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cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet language-selector"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--language"></span> <span>Taal</span> </a></li> <li id="page-actions-watch" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" id="ca-watch" href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Aanmelden&returnto=Gastraphetes&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" data-event-name="menu.watch" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet menu__item--page-actions-watch"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--star"></span> <span>Volgen</span> </a></li> <li id="page-actions-edit" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" id="ca-edit" href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Gastraphetes&action=edit&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" data-event-name="menu.edit" data-mw="interface" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet edit-page menu__item--page-actions-edit"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>Bewerken</span> </a></li> </ul> </nav> <div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"> <script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script> <div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nl" dir="ltr"> <section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <p>De <b>gastraphetes</b> (γαστραφέτης, "buikwerper") is een vroeg soort <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kruisboog?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" title="Kruisboog">kruisboog</a> die vanaf circa 400 v.Chr. werd gebruikt door de <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oud-Grieks_leger?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" title="Oud-Grieks leger">Griekse</a> en <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Macedonische_Rijk?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" title="Macedonische Rijk">Macedonische</a> legers in het <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oude_Griekenland?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" title="Oude Griekenland">oude Griekenland</a>. Het had een mechanische terugtrekspanner, waarbij de pees werd teruggetrokken en achter een haak bleef liggen. De gastraphetes wordt beschouwd als de voorloper van de <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oxybeles?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" title="Oxybeles">oxybeles</a>, een vroege <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katapult?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" title="Katapult">katapult</a> die wordt beschouwd als een van de eerste <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artillerie?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" title="Artillerie">artilleriewapens</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gastraphetes?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> hoewel dergelijk <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Spangeschut?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" title="Spangeschut">spangeschut</a> mogelijk reeds in <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mesopotami%C3%AB?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" title="Mesopotamië">Mesopotamië</a> of <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fenici%C3%AB?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" title="Fenicië">Fenicië</a> gebruikt werd.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gastraphetes?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bestand:Gastraphetes_-_catapult_ancestor_-_antica_catapulta.jpg?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Gastraphetes_-_catapult_ancestor_-_antica_catapulta.jpg/260px-Gastraphetes_-_catapult_ancestor_-_antica_catapulta.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="385" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=en&tl=ms&hl=ms&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ee/Gastraphetes_-_catapult_ancestor_-_antica_catapulta.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="286" data-file-height="423"></a> <figcaption> Gastraphetes </figcaption> </figure> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Geschiedenis">Geschiedenis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Gastraphetes&action=edit&section=1&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Geschiedenis" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>bewerken</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <p>De gastraphetes bestond in <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/421_v.Chr.?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" title="421 v.Chr.">421 v.Chr.</a> al. In de 1e eeuw beschreef <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Heron_van_Alexandri%C3%AB?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" title="Heron van Alexandrië">Heron van Alexandrië</a> de gastraphetes in zijn <i>Belopoeica</i> (oorlogsmachines),<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gastraphetes?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> gebaseerd op de werken van de in de <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/3e_eeuw_v.Chr.?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" title="3e eeuw v.Chr.">3e eeuw v.Chr.</a> levende <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ktesibios_van_Alexandri%C3%AB?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" title="Ktesibios van Alexandrië">Ktesibios van Alexandrië</a>. Volgens <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Diodoros_van_Sicili%C3%AB?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" title="Diodoros van Sicilië">Diodoros van Sicilië</a> kocht <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tiran?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" title="Tiran">tiran</a> <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dionysios_I_van_Syracuse?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" title="Dionysios I van Syracuse">Dionysios I</a> van <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Syracuse_(Itali%C3%AB)?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" title="Syracuse (Italië)">Syracuse</a> rond 400 v.Chr. over in het Middellandse Zeegebied wapenexperts weg, die voor hem de eerste "katapults" ontwikkelden.<sup id="cite_ref-Diodoros_4-0" class="reference"><a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gastraphetes?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms#cite_note-Diodoros-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hiermee bedoelde Diodoros een soort op houten voeten gemonteerde gastraphetes. Volgens Diodorus richtten deze bogen tijdens het <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Beleg_van_Motya?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" title="Beleg van Motya">beleg van Motya</a> in 398 v.Chr. onder de troepen van de <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Carthago?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" title="Carthago">Carthaagse</a> generaal <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Himilco_(generaal)?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" title="Himilco (generaal)">Himilco</a> een grote slachting aan.<sup id="cite_ref-Diodoros_4-1" class="reference"><a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gastraphetes?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms#cite_note-Diodoros-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Werking">Werking</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Gastraphetes&action=edit&section=2&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Werking" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>bewerken</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <p>In tegenstelling tot de latere middeleeuwse kruisbogen werd de <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Composietboog?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" title="Composietboog">composietboog</a> van de gastraphetes niet <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mechanische_spanning?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" title="Mechanische spanning">gespannen</a> door de <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pees_(samengevlochten_draden)?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" title="Pees (samengevlochten draden)">boogpees</a> naar achteren te trekken, maar door voorover op het wapen te gaan hangen en met de <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Buik?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" title="Buik">buik</a> een schuifsysteem in werking te stellen dat de pees naar achteren duwde. Met metaal versterkte <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pal_(mechanica)?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" title="Pal (mechanica)">pallen</a> voorkwamen dat de schuif terug kon springen. De gastraphetes had een <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bereik_(wapen)?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" title="Bereik (wapen)">bereik</a> van 250 meter, zeker 50 meter verder dan de gewone <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Boog_(wapen)?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" title="Boog (wapen)">handboog</a> uit die tijd.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gastraphetes?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="toccolours appendix" role="presentation" style="font-size:90%; margin:1em 0 -0.5em; clear:both;"> <div></div> <dl> <dt> Bronnen </dt> </dl> <ul> <li>Warry, J. <i>Oorlogvoering in de klassieke wereld. Encyclopedie van wapens, wapenrusting en strategie</i>. Helmond: Uitgeverij Helmond, 1981.</li> </ul> <dl> <dt> Referenties </dt> </dl> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gastraphetes?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67679320">.mw-parser-output .taalaanduiding{font-family:sans-serif;font-size:85%;cursor:help;color:var(--color-subtle,#555)}.mw-parser-output .taalaanduiding span{border-bottom:1px dotted var(--color-subtle,#555)}</style><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Peter Kingsley</span>, <i>Artillery and Prophecy: Sicily in the Reign of Dionysius 1</i>, in Prometheus, volume 21 (Florence 1995), p. 17.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gastraphetes?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Nederlands">(<span>nl</span>) </span><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">J.P.C.M. van Hoof</span>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=en&tl=ms&hl=ms&u=http://www.collectie.legermuseum.nl/sites/strategion/contents/i004546/arma12%2520de%2520artillerie%2520door%2520de%2520eeuwen%2520heen.pdf"><i>De artillerie door de eeuwen heen</i></a> (Collectie Informatie Centrum <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Legermuseum_(Delft)?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" title="Legermuseum (Delft)">Legermuseum, Delft</a>). Geraadpleegd op 16 oktober 2014.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gastraphetes?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-variant:small-caps;"><a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Heron_van_Alexandri%C3%AB?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" title="Heron van Alexandrië">Heron van Alexandrië</a></span>, <i>Belopoeica</i> 75.10-81.2</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Diodoros-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gastraphetes?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms#cite_ref-Diodoros_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gastraphetes?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms#cite_ref-Diodoros_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-variant:small-caps;"><a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Diodoros_van_Sicili%C3%AB?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" title="Diodoros van Sicilië">Diodoros van Sicilië</a></span>, <i>Bibliotheca historica</i> XIV 42.1, 50.4</span></li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gastraphetes?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Jeff Kinard</span>, <i>Artillery: An Illustrated History of its Impact</i> (Santa Barbara 2007) pp. 2-3 <span class="ISBN"><a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Speciaal:Boekbronnen/978-1-85109-556-8?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" title="Speciaal:Boekbronnen/978-1-85109-556-8">ISBN 978-1-85109-556-8</a></span></span></li> </ol> </div> </div> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67837862">.mw-parser-output .navigatie{position:relative;clear:both;overflow:auto;margin:1em auto -0.5em;padding:2px;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);text-align:center;font-size:87%}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-bewerken{margin-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-bewerken .mw-ui-icon::before{background-size:0.9em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-links,.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-rechts{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-rechts{right:2px}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-groot{float:right;padding-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-titel{background-color:#ddeef8;padding:2px 5.5em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-inhoud{padding:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-inhoud p:first-child{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .navigatie div[style*="background-color"],.mw-parser-output .navigatie div[style*="background"]{color:inherit}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navigatie-titel{background-color:var(--background-color-interactive,#eaecf0)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navigatie-titel{background-color:var(--background-color-interactive,#eaecf0)!important}}</style> <div class="navigatie" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="Belegeringswapens_in_de_oudheid_en_middeleeuwen"> <div class="navigatie-afb-links noviewer"></div> <div id="Belegeringswapens_in_de_oudheid_en_middeleeuwen" class="navigatie-titel"> <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Belegeringswapen?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" title="Belegeringswapen">Belegeringswapens</a> in de <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oudheid_(hoofdbetekenis)?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" class="mw-redirect" title="Oudheid (hoofdbetekenis)">oudheid</a> en <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Middeleeuwen?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" title="Middeleeuwen">middeleeuwen</a> </div> <div class="navigatie-inhoud"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67785531">.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel{margin:0 auto 0 auto;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel .links{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel .rechts{padding-left:0.5em}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel tr{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr;width:100%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel tr:last-of-type{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel .links{text-align:unset}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel .rechts{padding:unset}}</style> <table class="navigatie-tabel vatop" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style=""> <tbody> <tr> <td class="links" style=""><b>Algemeen:</b></td> <td class="rechts"><a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Belegeringstoren?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" title="Belegeringstoren">belegeringstoren</a> · <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Stormram?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" title="Stormram">stormram</a> · <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katapult?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" title="Katapult">katapult</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="links"><b><a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Belegeringstoren?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" title="Belegeringstoren">Belegeringstorens</a> en -<a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brug_(bouwwerk)?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" title="Brug (bouwwerk)">bruggen</a>:</b></td> <td class="rechts"><a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Helepolis?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" title="Helepolis">helepolis</a> · <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sambuca_(wapen)?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" title="Sambuca (wapen)">sambuca</a> · <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Corvus_(krijgskunde)?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" title="Corvus (krijgskunde)">corvus</a> · <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Biesbrug?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" title="Biesbrug">biesbrug</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="links"><b><a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pantser_(militair)?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" title="Pantser (militair)">Pantserconstructies</a>:</b></td> <td class="rechts"><a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vinea_(belegeringswerktuig)?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" title="Vinea (belegeringswerktuig)">vinea</a> · <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Musculus_(belegeringswerktuig)?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" title="Musculus (belegeringswerktuig)">musculus</a> · <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Testudo_(belegeringswerktuig)?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" title="Testudo (belegeringswerktuig)">testudo</a> · <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mantelet?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" title="Mantelet">mantelet</a> · <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kat_(constructie)?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" title="Kat (constructie)">kat</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="links"><b><a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Spangeschut?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" title="Spangeschut">Spankatapulten</a>:</b></td> <td class="rechts"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">gastraphetes</a> · <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oxybeles?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" title="Oxybeles">oxybeles</a> · <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jiaoche-nu?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" title="Jiaoche-nu">jiaoche-nu</a> · <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Shoushe-nu?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" title="Shoushe-nu">shoushe-nu</a> · <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chuangzi-nu?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" title="Chuangzi-nu">chuangzi-nu</a> · <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arcuballista?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" title="Arcuballista">arcuballista</a> · <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lepelblijde?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" title="Lepelblijde">lepelblijde</a> · <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Springald?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms#Spanspringald" title="Springald">spanspringald</a> · <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Einarm?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" title="Einarm">einarm</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="links"><b><a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Torsiegeschut?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" title="Torsiegeschut">Torsiekatapulten</a>:</b></td> <td class="rechts"><a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Monankon?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" title="Monankon">monankon</a> · <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Euthytone?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" title="Euthytone">euthytone</a> · <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Palintone?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" title="Palintone">palintone</a> · <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ballista?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" title="Ballista">ballista</a> · <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Onager_(wapen)?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" title="Onager (wapen)">onager</a> · <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Polybolos?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" title="Polybolos">polybolos</a> · <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Scorpio_(wapen)?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" title="Scorpio (wapen)">scorpio</a> · <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cheiroballistra?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" title="Cheiroballistra">cheiroballistra</a> · <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Springald?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms#Torsiespringald" title="Springald">torsiespringald</a> · <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ziyar?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" title="Ziyar">ziyar</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="links"><b><a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Slingerarm?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" title="Slingerarm">Slingerarmkatapulten</a>:</b></td> <td class="rechts"><a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jiche?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" title="Jiche">jiche</a> · <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Xuanfeng_pao?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" title="Xuanfeng pao">xuanfeng pao</a> · <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sijiao_pao?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" title="Sijiao pao">sijiao pao</a> · <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hudun_pao?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" title="Hudun pao">hudun pao</a> · <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pierri%C3%A8re?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" title="Pierrière">pierrière</a> · <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bricole?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" title="Bricole">bricole</a> · <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mangonel?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" title="Mangonel">mangonel</a> · <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Trebuchet?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" title="Trebuchet">trebuchet</a> · <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Couillard?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" title="Couillard">couillard</a> · <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pijlentrebuchet?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" title="Pijlentrebuchet">pijlentrebuchet</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="links"><b>Overige:</b></td> <td class="rechts"><a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Agger_(bouwwerk)?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" title="Agger (bouwwerk)">agger</a> · <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aerotonon?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" title="Aerotonon">aerotonon</a> · <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Stormladder?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" title="Stormladder">stormladder</a> · <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Muurboor?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" title="Muurboor">muurboor</a> · <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dolabra?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" title="Dolabra">dolabra</a> · <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Falx?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" title="Falx">falx</a> · <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Klauw_van_Archimedes?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" title="Klauw van Archimedes">klauw van Archimedes</a> · <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tonnelon?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" title="Tonnelon">tonnelon</a></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> <div class="interProject commons mw-list-item" style="display:none;"> <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=en&tl=ms&hl=ms&u=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Gastraphetes%23mw-subcategories" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Gastraphetes">Mediabestanden</a> </div> <div class="interProjectTemplate interProject-groot toccolours" style="display:flex; gap:1em; align-items:center; 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</div> <div> Zie de categorie <i><b><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=en&tl=ms&hl=ms&u=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Gastraphetes%23mw-subcategories" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Gastraphetes">Gastraphetes</a></b></i> van <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a> voor mediabestanden over dit onderwerp. </div> </div>   </section> </div> <noscript> <img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=mobile" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"> </noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet=""> Overgenomen van "<a dir="ltr" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=en&tl=ms&hl=ms&u=https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DGastraphetes%26oldid%3D66972421">https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gastraphetes&oldid=66972421</a>" </div> </div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"><a class="last-modified-bar" href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Gastraphetes&action=history&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"><span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-medium minerva-icon--modified-history"></span> <span class="last-modified-bar__text modified-enhancement" data-user-name="Jvhertum" data-user-gender="male" data-timestamp="1706970979"> <span>Laatst bewerkt op 3 feb 2024, om 15:36</span> </span> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-small minerva-icon--expand"></span> </div></a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id="mw-data-after-content"> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Talen</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=en&tl=ms&hl=ms&u=https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastrafetes" title="Gastrafetes – Catalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Gastrafetes" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=en&tl=ms&hl=ms&u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastraphetes" title="Gastraphetes – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Gastraphetes" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=en&tl=ms&hl=ms&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastraphetes" title="Gastraphetes – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Gastraphetes" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=en&tl=ms&hl=ms&u=https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastrafetes" title="Gastrafetes – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Gastrafetes" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=en&tl=ms&hl=ms&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastroph%25C3%25A8te" title="Gastrophète – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Gastrophète" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=en&tl=ms&hl=ms&u=https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastraphetes" title="Gastraphetes – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Gastraphetes" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=en&tl=ms&hl=ms&u=https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E3%2582%25AC%25E3%2582%25B9%25E3%2583%2588%25E3%2583%25A9%25E3%2583%2595%25E3%2582%25A7%25E3%2583%2586%25E3%2582%25B9" title="ガストラフェテス – Japans" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ガストラフェテス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=en&tl=ms&hl=ms&u=https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25EA%25B0%2580%25EC%258A%25A4%25ED%258A%25B8%25EB%259D%25BC%25ED%258E%2598%25ED%2585%258C%25EC%258A%25A4" title="가스트라페테스 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="가스트라페테스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=en&tl=ms&hl=ms&u=https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastrafetas" title="Gastrafetas – Litouws" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Gastrafetas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litouws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=en&tl=ms&hl=ms&u=https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%2597%25E0%25A5%2585%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%259F%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25AB%25E0%25A5%2587%25E0%25A4%259F%25E0%25A5%2587%25E0%25A4%25B8" title="गॅस्ट्राफेटेस – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="गॅस्ट्राफेटेस" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=en&tl=ms&hl=ms&u=https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastrafetes" title="Gastrafetes – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Gastrafetes" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=en&tl=ms&hl=ms&u=https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastrafeta" title="Gastrafeta – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Gastrafeta" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=en&tl=ms&hl=ms&u=https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2593%25D0%25B0%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D1%2584%25D0%25B5%25D1%2582" title="Гастрафет – Servisch" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Гастрафет" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Servisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=en&tl=ms&hl=ms&u=https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E8%2585%25B9%25E5%25BC%25B5%25E5%25BC%25A9" title="腹張弩 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="腹張弩" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"> <img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod">Deze pagina is voor het laatst bewerkt op 3 feb 2024 om 15:36.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">De inhoud is, tenzij anders aangegeven, beschikbaar onder <a class="external" rel="nofollow" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=en&tl=ms&hl=ms&u=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.nl">CC BY-SA 4.0</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places" class="footer-places hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a 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