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The location of our research, Gazipur district, bordering the growing city of Dhaka, is the heartland of Bangladesh’s Ready Made Garments" /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="http://a.academia-assets.com/images/twitter-card.jpeg" /> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="2369844204" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.academia.edu/82836535/Public_Lives_Private_Water_Female_Ready_Made_Garment_Factory_Workers_in_Peri_Urban_Bangladesh" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Public Lives, Private Water: Female Ready-Made Garment Factory Workers in Peri-Urban Bangladesh" /> <meta property="og:image" content="http://a.academia-assets.com/images/open-graph-icons/fb-paper.gif" /> <meta property="og:description" content="In Dhaka city and its fringe peri-urban sprawls water for domestic use is an increasingly contested commodity. The location of our research, Gazipur district, bordering the growing city of Dhaka, is the heartland of Bangladesh’s Ready Made Garments" /> <meta property="article:author" content="https://independent.academia.edu/SadikaHaque" /> <meta name="description" content="In Dhaka city and its fringe peri-urban sprawls water for domestic use is an increasingly contested commodity. The location of our research, Gazipur district, bordering the growing city of Dhaka, is the heartland of Bangladesh’s Ready Made Garments" /> <title>(PDF) Water Access and Women's Work in Bangladesh</title> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.academia.edu/82836535/Public_Lives_Private_Water_Female_Ready_Made_Garment_Factory_Workers_in_Peri_Urban_Bangladesh" /> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5VKX33P2DS', { cookie_domain: 'academia.edu', send_page_view: false, }); gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'controller': "single_work", 'action': "show", 'controller_action': 'single_work#show', 'logged_in': 'false', 'edge': 'unknown', // Send nil if there is no A/B test bucket, in case some records get logged // with missing data - that way we can distinguish between the two cases. // ab_test_bucket should be of the form <ab_test_name>:<bucket> 'ab_test_bucket': null, }) </script> <script> var $controller_name = 'single_work'; var $action_name = "show"; var $rails_env = 'production'; var $app_rev = 'b092bf3a3df71cf13feee7c143e83a57eb6b94fb'; var $domain = 'academia.edu'; var $app_host = "academia.edu"; var $asset_host = "academia-assets.com"; var $start_time = new Date().getTime(); var $recaptcha_key = "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB"; var $recaptcha_invisible_key = "6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj"; var $disableClientRecordHit = false; </script> <script> window.require = { config: function() { return function() {} } } </script> <script> window.Aedu = window.Aedu || {}; window.Aedu.hit_data = null; window.Aedu.serverRenderTime = new Date(1739836144000); window.Aedu.timeDifference = new Date().getTime() - 1739836144000; </script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"ScholarlyArticle","abstract":"In Dhaka city and its fringe peri-urban sprawls water for domestic use is an increasingly contested commodity. The location of our research, Gazipur district, bordering the growing city of Dhaka, is the heartland of Bangladesh’s Ready Made Garments (RMG) industry, which has spread unplanned in former wetlands and agrarian belts. However, unlike Dhaka, the almost fully industrialized peri-urban areas bordering the city, like many other such areas globally, function in an institutional vacuum. There are no formal institutional arrangements for water supply or sanitation. In the absence of regulations for mining groundwater for industrial use and weakly enforced norms for effluent discharge, the expansion of the RMG industry and other industries has had a disproportionate environmental impact. In this complex and challenging context, we apply a political economy lens to draw attention to the paradoxical situation of the increasingly “public” lives of poor Bangladeshi women working in l...","author":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Sadika Haque","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SadikaHaque"}],"contributor":[],"dateCreated":"2022-07-09","datePublished":"2021-01-01","headline":"Public Lives, Private Water: Female Ready-Made Garment Factory Workers in Peri-Urban Bangladesh","image":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/88409134/thumbnails/1.jpg","inLanguage":"en","keywords":["Poverty","Gender Equality","Empowerment","Women","Households","Water Supply","Factory workers","Social Aspects","Water Sanitation and Hygiene","Periurban Areas","Domestic Water"],"publication":"Water Security, Conflict and Cooperation in Peri-Urban South Asia","publisher":{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Organization","name":"Springer International 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The location of our research, Gazipur district, bordering the growing city of Dhaka, is the heartland of Bangladesh’s Ready Made Garments (RMG) industry, which has spread unplanned in former wetlands and agrarian belts. However, unlike Dhaka, the almost fully industrialized peri-urban areas bordering the city, like many other such areas globally, function in an institutional vacuum. There are no formal institutional arrangements for water supply or sanitation. In the absence of regulations for mining groundwater for industrial use and weakly enforced norms for effluent discharge, the expansion of the RMG industry and other industries has had a disproportionate environmental impact. In this complex and challenging context, we apply a political economy lens to draw attention to the paradoxical situation of the increasingly “public” lives of poor Bangladeshi women working in l...","publisher":"Springer International Publishing","ai_title_tag":"Water Access and Women's Work in Bangladesh","publication_date":"2021,,","publication_name":"Water Security, Conflict and Cooperation in Peri-Urban South Asia"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Public Lives, Private Water: Female Ready-Made Garment Factory Workers in Peri-Urban Bangladesh","broadcastable":true,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [25007563]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "control"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loginModal = {}; window.loginModal.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon'; window.userInChina = "false";</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":88409134,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “Public Lives, Private Water: Female Ready-Made Garment Factory Workers in Peri-Urban Bangladesh”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/88409134/mini_magick20220709-7564-1p3rzk3.png?1657406777" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/single_work_splash/adobe_icon.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">Public Lives, Private Water: Female Ready-Made Garment Factory Workers in Peri-Urban Bangladesh</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="25007563" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SadikaHaque"><img alt="Profile image of Sadika Haque" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/s65_no_pic.png" />Sadika Haque</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2021, Water Security, Conflict and Cooperation in Peri-Urban South Asia</p><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">visibility</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm" id="work-metadata-view-count">…</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">description</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">22 pages</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">link</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">1 file</p></div></div><script>(async () => { const workId = 82836535; 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if (!viewCountBody) { throw new Error('Failed to find work views element'); } viewCountBody.textContent = `${commaizedViewCount} views`; } catch (error) { // Remove the whole views element if there was some issue parsing. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); throw new Error(`Failed to parse view count: ${viewCount}`, error); } }; // If the DOM is still loading, wait for it to be ready before updating the view count. if (document.readyState === "loading") { document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { updateViewCount(viewCount); }); // Otherwise, just update it immediately. } else { updateViewCount(viewCount); } })();</script></div><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">In Dhaka city and its fringe peri-urban sprawls water for domestic use is an increasingly contested commodity. The location of our research, Gazipur district, bordering the growing city of Dhaka, is the heartland of Bangladesh’s Ready Made Garments (RMG) industry, which has spread unplanned in former wetlands and agrarian belts. However, unlike Dhaka, the almost fully industrialized peri-urban areas bordering the city, like many other such areas globally, function in an institutional vacuum. There are no formal institutional arrangements for water supply or sanitation. In the absence of regulations for mining groundwater for industrial use and weakly enforced norms for effluent discharge, the expansion of the RMG industry and other industries has had a disproportionate environmental impact. In this complex and challenging context, we apply a political economy lens to draw attention to the paradoxical situation of the increasingly “public” lives of poor Bangladeshi women working in l...</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":88409134,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/82836535/Public_Lives_Private_Water_Female_Ready_Made_Garment_Factory_Workers_in_Peri_Urban_Bangladesh"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":88409134,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/82836535/Public_Lives_Private_Water_Female_Ready_Made_Garment_Factory_Workers_in_Peri_Urban_Bangladesh"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger-container"><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger ds-signup-banner-trigger-control"></div></div><div class="ds-signup-banner ds-signup-banner-control"><div id="ds-signup-banner-close-button"><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary ds2-5-button--inverse"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">close</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-ctas"><img src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-capital-white.svg" /><h4 class="ds2-5-heading-serif-sm">Sign up for access to the world's latest research</h4><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--inverse ds2-5-button--full-width js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"signup-banner"}">Sign up for free<span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">arrow_forward</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-divider"></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons"><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Get notified about relevant papers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Save papers to use in your research</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Join the discussion with peers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Track your impact</span></div></div></div><script>(() => { // Set up signup banner show/hide behavior: // 1. 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What occurred next was a shift in the regulatory environment with increased brand oversight and corporate-driven efforts to improve factories. In order to compete amid new regulations, some factories are relocating to rural industrial estates established decades ago. This article presents the social and economic context at one rural estate where a garment factory opened after the Rana Plaza tragedy. Interviews conducted with garment workers and people who live near the factory demonstrate the gendered constraints on women’s labor and the experiences of women driven to seek factory work. The article also describes the garment factory itself, which operates in a new building on an old industrial estate. This factory is an early adopter in a national political shift toward rural industrialization, making observations there an important contribution to our understanding of what may be coming.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Women and rural industrialization: Garment production reaches old land and new labor in Bangladesh","attachmentId":60477329,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/40244857/Women_and_rural_industrialization_Garment_production_reaches_old_land_and_new_labor_in_Bangladesh","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/40244857/Women_and_rural_industrialization_Garment_production_reaches_old_land_and_new_labor_in_Bangladesh"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="64988364" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/64988364/Historicizing_Garment_Manufacturing_in_Bangladesh_Gender_Generation_and_New_Regulatory_Regimes">Historicizing Garment Manufacturing in Bangladesh: Gender, Generation, and New Regulatory Regimes</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="377357" href="https://cornell.academia.edu/ShelleyFeldman">Shelley Feldman</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of International Women's Studies, 2009</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The contemporary Bangladesh economy is marked by sustained increases in women's paid employment, a rise that began in the 1980s with complex and contradictory effects on the lives of women and communities. Today this increase in the numbers of employed women recasts gender relations and the gender and social contract, with wage employment leading to new sources of mobility and social, economic, and political freedoms for women, but also to contestation over rights and security, and, in some cases, to declines in women's welfare. In this paper, I offer a window on the relationship between macroeconomic changes in the Bangladesh political economy, the meso-institutional changes created by policy reform, and changes in women's labor market relations. I highlight emergent relations of regulation as they create, organize, and control women's social behavior and normative practice. As I will suggest, the emergent gender division of wage employment in Bangladesh unsettles the causality presumed when changes in economic and cultural organization build on an already available pool of surplus labor that can straightforwardly lead to changes in women's behavior. Three themes animate this discussion. One theme emphasizes the contradictory effects that incorporation into export production has for women; they are simultaneously emancipatory and highly exploitative. Second, I note that neoliberal reforms articulate differently in particular places making it crucial to draw attention to how specific antecedent labor force practices, ideologies, and policies contribute to constructing a female labor force. Finally, I suggest that women are increasingly viewed as disposable and redundant even as their labor is becoming central to imaginings of family maintenance and sustainability.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Historicizing Garment Manufacturing in Bangladesh: Gender, Generation, and New Regulatory Regimes","attachmentId":76769262,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/64988364/Historicizing_Garment_Manufacturing_in_Bangladesh_Gender_Generation_and_New_Regulatory_Regimes","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/64988364/Historicizing_Garment_Manufacturing_in_Bangladesh_Gender_Generation_and_New_Regulatory_Regimes"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="109067207" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/109067207/Access_to_Drinking_Water_and_the_Empowerment_of_Women_in_the_Southwest_Coast_of_Bangladesh_Intersec_tions_of_Gender_Class_and_Space">Access to Drinking Water and the Empowerment of Women in the Southwest Coast of Bangladesh: Intersec- tions of Gender, Class, and Space</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="181008434" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SubahSunehra">Sunehra Subah</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2021</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The low-lying southwest coast in Bangladesh is one of the most vulnerable areas to the effects of climate change, with great water scarcity and high levels of arsenic and salinity. 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Access to Drinking Water and the Empowerment of Women in the Southwest Coast of Bangladesh: Intersections of Gender, Class, and...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Access to Drinking Water and the Empowerment of Women in the Southwest Coast of Bangladesh: Intersec- tions of Gender, Class, and Space","attachmentId":107297853,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/109067207/Access_to_Drinking_Water_and_the_Empowerment_of_Women_in_the_Southwest_Coast_of_Bangladesh_Intersec_tions_of_Gender_Class_and_Space","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/109067207/Access_to_Drinking_Water_and_the_Empowerment_of_Women_in_the_Southwest_Coast_of_Bangladesh_Intersec_tions_of_Gender_Class_and_Space"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="30013520" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/30013520/_The_organised_encroachment_of_the_powerful_Everyday_practices_of_public_space_and_water_supply_in_Dhaka_Bangladesh">“The organised encroachment of the powerful”—Everyday practices of public space and water supply in Dhaka, Bangladesh</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="57039055" href="https://aust.academia.edu/Hossain">Shahadat Hossain</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Planning Theory & Practice, 2012</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"“The organised encroachment of the powerful”—Everyday practices of public space and water supply in Dhaka, Bangladesh","attachmentId":50471078,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/30013520/_The_organised_encroachment_of_the_powerful_Everyday_practices_of_public_space_and_water_supply_in_Dhaka_Bangladesh","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/30013520/_The_organised_encroachment_of_the_powerful_Everyday_practices_of_public_space_and_water_supply_in_Dhaka_Bangladesh"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="79895164" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/79895164/Water_Pollution_and_the_Textile_Industry_in_Bangladesh_Flawed_Corporate_Practices_or_Restrictive_Opportunities">Water Pollution and the Textile Industry in Bangladesh: Flawed Corporate Practices or Restrictive Opportunities?</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="136105937" href="https://independent.academia.edu/HamidulHuq1">Hamidul Huq</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Sustainability, 2019</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The textile industry in Bangladesh has been a great engine for boosting economic growth in the country. However, with great success came environmental deterioration. Untreated effluents containing heavy metals are being released into rivers from nearby factories, affecting the health of people who live along the polluted rivers. The existing law in Bangladesh, requiring such factories to install an effluent treatment plant (ETP), has not been effective in reducing environmental noncompliance. This paper aims to investigate the reality of the situation that the textile industry faces regarding environmental compliance. It is based on primary data collected from textile factories in Dhaka through a questionnaire survey with complementary interviews. This study especially highlights the barriers and difficulties faced by factories in the installation and operation of ETPs. The results confirm previous findings: Low willingness of companies to meet environmental compliance requirements ...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Water Pollution and the Textile Industry in Bangladesh: Flawed Corporate Practices or Restrictive Opportunities?","attachmentId":86456726,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/79895164/Water_Pollution_and_the_Textile_Industry_in_Bangladesh_Flawed_Corporate_Practices_or_Restrictive_Opportunities","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/79895164/Water_Pollution_and_the_Textile_Industry_in_Bangladesh_Flawed_Corporate_Practices_or_Restrictive_Opportunities"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="87016810" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/87016810/Pandemics_Politics_Class_Gender_and_Stigmatized_Labor_in_Bangladeshs_Garment_Industry">Pandemics Politics: Class, Gender and Stigmatized Labor in Bangladesh's Garment Industry</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="959250" href="https://juniv.academia.edu/HasanAshraf">Hasan Ashraf</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="785915" href="https://nyu.academia.edu/DinaSiddiqi">Dina M Siddiqi</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">New Diversities , 2022</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The effects of Covid-19 dramatized yet again the fragilities and asymmetries built into global supply chains and the marginal structural location of Bangladesh-the world's second largest clothing manufacturer-within the apparel supply chain. It was a reminder that the distribution of risk is highly asymmetric and falls disproportionately on gendered, classed, and raced laboring bodies at the bottom of the chain, usually located in the Global South. Against this backdrop, this article asks why and how pandemic discourses of stigmatization and othering largely congealed around the bodies of garment factory workers in Bangladesh. At the heart of the paper is the question of how ostensibly essential labour is made expendable through governmental techniques and discursive practices that draw on gendered and classed tropes with strong colonial precedents. We argue that Bangladeshi garment workers' shadow inclusion into or evacuation from this elastic and troubling category hinges on a complex assemblage of market rationalities, global supply-chain contingencies and national governmental determinations.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Pandemics Politics: Class, Gender and Stigmatized Labor in Bangladesh's Garment Industry","attachmentId":91344102,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/87016810/Pandemics_Politics_Class_Gender_and_Stigmatized_Labor_in_Bangladeshs_Garment_Industry","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/87016810/Pandemics_Politics_Class_Gender_and_Stigmatized_Labor_in_Bangladeshs_Garment_Industry"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="5131306" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/5131306/Water_Water_Everywhere_But_Not_a_Drop_to_Drink_Pani_Politics_Water_Politics_in_Rural_Bangladesh">Water, Water Everywhere, But Not a Drop to Drink: Pani Politics (Water Politics) in Rural Bangladesh</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="6910231" href="https://unc.academia.edu/DrinkCrowe">Drink Crowe</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">International Feminist Journal of Politics, 2007</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">y W a t e r , W a t e r E v e r y w h e r e , B u t N o t a D r o p t o D r i n k</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Water, Water Everywhere, But Not a Drop to Drink: Pani Politics (Water Politics) in Rural Bangladesh","attachmentId":49437713,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/5131306/Water_Water_Everywhere_But_Not_a_Drop_to_Drink_Pani_Politics_Water_Politics_in_Rural_Bangladesh","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/5131306/Water_Water_Everywhere_But_Not_a_Drop_to_Drink_Pani_Politics_Water_Politics_in_Rural_Bangladesh"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="64569309" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/64569309/A_Call_for_Organizing_The_Rise_of_the_Garment_and_Mobile_Phone_Industries_in_Bangladesh">A Call for Organizing: The Rise of the Garment and Mobile Phone Industries in Bangladesh</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="53103572" href="https://tufts.academia.edu/ShomonShamsuddin">Shomon Shamsuddin</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2009</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"A Call for Organizing: The Rise of the Garment and Mobile Phone Industries in Bangladesh","attachmentId":76545682,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/64569309/A_Call_for_Organizing_The_Rise_of_the_Garment_and_Mobile_Phone_Industries_in_Bangladesh","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/64569309/A_Call_for_Organizing_The_Rise_of_the_Garment_and_Mobile_Phone_Industries_in_Bangladesh"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="31717392" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/31717392/Garment_Industry_The_Real_Capitalist_Focusing_on_Bangladeshs_Case_Questioning_Are_We_Still_A_Human_">Garment Industry, The Real Capitalist: Focusing on Bangladesh's Case, Questioning 'Are We Still A Human?'</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="61015420" href="https://independent.academia.edu/irsanIcan1">irsan Ican</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Garment industry is maybe one of unseen issue for a lot number of people, just a common industry fields with a common enterprises, a common factories, a common actors, and everything about garment is common, boring. More than ‘we’ thought, this field has choped down one side of us, humanity. Almost every single aspect be in difficulties of it, environment, poverty, labor abuse, poor working condition, factory disaster, casual work, and a real nightmare, capitalism. Indeed what happens in garment industry is what one Greek philosopher, Plato (427-347 BC) explained as the allegory of the cave; the workers, mini coorporations in third world country, and maybe some of us, are the prisoner who feets and legs were banded and can’t see but the wall of the cave where shadows reflected. The cave itself is the garment industry system</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Garment Industry, The Real Capitalist: Focusing on Bangladesh's Case, Questioning 'Are We Still A Human?'","attachmentId":52030375,"attachmentType":"docx","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/31717392/Garment_Industry_The_Real_Capitalist_Focusing_on_Bangladeshs_Case_Questioning_Are_We_Still_A_Human_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/31717392/Garment_Industry_The_Real_Capitalist_Focusing_on_Bangladeshs_Case_Questioning_Are_We_Still_A_Human_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="5362577" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/5362577/Fluid_lives_subjectivities_gender_and_water_in_rural_Bangladesh">Fluid lives: subjectivities, gender and water in rural Bangladesh</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="7450836" href="https://syr.academia.edu/FarhanaSultana">Farhana Sultana</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Gender Place and Culture, 2009</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This article seeks to contribute to the emerging debates in gender–water and gender–nature literatures by looking at the ways that gendered subjectivities are simultaneously (re)produced by societal, spatial and natural/ecological factors, as well as materialities of the body and of heterogeneous waterscapes. Drawing from fieldwork conducted in Bangladesh on arsenic contamination of drinking water, the article looks at the ways that gender relations are influenced by not just direct resource use/control/access and the implications of different types of waters, but also by the ideological constructs of masculinity/femininity, which can work in iterative ways to influence how people relate to different kinds of water. Conflicts and struggles over water inflect gendered identities and sense of self, where both men and women participate in reproducing and challenging prevailing norms and practices. As a result, multiple social and ecological factors interact in complex and interlinked ways to complicate gender–water relations, whereby socio-spatial subjectivities are re/produced in water management and end up reinforcing existing inequities. The article demonstrates that gender–water relations are not just intersected by social axes, as generally argued by feminist scholars, but also by ecological change and spatial relations vis-à-vis water, where simultaneously socialized, ecologized, spatialized and embodied subjectivities are produced and negotiated in everyday practices.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Fluid lives: subjectivities, gender and water in rural Bangladesh","attachmentId":36151152,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/5362577/Fluid_lives_subjectivities_gender_and_water_in_rural_Bangladesh","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/5362577/Fluid_lives_subjectivities_gender_and_water_in_rural_Bangladesh"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":88409134,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":88409134,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_88409134" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. You can download the paper by clicking the button above.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sidebar--container js-work-sidebar"><div class="ds-related-content--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="31107202" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/31107202/Livelihood_and_Environmental_Perspective_of_Female_Garments_Workers_in_Bangladesh_A_Study_on_Selected_Garment_Factories">Livelihood and Environmental Perspective of Female Garments Workers in Bangladesh: A Study on Selected Garment Factories</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="59391178" href="https://independent.academia.edu/HerokAhmad">Herok H Ahmad</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Livelihood and Environmental Perspective of Female Garments Workers in Bangladesh: A Study on Selected Garment Factories","attachmentId":51542578,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/31107202/Livelihood_and_Environmental_Perspective_of_Female_Garments_Workers_in_Bangladesh_A_Study_on_Selected_Garment_Factories","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/31107202/Livelihood_and_Environmental_Perspective_of_Female_Garments_Workers_in_Bangladesh_A_Study_on_Selected_Garment_Factories"><span 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