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<span>Description</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Description-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Flora_and_fauna" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Flora_and_fauna"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Flora and fauna</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Flora_and_fauna-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ecology_and_protection" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ecology_and_protection"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Ecology and protection</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ecology_and_protection-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-National_parks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National_parks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>National parks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National_parks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " 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Available in 39 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-39" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">39 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%88%D8%B6_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%88%D9%86%D8%BA%D9%88" title="حوض الكونغو – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حوض الكونغو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konqo_%C3%A7%C3%B6k%C9%99kliyi" title="Konqo çökəkliyi – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Konqo çökəkliyi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D1%83%D0%B9%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%93%D1%8B" title="Конго уйпатлығы – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Конго уйпатлығы" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Упадзіна Конга – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Упадзіна Конга" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conca_del_Congo" title="Conca del Congo – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Conca del Congo" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Povod%C3%AD_Konga" title="Povodí Konga – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Povodí Konga" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kongobecken" title="Kongobecken – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kongobecken" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kongo_n%C3%B5gu" title="Kongo nõgu – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kongo nõgu" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuenca_del_Congo" title="Cuenca del Congo – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cuenca del Congo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kongo-baseno" title="Kongo-baseno – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kongo-baseno" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%88%D8%B6%D9%87_%DA%A9%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%88" title="حوضه کنگو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="حوضه کنگو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kongol%C3%A6gdin" title="Kongolægdin – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Kongolægdin" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bassin_du_Congo" title="Bassin du Congo – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Bassin du Congo" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%BD%A9%EA%B3%A0_%EB%B6%84%EC%A7%80" title="콩고 분지 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="콩고 분지" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kongo_Basin" title="Kongo Basin – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Kongo Basin" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%80" title="कांगो द्रोणी – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कांगो द्रोणी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cekungan_Kongo" title="Cekungan Kongo – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Cekungan Kongo" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacino_del_fiume_Congo" title="Bacino del fiume Congo – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Bacino del fiume Congo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%92%D7%9F_%D7%94%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%95" title="אגן הקונגו – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אגן הקונגו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A6%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="კონგოს ღრმული – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კონგოს ღრმული" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Конго ойысы – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Конго ойысы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%B4%D1%83%D2%A3%D1%83" title="Конго ойдуңу – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Конго ойдуңу" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kongo_ieplaka" title="Kongo ieplaka – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kongo ieplaka" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kongo_baseinas" title="Kongo baseinas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kongo baseinas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kong%C3%B3-medence" title="Kongó-medence – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kongó-medence" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kongobekken" title="Kongobekken – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kongobekken" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B3%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B4%E7%9B%86%E5%9C%B0" title="コンゴ盆地 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="コンゴ盆地" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kongobassenget" title="Kongobassenget – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kongobassenget" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kotlina_Konga" title="Kotlina Konga – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kotlina Konga" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacia_do_Congo" title="Bacia do Congo – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Bacia do Congo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BE" title="Впадина Конго – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Впадина Конго" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kon%C5%BEsk%C3%A1_panva" title="Konžská panva – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Konžská panva" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kongon_allas" title="Kongon allas – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kongon allas" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kongob%C3%A4ckenet" title="Kongobäckenet – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kongobäckenet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B8%D2%A3%D0%BA%D2%AF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B5" title="Конго иңкүлеге – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Конго иңкүлеге" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kongo_Havzas%C4%B1" title="Kongo Havzası – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kongo Havzası" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BE" title="Синекліза Конго – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Синекліза Конго" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%88_%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%B3" title="کانگو طاس – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کانگو طاس" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%88%9A%E6%9E%9C%E7%9B%86%E5%9C%B0" title="刚果盆地 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="刚果盆地" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q932289#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li 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href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Congo_Basin&params=0.0000_N_22.0000_E_source:wikidata"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">0°00′00″N</span> <span class="longitude">22°00′00″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">0.0000°N 22.0000°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">0.0000; 22.0000</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Sedimentary basin of the Congo River in Central Africa</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Congo_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Congo (disambiguation)">Congo (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Congobasinmap.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Congobasinmap.png/330px-Congobasinmap.png" decoding="async" width="330" height="329" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Congobasinmap.png/495px-Congobasinmap.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Congobasinmap.png/660px-Congobasinmap.png 2x" data-file-width="3007" data-file-height="2996" /></a><figcaption>Course and drainage basin of the Congo River</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Congo Basin</b> (<a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: <i lang="fr">Bassin du Congo</i>) is the <a href="/wiki/Sedimentary_basin" title="Sedimentary basin">sedimentary basin</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Congo_River" title="Congo River">Congo River</a>. The Congo Basin is located in <a href="/wiki/Central_Africa" title="Central Africa">Central Africa</a>, in a region known as west <a href="/wiki/Equator" title="Equator">equatorial</a> Africa. The Congo Basin region is sometimes known simply as <b>the Congo</b>. It contains some of the largest tropical rainforests in the world and is an important source of water used in agriculture and energy generation.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Congolian_rainforests" title="Congolian rainforests">rainforest in the Congo Basin</a> is the largest rainforest in Africa and second only to the <a href="/wiki/Amazon_rainforest" title="Amazon rainforest">Amazon rainforest</a> in size, with 300 million hectares compared to the 800 million hectares in the Amazon.<sup id="cite_ref-FAO_2011_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FAO_2011-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Because of its size and diversity the basin's forest is important for <a href="/wiki/Climate_change_mitigation" title="Climate change mitigation">mitigating climate change</a> in its role as a <a href="/wiki/Carbon_sink" title="Carbon sink">carbon sink</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pulitzercenter.org_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pulitzercenter.org-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, <a href="/wiki/Deforestation_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Deforestation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">deforestation</a> and degradation of the ecology by the <a href="/wiki/Effects_of_climate_change" title="Effects of climate change">impacts of climate change</a> may increase stress on the forest ecosystem, in turn making the hydrology of the basin more variable.<sup id="cite_ref-pulitzercenter.org_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pulitzercenter.org-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A 2012 study found that the <a href="/wiki/Climate_variability_and_change" title="Climate variability and change">variability in precipitation caused by climate change</a> will negatively affect economic activity in the basin.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Eight sites of the Congo Basin are inscribed on the <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage List</a>, five being also on the <a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_in_Danger" title="List of World Heritage in Danger">list of World Heritage in Danger</a> (all five located in <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a>). Fourteen percent of the humid forest is designated as protected.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geology">Geology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Congo_Basin&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Geology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Congo Basin is a large <a href="/wiki/Depression_(geology)" title="Depression (geology)">depression</a> within the <a href="/wiki/Congo_Craton" title="Congo Craton">Congo Craton</a>, making it a patch of relatively recent (<a href="/wiki/Phanerozoic" title="Phanerozoic">Phanerozoic</a>-aged, and mostly <a href="/wiki/Mesozoic" title="Mesozoic">Mesozoic</a> & onwards) sedimentary rock within a large, otherwise extremely ancient (<a href="/wiki/Archean" title="Archean">Archean</a>-aged) piece of exposed continental crust. The deformation of the Craton began as early as the late <a href="/wiki/Cambrian" title="Cambrian">Cambrian</a> or early <a href="/wiki/Ordovician" title="Ordovician">Ordovician</a> and continued over the <a href="/wiki/Paleozoic" title="Paleozoic">Paleozoic</a>, but the deformation over this period led to rapid erosion of much of this Paleozoic rock, creating a large <a href="/wiki/Unconformity" title="Unconformity">unconformity</a>. Sediment started to rapidly accumulate in the basin from the Mesozoic (<a href="/wiki/Triassic" title="Triassic">Triassic</a>) up to the present day.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Deposits throughout the <a href="/wiki/Jurassic" title="Jurassic">Jurassic</a> suggest the presence of a freshwater, <a href="/wiki/Lake" title="Lake">lacustrine</a> habitat in the basin, and this continued into the <a href="/wiki/Early_Cretaceous" title="Early Cretaceous">Early Cretaceous</a>. By the start of the <a href="/wiki/Late_Cretaceous" title="Late Cretaceous">Late Cretaceous</a>, a connection with the <a href="/wiki/Trans-Saharan_seaway" title="Trans-Saharan seaway">Trans-Saharan seaway</a> led to a significant <a href="/wiki/Marine_transgression" title="Marine transgression">marine incursion</a> into the basin (evidence of an earlier, <a href="/wiki/Late_Jurassic" title="Late Jurassic">Late Jurassic</a> marine intrusion is disputed), causing it to serve as a connection between the southern <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic Ocean</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Tethys_Ocean" title="Tethys Ocean">Tethys Ocean</a>. Many of the formations deposited by these freshwater and marine habitats are rich in pollen, invertebrate, and vertebrate (primarily fish) <a href="/wiki/Fossil" title="Fossil">fossils</a>. <a href="/wiki/Volcanic_pipe" title="Volcanic pipe">Kimberlite pipes</a> that are thought to have formed during the Cretaceous, possibly due to a shock from a sudden decrease in the rate of <a href="/wiki/Seafloor_spreading" title="Seafloor spreading">seafloor spreading</a> of the southern <a href="/wiki/Mid-Atlantic_Ridge" title="Mid-Atlantic Ridge">Mid-Atlantic Ridge</a>, are the source of the region's famous <a href="/wiki/Diamond" title="Diamond">diamonds</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By the <a href="/wiki/Cenozoic" title="Cenozoic">Cenozoic</a>, an uplift in the borders of the <a href="/wiki/Cuvette_Centrale" title="Cuvette Centrale">Cuvette Centrale</a> had blocked any further marine connections. During the <a href="/wiki/Paleogene" title="Paleogene">Paleogene</a>, high rainfall turned the basin into a series of marshy ponds and swamps. A shift to more arid conditions with seasonal droughts occurred with the start of the <a href="/wiki/Neogene" title="Neogene">Neogene</a>. Later in the Neogene, a sudden shift to <a href="/wiki/Fluvial_sediment_processes" title="Fluvial sediment processes">fluvial</a> deposits suggests a dramatic return to wetter conditions.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The following sedimentary geological formations have been deposited in the basin:<sup id="cite_ref-:3_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Late <a href="/wiki/Carboniferous" title="Carboniferous">Carboniferous</a>/<a href="/wiki/Permian" title="Permian">Permian</a> - <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lukuga_Formation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lukuga Formation (page does not exist)">Lukuga Formation</a> (part of the <a href="/wiki/Lower_Karoo_Group" title="Lower Karoo Group">Lower Karoo</a>)</li> <li>Early Triassic to Early Jurassic - <a href="/w/index.php?title=Haute_Lueki_Formation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Haute Lueki Formation (page does not exist)">Haute Lueki Formation</a> (part of <a href="/wiki/Upper_Karoo_Group" title="Upper Karoo Group">Upper Karoo</a>)</li> <li>Late Jurassic - <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stanleyville_Formation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stanleyville Formation (page does not exist)">Stanleyville Formation</a></li> <li>Early Cretaceous - <a href="/w/index.php?title=Loia_Formation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Loia Formation (page does not exist)">Loia Formation</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kamina_Series&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kamina Series (page does not exist)">Kamina Series</a></li> <li>Late Cretaceous - <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bokungu_Formation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bokungu Formation (page does not exist)">Bokungu Formation</a>, Kwango Series (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nsele_Group&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nsele Group (page does not exist)">Nsele Group</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Inzia_Group&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Inzia Group (page does not exist)">Inzia Group</a>)</li> <li>Paleogene - <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kwango_Formation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kwango Formation (page does not exist)">Kwango Formation</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalahari_System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kalahari System (page does not exist)">Kalahari System</a>, Sables Bateke Series</li> <li>Neogene - <a href="/w/index.php?title=Limons_Series&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Limons Series (page does not exist)">Limons Series</a>, Kalahari System, Sables Bateke Series</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Congo_Basin&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Congo_River" title="Congo River">Congo River</a></div><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CongoLualaba_watershed_plain_political.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/CongoLualaba_watershed_plain_political.png/260px-CongoLualaba_watershed_plain_political.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="216" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/CongoLualaba_watershed_plain_political.png/390px-CongoLualaba_watershed_plain_political.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/CongoLualaba_watershed_plain_political.png/520px-CongoLualaba_watershed_plain_political.png 2x" data-file-width="1150" data-file-height="956" /></a><figcaption>Course and drainage basin of the Congo River with countries marked</figcaption></figure> <p>Congo is a traditional name for the equatorial Middle Africa that lies between the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Guinea" title="Gulf of Guinea">Gulf of Guinea</a> and the <a href="/wiki/African_Great_Lakes" title="African Great Lakes">African Great Lakes</a>. The basin begins in the highlands of the <a href="/wiki/East_African_Rift" title="East African Rift">East African Rift</a> system with input from the <a href="/wiki/Chambeshi_River" title="Chambeshi River">Chambeshi</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Uele_River" title="Uele River">Uele</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ubangi_River" title="Ubangi River">Ubangi rivers</a> in the upper reaches and the <a href="/wiki/Lualaba_River" title="Lualaba River">Lualaba River</a> draining wetlands in the middle reaches. Because of the young age and active uplift of the <a href="/wiki/East_African_Rift" title="East African Rift">East African Rift</a> at the <a href="/wiki/River_source" title="River source">headwaters</a>, the river's yearly sediment load is very large, but the <a href="/wiki/Drainage_basin" title="Drainage basin">drainage basin</a> occupies large areas of low relief throughout much of its area.<sup id="cite_ref-McDonald2005_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McDonald2005-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is delineated largely by <a href="/wiki/Swell_(geology)" title="Swell (geology)">swells</a> including the Bie, Mayumbe, Adamlia, <a href="/wiki/Congo-Nile_Divide" class="mw-redirect" title="Congo-Nile Divide">Nil-Congo</a>, East African, and Zambian Swells.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Isangi_people_living_off_the_river.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Isangi_people_living_off_the_river.jpg/220px-Isangi_people_living_off_the_river.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Isangi_people_living_off_the_river.jpg/330px-Isangi_people_living_off_the_river.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Isangi_people_living_off_the_river.jpg/440px-Isangi_people_living_off_the_river.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Isangi" title="Isangi">Isangi</a> people living on the <a href="/wiki/Congo_River" title="Congo River">Congo River</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The basin ends where the river empties into the Gulf of Guinea on the Atlantic Ocean. The basin is a total of 3.7 million square kilometers and is home to some of the largest undisturbed stands of <a href="/wiki/Tropical_rainforest" title="Tropical rainforest">tropical rainforest</a> on the planet, in addition to large wetlands. </p><p> Countries wholly or partially in the Congo region:<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style></p><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angola" title="Angola">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burundi" title="Burundi">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cameroon" title="Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_African_Republic" title="Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Republic of the Congo">Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zambia" title="Zambia">Zambia</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Congo_Basin&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Pre-colonial_history_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Pre-colonial history of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Pre-colonial history of the Democratic Republic of the Congo</a>, <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Congo_River" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the Congo River">History of the Congo River</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Colonization_of_the_Congo_Basin" title="Colonization of the Congo Basin">Colonization of the Congo Basin</a></div> <p>The first inhabitants of the Congo Basin area were believed to be <a href="/wiki/African_Pygmies" title="African Pygmies">pygmies</a>, and at that time, the dense forests and wet climate kept the population of the region low, with the prevention of <a href="/wiki/Hunter-gatherer" title="Hunter-gatherer">hunter-gatherer</a> society, whose remnants of their culture survive to the present day. Eventually <a href="/wiki/Bantu_peoples" title="Bantu peoples">Bantu peoples</a> <a href="/wiki/Bantu_expansion" title="Bantu expansion">migrated</a> there and founded the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kongo" title="Kingdom of Kongo">Kingdom of Kongo</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Belgian_colonial_empire" title="Belgian colonial empire">Belgium</a>, <a href="/wiki/French_colonial_empire" title="French colonial empire">France</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Empire" title="Portuguese Empire">Portugal</a> later established <a href="/wiki/Colonisation_of_Africa" title="Colonisation of Africa">colonial control</a> over the entire region by the late 19th century. The General Act of the <a href="/wiki/Berlin_Conference" title="Berlin Conference">Berlin Conference</a> of 1885 gave a precise definition to the "conventional basin" of the Congo, which included the entire actual basin plus some other areas. The General Act bound its signatories to neutrality within the conventional basin, but this was not respected during the <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">First World War</a>. </p><p> The <a href="/wiki/World_Resources_Institute" title="World Resources Institute">World Resources Institute</a> estimated that 80 million people live in and around the Congo Basin.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Living_on_the_rainforest.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Living_on_the_rainforest.jpg/220px-Living_on_the_rainforest.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Living_on_the_rainforest.jpg/330px-Living_on_the_rainforest.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Living_on_the_rainforest.jpg/440px-Living_on_the_rainforest.jpg 2x" data-file-width="958" data-file-height="636" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Aka_people" title="Aka people">Pygmy</a> hunter-gatherers in the Central African Republic.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Climate">Climate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Congo_Basin&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Congo Basin is a globally important climatic region with annual rainfall of between 1500 and 2000 mm. It is one of three hotspots of deep convection (<a href="/wiki/Thunderstorms" class="mw-redirect" title="Thunderstorms">thunderstorms</a>) in the tropics, the other two being over the Maritime continent and the <a href="/wiki/Amazon_rainforest" title="Amazon rainforest">Amazon</a>. These three regions together drive the <a href="/wiki/Hadley_cell" title="Hadley cell">climate circulation of the tropics</a> and beyond. The Congo Basin has the highest <a href="/wiki/Lightning" title="Lightning">lightning</a> strike frequency of anywhere on the planet.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The high rainfall supports the second largest <a href="/wiki/Rainforest" title="Rainforest">rainforest</a> on Earth, which is a globally significant carbon sink<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and an important component of the global <a href="/wiki/Carbon_cycle" title="Carbon cycle">carbon cycle</a>. </p><p>Averaged across the whole basin, there are two major rainfall seasons in March to May and September to November. In both hemispheres the rainfall maximises in September to November, at above 210 mm per month. In northern hemisphere winter, rainfall is relatively low to the north of the equator (<80 mm per month). In southern hemisphere winter, rainfall is instead lower to the south of the equator (<80 mm per month). The annual rhythm of the wind systems which carry water vapour account for the rainfall seasonality. Much of the rainfall is derived from large <a href="/wiki/Mesoscale_convective_system" title="Mesoscale convective system">Mesoscale convective systems</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-doi.org_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-doi.org-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The systems last over 11 hours on average and have a mean size exceeding 500 km2 in some parts of the Congo Basin.<sup id="cite_ref-doi.org_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-doi.org-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:LukenieRiver.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/LukenieRiver.jpg/220px-LukenieRiver.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/LukenieRiver.jpg/330px-LukenieRiver.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/LukenieRiver.jpg/440px-LukenieRiver.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption>Aerial view of the <a href="/wiki/Lukenie_River" title="Lukenie River">Lukenie River</a> as it meanders through the <a href="/wiki/Central_Congolian_lowland_forests" title="Central Congolian lowland forests">Central Congolian lowland forests</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Temperatures in the Congo Basin (usually between 20 and 30 °C) are lower than in the African desert regions to the north (<a href="/wiki/The_Sahara" class="mw-redirect" title="The Sahara">The Sahara</a>) and to the south (<a href="/wiki/Kalahari_Desert" title="Kalahari Desert">Kalahari</a>). The differences in temperature between the deserts and the Congo Basin is important for driving wind systems known as <a href="/wiki/African_easterly_jet" title="African easterly jet">African easterly jets</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which affect climate and weather in the <a href="/wiki/Sahel" title="Sahel">Sahel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Southern_Africa" title="Southern Africa">Southern Africa</a>. </p><p>Future climate projections indicate that the region will get hotter in response to global climate change.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is more uncertainty over how average rainfall in the region will change, with the climate models used by the <a href="/wiki/Intergovernmental_Panel_on_Climate_Change" title="Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change">Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change</a> (IPCC) disagreeing on core elements of the rainfall distribution in the region. While the average rainfall change is uncertain,<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it is likely that extreme rainfall events will become more extreme owing to the increases in water vapour in the atmosphere. </p><p>Owing to the global climatic importance of the Congo Basin, it has been suggested that, along with the Amazon, severe changes in the rainfall or climate of the Congo Rainforest could act as a '<a href="/wiki/Tipping_points_in_the_climate_system" title="Tipping points in the climate system">tipping point</a>', with widespread impacts on the Earth System.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Flora_and_fauna">Flora and fauna</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Congo_Basin&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Flora and fauna"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> The Congo forest is home to the <a href="/wiki/Okapi" title="Okapi">okapi</a>, <a href="/wiki/African_forest_elephant" title="African forest elephant">African forest elephant</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pygmy_hippopotamus" title="Pygmy hippopotamus">pygmy hippopotamus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bongo_(antelope)" title="Bongo (antelope)">bongo (antelope)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chimpanzee" title="Chimpanzee">chimpanzee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bonobo" title="Bonobo">bonobo</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Congo_peafowl" title="Congo peafowl">Congo peafowl</a>. Its apex predator is the <a href="/wiki/Leopard" title="Leopard">Leopard</a>, which are larger than their savannah counterparts due to lack of competition from other large predators. The basin is home to the endangered <a href="/wiki/Western_lowland_gorilla" title="Western lowland gorilla">western lowland gorilla</a>. In 2010, the United Nations Environment Programme warned that gorillas could be extinct from the greater Congo Basin in a matter of 15 years.</p><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gorilla_gorilla04.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Western lowland gorilla"><img alt="Western lowland gorilla" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Gorilla_gorilla04.jpg/179px-Gorilla_gorilla04.jpg" decoding="async" width="179" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Gorilla_gorilla04.jpg/268px-Gorilla_gorilla04.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Gorilla_gorilla04.jpg/358px-Gorilla_gorilla04.jpg 2x" data-file-width="763" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Western_lowland_gorilla" title="Western lowland gorilla">Western lowland gorilla</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Loxodontacyclotis.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="African forest elephant"><img alt="African forest elephant" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Loxodontacyclotis.jpg/180px-Loxodontacyclotis.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Loxodontacyclotis.jpg/270px-Loxodontacyclotis.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Loxodontacyclotis.jpg/360px-Loxodontacyclotis.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3543" data-file-height="2362" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/African_forest_elephant" title="African forest elephant">African forest elephant</a></div> </li> </ul><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rainforest_-_Ituri_(20874628148).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Rainforest_-_Ituri_%2820874628148%29.jpg/220px-Rainforest_-_Ituri_%2820874628148%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Rainforest_-_Ituri_%2820874628148%29.jpg/330px-Rainforest_-_Ituri_%2820874628148%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Rainforest_-_Ituri_%2820874628148%29.jpg/440px-Rainforest_-_Ituri_%2820874628148%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5760" data-file-height="3840" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ituri_Rainforest" title="Ituri Rainforest">Ituri Rainforest</a></figcaption></figure><p>The Congo Basin is the largest forest in Africa. More than 10,000 plant species can be found in and around the forest.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The humid forests cover 1.6 million km².<sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Congo Basin is an important source of <a href="/wiki/African_teak" title="African teak">African teak</a>, used for building furniture and flooring. An estimated 40 million people depend on these woodlands, surviving on traditional livelihoods. </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ecology_and_protection">Ecology and protection</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Congo_Basin&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Ecology and protection"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Congo_Basin_Forest_Partnership" title="Congo Basin Forest Partnership">Congo Basin Forest Partnership</a> and <a href="/wiki/Deforestation_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Deforestation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Deforestation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></div> <p>At a global level, Congo's forests act as the planet's second lung, counterpart to the rapidly dwindling Amazon. They are a huge "<a href="/wiki/Carbon_sink" title="Carbon sink">carbon sink</a>", trapping carbon that could otherwise remain carbon dioxide. The Congo Basin holds roughly 8% of the world's forest-based carbon. If these woodlands are deforested, the carbon they trap will be released into the atmosphere. Predictions for future unabated deforestation estimate that by 2050 activities in the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo">DRC</a> will release roughly the same amount of carbon dioxide as the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> has emitted over the last 60 years. A 2013 study by British scientists showed that deforestation in the Congo Basin rainforest was slowing down.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2017, British scientists discovered that <a href="/wiki/Mire" class="mw-redirect" title="Mire">peatlands</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Cuvette_Centrale" title="Cuvette Centrale">Cuvette Centrale</a>, which cover a total of 145,500 sq km, contain 30 billion tonnes of carbon, or 20 years of U.S. fossil fuel emissions.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2021, the deforestation rate of the Congolese rainforest increased by 5%.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Central_African_Republic_-_Log_transport.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Central_African_Republic_-_Log_transport.jpg/220px-Central_African_Republic_-_Log_transport.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Central_African_Republic_-_Log_transport.jpg/330px-Central_African_Republic_-_Log_transport.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Central_African_Republic_-_Log_transport.jpg/440px-Central_African_Republic_-_Log_transport.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1778" data-file-height="1189" /></a><figcaption>An industrial logging operation in the Congo Basin. From 2015 to 2019, the rate of <a href="/wiki/Deforestation_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Deforestation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">deforestation</a> in the Democratic Republic of the Congo doubled.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>The Global Forest Atlas estimated that the logging industry covers from 44 to 66 million hectares of forest.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A study published in 2019 in <i><a href="/wiki/Nature_Sustainability" title="Nature Sustainability">Nature Sustainability</a></i> showed that 54,000 miles of roads for forest concessions were built between 2003 and 2018, reaching a total of 143,500 miles.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A moratorium on logging in the Congo forest was agreed between the <a href="/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">World Bank</a> and the Democratic Republic of the Congo in May 2002. The World Bank agreed to provide $90 million of development aid to Democratic Republic of the Congo with the provision that the government did not issue any new concessions granting logging companies rights to exploit the forest. The deal also prohibited the renewal of existing concessions.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The government has written a new forestry code that requires companies to invest in local development and follow a sustainable, 25-year cycle of rotational logging. When a company is granted a concession from the central government to log in Congo, it must sign an agreement with the local chiefs and hereditary land owners, who give permission for it to extract the trees in return for development packages. In theory, the companies must pay the government nearly $18 million rent per year for these concessions, of which 40% should be returned to provincial governments for investment in social development of the local population in the logged areas. </p><p>In its current form, the <a href="/wiki/Kyoto_Protocol" title="Kyoto Protocol">Kyoto Protocol</a> does not reward so-called "avoided deforestation"—initiatives that protect forest from being cut down. But many climate scientists and policymakers hope that negotiations for Kyoto's successor will include such measures. If this were the case, there could be a financial incentive for protecting forests. L’Île Mbiye, an island in the <a href="/wiki/Lualaba_River" title="Lualaba River">Lualaba River</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kisangani" title="Kisangani">Kisangani</a>, is part of a project about forest ecosystem conservation, conducted by <a href="/wiki/Stellenbosch_University" title="Stellenbosch University">Stellenbosch University</a>. Democratic Republic of the Congo is also looking to expand the area of forest under protection, for which it hopes to secure compensation through <a href="/wiki/Emerging_market" title="Emerging market">emerging markets</a> for forest carbon. The main Congolese environmental organization working to save the forests is an <a href="/wiki/Non-governmental_organization" title="Non-governmental organization">NGO</a> called OCEAN, which serves as the link between international outfits like <a href="/wiki/Greenpeace" title="Greenpeace">Greenpeace</a> and local community groups in the concessions. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="National_parks">National parks</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Congo_Basin&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: National parks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col div-col-small"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lob%C3%A9k%C3%A9_National_Park" title="Lobéké National Park">Lobéké National Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lomami_National_Park" title="Lomami National Park">Lomami National Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nouabal%C3%A9-Ndoki_National_Park" title="Nouabalé-Ndoki National Park">Nouabalé-Ndoki National Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ntokou-Pikounda_National_Park" title="Ntokou-Pikounda National Park">Ntokou-Pikounda National Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odzala-Kokoua_National_Park" title="Odzala-Kokoua National Park">Odzala-Kokoua National Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salonga_National_Park" title="Salonga National Park">Salonga National Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virunga_National_Park" title="Virunga National Park">Virunga National Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garamba_National_Park" title="Garamba National Park">Garamba National Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kundelungu_National_Park" title="Kundelungu National Park">Kundelungu National Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kahuzi-Biega_National_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Kahuzi-Biega National Park">Kahuzi-Biega National Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upemba_National_Park" title="Upemba National Park">Upemba National Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maiko_National_Park" title="Maiko National Park">Maiko National Park</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Congo_Basin&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:2-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-09-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=WUR&rft.atitle=Climate+Change+Impacts+on+the+Congo+Basin+Region&rft.date=2012-09-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wur.nl%2Fen%2FPublication-details.htm%3FpublicationId%3Dpublication-way-343335333530&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACongo+Basin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FAO_2011-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FAO_2011_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fao.org/docrep/014/i2247e/i2247e00.pdf"><i>The State of Forests in the Amazon basin and Southeast Asian</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 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That's Bad for Climate Change"</a>. <i>Pulitzer Center</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-05-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UNESCO+World+Heritage+Centre&rft.atitle=Natural+World+Heritage+in+the+Congo+Basin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwhc.unesco.org%2Fen%2Fconservation-congo-basin%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACongo+Basin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGiresse2005" class="citation journal cs1">Giresse, Pierre (2005-10-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1464343X05001226">"Mesozoic–Cenozoic history of the Congo Basin"</a>. <i>Journal of African Earth Sciences</i>. 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Congo Basin faces rising deforestation threat"</a>. <i>Reuters</i>. 11 November 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Analysis%3A+The+next+Amazon%3F+Congo+Basin+faces+rising+deforestation+threat&rft.date=2022-11-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fbusiness%2Fcop%2Fnext-amazon-congo-basin-faces-rising-deforestation-threat-2022-11-11%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACongo+Basin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKinver2019" class="citation news cs1">Kinver, Mark (2019-09-12). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-49679883">"World 'losing battle against deforestation'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=World+%27losing+battle+against+deforestation%27&rft.date=2019-09-12&rft.aulast=Kinver&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fscience-environment-49679883&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACongo+Basin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.mongabay.com/2019/06/logging-road-construction-surged-in-the-congo-basin-since-2003/">"Logging road construction has surged in the Congo Basin since 2003"</a>. <i>Mongabay Environmental News</i>. 2019-06-24<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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October 22, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=thenation.com&rft.atitle=The+Fight+to+Save+Congo%27s+Forests&rft.date=2007-10-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thenation.com%2Farticle%2Ffight-save-congos-forests&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACongo+Basin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Major_African_geological_formations" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Major_African_geological_formations" title="Template:Major African geological formations"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Major_African_geological_formations" title="Template talk:Major African geological formations"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Major_African_geological_formations" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Major African geological formations"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Major_African_geological_formations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Major African geological formations</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Plate_tectonics" title="Plate tectonics">Plates</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Major plates: <a href="/wiki/African_plate" title="African plate">African plate</a></li> <li>Minor plates: <a href="/wiki/Somali_plate" title="Somali plate">Somali plate</a></li> <li>Microplates: <a href="/wiki/Lwandle_plate" title="Lwandle plate">Lwandle plate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madagascar_plate" title="Madagascar plate">Madagascar plate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rovuma_plate" title="Rovuma plate">Rovuma plate</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seychelles_plate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seychelles plate (page does not exist)">Seychelles plate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Microplate" class="mw-redirect" title="Victoria Microplate">Victoria Microplate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Craton" title="Craton">Cratons</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shield_(geology)" title="Shield (geology)">shields</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arabian-Nubian_Shield" title="Arabian-Nubian Shield">Arabian-Nubian Shield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congo_Craton" title="Congo Craton">Congo Craton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaapvaal_Craton" title="Kaapvaal Craton">Kaapvaal Craton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalahari_Craton" title="Kalahari Craton">Kalahari Craton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saharan_Metacraton" title="Saharan Metacraton">Saharan Metacraton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzania_Craton" title="Tanzania Craton">Tanzania Craton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuareg_Shield" title="Tuareg Shield">Tuareg Shield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_African_Craton" title="West African Craton">West African Craton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe_Craton" title="Zimbabwe Craton">Zimbabwe Craton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shear_zone" title="Shear zone">Shear zones</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aswa_Dislocation" title="Aswa Dislocation">Aswa Dislocation</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Broodkop_Shear_Zone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Broodkop Shear Zone (page does not exist)">Broodkop Shear Zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_African_Shear_Zone" title="Central African Shear Zone">Central African Shear Zone</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chuan_Shear_Zones&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chuan Shear Zones (page does not exist)">Chuan Shear Zones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foumban_Shear_Zone" title="Foumban Shear Zone">Foumban Shear Zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kandi_Fault_Zone" title="Kandi Fault Zone">Kandi Fault Zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mwembeshi_Shear_Zone" title="Mwembeshi Shear Zone">Mwembeshi Shear Zone</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Todi_Shear_Zone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Todi Shear Zone (page does not exist)">Todi Shear Zone</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Western_Meseta_Shear_Zone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Western Meseta Shear Zone (page does not exist)">Western Meseta Shear Zone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Orogen" class="mw-redirect" title="Orogen">Orogens</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpine_orogeny" title="Alpine orogeny">Alpine Orogen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Fold_Belt" title="Cape Fold Belt">Cape Fold Belt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damara_orogeny" title="Damara orogeny">Damara Orogen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_African_Orogeny" title="East African Orogeny">East African Orogen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eburnean_orogeny" title="Eburnean orogeny">Eburnean Orogen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gondwanide_orogeny" title="Gondwanide orogeny">Gondwanide Orogen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kibaran_orogeny" title="Kibaran orogeny">Kibaran Orogen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuunga_orogeny" title="Kuunga orogeny">Kuunga Orogen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritanide_Belt" title="Mauritanide Belt">Mauritanide Belt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-African_orogeny" title="Pan-African orogeny">Pan-African orogens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terra_Australis_Orogen" title="Terra Australis Orogen">Terra Australis Orogen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rift" title="Rift">Rifts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afar_Triangle" title="Afar Triangle">Afar Triangle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anza_trough" title="Anza trough">Anza trough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahr_el_Arab_rift" title="Bahr el Arab rift">Bahr el Arab rift</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benue_Trough" title="Benue Trough">Benue Trough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Nile_rift" title="Blue Nile rift">Blue Nile rift</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_African_Rift" title="East African Rift">East African Rift</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Suez_Rift" title="Gulf of Suez Rift">Gulf of Suez Rift</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lamu_Embayment&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lamu Embayment (page does not exist)">Lamu Embayment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melut_Basin" title="Melut Basin">Melut Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muglad_Basin" title="Muglad Basin">Muglad Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Sea_Rift" title="Red Sea Rift">Red Sea Rift</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sangha_aulacogen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sangha aulacogen (page does not exist)">Sangha Aulacogen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atbara_rift&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Atbara rift (page does not exist)">Atbara rift</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urema_Valley" title="Urema Valley">Urema Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_and_Central_African_Rift_System" title="West and Central African Rift System">West and Central African Rift System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Nile_rift" title="White Nile rift">White Nile rift</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sedimentary_basin" title="Sedimentary basin">Sedimentary basins</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angola_Basin" title="Angola Basin">Angola Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aoukar" title="Aoukar">Aoukar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Nile_Basin" title="Blue Nile Basin">Blue Nile Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chad_Basin" title="Chad Basin">Chad Basin</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Congo Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Douala_Basin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Douala Basin (page does not exist)">Douala Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Djouf" title="El Djouf">El Djouf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karoo_Basin" class="mw-redirect" title="Karoo Basin">Karoo Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gabon_Basin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gabon Basin (page does not exist)">Gabon Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iullemmeden_Basin" title="Iullemmeden Basin">Iullemmeden Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kufra_Basin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kufra Basin (page does not exist)">Kufra Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murzuq_Basin" class="mw-redirect" title="Murzuq Basin">Murzuq Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niger_Delta_Basin" class="mw-redirect" title="Niger Delta Basin">Niger Delta Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogaden_Basin" title="Ogaden Basin">Ogaden Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orange_River_Basin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orange River Basin (page does not exist)">Orange River Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ouled_Abdoun_Basin" title="Ouled Abdoun Basin">Ouled Abdoun Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owambo_Basin" title="Owambo Basin">Owambo Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reggane_Basin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reggane Basin (page does not exist)">Reggane Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rio_del_Rey_Basin" class="mw-redirect" title="Rio del Rey Basin">Rio del Rey Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sirte_Basin" title="Sirte Basin">Sirte Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Somali_Coastal_Basin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Somali Coastal Basin (page does not exist)">Somali Coastal Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taoudeni_Basin" title="Taoudeni Basin">Taoudeni Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tanzania_Coastal_Basin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tanzania Coastal Basin (page does not exist)">Tanzania Coastal Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tindouf_Basin" title="Tindouf Basin">Tindouf Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkana_Basin" title="Turkana Basin">Turkana Basin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mountain_range" title="Mountain range">Mountain ranges</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A%C3%AFr_Mountains" title="Aïr Mountains">Aïr Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlas_Mountains" title="Atlas Mountains">Atlas Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aur%C3%A8s_Mountains" title="Aurès Mountains">Aurès Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bambouk_Mountains" title="Bambouk Mountains">Bambouk Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Mountains_(Niger)" title="Blue Mountains (Niger)">Blue Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cameroon_line" title="Cameroon line">Cameroon line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Pangean_Mountains" title="Central Pangean Mountains">Central Pangean Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaillu_Mountains" class="mw-redirect" title="Chaillu Mountains">Chaillu Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drakensberg" title="Drakensberg">Drakensberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Arc_Mountains" title="Eastern Arc Mountains">Eastern Arc Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Rift_mountains" title="Eastern Rift mountains">Eastern Rift mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Highlands" title="Ethiopian Highlands">Ethiopian Highlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Escarpment,_Southern_Africa" title="Great Escarpment, Southern Africa">Great Escarpment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Karas_Mountains" title="Great Karas Mountains">Great Karas Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinea_Highlands" title="Guinea Highlands">Guinea Highlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoggar_Mountains" title="Hoggar Mountains">Hoggar Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imatong_Mountains" title="Imatong Mountains">Imatong Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jebel_Uweinat" class="mw-redirect" title="Jebel Uweinat">Jebel Uweinat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loma_Mountains" title="Loma Mountains">Loma Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandara_Mountains" title="Mandara Mountains">Mandara Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marrah_Mountains" title="Marrah Mountains">Marrah Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitumba_Mountains" title="Mitumba Mountains">Mitumba Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuba_Mountains" title="Nuba Mountains">Nuba Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rif" title="Rif">Rif Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rwenzori_Mountains" title="Rwenzori Mountains">Rwenzori Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sankwala_Mountains" title="Sankwala Mountains">Sankwala Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serra_da_Leba" title="Serra da Leba">Serra da Leba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serra_da_Chela" title="Serra da Chela">Serra da Chela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teffedest_Mountains" title="Teffedest Mountains">Teffedest Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibesti_Mountains" title="Tibesti Mountains">Tibesti Mountains</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Inselberg" title="Inselberg">Inselbergs</a> (aka koppie)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Atlas" title="Anti-Atlas">Anti-Atlas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Gorongosa" title="Mount Gorongosa">Mount Gorongosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jugurtha_Tableland" title="Jugurtha Tableland">Jugurtha Tableland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Mabu" title="Mount Mabu">Mount Mabu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulanje_Massif" title="Mulanje Massif">Mulanje Massif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mont_Ni%C3%A9nokou%C3%A9" title="Mont Niénokoué">Mont Niénokoué</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wase_Rock" title="Wase Rock">Wase Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zuma_Rock" title="Zuma Rock">Zuma Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_inselbergs" title="List of inselbergs">List of inselbergs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Regions_of_Africa" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Regions_of_Africa" title="Template:Regions of Africa"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Regions_of_Africa" title="Template talk:Regions of Africa"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Regions_of_Africa" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Regions of Africa"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Regions_of_Africa" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Subregion#Africa" title="Subregion">Regions</a> of <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Central_Africa" title="Central Africa">Central</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guinea_(region)" title="Guinea (region)">Guinea region</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Guinea" title="Gulf of Guinea">Gulf of Guinea</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Lopez" title="Cape Lopez">Cape Lopez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayombe" title="Mayombe">Mayombe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igboland" title="Igboland">Igboland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mbaise" title="Mbaise">Mbaise</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pool_Malebo" title="Pool Malebo">Pool Malebo</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Congo Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chad_Basin" title="Chad Basin">Chad Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cameroonian_Highlands_forests" title="Cameroonian Highlands forests">Cameroonian Highlands forests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Sudanian_savanna" title="East Sudanian savanna">East Sudanian savanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congolian_rainforests" title="Congolian rainforests">Congolian rainforests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ouadda%C3%AF_highlands" title="Ouaddaï highlands">Ouaddaï highlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ennedi_Plateau" title="Ennedi Plateau">Ennedi Plateau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/East_Africa" title="East Africa">East</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Great_Lakes" title="African Great Lakes">African Great Lakes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albertine_Rift" title="Albertine Rift">Albertine Rift</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_African_Rift" title="East African Rift">East African Rift</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Rift_Valley" title="Great Rift Valley">Great Rift Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_Rift" title="Gregory Rift">Gregory Rift</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rift_Valley_lakes" title="Rift Valley lakes">Rift Valley lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virunga_Mountains" title="Virunga Mountains">Virunga Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kavirondo" title="Kavirondo">Kavirondo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zanj" title="Zanj">Zanj</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_African_montane_forests" title="East African montane forests">East African montane forests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Arc_Mountains" title="Eastern Arc Mountains">Eastern Arc Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serengeti" title="Serengeti">Serengeti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horn_of_Africa" title="Horn of Africa">Horn of Africa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afar_Triangle" title="Afar Triangle">Afar Triangle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Habash" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Habash">Al-Habash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbaria_(East_Africa)" class="mw-redirect" title="Barbaria (East Africa)">Barbaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danakil_Alps" title="Danakil Alps">Danakil Alps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danakil_Desert" title="Danakil Desert">Danakil Desert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Highlands" title="Ethiopian Highlands">Ethiopian Highlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dahlak_Archipelago" title="Dahlak Archipelago">Dahlak Archipelago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanish_Islands" title="Hanish Islands">Hanish Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Aden" title="Gulf of Aden">Gulf of Aden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Tadjoura" title="Gulf of Tadjoura">Gulf of Tadjoura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Sea" title="Red Sea">Red Sea</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_in_the_Indian_Ocean" title="List of islands in the Indian Ocean">Indian Ocean islands</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comoro_Islands" title="Comoro Islands">Comoro Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamu_Archipelago" title="Lamu Archipelago">Lamu Archipelago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Highlands_(Madagascar)" title="Central Highlands (Madagascar)">Central Highlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Highlands" title="Northern Highlands">Northern Highlands</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zanzibar_Archipelago" title="Zanzibar Archipelago">Zanzibar Archipelago</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swahili_coast" title="Swahili coast">Swahili coast</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/North_Africa" title="North Africa">North</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Desert" title="Eastern Desert">Eastern Desert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maghreb" title="Maghreb">Maghreb</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Libya" title="Ancient Libya">Ancient Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlas_Mountains" title="Atlas Mountains">Atlas Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbary_Coast" title="Barbary Coast">Barbary Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_Arc" title="Gibraltar Arc">Gibraltar Arc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ifriqiya" title="Ifriqiya">Ifriqiya</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nile" title="Nile">Nile Valley</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nile_Delta" title="Nile Delta">Nile Delta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bashmur" title="Bashmur">Bashmur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cataracts_of_the_Nile" title="Cataracts of the Nile">Cataracts of the Nile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darfur" title="Darfur">Darfur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lower_Egypt" title="Lower Egypt">Lower Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lower_Nubia" title="Lower Nubia">Lower Nubia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Egypt" title="Middle Egypt">Middle Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nile_Delta" title="Nile Delta">Nile Delta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuba_Mountains" title="Nuba Mountains">Nuba Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nubia" title="Nubia">Nubia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Sudans" title="The Sudans">The Sudans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Egypt" title="Upper Egypt">Upper Egypt</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibesti_Mountains" title="Tibesti Mountains">Tibesti Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Sahara" title="Western Sahara">Western Sahara</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Africa" title="Southern Africa">South</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rhodesia_(region)" title="Rhodesia (region)">Rhodesia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Rhodesia" title="Northern Rhodesia">North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Rhodesia" title="Southern Rhodesia">South</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thembuland" title="Thembuland">Thembuland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Succulent_Karoo" title="Succulent Karoo">Succulent Karoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nama_Karoo" title="Nama Karoo">Nama Karoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bushveld" title="Bushveld">Bushveld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maputaland" title="Maputaland">Maputaland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highveld" title="Highveld">Highveld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fynbos" title="Fynbos">Fynbos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean_coastal_belt" title="Indian Ocean coastal belt">Indian Ocean coastal belt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albany_thickets" title="Albany thickets">Albany thickets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Floristic_Region" title="Cape Floristic Region">Cape Floristic Region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skeleton_Coast" title="Skeleton Coast">Skeleton Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalahari_Desert" title="Kalahari Desert">Kalahari Desert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okavango_Delta" title="Okavango Delta">Okavango Delta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Peninsula" title="Cape Peninsula">Cape Peninsula</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/False_Bay" title="False Bay">False Bay</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/West_Africa" title="West Africa">West</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pepper_Coast" title="Pepper Coast">Pepper Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gold_Coast_(region)" title="Gold Coast (region)">Gold Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slave_Coast_of_West_Africa" title="Slave Coast of West Africa">Slave Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivory_Coast" title="Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Palmas" title="Cape Palmas">Cape Palmas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Mesurado" title="Cape Mesurado">Cape Mesurado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinea_(region)" title="Guinea (region)">Guinea region</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guinean_Forests_of_West_Africa" title="Guinean Forests of West Africa">Guinean Forests of West Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Guinean_forests" title="Upper Guinean forests">Upper Guinean forests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lower_Guinean_forests" title="Lower Guinean forests">Lower Guinean forests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinean_forest-savanna_mosaic" class="mw-redirect" title="Guinean forest-savanna mosaic">Guinean forest-savanna mosaic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinea_Highlands" title="Guinea Highlands">Guinea Highlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Guinea" title="Gulf of Guinea">Gulf of Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dahomey_Gap" title="Dahomey Gap">Dahomey Gap</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niger_River" title="Niger River">Niger Basin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Niger_Delta" title="Niger Delta">Niger Delta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inner_Niger_Delta" title="Inner Niger Delta">Inner Niger Delta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Sudanian_savanna" title="West Sudanian savanna">West Sudanian savanna</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yorubaland" title="Yorubaland">Yorubaland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Macro-regions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aethiopia" title="Aethiopia">Aethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afromontane" title="Afromontane">Afromontane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_world" title="Arab world">Arab world</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_realm" title="Commonwealth realm">Commonwealth realm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equatorial_Africa" title="Equatorial Africa">Equatorial Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7afrique" title="Françafrique">Françafrique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Middle_East" title="Greater Middle East">Greater Middle East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guineo-Congolian_region" title="Guineo-Congolian region">Guineo-Congolian region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islands_of_Africa" title="Islands of Africa">Islands of Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_where_Arabic_is_an_official_language" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries where Arabic is an official language">List of countries where Arabic is an official language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_basin" title="Mediterranean basin">Mediterranean basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MENASA" class="mw-redirect" title="MENASA">MENASA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_East_and_North_Africa" title="Middle East and North Africa">Middle East and North Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miombo_woodlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Miombo woodlands">Miombo woodlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mittelafrika" title="Mittelafrika">Mittelafrika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negroland" title="Negroland">Negroland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeast_Africa" title="Northeast Africa">Northeast Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese-speaking_African_countries" title="Portuguese-speaking African countries">Portuguese-speaking African countries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahara" title="Sahara">Sahara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahel" title="Sahel">Sahel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Africa" title="Southeast Africa">Southeast Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sub-Saharan_Africa" title="Sub-Saharan Africa">Sub-Saharan Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudan_(region)" title="Sudan (region)">Sudan (region)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sudanian_savanna" title="Sudanian savanna">Sudanian savanna</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropical_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Tropical Africa">Tropical Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zambezian_region" title="Zambezian region">Zambezian region</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Congo_Basin&params=0.0000_N_22.0000_E_source:wikidata"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">0°00′00″N</span> <span class="longitude">22°00′00″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">0.0000°N 22.0000°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">0.0000; 22.0000</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Congo_Basin&oldid=1257686118">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Congo_Basin&oldid=1257686118</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Congo_drainage_basin" title="Category:Congo drainage basin">Congo drainage 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