saint (b. <a href="/wiki/1841" title="1841">1841</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_25" title="April 25">April 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9za_Fej%C3%A9rv%C3%A1ry" title="Géza Fejérváry">Géza Fejérváry</a>, 16th Prime Minister of Hungary (b. <a href="/wiki/1833" title="1833">1833</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_26" title="April 26">April 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Eduard_Suess" title="Eduard Suess">Eduard Suess</a>, Austrian geologist (b. <a href="/wiki/1831" title="1831">1831</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_28" title="April 28">April 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Philippe_%C3%89douard_L%C3%A9on_Van_Tieghem" title="Philippe Édouard Léon Van Tieghem">Philippe Édouard Léon Van Tieghem</a>, French botanist (b. <a href="/wiki/1839" title="1839">1839</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="May_3">May</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1914&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: May">edit</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Elisabeth_Leseur.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Elisabeth_Leseur.jpg/120px-Elisabeth_Leseur.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Elisabeth_Leseur.jpg/250px-Elisabeth_Leseur.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="528" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%C3%89lisabeth_Leseur" title="Élisabeth Leseur">Élisabeth Leseur</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Eugenio_Montero_R%C3%ADos_1914.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Eugenio_Montero_R%C3%ADos_1914.jpg/120px-Eugenio_Montero_R%C3%ADos_1914.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Eugenio_Montero_R%C3%ADos_1914.jpg/250px-Eugenio_Montero_R%C3%ADos_1914.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1772" data-file-height="2408" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Eugenio_Montero_R%C3%ADos" title="Eugenio Montero Ríos">Eugenio Montero Ríos</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/May_2" title="May 2">May 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Campbell,_9th_Duke_of_Argyll" title="John Campbell, 9th Duke of Argyll">John Campbell, 9th Duke of Argyll</a>, husband of <a href="/wiki/Princess_Louise,_Duchess_of_Argyll" title="Princess Louise, Duchess of Argyll">Princess Louise of the United Kingdom</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1845" title="1845">1845</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_3" title="May 3">May 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/%C3%89lisabeth_Leseur" title="Élisabeth Leseur">Élisabeth Leseur</a>, French <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholic</a> mystic and servant of God (b. <a href="/wiki/1866" title="1866">1866</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_8" title="May 8">May 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Seth_Edulji_Dinshaw" title="Seth Edulji Dinshaw">Seth Edulji Dinshaw</a>, Indian Parsi philanthropist (b. <a href="/wiki/1842" title="1842">1842</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_9" title="May 9">May 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/C._W._Post" title="C. W. Post">C. W. Post</a>, American cereal manufacturer (b. <a href="/wiki/1854" title="1854">1854</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_10" title="May 10">May 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Lillian_Nordica" title="Lillian Nordica">Lillian Nordica</a>, American opera singer (b. <a href="/wiki/1857" title="1857">1857</a>)<a href="#cite_note-240">[240]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_12" title="May 12">May 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Eugenio_Montero_R%C3%ADos" title="Eugenio Montero Ríos">Eugenio Montero Ríos</a>, 29th <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Spain" title="Prime Minister of Spain">Prime Minister of Spain</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1832" title="1832">1832</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_15" title="May 15">May 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ida_Freund" title="Ida Freund">Ida Freund</a>, Austrian-born British chemist and educator (b. <a href="/wiki/1863" title="1863">1863</a>)<a href="#cite_note-241">[241]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_23" title="May 23">May 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_O%27Connell_Bradley" title="William O'Connell Bradley">William O'Connell Bradley</a>, American politician from Kentucky (b. <a href="/wiki/1847" title="1847">1847</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_26" title="May 26">May 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jacob_Riis" title="Jacob Riis">Jacob Riis</a>, Danish-American social reformer (b. <a href="/wiki/1849" title="1849">1849</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_27" title="May 27">May 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Swan" title="Joseph Swan">Sir Joseph Swan</a>, British scientist (b. <a href="/wiki/1828" title="1828">1828</a>)<a href="#cite_note-242">[242]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_29" title="May 29">May 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Joseph_G%C3%A9rard" title="Joseph Gérard">Joseph Gérard</a>, French <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholic</a> priest and blessed (b. <a href="/wiki/1831" title="1831">1831</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="June_3">June</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1914&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: June">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:StAbram_icon.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/StAbram_icon.jpg/120px-StAbram_icon.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/StAbram_icon.jpg/250px-StAbram_icon.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="650" data-file-height="1072" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Abraam,_Bishop_of_Faiyum" title="Abraam, Bishop of Faiyum">Abraam</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bertha_von_Suttner_nobel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Bertha_von_Suttner_nobel.jpg/120px-Bertha_von_Suttner_nobel.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Bertha_von_Suttner_nobel.jpg/250px-Bertha_von_Suttner_nobel.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="280" data-file-height="396" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Bertha_von_Suttner" title="Bertha von Suttner">Bertha von Suttner</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ferdinand_Schmutzer_-_Franz_Ferdinand_von_%C3%96sterreich-Este,_um_1914.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Ferdinand_Schmutzer_-_Franz_Ferdinand_von_%C3%96sterreich-Este%2C_um_1914.jpg/120px-Ferdinand_Schmutzer_-_Franz_Ferdinand_von_%C3%96sterreich-Este%2C_um_1914.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Ferdinand_Schmutzer_-_Franz_Ferdinand_von_%C3%96sterreich-Este%2C_um_1914.jpg/250px-Ferdinand_Schmutzer_-_Franz_Ferdinand_von_%C3%96sterreich-Este%2C_um_1914.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1278" data-file-height="1808" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Franz_Ferdinand_of_Austria" title="Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria">Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/June_10" title="June 10">June 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Abraam,_Bishop_of_Faiyum" title="Abraam, Bishop of Faiyum">Abraam</a>, Egyptian <a href="/wiki/Coptic_Orthodox_Church" title="Coptic Orthodox Church">Coptic Orthodox</a> bishop and saint (b. <a href="/wiki/1829" title="1829">1829</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_11" title="June 11">June 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Friedrich_V,_Grand_Duke_of_Mecklenburg-Strelitz" class="mw-redirect" title="Adolf Friedrich V, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz">Adolf Friedrich V, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1848" title="1848">1848</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_14" title="June 14">June 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Adlai_Stevenson_I" title="Adlai Stevenson I">Adlai E. Stevenson I</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_Vice_Presidents_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Vice Presidents of the United States">23rd</a> <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">Vice President of the United States</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1835" title="1835">1835</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_15" title="June 15">June 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Robert_Sitlington_Sterrett" title="John Robert Sitlington Sterrett">John Robert Sitlington Sterrett</a>, American classical scholar and archeologist (b. <a href="/wiki/1851" title="1851">1851</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_19" title="June 19">June 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Brandon_Thomas_(playwright)" title="Brandon Thomas (playwright)">Brandon Thomas</a>, British actor and playwright (<a href="/wiki/Charley%27s_Aunt" title="Charley's Aunt">Charley's Aunt</a>) (b. <a href="/wiki/1848" title="1848">1848</a>)<a href="#cite_note-243">[243]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_21" title="June 21">June 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bertha_von_Suttner" title="Bertha von Suttner">Bertha von Suttner</a>, Austrian writer and pacifist, recipient of the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="Nobel Peace Prize">Nobel Peace Prize</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1843" title="1843">1843</a>)<a href="#cite_note-244">[244]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_22" title="June 22">June 22</a> – Princess <a href="/wiki/Phannarai" title="Phannarai">Phannarai</a>, Thai princess consort (b. <a href="/wiki/1838" title="1838">1838</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_25" title="June 25">June 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Georg_II,_Duke_of_Saxe-Meiningen" class="mw-redirect" title="Georg II, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen">Georg II, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1826" title="1826">1826</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_28" title="June 28">June 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Archduke_Franz_Ferdinand_of_Austria" title="Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria">Archduke Franz Ferdinand</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1863" title="1863">1863</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Sophie,_Duchess_of_Hohenberg" title="Sophie, Duchess of Hohenberg">Sophie, Duchess of Hohenberg</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1868_in_Germany" title="1868 in Germany">1868</a>), both <a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Archduke_Franz_Ferdinand" title="Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand">assassinated</a><a href="#cite_note-245">[245]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="July_3">July</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1914&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: July">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/July_2" title="July 2">July 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Chamberlain" title="Joseph Chamberlain">Joseph Chamberlain</a>, British politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1836" title="1836">1836</a>)<a href="#cite_note-246">[246]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_6" title="July 6">July 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Georges_Legagneux" title="Georges Legagneux">Georges Legagneux</a>, pioneer French aviator (b. <a href="/wiki/1882" title="1882">1882</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_9" title="July 9">July 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Prince_Gustav_of_Thurn_and_Taxis_(1848%E2%80%931914)" title="Prince Gustav of Thurn and Taxis (1848–1914)">Prince Gustav of Thurn and Taxis</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1848" title="1848">1848</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_12" title="July 12">July 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Horace_Harmon_Lurton" title="Horace Harmon Lurton">Horace Harmon Lurton</a>, Associate Justice of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Supreme_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Supreme Court">United States Supreme Court</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1844" title="1844">1844</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_17" title="July 17">July 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Luis_Uribe" title="Luis Uribe">Luis Uribe</a>, Chilean naval hero (b. <a href="/wiki/1847" title="1847">1847</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_21" title="July 21">July 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Karl_von_Czyhlarz" title="Karl von Czyhlarz">Karl von Czyhlarz</a>, Czech-born Austrian jurist and politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1833" title="1833">1833</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_23" title="July 23">July 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Meshchersky" title="Vladimir Meshchersky">Vladimir Meshchersky</a>, Russian journalist and novelist (b. <a href="/wiki/1839" title="1839">1839</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_29" title="July 29">July 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pietro_Pace" title="Pietro Pace">Pietro Pace</a>, Maltese <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholic</a> bishop (b. <a href="/wiki/1831" title="1831">1831</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_31" title="July 31">July 31</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jean_Jaur%C3%A8s" title="Jean Jaurès">Jean Jaurès</a>, French pacifist (assassinated) (b. <a href="/wiki/1859" title="1859">1859</a>)<a href="#cite_note-247">[247]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="August_3">August</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1914&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: August">edit</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Roque_S_Pe%C3%B1a.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/df/Roque_S_Pe%C3%B1a.jpg/120px-Roque_S_Pe%C3%B1a.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/df/Roque_S_Pe%C3%B1a.jpg/250px-Roque_S_Pe%C3%B1a.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1180" data-file-height="1500" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Roque_Saenz_Pe%C3%B1a" class="mw-redirect" title="Roque Saenz Peña">Roque Saenz Peña</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pius_X,_by_Francesco_De_Federicis,_1903_(retouched,_colorized).tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Pius_X%2C_by_Francesco_De_Federicis%2C_1903_%28retouched%2C_colorized%29.tif/lossy-page1-110px-Pius_X%2C_by_Francesco_De_Federicis%2C_1903_%28retouched%2C_colorized%29.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Pius_X%2C_by_Francesco_De_Federicis%2C_1903_%28retouched%2C_colorized%29.tif/lossy-page1-165px-Pius_X%2C_by_Francesco_De_Federicis%2C_1903_%28retouched%2C_colorized%29.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Pius_X%2C_by_Francesco_De_Federicis%2C_1903_%28retouched%2C_colorized%29.tif/lossy-page1-220px-Pius_X%2C_by_Francesco_De_Federicis%2C_1903_%28retouched%2C_colorized%29.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1784" data-file-height="2527" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_X" title="Pope Pius X">Pope Pius X</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/August_4" title="August 4">August 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hubertine_Auclert" title="Hubertine Auclert">Hubertine Auclert</a>, French feminist (b. <a href="/wiki/1848" title="1848">1848</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_6" title="August 6">August 6</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maxim_Sandovich" title="Maxim Sandovich">Maxim Sandovich</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_Church" title="Russian Orthodox Church">Russian Orthodox</a> priest, martyr and saint (b. <a href="/wiki/1888" title="1888">1888</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellen_Axson_Wilson" title="Ellen Axson Wilson">Ellen Axson Wilson</a>, <a href="/wiki/First_Lady_of_the_United_States" title="First Lady of the United States">First Lady of the United States</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1860" title="1860">1860</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_8" title="August 8">August 8</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Martin-Paul_Samba" title="Martin-Paul Samba">Martin-Paul Samba</a>, Cameroonian rebel leader (executed)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Duala_Manga_Bell" title="Rudolf Duala Manga Bell">Rudolf Duala Manga Bell</a>, Cameroonian resistance leader (executed)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_9" title="August 9">August 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Roque_S%C3%A1enz_Pe%C3%B1a" title="Roque Sáenz Peña">Roque Sáenz Peña</a>, 16th <a href="/wiki/President_of_Argentina" title="President of Argentina">President of Argentina</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1851" title="1851">1851</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_12" title="August 12">August 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Philip_Holland" title="John Philip Holland">John Philip Holland</a>, Irish developer of the submarine (b. <a href="/wiki/1840" title="1840">1840</a>)<a href="#cite_note-248">[248]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_15" title="August 15">August 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Adolfo_Carranza" title="Adolfo Carranza">Adolfo Carranza</a>, Argentine lawyer (b. <a href="/wiki/1857" title="1857">1857</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_19" title="August 19">August 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Franz_Xavier_Wernz" title="Franz Xavier Wernz">Franz Xavier Wernz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Superior_general_of_the_Society_of_Jesus" title="Superior general of the Society of Jesus">Superior general of the Society of Jesus</a>, (b. <a href="/wiki/1842" title="1842">1842</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_20" title="August 20">August 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_X" title="Pope Pius X">Pope Pius X</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1835" title="1835">1835</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_22" title="August 22">August 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Mercier" title="Daniel Mercier">Daniel Mercier</a>, French footballer and soldier (b. <a href="/wiki/1892" title="1892">1892</a>)<a href="#cite_note-249">[249]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_23" title="August 23">August 23</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Friedrich_of_Saxe-Meiningen" title="Prince Friedrich of Saxe-Meiningen">Prince Friedrich of Saxe-Meiningen</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1861" title="1861">1861</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Strange_(bishop)" title="Robert Strange (bishop)">Robert Strange</a>, American <a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Church_(United_States)" title="Episcopal Church (United States)">Episcopal</a> bishop (b. <a href="/wiki/1857" title="1857">1857</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_26" title="August 26">August 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Achille_Pierre_Deffontaines" title="Achille Pierre Deffontaines">Achille Pierre Deffontaines</a>, French general (died of wounds received in action) (b. <a href="/wiki/1858" title="1858">1858</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_27" title="August 27">August 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Eugen_B%C3%B6hm_von_Bawerk" class="mw-redirect" title="Eugen Böhm von Bawerk">Eugen Böhm von Bawerk</a>, Austrian economist (b. <a href="/wiki/1851" title="1851">1851</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_28" title="August 28">August 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Leberecht_Maass" title="Leberecht Maass">Leberecht Maass</a>, German admiral (killed in action) (b. <a href="/wiki/1863" title="1863">1863</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_30" title="August 30">August 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Samsonov" title="Alexander Samsonov">Alexander Samsonov</a>, Russian general (suicide) (b. <a href="/wiki/1859" title="1859">1859</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="September_3">September</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1914&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: September">edit</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mustafa_Fahmi_Pasha.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Mustafa_Fahmi_Pasha.jpg/120px-Mustafa_Fahmi_Pasha.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Mustafa_Fahmi_Pasha.jpg/165px-Mustafa_Fahmi_Pasha.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4d/Mustafa_Fahmi_Pasha.jpg 2x" data-file-width="171" data-file-height="208" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mostafa_Fahmy_Pasha" class="mw-redirect" title="Mostafa Fahmy Pasha">Mostafa Fahmy Pasha</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:August_Macke_042.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/August_Macke_042.jpg/110px-August_Macke_042.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/August_Macke_042.jpg/165px-August_Macke_042.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/August_Macke_042.jpg/220px-August_Macke_042.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2024" data-file-height="3087" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/August_Macke" title="August Macke">August Macke</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/September_3" title="September 3">September 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alb%C3%A9ric_Magnard" title="Albéric Magnard">Albéric Magnard</a>, French composer (b. <a href="/wiki/1865" title="1865">1865</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_5" title="September 5">September 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Charles_P%C3%A9guy" title="Charles Péguy">Charles Péguy</a>, French poet, essayist and editor (b. <a href="/wiki/1873" title="1873">1873</a>)<a href="#cite_note-250">[250]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_11" title="September 11">September 11</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mircea_Demetriade" title="Mircea Demetriade">Mircea Demetriade</a>, Romanian poet, playwright and actor (b. <a href="/wiki/1861" title="1861">1861</a>)<a href="#cite_note-251">[251]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ismail_Gasprinski" class="mw-redirect" title="Ismail Gasprinski">Ismail Gasprinski</a>, Crimean Tatar intellectual (b. <a href="/wiki/1851" title="1851">1851</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_13" title="September 13">September 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mostafa_Fahmy_Pasha" class="mw-redirect" title="Mostafa Fahmy Pasha">Mostafa Fahmy Pasha</a>, Egyptian politician, 7th <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Egypt" title="Prime Minister of Egypt">Prime Minister of Egypt</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1840" title="1840">1840</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_14" title="September 14">September 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Nicol%C3%A1s_Zamora" title="Nicolás Zamora">Nicolás Zamora</a>, Filipino <a href="/wiki/Methodist" class="mw-redirect" title="Methodist">Methodist</a> minister and bishop (b. <a href="/wiki/1875" title="1875">1875</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_15" title="September 15">September 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Koos_de_la_Rey" title="Koos de la Rey">Koos de la Rey</a>, Boer general (b. <a href="/wiki/1847" title="1847">1847</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_16" title="September 16">September 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/C._X._Larrabee" title="C. X. Larrabee">C. X. Larrabee</a>, American businessman (b. <a href="/wiki/1843" title="1843">1843</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_22" title="September 22">September 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alain-Fournier" title="Alain-Fournier">Alain-Fournier</a>, French writer (killed in action) (b. <a href="/wiki/1886" title="1886">1886</a>)<a href="#cite_note-252">[252]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_26" title="September 26">September 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/August_Macke" title="August Macke">August Macke</a>, German painter (killed in action) (b. <a href="/wiki/1887" title="1887">1887</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_28" title="September 28">September 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Richard_Warren_Sears" title="Richard Warren Sears">Richard Warren Sears</a>, American founder of <a href="/wiki/Sears,_Roebuck_and_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Sears, Roebuck and Company">Sears, Roebuck and Company</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1863" title="1863">1863</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="October_3">October</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1914&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: October">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Carol_I_King_of_Romania.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Carol_I_King_of_Romania.jpg/120px-Carol_I_King_of_Romania.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Carol_I_King_of_Romania.jpg/250px-Carol_I_King_of_Romania.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="365" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Carol_I_of_Romania" title="Carol I of Romania">Carol I of Romania</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Julio_A_Roca.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Julio_A_Roca.jpg/120px-Julio_A_Roca.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Julio_A_Roca.jpg/250px-Julio_A_Roca.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1053" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Julio_Argentino_Roca" title="Julio Argentino Roca">Julio Argentino Roca</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:JEUriburu.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/JEUriburu.jpg/120px-JEUriburu.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/JEUriburu.jpg/250px-JEUriburu.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="398" data-file-height="641" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Evaristo_Uriburu" title="José Evaristo Uriburu">José Evaristo Uriburu</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/October_1" title="October 1">October 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Kitty_Lange_Kielland" class="mw-redirect" title="Kitty Lange Kielland">Kitty Lange Kielland</a>, Norwegian painter (b. <a href="/wiki/1843" title="1843">1843</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_10" title="October 10">October 10</a> – King <a href="/wiki/Carol_I_of_Romania" title="Carol I of Romania">Carol I of Romania</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1839" title="1839">1839</a>)<a href="#cite_note-253">[253]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_12" title="October 12">October 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Prince_Oleg_Konstantinovich_of_Russia" title="Prince Oleg Konstantinovich of Russia">Prince Oleg Konstantinovich of Russia</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1892" title="1892">1892</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_16" title="October 16">October 16</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Arnold_(Austrian_actor)" title="Victor Arnold (Austrian actor)">Victor Arnold</a>, Austrian actor (b. <a href="/wiki/1873" title="1873">1873</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonino_Patern%C3%B2_Castello,_Marchese_di_San_Giuliano" title="Antonino Paternò Castello, Marchese di San Giuliano">Antonino Paternò Castello, Marchese di San Giuliano</a>, Italian diplomat (b. <a href="/wiki/1852" title="1852">1852</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_17" title="October 17">October 17</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adolfo_Saldias" class="mw-redirect" title="Adolfo Saldias">Adolfo Saldias</a>, Argentine historian, lawyer, politician, soldier and diplomat (b. <a href="/wiki/1849" title="1849">1849</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Wolrad_of_Waldeck_and_Pyrmont" title="Prince Wolrad of Waldeck and Pyrmont">Prince Wolrad of Waldeck and Pyrmont</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1892" title="1892">1892</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_19" title="October 19">October 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Julio_Argentino_Roca" title="Julio Argentino Roca">Julio Argentino Roca</a>, Argentine general and statesman, 2-Time <a href="/wiki/President_of_Argentina" title="President of Argentina">President of Argentina</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1843" title="1843">1843</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_21" title="October 21">October 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Dimitrie_Sturdza" title="Dimitrie Sturdza">Dimitrie Sturdza</a>, 4-time Prime Minister of Romania (b. <a href="/wiki/1833" title="1833">1833</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_23" title="October 23">October 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Evaristo_Uriburu" title="José Evaristo Uriburu">José Evaristo Uriburu</a>, Argentine politician, 12th <a href="/wiki/President_of_Argentina" title="President of Argentina">President of Argentina</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1831" title="1831">1831</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_24" title="October 24">October 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Yevgeniya_Mravina" title="Yevgeniya Mravina">Yevgeniya Mravina</a>, Russian soprano (b. <a href="/wiki/1864" title="1864">1864</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_27" title="October 27">October 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Prince_Maurice_of_Battenberg" title="Prince Maurice of Battenberg">Prince Maurice of Battenberg</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1891" title="1891">1891</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_28" title="October 28">October 28</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Adelgunde_of_Bavaria,_Duchess_of_Modena" title="Princess Adelgunde of Bavaria, Duchess of Modena">Princess Adelgunde of Bavaria</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1823" title="1823">1823</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federico_Peliti" title="Federico Peliti">Federico Peliti</a>, Italian baker (b. <a href="/wiki/1844" title="1844">1844</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="November_3">November</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1914&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: November">edit</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:August_Weismann.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/August_Weismann.jpg/110px-August_Weismann.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/August_Weismann.jpg/165px-August_Weismann.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/August_Weismann.jpg/220px-August_Weismann.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1147" data-file-height="1565" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/August_Weismann" title="August Weismann">August Weismann</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/November_1" title="November 1">November 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Cradock" title="Christopher Cradock">Sir Christopher Cradock</a>, British admiral (killed in action) (b. <a href="/wiki/1862" title="1862">1862</a>)<a href="#cite_note-254">[254]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_3" title="November 3">November 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Georg_Trakl" title="Georg Trakl">Georg Trakl</a>, Austrian poet (suicide) (b. <a href="/wiki/1887" title="1887">1887</a>)<a href="#cite_note-255">[255]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_5" title="November 5">November 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/August_Weismann" title="August Weismann">August Weismann</a>, German evolutionary biologist (b. <a href="/wiki/1834" title="1834">1834</a>)<a href="#cite_note-256">[256]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_9" title="November 9">November 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Princess_Therese_of_Saxe-Altenburg" title="Princess Therese of Saxe-Altenburg">Princess Therese of Saxe-Altenburg</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1836" title="1836">1836</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_14" title="November 14">November 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Roberts,_1st_Earl_Roberts" title="Frederick Roberts, 1st Earl Roberts">Frederick Roberts, 1st Earl Roberts</a>, British field marshal (b. <a href="/wiki/1832" title="1832">1832</a>)<a href="#cite_note-WDL-257">[257]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_17" title="November 17">November 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sattar_Khan" title="Sattar Khan">Sattar Khan</a>, Iranian constitutional reformer and national hero (b. <a href="/wiki/1866" title="1866">1866</a>)<a href="#cite_note-258">[258]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_21" title="November 21">November 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Thaddeus_C._Pound" title="Thaddeus C. Pound">Thaddeus C. Pound</a>, American businessman and politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1832" title="1832">1832</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_28" title="November 28">November 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Johann_Wilhelm_Hittorf" title="Johann Wilhelm Hittorf">Johann Wilhelm Hittorf</a>, German physicist (b. <a href="/wiki/1824" title="1824">1824</a>)<a href="#cite_note-259">[259]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="December_3">December</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1914&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: December">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/December_1" title="December 1">December 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Thayer_Mahan" title="Alfred Thayer Mahan">Alfred Thayer Mahan</a>, United States Navy admiral, geostrategist and historian (b. <a href="/wiki/1840" title="1840">1840</a>)<a href="#cite_note-260">[260]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_8" title="December 8">December 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Maximilian_von_Spee" title="Maximilian von Spee">Maximilian von Spee</a>, German admiral (killed in action) (b. <a href="/wiki/1861" title="1861">1861</a>)<a href="#cite_note-261">[261]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_14" title="December 14">December 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Sgambati" title="Giovanni Sgambati">Giovanni Sgambati</a>, Italian pianist and composer (b. <a href="/wiki/1841" title="1841">1841</a>)<a href="#cite_note-262">[262]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_16" title="December 16">December 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Zajc" title="Ivan Zajc">Ivan Zajc</a>, Croatian composer (b. <a href="/wiki/1832" title="1832">1832</a>)<a href="#cite_note-263">[263]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_24" title="December 24">December 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Muir" title="John Muir">John Muir</a>, American naturalist (b. <a href="/wiki/1838" title="1838">1838</a>)<a href="#cite_note-264">[264]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Date_unknown_3">Date unknown</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1914&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Date unknown">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jehandad_Khan" title="Jehandad Khan">Jehandad Khan</a>, Afghan emir (executed)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nobel_Prizes">Nobel Prizes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1914&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Nobel Prizes">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nobel_medal.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6a/Nobel_medal.png/120px-Nobel_medal.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6a/Nobel_medal.png/250px-Nobel_medal.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1013" data-file-height="1013" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physics" title="Nobel Prize in Physics">Physics</a> – <a href="/wiki/Max_von_Laue" title="Max von Laue">Max von Laue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="Nobel Prize in Chemistry">Chemistry</a> – <a href="/wiki/Theodore_William_Richards" title="Theodore William Richards">Theodore William Richards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine" title="Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine">Medicine</a> – <a href="/wiki/R%C3%B3bert_B%C3%A1r%C3%A1ny" class="mw-redirect" title="Róbert Bárány">Róbert Bárány</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Nobel Prize in Literature">Literature</a> – not awarded</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="Nobel Peace Prize">Peace</a> – not awarded</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1914&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9bNwTRCakOIC&pg=RA1-PA12">FAA Aviation News</a>. Office of Public Affairs, Federal Aviation Agency. 1967. p. 12.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=FAA+Aviation+News&rft.pages=12&rft.pub=Office+of+Public+Affairs%2C+Federal+Aviation+Agency&rft.date=1967&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9bNwTRCakOIC%26pg%3DRA1-PA12&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6ccOAQAAMAAJ">The Associated Press Library of Disasters: Volcanoes</a>. Vol. 3. Grolier Educational. September 1997. p. 27. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7172-9172-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7172-9172-4"><bdi>978-0-7172-9172-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Associated+Press+Library+of+Disasters%3A+Volcanoes&rft.pages=27&rft.pub=Grolier+Educational&rft.date=1997-09&rft.isbn=978-0-7172-9172-4&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6ccOAQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBartlettRalph_Hale1916" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bartlett_(explorer)" title="Robert Bartlett (explorer)">Bartlett, Robert</a>; Ralph Hale (1916). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lastvoyageofkarl00bartuoft">The Last Voyage of the Karluk</a>. <a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a>: McLelland, Goodchild and Stewart. pp. 90–91.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Last+Voyage+of+the+Karluk&rft.place=Toronto&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E90-%3C%2Fspan%3E91&rft.pub=McLelland%2C+Goodchild+and+Stewart&rft.date=1916&rft.aulast=Bartlett&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.au=Ralph+Hale&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flastvoyageofkarl00bartuoft&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFUnited_States_Office_of_Public_Buildings_and_Public_Parks_of_the_National_Capital1927" class="citation book cs1">United States Office of Public Buildings and Public Parks of the National Capital (1927). Concklin, Edward Franklin (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YlnnAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA466">The Lincoln Memorial, Washington</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Government_Publishing_Office" title="United States Government Publishing Office">United States Government Printing Office</a>. p. 466.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Lincoln+Memorial%2C+Washington&rft.pages=466&rft.pub=United+States+Government+Printing+Office&rft.date=1927&rft.au=United+States+Office+of+Public+Buildings+and+Public+Parks+of+the+National+Capital&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYlnnAAAAMAAJ%26pg%3DPA466&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hill1987-5"><a href="#cite_ref-Hill1987_5-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHill1987" class="citation book cs1">Hill, Richard Synyer (1987). Bradley, Carol June; Coover, James (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2n8XAQAAIAAJ">Richard S. Hill--Tributes from Friends</a>. Information Coordinators. p. 366. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-89990-035-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-89990-035-3"><bdi>978-0-89990-035-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Richard+S.+Hill--Tributes+from+Friends&rft.pages=366&rft.pub=Information+Coordinators&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=978-0-89990-035-3&rft.aulast=Hill&rft.aufirst=Richard+Synyer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2n8XAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=C4UPAQAAIAAJ">The Encyclopedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, Literature and General Information</a>. <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Company">Encyclopedia Britannica Company</a>. 1922. p. 632.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+Britannica%3A+A+Dictionary+of+Arts%2C+Sciences%2C+Literature+and+General+Information&rft.pages=632&rft.pub=Encyclopedia+Britannica+Company&rft.date=1922&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DC4UPAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.whitestarhistory.com/britannic2">"HMHS Britannic (II) - White Star Line History Website (White Star History)"</a>. www.whitestarhistory.com. Retrieved April 6, 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.whitestarhistory.com&rft.atitle=HMHS+Britannic+%28II%29+-+White+Star+Line+History+Website+%28White+Star+History%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.whitestarhistory.com%2Fbritannic2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFilipović1989" class="citation book cs1">Filipović, Gordana (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1TC5AAAAIAAJ">Kosovo: Past and Present</a>. Review of International Affairs. p. 75.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kosovo%3A+Past+and+Present&rft.pages=75&rft.pub=Review+of+International+Affairs&rft.date=1989&rft.aulast=Filipovi%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Gordana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1TC5AAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wright1919-9"><a href="#cite_ref-Wright1919_9-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWright1919" class="citation book cs1">Wright, Herbert Francis, ed. (1919). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=g6mvpxwpPRsC&pg=PA1">The Constitutions of the States at War, 1914-1918</a>. U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 1.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Constitutions+of+the+States+at+War%2C+1914-1918&rft.pages=1&rft.pub=U.S.+Government+Printing+Office&rft.date=1919&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dg6mvpxwpPRsC%26pg%3DPA1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGamboni1997" class="citation book cs1">Gamboni, Dario (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=60ba0VmXVM8C&pg=PA94">The Destruction of Art: Iconoclasm and Vandalism Since the French Revolution</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reaktion_Books" title="Reaktion Books">Reaktion Books</a>. p. 94. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-948462-94-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-948462-94-8"><bdi>978-0-948462-94-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Destruction+of+Art%3A+Iconoclasm+and+Vandalism+Since+the+French+Revolution&rft.pages=94&rft.pub=Reaktion+Books&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-948462-94-8&rft.aulast=Gamboni&rft.aufirst=Dario&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D60ba0VmXVM8C%26pg%3DPA94&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAdams1914" class="citation news cs1">Adams, Charles Henry (March 26, 1914). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=950&dat=19140326&id=rYgLAAAAIBAJ&sjid=-1MDAAAAIBAJ&pg=1999,162635">"New York Day By Day"</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Evening_Independent" title="Evening Independent">Evening Independent</a>. St. Petersburg, Florida. p. 7. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210224230137/https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=950&dat=19140326&id=rYgLAAAAIBAJ&sjid=-1MDAAAAIBAJ&pg=1999,162635">Archived</a> from the original on February 24, 2021. Retrieved July 14, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Evening+Independent&rft.atitle=New+York+Day+By+Day&rft.pages=7&rft.date=1914-03-26&rft.aulast=Adams&rft.aufirst=Charles+Henry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fnid%3D950%26dat%3D19140326%26id%3DrYgLAAAAIBAJ%26sjid%3D-1MDAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D1999%2C162635&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cottrell-12">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Cottrell_12-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cottrell_12-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCottrell2009" class="citation book cs1">Cottrell, Peter (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/warforirelandgen00cott">The War for Ireland, 1913–1923</a>. Oxford: Osprey. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/warforirelandgen00cott/page/n14">14</a>–15. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84603-9966" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84603-9966"><bdi>978-1-84603-9966</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+War+for+Ireland%2C+1913%E2%80%931923&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=14-15&rft.pub=Osprey&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-84603-9966&rft.aulast=Cottrell&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwarforirelandgen00cott&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">dead link</a>‍] </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://marypickford.org/filmography/tess-of-the-storm-country/">"Tess of the Storm Country"</a>. Mary Pickford Foundation. Retrieved April 6, 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mary+Pickford+Foundation&rft.atitle=Tess+of+the+Storm+Country&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmarypickford.org%2Ffilmography%2Ftess-of-the-storm-country%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-AtkinsonBoulton1989-14"><a href="#cite_ref-AtkinsonBoulton1989_14-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAtkinsonBoulton1989" class="citation book cs1">Atkinson, Richard Stuart; Boulton, T. B., eds. (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OftqAAAAMAAJ">The History of Anaesthesia</a>. Royal Society of Medicine Services. pp. 436–440. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-929858-18-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-929858-18-0"><bdi>978-0-929858-18-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History+of+Anaesthesia&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E436-%3C%2Fspan%3E440&rft.pub=Royal+Society+of+Medicine+Services&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-0-929858-18-0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOftqAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFVan_Tilburg1994" class="citation book cs1">Van Tilburg, JoAnne (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rLEWAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA16">Easter Island: Archaeology, Ecology and Culture</a>. <a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Institution_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Smithsonian Institution Press">Smithsonion Institution Press</a>. p. 16. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-56098-510-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-56098-510-5"><bdi>978-1-56098-510-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Easter+Island%3A+Archaeology%2C+Ecology+and+Culture&rft.pages=16&rft.pub=Smithsonion+Institution+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-1-56098-510-5&rft.aulast=Van+Tilburg&rft.aufirst=JoAnne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrLEWAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DPA16&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJohnston2006" class="citation web cs1">Johnston, Hugh (February 7, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210405043204/https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/komagata-maru">"Komagata Maru; The Canadian Encyclopedia"</a>. www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/komagata-maru">the original</a> on April 5, 2021. Retrieved April 5, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca&rft.atitle=Komagata+Maru%3B+The+Canadian+Encyclopedia&rft.date=2006-02-07&rft.aulast=Johnston&rft.aufirst=Hugh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca%2Fen%2Farticle%2Fkomagata-maru&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFReichely1979" class="citation journal cs1">Reichely, John A. (1979). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mPMHKFB0O6oC&pg=PA77">"Militant April"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Military_Review" class="mw-redirect" title="Military Review">Military Review</a>. 59 (7 ed.). <a href="/wiki/Command_and_General_Staff_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Command and General Staff School">Command and General Staff School</a>: 77.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Military+Review&rft.atitle=Militant+April&rft.volume=59&rft.pages=77&rft.date=1979&rft.aulast=Reichely&rft.aufirst=John+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmPMHKFB0O6oC%26pg%3DPA77&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180220151856/https://www.pc.gc.ca/apps/cseh-twih/archives2_E.asp?id=645">"Parks Canada - Archives"</a>. www.pc.gc.ca. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pc.gc.ca/apps/cseh-twih/archives2_E.asp?id=645">the original</a> on February 20, 2018. Retrieved February 4, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.pc.gc.ca&rft.atitle=Parks+Canada+-+Archives&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pc.gc.ca%2Fapps%2Fcseh-twih%2Farchives2_E.asp%3Fid%3D645&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.interpol.int/en/Who-we-are/Our-history/How-our-history-started">"1923 – how our history started"</a>. www.interpol.int. Retrieved April 6, 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.interpol.int&rft.atitle=1923+%E2%80%93+how+our+history+started&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.interpol.int%2Fen%2FWho-we-are%2FOur-history%2FHow-our-history-started&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.gouv.mc/Policy-Practice/Security/International-collaboration">"International collaboration / Security / Policy & Practice / Portail du Gouvernement - Monaco"</a>. en.gouv.mc. Retrieved April 6, 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=en.gouv.mc&rft.atitle=International+collaboration+%2F+Security+%2F+Policy+%26+Practice+%2F+Portail+du+Gouvernement+-+Monaco&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.gouv.mc%2FPolicy-Practice%2FSecurity%2FInternational-collaboration&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nps.gov/articles/000/war-in-the-coalfields-the-ludlow-massacre-and-its-impact-on-the-eight-hour-workday.htm">"War in the Coalfields: The "Ludlow Massacre" and its Impact on the Eight-hour workday (U.S. National Park Service)"</a>. www.nps.gov. Retrieved April 6, 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.nps.gov&rft.atitle=War+in+the+Coalfields%3A+The+%E2%80%9CLudlow+Massacre%E2%80%9D+and+its+Impact+on+the+Eight-hour+workday+%28U.S.+National+Park+Service%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Farticles%2F000%2Fwar-in-the-coalfields-the-ludlow-massacre-and-its-impact-on-the-eight-hour-workday.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://millercenter.org/the-presidency/presidential-speeches/april-20-1914-message-regarding-tampico-incident">"April 20, 1914: Message Regarding Tampico Incident | Miller Center"</a>. millercenter.org. October 20, 2016. Retrieved April 6, 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=millercenter.org&rft.atitle=April+20%2C+1914%3A+Message+Regarding+Tampico+Incident+%7C+Miller+Center&rft.date=2016-10-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmillercenter.org%2Fthe-presidency%2Fpresidential-speeches%2Fapril-20-1914-message-regarding-tampico-incident&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFadmin2023" class="citation web cs1">admin (April 20, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mainemilitarymuseum.org/the-ypiranga-incident-a-pivotal-episode-in-u-s-mexican-relations-during-the-mexican-revolution/">"The Ypiranga Incident: A Pivotal Episode in U.S.-Mexican Relations during the Mexican Revolution"</a>. Maine Military Museum. Retrieved April 6, 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Maine+Military+Museum&rft.atitle=The+Ypiranga+Incident%3A+A+Pivotal+Episode+in+U.S.-Mexican+Relations+during+the+Mexican+Revolution&rft.date=2023-04-20&rft.au=admin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmainemilitarymuseum.org%2Fthe-ypiranga-incident-a-pivotal-episode-in-u-s-mexican-relations-during-the-mexican-revolution%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LdMwAQAAIAAJ">South African Panorama</a>. Vol. 18. South African Information Service. 1956. p. 19.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=South+African+Panorama&rft.pages=19&rft.pub=South+African+Information+Service&rft.date=1956&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLdMwAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHageman2014" class="citation news cs1">Hageman, William (March 30, 2014). "Seminary gave way to Cub faithful". <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Tribune" title="Chicago Tribune">Chicago Tribune</a>. A. p. 14.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chicago+Tribune&rft.atitle=Seminary+gave+way+to+Cub+faithful&rft.pages=14&rft.date=2014-03-30&rft.aulast=Hageman&rft.aufirst=William&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHopmansvan_DongenMuseum_Boijmans_Van_Beuningen1996" class="citation book cs1">Hopmans, Anita; van Dongen, Kees; Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XVJQAAAAMAAJ">The Van Dongen Nobody Knows: Early and Fauvist Drawings 1895-1912</a>. <a href="/wiki/Boijmans_Van_Beuningen_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Boijmans Van Beuningen Museum">Boijmans Van Beuningen Museum</a>. p. 312. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-6918-170-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-6918-170-7"><bdi>978-90-6918-170-7</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207123517/https://books.google.com/books?id=XVJQAAAAMAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 26, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Van+Dongen+Nobody+Knows%3A+Early+and+Fauvist+Drawings+1895-1912&rft.pages=312&rft.pub=Boijmans+Van+Beuningen+Museum&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-90-6918-170-7&rft.aulast=Hopmans&rft.aufirst=Anita&rft.au=van+Dongen%2C+Kees&rft.au=Museum+Boijmans+Van+Beuningen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXVJQAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSteigan" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Steigan, Geir Tandberg. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.artemisia.no/arc/historisk/oslo/bygninger/jubileumsutst.1914.html">"Jubileumsutstillingen i Kristiania, 1914"</a>. arc (in Norwegian). Retrieved December 2, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=arc&rft.atitle=Jubileumsutstillingen+i+Kristiania%2C+1914&rft.aulast=Steigan&rft.aufirst=Geir+Tandberg&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.artemisia.no%2Farc%2Fhistorisk%2Foslo%2Fbygninger%2Fjubileumsutst.1914.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAberdeen" class="citation web cs1">Aberdeen, J. A. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cobbles.com/simpp_archive/hodkinson_system.htm">"W. W. Hodkinson: The Man Who Invented Hollywood"</a>. Society of Independent Motion Picture Producers. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220110115321/https://www.cobbles.com/simpp_archive/hodkinson_system.htm">Archived</a> from the original on January 10, 2022. Retrieved January 10, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=W.+W.+Hodkinson%3A+The+Man+Who+Invented+Hollywood&rft.pub=Society+of+Independent+Motion+Picture+Producers&rft.aulast=Aberdeen&rft.aufirst=J.+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cobbles.com%2Fsimpp_archive%2Fhodkinson_system.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.espncricinfo.com/cricketers/jack-hearne-14133">"Jack Hearne"</a>. cricinfo. Retrieved December 2, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=cricinfo&rft.atitle=Jack+Hearne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.espncricinfo.com%2Fcricketers%2Fjack-hearne-14133&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCapps1963" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Capps" title="Edward Capps">Capps, Edward</a> (1963). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=F5VpAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA14">Greece, Albania, and Northern Epirus</a>. Argonaut. p. 14. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207123642/https://books.google.com/books?id=F5VpAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA14#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 26, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Greece%2C+Albania%2C+and+Northern+Epirus&rft.pages=14&rft.pub=Argonaut&rft.date=1963&rft.aulast=Capps&rft.aufirst=Edward&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DF5VpAAAAMAAJ%26pg%3DPA14&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBlackbourn2014" class="citation book cs1">Blackbourn, Jessie (August 7, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZI89BAAAQBAJ&pg=PA13">Anti-Terrorism Law and Normalising Northern Ireland</a>. <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. p. 13. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-317-96419-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-317-96419-3"><bdi>978-1-317-96419-3</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207123552/https://books.google.com/books?id=ZI89BAAAQBAJ&pg=PA13#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 26, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Anti-Terrorism+Law+and+Normalising+Northern+Ireland&rft.pages=13&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2014-08-07&rft.isbn=978-1-317-96419-3&rft.aulast=Blackbourn&rft.aufirst=Jessie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZI89BAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA13&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDewar1989" class="citation book cs1">Dewar, M. D. (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NIgTAAAAYAAJ">Collisions at Sea - How?</a>. Brown, Son & Ferguson. p. 375. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85174-561-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-85174-561-9"><bdi>978-0-85174-561-9</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207123627/https://books.google.com/books?id=NIgTAAAAYAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 14, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Collisions+at+Sea+-+How%3F&rft.pages=375&rft.pub=Brown%2C+Son+%26+Ferguson&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-0-85174-561-9&rft.aulast=Dewar&rft.aufirst=M.+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNIgTAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMcCart1990" class="citation book cs1">McCart, Neil (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ttBPAAAAMAAJ">Atlantic Liners of the Cunard Line</a>. <a href="/wiki/HarperCollins" title="HarperCollins">HarperCollins</a>. p. 98. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85260-065-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85260-065-5"><bdi>978-1-85260-065-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207123540/https://books.google.com/books?id=ttBPAAAAMAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 26, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Atlantic+Liners+of+the+Cunard+Line&rft.pages=98&rft.pub=HarperCollins&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-1-85260-065-5&rft.aulast=McCart&rft.aufirst=Neil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DttBPAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFToure2009" class="citation web cs1">Toure, Maelenn-Kegni (February 27, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.blackpast.org/global-african-history/diagne-blaise-1872-1934/">"Blaise Diagne (1872-1934)"</a>. BlackPast.org. Retrieved April 6, 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BlackPast.org&rft.atitle=Blaise+Diagne+%281872-1934%29&rft.date=2009-02-27&rft.aulast=Toure&rft.aufirst=Maelenn-Kegni&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.blackpast.org%2Fglobal-african-history%2Fdiagne-blaise-1872-1934%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7Qc4AQAAIAAJ">The Living Age</a>. The Living Age Company. 1918. p. 664. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207123542/https://books.google.com/books?id=7Qc4AQAAIAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 26, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Living+Age&rft.pages=664&rft.pub=The+Living+Age+Company&rft.date=1918&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7Qc4AQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://baseballhall.org/discover/inside-pitch/wagner-makes-history-with-3000th-hit">"Wagner made history with 3,000th hit | Baseball Hall of Fame"</a>. baseballhall.org. Retrieved April 6, 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=baseballhall.org&rft.atitle=Wagner+made+history+with+3%2C000th+hit+%7C+Baseball+Hall+of+Fame&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbaseballhall.org%2Fdiscover%2Finside-pitch%2Fwagner-makes-history-with-3000th-hit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Atlanta_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="The Atlanta Constitution">The Atlanta Constitution</a>. 17 June 1914. p. 1.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">title missing</a>] </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSociety_for_Psychical_Research1923" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Society_for_Psychical_Research" title="Society for Psychical Research">Society for Psychical Research</a> (1923). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=thXWAAAAIAAJ">Proceedings</a>. Vol. 33. p. 600. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207123518/https://books.google.com/books?id=thXWAAAAIAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 16, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Proceedings&rft.pages=600&rft.date=1923&rft.au=Society+for+Psychical+Research&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DthXWAAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FinestoneMassie-39"><a href="#cite_ref-FinestoneMassie_39-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFinestone,_JeffreyMassie,_Robert_K.1981" class="citation book cs1">Finestone, Jeffrey; Massie, Robert K. (1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-1cvAAAAMAAJ">The Last Courts of Europe</a>. Dent. p. 247. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-460-04519-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-460-04519-3"><bdi>978-0-460-04519-3</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207123552/https://books.google.com/books?id=-1cvAAAAMAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved September 27, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Last+Courts+of+Europe&rft.pages=247&rft.pub=Dent&rft.date=1981&rft.isbn=978-0-460-04519-3&rft.au=Finestone%2C+Jeffrey&rft.au=Massie%2C+Robert+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-1cvAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-OneMorningSarajevo-40"><a href="#cite_ref-OneMorningSarajevo_40-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSmith,_David_James2010" class="citation book cs1">Smith, David James (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GzsnSU9J5sAC">One Morning In Sarajevo</a>. Hachette UK. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-297-85608-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-297-85608-5"><bdi>978-0-297-85608-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207124130/https://books.google.com/books?id=GzsnSU9J5sAC">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved September 27, 2016. <q>He was photographed on the way to the station and the photograph has been reproduced many times in books and articles, claiming to depict the arrest of Gavrilo Princip. But there is no photograph of Princip's arrest – this photograph shows the arrest of Behr.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=One+Morning+In+Sarajevo&rft.pub=Hachette+UK&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-297-85608-5&rft.au=Smith%2C+David+James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGzsnSU9J5sAC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theworldwar.org/learn/about-wwi/june-28-1914">"June 28, 1914"</a>. National WWI Museum and Memorial. Retrieved April 6, 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+WWI+Museum+and+Memorial&rft.atitle=June+28%2C+1914&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theworldwar.org%2Flearn%2Fabout-wwi%2Fjune-28-1914&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFVojinovic2024" class="citation web cs1">Vojinovic, Milos (June 28, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://balkaninsight.com/2024/06/28/a-violent-desire-for-justice-gavrilo-princips-motives-for-the-sarajevo-assassination/">"A Violent Desire for Justice: Gavrilo Princip's Motives for the Sarajevo Assassination"</a>. Balkan Insight. Retrieved April 6, 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Balkan+Insight&rft.atitle=A+Violent+Desire+for+Justice%3A+Gavrilo+Princip%E2%80%99s+Motives+for+the+Sarajevo+Assassination&rft.date=2024-06-28&rft.aulast=Vojinovic&rft.aufirst=Milos&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbalkaninsight.com%2F2024%2F06%2F28%2Fa-violent-desire-for-justice-gavrilo-princips-motives-for-the-sarajevo-assassination%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.upi.com/Archives/1914/06/29/Austrians-Are-Furious-Over-Assassination-of-Ferdinand-and-Wife/6738911845310/">"Austrians Are Furious Over Assassination of Ferdinand and Wife - UPI Archives"</a>. UPI. Retrieved April 6, 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UPI&rft.atitle=Austrians+Are+Furious+Over+Assassination+of+Ferdinand+and+Wife+-+UPI+Archives&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.upi.com%2FArchives%2F1914%2F06%2F29%2FAustrians-Are-Furious-Over-Assassination-of-Ferdinand-and-Wife%2F6738911845310%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theworldwar.org/exhibitions/brink">"On the Brink"</a>. National WWI Museum and Memorial. Retrieved April 6, 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+WWI+Museum+and+Memorial&rft.atitle=On+the+Brink&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theworldwar.org%2Fexhibitions%2Fbrink&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140201192130/http://www.bristolpost.co.uk/International-exhibition-known-city/story-19493585-detail/story.html">"International exhibition became known as a city"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bristol_Post" title="Bristol Post">Bristol Post</a>. July 9, 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bristolpost.co.uk/International-exhibition-known-city/story-19493585-detail/story.html">the original</a> on February 1, 2014. Retrieved January 28, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bristol+Post&rft.atitle=International+exhibition+became+known+as+a+city&rft.date=2013-07-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bristolpost.co.uk%2FInternational-exhibition-known-city%2Fstory-19493585-detail%2Fstory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/commons/1914/jun/30/assassination-of-archduke-francis">"ASSASSINATION OF ARCHDUKE FRANCIS FERDINAND AND HIS CONSORT. (Hansard, 30 June 1914)"</a>. api.parliament.uk. Retrieved April 7, 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=api.parliament.uk&rft.atitle=ASSASSINATION+OF+ARCHDUKE+FRANCIS+FERDINAND+AND+HIS+CONSORT.+%28Hansard%2C+30+June+1914%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.parliament.uk%2Fhistoric-hansard%2Fcommons%2F1914%2Fjun%2F30%2Fassassination-of-archduke-francis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Circular-47"><a href="#cite_ref-Circular_47-0">^</a> Admiralty Circular CW.13963/14, 1 July 1914: "Royal Naval Air Service – Organisation" </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.schloss-artstetten.at/en/artstetten-castle/family-crypt/">"Family Crypt"</a>. Artstetten Castle. Retrieved April 6, 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Artstetten+Castle&rft.atitle=Family+Crypt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.schloss-artstetten.at%2Fen%2Fartstetten-castle%2Ffamily-crypt%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/item/2014696452/">N.Y. house wrecked by Caron bomb</a>, Bain News Service, January 1, 1914, retrieved April 6, 2025</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=N.Y.+house+wrecked+by+Caron+bomb&rft.date=1914-01-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.loc.gov%2Fitem%2F2014696452%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Citation" title="Template:Citation">citation</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: others (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_others" title="Category:CS1 maint: others">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dailykos.com/stories/2019/4/22/1849536/-WWI-The-Death-of-Peace-VI-The-Untimely-Demise-of-Ambassador-Hartwig">"WWI: The Death of Peace- VI. The Untimely Demise of Ambassador Hartwig"</a>. Daily Kos. Retrieved April 6, 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Daily+Kos&rft.atitle=WWI%3A+The+Death+of+Peace-+VI.+The+Untimely+Demise+of+Ambassador+Hartwig&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailykos.com%2Fstories%2F2019%2F4%2F22%2F1849536%2F-WWI-The-Death-of-Peace-VI-The-Untimely-Demise-of-Ambassador-Hartwig&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thisdayinbaseball.com/babe-ruth-makes-his-major-league-debut-with-the-boston-red-sox-against-the-cleveland-naps/">"Babe Ruth makes his major league debut with the Boston Red Sox against the Cleveland Naps – This Day In Baseball"</a>. thisdayinbaseball.com. Retrieved April 6, 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=thisdayinbaseball.com&rft.atitle=Babe+Ruth+makes+his+major+league+debut+with+the+Boston+Red+Sox+against+the+Cleveland+Naps+%E2%80%93+This+Day+In+Baseball&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthisdayinbaseball.com%2Fbabe-ruth-makes-his-major-league-debut-with-the-boston-red-sox-against-the-cleveland-naps%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1914/07/05/archives/exploded-in-apartment-occupied-by-tarrytown-disturbers-only-one.html">"Plan Big Meeting For Dead Bomb Men: Demonstration in Union Square by Anti-Militarist League Announced for Tomorrow"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. July 10, 1914. p. 1. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180620154925/https://www.nytimes.com/1914/07/05/archives/exploded-in-apartment-occupied-by-tarrytown-disturbers-only-one.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 20, 2018. Retrieved July 13, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Plan+Big+Meeting+For+Dead+Bomb+Men%3A+Demonstration+in+Union+Square+by+Anti-Militarist+League+Announced+for+Tomorrow&rft.pages=1&rft.date=1914-07-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1914%2F07%2F05%2Farchives%2Fexploded-in-apartment-occupied-by-tarrytown-disturbers-only-one.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAssociation" class="citation web cs1">Association, Texas State Historical. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/huerta-victoriano">"Huerta, Victoriano"</a>. Texas State Historical Association. Retrieved April 7, 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Texas+State+Historical+Association&rft.atitle=Huerta%2C+Victoriano&rft.aulast=Association&rft.aufirst=Texas+State+Historical&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tshaonline.org%2Fhandbook%2Fentries%2Fhuerta-victoriano&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uf4sAAAAIAAJ&pg=RA4-PP1">Army Information Digest</a>. U.S. Department of the Army. p. 4. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207124149/https://books.google.com/books?id=uf4sAAAAIAAJ&pg=RA4-PP1#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved May 2, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Army+Information+Digest&rft.pages=4&rft.pub=U.S.+Department+of+the+Army&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Duf4sAAAAIAAJ%26pg%3DRA4-PP1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFcharis2015" class="citation web cs1">charis (October 26, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://navymuseum.co.nz/explore/by-themes/customs-and-traditions/origins-of-fleet-reviews-and-man-and-cheer-ship/">"Origins of Fleet Reviews"</a>. National Museum of the Royal New Zealand Navy. Retrieved April 7, 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Museum+of+the+Royal+New+Zealand+Navy&rft.atitle=Origins+of+Fleet+Reviews&rft.date=2015-10-26&rft.au=charis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnavymuseum.co.nz%2Fexplore%2Fby-themes%2Fcustoms-and-traditions%2Forigins-of-fleet-reviews-and-man-and-cheer-ship%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gandhistory.in/biography-through-stories.php">"Gandhi's Biography through Stories"</a>. gandhistory.in. Retrieved April 7, 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=gandhistory.in&rft.atitle=Gandhi%27s+Biography+through+Stories&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgandhistory.in%2Fbiography-through-stories.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMutschlechner2014" class="citation web cs1">Mutschlechner, Martin (March 3, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ww1.habsburger.net/en/chapters/ultimatum">"The ultimatum"</a>. Der Erste Weltkrieg. Retrieved April 7, 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Der+Erste+Weltkrieg&rft.atitle=The+ultimatum&rft.date=2014-03-03&rft.aulast=Mutschlechner&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fww1.habsburger.net%2Fen%2Fchapters%2Fultimatum&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFConnolly,_S._J.2007" class="citation book cs1">Connolly, S. J., ed. (2007). Oxford Companion to Irish History (2nd ed.). <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-923483-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-923483-7"><bdi>978-0-19-923483-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Oxford+Companion+to+Irish+History&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-19-923483-7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMoodyMartinByrne1976" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Theodore_William_Moody" title="Theodore William Moody">Moody, Theodore William</a>; Martin, Francis X.; <a href="/wiki/Francis_John_Byrne" title="Francis John Byrne">Byrne, Francis John</a>, eds. (1976). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pYNeAQAAQBAJ&pg=PR11">A New History of Ireland: Ireland, 1921-84</a>. <a href="/wiki/Clarendon_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Clarendon Press">Clarendon Press</a>. p. 142. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-958374-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-958374-4"><bdi>978-0-19-958374-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207124104/https://books.google.com/books?id=pYNeAQAAQBAJ&pg=PR11#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved May 2, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+New+History+of+Ireland%3A+Ireland%2C+1921-84&rft.pages=142&rft.pub=Clarendon+Press&rft.date=1976&rft.isbn=978-0-19-958374-4&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DpYNeAQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPR11&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAyabe1998" class="citation book cs1">Ayabe, Tsuneo, ed. (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uQXXAAAAMAAJ">Nation-state, Identity, and Religion in Southeast Asia</a>. Singapore Society of Asian Studies. p. 127. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9971-9903-5-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-9971-9903-5-0"><bdi>978-9971-9903-5-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207124150/https://books.google.com/books?id=uQXXAAAAMAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 26, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nation-state%2C+Identity%2C+and+Religion+in+Southeast+Asia&rft.pages=127&rft.pub=Singapore+Society+of+Asian+Studies&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-9971-9903-5-0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DuQXXAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/july-28/austria-hungary-declares-war-on-serbia">"Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia | July 28, 1914"</a>. HISTORY. October 28, 2009. Retrieved April 7, 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=HISTORY&rft.atitle=Austria-Hungary+declares+war+on+Serbia+%7C+July+28%2C+1914&rft.date=2009-10-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.history.com%2Fthis-day-in-history%2Fjuly-28%2Faustria-hungary-declares-war-on-serbia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=j8mVAAAAMAAJ">The Guide to American Law: Everyone's Legal Encyclopedia</a>. <a href="/wiki/West_Publishing_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="West Publishing Company">West Publishing Company</a>. 1983. p. 209. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-314-73224-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-314-73224-8"><bdi>978-0-314-73224-8</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207124152/https://books.google.com/books?id=j8mVAAAAMAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 20, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Guide+to+American+Law%3A+Everyone%27s+Legal+Encyclopedia&rft.pages=209&rft.pub=West+Publishing+Company&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=978-0-314-73224-8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dj8mVAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLauterborn2015" class="citation web cs1">Lauterborn, David (October 1, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.historynet.com/the-man-who-let-goeben-escape/">"The Man Who Let Goeben Escape"</a>. HistoryNet. Retrieved April 7, 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=HistoryNet&rft.atitle=The+Man+Who+Let+Goeben+Escape&rft.date=2015-10-01&rft.aulast=Lauterborn&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.historynet.com%2Fthe-man-who-let-goeben-escape%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFYeoman" class="citation web cs1">Yeoman. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://museumships.us/serbia/sava">"Sava"</a>. museumships.us. Retrieved April 7, 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=museumships.us&rft.atitle=Sava&rft.au=Yeoman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmuseumships.us%2Fserbia%2Fsava&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=raVIAAAAYAAJ">Interstate Port Handbook</a>. Vance Publishing Corporation. 1976. p. 15. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207124152/https://books.google.com/books?id=raVIAAAAYAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 20, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Interstate+Port+Handbook&rft.pages=15&rft.pub=Vance+Publishing+Corporation&rft.date=1976&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DraVIAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-66">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_66-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_66-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iwm.org.uk/history/how-the-world-went-to-war-in-1914">"How The World Went To War In 1914"</a>. Imperial War Museums. Retrieved April 7, 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Imperial+War+Museums&rft.atitle=How+The+World+Went+To+War+In+1914&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iwm.org.uk%2Fhistory%2Fhow-the-world-went-to-war-in-1914&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://exhibits.library.wisc.edu/wwi/germany-mobilizes-for-war/">"Germany Mobilizes for War | UW-Madison Libraries Exhibits"</a>. exhibits.library.wisc.edu. Retrieved April 7, 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=exhibits.library.wisc.edu&rft.atitle=Germany+Mobilizes+for+War+%7C+UW-Madison+Libraries+Exhibits&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fexhibits.library.wisc.edu%2Fwwi%2Fgermany-mobilizes-for-war%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=giZKAQAAMAAJ">Financial World</a>. Financial World Partners. 1918. p. 9. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207124112/https://books.google.com/books?id=giZKAQAAMAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 14, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Financial+World&rft.pages=9&rft.pub=Financial+World+Partners&rft.date=1918&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgiZKAQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://luxembourg.public.lu/en/society-and-culture/history/premire-guerre-mondiale.html">"First World War"</a>. luxembourg.public.lu. January 9, 2024. Retrieved April 7, 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=luxembourg.public.lu&rft.atitle=First+World+War&rft.date=2024-01-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fluxembourg.public.lu%2Fen%2Fsociety-and-culture%2Fhistory%2Fpremire-guerre-mondiale.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/history-the-arts/history/what-was-the-schlieffen-plan">"What was The Schlieffen Plan?"</a>. Open Learning. Retrieved April 7, 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Open+Learning&rft.atitle=What+was+The+Schlieffen+Plan%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.open.edu%2Fopenlearn%2Fhistory-the-arts%2Fhistory%2Fwhat-was-the-schlieffen-plan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBerghahn1973" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Volker_Berghahn" title="Volker Berghahn">Berghahn, Volker Rolf</a> (1973). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ECJoAAAAMAAJ">Germany and the Approach of War in 1914</a>. Macmillan. p. 221. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-333-10696-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-333-10696-9"><bdi>978-0-333-10696-9</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207124148/https://books.google.com/books?id=ECJoAAAAMAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 14, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Germany+and+the+Approach+of+War+in+1914&rft.pages=221&rft.pub=Macmillan&rft.date=1973&rft.isbn=978-0-333-10696-9&rft.aulast=Berghahn&rft.aufirst=Volker+Rolf&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DECJoAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-72">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_72-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_72-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSaelee" class="citation web cs1">Saelee, Mike. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://guides.loc.gov/chronicling-america-wwi-declarations">"Research Guides: World War I Declarations: Topics in Chronicling America: Introduction"</a>. guides.loc.gov. Retrieved April 7, 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=guides.loc.gov&rft.atitle=Research+Guides%3A+World+War+I+Declarations%3A+Topics+in+Chronicling+America%3A+Introduction&rft.aulast=Saelee&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fguides.loc.gov%2Fchronicling-america-wwi-declarations&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.history.navy.mil/research/publications/documentary-histories/wwi/1914/ttl-president-woodro.html">"President Woodrow Wilson's Proclamation of Neutrality, 8/4/1914"</a>. public1.nhhcaws.local. Retrieved April 7, 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=public1.nhhcaws.local&rft.atitle=President+Woodrow+Wilson%E2%80%99s+Proclamation+of+Neutrality%2C+8%2F4%2F1914&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.history.navy.mil%2Fresearch%2Fpublications%2Fdocumentary-histories%2Fwwi%2F1914%2Fttl-president-woodro.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304030702/http://warchron.com/russianWarCommand.htm">"August 1914"</a>. WarChron. 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://warchron.com/russianWarCommand.htm">the original</a> on March 4, 2016. Retrieved July 16, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=WarChron&rft.atitle=August+1914&rft.date=2007&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwarchron.com%2FrussianWarCommand.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130411031604/http://users.netconnect.com.au/~ianmac/coastal.html">"The First Shot of World War I"</a>. Coastal Defences of Colonial Victoria. 1997. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://users.netconnect.com.au/~ianmac/coastal.html">the original</a> on April 11, 2013. Retrieved October 21, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Coastal+Defences+of+Colonial+Victoria&rft.atitle=The+First+Shot+of+World+War+I&rft.date=1997&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fusers.netconnect.com.au%2F~ianmac%2Fcoastal.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://transportationhistory.org/2024/08/05/1914-an-enlightening-milestone-for-traffic-safety/">"1914: An Enlightening Milestone for Traffic Safety"</a>. Transportation History. August 5, 2024. Retrieved April 7, 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Transportation+History&rft.atitle=1914%3A+An+Enlightening+Milestone+for+Traffic+Safety&rft.date=2024-08-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftransportationhistory.org%2F2024%2F08%2F05%2F1914-an-enlightening-milestone-for-traffic-safety%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dirkdeklein.net/2024/08/05/the-first-battle-of-world-war-1/">"The First Battle of World War I"</a>. History of Sorts. August 5, 2024. Retrieved April 7, 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=History+of+Sorts&rft.atitle=The+First+Battle+of+World+War+I&rft.date=2024-08-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdirkdeklein.net%2F2024%2F08%2F05%2Fthe-first-battle-of-world-war-1%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHenry1996" class="citation book cs1">Henry, Marilène Patten (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Ed1mAAAAMAAJ">Monumental Accusations: The Monuments Aux Morts as Expressions of Popular Resentment</a>. <a href="/wiki/Peter_Lang_(publisher)" title="Peter Lang (publisher)">P. Lang</a>. p. 47. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8204-2807-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8204-2807-9"><bdi>978-0-8204-2807-9</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207124735/https://books.google.com/books?id=Ed1mAAAAMAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 19, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Monumental+Accusations%3A+The+Monuments+Aux+Morts+as+Expressions+of+Popular+Resentment&rft.pages=47&rft.pub=P.+Lang&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-8204-2807-9&rft.aulast=Henry&rft.aufirst=Maril%C3%A8ne+Patten&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEd1mAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Times_1940-79">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Times_1940_79-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Times_1940_79-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1">"The Gold Coast Mobilized, A Proud Record: The case of Sergeant Grunshi". <a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a>. No. 48572. London. March 25, 1940. p. 7.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=The+Gold+Coast+Mobilized%2C+A+Proud+Record%3A+The+case+of+Sergeant+Grunshi&rft.issue=48572&rft.pages=7&rft.date=1940-03-25&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFThompson2007" class="citation book cs1">Thompson, J. Lee (2007). Forgotten Patriot: A Life of Alfred, Viscount Milner of St. James's and Cape Town, 1854-1925. <a href="/wiki/Madison,_New_Jersey" title="Madison, New Jersey">Madison, NJ</a>: <a href="/wiki/Fairleigh_Dickinson_University_Press" title="Fairleigh Dickinson University Press">Fairleigh Dickinson University Press</a>. p. 311. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8386-4121-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8386-4121-7"><bdi>978-0-8386-4121-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Forgotten+Patriot%3A+A+Life+of+Alfred%2C+Viscount+Milner+of+St.+James%27s+and+Cape+Town%2C+1854-1925&rft.place=Madison%2C+NJ&rft.pages=311&rft.pub=Fairleigh+Dickinson+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-8386-4121-7&rft.aulast=Thompson&rft.aufirst=J.+Lee&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fmht.co.uk/education/history-of-shackletons-endurance/">"Learn about the history of Shackleton's Endurance - FMHT"</a>. Falklands Maritime Heritage Trust. Retrieved April 7, 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Falklands+Maritime+Heritage+Trust&rft.atitle=Learn+about+the+history+of+Shackleton%27s+Endurance+-+FMHT&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffmht.co.uk%2Feducation%2Fhistory-of-shackletons-endurance%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pocket_On_This_Day-82"><a href="#cite_ref-Pocket_On_This_Day_82-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1">Penguin Pocket On This Day. Penguin Reference Library. 2006. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-14-102715-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-14-102715-0"><bdi>0-14-102715-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Penguin+Pocket+On+This+Day&rft.pub=Penguin+Reference+Library&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-14-102715-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFUnited_States_Department_of_State1974" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_State" title="United States Department of State">United States Department of State</a> (1974). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=orY6AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA33">Declarations of War: Severances of Diplomatic Relations 1914-1918</a>. Scholarly Resources. p. 33. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8420-1798-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8420-1798-5"><bdi>978-0-8420-1798-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Declarations+of+War%3A+Severances+of+Diplomatic+Relations+1914-1918&rft.pages=33&rft.pub=Scholarly+Resources&rft.date=1974&rft.isbn=978-0-8420-1798-5&rft.au=United+States+Department+of+State&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DorY6AQAAMAAJ%26pg%3DPA33&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFClaims_Commission_United_States_and_Mexico1929" class="citation book cs1">Claims Commission United States and Mexico (1929). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TxdJAQAAIAAJ&pg=RA2-PA143">Opinions of Commissioners Under the Convention Concluded September 8, 1923, Between the U.S. and Mexico</a>. p. 143.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Opinions+of+Commissioners+Under+the+Convention+Concluded+September+8%2C+1923%2C+Between+the+U.S.+and+Mexico&rft.pages=143&rft.date=1929&rft.au=Claims+Commission+United+States+and+Mexico&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DTxdJAQAAIAAJ%26pg%3DRA2-PA143&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ShH04Dn2GN0C&pg=RA2-PA18">Army Information Digest</a>. U.S. Department of the Army. p. 18.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Army+Information+Digest&rft.pages=18&rft.pub=U.S.+Department+of+the+Army&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DShH04Dn2GN0C%26pg%3DRA2-PA18&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBányai1976" class="citation book cs1">Bányai, Richard A. (1976). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=AGqmAAAAIAAJ">Money and Finance in Mexico During the Constitutionalist Revolution, 1913-1917</a>. Tai Wan Enterprises Company. p. 28.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Money+and+Finance+in+Mexico+During+the+Constitutionalist+Revolution%2C+1913-1917&rft.pages=28&rft.pub=Tai+Wan+Enterprises+Company&rft.date=1976&rft.aulast=B%C3%A1nyai&rft.aufirst=Richard+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAGqmAAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nzhistory.govt.nz/media/photo/sms-goeben-ottoman-service">"SMS Goeben in Ottoman service"</a>. nzhistory.govt.nz. Retrieved April 7, 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nzhistory.govt.nz&rft.atitle=SMS+Goeben+in+Ottoman+service&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnzhistory.govt.nz%2Fmedia%2Fphoto%2Fsms-goeben-ottoman-service&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pages.uoregon.edu/kimball/WW1.BELGIUM.htm">"WW1 in Belgium"</a>. pages.uoregon.edu. Retrieved April 7, 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=pages.uoregon.edu&rft.atitle=WW1+in+Belgium&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpages.uoregon.edu%2Fkimball%2FWW1.BELGIUM.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gardnermuseum.org/experience/collection/33559">""Pope Pius X Died Early this Morning" | Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum"</a>. www.gardnermuseum.org. Retrieved April 7, 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.gardnermuseum.org&rft.atitle=%22Pope+Pius+X+Died+Early+this+Morning%22+%7C+Isabella+Stewart+Gardner+Museum&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gardnermuseum.org%2Fexperience%2Fcollection%2F33559&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1vWx3BO7cMQC&pg=PA57">Military Review</a>. 1934. p. 57. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207125333/https://books.google.com/books?id=1vWx3BO7cMQC&pg=PA57#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 16, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Military+Review&rft.pages=57&rft.date=1934&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1vWx3BO7cMQC%26pg%3DPA57&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMorrisIrwin1970" class="citation book cs1">Morris, Richard Brandon; Irwin, Graham W., eds. (1970). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_LFmAAAAMAAJ">Harper Encyclopedia of the Modern World: A Concise Reference History from 1760 to the Present</a>. <a href="/wiki/Harper_%26_Row" class="mw-redirect" title="Harper & Row">Harper & Row</a>. p. 397. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207125345/https://books.google.com/books?id=_LFmAAAAMAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 18, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Harper+Encyclopedia+of+the+Modern+World%3A+A+Concise+Reference+History+from+1760+to+the+Present&rft.pages=397&rft.pub=Harper+%26+Row&rft.date=1970&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_LFmAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qDAoAAAAMAAJ&pg=RA1-PA15">Military Review</a>. 1940. pp. 15–16. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207125338/https://books.google.com/books?id=qDAoAAAAMAAJ&pg=RA1-PA15#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 18, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Military+Review&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E15-%3C%2Fspan%3E16&rft.date=1940&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqDAoAAAAMAAJ%26pg%3DRA1-PA15&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPreston1972" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Preston_(naval_historian)" class="mw-redirect" title="Anthony Preston (naval historian)">Preston, Antony</a> (1972). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0ishAQAAIAAJ">Battleships of World War I: An Illustrated Encyclopedia of the Battleships of All Nations, 1914-1918</a>. Galahad Books. p. 93. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-88365-300-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-88365-300-5"><bdi>978-0-88365-300-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207125818/https://books.google.com/books?id=0ishAQAAIAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 26, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Battleships+of+World+War+I%3A+An+Illustrated+Encyclopedia+of+the+Battleships+of+All+Nations%2C+1914-1918&rft.pages=93&rft.pub=Galahad+Books&rft.date=1972&rft.isbn=978-0-88365-300-5&rft.aulast=Preston&rft.aufirst=Antony&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0ishAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ONPjAAAAMAAJ">The Library Chronicle of the University of Texas at Austin</a>. M.B. Lamar Library. 1978. p. 30. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207125817/https://books.google.com/books?id=ONPjAAAAMAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 22, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Library+Chronicle+of+the+University+of+Texas+at+Austin&rft.pages=30&rft.pub=M.B.+Lamar+Library&rft.date=1978&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DONPjAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LQRMAAAAMAAJ">Encyclopedia Americana</a>. Americana Corporation. 1965. p. 277. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207125858/https://books.google.com/books?id=LQRMAAAAMAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 21, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+Americana&rft.pages=277&rft.pub=Americana+Corporation&rft.date=1965&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLQRMAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFUnited_States_Military_Academy,_Department_of_Military_Art_and_Engineering1953" class="citation book cs1">United States Military Academy, Department of Military Art and Engineering (1953). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DiKlUzyHAVoC">Summaries of Selected Military Campaigns</a>. The Academy. p. 89. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207125902/https://books.google.com/books?id=DiKlUzyHAVoC">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 17, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Summaries+of+Selected+Military+Campaigns&rft.pages=89&rft.pub=The+Academy&rft.date=1953&rft.au=United+States+Military+Academy%2C+Department+of+Military+Art+and+Engineering&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDiKlUzyHAVoC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Q7TiAAAAMAAJ">Papua New Guinea: A Travel Survival Kit</a>. <a href="/wiki/Lonely_Planet_Publications" class="mw-redirect" title="Lonely Planet Publications">Lonely Planet Publications</a>. 1998. p. 299. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-86442-402-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-86442-402-0"><bdi>978-0-86442-402-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Papua+New+Guinea%3A+A+Travel+Survival+Kit&rft.pages=299&rft.pub=Lonely+Planet+Publications&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-86442-402-0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQ7TiAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHerwig2009" class="citation book cs1">Herwig, H. (2009). The Marne, 1914: The Opening of World War I and the Battle that Changed the World. New York: Random House. pp. 217–219. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4000-6671-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4000-6671-1"><bdi>978-1-4000-6671-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Marne%2C+1914%3A+The+Opening+of+World+War+I+and+the+Battle+that+Changed+the+World&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E217-%3C%2Fspan%3E219&rft.pub=Random+House&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-4000-6671-1&rft.aulast=Herwig&rft.aufirst=H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6D6McXAnzMkC&pg=PA137">Military Review</a>. 1933. p. 137. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207125907/https://books.google.com/books?id=6D6McXAnzMkC&pg=PA137#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 17, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Military+Review&rft.pages=137&rft.date=1933&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6D6McXAnzMkC%26pg%3DPA137&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHenderson1985" class="citation book cs1">Henderson, Paul (1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tAUlAQAAMAAJ">Parliament and Politics in Australia: Political Institutions and Foreign Relations</a>. Heinemann Educational Australia. p. 333. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85859-381-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-85859-381-7"><bdi>978-0-85859-381-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Parliament+and+Politics+in+Australia%3A+Political+Institutions+and+Foreign+Relations&rft.pages=333&rft.pub=Heinemann+Educational+Australia&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=978-0-85859-381-7&rft.aulast=Henderson&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtAUlAQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBennet2001" class="citation book cs1">Bennet, Geoffrey (2001). Naval Battles of the First World War. Penguin Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Naval+Battles+of+the+First+World+War&rft.pub=Penguin+Books&rft.date=2001&rft.aulast=Bennet&rft.aufirst=Geoffrey&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHerman1992" class="citation book cs1">Herman, Gerald (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KAMMAQAAMAAJ">The Pivotal Conflict: A Comprehensive Chronology of the First World War, 1914-1919</a>. <a href="/wiki/Greenwood_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Greenwood Press">Greenwood Press</a>. p. 45. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-22793-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-22793-6"><bdi>978-0-313-22793-6</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231125170853/https://books.google.com/books?id=KAMMAQAAMAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on November 25, 2023. Retrieved April 17, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Pivotal+Conflict%3A+A+Comprehensive+Chronology+of+the+First+World+War%2C+1914-1919&rft.pages=45&rft.pub=Greenwood+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0-313-22793-6&rft.aulast=Herman&rft.aufirst=Gerald&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKAMMAQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFUnited_States_Federal_Trade_Commission1930" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Federal_Trade_Commission" title="Federal Trade Commission">United States Federal Trade Commission</a> (1930). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4eJfAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA467">Statutes and Court Decisions, Federal Trade Commission</a>. United States Government Printing Office. p. 467.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Statutes+and+Court+Decisions%2C+Federal+Trade+Commission&rft.pages=467&rft.pub=United+States+Government+Printing+Office&rft.date=1930&rft.au=United+States+Federal+Trade+Commission&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4eJfAAAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPA467&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Engineering1953-104"><a href="#cite_ref-Engineering1953_104-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFUnited_States_Military_Academy,_Department_of_Military_Art_and_Engineering1953" class="citation book cs1">United States Military Academy, Department of Military Art and Engineering (1953). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DiKlUzyHAVoC">Summaries of Selected Military Campaigns</a>. The Academy. pp. 80–85. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207125902/https://books.google.com/books?id=DiKlUzyHAVoC">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 17, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Summaries+of+Selected+Military+Campaigns&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E80-%3C%2Fspan%3E85&rft.pub=The+Academy&rft.date=1953&rft.au=United+States+Military+Academy%2C+Department+of+Military+Art+and+Engineering&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDiKlUzyHAVoC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGordon2000" class="citation book cs1">Gordon, Dennis (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yLTvAAAAMAAJ">The Lafayette Flying Corps: The American Volunteers in the French Air Service in World War One</a>. <a href="/wiki/Schiffer_Publishing" title="Schiffer Publishing">Schiffer Publishing</a>. p. 436. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7643-1108-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7643-1108-6"><bdi>978-0-7643-1108-6</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207140305/https://books.google.com/books?id=yLTvAAAAMAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 26, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Lafayette+Flying+Corps%3A+The+American+Volunteers+in+the+French+Air+Service+in+World+War+One&rft.pages=436&rft.pub=Schiffer+Publishing&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-7643-1108-6&rft.aulast=Gordon&rft.aufirst=Dennis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyLTvAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uTotAQAAIAAJ">New Perspectives on Turkey</a>. Simon's Rock of Bard College. 1999. p. 28.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=New+Perspectives+on+Turkey&rft.pages=28&rft.pub=Simon%27s+Rock+of+Bard+College&rft.date=1999&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DuTotAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKerryMcDill1962" class="citation book cs1">Kerry, Armine John; McDill, W. A. (1962). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=X33fAAAAMAAJ">The History of the Corps of Royal Canadian Engineers</a>. Vol. 1. Military Engineers Association of Canada. p. 78. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9682063-0-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9682063-0-0"><bdi>978-0-9682063-0-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207130357/https://books.google.com/books?id=X33fAAAAMAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 17, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History+of+the+Corps+of+Royal+Canadian+Engineers&rft.pages=78&rft.pub=Military+Engineers+Association+of+Canada&rft.date=1962&rft.isbn=978-0-9682063-0-0&rft.aulast=Kerry&rft.aufirst=Armine+John&rft.au=McDill%2C+W.+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DX33fAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBelgium._Ministère_de_la_justice1918" class="citation book cs1">Belgium. Ministère de la justice (1918). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=G_jSAAAAMAAJ">Reply to the German White Book of the 10th May, 1915, "Die Völkerrechtswidrige Führung Des Belgischen Volkskriegs."</a>. H. M. Stationery Office - Sir J. Causton & sons, Limited, printers. p. 77. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207130359/https://books.google.com/books?id=G_jSAAAAMAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 17, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Reply+to+the+German+White+Book+of+the+10th+May%2C+1915%2C+%22Die+V%C3%B6lkerrechtswidrige+F%C3%BChrung+Des+Belgischen+Volkskriegs.%22&rft.pages=77&rft.pub=H.+M.+Stationery+Office+-+Sir+J.+Causton+%26+sons%2C+Limited%2C+printers&rft.date=1918&rft.au=Belgium.+Minist%C3%A8re+de+la+justice&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DG_jSAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-a_to_z-109">^ <a href="#cite_ref-a_to_z_109-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-a_to_z_109-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSomel2010" class="citation book cs1">Somel, Selcuk Aksin (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tBoyoNNKh78C&pg=PA324">The A to Z of the Ottoman Empire</a>. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 324. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-7579-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-7579-1"><bdi>978-0-8108-7579-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+A+to+Z+of+the+Ottoman+Empire&rft.pages=324&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-8108-7579-1&rft.aulast=Somel&rft.aufirst=Selcuk+Aksin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtBoyoNNKh78C%26pg%3DPA324&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAnderson2002" class="citation book cs1">Anderson, Ross (2002). "8". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0bMhAQAAIAAJ">The Battle of Tanga 1914</a>. Tempus. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7524-2349-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7524-2349-4"><bdi>978-0-7524-2349-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207140258/https://books.google.com/books?id=0bMhAQAAIAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 17, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=8&rft.btitle=The+Battle+of+Tanga+1914&rft.pub=Tempus&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-7524-2349-4&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=Ross&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0bMhAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLüdke2018" class="citation web cs1">Lüdke, Tilman (December 17, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://encyclopedia.1914-1918-online.net/article/jihad_holy_war_ottoman_empire">"Jihad, Holy War (Ottoman Empire)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Encyclopedia_of_the_First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="International Encyclopedia of the First World War">International Encyclopedia of the First World War</a> (WW1). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231003135438/https://encyclopedia.1914-1918-online.net/article/jihad_holy_war_ottoman_empire">Archived</a> from the original on October 3, 2023. Retrieved June 19, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=International+Encyclopedia+of+the+First+World+War+%28WW1%29&rft.atitle=Jihad%2C+Holy+War+%28Ottoman+Empire%29&rft.date=2018-12-17&rft.aulast=L%C3%BCdke&rft.aufirst=Tilman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fencyclopedia.1914-1918-online.net%2Farticle%2Fjihad_holy_war_ottoman_empire&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brasillach2002-112"><a href="#cite_ref-Brasillach2002_112-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBrasillach2002" class="citation book cs1">Brasillach, Robert (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pUwpAQAAMAAJ">A Translation of Notre Avant-guerre/Before the War by Robert Brasillach</a>. Mellen Press. p. 172. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7734-7158-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7734-7158-0"><bdi>978-0-7734-7158-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207140258/https://books.google.com/books?id=pUwpAQAAMAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 19, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Translation+of+Notre+Avant-guerre%2FBefore+the+War+by+Robert+Brasillach&rft.pages=172&rft.pub=Mellen+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-7734-7158-0&rft.aulast=Brasillach&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DpUwpAQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://digikoivikko.vaarakirjastot.fi/items/show/452">Digikoivikko: Joensuun uuden kaupungintalon vihkijuhlat – Vaarakirjastot</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210709181739/http://digikoivikko.vaarakirjastot.fi/items/show/452">Archived</a> July 9, 2021, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (in Finnish) </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMichelin_Travel_Publications2000" class="citation book cs1">Michelin Travel Publications (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3Z8XAQAAMAAJ">Yale University and New Haven</a>. Michelin Travel Publications/Michelin North America. p. 51. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-06-155201-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-06-155201-8"><bdi>978-2-06-155201-8</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207130402/https://books.google.com/books?id=3Z8XAQAAMAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 19, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Yale+University+and+New+Haven&rft.pages=51&rft.pub=Michelin+Travel+Publications%2FMichelin+North+America&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-2-06-155201-8&rft.au=Michelin+Travel+Publications&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3Z8XAQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSilbey1994" class="citation book cs1">Silbey, Joel H. (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=onEYAAAAIAAJ">Encyclopedia of the American Legislative System: Legislatures and public policy</a>. C. Scribner's Sons. p. 1428. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-684-19600-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-684-19600-8"><bdi>978-0-684-19600-8</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207130345/https://books.google.com/books?id=onEYAAAAIAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 29, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+the+American+Legislative+System%3A+Legislatures+and+public+policy&rft.pages=1428&rft.pub=C.+Scribner%27s+Sons&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-684-19600-8&rft.aulast=Silbey&rft.aufirst=Joel+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DonEYAAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCollier1971" class="citation book cs1">Collier, Richard (1971). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=t9CAAAAAIAAJ">Duce!: A Biography of Benito Mussolini</a>. Viking Press. p. 47. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-670-28603-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-670-28603-4"><bdi>978-0-670-28603-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207130403/https://books.google.com/books?id=t9CAAAAAIAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 19, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Duce%21%3A+A+Biography+of+Benito+Mussolini&rft.pages=47&rft.pub=Viking+Press&rft.date=1971&rft.isbn=978-0-670-28603-4&rft.aulast=Collier&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dt9CAAAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAlexander1998" class="citation book cs1">Alexander, C. (1998). The Endurance: Shackleton's Legendary Antarctic Expedition. New York: <a href="/wiki/Knopf" class="mw-redirect" title="Knopf">Knopf</a>. pp. 12 15. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-375-40403-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-375-40403-0"><bdi>978-0-375-40403-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Endurance%3A+Shackleton%27s+Legendary+Antarctic+Expedition&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=12+15&rft.pub=Knopf&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-375-40403-0&rft.aulast=Alexander&rft.aufirst=C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071015203757/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,880574,00.html">"Egypt: a constitution"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a>. April 28, 1923. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,880574,00.html">the original</a> on October 15, 2007. Retrieved August 24, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=Egypt%3A+a+constitution&rft.date=1923-04-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fmagazine%2Farticle%2F0%2C9171%2C880574%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sugMAQAAMAAJ">The Journal of Military History</a>. Virginia Military Institute and the George C. Marshall Foundation. 1997. p. 481.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Journal+of+Military+History&rft.pages=481&rft.pub=Virginia+Military+Institute+and+the+George+C.+Marshall+Foundation&rft.date=1997&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DsugMAQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLayman1996" class="citation book cs1">Layman, R. D. (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mwRnAAAAMAAJ">Naval Aviation in the First World War: Its Impact and Influence</a>. Chatham. p. 83. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-86176-007-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-86176-007-4"><bdi>978-1-86176-007-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Naval+Aviation+in+the+First+World+War%3A+Its+Impact+and+Influence&rft.pages=83&rft.pub=Chatham&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-1-86176-007-4&rft.aulast=Layman&rft.aufirst=R.+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmwRnAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFChan1999" class="citation book cs1">Chan, Charis (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=eYpScWalpZwC">China</a>. Odyssey. p. 157. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-962-217-604-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-962-217-604-1"><bdi>978-962-217-604-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=China&rft.pages=157&rft.pub=Odyssey&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-962-217-604-1&rft.aulast=Chan&rft.aufirst=Charis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DeYpScWalpZwC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-MillerCucchiara1994-122"><a href="#cite_ref-MillerCucchiara1994_122-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMillerCucchiara1994" class="citation book cs1">Miller, Ronald D.; Cucchiara, Roy F. (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wCM_ODQc4bsC">Anesthesia</a>. Churchill Livingstone. p. 346. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-443-08906-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-443-08906-0"><bdi>978-0-443-08906-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Anesthesia&rft.pages=346&rft.pub=Churchill+Livingstone&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-443-08906-0&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Ronald+D.&rft.au=Cucchiara%2C+Roy+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwCM_ODQc4bsC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-dutch-123"><a href="#cite_ref-dutch_123-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFStikkers2014" class="citation book cs1">Stikkers, Andre (2014). Glycine Airman Book - Play it again Sam! Airman History and Overview (3rd ed.). The Netherlands: Adr. Heinen. pp. 15, 66. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-8680-157-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-8680-157-2"><bdi>978-90-8680-157-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Glycine+Airman+Book+-+Play+it+again+Sam%21+Airman+History+and+Overview&rft.place=The+Netherlands&rft.pages=15%2C+66&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Adr.+Heinen&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-90-8680-157-2&rft.aulast=Stikkers&rft.aufirst=Andre&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-SchmittrothRosteck1998-124"><a href="#cite_ref-SchmittrothRosteck1998_124-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSchmittrothRosteck1998" class="citation book cs1">Schmittroth, Linda; Rosteck, Mary Kay (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LZQnAQAAMAAJ">People of the Holocaust</a>. UXL. p. 259. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7876-1745-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7876-1745-5"><bdi>978-0-7876-1745-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=People+of+the+Holocaust&rft.pages=259&rft.pub=UXL&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-7876-1745-5&rft.aulast=Schmittroth&rft.aufirst=Linda&rft.au=Rosteck%2C+Mary+Kay&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLZQnAQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CJ-125"><a href="#cite_ref-CJ_125-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJeffrey2019" class="citation news cs1">Jeffrey, Connie (January 2, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scc.adventist.org/stories/teacher-traveler-social-worker-friend-anita-johnson-mackey-turns-105">"Teacher, Traveler, Social Worker, Friend: Anita Johnson Mackey Turns 105"</a>. <a href="/wiki/North_American_Division_of_Seventh-day_Adventists" title="North American Division of Seventh-day Adventists">Southern California Conference of Seventh-day Adventists</a>. Retrieved November 8, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Southern+California+Conference+of+Seventh-day+Adventists&rft.atitle=Teacher%2C+Traveler%2C+Social+Worker%2C+Friend%3A+Anita+Johnson+Mackey+Turns+105&rft.date=2019-01-02&rft.aulast=Jeffrey&rft.aufirst=Connie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscc.adventist.org%2Fstories%2Fteacher-traveler-social-worker-friend-anita-johnson-mackey-turns-105&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKritzmanReillyDeBevoise2006" class="citation book cs1">Kritzman, Lawrence D.; Reilly, Brian J.; DeBevoise, M. B. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bREQibN9i-sC&pg=PA673">The Columbia History of Twentieth-century French Thought</a>. Columbia University Press. p. 673. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-231-10790-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-231-10790-7"><bdi>978-0-231-10790-7</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207131020/https://books.google.com/books?id=bREQibN9i-sC&pg=PA673#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 17, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Columbia+History+of+Twentieth-century+French+Thought&rft.pages=673&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-231-10790-7&rft.aulast=Kritzman&rft.aufirst=Lawrence+D.&rft.au=Reilly%2C+Brian+J.&rft.au=DeBevoise%2C+M.+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbREQibN9i-sC%26pg%3DPA673&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6dKpDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA73">Chase's Calendar of Events 2020: The Ultimate Go-to Guide for Special Days, Weeks and Months</a>. Rowman & Littlefield. September 24, 2019. p. 73. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-64143-316-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-64143-316-7"><bdi>978-1-64143-316-7</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207130952/https://books.google.com/books?id=6dKpDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA73#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 29, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chase%27s+Calendar+of+Events+2020%3A+The+Ultimate+Go-to+Guide+for+Special+Days%2C+Weeks+and+Months&rft.pages=73&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2019-09-24&rft.isbn=978-1-64143-316-7&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6dKpDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA73&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHennessey1994" class="citation book cs1">Hennessey, Mike (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Ak85AQAAIAAJ">Klook: The Story of Kenny Clarke</a>. University of Pittsburgh Press. p. 6. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8229-5809-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8229-5809-3"><bdi>978-0-8229-5809-3</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207131002/https://books.google.com/books?id=Ak85AQAAIAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 29, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Klook%3A+The+Story+of+Kenny+Clarke&rft.pages=6&rft.pub=University+of+Pittsburgh+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-8229-5809-3&rft.aulast=Hennessey&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAk85AQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uX4hAQAAIAAJ">Current World Leaders</a>. International Academy. 1980. p. 236. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207131219/https://books.google.com/books?id=uX4hAQAAIAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 30, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Current+World+Leaders&rft.pages=236&rft.pub=International+Academy&rft.date=1980&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DuX4hAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFUnited_States._Congress._House_Appropriations1967" class="citation book cs1">United States. Congress. House Appropriations (1967). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rx9lj9S2c0UC&pg=PA468">Departments of Labor and Health, Education, and Welfare Appropriations for 1968: Hearings ... 90th Congress, 1st Session</a>. p. 468. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207131033/https://books.google.com/books?id=rx9lj9S2c0UC&pg=PA468#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 19, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Departments+of+Labor+and+Health%2C+Education%2C+and+Welfare+Appropriations+for+1968%3A+Hearings+...+90th+Congress%2C+1st+Session&rft.pages=468&rft.date=1967&rft.au=United+States.+Congress.+House+Appropriations&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Drx9lj9S2c0UC%26pg%3DPA468&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yaGIAAAAMAAJ">Dod's Parliamentary Companion</a>. Dod's Parliamentary Companion, Limited. 2002. p. 520. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-905702-36-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-905702-36-0"><bdi>978-0-905702-36-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207131034/https://books.google.com/books?id=yaGIAAAAMAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 16, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dod%27s+Parliamentary+Companion&rft.pages=520&rft.pub=Dod%27s+Parliamentary+Companion%2C+Limited&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-905702-36-0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyaGIAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLittler1991" class="citation book cs1">Littler, Margaret (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=csxbAAAAMAAJ">Alfred Andersch (1914-1980) and the Reception of French Thought in the Federal Republic of Germany</a>. Edwin Mellen Press. p. 346. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7734-9679-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7734-9679-8"><bdi>978-0-7734-9679-8</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207131001/https://books.google.com/books?id=csxbAAAAMAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 13, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Alfred+Andersch+%281914-1980%29+and+the+Reception+of+French+Thought+in+the+Federal+Republic+of+Germany&rft.pages=346&rft.pub=Edwin+Mellen+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-0-7734-9679-8&rft.aulast=Littler&rft.aufirst=Margaret&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcsxbAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHawkinsWermer-Colan2019" class="citation book cs1">Hawkins, Joan; Wermer-Colan, Alex (May 17, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8-SWDwAAQBAJ&pg=PR11">William S. Burroughs Cutting Up the Century</a>. Indiana University Press. p. 11. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-253-04136-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-253-04136-4"><bdi>978-0-253-04136-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207131221/https://books.google.com/books?id=8-SWDwAAQBAJ&pg=PR11#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 13, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=William+S.+Burroughs+Cutting+Up+the+Century&rft.pages=11&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&rft.date=2019-05-17&rft.isbn=978-0-253-04136-4&rft.aulast=Hawkins&rft.aufirst=Joan&rft.au=Wermer-Colan%2C+Alex&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8-SWDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPR11&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSchlager2000" class="citation book cs1">Schlager, Neil (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1o5FAAAAYAAJ">Science and Its Times: 1950-present</a>. Gale Group. p. 153. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7876-3939-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7876-3939-6"><bdi>978-0-7876-3939-6</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207131501/https://books.google.com/books?id=1o5FAAAAYAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 16, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Science+and+Its+Times%3A+1950-present&rft.pages=153&rft.pub=Gale+Group&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-7876-3939-6&rft.aulast=Schlager&rft.aufirst=Neil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1o5FAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKernfeld2002" class="citation book cs1">Kernfeld, Barry, ed. (2002). "Adler, Larry". The new Grove dictionary of jazz. Vol. 1 (2nd ed.). New York: Grove's Dictionaries Inc. p. 16. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-56159-284-6" title="Special:BookSources/1-56159-284-6"><bdi>1-56159-284-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Adler%2C+Larry&rft.btitle=The+new+Grove+dictionary+of+jazz&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=16&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Grove%27s+Dictionaries+Inc.&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=1-56159-284-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMcLellan1914" class="citation news cs1">McLellan, Dennis (February 15, 1914). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.latimes.com/news/obituaries/la-me-kevin-mccarthy-20100913,0,7898882.story?track=rss">"Kevin McCarthy obituary: 'Body Snatchers' actor McCarthy dies"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111029100343/http://www.latimes.com/news/obituaries/la-me-kevin-mccarthy-20100913,0,7898882.story?track=rss">Archived</a> from the original on October 29, 2011. Retrieved September 12, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Kevin+McCarthy+obituary%3A+%27Body+Snatchers%27+actor+McCarthy+dies&rft.date=1914-02-15&rft.aulast=McLellan&rft.aufirst=Dennis&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Fnews%2Fobituaries%2Fla-me-kevin-mccarthy-20100913%2C0%2C7898882.story%3Ftrack%3Drss&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://m.imdb.com/name/nm0958575/">"Mahmoud Zulfikar | Director, Actor, Writer"</a>. IMDb. Retrieved November 29, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IMDb&rft.atitle=Mahmoud+Zulfikar+%7C+Director%2C+Actor%2C+Writer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fm.imdb.com%2Fname%2Fnm0958575%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBurgessBurgess1989" class="citation book cs1">Burgess, Patricia; Burgess, Trish (August 1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oZPZBuqy_SYC">Annual Obituary, 1986</a>. Saint James Press. p. 287. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55862-013-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55862-013-1"><bdi>978-1-55862-013-1</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207131529/https://books.google.com/books?id=oZPZBuqy_SYC">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 13, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Annual+Obituary%2C+1986&rft.pages=287&rft.pub=Saint+James+Press&rft.date=1989-08&rft.isbn=978-1-55862-013-1&rft.aulast=Burgess&rft.aufirst=Patricia&rft.au=Burgess%2C+Trish&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DoZPZBuqy_SYC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAtkinsAndersen1977" class="citation book cs1">Atkins, Guy; Andersen, Troels (1977). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=axLrAAAAMAAJ">Asger Jorn, the Crucial Years, 1954-1964</a>. Lund Humphries. p. 13. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85331-398-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-85331-398-4"><bdi>978-0-85331-398-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207131545/https://books.google.com/books?id=axLrAAAAMAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 17, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Asger+Jorn%2C+the+Crucial+Years%2C+1954-1964&rft.pages=13&rft.pub=Lund+Humphries&rft.date=1977&rft.isbn=978-0-85331-398-4&rft.aulast=Atkins&rft.aufirst=Guy&rft.au=Andersen%2C+Troels&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DaxLrAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJaffé2012" class="citation book cs1">Jaffé, Daniel (March 8, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=65ZrAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA183">Historical Dictionary of Russian Music</a>. Scarecrow Press. p. 183. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-7980-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-7980-5"><bdi>978-0-8108-7980-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207131554/https://books.google.com/books?id=65ZrAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA183#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 14, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+Russian+Music&rft.pages=183&rft.pub=Scarecrow+Press&rft.date=2012-03-08&rft.isbn=978-0-8108-7980-5&rft.aulast=Jaff%C3%A9&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D65ZrAwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA183&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141002090423/http://artsweb.bham.ac.uk/aanderson/Publications/frederick_modise_and_the_interna.htm">"FREDERICK MODISE AND THE INTERNATIONAL PENTECOST CHURCH"</a>. October 2, 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://artsweb.bham.ac.uk/aanderson/Publications/frederick_modise_and_the_interna.htm">the original</a> on October 2, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=FREDERICK+MODISE+AND+THE+INTERNATIONAL+PENTECOST+CHURCH&rft.date=2014-10-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fartsweb.bham.ac.uk%2Faanderson%2FPublications%2Ffrederick_modise_and_the_interna.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VScaAAAAYAAJ">Current Biography Yearbook</a>. H. W. Wilson Company. 1969. p. 292. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207131507/https://books.google.com/books?id=VScaAAAAYAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 18, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Current+Biography+Yearbook&rft.pages=292&rft.pub=H.+W.+Wilson+Company&rft.date=1969&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVScaAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBritannica_Educational_Publishing2009" class="citation book cs1">Britannica Educational Publishing (October 1, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yb2cAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA292">The 100 Most Influential Women of All Time</a>. Britannica Educational Publishing. p. 292. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-61530-058-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-61530-058-7"><bdi>978-1-61530-058-7</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207131539/https://books.google.com/books?id=yb2cAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA292#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 18, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+100+Most+Influential+Women+of+All+Time&rft.pages=292&rft.pub=Britannica+Educational+Publishing&rft.date=2009-10-01&rft.isbn=978-1-61530-058-7&rft.au=Britannica+Educational+Publishing&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dyb2cAAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA292&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><a href="#cite_ref-144">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=X2w9AQAAIAAJ">The Strad</a>. Orpheus. 1991. p. 201. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207131509/https://books.google.com/books?id=X2w9AQAAIAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 14, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Strad&rft.pages=201&rft.pub=Orpheus&rft.date=1991&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DX2w9AQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSaariAllisonEllavich1996" class="citation book cs1">Saari, Peggy; Allison, Stephen; Ellavich, Marie C. (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wtkHAQAAMAAJ">Scientists: A-F</a>. U-X-L. p. 105. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7876-0960-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7876-0960-3"><bdi>978-0-7876-0960-3</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207131514/https://books.google.com/books?id=wtkHAQAAMAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 15, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Scientists%3A+A-F&rft.pages=105&rft.pub=U-X-L&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-7876-0960-3&rft.aulast=Saari&rft.aufirst=Peggy&rft.au=Allison%2C+Stephen&rft.au=Ellavich%2C+Marie+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwtkHAQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-146"><a href="#cite_ref-146">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFUnited_States_Congress._Senate._Select_Committee_on_Presidential_Campaign_Activities1973" class="citation book cs1">United States Congress. Senate. Select Committee on Presidential Campaign Activities (1973). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ocxFAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA4865">Presidential Campaign Activities of 1972, Senate Resolution 60: Watergate and Related Activities: Hearings, Ninety-third Congress</a>. U.S. Government Printing Office. pp. 4865–. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207131953/https://books.google.com/books?id=ocxFAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA4865#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 15, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Presidential+Campaign+Activities+of+1972%2C+Senate+Resolution+60%3A+Watergate+and+Related+Activities%3A+Hearings%2C+Ninety-third+Congress&rft.pages=4865-&rft.pub=U.S.+Government+Printing+Office&rft.date=1973&rft.au=United+States+Congress.+Senate.+Select+Committee+on+Presidential+Campaign+Activities&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DocxFAQAAMAAJ%26pg%3DPA4865&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-147"><a href="#cite_ref-147">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTownsendGreensmith1999" class="citation book cs1">Townsend, Henry; Greensmith, Bill (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HaeDzHuXhooC&pg=RA2-PA123">A Blues Life</a>. University of Illinois Press. p. 2. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-252-02526-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-252-02526-6"><bdi>978-0-252-02526-6</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207132019/https://books.google.com/books?id=HaeDzHuXhooC&pg=RA2-PA123#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 14, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Blues+Life&rft.pages=2&rft.pub=University+of+Illinois+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-252-02526-6&rft.aulast=Townsend&rft.aufirst=Henry&rft.au=Greensmith%2C+Bill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHaeDzHuXhooC%26pg%3DRA2-PA123&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-148"><a href="#cite_ref-148">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFQuirogaHardin1999" class="citation book cs1">Quiroga, Jose; Hardin, James (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kJOqj6Sm2p8C&pg=PA2">Understanding Octavio Paz</a>. Univ of South Carolina Press. p. 2. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57003-263-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57003-263-9"><bdi>978-1-57003-263-9</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207132108/https://books.google.com/books?id=kJOqj6Sm2p8C&pg=PA2#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 13, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Understanding+Octavio+Paz&rft.pages=2&rft.pub=Univ+of+South+Carolina+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-1-57003-263-9&rft.aulast=Quiroga&rft.aufirst=Jose&rft.au=Hardin%2C+James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DkJOqj6Sm2p8C%26pg%3DPA2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Read2005-149"><a href="#cite_ref-Read2005_149-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRead2005" class="citation book cs1">Read, Piers Paul (June 21, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hyp2RoHMam0C&pg=PA16">Alec Guinness: The Authorised Biography</a>. Simon and Schuster. p. 16. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7432-4498-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7432-4498-5"><bdi>978-0-7432-4498-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207132000/https://books.google.com/books?id=hyp2RoHMam0C&pg=PA16#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 17, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Alec+Guinness%3A+The+Authorised+Biography&rft.pages=16&rft.pub=Simon+and+Schuster&rft.date=2005-06-21&rft.isbn=978-0-7432-4498-5&rft.aulast=Read&rft.aufirst=Piers+Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dhyp2RoHMam0C%26pg%3DPA16&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-150"><a href="#cite_ref-150">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Eux31FCNj8MC&pg=PA21">Field Marshal KM Kariappa Memorial Lectures, 1995-2000</a>. Lancer Publishers. 2001. p. 21. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7062-119-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7062-119-5"><bdi>978-81-7062-119-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207132001/https://books.google.com/books?id=Eux31FCNj8MC&pg=PA21#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 22, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Field+Marshal+KM+Kariappa+Memorial+Lectures%2C+1995-2000&rft.pages=21&rft.pub=Lancer+Publishers&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-81-7062-119-5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEux31FCNj8MC%26pg%3DPA21&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-151"><a href="#cite_ref-151">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMucinaPodaniFeoli2018" class="citation journal cs1">Mucina, Ladislav; Podani, Janos; Feoli, Enrico (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1556%2F168.2018.19.1.10">"David W. Goodall (1914-2018): An ecologist of the century"</a>. Community Ecology. 19 (1): 93–101. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018ComEc..19...93M">2018ComEc..19...93M</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1556%2F168.2018.19.1.10">10.1556/168.2018.19.1.10</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10831%2F67075">10831/67075</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Community+Ecology&rft.atitle=David+W.+Goodall+%281914-2018%29%3A+An+ecologist+of+the+century&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E93-%3C%2Fspan%3E101&rft.date=2018&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10831%2F67075&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1556%2F168.2018.19.1.10&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2018ComEc..19...93M&rft.aulast=Mucina&rft.aufirst=Ladislav&rft.au=Podani%2C+Janos&rft.au=Feoli%2C+Enrico&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1556%252F168.2018.19.1.10&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-152"><a href="#cite_ref-152">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGunther2002" class="citation book cs1">Gunther, Renate (July 5, 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_MZhsT4W7KcC&pg=PA2">Marguerite Duras</a>. Manchester University Press. p. 2. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7190-5757-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7190-5757-1"><bdi>978-0-7190-5757-1</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207132001/https://books.google.com/books?id=_MZhsT4W7KcC&pg=PA2#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 13, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Marguerite+Duras&rft.pages=2&rft.pub=Manchester+University+Press&rft.date=2002-07-05&rft.isbn=978-0-7190-5757-1&rft.aulast=Gunther&rft.aufirst=Renate&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_MZhsT4W7KcC%26pg%3DPA2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-153"><a href="#cite_ref-153">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMejia2019" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Mejia, Carolina (April 8, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://de10.com.mx/top-10/maria-felix-10-datos-intimos-de-la-diva-del-cine-mexicano">"Maria Feliz: 10 datos intimos de la diva del cine mexicano"</a> [Maria Feliz: 10 intimate facts about the diva of Mexican Cinema] (in Spanish). El Universal de10.mx. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190601144721/https://de10.com.mx/top-10/maria-felix-10-datos-intimos-de-la-diva-del-cine-mexicano">Archived</a> from the original on June 1, 2019. Retrieved June 2, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Maria+Feliz%3A+10+datos+intimos+de+la+diva+del+cine+mexicano&rft.pub=El+Universal+de10.mx&rft.date=2019-04-08&rft.aulast=Mejia&rft.aufirst=Carolina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fde10.com.mx%2Ftop-10%2Fmaria-felix-10-datos-intimos-de-la-diva-del-cine-mexicano&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-154"><a href="#cite_ref-154">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHorn1999" class="citation book cs1">Horn, Maurice (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=O7kzAQAAIAAJ">The World Encyclopedia of Cartoons</a>. Chelsea House. p. 461. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7910-5187-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7910-5187-0"><bdi>978-0-7910-5187-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+World+Encyclopedia+of+Cartoons&rft.pages=461&rft.pub=Chelsea+House&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-7910-5187-0&rft.aulast=Horn&rft.aufirst=Maurice&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DO7kzAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BlockRothe2004-155"><a href="#cite_ref-BlockRothe2004_155-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBlockRotheCandee2004" class="citation book cs1">Block, Maxine; Rothe, Anna Herthe; Candee, Marjorie Dent (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5osYAAAAIAAJ">Current Biography Yearbook</a>. H.W. Wilson. p. 673.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Current+Biography+Yearbook&rft.pages=673&rft.pub=H.W.+Wilson&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Block&rft.aufirst=Maxine&rft.au=Rothe%2C+Anna+Herthe&rft.au=Candee%2C+Marjorie+Dent&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5osYAAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-156"><a href="#cite_ref-156">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTrosky1989" class="citation book cs1">Trosky, Susan M. (August 1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=osRkDmhT8EMC">Contemporary Authors</a>. Gale Research International, Limited. p. 8. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8103-1952-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8103-1952-3"><bdi>978-0-8103-1952-3</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207131952/https://books.google.com/books?id=osRkDmhT8EMC">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 22, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Contemporary+Authors&rft.pages=8&rft.pub=Gale+Research+International%2C+Limited&rft.date=1989-08&rft.isbn=978-0-8103-1952-3&rft.aulast=Trosky&rft.aufirst=Susan+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DosRkDmhT8EMC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-157"><a href="#cite_ref-157">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110515002945/http://www.rug.nl/sterrenkunde/onderzoek/Blaauw/blaauwLeven">"Professor dr. Adriaan Blaauw turns ninety"</a>. April 1, 2004. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rug.nl/sterrenkunde/onderzoek/Blaauw/blaauwLeven">the original</a> on May 15, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Professor+dr.+Adriaan+Blaauw+turns+ninety&rft.date=2004-04-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rug.nl%2Fsterrenkunde%2Fonderzoek%2FBlaauw%2FblaauwLeven&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-158"><a href="#cite_ref-158">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=AsMwAQAAMAAJ">Facts on File World News Digest Yearbook</a>. Facts on File News Services. 2000. p. 512. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207132039/https://books.google.com/books?id=AsMwAQAAMAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 19, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Facts+on+File+World+News+Digest+Yearbook&rft.pages=512&rft.pub=Facts+on+File+News+Services&rft.date=2000&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAsMwAQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-159"><a href="#cite_ref-159">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDavis2007" class="citation book cs1">Davis, Philip (September 13, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_yLaSNbbKRUC&pg=PT27">Bernard Malamud: A Writer's Life</a>. OUP Oxford. p. 27. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-160843-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-160843-8"><bdi>978-0-19-160843-8</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207131955/https://books.google.com/books?id=_yLaSNbbKRUC&pg=PT27#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 13, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bernard+Malamud%3A+A+Writer%27s+Life&rft.pages=27&rft.pub=OUP+Oxford&rft.date=2007-09-13&rft.isbn=978-0-19-160843-8&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=Philip&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_yLaSNbbKRUC%26pg%3DPT27&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-160"><a href="#cite_ref-160">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWiseRehill1999" class="citation book cs1">Wise, James E.; Rehill, Anne Collier (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_J5ZAAAAMAAJ">Stars in the Corps: Movie Actors in the United States Marines</a>. Naval Institute Press. p. 167. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55750-949-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55750-949-9"><bdi>978-1-55750-949-9</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207132048/https://books.google.com/books?id=_J5ZAAAAMAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 17, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Stars+in+the+Corps%3A+Movie+Actors+in+the+United+States+Marines&rft.pages=167&rft.pub=Naval+Institute+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-1-55750-949-9&rft.aulast=Wise&rft.aufirst=James+E.&rft.au=Rehill%2C+Anne+Collier&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_J5ZAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-161"><a href="#cite_ref-161">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSchoolcraft2012" class="citation book cs1">Schoolcraft, Ralph (May 26, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=E3y_1x4gdGUC&pg=PA1">Romain Gary: The Man Who Sold His Shadow</a>. University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 1. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8122-0320-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8122-0320-2"><bdi>978-0-8122-0320-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207131959/https://books.google.com/books?id=E3y_1x4gdGUC&pg=PA1#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 13, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Romain+Gary%3A+The+Man+Who+Sold+His+Shadow&rft.pages=1&rft.pub=University+of+Pennsylvania+Press&rft.date=2012-05-26&rft.isbn=978-0-8122-0320-2&rft.aulast=Schoolcraft&rft.aufirst=Ralph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DE3y_1x4gdGUC%26pg%3DPA1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-162"><a href="#cite_ref-162">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rBFMAAAAYAAJ">Gramophone</a>. General Gramophone Publications Limited. 2005. p. 19. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207132440/https://books.google.com/books?id=rBFMAAAAYAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 14, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gramophone&rft.pages=19&rft.pub=General+Gramophone+Publications+Limited&rft.date=2005&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrBFMAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-163"><a href="#cite_ref-163">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKrampert2016" class="citation book cs1">Krampert, Peter (March 23, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YRsxDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA164">The Encyclopedia of the Harmonica</a>. Mel Bay Publications. p. 164. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-61911-577-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-61911-577-4"><bdi>978-1-61911-577-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207132558/https://books.google.com/books?id=YRsxDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA164#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 14, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+the+Harmonica&rft.pages=164&rft.pub=Mel+Bay+Publications&rft.date=2016-03-23&rft.isbn=978-1-61911-577-4&rft.aulast=Krampert&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYRsxDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA164&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-164"><a href="#cite_ref-164">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMorrison1988" class="citation book cs1">Morrison, Ian (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CDQPNiql0lMC">Boxing: The Records</a>. Guinness Books. p. 85. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85112-345-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-85112-345-5"><bdi>978-0-85112-345-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207132559/https://books.google.com/books?id=CDQPNiql0lMC">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 18, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Boxing%3A+The+Records&rft.pages=85&rft.pub=Guinness+Books&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-0-85112-345-5&rft.aulast=Morrison&rft.aufirst=Ian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCDQPNiql0lMC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-165"><a href="#cite_ref-165">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210422050715/https://www.olympic.org/hideko-maehata">"Hideko Maehata"</a>. Olympic.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.olympic.org/hideko-maehata">the original</a> on April 22, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Olympic.org&rft.atitle=Hideko+Maehata&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.olympic.org%2Fhideko-maehata&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-166"><a href="#cite_ref-166">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBozhkov1991" class="citation book cs1">Bozhkov, Atanas (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Pny0AAAAIAAJ">Boris Christoff: An Authorized Biography</a>. Robson. p. 14. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-86051-731-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-86051-731-3"><bdi>978-0-86051-731-3</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207132447/https://books.google.com/books?id=Pny0AAAAIAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 15, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Boris+Christoff%3A+An+Authorized+Biography&rft.pages=14&rft.pub=Robson&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-0-86051-731-3&rft.aulast=Bozhkov&rft.aufirst=Atanas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPny0AAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-167"><a href="#cite_ref-167">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMartin1995" class="citation book cs1">Martin, Ed (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dWIjAQAAIAAJ">Contemporary Fashion</a>. St. James Press. p. 35. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55862-173-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55862-173-2"><bdi>978-1-55862-173-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207132533/https://books.google.com/books?id=dWIjAQAAIAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 18, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Contemporary+Fashion&rft.pages=35&rft.pub=St.+James+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-1-55862-173-2&rft.aulast=Martin&rft.aufirst=Ed&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdWIjAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-168"><a href="#cite_ref-168">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Gx8oAQAAIAAJ">Manchester Memoirs</a>. The Society. 1999. p. 113. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207132451/https://books.google.com/books?id=Gx8oAQAAIAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 21, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Manchester+Memoirs&rft.pages=113&rft.pub=The+Society&rft.date=1999&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGx8oAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-169"><a href="#cite_ref-169">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHorowitz2000" class="citation book cs1">Horowitz, Daniel (November 9, 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9PFECQAAQBAJ&pg=PA11">Vance Packard and American Social Criticism</a>. Univ of North Carolina Press. p. 11. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8078-6211-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8078-6211-7"><bdi>978-0-8078-6211-7</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207132609/https://books.google.com/books?id=9PFECQAAQBAJ&pg=PA11#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 19, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vance+Packard+and+American+Social+Criticism&rft.pages=11&rft.pub=Univ+of+North+Carolina+Press&rft.date=2000-11-09&rft.isbn=978-0-8078-6211-7&rft.aulast=Horowitz&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9PFECQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA11&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-170"><a href="#cite_ref-170">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMayEvory1986" class="citation book cs1">May, Hal; Evory, Ann (February 1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GgE_udhTxMgC">Contemporary Authors</a>. Gale Research International, Limited. p. 369. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8103-1916-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8103-1916-5"><bdi>978-0-8103-1916-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207132551/https://books.google.com/books?id=GgE_udhTxMgC">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved May 2, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Contemporary+Authors&rft.pages=369&rft.pub=Gale+Research+International%2C+Limited&rft.date=1986-02&rft.isbn=978-0-8103-1916-5&rft.aulast=May&rft.aufirst=Hal&rft.au=Evory%2C+Ann&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGgE_udhTxMgC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-171"><a href="#cite_ref-171">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=01wPAAAAMAAJ">Poets of Tomorrow</a>. Hogarth Press. 1939. p. 45. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207133119/https://books.google.com/books?id=01wPAAAAMAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 14, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Poets+of+Tomorrow&rft.pages=45&rft.pub=Hogarth+Press&rft.date=1939&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D01wPAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-172"><a href="#cite_ref-172">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wrBWAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA3-PP9">Soviet Life</a>. Embassy of the Union of the Soviet Socialist Republics in the USA. 1984. p. 3. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207133125/https://books.google.com/books?id=wrBWAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA3-PP9#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 30, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Soviet+Life&rft.pages=3&rft.pub=Embassy+of+the+Union+of+the+Soviet+Socialist+Republics+in+the+USA&rft.date=1984&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwrBWAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DRA3-PP9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-173"><a href="#cite_ref-173">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PnEmAQAAIAAJ">Friends Journal</a>. Friends Publishing Corporation. 1997. p. 18.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Friends+Journal&rft.pages=18&rft.pub=Friends+Publishing+Corporation&rft.date=1997&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPnEmAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-174"><a href="#cite_ref-174">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">"Lee, (Wilfred) Jack Raymond". <a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography#Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="Dictionary of National Biography">Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</a> (online ed.). Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F77340">10.1093/ref:odnb/77340</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Lee%2C+%28Wilfred%29+Jack+Raymond&rft.btitle=Oxford+Dictionary+of+National+Biography&rft.edition=online&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F77340&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> (Subscription or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxforddnb.com/help/subscribe#public">UK public library membership</a> required.) </li> <li id="cite_note-175"><a href="#cite_ref-175">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAhmadullahQadir2018" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Ahmadullah, Hafez; Qadir, Ridwanul (2018). মাশায়েখে চাটগাম [Mashayekh-e Chatgam] (in Bengali). <a href="/wiki/Dhaka" title="Dhaka">Dhaka</a>: Ahmad Publication. pp. 162–185. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-984-92106-4-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-984-92106-4-1"><bdi>978-984-92106-4-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%96%E0%A7%87+%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE&rft.place=Dhaka&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E162-%3C%2Fspan%3E185&rft.pub=Ahmad+Publication&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-984-92106-4-1&rft.aulast=Ahmadullah&rft.aufirst=Hafez&rft.au=Qadir%2C+Ridwanul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-176"><a href="#cite_ref-176">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNigeria2018" class="citation web cs1">Nigeria, Sheroes (February 10, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sheroes.ng/tributes/2018/02/11/chief-mrs-margaret-affiong-ekpo-27th-june-1914-21st-september-2006/">"Chief Mrs. Margaret Affiong Ekpo (27th June 1914-21st September 2006)"</a>. Sheroes Nigeria. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210430122428/https://sheroes.ng/tributes/2018/02/11/chief-mrs-margaret-affiong-ekpo-27th-june-1914-21st-september-2006/">Archived</a> from the original on April 30, 2021. Retrieved April 30, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sheroes+Nigeria&rft.atitle=Chief+Mrs.+Margaret+Affiong+Ekpo+%2827th+June+1914-21st+September+2006%29&rft.date=2018-02-10&rft.aulast=Nigeria&rft.aufirst=Sheroes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsheroes.ng%2Ftributes%2F2018%2F02%2F11%2Fchief-mrs-margaret-affiong-ekpo-27th-june-1914-21st-september-2006%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-177"><a href="#cite_ref-177">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMarco1993" class="citation book cs1">Marco, Guy A. (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Lvj0AAAAMAAJ">Encyclopedia of Recorded Sound in the United States</a>. Garland Pub. p. 377. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8240-4782-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8240-4782-5"><bdi>978-0-8240-4782-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207133120/https://books.google.com/books?id=Lvj0AAAAMAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 14, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Recorded+Sound+in+the+United+States&rft.pages=377&rft.pub=Garland+Pub.&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-0-8240-4782-5&rft.aulast=Marco&rft.aufirst=Guy+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLvj0AAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-178"><a href="#cite_ref-178">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hRg5AAAAMAAJ">Current Biography Yearbook</a>. H. W. Wilson Company. 1976. p. 15. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207133115/https://books.google.com/books?id=hRg5AAAAMAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 13, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Current+Biography+Yearbook&rft.pages=15&rft.pub=H.+W.+Wilson+Company&rft.date=1976&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhRg5AAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-179"><a href="#cite_ref-179">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJenkins1996" class="citation book cs1">Jenkins, Everett (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zU0UAQAAIAAJ">Pan-African Chronology: 1914-1929</a>. McFarland & Company. p. 12. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-0835-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-0835-1"><bdi>978-0-7864-0835-1</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207133130/https://books.google.com/books?id=zU0UAQAAIAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 15, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pan-African+Chronology%3A+1914-1929&rft.pages=12&rft.pub=McFarland+%26+Company&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-7864-0835-1&rft.aulast=Jenkins&rft.aufirst=Everett&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzU0UAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-180"><a href="#cite_ref-180">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.parlamentario.com/noticia-8591.html">"Buscan convertir en museo la casa de Troilo"</a> [They seek to turn the house of Troilo into a museum] (in Spanish). parlamentario.com. May 17, 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191002193251/http://www.parlamentario.com/noticia-8591.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 2, 2019. Retrieved October 2, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Buscan+convertir+en+museo+la+casa+de+Troilo&rft.pub=parlamentario.com&rft.date=2007-05-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.parlamentario.com%2Fnoticia-8591.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-181"><a href="#cite_ref-181">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSutherland2018" class="citation web cs1">Sutherland, Ben (November 27, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/formula1/46344810">"The Prince And I: The story of the last Thai F1 driver"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230209141527/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/formula1/46344810">Archived</a> from the original on February 9, 2023. Retrieved March 13, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Prince+And+I%3A+The+story+of+the+last+Thai+F1+driver&rft.pub=BBC&rft.date=2018-11-27&rft.aulast=Sutherland&rft.aufirst=Ben&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fsport%2Fformula1%2F46344810&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-182"><a href="#cite_ref-182">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/bwn1880-2000/lemmata/b/bwn2/bwn1/cals">"Cals, Jozef Maria Laurens Theo (1914–1971)"</a> (in Dutch). Huygens ING. November 12, 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210502135058/http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/bwn1880-2000/lemmata/b/bwn2/bwn1/cals">Archived</a> from the original on May 2, 2021. Retrieved May 24, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cals%2C+Jozef+Maria+Laurens+Theo+%281914%E2%80%931971%29&rft.pub=Huygens+ING&rft.date=2013-11-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fresources.huygens.knaw.nl%2Fbwn1880-2000%2Flemmata%2Fb%2Fbwn2%2Fbwn1%2Fcals&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-183"><a href="#cite_ref-183">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yhtrAAAAMAAJ">American Men of Medicine</a>. The Institute. 1961. p. 357. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207133122/https://books.google.com/books?id=yhtrAAAAMAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 26, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=American+Men+of+Medicine&rft.pages=357&rft.pub=The+Institute&rft.date=1961&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyhtrAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-184"><a href="#cite_ref-184">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SsNgAAAAIAAJ">Who's who in European Institutions and Organizations</a>. Who's Who, the International Red Series Verlag GmbH. 1982. p. 390. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207133138/https://books.google.com/books?id=SsNgAAAAIAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 26, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Who%27s+who+in+European+Institutions+and+Organizations&rft.pages=390&rft.pub=Who%27s+Who%2C+the+International+Red+Series+Verlag+GmbH&rft.date=1982&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSsNgAAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-185"><a href="#cite_ref-185">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGussow2001" class="citation news cs1">Gussow, Mel (April 11, 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2001/04/11/arts/beatrice-straight-versatile-star-dies-at-86.html">"Beatrice Straight, Versatile Star, Dies at 86"</a>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210413100117/https://www.nytimes.com/2001/04/11/arts/beatrice-straight-versatile-star-dies-at-86.html">Archived</a> from the original on April 13, 2021. Retrieved January 21, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Beatrice+Straight%2C+Versatile+Star%2C+Dies+at+86&rft.date=2001-04-11&rft.aulast=Gussow&rft.aufirst=Mel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2001%2F04%2F11%2Farts%2Fbeatrice-straight-versatile-star-dies-at-86.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-186"><a href="#cite_ref-186">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSt_James_Press1994" class="citation book cs1">St James Press (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=p6IRAQAAMAAJ">Reference Guide to Short Fiction</a>. St. James Press. p. 276. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55862-334-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55862-334-7"><bdi>978-1-55862-334-7</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207133133/https://books.google.com/books?id=p6IRAQAAMAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 13, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Reference+Guide+to+Short+Fiction&rft.pages=276&rft.pub=St.+James+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-1-55862-334-7&rft.au=St+James+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dp6IRAQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-187"><a href="#cite_ref-187">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHevesi2009" class="citation news cs1">Hevesi, Dennis (April 24, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2009/04/24/arts/24annakin.html">"Ken Annakin, 'Magnificent' Director, Dies at 94"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210417163706/https://www.nytimes.com/2009/04/24/arts/24annakin.html">Archived</a> from the original on April 17, 2021. Retrieved April 27, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Ken+Annakin%2C+%27Magnificent%27+Director%2C+Dies+at+94&rft.date=2009-04-24&rft.aulast=Hevesi&rft.aufirst=Dennis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2009%2F04%2F24%2Farts%2F24annakin.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-188"><a href="#cite_ref-188">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBehrens1999" class="citation magazine cs1">Behrens, Roy R. (September–October 1999). "Paul Rand". <a href="/wiki/Print_(magazine)" title="Print (magazine)">Print</a>. p. 68 ff.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Print&rft.atitle=Paul+Rand&rft.pages=68+ff&rft.date=1999-09%2F1999-10&rft.aulast=Behrens&rft.aufirst=Roy+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-189"><a href="#cite_ref-189">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=55EgAAAAMAAJ">NATO Letter</a>. North Atlantic Treaty Organization, Information Division. 1957. p. 3. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207134117/https://books.google.com/books?id=55EgAAAAMAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 20, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=NATO+Letter&rft.pages=3&rft.pub=North+Atlantic+Treaty+Organization%2C+Information+Division&rft.date=1957&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D55EgAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-190"><a href="#cite_ref-190">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFStavans1996" class="citation book cs1">Stavans, Ilan (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=t91eAAAAMAAJ">Julio Cortázar: A Study of the Short Fiction</a>. Twayne Publishers. p. 7. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8057-8293-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8057-8293-6"><bdi>978-0-8057-8293-6</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207134130/https://books.google.com/books?id=t91eAAAAMAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 13, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Julio+Cort%C3%A1zar%3A+A+Study+of+the+Short+Fiction&rft.pages=7&rft.pub=Twayne+Publishers&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-8057-8293-6&rft.aulast=Stavans&rft.aufirst=Ilan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dt91eAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-191"><a href="#cite_ref-191">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLaunius2004" class="citation book cs1">Launius, Roger D. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=evUP4glYmvEC&pg=PA113">Frontiers of Space Exploration</a>. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 113. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-32524-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-32524-3"><bdi>978-0-313-32524-3</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207134600/https://books.google.com/books?id=evUP4glYmvEC&pg=PA113">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 19, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Frontiers+of+Space+Exploration&rft.pages=113&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-313-32524-3&rft.aulast=Launius&rft.aufirst=Roger+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DevUP4glYmvEC%26pg%3DPA113&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-192"><a href="#cite_ref-192">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFElvert1994" class="citation book cs1">Elvert, Jürgen (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=29nrLLarIM0C&pg=PA184">Nordirland in Geschichte und Gegenwart</a>. Franz Steiner Verlag. p. 184. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-515-06102-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-515-06102-5"><bdi>978-3-515-06102-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207134641/https://books.google.com/books?id=29nrLLarIM0C&pg=PA184#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 21, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nordirland+in+Geschichte+und+Gegenwart&rft.pages=184&rft.pub=Franz+Steiner+Verlag&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-3-515-06102-5&rft.aulast=Elvert&rft.aufirst=J%C3%BCrgen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D29nrLLarIM0C%26pg%3DPA184&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-193"><a href="#cite_ref-193">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sRTJo8ptwDgC">Chase's Calendar of Events 2006</a>. McGraw-Hill. September 2005. p. 469. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-07-146110-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-07-146110-8"><bdi>978-0-07-146110-8</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207134642/https://books.google.com/books?id=sRTJo8ptwDgC">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 16, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chase%27s+Calendar+of+Events+2006&rft.pages=469&rft.pub=McGraw-Hill&rft.date=2005-09&rft.isbn=978-0-07-146110-8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DsRTJo8ptwDgC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-194"><a href="#cite_ref-194">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LH-6AAAAIAAJ">Tapol</a>. Tapol, the British Campaign for the Release of Indonesian Political Prisoners. 2004. p. 23. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207134637/https://books.google.com/books?id=LH-6AAAAIAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 20, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tapol&rft.pages=23&rft.pub=Tapol%2C+the+British+Campaign+for+the+Release+of+Indonesian+Political+Prisoners&rft.date=2004&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLH-6AAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-195"><a href="#cite_ref-195">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5PoZAAAAYAAJ">Current Biography Yearbook</a>. H. W. Wilson Company. 1979. p. 471. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207134643/https://books.google.com/books?id=5PoZAAAAYAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 15, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Current+Biography+Yearbook&rft.pages=471&rft.pub=H.+W.+Wilson+Company&rft.date=1979&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5PoZAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-196"><a href="#cite_ref-196">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMurphy2019" class="citation book cs1">Murphy, Robert (July 25, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Kgn8DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT260">Directors in British and Irish Cinema: A Reference Companion</a>. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 260. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-83871-532-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-83871-532-8"><bdi>978-1-83871-532-8</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207134645/https://books.google.com/books?id=Kgn8DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT260#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 13, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Directors+in+British+and+Irish+Cinema%3A+A+Reference+Companion&rft.pages=260&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing&rft.date=2019-07-25&rft.isbn=978-1-83871-532-8&rft.aulast=Murphy&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKgn8DwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT260&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-197"><a href="#cite_ref-197">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDonnelley2000" class="citation book cs1">Donnelley, Paul (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EmYcAQAAIAAJ">Fade to Black: A Book of Movie Obituaries</a>. Omnibus. p. 117. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7119-7984-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7119-7984-0"><bdi>978-0-7119-7984-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207134646/https://books.google.com/books?id=EmYcAQAAIAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 15, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fade+to+Black%3A+A+Book+of+Movie+Obituaries&rft.pages=117&rft.pub=Omnibus&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-7119-7984-0&rft.aulast=Donnelley&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEmYcAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-198"><a href="#cite_ref-198">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CWkaAQAAIAAJ">Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society</a>. The Branch. 2006. p. 27. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207134605/https://books.google.com/books?id=CWkaAQAAIAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 21, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Journal+of+the+Malaysian+Branch+of+the+Royal+Asiatic+Society&rft.pages=27&rft.pub=The+Branch&rft.date=2006&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCWkaAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-199"><a href="#cite_ref-199">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHall1978" class="citation book cs1">Hall, Richard (1978). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=iUYBAAAAMAAJ">The Real John Kerr: His Brilliant Career</a>. Angus & Robertson. p. 13. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-207-13791-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-207-13791-4"><bdi>978-0-207-13791-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207134637/https://books.google.com/books?id=iUYBAAAAMAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 15, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Real+John+Kerr%3A+His+Brilliant+Career&rft.pages=13&rft.pub=Angus+%26+Robertson&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=978-0-207-13791-4&rft.aulast=Hall&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DiUYBAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-200"><a href="#cite_ref-200">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLuther2011" class="citation news cs1">Luther, Claudia (January 23, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140328010100/http://www.latimes.com/news/obituaries/la-me-jack-lalanne-20110124,0,5507436,full.story">"Jack LaLanne obituary: Jack LaLanne dies at 96; spiritual father of U.S. fitness movement"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.latimes.com/news/obituaries/la-me-jack-lalanne-20110124,0,5507436,full.story">the original</a> on March 28, 2014. Retrieved January 24, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Jack+LaLanne+obituary%3A+Jack+LaLanne+dies+at+96%3B+spiritual+father+of+U.S.+fitness+movement&rft.date=2011-01-23&rft.aulast=Luther&rft.aufirst=Claudia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Fnews%2Fobituaries%2Fla-me-jack-lalanne-20110124%2C0%2C5507436%2Cfull.story&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-201"><a href="#cite_ref-201">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFUnited_States_Congress._Senate._Committee_on_Rules_and_Administration1975" class="citation book cs1">United States Congress. Senate. Committee on Rules and Administration (1975). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1xkxPqahdooC&pg=PA24">Nomination of Daniel J. Boorstin of the District of Columbia to be Librarian of Congress: Hearings Before the Committee on Rules and Administration, United States Senate, Ninety-fourth Congress, First Session ...</a> U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 24. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207134642/https://books.google.com/books?id=1xkxPqahdooC&pg=PA24#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 16, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nomination+of+Daniel+J.+Boorstin+of+the+District+of+Columbia+to+be+Librarian+of+Congress%3A+Hearings+Before+the+Committee+on+Rules+and+Administration%2C+United+States+Senate%2C+Ninety-fourth+Congress%2C+First+Session+...&rft.pages=24&rft.pub=U.S.+Government+Printing+Office&rft.date=1975&rft.au=United+States+Congress.+Senate.+Committee+on+Rules+and+Administration&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1xkxPqahdooC%26pg%3DPA24&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-202"><a href="#cite_ref-202">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFUnited_States_Congress._Senate._Committee_on_Commerce._Subcommittee_on_Oceans_and_Atmosphere1972" class="citation book cs1">United States Congress. Senate. Committee on Commerce. Subcommittee on Oceans and Atmosphere (1972). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HiUQAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA42">International Conference on Ocean Pollution: Hearings, Ninety-second Congress, Second Session ...</a> U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 42. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207134644/https://books.google.com/books?id=HiUQAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA42#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 13, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=International+Conference+on+Ocean+Pollution%3A+Hearings%2C+Ninety-second+Congress%2C+Second+Session+...&rft.pages=42&rft.pub=U.S.+Government+Printing+Office&rft.date=1972&rft.au=United+States+Congress.+Senate.+Committee+on+Commerce.+Subcommittee+on+Oceans+and+Atmosphere&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHiUQAAAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPA42&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-203"><a href="#cite_ref-203">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DaiaY75n24sC">The Illustrated Weekly of India</a>. Published for the proprietors, Bennett, Coleman & Company, Limited, at the Times of India Press. 1975. p. 39. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207134621/https://books.google.com/books?id=DaiaY75n24sC">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 26, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Illustrated+Weekly+of+India&rft.pages=39&rft.pub=Published+for+the+proprietors%2C+Bennett%2C+Coleman+%26+Company%2C+Limited%2C+at+the+Times+of+India+Press&rft.date=1975&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDaiaY75n24sC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-204"><a href="#cite_ref-204">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFYoungSessine2000" class="citation book cs1">Young, Robyn V.; Sessine, Suzanne (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=imU6AQAAIAAJ">World of Chemistry</a>. Gale Group. p. 295. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7876-3650-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7876-3650-0"><bdi>978-0-7876-3650-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207134642/https://books.google.com/books?id=imU6AQAAIAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 15, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=World+of+Chemistry&rft.pages=295&rft.pub=Gale+Group&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-7876-3650-0&rft.aulast=Young&rft.aufirst=Robyn+V.&rft.au=Sessine%2C+Suzanne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DimU6AQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-205"><a href="#cite_ref-205">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dVMnAQAAIAAJ">Official Associated Press Almanac</a>. New York Times, Book & Educational Division. 1970. p. 544. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207134644/https://books.google.com/books?id=dVMnAQAAIAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 26, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Official+Associated+Press+Almanac&rft.pages=544&rft.pub=New+York+Times%2C+Book+%26+Educational+Division&rft.date=1970&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdVMnAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-206"><a href="#cite_ref-206">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFThompson1999" class="citation book cs1">Thompson, Clifford (December 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=aVpu5WHJxvsC">Current Biography Yearbook: 1999</a>. Hw Wilson Company. p. 217. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8242-0988-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8242-0988-9"><bdi>978-0-8242-0988-9</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207134608/https://books.google.com/books?id=aVpu5WHJxvsC">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 16, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Current+Biography+Yearbook%3A+1999&rft.pages=217&rft.pub=Hw+Wilson+Company&rft.date=1999-12&rft.isbn=978-0-8242-0988-9&rft.aulast=Thompson&rft.aufirst=Clifford&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DaVpu5WHJxvsC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-207"><a href="#cite_ref-207">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTravisano1999" class="citation book cs1">Travisano, Thomas J. (December 29, 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jY6TuWwWyk0C&pg=PA73">Midcentury Quartet: Bishop, Lowell, Jarrell, Berryman, and the Making of a Postmodern Aesthetic</a>. University of Virginia Press. p. 73. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8139-2918-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8139-2918-7"><bdi>978-0-8139-2918-7</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207134603/https://books.google.com/books?id=jY6TuWwWyk0C&pg=PA73#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 16, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Midcentury+Quartet%3A+Bishop%2C+Lowell%2C+Jarrell%2C+Berryman%2C+and+the+Making+of+a+Postmodern+Aesthetic&rft.pages=73&rft.pub=University+of+Virginia+Press&rft.date=1999-12-29&rft.isbn=978-0-8139-2918-7&rft.aulast=Travisano&rft.aufirst=Thomas+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjY6TuWwWyk0C%26pg%3DPA73&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-208"><a href="#cite_ref-208">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKarney1984" class="citation book cs1">Karney, Robyn (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MKGeUPmWIlkC">The Movie Stars Story</a>. Crescent Books. p. 54. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-517-43736-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-517-43736-0"><bdi>978-0-517-43736-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207135215/https://books.google.com/books?id=MKGeUPmWIlkC">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 26, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Movie+Stars+Story&rft.pages=54&rft.pub=Crescent+Books&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=978-0-517-43736-0&rft.aulast=Karney&rft.aufirst=Robyn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMKGeUPmWIlkC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-209"><a href="#cite_ref-209">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPerkins1995" class="citation book cs1">Perkins, Derek Cyril (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rIBbAAAAMAAJ">Dylan Thomas and His World</a>. Domino Books (Wales). p. 13. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85772-160-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85772-160-7"><bdi>978-1-85772-160-7</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207135105/https://books.google.com/books?id=rIBbAAAAMAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 13, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dylan+Thomas+and+His+World&rft.pages=13&rft.pub=Domino+Books+%28Wales%29&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-1-85772-160-7&rft.aulast=Perkins&rft.aufirst=Derek+Cyril&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrIBbAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-210"><a href="#cite_ref-210">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHarmanDietrich2018" class="citation book cs1">Harman, Oren; Dietrich, Michael R. (July 20, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9A1uDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA83">Dreamers, Visionaries, and Revolutionaries in the Life Sciences</a>. University of Chicago Press. p. 83. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-226-56990-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-226-56990-1"><bdi>978-0-226-56990-1</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207135104/https://books.google.com/books?id=9A1uDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA83#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 13, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dreamers%2C+Visionaries%2C+and+Revolutionaries+in+the+Life+Sciences&rft.pages=83&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=2018-07-20&rft.isbn=978-0-226-56990-1&rft.aulast=Harman&rft.aufirst=Oren&rft.au=Dietrich%2C+Michael+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9A1uDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA83&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-211"><a href="#cite_ref-211">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFShetty1993" class="citation book cs1">Shetty, Prabhakara H. (October 30, 1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jEy67gEvIuMC&pg=PA356">"Richard Laurence Millington Synge"</a>. In James, Laylin K. (ed.). Nobel Laureates in Chemistry, 1901-1992. Chemical Heritage Foundation. p. 356. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8412-2690-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8412-2690-6"><bdi>978-0-8412-2690-6</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207135104/https://books.google.com/books?id=jEy67gEvIuMC&pg=PA356#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 15, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Richard+Laurence+Millington+Synge&rft.btitle=Nobel+Laureates+in+Chemistry%2C+1901-1992&rft.pages=356&rft.pub=Chemical+Heritage+Foundation&rft.date=1993-10-30&rft.isbn=978-0-8412-2690-6&rft.aulast=Shetty&rft.aufirst=Prabhakara+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjEy67gEvIuMC%26pg%3DPA356&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-212"><a href="#cite_ref-212">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFOlinick1978" class="citation book cs1">Olinick, Michael (1978). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rgWPAAAAIAAJ">An Introduction to Mathematical Models in the Social and Life Sciences</a>. Addison-Wesley Publishing Company. p. 164. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-201-05448-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-201-05448-4"><bdi>978-0-201-05448-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207135147/https://books.google.com/books?id=rgWPAAAAIAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 26, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Introduction+to+Mathematical+Models+in+the+Social+and+Life+Sciences&rft.pages=164&rft.pub=Addison-Wesley+Publishing+Company&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=978-0-201-05448-4&rft.aulast=Olinick&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrgWPAAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-213"><a href="#cite_ref-213">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHaefner2021" class="citation web cs1">Haefner, Laura (May 11, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://variety.com/2021/film/people-news/norman-lloyd-dead-st-elsewhere-saboteur-1234970920/">"Norman Lloyd, Actor in 'St. Elsewhere' and Hitchcock's 'Saboteur,' Dies at 106"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210511230407/https://variety.com/2021/film/people-news/norman-lloyd-dead-st-elsewhere-saboteur-1234970920/">Archived</a> from the original on May 11, 2021. Retrieved May 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Norman+Lloyd%2C+Actor+in+%27St.+Elsewhere%27+and+Hitchcock%27s+%27Saboteur%2C%27+Dies+at+106&rft.date=2021-05-11&rft.aulast=Haefner&rft.aufirst=Laura&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvariety.com%2F2021%2Ffilm%2Fpeople-news%2Fnorman-lloyd-dead-st-elsewhere-saboteur-1234970920%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-214"><a href="#cite_ref-214">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNichols2024" class="citation news cs1">Nichols, Sam (November 15, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abc.net.au/news/2024-11-15/nsw-dancer-dies-age-110-eileen-kramer/104608440">"Dance 'trailblazer', believed to be the oldest woman in NSW, dies aged 110"</a>. ABC News. Retrieved November 15, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft.atitle=Dance+%27trailblazer%27%2C+believed+to+be+the+oldest+woman+in+NSW%2C+dies+aged+110&rft.date=2024-11-15&rft.aulast=Nichols&rft.aufirst=Sam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fnews%2F2024-11-15%2Fnsw-dancer-dies-age-110-eileen-kramer%2F104608440&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-215"><a href="#cite_ref-215">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAmory1959" class="citation book cs1">Amory, Cleveland (1959). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bivTAAAAMAAJ">International Celebrity Register</a>. Celebrity Register. p. 248.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=International+Celebrity+Register&rft.pages=248&rft.pub=Celebrity+Register&rft.date=1959&rft.aulast=Amory&rft.aufirst=Cleveland&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbivTAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rondi1967-216"><a href="#cite_ref-Rondi1967_216-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRondi1967" class="citation book cs1">Rondi, Gian Luigi (1967). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=A39ZAAAAMAAJ">Italian Cinema Today: 1952-1965</a>. Dobson. p. 120. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207135108/https://books.google.com/books?id=A39ZAAAAMAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved May 2, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Italian+Cinema+Today%3A+1952-1965&rft.pages=120&rft.pub=Dobson&rft.date=1967&rft.aulast=Rondi&rft.aufirst=Gian+Luigi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DA39ZAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-217"><a href="#cite_ref-:0_217-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWilliams2017" class="citation web cs1">Williams, C. J. (June 9, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nzedge.com/legends/bill-phillips/">"Bill Phillips, World-Changing Economist"</a>. NZEDGE. Retrieved November 15, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NZEDGE&rft.atitle=Bill+Phillips%2C+World-Changing+Economist&rft.date=2017-06-09&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=C.+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nzedge.com%2Flegends%2Fbill-phillips%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-218"><a href="#cite_ref-218">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSakany2002" class="citation book cs1">Sakany, Lois (November 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Rm4DGvZDovgC&pg=PA11">Joe DiMaggio</a>. The Rosen Publishing Group. p. 11. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8239-3779-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8239-3779-0"><bdi>978-0-8239-3779-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207135155/https://books.google.com/books?id=Rm4DGvZDovgC&pg=PA11">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 16, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Joe+DiMaggio&rft.pages=11&rft.pub=The+Rosen+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2002-11&rft.isbn=978-0-8239-3779-0&rft.aulast=Sakany&rft.aufirst=Lois&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRm4DGvZDovgC%26pg%3DPA11&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-219"><a href="#cite_ref-219">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAmory1959" class="citation book cs1">Amory, Cleveland (1959). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bivTAAAAMAAJ">International Celebrity Register</a>. Celebrity Register. p. 420.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=International+Celebrity+Register&rft.pages=420&rft.pub=Celebrity+Register&rft.date=1959&rft.aulast=Amory&rft.aufirst=Cleveland&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbivTAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-220"><a href="#cite_ref-220">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFStaff_of_The_New_York_Public_Library2001" class="citation book cs1">Staff of The New York Public Library (November 6, 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BD2P-Yb-m3wC&pg=PT551">The New York Public Library Literature Companion</a>. Simon and Schuster. p. 551. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4391-3721-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4391-3721-5"><bdi>978-1-4391-3721-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207135121/https://books.google.com/books?id=BD2P-Yb-m3wC&pg=PT551#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 17, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+New+York+Public+Library+Literature+Companion&rft.pages=551&rft.pub=Simon+and+Schuster&rft.date=2001-11-06&rft.isbn=978-1-4391-3721-5&rft.au=Staff+of+The+New+York+Public+Library&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBD2P-Yb-m3wC%26pg%3DPT551&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-221"><a href="#cite_ref-221">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCullenHackmanMcNeilly2007" class="citation book cs1">Cullen, Frank; Hackman, Florence; McNeilly, Donald (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XFnfnKg6BcAC&pg=PA432">Vaudeville old & new: an encyclopedia of variety performances in America</a>. Psychology Press. p. 432. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-93853-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-93853-2"><bdi>978-0-415-93853-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207135618/https://books.google.com/books?id=XFnfnKg6BcAC&pg=PA432#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 16, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vaudeville+old+%26+new%3A+an+encyclopedia+of+variety+performances+in+America&rft.pages=432&rft.pub=Psychology+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-415-93853-2&rft.aulast=Cullen&rft.aufirst=Frank&rft.au=Hackman%2C+Florence&rft.au=McNeilly%2C+Donald&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXFnfnKg6BcAC%26pg%3DPA432&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-222"><a href="#cite_ref-222">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLentz2014" class="citation book cs1">Lentz, Harris M. (February 4, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=D6HKAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA311">Heads of States and Governments Since 1945</a>. Routledge. p. 311. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-134-26490-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-134-26490-2"><bdi>978-1-134-26490-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207135603/https://books.google.com/books?id=D6HKAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA311#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 15, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Heads+of+States+and+Governments+Since+1945&rft.pages=311&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2014-02-04&rft.isbn=978-1-134-26490-2&rft.aulast=Lentz&rft.aufirst=Harris+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DD6HKAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA311&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-223"><a href="#cite_ref-223">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPolner1982" class="citation book cs1">Polner, Murray (1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gIl2AAAAMAAJ">American Jewish Biographies</a>. Facts on File, Incorporated. p. 445. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87196-462-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87196-462-5"><bdi>978-0-87196-462-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=American+Jewish+Biographies&rft.pages=445&rft.pub=Facts+on+File%2C+Incorporated&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=978-0-87196-462-5&rft.aulast=Polner&rft.aufirst=Murray&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgIl2AAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-224"><a href="#cite_ref-224">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=AqkEAAAAIAAJ">Science Chronicle</a>. Pakistan Council of Scientific & Industrial Research. 1974. p. 67. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207135603/https://books.google.com/books?id=AqkEAAAAIAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 21, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Science+Chronicle&rft.pages=67&rft.pub=Pakistan+Council+of+Scientific+%26+Industrial+Research&rft.date=1974&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAqkEAAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-225"><a href="#cite_ref-225">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_I7yAAAAMAAJ">The Australian Journal of Science</a>. Australian National Research Council. 1964. p. 254. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207135619/https://books.google.com/books?id=_I7yAAAAMAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 21, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Australian+Journal+of+Science&rft.pages=254&rft.pub=Australian+National+Research+Council&rft.date=1964&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_I7yAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-226"><a href="#cite_ref-226">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAmoryBlackwell1963" class="citation book cs1">Amory, Cleveland; Blackwell, Earl (1963). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3CvTAAAAMAAJ">Celebrity Register</a>. Simon and Schuster. p. 656. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207135701/https://books.google.com/books?id=3CvTAAAAMAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 15, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Celebrity+Register&rft.pages=656&rft.pub=Simon+and+Schuster&rft.date=1963&rft.aulast=Amory&rft.aufirst=Cleveland&rft.au=Blackwell%2C+Earl&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3CvTAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-227"><a href="#cite_ref-227">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSons_of_the_American_Revolution1914" class="citation book cs1">Sons of the American Revolution (1914). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Ul8_AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA98">National Year Book</a>. Sons of the American Revolution. p. 98. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207135704/https://books.google.com/books?id=Ul8_AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA98#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 20, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=National+Year+Book&rft.pages=98&rft.pub=Sons+of+the+American+Revolution&rft.date=1914&rft.au=Sons+of+the+American+Revolution&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUl8_AQAAMAAJ%26pg%3DPA98&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-228"><a href="#cite_ref-228">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFM,_WC1915" class="citation journal cs1">M, WC (1915). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1098%2Frspb.1915.0016">"Obituary Notices of Fellows Deceased. A. C. L. G. Günther, 1830–1914"</a>. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B. 88 (608): xi–xxvi. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1098%2Frspb.1915.0016">10.1098/rspb.1915.0016</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Royal+Society+of+London+B&rft.atitle=Obituary+Notices+of+Fellows+Deceased.+A.+C.+L.+G.+G%C3%BCnther%2C+1830%E2%80%931914&rft.volume=88&rft.issue=608&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3Exi-%3C%2Fspan%3Exxvi&rft.date=1915&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1098%2Frspb.1915.0016&rft.au=M%2C+WC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1098%252Frspb.1915.0016&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-229"><a href="#cite_ref-229">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTelgen1993" class="citation book cs1">Telgen, Diane (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=a8nmnqDY_SkC">Something about the Author</a>. Cengage Gale. p. 232. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8103-2284-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8103-2284-4"><bdi>978-0-8103-2284-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207135710/https://books.google.com/books?id=a8nmnqDY_SkC">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 13, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Something+about+the+Author&rft.pages=232&rft.pub=Cengage+Gale&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-0-8103-2284-4&rft.aulast=Telgen&rft.aufirst=Diane&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Da8nmnqDY_SkC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-230"><a href="#cite_ref-230">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGrolier_Incorporated1996" class="citation book cs1">Grolier Incorporated (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RFANAQAAMAAJ">The Encyclopedia Americana</a>. Grolier Incorporated. p. 213. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7172-0130-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7172-0130-3"><bdi>978-0-7172-0130-3</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207135708/https://books.google.com/books?id=RFANAQAAMAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 17, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+Americana&rft.pages=213&rft.pub=Grolier+Incorporated&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-7172-0130-3&rft.au=Grolier+Incorporated&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRFANAQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-231"><a href="#cite_ref-231">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAmerican_Society_of_Mechanical_Engineers1927" class="citation book cs1">American Society of Mechanical Engineers (1927). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cWdbAAAAMAAJ">Year Book</a>. The Society. p. xcv.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Year+Book&rft.pages=xcv&rft.pub=The+Society&rft.date=1927&rft.au=American+Society+of+Mechanical+Engineers&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcWdbAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-232"><a href="#cite_ref-232">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKipling1990" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Rudyard_Kipling" title="Rudyard Kipling">Kipling, Rudyard</a> (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qC9wJMG0OBwC&pg=PA223">The Letters of Rudyard Kipling: 1911-19</a>. University of Iowa Press. p. 223. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87745-657-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87745-657-5"><bdi>978-0-87745-657-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Letters+of+Rudyard+Kipling%3A+1911-19&rft.pages=223&rft.pub=University+of+Iowa+Press&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0-87745-657-5&rft.aulast=Kipling&rft.aufirst=Rudyard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqC9wJMG0OBwC%26pg%3DPA223&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-233"><a href="#cite_ref-233">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCarnegie_Endowment_for_International_Peace1914" class="citation book cs1">Carnegie Endowment for International Peace (1914). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MWstAQAAMAAJ">Minutes of the Meetings of the Board of Trustees and Executive Committee</a>. The Endowment. p. 176.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Minutes+of+the+Meetings+of+the+Board+of+Trustees+and+Executive+Committee&rft.pages=176&rft.pub=The+Endowment&rft.date=1914&rft.au=Carnegie+Endowment+for+International+Peace&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMWstAQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-234"><a href="#cite_ref-234">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F70B16FD3A5B13738DDDA90A94DB405B848DF1D3">"Prof. G. Mercalli Burned To Death; Famous Director of Vesuvian Observatory Upsets Oil Lamp Upon Himself"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. March 20, 1914. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200124051647/https://www.nytimes.com/1914/03/20/archives/prof-g-mercalli-burned-to-death-famous-director-of-vesuvian.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 24, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Prof.+G.+Mercalli+Burned+To+Death%3B+Famous+Director+of+Vesuvian+Observatory+Upsets+Oil+Lamp+Upon+Himself&rft.date=1914-03-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fquery.nytimes.com%2Fgst%2Fabstract.html%3Fres%3DF70B16FD3A5B13738DDDA90A94DB405B848DF1D3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-235"><a href="#cite_ref-235">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Hozoywf3AlEC">Atlantic Brief Lives</a>. 1971. p. 532. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207140715/https://books.google.com/books?id=Hozoywf3AlEC">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 14, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Atlantic+Brief+Lives&rft.pages=532&rft.date=1971&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHozoywf3AlEC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-236"><a href="#cite_ref-236">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWachsmuth1955" class="citation book cs1">Wachsmuth, Guenther (1955). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mWrYAAAAMAAJ">The Life and Work of Rudolf Steiner from the Turn of the Century to His Death</a>. Whittier Books. p. 221. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-89345-249-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-89345-249-0"><bdi>978-0-89345-249-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207140721/https://books.google.com/books?id=mWrYAAAAMAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 14, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Life+and+Work+of+Rudolf+Steiner+from+the+Turn+of+the+Century+to+His+Death&rft.pages=221&rft.pub=Whittier+Books&rft.date=1955&rft.isbn=978-0-89345-249-0&rft.aulast=Wachsmuth&rft.aufirst=Guenther&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmWrYAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-237"><a href="#cite_ref-237">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJohn_Parker1967" class="citation book cs1">John Parker (1967). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=M7tZAAAAYAAJ">Who's who in the Theatre</a>. Pitman. p. 1640. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207150922/https://books.google.com/books?id=M7tZAAAAYAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 13, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Who%27s+who+in+the+Theatre&rft.pages=1640&rft.pub=Pitman&rft.date=1967&rft.au=John+Parker&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DM7tZAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-238"><a href="#cite_ref-238">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/eaton_edith_maud_14E.html">"Eaton, Edith Maud"</a>. Dictionary of Canadian Biography. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210731003530/http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/eaton_edith_maud_14E.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 31, 2021. Retrieved July 30, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Eaton%2C+Edith+Maud&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+Canadian+Biography&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biographi.ca%2Fen%2Fbio%2Featon_edith_maud_14E.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-239"><a href="#cite_ref-239">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCadwallader1974" class="citation journal cs1">Cadwallader, Thomas C. (1974). "Charles S. Peirce (1839–1914): The first American experimental psychologist". Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences. 10 (3): 291–8. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2F1520-6696%28197407%2910%3A3%3C291%3A%3AAID-JHBS2300100304%3E3.0.CO%3B2-N">10.1002/1520-6696(197407)10:3<291::AID-JHBS2300100304>3.0.CO;2-N</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11609224">11609224</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+History+of+the+Behavioral+Sciences&rft.atitle=Charles+S.+Peirce+%281839%E2%80%931914%29%3A+The+first+American+experimental+psychologist&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E291-%3C%2Fspan%3E8&rft.date=1974&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2F1520-6696%28197407%2910%3A3%3C291%3A%3AAID-JHBS2300100304%3E3.0.CO%3B2-N&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F11609224&rft.aulast=Cadwallader&rft.aufirst=Thomas+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-240"><a href="#cite_ref-240">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VIkqAQAAMAAJ">The Bay View Magazine</a>. J. M. Hall. 1914. p. 467. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207140823/https://books.google.com/books?id=VIkqAQAAMAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 15, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Bay+View+Magazine&rft.pages=467&rft.pub=J.+M.+Hall&rft.date=1914&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVIkqAQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-241"><a href="#cite_ref-241">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRayner-CanhamRayner-Canham1998" class="citation book cs1">Rayner-Canham, Marelene F.; Rayner-Canham, Geoffrey (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=S_NJ7AubQIcC&pg=PA61">Women in Chemistry: Their Changing Roles from Alchemical Times to the Mid-twentieth Century</a>. Chemical Heritage Foundation. p. 61. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-941901-27-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-941901-27-7"><bdi>978-0-941901-27-7</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207140719/https://books.google.com/books?id=S_NJ7AubQIcC&pg=PA61#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 21, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Women+in+Chemistry%3A+Their+Changing+Roles+from+Alchemical+Times+to+the+Mid-twentieth+Century&rft.pages=61&rft.pub=Chemical+Heritage+Foundation&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-941901-27-7&rft.aulast=Rayner-Canham&rft.aufirst=Marelene+F.&rft.au=Rayner-Canham%2C+Geoffrey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DS_NJ7AubQIcC%26pg%3DPA61&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-242"><a href="#cite_ref-242">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFInstitution_of_Electrical_Engineers1915" class="citation book cs1">Institution of Electrical Engineers (1915). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oshNdpQ3MrIC">Proceedings of the Institution of Electrical Engineers</a>. Institution of Electrical Engineers. p. 722. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207140719/https://books.google.com/books?id=oshNdpQ3MrIC">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 15, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Proceedings+of+the+Institution+of+Electrical+Engineers&rft.pages=722&rft.pub=Institution+of+Electrical+Engineers&rft.date=1915&rft.au=Institution+of+Electrical+Engineers&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DoshNdpQ3MrIC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-243"><a href="#cite_ref-243">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHammerton1975" class="citation book cs1">Hammerton, Sir John Alexander (1975). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7BsXAQAAIAAJ">Concise Universal Biography: A Dictionary of the Famous Men and Women of All Countries and All Times...</a> Gale Research Company. p. 1288. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8103-4209-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8103-4209-5"><bdi>978-0-8103-4209-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Concise+Universal+Biography%3A+A+Dictionary+of+the+Famous+Men+and+Women+of+All+Countries+and+All+Times...&rft.pages=1288&rft.pub=Gale+Research+Company&rft.date=1975&rft.isbn=978-0-8103-4209-5&rft.aulast=Hammerton&rft.aufirst=Sir+John+Alexander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7BsXAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-244"><a href="#cite_ref-244">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1EclAQAAMAAJ">New Perspectives</a>. Information Centre of the World Peace Council. 1983. p. 31. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207140732/https://books.google.com/books?id=1EclAQAAMAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 14, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=New+Perspectives&rft.pages=31&rft.pub=Information+Centre+of+the+World+Peace+Council&rft.date=1983&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1EclAQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-245"><a href="#cite_ref-245">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSnyder2009" class="citation book cs1">Snyder, Timothy (May 27, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jhHeeyp4d84C&pg=PA284">The Red Prince: The Fall of a Dynasty and the Rise of Modern Europe</a>. Random House. p. 284. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4070-2080-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4070-2080-8"><bdi>978-1-4070-2080-8</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231018232507/https://books.google.com/books?id=jhHeeyp4d84C&pg=PA284">Archived</a> from the original on October 18, 2023. Retrieved March 18, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Red+Prince%3A+The+Fall+of+a+Dynasty+and+the+Rise+of+Modern+Europe&rft.pages=284&rft.pub=Random+House&rft.date=2009-05-27&rft.isbn=978-1-4070-2080-8&rft.aulast=Snyder&rft.aufirst=Timothy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjhHeeyp4d84C%26pg%3DPA284&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-246"><a href="#cite_ref-246">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHill1973" class="citation book cs1">Hill, Cuthbert William (1973). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_2UJAQAAIAAJ">Joseph Chamberlain: An Illustrated Life of Joseph Chamberlain, 1836-1914</a>. Shire Publications. p. 45. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85263-174-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-85263-174-4"><bdi>978-0-85263-174-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207140724/https://books.google.com/books?id=_2UJAQAAIAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 17, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Joseph+Chamberlain%3A+An+Illustrated+Life+of+Joseph+Chamberlain%2C+1836-1914&rft.pages=45&rft.pub=Shire+Publications&rft.date=1973&rft.isbn=978-0-85263-174-4&rft.aulast=Hill&rft.aufirst=Cuthbert+William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_2UJAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-247"><a href="#cite_ref-247">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLiang2002" class="citation book cs1">Liang, Hsi-Huey (July 11, 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lM1kTJKKa4oC&pg=PA205">The Rise of Modern Police and the European State System from Metternich to the Second World War</a>. Cambridge University Press. p. 205. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-52287-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-52287-8"><bdi>978-0-521-52287-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Rise+of+Modern+Police+and+the+European+State+System+from+Metternich+to+the+Second+World+War&rft.pages=205&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2002-07-11&rft.isbn=978-0-521-52287-8&rft.aulast=Liang&rft.aufirst=Hsi-Huey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlM1kTJKKa4oC%26pg%3DPA205&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-248"><a href="#cite_ref-248">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFUnited_States._Naval_History_Division" class="citation book cs1">United States. Naval History Division. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=J-hHAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA346">Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships</a>. p. 346.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+American+Naval+Fighting+Ships&rft.pages=346&rft.au=United+States.+Naval+History+Division&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJ-hHAQAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPA346&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-249"><a href="#cite_ref-249">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fff.fr/equipe-nationale/joueur/7709-mercier-daniel/fiche.html">"Fédération Française de Football: Daniel Mercier"</a>. www.fff.fr. 2025. Retrieved April 3, 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.fff.fr&rft.atitle=F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration+Fran%C3%A7aise+de+Football%3A+Daniel+Mercier&rft.date=2025&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fff.fr%2Fequipe-nationale%2Fjoueur%2F7709-mercier-daniel%2Ffiche.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-250"><a href="#cite_ref-250">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bImRAAAAIAAJ">PN Review</a>. Department of English, University of Manchester. 1983. p. 12.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=PN+Review&rft.pages=12&rft.pub=Department+of+English%2C+University+of+Manchester&rft.date=1983&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbImRAAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-251"><a href="#cite_ref-251">^</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rodica_Zafiu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rodica Zafiu (page does not exist)">Rodica Zafiu</a>, "Demetriade Mircea", in Aurel Sasu (ed.), Dicționarul biografic al literaturii române, Vol. I, p. 471. Pitești: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Editura_Paralela_45&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Editura Paralela 45 (page does not exist)">Editura Paralela 45</a>, 2004. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/973-697-758-7" title="Special:BookSources/973-697-758-7">973-697-758-7</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-252"><a href="#cite_ref-252">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMagill1997" class="citation book cs1">Magill, Frank Northen (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gMg3AAAAMAAJ">Cyclopedia of World Authors</a>. Salem Press. p. 31. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-89356-435-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-89356-435-3"><bdi>978-0-89356-435-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cyclopedia+of+World+Authors&rft.pages=31&rft.pub=Salem+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-89356-435-3&rft.aulast=Magill&rft.aufirst=Frank+Northen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgMg3AAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-253"><a href="#cite_ref-253">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTorrey1998" class="citation book cs1">Torrey, Glenn E. (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gDpnAAAAMAAJ">Romania and World War I: A Collection of Studies</a>. Center for Romanian Studies. p. 65. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-973-98391-6-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-973-98391-6-7"><bdi>978-973-98391-6-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Romania+and+World+War+I%3A+A+Collection+of+Studies&rft.pages=65&rft.pub=Center+for+Romanian+Studies&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-973-98391-6-7&rft.aulast=Torrey&rft.aufirst=Glenn+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgDpnAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-254"><a href="#cite_ref-254">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHalpern2004" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Halpern, Paul G. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/32607">"Cradock, Sir Christopher George Francis Maurice (1862–1914), naval officer | Oxford Dictionary of National Biography"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography#Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="Dictionary of National Biography">Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</a> (online ed.). Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F32607">10.1093/ref:odnb/32607</a>. Retrieved June 29, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Cradock%2C+Sir+Christopher+George+Francis+Maurice+%281862%E2%80%931914%29%2C+naval+officer+%7C+Oxford+Dictionary+of+National+Biography&rft.btitle=Oxford+Dictionary+of+National+Biography&rft.edition=online&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F32607&rft.aulast=Halpern&rft.aufirst=Paul+G.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxforddnb.com%2Fview%2Farticle%2F32607&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> (Subscription or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxforddnb.com/help/subscribe#public">UK public library membership</a> required.) </li> <li id="cite_note-255"><a href="#cite_ref-255">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YC4iAQAAMAAJ&pg=RA6-PA2">Austrian Information</a>. Information Department of the Austrian Consulate General. 1987. p. 6.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Austrian+Information&rft.pages=6&rft.pub=Information+Department+of+the+Austrian+Consulate+General&rft.date=1987&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYC4iAQAAMAAJ%26pg%3DRA6-PA2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-256"><a href="#cite_ref-256">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VuFGAQAAIAAJ&pg=RA19-PA28">United States Congressional Serial Set</a>. U.S. Government Printing Office. 1915. p. 19.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=United+States+Congressional+Serial+Set&rft.pages=19&rft.pub=U.S.+Government+Printing+Office&rft.date=1915&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVuFGAQAAIAAJ%26pg%3DRA19-PA28&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-WDL-257"><a href="#cite_ref-WDL_257-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wdl.org/en/item/580/">"Rugby Union Footballers are Doing their Duty. Over 90% Have Enlisted. British Athletes! Will You Follow this Glorious Example?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/World_Digital_Library" title="World Digital Library">World Digital Library</a>. 1915. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131029191926/http://www.wdl.org/en/item/580/">Archived</a> from the original on October 29, 2013. Retrieved October 27, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+Digital+Library&rft.atitle=Rugby+Union+Footballers+are+Doing+their+Duty.+Over+90%25+Have+Enlisted.+British+Athletes%21+Will+You+Follow+this+Glorious+Example%3F&rft.date=1915&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wdl.org%2Fen%2Fitem%2F580%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-258"><a href="#cite_ref-258">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBerberian2001" class="citation book cs1">Berberian, Houri (2001). Armenians and the Iranian Constitutional Revolution of 1905-1911: 'The Love for Freedom Has No Fatherland'. Westview Press. p. 154.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Armenians+and+the+Iranian+Constitutional+Revolution+of+1905-1911%3A+%27The+Love+for+Freedom+Has+No+Fatherland%27&rft.pages=154&rft.pub=Westview+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.aulast=Berberian&rft.aufirst=Houri&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-259"><a href="#cite_ref-259">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFChemical_Society_(Great_Britain)1915" class="citation book cs1">Chemical Society (Great Britain) (1915). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FO44AAAAMAAJ">Journal of the Chemical Society</a>. The Society. p. 582. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207141253/https://books.google.com/books?id=FO44AAAAMAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 14, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Journal+of+the+Chemical+Society&rft.pages=582&rft.pub=The+Society&rft.date=1915&rft.au=Chemical+Society+%28Great+Britain%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFO44AAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-260"><a href="#cite_ref-260">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRoosevelt1954" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Theodore Roosevelt">Roosevelt, Theodore</a> (1954). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=y1euAAAAIAAJ">1914-1919</a>. Harvard University Press. p. 861. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207141254/https://books.google.com/books?id=y1euAAAAIAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved May 1, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=1914-1919&rft.pages=861&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=1954&rft.aulast=Roosevelt&rft.aufirst=Theodore&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dy1euAAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-261"><a href="#cite_ref-261">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHitlerDomarus1990" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Hitler, Adolf</a>; Domarus, Max (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GF4TAQAAMAAJ">Speeches and Proclamations, 1932-1945: The years 1939 to 1940</a>. Bolchazy-Carducci. p. 2285. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-86516-230-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-86516-230-3"><bdi>978-0-86516-230-3</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207141307/https://books.google.com/books?id=GF4TAQAAMAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved May 1, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Speeches+and+Proclamations%2C+1932-1945%3A+The+years+1939+to+1940&rft.pages=2285&rft.pub=Bolchazy-Carducci&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0-86516-230-3&rft.aulast=Hitler&rft.aufirst=Adolf&rft.au=Domarus%2C+Max&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGF4TAQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-262"><a href="#cite_ref-262">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qV_kAAAAMAAJ">Modern Music and Musicians for Vocalists: Opera and oratorio excerpts</a>. University Society. 1918. p. 653. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207141254/https://books.google.com/books?id=qV_kAAAAMAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 15, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Modern+Music+and+Musicians+for+Vocalists%3A+Opera+and+oratorio+excerpts&rft.pages=653&rft.pub=University+Society&rft.date=1918&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqV_kAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-263"><a href="#cite_ref-263">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2vfTAAAAMAAJ">New Zealand Slavonic Journal</a>. Department of Russian, Victoria University of Wellington. 1978. p. 7. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207141309/https://books.google.com/books?id=2vfTAAAAMAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 15, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=New+Zealand+Slavonic+Journal&rft.pages=7&rft.pub=Department+of+Russian%2C+Victoria+University+of+Wellington&rft.date=1978&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2vfTAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-264"><a href="#cite_ref-264">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFthis_Day" class="citation news cs1">this Day. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/bday/0421.html">"Obituary: John Muir"</a>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060509011222/http://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/bday/0421.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 9, 2006. Retrieved April 23, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Obituary%3A+John+Muir&rft.au=this+Day&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Flearning%2Fgeneral%2Fonthisday%2Fbday%2F0421.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1914" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Primary_sources_and_year_books">Primary sources and year books</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1914&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: Primary sources and year books">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/NewInternationalYearBookFor1914">New International Year Book 1914</a>, Comprehensive coverage of world and national affairs, 913pp</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1914&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Beatty, Jack. The Lost History of 1914: Reconsidering the Year the Great War Began (1912) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/Lost-History-1914-Reconsidering-Great/dp/0802778119/">excerpt</a>; argues the war was not inevitable</li> <li>Gilbert, Martin. A History of the Twentieth Century: Volume 1 1900-1933 (1997); global coverage of politics, diplomacy and warfare; pp 297–349; emphasis on World War I</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1914&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735" /><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikiquote-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/40px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/60px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/120px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/1914" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/1914">1914</a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theeuropeanlibrary.org/tel4/newspapers/search?query=&decade=1910-1919&year=1914">European newspapers from 1914</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Events_by_month145" style="width:40em;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Events_by_month_links" title="Template:Events by month links"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Events_by_month_links" title="Template talk:Events by month links"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Events_by_month_links" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Events by month links"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Events_by_month145" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Events by month</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/1918" title="1918">1918</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_1918" title="January 1918">Jan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_1918" title="February 1918">Feb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_1918" title="March 1918">Mar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_1918" title="April 1918">Apr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_1918" title="May 1918">May</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_1918" title="June 1918">Jun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_1918" title="July 1918">Jul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_1918" title="August 1918">Aug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_1918" title="September 1918">Sep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_1918" title="October 1918">Oct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_1918" title="November 1918">Nov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_1918" title="December 1918">Dec</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/1917" title="1917">1917</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_1917" title="January 1917">Jan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_1917" title="February 1917">Feb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_1917" title="March 1917">Mar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_1917" title="April 1917">Apr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_1917" title="May 1917">May</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_1917" title="June 1917">Jun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_1917" title="July 1917">Jul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_1917" title="August 1917">Aug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_1917" title="September 1917">Sep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_1917" title="October 1917">Oct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_1917" title="November 1917">Nov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_1917" title="December 1917">Dec</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/1916" title="1916">1916</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_1916" title="January 1916">Jan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_1916" title="February 1916">Feb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_1916" title="March 1916">Mar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_1916" title="April 1916">Apr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_1916" title="May 1916">May</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_1916" title="June 1916">Jun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_1916" title="July 1916">Jul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_1916" title="August 1916">Aug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_1916" title="September 1916">Sep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_1916" title="October 1916">Oct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_1916" title="November 1916">Nov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_1916" title="December 1916">Dec</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/1915" title="1915">1915</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_1915" title="January 1915">Jan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_1915" title="February 1915">Feb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_1915" title="March 1915">Mar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_1915" title="April 1915">Apr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_1915" title="May 1915">May</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_1915" title="June 1915">Jun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_1915" title="July 1915">Jul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_1915" title="August 1915">Aug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_1915" title="September 1915">Sep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_1915" title="October 1915">Oct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_1915" title="November 1915">Nov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_1915" title="December 1915">Dec</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">1914</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_1914" title="January 1914">Jan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_1914" title="February 1914">Feb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_1914" title="March 1914">Mar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_1914" title="April 1914">Apr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_1914" title="May 1914">May</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_1914" title="June 1914">Jun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_1914" title="July 1914">Jul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_1914" title="August 1914">Aug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_1914" title="September 1914">Sep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_1914" title="October 1914">Oct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_1914" title="November 1914">Nov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_1914" title="December 1914">Dec</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/1913" title="1913">1913</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_1913" title="January 1913">Jan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_1913" title="February 1913">Feb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_1913" title="March 1913">Mar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_1913" title="April 1913">Apr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_1913" title="May 1913">May</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_1913" title="June 1913">Jun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_1913" title="July 1913">Jul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_1913" title="August 1913">Aug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_1913_(month)" title="September 1913 (month)">Sep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_1913" title="October 1913">Oct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_1913" title="November 1913">Nov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_1913" title="December 1913">Dec</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/1912" title="1912">1912</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_1912" title="January 1912">Jan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_1912" title="February 1912">Feb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_1912" title="March 1912">Mar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_1912" title="April 1912">Apr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_1912" title="May 1912">May</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_1912" title="June 1912">Jun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_1912" title="July 1912">Jul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_1912" title="August 1912">Aug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_1912" title="September 1912">Sep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_1912" title="October 1912">Oct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_1912" title="November 1912">Nov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_1912" title="December 1912">Dec</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/1911" title="1911">1911</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_1911" title="January 1911">Jan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_1911" title="February 1911">Feb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_1911" title="March 1911">Mar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_1911" title="April 1911">Apr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_1911" title="May 1911">May</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_1911" title="June 1911">Jun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_1911" title="July 1911">Jul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_1911" title="August 1911">Aug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_1911" title="September 1911">Sep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_1911" title="October 1911">Oct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_1911" title="November 1911">Nov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_1911" title="December 1911">Dec</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/1910" title="1910">1910</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_1910" title="January 1910">Jan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_1910" title="February 1910">Feb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_1910" title="March 1910">Mar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_1910" title="April 1910">Apr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_1910" title="May 1910">May</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_1910" title="June 1910">Jun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_1910" title="July 1910">Jul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_1910" title="August 1910">Aug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_1910" title="September 1910">Sep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_1910" title="October 1910">Oct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_1910" title="November 1910">Nov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_1910" title="December 1910">Dec</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/1909" title="1909">1909</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_1909" title="January 1909">Jan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_1909" title="February 1909">Feb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_1909" title="March 1909">Mar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_1909" title="April 1909">Apr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_1909" title="May 1909">May</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_1909" title="June 1909">Jun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_1909" title="July 1909">Jul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_1909" title="August 1909">Aug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_1909" title="September 1909">Sep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_1909" title="October 1909">Oct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_1909" title="November 1909">Nov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_1909" title="December 1909">Dec</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox640" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2083#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh2005000813">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ch967345&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007539791205171">Israel</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://auth.wikimedia.org/loginwiki/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1914&oldid=1284468434">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1914&oldid=1284468434</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Category</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1914" title="Category:1914">1914</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_dead_external_links" title="Category:All articles with dead external links">All articles with dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_November_2024" title="Category:Articles with dead external links from November 2024">Articles with dead external links from November 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Norwegian-language_sources_(no)" title="Category:CS1 Norwegian-language sources (no)">CS1 Norwegian-language sources (no)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_others" title="Category:CS1 maint: others">CS1 maint: others</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Spanish-language_sources_(es)" title="Category:CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)">CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_incorporating_a_citation_from_the_ODNB" title="Category:Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the ODNB">Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the ODNB</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_cite_ODNB_with_id_parameter" title="Category:Pages using cite ODNB with id parameter">Pages using cite ODNB with id parameter</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Bengali-language_sources_(bn)" title="Category:CS1 Bengali-language sources (bn)">CS1 Bengali-language sources (bn)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Dutch-language_sources_(nl)" title="Category:CS1 Dutch-language sources (nl)">CS1 Dutch-language sources (nl)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_mdy_dates_from_March_2011" title="Category:Use mdy dates from March 2011">Use mdy dates from March 2011</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link from Wikidata">Commons category link from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Latin-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Latin-language text">Articles containing Latin-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_November_2024" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from November 2024">Articles with unsourced statements from November 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_April_2025" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from April 2025">Articles with unsourced statements from April 2025</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_November_2024" title="Category:Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from November 2024">Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from November 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_November_2019" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from November 2019">Articles with unsourced statements from November 2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_April_2021" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from April 2021">Articles with unsourced statements from April 2021</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 7 April 2025, at 19:28 (UTC).</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1914&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://www.wikimedia.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia.svg" width="25" height="25" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" lang="en" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"> Search </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia"> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" >1914</div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"> 197 languages </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"> Add topic </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-dock-bottom emptyPortlet" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul> </ul> </div> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-85bfcffb59-m5qlk","wgBackendResponseTime":369,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"4.017","walltime":"4.451","ppvisitednodes":{"value":77341,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":1193934,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":180258,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":23,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":205,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":966255,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":500},"timingprofile":["100.00% 3805.145 1 -total"," 43.89% 1670.264 295 Template:Citation_needed"," 35.76% 1360.723 298 Template:Fix"," 32.85% 1250.076 1 Template:Reflist"," 20.77% 790.250 180 Template:Cite_book"," 13.19% 501.917 298 Template:Delink"," 12.42% 472.513 596 Template:Category_handler"," 4.74% 180.535 57 Template:Cite_web"," 4.56% 173.348 1 Template:C20_year_in_topic"," 3.36% 127.699 1 Template:Year_nav"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"2.372","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":20660200,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-db8d5574c-nm8k7","timestamp":"20250408170455","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"1914","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1914","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q2083","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q2083","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2001-10-15T04:57:08Z","dateModified":"2025-04-07T19:28:17Z","headline":"year"}</script> </body> </html>