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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>First Carolingian king</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First_Carolingian_king-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Expansion_of_the_Frankish_realm" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Expansion_of_the_Frankish_realm"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Expansion of the Frankish realm</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Expansion_of_the_Frankish_realm-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Legacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Family" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Family"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Family</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Family-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Pepin the Short</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 78 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-78" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">78 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pepyn_die_Korte" title="Pepyn die Korte – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Pepyn die Korte" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pippin_der_J%C3%BCngere" title="Pippin der Jüngere – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Pippin der Jüngere" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pippen_III_Francena_Cyning" title="Pippen III Francena Cyning – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Pippen III Francena Cyning" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B5%D9%8A%D8%B1" title="بيبان القصير – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بيبان القصير" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pep%C3%ADn_o_Petit" title="Pepín o Petit – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Pepín o Petit" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%B6d%C9%99k_Pipin" title="Gödək Pipin – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Gödək Pipin" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%BE%D9%86_%DA%A9%D9%87%D8%AA%D8%B1" title="پپن کهتر – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="پپن کهتر" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%96%D0%BF%D1%96%D0%BD_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Піпін Кароткі – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Піпін Кароткі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pepin_the_Shot" title="Pepin the Shot – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Pepin the Shot" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BD_III" title="Пипин III – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Пипин III" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pipin_Mali" title="Pipin Mali – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Pipin Mali" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pepin_Grenn" title="Pepin Grenn – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Pepin Grenn" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pip%C3%AD_I_el_Breu" title="Pipí I el Breu – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Pipí I el Breu" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pipin_III._Kr%C3%A1tk%C3%BD" title="Pipin III. Krátký – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Pipin III. Krátký" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pepin_Fychan" title="Pepin Fychan – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Pepin Fychan" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pipin_den_Lille" title="Pipin den Lille – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Pipin den Lille" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pippin_der_J%C3%BCngere" title="Pippin der Jüngere – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Pippin der Jüngere" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pippin_L%C3%BChike" title="Pippin Lühike – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Pippin Lühike" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B9%CF%80%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%BF_%CE%92%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%87%CF%8D%CF%82" title="Πιπίνος ο Βραχύς – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πιπίνος ο Βραχύς" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pipino_el_Breve" title="Pipino el Breve – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Pipino el Breve" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pipino_la_pli_juna" title="Pipino la pli juna – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Pipino la pli juna" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pepin_Laburra" title="Pepin Laburra – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Pepin Laburra" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%BE%D9%86_%DA%A9%D9%87%D8%AA%D8%B1" title="پپن کهتر – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پپن کهتر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A9pin_le_Bref" title="Pépin le Bref – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Pépin le Bref" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pepyn_de_Koarte" title="Pepyn de Koarte – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Pepyn de Koarte" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A9pin_Gearr" title="Pépin Gearr – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Pépin Gearr" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pipino_o_Breve" title="Pipino o Breve – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Pipino o Breve" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%95%E5%B9%B3%E4%B8%89%E4%B8%96" title="丕平三世 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="丕平三世" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%94%BC%ED%94%BC%EB%88%84%EC%8A%A4_3%EC%84%B8_%EB%B8%8C%EB%A0%88%EB%B9%84%EC%8A%A4" title="피피누스 3세 브레비스 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="피피누스 3세 브레비스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D5%AB%D5%BA%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D4%BF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B3%D5%A1%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%AF" title="Պիպին Կարճահասակ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Պիպին Կարճահասակ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pipin_Mali" title="Pipin Mali – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Pipin Mali" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pippin_III" title="Pippin III – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pippin III" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pipino_il_Breve" title="Pipino il Breve – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Pipino il Breve" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%9F_%D7%94%D7%92%D7%95%D7%A5" title="פפין הגוץ – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פפין הגוץ" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%98%E1%83%9E%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%99%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94" title="პიპინ მოკლე – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="პიპინ მოკლე" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Қортық Пипин – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Қортық Пипин" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pepin_Mfupi" title="Pepin Mfupi – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Pepin Mfupi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A9pin_(gazik_ke_Franca)" title="Pépin (gazik ke Franca) – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Pépin (gazik ke Franca)" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%AApen%C3%AA_Kurtbir" title="Pêpenê Kurtbir – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Pêpenê Kurtbir" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pippinus_III_(maior_domus)" title="Pippinus III (maior domus) – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Pippinus III (maior domus)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pipins_%C4%AAsais" title="Pipins Īsais – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Pipins Īsais" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pippin_de_Jonken" title="Pippin de Jonken – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Pippin de Jonken" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pipinas_Trumpasis" title="Pipinas Trumpasis – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Pipinas Trumpasis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pipino_el_Breve" title="Pipino el Breve – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Pipino el Breve" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/III._Pipin_frank_kir%C3%A1ly" title="III. Pipin frank király – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="III. Pipin frank király" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82" title="Пипин Малиот – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Пипин Малиот" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%98%E1%83%9E%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C_%E1%83%99%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90" title="პიპინ კუნტა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="პიპინ კუნტა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA" title="بيبين التالت – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بيبين التالت" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pepin_si_Pendek" title="Pepin si Pendek – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pepin si Pendek" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pepijn_de_Korte" title="Pepijn de Korte – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Pepijn de Korte" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%94%E3%83%94%E3%83%B33%E4%B8%96_(%E3%83%95%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%82%AF%E7%8E%8B)" title="ピピン3世 (フランク王) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ピピン3世 (フランク王)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pipin_den_yngre" title="Pipin den yngre – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Pipin den yngre" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pipin_den_yngre" title="Pipin den yngre – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Pipin den yngre" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pippin_pakana" title="Pippin pakana – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Pippin pakana" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pepin_Kr%C3%B3tki" title="Pepin Krótki – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Pepin Krótki" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pepino,_o_Breve" title="Pepino, o Breve – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Pepino, o Breve" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pepin_cel_Scurt" title="Pepin cel Scurt – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Pepin cel Scurt" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Пипин Короткий – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Пипин Короткий" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pipinu_III" title="Pipinu III – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Pipinu III" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pepin_the_Short" title="Pepin the Short – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Pepin the Short" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pipin_III." title="Pipin III. – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Pipin III." data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pipin_Mali" title="Pipin Mali – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Pipin Mali" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Пипин Мали – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Пипин Мали" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pipin_Mali" title="Pipin Mali – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Pipin Mali" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pipin_Pieni" title="Pipin Pieni – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Pipin Pieni" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pippin_den_lille" title="Pippin den lille – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Pippin den lille" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%88%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9B%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9B%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%A2" title="พระเจ้าเปแป็งพระวรกายเตี้ย – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พระเจ้าเปแป็งพระวรกายเตี้ย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/III._Pepin" title="III. Pepin – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="III. Pepin" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%96%D0%BF%D1%96%D0%BD_III_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Піпін III Короткий – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Піпін III Короткий" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%BE%D9%86_%D9%82%D8%B5%DB%8C%D8%B1" title="پپن قصیر – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="پپن قصیر" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A9pin_L%C3%B9n" title="Pépin Lùn – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Pépin Lùn" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pepin_l%27_Peuket" title="Pepin l' Peuket – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Pepin l' Peuket" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pepeyn_de_Kortn" title="Pepeyn de Kortn – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Pepeyn de Kortn" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pepin_nga_Halipot" title="Pepin nga Halipot – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Pepin nga Halipot" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9F%AE%E5%AD%90%E4%B8%95%E5%B9%B3" title="矮子丕平 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="矮子丕平" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pepin" title="Pepin – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Pepin" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a 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color:inherit; font-size: 125%">Pepin the Short</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image photo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:PippinImperialChronicleCorpusChristiCollegeMS373Fol14.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/PippinImperialChronicleCorpusChristiCollegeMS373Fol14.jpg/220px-PippinImperialChronicleCorpusChristiCollegeMS373Fol14.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="361" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/PippinImperialChronicleCorpusChristiCollegeMS373Fol14.jpg/330px-PippinImperialChronicleCorpusChristiCollegeMS373Fol14.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/PippinImperialChronicleCorpusChristiCollegeMS373Fol14.jpg/440px-PippinImperialChronicleCorpusChristiCollegeMS373Fol14.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1970" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-bottom:0.2em;padding-top:0.2em;">Pepin the Younger, miniature, <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Anonymi chronica imperatorum</i></span>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1112–1114</span></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/King_of_the_Franks" class="mw-redirect" title="King of the Franks">King of the Franks</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reign</th><td class="infobox-data">751 – 24 September 768</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Childeric_III" title="Childeric III">Childeric III</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Charlemagne" title="Charlemagne">Charlemagne</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_the_Palace" class="mw-redirect" title="Mayor of the Palace">Mayor of the Palace</a> of <a href="/wiki/Neustria" title="Neustria">Neustria</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reign</th><td class="infobox-data">741–751</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Martel" title="Charles Martel">Charles Martel</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data">Charlemagne</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_the_Palace" class="mw-redirect" title="Mayor of the Palace">Mayor of the Palace</a> of <a href="/wiki/Austrasia" title="Austrasia">Austrasia</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reign</th><td class="infobox-data">747–751</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Carloman,_son_of_Charles_Martel" class="mw-redirect" title="Carloman, son of Charles Martel">Carloman</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data">Merged into crown</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><div style="height: 4px; width:100%;"></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 714</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">24 September 768<span style="display:none">(768-09-24)</span> (aged 53–54)<br /><a href="/wiki/Saint-Denis,_Seine-Saint-Denis" title="Saint-Denis, Seine-Saint-Denis">Saint-Denis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Franks" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of the Franks">Kingdom of the Franks</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Burial</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="label"><a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_St_Denis" class="mw-redirect" title="Basilica of St Denis">Basilica of St Denis</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bertrada_of_Laon" title="Bertrada of Laon">Bertrada of Laon</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Issue_(genealogy)" title="Issue (genealogy)">Issue</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Charlemagne" title="Charlemagne">Charlemagne</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Carloman_I" title="Carloman I">Carloman I</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Gisela,_Abbess_of_Chelles" title="Gisela, Abbess of Chelles">Gisela</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Dynasty" title="Dynasty">Dynasty</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Carolingian" class="mw-redirect" title="Carolingian">Carolingian</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Father</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Martel" title="Charles Martel">Charles Martel</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mother</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Rotrude_of_Hesbaye" title="Rotrude of Hesbaye">Rotrude of Hesbaye</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Chalcedonian_Christianity" title="Chalcedonian Christianity">Chalcedonian Christianity</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="notpageimage infobox-signature skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pippin_al%C3%A1%C3%ADr%C3%A1sa.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pepin the Short's signature"><img alt="Pepin the Short's signature" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Pippin_al%C3%A1%C3%ADr%C3%A1sa.jpg/125px-Pippin_al%C3%A1%C3%ADr%C3%A1sa.jpg" decoding="async" width="125" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Pippin_al%C3%A1%C3%ADr%C3%A1sa.jpg/188px-Pippin_al%C3%A1%C3%ADr%C3%A1sa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Pippin_al%C3%A1%C3%ADr%C3%A1sa.jpg/250px-Pippin_al%C3%A1%C3%ADr%C3%A1sa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="99" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b><span lang="fr" dir="ltr">Pepin</span><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Short</b> (<a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: <i lang="la">Pipinus</i>; <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: <i lang="fr">Pépin le Bref</i>; <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 714</span> – 24 September 768), was <a href="/wiki/King_of_the_Franks" class="mw-redirect" title="King of the Franks">King of the Franks</a> from 751 until his death in 768. He was the first <a href="/wiki/Carolingian_dynasty" title="Carolingian dynasty">Carolingian</a> to become king.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERiché199365_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERiché199365-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><span lang="fr" dir="ltr">Pepin</span> was the son of the Frankish prince <a href="/wiki/Charles_Martel" title="Charles Martel">Charles Martel</a> and his wife <a href="/wiki/Rotrude_of_Hesbaye" title="Rotrude of Hesbaye">Rotrude</a>. Pepin's upbringing was distinguished by the ecclesiastical education he had received from the <a href="/wiki/Christian_monasticism" title="Christian monasticism">Christian monks</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_Saint-Denis" title="Basilica of Saint-Denis">Abbey Church of St. Denis</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>. Succeeding his father as the <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_the_Palace" class="mw-redirect" title="Mayor of the Palace">Mayor of the Palace</a> in 741, Pepin reigned over <a href="/wiki/Francia" title="Francia">Francia</a> jointly with his elder brother, <a href="/wiki/Carloman_(mayor_of_the_palace)" title="Carloman (mayor of the palace)">Carloman</a>. Pepin ruled in <a href="/wiki/Neustria" title="Neustria">Neustria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Burgundy" title="Burgundy">Burgundy</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Provence" title="Provence">Provence</a>, while his older brother Carloman established himself in <a href="/wiki/Austrasia" title="Austrasia">Austrasia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alemannia" class="mw-redirect" title="Alemannia">Alemannia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Thuringia" title="Thuringia">Thuringia</a>. The brothers were active in suppressing revolts led by the <a href="/wiki/Bavarians" title="Bavarians">Bavarians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aquitanians" class="mw-redirect" title="Aquitanians">Aquitanians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saxons" title="Saxons">Saxons</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Alemanni" title="Alemanni">Alemanni</a> in the early years of their reign. In 743, they ended the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Frankish_Interregnum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frankish Interregnum (page does not exist)">Frankish Interregnum</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interr%C3%A8gne_franc" class="extiw" title="fr:Interrègne franc">fr</a>]</span> by choosing <a href="/wiki/Childeric_III" title="Childeric III">Childeric III</a>, who was to be the last <a href="/wiki/Merovingian_dynasty" title="Merovingian dynasty">Merovingian monarch</a>, as figurehead King of the Franks.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Being well disposed towards the <a href="/wiki/Christian_Church" title="Christian Church">Christian Church</a> and <a href="/wiki/Papacy" class="mw-redirect" title="Papacy">Papacy</a> on account of their ecclesiastical upbringing, Pepin and Carloman continued their father's work in supporting <a href="/wiki/Saint_Boniface" title="Saint Boniface">Saint Boniface</a> in reforming the Frankish church and evangelizing the Saxons. After Carloman, an intensely pious man, retired to religious life in 747, Pepin became the sole ruler of the Franks. He suppressed a revolt led by his half-brother <a href="/wiki/Grifo_(noble)" title="Grifo (noble)">Grifo</a> and succeeded in becoming the undisputed master of all Francia. Giving up pretense, Pepin then forced Childeric into a monastery and had himself proclaimed King of the Franks with the support of <a href="/wiki/Pope_Zachary" title="Pope Zachary">Pope Zachary</a> in 751. Not all members of the Carolingian family supported the decision, and Pepin had to put down a revolt led by Carloman's son, <a href="/wiki/Drogo_(mayor_of_the_palace)" title="Drogo (mayor of the palace)">Drogo</a>,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> and again by Grifo.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>As King of the Franks, Pepin embarked on an ambitious program to expand his power. He reformed the Franks' legislation and continued Boniface's ecclesiastical reforms. Pepin also intervened in favour of the Papacy of <a href="/wiki/Pope_Stephen_II" title="Pope Stephen II">Stephen II</a> against the <a href="/wiki/Lombards" title="Lombards">Lombards</a> in <a href="/wiki/Italy_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="Italy in the Middle Ages">Italy</a>. In the midsummer of 754, Stephen II anointed Pepin afresh,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> together with his two sons, Charles and Carloman.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ceremony took place in the <a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_Saint-Denis" title="Basilica of Saint-Denis">Abbey Church of St. Denis</a>, and the Pope formally forbade the Franks ever to elect as king anyone who was not of the sacred race of Pepin. He also bestowed upon Pepin and his sons the title of <i>Patrician of Rome</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pepin was able to secure several cities, which he then gave to the Pope as part of the <a href="/wiki/Donation_of_Pepin" title="Donation of Pepin">Donation of Pepin</a>. This formed the legal basis for the <a href="/wiki/Papal_States" title="Papal States">Papal States</a> in the Middle Ages. The <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Greeks</a>, keen to make good relations with the growing power of the Frankish Empire, gave Pepin the title of <i><a href="/wiki/Patrician_(ancient_Rome)" title="Patrician (ancient Rome)">Patricius</a></i>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In wars of <a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Expansion_of_the_Frankish_realm">expansion for the Frankish realm</a>, Pepin conquered <a href="/wiki/Septimania" title="Septimania">Septimania</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Umayyad_caliphate" class="mw-redirect" title="Umayyad caliphate">Umayyad</a> and <a href="/wiki/Al-Andalus" title="Al-Andalus">Andalusian</a> <a href="/wiki/Muslims" title="Muslims">Muslims</a> and defeated them at the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Narbonne_(752%E2%80%93759)" title="Siege of Narbonne (752–759)">siege of Narbonne in 759</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Deanesly_2019_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Deanesly_2019-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Collins_1998_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Collins_1998-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and proceeded to subjugate the southern realms by repeatedly defeating <a href="/wiki/Waiofar" title="Waiofar">Waiofar</a> and his <a href="/wiki/Gascony" title="Gascony">Gascon</a> troops, after which the Gascon and Aquitanian lords saw no option but to pledge loyalty to the Franks. Pepin was, however, troubled by the relentless revolts of the Saxons and the Bavarians. He campaigned tirelessly in <a href="/wiki/Germania" title="Germania">Germania</a> as well, but the final subjugation of the <a href="/wiki/Germanic_peoples" title="Germanic peoples">Germanic tribes</a> was left to his successors.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Pepin died in 768 from unknown causes and was succeeded by his sons <a href="/wiki/Charlemagne" title="Charlemagne">Charlemagne</a> and <a href="/wiki/Carloman_I" title="Carloman I">Carloman</a>. Although Pepin was one of the most powerful and successful rulers of his time, his reign is largely overshadowed by that of his more famous son, Charlemagne.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Assumption_of_power">Assumption of power</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pepin_the_Short&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Assumption of power"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pepin's father <a href="/wiki/Charles_Martel" title="Charles Martel">Charles Martel</a> died in 741. He divided the rule of the Frankish kingdom between Pepin and his elder brother, <a href="/wiki/Carloman,_Mayor_of_the_Palace" class="mw-redirect" title="Carloman, Mayor of the Palace">Carloman</a>, his surviving sons by his first wife: Carloman became Mayor of the Palace of Austrasia, Pepin became Mayor of the Palace of Neustria. <a href="/wiki/Grifo_(noble)" title="Grifo (noble)">Grifo</a>, Charles's son by his second wife, Swanahild (also known as Swanhilde), demanded a share in the inheritance, but he was <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Laon_(741)" title="Siege of Laon (741)">besieged</a> in <a href="/wiki/Laon" title="Laon">Laon</a>, forced to surrender and imprisoned in a <a href="/wiki/Monastery" title="Monastery">monastery</a> by his two half-brothers.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In the Frankish realm, the kingdom's unity was essentially connected with the king's person. So Carloman, to secure this unity, raised the Merovingian Childeric to the throne (743). Then, in 747, Carloman resolved to enter a monastery after years of consideration.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This left Francia in the hands of Pepin as sole mayor of the palace and <i>dux et princeps Francorum</i>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>At the time of Carloman's retirement, Grifo escaped his imprisonment and fled to Duke <a href="/wiki/Odilo_of_Bavaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Odilo of Bavaria">Odilo of Bavaria</a>, who was married to Hiltrude, Pepin's sister. Pepin put down the renewed revolt led by his half-brother and successfully restored the kingdom's boundaries. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · 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.sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/Carolingian_dynasty" title="Carolingian dynasty">Carolingian dynasty</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Charlemagne_autograph.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Charlemagne_autograph.svg/75px-Charlemagne_autograph.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="65" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Charlemagne_autograph.svg/113px-Charlemagne_autograph.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Charlemagne_autograph.svg/150px-Charlemagne_autograph.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="586" data-file-height="509" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Pippinids" title="Pippinids">Pippinids</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pippin_the_Elder" class="mw-redirect" title="Pippin the Elder">Pippin the Elder</a> (c. 580–640)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grimoald_the_Elder" title="Grimoald the Elder">Grimoald</a> (616–656)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Childebert_the_Adopted" title="Childebert the Adopted">Childebert the Adopted</a> (d. 662)</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Arnulfings" class="mw-redirect" title="Arnulfings">Arnulfings</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arnulf_of_Metz" title="Arnulf of Metz">Arnulf of Metz</a> (582–640)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ansegisel" title="Ansegisel">Ansegisel</a> (d. 662 or 679)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chlodulf_of_Metz" title="Chlodulf of Metz">Chlodulf of Metz</a> (d. 696 or 697)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pepin_of_Herstal" title="Pepin of Herstal">Pepin of Herstal</a> (635–714)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grimoald_the_Younger" title="Grimoald the Younger">Grimoald II</a> (d. 714)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drogo_of_Champagne" title="Drogo of Champagne">Drogo of Champagne</a> (670–708)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theudoald" title="Theudoald">Theudoald</a> (d. 741)</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Carolingian_dynasty" title="Carolingian dynasty">Carolingians</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Martel" title="Charles Martel">Charles Martel</a> (686–741)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carloman_(mayor_of_the_palace)" title="Carloman (mayor of the palace)">Carloman</a> (d. 754)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pepin the Short</a> (714–768)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carloman_I" title="Carloman I">Carloman I</a> (751–771)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlemagne" title="Charlemagne">Charlemagne</a> (742–814)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pepin_the_Hunchback" class="mw-redirect" title="Pepin the Hunchback">Pepin the Hunchback</a> (768–811)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_the_Younger" title="Charles the Younger">Charles the Younger</a> (772–811)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pepin_of_Italy" title="Pepin of Italy">Pepin of Italy</a> (773–810)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_the_Pious" title="Louis the Pious">Louis the Pious</a> (778–840)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pepin_I_of_Aquitaine" title="Pepin I of Aquitaine">Pepin I of Aquitaine</a> (797–838)</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">After the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Verdun" title="Treaty of Verdun">Treaty of Verdun</a> (843)</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lothair_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" class="mw-redirect" title="Lothair I, Holy Roman Emperor">Lothair I, Holy Roman Emperor</a><br />(795–855; <a href="/wiki/Middle_Francia" title="Middle Francia">Middle Francia</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_the_Bald" title="Charles the Bald">Charles the Bald</a> (823–877)<br />(<a href="/wiki/West_Francia" title="West Francia">West Francia</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_the_German" title="Louis the German">Louis the German</a> (804–876)<br />(<a href="/wiki/East_Francia" title="East Francia">East Francia</a>)</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Carolingians" title="Template:Carolingians"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Carolingians" title="Template talk:Carolingians"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Carolingians" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Carolingians"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Under the reorganization of Francia by Charles Martel, the <i>dux et princeps Francorum</i> was the commander of the kingdom's armies, in addition to his administrative duties as mayor of the palace.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchulman2002101_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchulman2002101-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="First_Carolingian_king">First Carolingian king <span class="anchor" id="First_Carolingian_king"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pepin_the_Short&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: First Carolingian king"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pepin_le_Bref.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Pepin_le_Bref.jpg/220px-Pepin_le_Bref.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="373" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b3/Pepin_le_Bref.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="264" data-file-height="447" /></a><figcaption>Coronation in 751 of Pepin by <a href="/wiki/Saint_Boniface" title="Saint Boniface">Boniface, Archbishop of Mainz</a></figcaption></figure> <p>As mayor of the palace, Pepin was formally subject to the decisions of <a href="/wiki/Childeric_III" title="Childeric III">Childeric III</a>, who had only the title of king, with no power. Since Pepin had control over the magnates and had the power of a king, he now addressed to <a href="/wiki/Pope_Zachary" title="Pope Zachary">Pope Zachary</a> a suggestive question: </p> <dl><dd><i>In regard to the kings of the Franks who no longer possess the royal power: is this state of things proper?</i></dd></dl> <p>Hard pressed by the <a href="/wiki/Lombards" title="Lombards">Lombards</a>, Pope Zachary welcomed this move by the Franks to end an intolerable condition and lay the constitutional foundations for exercising royal power. The Pope replied that such a state of things is not proper. Under these circumstances, the wielder of actual power should be called King. After this decision, Childeric III was deposed and confined to a monastery. He was the last of the Merovingians. </p><p>Pepin was then elected King of the Franks by an assembly of Frankish nobles, with a large portion of his army on hand. The earliest account of his election and anointing is the <i><a href="/wiki/Clausula_de_Pippino" title="Clausula de Pippino">Clausula de Pippino</a></i>, written around 767. Meanwhile, Grifo continued his rebellion but was eventually killed in the battle of <a href="/wiki/Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne" title="Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne">Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne</a> in 753. </p><p>Pepin was assisted by his friend <a href="/wiki/Vergilius_of_Salzburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Vergilius of Salzburg">Vergilius of Salzburg</a>, an Irish monk who probably used a copy of the "<a href="/wiki/Collectio_canonum_Hibernensis" title="Collectio canonum Hibernensis">Collectio canonum Hibernensis</a>" (an Irish collection of canon law) to advise him to receive royal unction to assist his recognition as king.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEnright1985ix,_198_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEnright1985ix,_198-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Anointed a first time in 751 in <a href="/wiki/Soissons" title="Soissons">Soissons</a>, Pepin added to his power after <a href="/wiki/Pope_Stephen_II" title="Pope Stephen II">Pope Stephen II</a> traveled to <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> to anoint him a second time in a lavish ceremony at the Basilica of St Denis in 754, bestowing upon him the additional title of Patricius Romanorum (Patrician of the Romans). This was the first recorded crowning of a civil ruler by a Pope.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As life expectancies were short in those days, and Pepin wanted family continuity, the Pope also anointed Pepin's sons, Charles (eventually known as Charlemagne), who was 12, and Carloman, who was 3. </p><p>The significance of the anointment ceremony is visible in that the Pope newly adopted it and was unheard of in Rome. This, together with granting the title of Patrician of the Romans, which was connected to the role of Defensor Civitatis (protector of oppressed citizens), meant that Pepin was now designated as the defender of the Church.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Expansion_of_the_Frankish_realm">Expansion of the Frankish realm</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pepin_the_Short&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Expansion of the Frankish realm"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Muslim_troops_leaving_Narbonne_to_Pepin_le_Bref_in_759.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Muslim_troops_leaving_Narbonne_to_Pepin_le_Bref_in_759.jpg/220px-Muslim_troops_leaving_Narbonne_to_Pepin_le_Bref_in_759.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Muslim_troops_leaving_Narbonne_to_Pepin_le_Bref_in_759.jpg/330px-Muslim_troops_leaving_Narbonne_to_Pepin_le_Bref_in_759.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Muslim_troops_leaving_Narbonne_to_Pepin_le_Bref_in_759.jpg/440px-Muslim_troops_leaving_Narbonne_to_Pepin_le_Bref_in_759.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2618" data-file-height="2085" /></a><figcaption>Muslim troops leaving <a href="/wiki/Narbonne" title="Narbonne">Narbonne</a> in 759, after 40 years of occupation</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:North_and_south_of_the_Pyrenees_(Year_760).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/North_and_south_of_the_Pyrenees_%28Year_760%29.jpg/220px-North_and_south_of_the_Pyrenees_%28Year_760%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/North_and_south_of_the_Pyrenees_%28Year_760%29.jpg/330px-North_and_south_of_the_Pyrenees_%28Year_760%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/North_and_south_of_the_Pyrenees_%28Year_760%29.jpg/440px-North_and_south_of_the_Pyrenees_%28Year_760%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="549" data-file-height="478" /></a><figcaption>Pepin's expedition to Septimania and Aquitaine (760)</figcaption></figure> <p>Pepin's first major act as king was to go to war against the Lombard king <a href="/wiki/Aistulf" title="Aistulf">Aistulf</a>, who had expanded into the <i><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Rome" title="Duchy of Rome">ducatus Romanus</a></i>. After a meeting with Pope Stephen II at Ponthion, Pepin forced the Lombard king to return the seized property from the Church.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrown1995328_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrown1995328-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He confirmed the papacy in possession of <a href="/wiki/Ravenna" title="Ravenna">Ravenna</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Pentapolis" title="Pentapolis">Pentapolis</a>, the so-called <a href="/wiki/Donation_of_Pepin" title="Donation of Pepin">Donation of Pepin</a>, whereby the <a href="/wiki/Papal_States" title="Papal States">Papal States</a> were established, and the temporal reign of the papacy officially began.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrown1995328_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrown1995328-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At about 752, he turned his attention to Septimania. The new king headed south in a military expedition down the <a href="/wiki/Rhone" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhone">Rhone</a> valley. He received the submission of eastern <a href="/wiki/Septimania" title="Septimania">Septimania</a> (i.e., <a href="/wiki/N%C3%AEmes" title="Nîmes">Nîmes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maguelone" class="mw-redirect" title="Maguelone">Maguelone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Beziers" class="mw-redirect" title="Beziers">Beziers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Agde" title="Agde">Agde</a>) after securing count <a href="/wiki/Ansemund" title="Ansemund">Ansemund's</a> allegiance. The Frankish king went on to invest <a href="/wiki/Narbonne" title="Narbonne">Narbonne</a>, the main <a href="/wiki/Umayyad" class="mw-redirect" title="Umayyad">Umayyad</a> stronghold in Septimania, but could not capture it from the <a href="/wiki/Iberia" class="mw-redirect" title="Iberia">Iberian</a> <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Muslims</a> until seven years later <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Narbonne_(752%E2%80%93759)" title="Siege of Narbonne (752–759)">in 759</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELewis2010chapter_1_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELewis2010chapter_1-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> when they were driven out to Hispania. </p><p>However, Aquitaine remained under <a href="/wiki/Waiofar" title="Waiofar">Waiofar</a>'s Gascon-Aquitanian rule and beyond Frankish reach. Duke Waiofar appears to have confiscated Church lands, maybe distributing them among his troops. In 760, after conquering the <a href="/wiki/Roussillon" title="Roussillon">Roussillon</a> from the Muslims and denouncing Waiofar's actions, Pepin moved his troops over to <a href="/wiki/History_of_Toulouse#508–768:_Merovingian_Franks_and_the_duchy_of_Aquitaine" title="History of Toulouse">Toulouse</a> and <a href="/wiki/Albi" title="Albi">Albi</a>, ravaged with fire and sword most of <a href="/wiki/Aquitaine#Early_Middle_Ages" title="Aquitaine">Aquitaine</a>, and, in retaliation, counts loyal to Waiofar ravaged Burgundy.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPetersen2013728_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPetersen2013728-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pepin, in turn, besieged the Aquitanian-held towns and strongholds of <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Bourbon_(761)" title="Siege of Bourbon (761)">Bourbon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Clermont_(761)" title="Siege of Clermont (761)">Clermont</a>, <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Chantelle_(761)" title="Siege of Chantelle (761)">Chantelle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Bourges_(762)" title="Siege of Bourges (762)">Bourges</a> and <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Thouars_(762)" title="Siege of Thouars (762)">Thouars</a>, defended by Waiofar's <a href="/wiki/Gascony" title="Gascony">Gascon</a> troops, who were overcome, captured and deported into northern France with their children and wives.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPetersen2013728–731_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPetersen2013728–731-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 763, Pepin advanced further into the heart of Waiofar's domains and captured major strongholds (Poitiers, Limoges, Angoulême, etc.), after which Waiofar counterattacked and war became bitter. Pepin opted to spread terror, burning villas, destroying vineyards, and depopulating monasteries. By 765, the brutal tactics seemed to pay off for the Franks, who destroyed resistance in central Aquitaine and devastated the whole region. The city of <a href="/wiki/Toulouse" title="Toulouse">Toulouse</a> was <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Toulouse_(767)" title="Siege of Toulouse (767)">conquered</a> by Pepin in 767, as was Waiofar's capital of <a href="/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux">Bordeaux</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETucker2011215_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETucker2011215-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As a result, Aquitanian nobles and Gascons from beyond the Garonne also saw no option but to accept a pro-Frankish peace treaty (Fronsac, c. 768). Waiofar escaped but was assassinated by his frustrated followers in 768. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pepin_the_Short&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Pepin_the_Short" title="Special:EditPage/Pepin the Short">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:With_one_blow_Pepin_cut_off_the_lion%27s_head,_and_with_a_second_the_bull%27s.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/With_one_blow_Pepin_cut_off_the_lion%27s_head%2C_and_with_a_second_the_bull%27s.jpg/250px-With_one_blow_Pepin_cut_off_the_lion%27s_head%2C_and_with_a_second_the_bull%27s.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/With_one_blow_Pepin_cut_off_the_lion%27s_head%2C_and_with_a_second_the_bull%27s.jpg/375px-With_one_blow_Pepin_cut_off_the_lion%27s_head%2C_and_with_a_second_the_bull%27s.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/With_one_blow_Pepin_cut_off_the_lion%27s_head%2C_and_with_a_second_the_bull%27s.jpg/500px-With_one_blow_Pepin_cut_off_the_lion%27s_head%2C_and_with_a_second_the_bull%27s.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2095" data-file-height="1613" /></a><figcaption>Allegoric depiction of Pepin</figcaption></figure> <p>Pepin died on campaign in 768 at the age of 54. He was interred in the <a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_Saint_Denis" class="mw-redirect" title="Basilica of Saint Denis">Basilica of Saint Denis</a> in modern-day <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Paris" class="mw-redirect" title="Metropolitan Paris">Metropolitan Paris</a>. His wife <a href="/wiki/Bertrada_of_Laon" title="Bertrada of Laon">Bertrada</a> was also interred there in 783. Charlemagne rebuilt the Basilica in honor of his parents and placed markers at the entrance. </p><p>The Frankish realm was divided according to the <a href="/wiki/Salic_law" title="Salic law">Salic law</a> between his two sons: <a href="/wiki/Charlemagne" title="Charlemagne">Charlemagne</a> and <a href="/wiki/Carloman_I" title="Carloman I">Carloman I</a>. </p><p>Historical opinion<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch"><span title="The material near this tag possibly uses too-vague attribution or weasel words. (April 2021)">who?</span></a></i>]</sup> often seems to regard him as the lesser son and lesser father of two greater men, though a great man in his own right. He continued building up the <a href="/wiki/Heavy_cavalry" title="Heavy cavalry">heavy cavalry</a> his father had begun. He maintained the standing army that his father had found necessary to protect the realm and form the core of its whole army in wartime. He not only contained the Spanish Muslims as his father had but drove them out of what is now <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> and, as important, he managed to subdue the Aquitanians and the Gascons after three generations of on-off clashes, opening the gate to central and southern Gaul and Muslim Spain. He continued his father's expansion of the Frankish church (missionary work in <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> and <a href="/wiki/Scandinavia" title="Scandinavia">Scandinavia</a>) and the institutional infrastructure (<a href="/wiki/Feudalism" title="Feudalism">feudalism</a>) that would prove the backbone of medieval Europe. </p><p>His rule was historically significant and greatly beneficial to the <a href="/wiki/Franks" title="Franks">Franks</a> as a people. Pepin's assumption of the crown and the title of Patrician of <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a> were harbingers of his son's imperial coronation. He made the Carolingians the ruling dynasty of the <a href="/wiki/Franks" title="Franks">Franks</a> and the foremost power of <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Family">Family</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pepin_the_Short&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Family"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pepin married Leutberga from the <a href="/wiki/Danube" title="Danube">Danube</a> region. They had five children. She was repudiated sometime after the birth of Charlemagne, and her children were sent to convents.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In 741, Pepin married <a href="/wiki/Bertrada_of_Laon" title="Bertrada of Laon">Bertrada</a>, daughter of <a href="/wiki/Caribert_of_Laon" class="mw-redirect" title="Caribert of Laon">Caribert of Laon</a>. They are known to have had eight children, at least three of whom survived to adulthood: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charlemagne" title="Charlemagne">Charles</a> (Charlemagne) (2 April 742 – 28 January 814)</li> <li>Unnamed son 746-746 died day of birth</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carloman,_son_of_Pippin_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Carloman, son of Pippin III">Carloman</a> (751 – 4 December 771)</li> <li>Pepin (756–762)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gisela_(daughter_of_Pepin_the_Short)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gisela (daughter of Pepin the Short)">Gisela</a> (757–810)</li> <li>Berthe, died young</li> <li>Adelais (Adelaide), died young, buried in Metz</li> <li>Chrothais (Rothaide), died young, buried in Metz.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pepin_the_Short&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pronounced <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'p' in 'pie'">p</span><span title="/ɛ/: 'e' in 'dress'">ɛ</span><span title="'p' in 'pie'">p</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span></span>/</a></span></span>; rarely, his name may be spelled <i>Peppin</i> or <i>Pippin</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pepin_the_Short&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDuckett2022">Duckett 2022</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERiché199365-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERiché199365_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRiché1993">Riché 1993</a>, p. 65.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDoig2008">Doig 2008</a>, p. 110</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDuckett2022">Duckett 2022</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFR.H.C1957">R.H.C 1957</a>, p. 133</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Deanesly_2019-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Deanesly_2019_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFDeanesly2019" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Deanesly" title="Margaret Deanesly">Deanesly, Margaret</a> (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=20ufDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT244">"The Later Merovingians"</a>. <i>A History of Early Medieval Europe: From 476–911</i>. Routledge Library Editions: The Medieval World (1st ed.). <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>: <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. pp. 244–245. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780367184582" title="Special:BookSources/9780367184582"><bdi>9780367184582</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Later+Merovingians&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Early+Medieval+Europe%3A+From+476%E2%80%93911&rft.place=London+and+New+York+City&rft.series=Routledge+Library+Editions%3A+The+Medieval+World&rft.pages=244-245&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=9780367184582&rft.aulast=Deanesly&rft.aufirst=Margaret&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D20ufDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT244&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APepin+the+Short" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Collins_1998-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Collins_1998_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCollins1998" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Roger_Collins" title="Roger Collins">Collins, Roger</a> (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=05IVoPSfb48C&pg=PA66">"Italy and Spain, 773–801"</a>. <i>Charlemagne</i>. <a href="/wiki/Buffalo,_New_York" title="Buffalo, New York">Buffalo</a>, <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a>: <a href="/wiki/Palgrave_Macmillan" title="Palgrave Macmillan">Palgrave Macmillan</a>/<a href="/wiki/University_of_Toronto_Press" title="University of Toronto Press">University of Toronto Press</a>. pp. 65–66. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-1-349-26924-2_4">10.1007/978-1-349-26924-2_4</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-349-26924-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-349-26924-2"><bdi>978-1-349-26924-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Italy+and+Spain%2C+773%E2%80%93801&rft.btitle=Charlemagne&rft.place=Buffalo%2C+London%2C+and+Toronto&rft.pages=65-66&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan%2FUniversity+of+Toronto+Press&rft.date=1998&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-1-349-26924-2_4&rft.isbn=978-1-349-26924-2&rft.aulast=Collins&rft.aufirst=Roger&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D05IVoPSfb48C%26pg%3DPA66&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APepin+the+Short" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDuckett2022">Duckett 2022</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESchulman2002101-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchulman2002101_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSchulman2002">Schulman 2002</a>, p. 101.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEnright1985ix,_198-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEnright1985ix,_198_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEnright1985">Enright 1985</a>, p. ix, 198.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKazhdan1991">Kazhdan 1991</a><span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> harvnb error: no target: CITEREFKazhdan1991 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFUllmann2013">Ullmann 2013</a>, pp. 67–69</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrown1995328-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrown1995328_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrown1995328_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBrown1995">Brown 1995</a>, p. 328.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELewis2010chapter_1-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELewis2010chapter_1_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLewis2010">Lewis 2010</a>, p. chapter 1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPetersen2013728-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPetersen2013728_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPetersen2013">Petersen 2013</a>, p. 728.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPetersen2013728–731-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPetersen2013728–731_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPetersen2013">Petersen 2013</a>, pp. 728–731.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETucker2011215-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETucker2011215_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTucker2011">Tucker 2011</a>, p. 215.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pepin_the_Short&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrown1995" class="citation book cs1">Brown, T.S. (1995). "Byzantine Italy". In McKitterick, Rosamond (ed.). <i>The New Cambridge Medieval History, c. 700–c. 900</i>. Vol. II. Cambridge University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Byzantine+Italy&rft.btitle=The+New+Cambridge+Medieval+History%2C+c.+700%E2%80%93c.+900&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=T.S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APepin+the+Short" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDoig2008" class="citation book cs1">Doig, Allan (2008). <i>Liturgy and architecture from the early church to the Middle Ages</i>. Ashgate. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0754652748" title="Special:BookSources/978-0754652748"><bdi>978-0754652748</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Liturgy+and+architecture+from+the+early+church+to+the+Middle+Ages&rft.pub=Ashgate&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0754652748&rft.aulast=Doig&rft.aufirst=Allan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APepin+the+Short" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDuckett2022" class="citation web cs1">Duckett, Eleanor Shipley (20 September 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Pippin-III">"Pippin III"</a>. <i>www.britannica.com</i>. Encyclopedia Britannica<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-09-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.britannica.com&rft.atitle=Pippin+III&rft.date=2022-09-20&rft.aulast=Duckett&rft.aufirst=Eleanor+Shipley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FPippin-III&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APepin+the+Short" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDutton2008" class="citation book cs1">Dutton, Paul Edward (2008). <i>Charlemagne's Mustache: And Other Cultural Clusters of a Dark Age</i>. Palgrave Macmillan.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Charlemagne%27s+Mustache%3A+And+Other+Cultural+Clusters+of+a+Dark+Age&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=Dutton&rft.aufirst=Paul+Edward&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APepin+the+Short" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEnright1985" class="citation book cs1">Enright, M.J. (1985). <i>Iona, Tara, and Soissons: The Origin of the Royal Anointing Ritual</i>. Walter de Gruyter.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Iona%2C+Tara%2C+and+Soissons%3A+The+Origin+of+the+Royal+Anointing+Ritual&rft.pub=Walter+de+Gruyter&rft.date=1985&rft.aulast=Enright&rft.aufirst=M.J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APepin+the+Short" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKazhdanTalbot,_Alice-Mary_MaffryCutler,_Anthony,_1934–Gregory,_Timothy_E.1991" class="citation book cs1">Kazhdan, Alexander P. (Aleksandr Petrovich), 1922–1997; <a href="/wiki/Alice-Mary_Talbot" title="Alice-Mary Talbot">Talbot, Alice-Mary Maffry</a>; Cutler, Anthony, 1934–; Gregory, Timothy E.; Ševčenko, Nancy Patterson (1991). <i>The Oxford dictionary of Byzantium</i>. New York: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0195046528" title="Special:BookSources/0195046528"><bdi>0195046528</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/22733550">22733550</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+dictionary+of+Byzantium&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1991&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F22733550&rft.isbn=0195046528&rft.aulast=Kazhdan&rft.aufirst=Alexander+P.+%28Aleksandr+Petrovich%29%2C+1922%E2%80%931997&rft.au=Talbot%2C+Alice-Mary+Maffry&rft.au=Cutler%2C+Anthony%2C+1934%E2%80%93&rft.au=Gregory%2C+Timothy+E.&rft.au=%C5%A0ev%C4%8Denko%2C+Nancy+Patterson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APepin+the+Short" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLewis2010" class="citation book cs1">Lewis, Archibald R. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://libro.uca.edu/lewis/sfc1.htm"><i>The Development of Southern French and Catalan Society, 718–1050</i></a>. The Library of Iberian Resources Online.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Development+of+Southern+French+and+Catalan+Society%2C+718%E2%80%931050&rft.pub=The+Library+of+Iberian+Resources+Online&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=Archibald+R.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flibro.uca.edu%2Flewis%2Fsfc1.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APepin+the+Short" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPetersen2013" class="citation book cs1">Petersen, Leif Inge Ree (2013). <i>Siege Warfare and Military Organization in the Successor States (400–800 AD): Byzantium, the West and Islam</i>. Leiden: <a href="/wiki/Brill_Publishers" title="Brill Publishers">Brill Publishers</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-25199-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-25199-1"><bdi>978-90-04-25199-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Siege+Warfare+and+Military+Organization+in+the+Successor+States+%28400%E2%80%93800+AD%29%3A+Byzantium%2C+the+West+and+Islam&rft.place=Leiden&rft.pub=Brill+Publishers&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-90-04-25199-1&rft.aulast=Petersen&rft.aufirst=Leif+Inge+Ree&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APepin+the+Short" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFR.H.C1957" class="citation book cs1">R.H.C, Davis (1957). <i>A History of Medieval Europe – From Constantine to Saint Louis</i>. Great Britain: Longman. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0582482089" title="Special:BookSources/0582482089"><bdi>0582482089</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Medieval+Europe+%E2%80%93+From+Constantine+to+Saint+Louis&rft.place=Great+Britain&rft.pub=Longman&rft.date=1957&rft.isbn=0582482089&rft.aulast=R.H.C&rft.aufirst=Davis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APepin+the+Short" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRiché1993" class="citation book cs1">Riché, Pierre (1993). <i>The Carolingians: A Family Who Forged Europe</i>. Translated by Allen, Michael Idomir. University of Pennsylvania Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Carolingians%3A+A+Family+Who+Forged+Europe&rft.pub=University+of+Pennsylvania+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.aulast=Rich%C3%A9&rft.aufirst=Pierre&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APepin+the+Short" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchulman2002" class="citation book cs1">Schulman, Jana K., ed. (2002). <i>The Rise of the Medieval World, 500–1300: A Biographical Dictionary</i>. Greenwood Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Rise+of+the+Medieval+World%2C+500%E2%80%931300%3A+A+Biographical+Dictionary&rft.pub=Greenwood+Press&rft.date=2002&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APepin+the+Short" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTucker2011" class="citation book cs1">Tucker, Spencer C., ed. (2011). <i>A Global Chronology of Conflict</i>. Vol. I. ABC-CLIO.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Global+Chronology+of+Conflict&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2011&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APepin+the+Short" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUllmann2013" class="citation book cs1">Ullmann, Walter (2013). <i>Growth of Papal Government in Middle Ages – Study in Ideological Relation of Clerical to Lay Power</i>. Routledge.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Growth+of+Papal+Government+in+Middle+Ages+%E2%80%93+Study+in+Ideological+Relation+of+Clerical+to+Lay+Power&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=Ullmann&rft.aufirst=Walter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APepin+the+Short" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Bradbury, Jim (2007). <i>The Capetians: Kings of France.</i></li></ul> <p>Unnamed son; Annales Regni Francorum </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pepin_the_Short&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:P%C3%A9pin_le_Bref" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Pépin le Bref">Pepin the Short</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://portal.dnb.de/opac.htm?method=simpleSearch&cqlMode=true&query=idn%3D118594540">Literatur über Pippin den Jüngeren</a> in the <a href="/wiki/German_National_Library" title="German National Library">German National Library</a> catalogue</li> <li>Document by Pepin for Fulda Abbey, 760, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lba.hist.uni-marburg.de/lba-cgi/kleioc/0010KlLBA/exec/showrecord/zugangsnummer/%222621%22">"digitalised image"</a>. <i>Photograph Archive of Old Original Documents (<span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Lichtbildarchiv älterer Originalurkunden</i></span>)</i>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Marburg" title="University of Marburg">University of Marburg</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Photograph+Archive+of+Old+Original+Documents+%28%3Cspan+title%3D%22German-language+text%22%3E%3Ci+lang%3D%22de%22%3ELichtbildarchiv+%C3%A4lterer+Originalurkunden%3C%2Fi%3E%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3AArticles+containing+German-language+text%29&rft.atitle=digitalised+image&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flba.hist.uni-marburg.de%2Flba-cgi%2Fkleioc%2F0010KlLBA%2Fexec%2Fshowrecord%2Fzugangsnummer%2F%25222621%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APepin+the+Short" class="Z3988"></span>.</li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFD700; text-align:center;"><div>Pepin the Short </div><div><b><a href="/wiki/Carolingian" class="mw-redirect" title="Carolingian">Carolingian Dynasty</a></b></div><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-size:90%; margin:2em"><b>Born:</b> 714</span><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-size:90%; margin:2em"> <b>Died:</b> 768</span> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Martel" title="Charles Martel">Charles Martel</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Mayors_of_the_Palaces" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Mayors of the Palaces">Mayor of the Palace of Neustria</a> </b><br />741–751 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="2"><b>Merged into crown </b> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Carloman,_son_of_Charles_Martel" class="mw-redirect" title="Carloman, son of Charles Martel">Carloman</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Mayors_of_the_Palaces" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Mayors of the Palaces">Mayor of the Palace of Austrasia</a> </b><br />747–751 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Childeric_III" title="Childeric III">Childeric III</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/King_of_the_Franks" class="mw-redirect" title="King of the Franks">King of the Franks</a> </b><br />751 – 24 September 768 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Charlemagne" title="Charlemagne">Charlemagne</a> and<br /><a href="/wiki/Carloman_I_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Carloman I of France">Carloman I</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Monarchs_of_France" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Monarchs_of_France" title="Template:Monarchs of France"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Monarchs_of_France" title="Template talk:Monarchs of France"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Monarchs_of_France" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Monarchs of France"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Monarchs_of_France" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Monarchs of France</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Family_tree_of_French_monarchs" title="Family tree of French monarchs">Detailed family tree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_tree_of_French_monarchs_(simple)" class="mw-redirect" title="Family tree of French monarchs (simple)">Simplified family tree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Frankish_kings" title="List of Frankish kings">List of Frankish kings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_monarchs" title="List of French monarchs">List of French monarchs</a></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Merovingian_dynasty" title="Merovingian dynasty">Merovingians</a> (509–751)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clovis_I" title="Clovis I">Clovis I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Childebert_I" title="Childebert I">Childebert I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chlothar_I" title="Chlothar I">Chlothar I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charibert_I" title="Charibert I">Charibert I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guntram" title="Guntram">Guntram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilperic_I" title="Chilperic I">Chilperic I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigebert_I" title="Sigebert I">Sigebert I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Childebert_II" title="Childebert II">Childebert II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chlothar_II" title="Chlothar II">Chlothar II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dagobert_I" title="Dagobert I">Dagobert I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigebert_II" title="Sigebert II">Sigebert II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clovis_II" title="Clovis II">Clovis II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chlothar_III" title="Chlothar III">Chlothar III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Childeric_II" title="Childeric II">Childeric II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theuderic_III" title="Theuderic III">Theuderic III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clovis_IV" title="Clovis IV">Clovis IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Childebert_III" title="Childebert III">Childebert III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dagobert_III" title="Dagobert III">Dagobert III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilperic_II" title="Chilperic II">Chilperic II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chlothar_IV" title="Chlothar IV">Chlothar IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theuderic_IV" title="Theuderic IV">Theuderic IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Childeric_III" title="Childeric III">Childeric III</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Carolingian_dynasty" title="Carolingian dynasty">Carolingians</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Robertians" title="Robertians">Robertians</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bosonids" title="Bosonids">Bosonids</a> (751–987)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pepin the Short</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carloman_I" title="Carloman I">Carloman I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlemagne" title="Charlemagne">Charlemagne</a> (Charles I)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_the_Pious" title="Louis the Pious">Louis I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_the_Bald" title="Charles the Bald">Charles II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_the_Stammerer" title="Louis the Stammerer">Louis II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_III_of_France" title="Louis III of France">Louis III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carloman_II" title="Carloman II">Carloman II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_the_Fat" title="Charles the Fat">Charles the Fat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odo_of_France" title="Odo of France">Odo</a><sup><i>R</i></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_the_Simple" title="Charles the Simple">Charles III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_I_of_France" title="Robert I of France">Robert I</a><sup><i>R</i></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolph_of_France" title="Rudolph of France">Rudolph</a><sup><i>B</i></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_IV_of_France" title="Louis IV of France">Louis IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lothair_of_France" title="Lothair of France">Lothair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_V_of_France" title="Louis V of France">Louis V</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Capet" title="House of Capet">House of Capet</a> (987–1328)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Capet" title="Hugh Capet">Hugh Capet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_II_of_France" title="Robert II of France">Robert II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_I_of_France" title="Henry I of France">Henry I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_I_of_France" title="Philip I of France">Philip I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_VI_of_France" title="Louis VI of France">Louis VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_VII_of_France" title="Louis VII of France">Louis VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_II_of_France" title="Philip II of France">Philip II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_VIII_of_France" title="Louis VIII of France">Louis VIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_IX_of_France" title="Louis IX of France">Louis IX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_III_of_France" title="Philip III of France">Philip III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_IV_of_France" title="Philip IV of France">Philip IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_X_of_France" title="Louis X of France">Louis X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_I_of_France" title="John I of France">John I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_V_of_France" title="Philip V of France">Philip V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_IV_of_France" title="Charles IV of France">Charles IV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Valois" title="House of Valois">House of Valois</a> (1328–1589)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philip_VI_of_France" title="Philip VI of France">Philip VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_II_of_France" title="John II of France">John II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_V_of_France" title="Charles V of France">Charles V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_VI_of_France" title="Charles VI of France">Charles VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_VII_of_France" title="Charles VII of France">Charles VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XI" title="Louis XI">Louis XI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_VIII_of_France" title="Charles VIII of France">Charles VIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XII" title="Louis XII">Louis XII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_I_of_France" title="Francis I of France">Francis I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_II_of_France" title="Henry II of France">Henry II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_II_of_France" title="Francis II of France">Francis II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_IX_of_France" title="Charles IX of France">Charles IX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_III_of_France" title="Henry III of France">Henry III</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.4em;"><i><a href="/wiki/House_of_Lancaster" title="House of Lancaster">House of Lancaster</a></i> <i>(1422–1453)</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Henry_VI_of_England" title="Henry VI of England">Henry VI of England</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Bourbon" title="House of Bourbon">House of Bourbon</a> (1589–1792)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_IV_of_France" title="Henry IV of France">Henry IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XIII" title="Louis XIII">Louis XIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XIV" title="Louis XIV">Louis XIV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XV" title="Louis XV">Louis XV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XVI" title="Louis XVI">Louis XVI</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Louis_XVII" title="Louis XVII">Louis XVII</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Bonaparte" title="House of Bonaparte">House of Bonaparte</a> (1804–1814; 1815)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoleon I</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Napoleon_II" title="Napoleon II">Napoleon II</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Bourbon" title="House of Bourbon">House of Bourbon</a> (1814–1815; 1815–1830)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XVIII" title="Louis XVIII">Louis XVIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_X_of_France" title="Charles X of France">Charles X</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Louis_Antoine,_Duke_of_Angoul%C3%AAme" title="Louis Antoine, Duke of Angoulême">Louis XIX</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Henri,_Count_of_Chambord" title="Henri, Count of Chambord">Henry V</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="House of Orléans">House of Orléans</a> (1830–1848)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Philippe_I" title="Louis Philippe I">Louis Philippe I</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Prince_Philippe,_Count_of_Paris" title="Prince Philippe, Count of Paris">Louis Philippe II</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Bonaparte" title="House of Bonaparte">House of Bonaparte</a> (1852–1870)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Napoleon_III" title="Napoleon III">Napoleon III</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Debatable or disputed rulers are in <i>italics</i>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Pippinids,_Arnulfings_and_Carolingians" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Carolingians_footer" title="Template:Carolingians footer"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Carolingians_footer" title="Template talk:Carolingians footer"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Carolingians_footer" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Carolingians footer"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Pippinids,_Arnulfings_and_Carolingians" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Pippinids" title="Pippinids">Pippinids, Arnulfings</a> and <a href="/wiki/Carolingian_dynasty" title="Carolingian dynasty">Carolingians</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><small>Legend: → ≡ "father of",  <b>·</b>  ≡ "brother of"</small><br /><a href="/wiki/Begga" title="Begga">Begga</a>, the daughter of Pepin I, married Ansegisel, the son of Arnulf of Metz, and was the mother of Pepin II.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pippinids" title="Pippinids">Pippinids</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Carloman → <a href="/wiki/Pepin_of_Landen" title="Pepin of Landen">Pepin I</a> → <a href="/wiki/Grimoald_the_Elder" title="Grimoald the Elder">Grimoald I</a> → <a href="/wiki/Childebert_the_Adopted" title="Childebert the Adopted">Childebert the Adopted</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pippinids" title="Pippinids">Arnulfings</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div id="*_Arnulf_of_Metz_→_Chlodulf_of_Metz_*_Ansegisel_→_Pepin_II,_his_sons"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Arnulf_of_Metz" title="Arnulf of Metz">Arnulf of Metz</a> → <a href="/wiki/Chlodulf_of_Metz" title="Chlodulf of Metz">Chlodulf of Metz</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ansegisel" title="Ansegisel">Ansegisel</a> → <a href="/wiki/Pepin_of_Herstal" title="Pepin of Herstal">Pepin II</a>, his sons</b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Drogo_of_Champagne" title="Drogo of Champagne">Drogo</a>, sons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Arnulf</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_of_Rouen_(died_730)" title="Hugh of Rouen (died 730)">Hugh of Champagne</a></li> <li>Godfrey</li> <li>Pepin</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Steuben_-_Bataille_de_Poitiers.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Steuben_-_Bataille_de_Poitiers.png/125px-Steuben_-_Bataille_de_Poitiers.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Steuben_-_Bataille_de_Poitiers.png/188px-Steuben_-_Bataille_de_Poitiers.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Steuben_-_Bataille_de_Poitiers.png/250px-Steuben_-_Bataille_de_Poitiers.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1316" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Grimoald_the_Elder" title="Grimoald the Elder">Grimoald I</a>, son</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theudoald" title="Theudoald">Theudoald</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Martel" title="Charles Martel">Charles Martel</a>, sons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carloman_(mayor_of_the_palace)" title="Carloman (mayor of the palace)">Carloman</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pepin III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grifo_(noble)" title="Grifo (noble)">Grifo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard,_son_of_Charles_Martel" title="Bernard, son of Charles Martel">Bernard</a></li> <li>Jerome</li> <li>Remigius</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Childebrand_I" title="Childebrand I">Childebrand I</a>, son</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nibelung I → <i><a href="/wiki/Nibelungids" title="Nibelungids">Nibelungids</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Early<br /><a href="/wiki/Carolingian_dynasty" title="Carolingian dynasty">Carolingians</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div id="Sons_of_Charles_Martel"><b>Sons of Charles Martel</b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Carloman,_Mayor_of_the_Palace" class="mw-redirect" title="Carloman, Mayor of the Palace">Carloman</a>, son</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Drogo,_Mayor_of_the_Palace" class="mw-redirect" title="Drogo, Mayor of the Palace">Drogo</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Charlemagne_coin.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/45/Charlemagne_coin.JPG/125px-Charlemagne_coin.JPG" decoding="async" width="125" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/45/Charlemagne_coin.JPG/188px-Charlemagne_coin.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/45/Charlemagne_coin.JPG/250px-Charlemagne_coin.JPG 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="518" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pepin_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Pepin III">Pepin III</a>, sons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Charlemagne" title="Charlemagne">Charlemagne</a>, sons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pepin_the_Hunchback" class="mw-redirect" title="Pepin the Hunchback">Pepin the Hunchback</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_the_Younger" title="Charles the Younger">Charles the Younger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pepin_of_Italy" title="Pepin of Italy">Pepin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_the_Pious" title="Louis the Pious">Louis the Pious</a></li> <li>Lothair</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drogo_of_Metz" title="Drogo of Metz">Drogo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_(abbot_of_Saint-Quentin)" title="Hugh (abbot of Saint-Quentin)">Hugh</a></li> <li>Theoderic</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Carloman_I" title="Carloman I">Carloman</a>, son</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Pepin</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Pepin</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bernard,_son_of_Charles_Martel" title="Bernard, son of Charles Martel">Bernard</a>, sons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wala_of_Corbie" title="Wala of Corbie">Wala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adalard_of_Corbie" title="Adalard of Corbie">Adalhard</a></li> <li>Bernhar</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Carolingian_Empire" title="Carolingian Empire">Carolingian<br />Empire</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div id="Sons_of_Charlemagne"><b>Sons of Charlemagne</b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pepin_of_Italy" title="Pepin of Italy">Pepin</a>, son</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_of_Italy" title="Bernard of Italy">Bernard</a> → <a href="/wiki/Pepin,_Count_of_Vermandois" title="Pepin, Count of Vermandois">Pepin, Count of Vermandois</a> → <i><a href="/wiki/Count_of_Vermandois" title="Count of Vermandois">Counts of Vermandois</a></i></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ludwik_I_Pobo%C5%BCny.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Ludwik_I_Pobo%C5%BCny.jpg/125px-Ludwik_I_Pobo%C5%BCny.jpg" decoding="async" width="125" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Ludwik_I_Pobo%C5%BCny.jpg/188px-Ludwik_I_Pobo%C5%BCny.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Ludwik_I_Pobo%C5%BCny.jpg/250px-Ludwik_I_Pobo%C5%BCny.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="924" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Louis_the_Pious" title="Louis the Pious">Louis the Pious</a>,<br />sons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arnulf_of_Sens" title="Arnulf of Sens">Arnulf of Sens</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lothair_I" title="Lothair I">Lothair I</a>, sons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis_II_of_Italy" title="Louis II of Italy">Louis II of Italy</a> → <a href="/wiki/Ermengard_of_Italy" title="Ermengard of Italy">Ermengard</a> → <a href="/wiki/Louis_the_Blind" title="Louis the Blind">Louis the Blind</a> → <i><a href="/wiki/Bosonids" title="Bosonids">Bosonids</a></i><br /><a href="/wiki/Lothair_II" title="Lothair II">Lothair II</a> → <a href="/wiki/Hugh,_Duke_of_Alsace" class="mw-redirect" title="Hugh, Duke of Alsace">Hugh</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Charles_of_Provence" title="Charles of Provence">Charles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pepin_I_of_Aquitaine" title="Pepin I of Aquitaine">Pepin I</a>, son</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pepin_II_of_Aquitaine" title="Pepin II of Aquitaine">Pepin II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Louis_the_German" title="Louis the German">Louis the German</a>,<br />sons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carloman_of_Bavaria" title="Carloman of Bavaria">Carloman</a> → <a href="/wiki/Arnulf_of_Carinthia" title="Arnulf of Carinthia">Arnulf</a> → <a href="/wiki/Louis_the_Child" title="Louis the Child">Louis the Child</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ratold_of_Italy" title="Ratold of Italy">Ratold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zwentibold" title="Zwentibold">Zwentibold</a> → Godfrey</li> <li>Otto<br /><a href="/wiki/Louis_the_Younger" title="Louis the Younger">Louis the Younger</a> → Louis</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_of_Saxony" title="Hugh of Saxony">Hugh</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Charles_the_Fat" title="Charles the Fat">Charles the Fat</a> → <a href="/wiki/Bernard_(son_of_Charles_the_Fat)" title="Bernard (son of Charles the Fat)">Bernard</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Ratold_of_Italy" title="Ratold of Italy">Ratold</a> → Adalbert</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Charles_the_Bald" title="Charles the Bald">Charles the Bald</a>,<br />sons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis_the_Stammerer" title="Louis the Stammerer">Louis the Stammerer</a> → <a href="/wiki/Louis_III_of_France" title="Louis III of France">Louis III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carloman_II" title="Carloman II">Carloman II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_the_Simple" title="Charles the Simple">Charles the Simple</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Charles_the_Child" title="Charles the Child">Charles the Child</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Carloman,_son_of_Charles_the_Bald" title="Carloman, son of Charles the Bald">Carloman</a><br />Lothair the Lame</li> <li>Drogo</li> <li>Pepin</li> <li>Charles</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/West_Francia" title="West Francia">West<br />Francia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div id="West_Francia_was_in_the_hands_of_the_Robertians_from_888_until_898._It_was_the_last_Carolingian_kingdom.">West Francia was in the hands of the <a href="/wiki/Robertians" title="Robertians">Robertians</a> from 888 until 898. It was the last Carolingian kingdom.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Charles_the_Simple" title="Charles the Simple">Charles the Simple</a>, sons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis_IV_of_France" title="Louis IV of France">Louis IV</a></li> <li>Arnulf</li> <li>Drogo</li> <li>Rorico</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Denier_Chinon_954,_obverse.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e3/Denier_Chinon_954%2C_obverse.jpg/125px-Denier_Chinon_954%2C_obverse.jpg" decoding="async" width="125" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e3/Denier_Chinon_954%2C_obverse.jpg/188px-Denier_Chinon_954%2C_obverse.jpg 1.5x, 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<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis_V_of_France" title="Louis V of France">Louis V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnulf_(archbishop_of_Reims)" title="Arnulf (archbishop of Reims)">Arnulf</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Charles,_Duke_of_Lower_Lorraine" title="Charles, Duke of Lower Lorraine">Charles of Lorraine</a>, sons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Otto,_Duke_of_Lower_Lorraine" title="Otto, Duke of Lower Lorraine">Otto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_of_Lower_Lorraine" title="Louis of Lower Lorraine">Louis</a></li> <li>Charles</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81212#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81212#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81212#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000104764815">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/264661907">VIAF</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/620145857009422921112">2</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/924159474330727662460">3</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/71159234587703372208">4</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/599159234120903370855">5</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/280159474182827661550">6</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/268159474185627661671">7</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1840857/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PCjyGcfMfhdcX3DbytPQDYK">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118594540">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n84128337">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119958511">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119958511">BnF 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href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/368179">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007322051705171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biografischportaal.nl/en/persoon/58722899">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd118594540.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118594540">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/028043758">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w60m30r1">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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