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mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Abrahamic and Abrahamic-inspired religions subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Abrahamic_and_Abrahamic-inspired_religions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Judaism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Judaism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Judaism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Judaism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Christianity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Christianity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Christianity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Christianity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Mormonism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mormonism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1</span> <span>Mormonism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mormonism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jehovah's_Witnesses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jehovah's_Witnesses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.2</span> <span>Jehovah's Witnesses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jehovah's_Witnesses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Islam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Islam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Islam</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Islam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sufism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sufism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.1</span> <span>Sufism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sufism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Baháʼí_Faith" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Baháʼí_Faith"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Baháʼí Faith</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Baháʼí_Faith-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mandaeism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mandaeism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Mandaeism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mandaeism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gnosticism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gnosticism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Gnosticism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gnosticism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Egypt" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Egypt"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Egypt</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Egypt-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Egypt subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Egypt-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Appendages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Appendages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Appendages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Appendages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Indian_religions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Indian_religions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Indian religions</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Indian_religions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Indian religions subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Indian_religions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Hinduism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hinduism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Hinduism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hinduism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Tamil_Tradition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tamil_Tradition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.1</span> <span>Tamil Tradition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tamil_Tradition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arya_Samaj" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arya_Samaj"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Arya Samaj</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arya_Samaj-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jainism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jainism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Jainism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jainism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sikhism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sikhism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Sikhism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sikhism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Iranian_religions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iranian_religions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Iranian religions</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Iranian_religions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Iranian religions subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Iranian_religions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Yazidism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Yazidism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Yazidism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Yazidism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zoroastrianism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zoroastrianism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Zoroastrianism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zoroastrianism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-African_religions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#African_religions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>African religions</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-African_religions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle African religions subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-African_religions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-!Kung" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#!Kung"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>!Kung</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-!Kung-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Odinani" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Odinani"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Odinani</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Odinani-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-West_African_Vodun" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#West_African_Vodun"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>West African Vodun</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-West_African_Vodun-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Yoruba_religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Yoruba_religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Yoruba religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Yoruba_religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zulu_traditional_religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zulu_traditional_religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>Zulu traditional religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zulu_traditional_religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Native_American_religions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Native_American_religions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Native American religions</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Native_American_religions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Native American religions subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Native_American_religions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Anishinaabe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anishinaabe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Anishinaabe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anishinaabe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Names of God</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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Available in 14 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-14" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">14 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87" title="أسماء الله – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أسماء الله" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%83%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE" title="বিভিন্ন ধর্মে সৃষ্টিকর্তার নাম – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বিভিন্ন ধর্মে সৃষ্টিকর্তার নাম" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jumala_nimi" title="Jumala nimi – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Jumala nimi" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nombres_de_Dios" title="Nombres de Dios – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Nombres de Dios" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%AE%D8%AF%D8%A7" title="نام‌های خدا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نام‌های خدا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9nomination_de_Dieu" title="Dénomination de Dieu – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Dénomination de Dieu" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%95%98%EB%82%98%EB%8B%98%EC%9D%98_%EB%AA%85%EC%B9%AD" title="하나님의 명칭 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="하나님의 명칭" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D9%87" title="اسامى الالهه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="اسامى الالهه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%AF%D8%A7_%D8%AF%DB%92_%D9%86%D8%A7%DA%BA" title="خدا دے ناں – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="خدا دے ناں" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nomes_de_Deus" title="Nomes de Deus – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Nomes de Deus" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Имена Бога в Библии – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Имена Бога в Библии" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanr%C4%B1_adlar%C4%B1" title="Tanrı adları – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Tanrı adları" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%91%D1%96%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%97" title="Імена Бога в Біблії – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Імена Бога в Біблії" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%AF%D8%A7_%DA%A9%DB%92_%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85" title="خدا کے نام – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="خدا کے نام" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li> 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<div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about names for the single God of monotheistic religions. For theonyms generally, see <a href="/wiki/List_of_deities" class="mw-redirect" title="List of deities">List of deities</a>.</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kircher-Diagram_of_the_names_of_God.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Kircher-Diagram_of_the_names_of_God.png/295px-Kircher-Diagram_of_the_names_of_God.png" decoding="async" width="295" height="401" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Kircher-Diagram_of_the_names_of_God.png/443px-Kircher-Diagram_of_the_names_of_God.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Kircher-Diagram_of_the_names_of_God.png/590px-Kircher-Diagram_of_the_names_of_God.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="871" /></a><figcaption>A diagram of the names of God in <a href="/wiki/Athanasius_Kircher" title="Athanasius Kircher">Athanasius Kircher</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Oedipus_Aegyptiacus" title="Oedipus Aegyptiacus">Oedipus Aegyptiacus</a></i> (1652–1654). The style and form are typical of the <a href="/wiki/Mysticism" title="Mysticism">mystical</a> tradition, as early <a href="/wiki/Theology" title="Theology">theologians</a> began to fuse emerging <a href="/wiki/Age_of_Enlightenment" title="Age of Enlightenment">pre-Enlightenment</a> concepts of <a href="/wiki/Categorization" class="mw-redirect" title="Categorization">classification</a> and organization with <a href="/wiki/Religion" title="Religion">religion</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alchemy" title="Alchemy">alchemy</a>, to shape an artful and perhaps more <i>conceptual</i> view of God.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Allah3.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Allah3.svg/220px-Allah3.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="234" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Allah3.svg/330px-Allah3.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Allah3.svg/440px-Allah3.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="294" data-file-height="313" /></a><figcaption>The word 'Allah' in <i><a href="/wiki/Thuluth" title="Thuluth">thuluth</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Islamic_calligraphy" title="Islamic calligraphy">calligraphy</a>.</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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faith</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agnosticism" title="Agnosticism">Agnosticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apatheism" title="Apatheism">Apatheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atheism" title="Atheism">Atheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_theism" title="Classical theism">Classical theism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deism" title="Deism">Deism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henotheism" title="Henotheism">Henotheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ietsism" title="Ietsism">Ietsism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theological_noncognitivism" title="Theological noncognitivism">Ignosticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monotheism" title="Monotheism">Monotheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monism" title="Monism">Monism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dualism_in_cosmology" title="Dualism in cosmology">Dualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monolatry" title="Monolatry">Monolatry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathenotheism" title="Kathenotheism">Kathenotheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omnism" title="Omnism">Omnism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandeism" title="Pandeism">Pandeism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panentheism" title="Panentheism">Panentheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pantheism" title="Pantheism">Pantheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polytheism" title="Polytheism">Polytheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transtheism" title="Transtheism">Transtheism</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Specific conceptions</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brahman" title="Brahman">Brahman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creator_deity" title="Creator deity">Creator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demiurge" title="Demiurge">Demiurge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deus" title="Deus">Deus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God_the_Father" title="God the Father">Father</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Form_of_the_Good" title="Form of the Good">Form of the Good</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conceptions_of_God" title="Conceptions of God">God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Architect_of_the_Universe" title="Great Architect of the Universe">Great Architect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monad_(philosophy)" title="Monad (philosophy)">Monad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mother_goddess" title="Mother goddess">Mother</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Summum_bonum" title="Summum bonum">Summum bonum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God" title="God">Supreme Being</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God_the_Sustainer" title="God the Sustainer">Sustainer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord#Religion" title="Lord">The Lord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinity" title="Trinity">Trinity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tawhid" title="Tawhid">Tawhid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dualism_in_cosmology#Duotheism,_bitheism,_ditheism" title="Dualism in cosmology">Ditheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monism" title="Monism">Monism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_god" title="Personal god">Personal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unitarianism" title="Unitarianism">Unitarianism</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">In particular religions</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-bottom:0;"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/God_in_Abrahamic_religions" title="God in Abrahamic religions">Abrahamic</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.2em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/God_in_Judaism" title="God in Judaism">Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God_in_Christianity" title="God in Christianity">Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God_in_Islam" title="God in Islam">Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God_in_the_Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith" title="God in the Baháʼí Faith">Baháʼí Faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God_in_Mormonism" title="God in Mormonism">Mormonism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hayyi_Rabbi" title="Hayyi Rabbi">Mandaeism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samaritanism#Beliefs" title="Samaritanism">Samaritanism</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Indian_religions" title="Indian religions">Indo-Iranian</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.2em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/God_in_Hinduism" title="God in Hinduism">Hinduism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creator_in_Buddhism" title="Creator in Buddhism">Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God_in_Jainism" title="God in Jainism">Jainism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God_in_Sikhism" title="God in Sikhism">Sikhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bon" title="Bon">Yungdrung Bon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahura_Mazda" title="Ahura Mazda">Zoroastrianism</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Chinese_theology" title="Chinese theology">Chinese</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.2em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tian" title="Tian">Tian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shangdi" title="Shangdi">Shangdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hongjun_Laozu" title="Hongjun Laozu">Hongjun Laozu</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Attributes</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eternity#God_and_eternity" title="Eternity">Eternalness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Existence_of_God" title="Existence of God">Existence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_of_God" title="Gender of God">Gender</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Names</a> (<a href="/wiki/God_(word)" title="God (word)">"God"</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omnibenevolence" title="Omnibenevolence">Omnibenevolence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omnipotence" title="Omnipotence">Omnipotence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omnipresence" title="Omnipresence">Omnipresence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omniscience" title="Omniscience">Omniscience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aseity" title="Aseity">Aseity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transcendence_(religion)" title="Transcendence (religion)">Transcendence</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Experiences</li><li>Practices</li></ul></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religious_belief" class="mw-redirect" title="Religious belief">Belief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_esotericism" title="Western esotericism">Esotericism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faith" title="Faith">Faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fideism" title="Fideism">Fideism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gnosis" title="Gnosis">Gnosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermeticism" title="Hermeticism">Hermeticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metaphysics" title="Metaphysics">Metaphysics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mysticism" title="Mysticism">Mysticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prayer" title="Prayer">Prayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revelation" title="Revelation">Revelation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worship" title="Worship">Worship</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Related topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Euthyphro_dilemma" title="Euthyphro dilemma">Euthyphro dilemma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God_complex" title="God complex">God complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God_gene" title="God gene">God gene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theology" title="Theology">Theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ontology" title="Ontology">Ontology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Problem_of_evil" title="Problem of evil">Problem of evil</a> (<a href="/wiki/Theodicy" title="Theodicy">theodicy</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion" title="Religion">Religion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_religion" title="Philosophy of religion">philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_text" title="Religious text">texts</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portrayals_of_God_in_popular_media" title="Portrayals of God in popular media">Portrayals of God in popular media</a></li> <li><i><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P_religion_world.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/P_religion_world.svg/16px-P_religion_world.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/P_religion_world.svg/24px-P_religion_world.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/P_religion_world.svg/32px-P_religion_world.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Religion" title="Portal:Religion">Religion portal</a></i></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:God_sidebar" title="Template:God sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:God_sidebar" title="Template talk:God sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:God_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:God sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>There are various <b>names of God</b>, many of which enumerate the various <a href="/wiki/Quality_(philosophy)" title="Quality (philosophy)">qualities</a> of a Supreme Being. The English word <i><a href="/wiki/God_(word)" title="God (word)">god</a></i> (and its equivalent in other languages) is used by multiple religions as a <a href="/wiki/Noun" title="Noun">noun</a> to refer to different deities, or specifically to the Supreme Being, as denoted in English by the capitalized and uncapitalized terms <i><a href="/wiki/God" title="God">God</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Deity" title="Deity">god</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-isbn0-7546-0755-0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-isbn0-7546-0755-0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ancient <a href="/wiki/Cognate" title="Cognate">cognate</a> equivalents for the <a href="/wiki/Biblical_Hebrew" title="Biblical Hebrew">biblical Hebrew</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Elohim" title="Elohim">Elohim</a></i>, one of the most common <a href="/wiki/Names_of_God_in_Judaism" title="Names of God in Judaism">names of God in the Bible</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-JE1_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JE1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> include <a href="/wiki/Proto-Semitic_language" title="Proto-Semitic language">proto-Semitic</a> <i><a href="/wiki/El_(deity)" title="El (deity)">El</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Biblical_Aramaic" title="Biblical Aramaic">biblical Aramaic</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Names_of_God_in_Judaism#Elah" title="Names of God in Judaism">Elah</a></i>, and <a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Ilah" title="Ilah">ilah</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-JE1_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JE1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The personal or proper name for <a href="/wiki/God" title="God">God</a> in many of these languages may either be distinguished from such <a href="/wiki/Property_(philosophy)" title="Property (philosophy)">attributes</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Homonym" title="Homonym">homonymic</a>. For example, in <a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a> the <a href="/wiki/Tetragrammaton" title="Tetragrammaton">tetragrammaton</a> is sometimes related to the ancient Hebrew <i><a href="/wiki/Names_of_God_in_Judaism#Ehyeh_asher_ehyeh" title="Names of God in Judaism">ehyeh</a></i> ("<a href="/wiki/I_Am_that_I_Am" title="I Am that I Am">I will be</a>").<sup id="cite_ref-JE1_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JE1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is connected to the passage in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0203.htm#14">Exodus 3:14</a> in which God gives his name as אֶהְיֶה אֲשֶׁר אֶהְיֶה (Ehyeh Asher Ehyeh), where the verb may be translated most basically as "I am that I am", "I shall be what I shall be", or "I shall be what I am". In the passage, <a href="/wiki/Yahweh" title="Yahweh">YHWH</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-JE1_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JE1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the personal name of God, is <a href="/wiki/Theophany#Judaism" title="Theophany">revealed directly</a> to <a href="/wiki/Moses" title="Moses">Moses</a>. </p><p>Correlation between various theories and interpretation of the name of "the one God", used to <a href="/wiki/Sign_(semiotics)" title="Sign (semiotics)">signify</a> a <a href="/wiki/Monotheistic" class="mw-redirect" title="Monotheistic">monotheistic</a> or ultimate Supreme Being from which all other divine attributes derive, has been a subject of <a href="/wiki/Ecumenicalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Ecumenicalism">ecumenical</a> discourse between Eastern and Western scholars for over two centuries.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Christian_theology" title="Christian theology">Christian theology</a> the word is considered a personal and a proper name of God.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the other hand, the names of God in a different tradition are sometimes referred to by symbols.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The question whether divine names used by different religions are equivalent has been raised and analyzed.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Exchange of names held sacred between different religious traditions is typically limited. Other elements of religious practice may be shared, especially when communities of different faiths are living in close proximity (for example, the use of <a href="/wiki/Khuda" title="Khuda">Khuda</a> or <a href="/wiki/Prabhu" title="Prabhu">Prabhu</a> within the Indian <a href="/wiki/Christians" title="Christians">Christian</a> community) but usage of the names themselves mostly remains within the domain of a particular religion, or even may help define one's religious belief according to practice, as in the case of the recitation of names of God (such as the <a href="/wiki/Japa" title="Japa">japa</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Guru_Gobind_Singh" title="Guru Gobind Singh">Guru Gobind Singh</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Jaap_Sahib" title="Jaap Sahib">Jaap Sahib</a>, which contains 950 names of God is one example of this.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>The Divine Names</i>, the classic treatise by <a href="/wiki/Pseudo-Dionysius" class="mw-redirect" title="Pseudo-Dionysius">Pseudo-Dionysius</a>, defines the scope of traditional understandings in Western traditions such as Hellenic, Christian, Jewish and Islamic <a href="/wiki/Theology" title="Theology">theology</a> on the nature and significance of the names of God.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Further historical lists such as <i>The 72 Names of the Lord</i> show parallels in the history and interpretation of the name of God amongst <a href="/wiki/Kabbalah" title="Kabbalah">Kabbalah</a>, Christianity, and Hebrew scholarship in various parts of the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_world" class="mw-redirect" title="Mediterranean world">Mediterranean world</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The attitude as to the transmission of the name in many cultures was surrounded by secrecy. In <a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a>, the pronunciation of the name of God has always been guarded with great care. It is believed that, in ancient times, the sages communicated the pronunciation only once every seven years;<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> this system was challenged by more recent movements. The nature of a holy name can be described as either personal or attributive. In many cultures it is often difficult to distinguish between the personal and the attributive names of God, the two divisions necessarily shading into each other.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Abrahamic_and_Abrahamic-inspired_religions">Abrahamic and Abrahamic-inspired religions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Names_of_God&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Abrahamic and Abrahamic-inspired religions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/El_(deity)" title="El (deity)">El (deity)</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Judaism">Judaism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Names_of_God&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Judaism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Names_of_God_in_Judaism" title="Names of God in Judaism">Names of God in Judaism</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/I_Am_that_I_Am" title="I Am that I Am">I Am that I Am</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yahweh" title="Yahweh">Yahweh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tetragrammaton" title="Tetragrammaton">Tetragrammaton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elohim" title="Elohim">Elohim</a>, <a href="/wiki/El_Shaddai" title="El Shaddai">El Shaddai</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Elyon" title="Elyon">Elyon</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/El_(deity)" title="El (deity)">El</a> comes from a root word meaning "god" or "deity", reconstructed in the <a href="/wiki/Proto-Semitic_language" title="Proto-Semitic language">Proto-Semitic language</a> as <i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/%CA%94il-" class="extiw" title="wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/ʔil-">ʾil</a></i>. Sometimes referring to God and sometimes the mighty when used to refer to the God of Israel, El is almost always qualified by additional words that further define the meaning that distinguishes him from <a href="/wiki/False_god" title="False god">false gods</a>. A common title of God in the Hebrew Bible is Elohim (Hebrew: <span title="Hebrew-language text"><span lang="he" dir="rtl">אלהים</span></span>). The root <i><a href="/wiki/Eloah" class="mw-redirect" title="Eloah">Eloah</a></i> (<span title="Hebrew-language text"><span lang="he" dir="rtl">אלה</span></span>) is used in poetry and late prose (e.g., the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Job" title="Book of Job">Book of Job</a>) and ending with the masculine plural suffix "-im" <span title="Hebrew-language text"><span lang="he" dir="rtl">ים</span></span> creating a word like <i><a href="/wiki/Baal" title="Baal">ba`alim</a></i> ("owner(s)") and <i><a href="/wiki/Adon" title="Adon">adonim</a></i> ("lord(s), master(s)") that may also indicate a singular identity. </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Exodus" title="Book of Exodus">Book of Exodus</a>, God commands Moses to tell the people that 'I AM' sent him, and this is revered as one of the most important names of God according to <a href="/wiki/Pentateuch" class="mw-redirect" title="Pentateuch">Mosaic</a> tradition. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Moses said to God, "Suppose I go to the Israelites and say to them, 'The God of your fathers has sent me to you,' and they ask me, 'What is his name?' Then what shall I tell them?" God said to Moses, "<i>I Am who I Am.</i> This is what you are to say to the Israelites: '<i>I Am</i> has sent me to you.<span style="padding-right:.15em;">'</span>" God also said to Moses, "Say to the Israelites, 'The Lord, the God of your fathers—the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac and the God of Jacob—has sent me to you.' This is my name forever, the name you shall call me from generation to generation".</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Exodus%203:13–15&version=nrsv">Exodus 3:13–15</a></cite></div></blockquote> <p>In <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Exodus%206:3&version=nrsv">Exodus 6:3</a>, when Moses first spoke with God, God said, "I used to appear to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob as El Shaddai, but I did not make myself known to them by my name YHWH." </p><p>YHWH (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1241449095">.mw-parser-output .script-hebrew,.mw-parser-output .script-Hebr{font-family:"Ezra SIL SR","Ezra SIL","SBL Hebrew","Taamey Frank CLM","SBL BibLit","Taamey Ashkenaz","Frank Ruehl CLM","Keter Aram Tsova","Taamey David CLM","Keter YG","Shofar","David CLM","Hadasim CLM","Simple CLM","Nachlieli",Cardo,Alef,"Noto Serif Hebrew","Noto Sans Hebrew","David Libre",David,"Times New Roman",Gisha,Arial,FreeSerif,FreeSans}</style><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">יהוה</span>‎) is the proper name of God in Judaism. Neither vowels nor <a href="/wiki/Vowel_pointed" class="mw-redirect" title="Vowel pointed">vowel points</a> were used in ancient Hebrew writings and the original <a href="/wiki/Speech" title="Speech">vocalisation</a> of YHWH has been lost.<sup id="cite_ref-WGPlaut-YHWH_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WGPlaut-YHWH-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Later commentaries additionally suggested that the true pronunciation of this name is composed entirely of <a href="/wiki/Vowel" title="Vowel">vowels</a>, such as the Greek <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">Ιαουε</span></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-Iaou_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Iaou-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, this is put into question by the fact that vowels were only distinguished in the time-period by their very absence due to the lack of explicit vowels in the Hebrew script. The resulting substitute made from <a href="/wiki/Mater_lectionis" title="Mater lectionis">semivowels and glottals</a>, known as the tetragrammaton, is not ordinarily permitted to be pronounced aloud, even in prayer. The prohibition on misuse (not use) of this name is the primary subject of the command not to <a href="/wiki/Thou_shalt_not_take_the_name_of_the_Lord_thy_God_in_vain" title="Thou shalt not take the name of the Lord thy God in vain">take the name of the Lord in vain</a>. </p><p>Instead of pronouncing YHWH during <a href="/wiki/Prayer" title="Prayer">prayer</a>, Jews say "<a href="/wiki/Adonai" class="mw-redirect" title="Adonai">Adonai</a>" ("Lord"). <i><a href="/wiki/Halakha" title="Halakha">Halakha</a></i> requires that secondary rules be placed around the primary law, to reduce the chance that the main law will be broken. As such, it is common religious practice to restrict the use of the word "Adonai" to prayer only. In conversation, many Jewish people, even when not speaking Hebrew, will call God <i><a href="/wiki/Names_of_God_in_Judaism#HaShem" title="Names of God in Judaism">HaShem</a></i> (<span title="Hebrew-language text"><span lang="he" dir="rtl">השם</span></span>), which is Hebrew for "the Name" (this appears in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Leviticus%2024:11&version=nrsv">Leviticus 24:11</a>). </p><p>Almost all <a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Jews" class="mw-redirect" title="Orthodox Jews">Orthodox Jews</a> avoid using either Yahweh or Jehovah altogether on the basis that the actual pronunciation of the tetragrammaton has been lost in antiquity. Many use the term <i>HaShem</i> as an indirect reference, or they use "God" or "The Lord" instead. Mark Sameth argues that Yahweh was a pseudo name for a dual-gendered deity, the four letters of that name being cryptogram which the priests of ancient Israel read in reverse as <span title="Hebrew-language text"><i lang="he-Latn">huhi</i></span>, "heshe", as earlier theorized by <a href="/wiki/Guillaume_Postel" title="Guillaume Postel">Guillaume Postel</a> (16th century) and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Michelangelo_Lanci&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michelangelo Lanci (page does not exist)">Michelangelo Lanci</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michelangelo_Lanci" class="extiw" title="it:Michelangelo Lanci">it</a>]</span> (19th century).<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Christianity">Christianity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Names_of_God&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Christianity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Names_of_God_in_Christianity" title="Names of God in Christianity">Names of God in Christianity</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Jehovah" title="Jehovah">Jehovah</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fiskebackskil_altare.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Fiskebackskil_altare.jpg/250px-Fiskebackskil_altare.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="237" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Fiskebackskil_altare.jpg/375px-Fiskebackskil_altare.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Fiskebackskil_altare.jpg/500px-Fiskebackskil_altare.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2752" data-file-height="2604" /></a><figcaption>The Divine Name <a href="/wiki/Tetragrammaton" title="Tetragrammaton">YHWH</a> on a Lutheran Christian altar at Fiskebäckskil Church in Sweden</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:JEHOVAH_at_RomanCatholic_Church_Saint-Fiacre_Dison_Belgium.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/JEHOVAH_at_RomanCatholic_Church_Saint-Fiacre_Dison_Belgium.JPG/250px-JEHOVAH_at_RomanCatholic_Church_Saint-Fiacre_Dison_Belgium.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="211" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/JEHOVAH_at_RomanCatholic_Church_Saint-Fiacre_Dison_Belgium.JPG/375px-JEHOVAH_at_RomanCatholic_Church_Saint-Fiacre_Dison_Belgium.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/JEHOVAH_at_RomanCatholic_Church_Saint-Fiacre_Dison_Belgium.JPG/500px-JEHOVAH_at_RomanCatholic_Church_Saint-Fiacre_Dison_Belgium.JPG 2x" data-file-width="981" data-file-height="828" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Jehovah" title="Jehovah">Jehovah</a>, a vocalization of the Divine Name <a href="/wiki/Tetragrammaton" title="Tetragrammaton">YHWH</a>, on a stained glass window in of Saint-Fiacre de Dison Catholic Church in Belgium</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Names_and_titles_of_Jesus_in_the_New_Testament" title="Names and titles of Jesus in the New Testament">Names and titles of Jesus in the New Testament</a></div> <p>In Christianity, the Old Testament reveals <a href="/wiki/Tetragrammaton" title="Tetragrammaton">YHWH</a> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095"><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">יהוה</span>‎; often vocalized with vowels as "Yahweh" or "Jehovah") as the personal name of God.<sup id="cite_ref-Parke-Taylor2006_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Parke-Taylor2006-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-USCCB2008_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USCCB2008-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> References, such as <i>The New <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>, affirm the vocalization "Yahweh" by offering additional specifics to its (Christian) reconstruction out of Greek sources: </p> <blockquote><p>Early Christian writers, such as Clement of Alexandria in the 2nd century, had used a form like Yahweh, and claim that this pronunciation of the tetragrammaton was never really lost. Other Greek transcriptions also indicated that YHWH should be pronounced Yahweh.<sup id="cite_ref-Iaou_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Iaou-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p><a href="/wiki/Jah" title="Jah">Jah</a> or Yah (rendered as <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095"><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">יָהּ</span>‎ in Hebrew) is an abbreviation of Jahweh/Yahweh/Jehovah.<sup id="cite_ref-Loewen2020_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Loewen2020-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It appears in certain translations of the Bible, such as the <a href="/wiki/Revised_Standard_Version" title="Revised Standard Version">Revised Standard Version</a>, and is used by Christians in the interjection <a href="/wiki/Hallelujah" title="Hallelujah">Hallelujah</a>, meaning "Praise Jah", which is used to give Jahweh glory.<sup id="cite_ref-Loewen2020_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Loewen2020-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Christianity, certain hymns dedicated to God invoke the divine name using the vocalization <a href="/wiki/Jehovah" title="Jehovah">Jehovah</a> (<span title="Biblical Hebrew-language text"><span lang="hbo"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095"><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">יְהֹוָה</span>‎</span></span>, <span title="Biblical Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="hbo-Latn">Yəhōwā</i></span>), such as <i><a href="/wiki/Guide_Me,_O_Thou_Great_Jehovah" class="mw-redirect" title="Guide Me, O Thou Great Jehovah">Guide Me, O Thou Great Jehovah</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Barrett2020_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barrett2020-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Hebrew personal name of God YHWH is rendered as "the L<span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">ORD</span>" in many translations of the Bible, with Elohim being rendered as "God"; certain translations of Scripture render the Tetragrammaton with Yahweh or Jehovah in particular places, with the latter vocalization being used in the <a href="/wiki/King_James_Version" title="King James Version">King James Version</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tyndale_Bible" title="Tyndale Bible">Tyndale Bible</a>, and other translations of the Bible from that time period and later.<sup id="cite_ref-WGPlaut-Jehovah_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WGPlaut-Jehovah-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many English translations of the Bible (such as ESV, NIV, KJV, etc.) translate the tetragrammaton as <a href="/wiki/Lord#Religion" title="Lord">L<span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">ORD</span></a>, thus removing any form of YHWH from the written text and going well beyond the Jewish oral practice of substituting Adonai for YHWH when reading aloud.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The material near this tag failed verification of its source citation(s). (February 2021)">failed verification</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Bible_translations_into_English" title="Bible translations into English">English Bible translations</a> of the Greek <a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a> render <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><i lang="grc-Latn">ho theos</i></span> (Greek: <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">Ο Θεός</span></span>) as <a href="/wiki/God_(word)" title="God (word)">God</a> and <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><i lang="grc-Latn">ho kurios</i></span> (Greek: <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">Ο Κύριος</span></span>) as "the Lord", with the latter being the "Greek translation of the Hebrew OT name for God, Yahweh."<sup id="cite_ref-GreenMcKnightMarshall1992_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GreenMcKnightMarshall1992-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a> (Iesus, <a href="/wiki/Yeshua" title="Yeshua">Yeshua</a><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) was a common alternative form of the name <span title="Hebrew-language text"><span lang="he" dir="rtl">יְהוֹשֻׁעַ</span></span> (<span title="Hebrew-language text"><i lang="he-Latn">Yehoshua</i></span> – Joshua) in later books of the <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Bible" title="Hebrew Bible">Hebrew Bible</a> and among Jews of the <a href="/wiki/Second_Temple_period" title="Second Temple period">Second Temple period</a>. The name corresponds to the Greek spelling <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><i lang="grc-Latn">Iesous</i></span>, from which comes the English spelling <i>Jesus</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/Christ" class="mw-redirect" title="Christ">Christ</a></i> means 'the <a href="/wiki/Anoint" class="mw-redirect" title="Anoint">anointed</a>' in <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">Χριστός</span></span>). <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><i lang="grc-Latn">Khristos</i></span> is the Greek equivalent of the Hebrew word <a href="/wiki/Messiah" title="Messiah">Messiah</a>; while in English the old Anglo-Saxon Messiah-rendering <span title="Old English (ca. 450-1100)-language text"><i lang="ang">hæland</i></span> (healer) was practically annihilated by the Latin <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Christ</i></span>, some cognates such as <span title="Dutch-language text"><i lang="nl">heiland</i></span> in Dutch and Afrikaans survive—also, in German, the word <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Heiland</i></span> is sometimes used as reference to Jesus, e.g., in church chorals). </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Revelation" title="Book of Revelation">Book of Revelation</a> in the Christian <a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a>, God, that is, Jesus is quoted as saying "I am the <a href="/wiki/Alpha_and_Omega" title="Alpha and Omega">Alpha and the Omega</a>, the First and the Last, the Beginning and the End". (cf. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Revelation%201:8&version=nrsv">Rev. 1:8</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Revelation%2021:6&version=nrsv">21:6</a>, and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Revelation%2022:13&version=nrsv">22:13</a>) </p><p>Some <a href="/wiki/Religious_Society_of_Friends" class="mw-redirect" title="Religious Society of Friends">Quakers</a> refer to God with the title of <a href="/wiki/Light_(theology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Light (theology)">the Light</a>. Another term used is <a href="/wiki/King_of_Kings" title="King of Kings">King of Kings</a> or Lord of Lords and <a href="/wiki/Names_of_God_in_Judaism#Tzevaot" title="Names of God in Judaism">Lord of Hosts</a>. In addition to the personal name of God YHWH (pronounced with the vocalizations Yahweh or Jehovah), titles of God used by Christians include the <a href="/wiki/Biblical_Hebrew_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Biblical Hebrew language">Hebrew</a> titles Elohim, El-Shaddai, and Adonai, as well as <a href="/wiki/Ancient_of_Days" title="Ancient of Days">Ancient of Days</a>, <a href="/wiki/God_the_Father" title="God the Father">Father</a>/<a href="/wiki/Ab_(father)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ab (father)">Abba</a> which is Hebrew, "Most High".<sup id="cite_ref-Parke-Taylor2006_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Parke-Taylor2006-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/Ab_(Semitic)" title="Ab (Semitic)">Abba</a></i> ('father' in Hebrew) is a common term used for the creator within Christianity because it was a title Jesus used to refer to <a href="/wiki/God_the_Father" title="God the Father">God the Father</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Mormonism">Mormonism</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Names_of_God&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Mormonism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/God_in_Mormonism" title="God in Mormonism">God in Mormonism</a></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Mormonism" title="Mormonism">Mormonism</a> the name of God the Father is Elohim <sup id="cite_ref-Twelve_1916,_p._150_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Twelve_1916,_p._150-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the name of Jesus in his <a href="/wiki/Incarnation_(Christianity)#Mormonism" title="Incarnation (Christianity)">pre-incarnate</a> state was Jehovah.<sup id="cite_ref-Moroni_10:34_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Moroni_10:34-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Together, with the Holy Ghost they form the <a href="/wiki/God_in_Mormonism" title="God in Mormonism">Godhead</a>; God the Father, Jesus Christ, and the Holy Spirit.<sup id="cite_ref-churchofjesuschrist.org_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-churchofjesuschrist.org-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mormons typically refer to God as "Heavenly Father" or "Father in Heaven".<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although Mormonism views the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit as three distinct beings, they are one in purpose and God the Father (Elohim) is worshipped and given all glory through his Son, Jesus Christ (Jehovah). Despite the Godhead doctrine, which teaches that God the Father, Jesus Christ and the Holy Ghost are three separate, divine beings, many Mormons (mainstream <a href="/wiki/Latter-day_Saints" class="mw-redirect" title="Latter-day Saints">Latter-day Saints</a> and otherwise, such as the <a href="/wiki/Fundamentalist_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-Day_Saints" title="Fundamentalist Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints">Fundamentalist Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints</a>) view their beliefs as monotheist since Christ is the conduit through which humanity comes to the God the Father. <a href="/wiki/The_Book_of_Mormon" class="mw-redirect" title="The Book of Mormon">The Book of Mormon</a> ends with "to meet you before the pleasing bar of the great Jehovah, the eternal Judge of both the quick and dead. Amen."<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Jehovah's_Witnesses"><span id="Jehovah.27s_Witnesses"></span>Jehovah's Witnesses</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Names_of_God&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Jehovah's Witnesses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses" title="Jehovah's Witnesses">Jehovah's Witnesses</a> believe that God has a distinctive name, represented in the Old Testament by the Tetragrammaton. In English, they prefer to use the form <i>Jehovah</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to their <i><a href="/wiki/New_World_Translation_of_the_Holy_Scriptures" class="mw-redirect" title="New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures">New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures</a></i>, the name <i>Jehovah</i> means "He causes to become".<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Though scholars prefer the form <i>Yahweh</i>, Jehovah's Witnesses maintain that the name <i>Jehovah</i> is the most well known form in English.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their literature compares the use of the form <i>Jehovah</i> in English to the widespread use of <i>Jesus</i> in English as a translation of <i><span title="Hebrew-language text"><i lang="he-Latn">Yeshua</i></span></i> or <i><span title="Hebrew-language text"><i lang="he-Latn">Yehoshua</i></span></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Islam">Islam</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Names_of_God&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Islam"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Allah_Names_in_Chinese_Arabic_Script.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fa/Allah_Names_in_Chinese_Arabic_Script.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="500" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption>99 names of <a href="/wiki/Allah" title="Allah">Allah</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a> <a href="/wiki/Sini_(script)" title="Sini (script)">Sini (script)</a>.</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Names_of_God_in_Islam" title="Names of God in Islam">Names of God in Islam</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Allah" title="Allah">Allah</a> and <a href="/wiki/God_in_Islam" title="God in Islam">God in Islam</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Allah" title="Allah">Allah</a>—meaning 'the God' in Arabic—is the word for God in <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Britannica_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britannica-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The word <i>Allah</i> has been used by Arabic people of different religions since pre-Islamic times. More specifically, it has been used as a term for God by <a href="/wiki/Muslims" title="Muslims">Muslims</a> (both Arab and non-Arab) and <a href="/wiki/Arab_Christians" title="Arab Christians">Arab Christians</a>. God has many names in Islam. The Qur'an says (in translation) "to Him Belong the Best Names (<span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">Lahu Al-Asma' Al-Husna</i></span>)"; examples include <i><a href="/wiki/Ar-Rahman" title="Ar-Rahman">Ar-Rahman</a></i> ('the Entirely Merciful') and <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">Ar-Rahim</i></span> ('the Especially Merciful'). Beside these Arabic names, Muslims of non-Arab origins may also sometimes use other names in their own languages to refer to God, such as <a href="#xoda"><i>Khuda</i></a> in <a href="/wiki/Farsi" class="mw-redirect" title="Farsi">Persian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a> and <a href="/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu">Urdu</a>. <span title="Ottoman Turkish (1500-1928)-language text"><i lang="ota">Tangri</i></span> or <i><a href="/wiki/Tengri" title="Tengri">Tengri</a></i> was used in the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Turkish_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ottoman Turkish language">Ottoman Turkish language</a> as the equivalent of Allah.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>He is Allah, other than whom there is no deity, Knower of the unseen and the witnessed. He is the Entirely Merciful, the Especially Merciful. He is Allah, other than whom there is no deity, the Sovereign, the Pure, the Perfection, the Bestower of Faith, the Overseer, the Exalted in Might, the Compeller, the Superior. Exalted is Allah above whatever they associate with Him. He is Allah, the Creator, the Inventor, the Fashioner; to Him belong the best names. Whatever is in the heavens and earth is exalting Him. And He is the Exalted in Might, the Wise. (Translation of Qur'an: Chapter 59, Verses 22-24)</p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Sufism">Sufism</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Names_of_God&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Sufism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Tasawwuf" class="mw-redirect" title="Tasawwuf">Tasawwuf</a>, often characterised as the inner, mystical dimension of Islam, <a href="/wiki/Hu_(Sufism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hu (Sufism)">Hu</a>, <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">Huwa</i></span> (depends on placement in the sentence), or <i><a href="/wiki/Parvardigar" title="Parvardigar">Parvardigar</a></i> in Persian are used as names of God. The sound <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">Hu</i></span> derives from the last letter of the word <a href="/wiki/Allah" title="Allah">Allah</a>, which is read as <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">Allahu</i></span> when in the middle of a sentence. <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">Hu</i></span> means 'Just He' or 'Revealed'. The word explicitly appears in many <a href="/wiki/Ayah" class="mw-redirect" title="Ayah">verses</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quran</a>: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>"<span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">La ilaha illa Hu</i></span>"</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><a href="/wiki/Al_Imran" title="Al Imran">Al Imran</a>:18</cite></div></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Baháʼí_Faith"><span id="Bah.C3.A1.CA.BC.C3.AD_Faith"></span>Baháʼí Faith</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Names_of_God&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Baháʼí Faith"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/God_in_the_Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith" title="God in the Baháʼí Faith">God in the Baháʼí Faith</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%27%C3%AD_literature" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahá'í literature">scriptures</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith" title="Baháʼí Faith">Baháʼí Faith</a> often refer to God by various titles and attributes, such as Almighty, All-Possessing, All-Powerful, All-Wise, Incomparable, Gracious, Helper, All-Glorious, and Omniscient.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Baháʼís believe the <a href="/wiki/Greatest_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Greatest name">Greatest Name of God</a> is "All-Glorious" or <i><span title="Arabic-language text"><i lang="ar">Bahá</i></span></i> in Arabic. <i><span title="Arabic-language text"><i lang="ar">Bahá</i></span></i> is the root word of the following names and phrases: the greeting <i><span title="Arabic-language text"><i lang="ar"><a href="/wiki/All%C3%A1h-u-Abh%C3%A1" title="Alláh-u-Abhá">Alláh-u-Abhá</a></i></span></i> ('God is the All-Glorious'), the invocation <i><span title="Arabic-language text"><i lang="ar">Yá Bahá'u'l-Abhá</i></span></i> ('O Thou Glory of the Most Glorious'), <i><span title="Arabic-language text"><i lang="ar">Bahá'u'lláh</i></span></i> ('the Glory of God'), and <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">Baháʼí</i></span> ('Follower of the All-Glorious'). These are expressed in Arabic regardless of the language in use (see <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_symbols" title="Baháʼí symbols">Baháʼí symbols</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-smith_gn_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-smith_gn-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Apart from these names, God is addressed in the local language, for example <span title="Hindi-language romanization"><i lang="hi-Latn">Ishwar</i></span> in Hindi, <span title="French-language romanization"><i lang="fr-Latn">Dieu</i></span> in French and <span title="Spanish-language romanization"><i lang="es-Latn">Dios</i></span> in Spanish.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2011)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Baháʼís believe <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%27u%27ll%C3%A1h" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahá'u'lláh">Bahá'u'lláh</a>, the founder of the Baháʼí Faith, is the "complete incarnation of the names and attributes of God".<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mandaeism">Mandaeism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Names_of_God&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Mandaeism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Hayyi_Rabbi" title="Hayyi Rabbi">Hayyi Rabbi</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Mandaeism" title="Mandaeism">Mandaeism</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Mandaeism" title="Mandaeism">Mandaeans</a> believe in one God called <span title="Classical Mandaic-language romanization"><i lang="myz-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Hayyi_Rabbi" title="Hayyi Rabbi">Hayyi Rabbi</a></i></span> ('The Great Life' or 'The Great Living God').<sup id="cite_ref-Nashmi_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nashmi-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other names for God used include <span title="Classical Mandaic-language romanization"><i lang="myz-Latn">Mare d'Rabuta</i></span> ('Lord of Greatness'), <span title="Classical Mandaic-language romanization"><i lang="myz-Latn">Mana Rabba</i></span> ('The Great Mind'), <span title="Classical Mandaic-language romanization"><i lang="myz-Latn">Melka d'Nhura</i></span> ('King of Light') and <span title="Classical Mandaic-language romanization"><i lang="myz-Latn">Hayyi Qadmaiyi</i></span> ('The First Life').<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gnosticism">Gnosticism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Names_of_God&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Gnosticism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Monad_(Gnosticism)" title="Monad (Gnosticism)">Monad (Gnosticism)</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Egypt">Egypt</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Names_of_God&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Egypt"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Divine name" redirects here. For the name of a deity, see <a href="/wiki/Theonym" title="Theonym">Theonym</a>.</div> <p>A <b>divine name</b> is an official title for any divine being. In Egypt, divine names were indicated with a god's inscription (<i>nṯr</i>, which can be Anglicised as <i>netjer</i>.)<sup id="cite_ref-Frajzyngier_Shay_2012_p._47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Frajzyngier_Shay_2012_p.-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Sumerian cuneiform, the <i><a href="/wiki/Dingir" title="Dingir">Dingir</a></i> sign (𒀭) was used.<sup id="cite_ref-Smith_2003_p._108_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smith_2003_p._108-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:KTU1-4epithetexample.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="mgn rbt atrt ym mgz qnyt ilm" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/KTU1-4epithetexample.png/220px-KTU1-4epithetexample.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="57" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b0/KTU1-4epithetexample.png 1.5x" data-file-width="249" data-file-height="64" /></a><figcaption>Asherah's title in KTU 1.4 <i>mgn rbt</i> is like Jupiter's title <i>optimus maxiumus.</i></figcaption></figure> <p>A divine being's name is distinct from an epithet. A divine epithet expresses specific traits, aspects, or domains of a god, or applies a common noun to them.<sup id="cite_ref-Rahmouni_2007_v341_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rahmouni_2007_v341-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rahmouni says a locative name is <i>ʔil yṯb bʕṯtrt </i>in KTU 1.108, 2 meaning "The god who sits (enthroned) in ʕAṯtartu.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A name is sometimes double-barreled, like in <a href="/wiki/Deir_Alla_Inscription" class="mw-redirect" title="Deir Alla Inscription">Shagar-we-Ishtar</a> or <a href="/wiki/Kothar-wa-Hasis" class="mw-redirect" title="Kothar-wa-Hasis">Kothar-wa-Hasis</a>. </p><p>ʔṯrt w rḥmy <a href="/wiki/Asherah" title="Asherah">Asherah</a>-wa-Rachmai takes this ("binomial") form but is of slightly unclear categorization.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In this case and that of the <a href="/wiki/Baalat_Gebal" title="Baalat Gebal">Lady of Byblos</a>, it is not clear if the appellation is a personal name. </p><p>Binomial names can be found in "bound forms" like <a href="/wiki/Bethel_(god)" title="Bethel (god)">Bethel's</a> Anat-Bethel, Ashim-Bethel, "and Herem-Bethel from the archives of Elephantine."<sup id="cite_ref-Religion_and_Literature_of_Ancient_Palestine_2015_a281_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Religion_and_Literature_of_Ancient_Palestine_2015_a281-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In one Egyptian story, the sun god Ra's <a href="/wiki/True_name" title="True name">true name</a> was cunningly uncovered by Isis. Using a secret scheme, Isis gained complete dominion over Ra. This enabled her to elevate her son Horus to the throne, showing the power that a name had over the gods. <sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Appendages">Appendages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Names_of_God&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Appendages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The maiden goddesses of Canaan and Phoenicia were sometimes called the "name of the lord" (Ba'al) or the "face of the lord." In their less-virginal incarnations as the consort Anat-Bethel or as a mother goddess ʕtr [ʕ-t-r-m = ʕtr-(ʕ)m(y) "ʕtr my mother"] these and "hand of" the deity are added. This might mean hypostasis or intercession.<sup id="cite_ref-Steiner_2001_pp._259–268_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Steiner_2001_pp._259–268-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Indian_religions">Indian religions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Names_of_God&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Indian religions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hinduism">Hinduism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Names_of_God&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Hinduism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/God_in_Hinduism" title="God in Hinduism">God in Hinduism</a></div> <p>There are multiple names for God's various manifestations worshiped in <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a>. Some of the common names for these deities in Hinduism are: </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Bhagavan" title="Bhagavan">Bhagavan</a></i> (<span title="Sanskrit-language text"><span lang="sa">भगवान्</span></span>) the most frequently used name for Lord in <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a>. The equivalent term used for female deities is <span title="Sanskrit-language romanization"><i lang="sa-Latn">Bhagavati</i></span> (<span title="Sanskrit-language text"><span lang="sa">भगवती</span></span>).</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Brahman" title="Brahman">Brahman</a></i> (<span title="Sanskrit-language text"><span lang="sa">ब्रह्मन्</span></span>) is a theological concept espoused in <a href="/wiki/Vedanta" title="Vedanta">Vedanta</a> philosophy of Hinduism, which is of neuter gender. The word <span title="Sanskrit-language romanization"><i lang="sa-Latn">Paramatman</i></span> (<span title="Sanskrit-language text"><span lang="sa">परमात्मन्</span></span>) popularly pronounced as <span title="Sanskrit-language romanization"><i lang="sa-Latn">Paramatma</i></span> (<span title="Sanskrit-language text"><span lang="sa">परमात्मा</span></span>) is also used synonymously with it. The word is used to denote the Supreme Divinity/Supreme Soul.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Isvara" class="mw-redirect" title="Isvara">Isvara</a></i> (<span title="Sanskrit-language text"><span lang="sa">ईश्वर</span></span>) shortened as <span title="Sanskrit-language romanization"><i lang="sa-Latn">Isha</i></span> (<span title="Sanskrit-language text"><span lang="sa">ईश</span></span>) is applied to mean 'God' in both religious and secular context (for example in the <a href="/wiki/Gita" class="mw-redirect" title="Gita">Gita</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arjuna" title="Arjuna">Arjuna</a> is referred to as <span title="Sanskrit-language romanization"><i lang="sa-Latn">Manujeshvara</i></span> which is a compound of the two words <span title="Sanskrit-language romanization"><i lang="sa-Latn">manuja</i></span>, 'human' and <span title="Sanskrit-language romanization"><i lang="sa-Latn">Ishvara</i></span>, thus the word means 'God of humans', i.e. 'king'). The term <span title="Sanskrit-language romanization"><i lang="sa-Latn">Parameshvara</i></span> ('Supreme God') is used to refer to one's <span title="Sanskrit-language romanization"><i lang="sa-Latn">Ishta</i></span> (chosen deity for personal veneration) in general terms. The feminine equivalents are <span title="Sanskrit-language romanization"><i lang="sa-Latn">Isvari</i></span> (<span title="Sanskrit-language text"><span lang="sa">ईश्वरी</span></span>) and <span title="Sanskrit-language romanization"><i lang="sa-Latn">Parameshvari</i></span> (<span title="Sanskrit-language text"><span lang="sa">परमेश्वरी</span></span>) used in case of female deities.</li> <li><span title="Sanskrit-language romanization"><i lang="sa-Latn">Deva/Devata</i></span> (<span title="Sanskrit-language text"><span lang="sa">देव/देवता</span></span>) is the most commonly used suffix used for male deities in Hinduism. The feminine equivalent is <span title="Sanskrit-language romanization"><i lang="sa-Latn">Devi</i></span> (<span title="Sanskrit-language text"><span lang="sa">देवी</span></span>).</li></ul> <p>Additionally, most Hindu deities have a collection of 8/12/16/32/100/108/1000/1008 names exclusively dedicated to them known as <span title="Sanskrit-language romanization"><i lang="sa-Latn">Namavali</i></span>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (August 2022)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Tamil_Tradition">Tamil Tradition</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Names_of_God&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Tamil Tradition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>அருமன் (Arumaṉ) - The most giving.</li> <li>உய்யன் (Uyyaṉ) - The most high.</li> <li>இறைவன் (Iṟaivaṉ) - The one above all.</li> <li>இயவுள் (Iyavul) - <a href="/wiki/Primum_movens" class="mw-redirect" title="Primum movens">who sets things in motion</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Arya_Samaj">Arya Samaj</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Names_of_God&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Arya Samaj"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Satyarth_Prakash" title="Satyarth Prakash">Satyarth Prakash</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Maharishi_Dayanand" class="mw-redirect" title="Maharishi Dayanand">Maharishi Dayanand</a> in his book <i>Vaghasiya Ayush</i> has listed 100 names of God each representing some property or attribute thereof mentioning "Om" or "<a href="/wiki/Aum" class="mw-redirect" title="Aum">Aum</a>" as God's personal and natural name. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jainism">Jainism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Names_of_God&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Jainism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/God_in_Jainism" title="God in Jainism">God in Jainism</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Jainism" title="Jainism">Jainism</a> rejects the idea of a <a href="/wiki/Creator_deity" title="Creator deity">creator deity</a> responsible for the manifestation, creation, or maintenance of this universe. According to Jain doctrine, the universe and its constituents (soul, matter, space, time, and principles of motion) have <a href="/wiki/Jainism_and_non-creationism" title="Jainism and non-creationism">always existed</a>. All the constituents and actions are governed by universal natural laws and an immaterial entity like God cannot create a material entity like the universe. Jainism offers an elaborate <a href="/wiki/Jain_cosmology" title="Jain cosmology">cosmology</a>, including heavenly beings (<span title="Sanskrit-language romanization"><i lang="sa-Latn">deva</i></span><i>s</i>), but these beings are not viewed as creators; they are subject to suffering and change like all other living beings, and must eventually die. </p><p>Jains define godliness as the inherent quality of any soul characterizing infinite bliss, infinite power, <a href="/wiki/Kevala_Jnana" class="mw-redirect" title="Kevala Jnana">perfect knowledge</a> and perfect peace. However, these qualities of a soul are subdued due to <a href="/wiki/Karma_in_Jainism" title="Karma in Jainism">karmas</a> of the soul. One who achieves this state of soul through <a href="/wiki/Ratnatraya" title="Ratnatraya">right belief, right knowledge and right conduct</a> can be termed as god. This perfection of soul is called <i><a href="/wiki/Kevala_Jnana" class="mw-redirect" title="Kevala Jnana">kaivalya</a></i> (omniscience). A liberated soul thus becomes a god – liberated of miseries, cycles of rebirth, world, <i>karmas</i> and finally liberated of body as well. This is called <i><a href="/wiki/Nirvana_(Jainism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nirvana (Jainism)">nirvana</a></i> or <i><a href="/wiki/Moksa_(Jainism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Moksa (Jainism)">moksha</a></i>. </p><p>If godliness is defined as the state of having freed one's soul from karmas and the attainment of <a href="/wiki/Kevala_Jnana" class="mw-redirect" title="Kevala Jnana">Kevala Jnana</a> and a god as one who exists in such a state, then those who have achieved such a state can be termed gods/<i><a href="/wiki/Tirthankara" title="Tirthankara">Tirthankara</a></i>. Thus, <a href="/wiki/Rishabha_(Jain_tirthankar)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rishabha (Jain tirthankar)">Rishabhanatha</a> was god/<span title="Sanskrit-language romanization"><i lang="sa-Latn">Tirthankara</i></span> but he was not the only <span title="Sanskrit-language romanization"><i lang="sa-Latn">Tirthankara</i></span>; there were many other <span title="Sanskrit-language romanization"><i lang="sa-Latn">Tirthankara</i></span>. However, the quality of godliness is one and the same in all of them. </p><p>Jainism does not teach the dependency on any supreme being for enlightenment. The <span title="Sanskrit-language romanization"><i lang="sa-Latn">Tirthankara</i></span> is a guide and teacher who points the way to enlightenment, but the struggle for enlightenment is one's own. Moral rewards and sufferings are not the work of a divine being, but a result of an innate moral order in the <a href="/wiki/Cosmos" title="Cosmos">cosmos</a>; a self-regulating mechanism whereby the individual reaps the fruits of his own actions through the workings of the karmas. </p><p>Jains believe that to attain enlightenment and ultimately liberation from all karmic bonding, one must practice the ethical principles not only in thought, but also in words (speech) and action. Such a practice through lifelong work towards oneself is called as observing the <i><a href="/wiki/Mahavrata" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahavrata">Mahavrata</a></i> ('Great Vows'). </p><p>Gods can be thus categorized into embodied gods also known as <i><a href="/wiki/Tirthankara" title="Tirthankara">Tīrthankaras</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arihant_(Jainism)" title="Arihant (Jainism)">Arihantas</a></i> or ordinary <i><a href="/wiki/Kevala_J%C3%B1%C4%81na" class="mw-redirect" title="Kevala Jñāna">Kevalis</a></i>, and non-embodied formless gods who are called <i><a href="/wiki/Siddha" title="Siddha">Siddhas</a></i>. Jainism considers the <span title="Sanskrit-language romanization"><i lang="sa-Latn">devī</i></span><i>s</i> and <span title="Sanskrit-language romanization"><i lang="sa-Latn">deva</i></span><i>s</i> to be souls who dwell in heavens owing to meritorious deeds in their past lives. These souls are in heavens for a fixed lifespan and even they have to undergo reincarnation as humans to achieve <span title="Sanskrit-language romanization"><i lang="sa-Latn">moksha</i></span>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sikhism">Sikhism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Names_of_God&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Sikhism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Names_of_God_in_Sikhism" title="Names of God in Sikhism">Names of God in Sikhism</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/God_in_Sikhism" title="God in Sikhism">God in Sikhism</a></div> <p>There are multiple names for God in Sikhism. Some of the popular names for God in Sikhism are: </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Akal_Purakh" title="Akal Purakh">Akal Purakh</a></i>, meaning 'timeless being'.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ik_Onkar" title="Ik Onkar">Ik Onkar</a></i>, 'One Creator', found at the beginning of the Sikh <a href="/wiki/Mul_Mantar" title="Mul Mantar">Mul Mantar</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nirankar" title="Nirankar">Nirankar</a></i>, meaning 'formless'.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Satnam" title="Satnam">Satnam</a></i>, meaning 'True Name'; some are of the opinion that this is a name for God in itself, others believe that this is an adjective used to describe the <span title="Punjabi-language romanization"><i lang="pa-Latn">Gurmantar</i></span>, <span title="Punjabi-language romanization"><i lang="pa-Latn">Waheguru</i></span>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Waheguru" title="Waheguru">Waheguru</a></i>, meaning 'Wonderful Teacher bringing light to remove darkness'; this name is considered the greatest among Sikhs, and it is known as <span title="Punjabi-language romanization"><i lang="pa-Latn">Gurmantar</i></span>, 'the Guru's Word'. <span title="Punjabi-language romanization"><i lang="pa-Latn">Waheguru</i></span> is the only way to meet God.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><span title="Punjabi-language romanization"><i lang="pa-Latn">Dātā</i></span> or <span title="Punjabi-language romanization"><i lang="pa-Latn">Dātār</i></span>, meaning 'the Giver'.</li> <li><span title="Punjabi-language romanization"><i lang="pa-Latn">Kartā</i></span> or <span title="Punjabi-language romanization"><i lang="pa-Latn">Kartār</i></span>, meaning 'the Doer'<i>.</i></li> <li><span title="Punjabi-language romanization"><i lang="pa-Latn">Diāl</i></span>, meaning 'compassionate'<i>.</i></li> <li><span title="Punjabi-language romanization"><i lang="pa-Latn">Kirpāl</i></span>, meaning 'benevolent'<i>.</i></li></ul> <p>In the Sikh scripture, both Hindu and Muslim names of the Supreme Being are also commonly employed, expressing different aspects of the divine Name. For instance, names like <a href="/wiki/Rama" title="Rama">Ram</a> ('pervading'), <a href="/wiki/Hari" title="Hari">Hari</a> ('shining'), <a href="/wiki/Parameshwara_(god)" class="mw-redirect" title="Parameshwara (god)">Parmeshwar</a> ('supreme lord'), and <span title="Sanskrit-language romanization"><i lang="sa-Latn">Jagdish</i></span> ('world lord') refer to Hindu terms, while names like <a href="/wiki/Allah" title="Allah">Allah</a> (Arabic for <i>God</i>), <a href="/wiki/Khuda" title="Khuda">Khuda</a> (Persian for <i>God</i>), <a href="/wiki/Rahim" title="Rahim">Rahim</a> ('merciful'), <a href="/wiki/Karim" class="mw-redirect" title="Karim">Karim</a> ('generous'), and <a href="/wiki/Sahib" title="Sahib">Sahib</a> ('lord') are of Muslim origin.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>God, according to <a href="/wiki/Guru_Nanak" title="Guru Nanak">Guru Nanak</a>, is beyond full comprehension by <a href="/wiki/Human" title="Human">humans</a>; has an endless number of virtues; takes on innumerable forms, but is formless; and can be called by an infinite number of names thus "Your Names are so many, and Your Forms are endless. No one can tell how many Glorious Virtues You have."<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The word <i><a href="/wiki/Allah" title="Allah">Allah</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Punjabi_language" title="Punjabi language">Punjabi</a>: <span lang="pa">ਅਲਹੁ</span>) is used 12 times in the <i><a href="/wiki/Guru_Granth_Sahib" title="Guru Granth Sahib">Guru Granth Sahib</a></i> (primary religious scripture) by Sheikh Farid. Guru Nanak Dev, Guru Arjan Dev and Bhagat Kabeer used the word 18 times. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Iranian_religions">Iranian religions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Names_of_God&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Iranian religions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Yazidism">Yazidism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Names_of_God&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Yazidism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Yazidism" title="Yazidism">Yazidism</a></div> <p>Yazidism knows only one eternal God, often named <span title="Kurdish-language text"><i lang="ku">Xwedê</i></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-Birgül_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Birgül-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to some Yazidi hymns (known as <span title="Kurdish-language text"><i lang="ku">Qewl</i></span><i>s</i>), God has 1001 names.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Zoroastrianism">Zoroastrianism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Names_of_God&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Zoroastrianism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/101_Names_of_God" class="mw-redirect" title="101 Names of God">101 Names of God</a></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianism" title="Zoroastrianism">Zoroastrianism</a>, 101 names of God (<a href="/wiki/Pazand" class="mw-redirect" title="Pazand">Pazand</a> <span title="Middle Persian-language romanization"><i lang="pal-Latn">Sad-o-yak nam-i-khoda</i></span>) is a list of names of God (<a href="/wiki/Ahura_Mazda" title="Ahura Mazda">Ahura Mazda</a>). The list is preserved in <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pazand" class="mw-redirect" title="Pazand">Pazand</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gujarati_language" title="Gujarati language">Gujarati</a>. <a href="/wiki/Parsi" class="mw-redirect" title="Parsi">Parsi</a> tradition expanded this to a list of 101 names of God.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="African_religions">African religions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Names_of_God&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: African religions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="!Kung"><span id=".21Kung"></span>!Kung</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Names_of_God&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: !Kung"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Names_of_God" title="Special:EditPage/Names of God">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">February 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The supreme being in <a href="/wiki/!Kung_mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="!Kung mythology">!Kung mythology</a> is known as Khu, Xu, Xuba, or Huwa. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Odinani">Odinani</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Names_of_God&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Odinani"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Names_of_God" title="Special:EditPage/Names of God">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">February 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><a href="/wiki/Chukwu" title="Chukwu">Chukwu</a> is the supreme being of the <a href="/wiki/Odinani" class="mw-redirect" title="Odinani">Odinani</a> religion of the <a href="/wiki/Igbo_people" title="Igbo people">Igbo people</a>. In the <a href="/wiki/Alusi" class="mw-redirect" title="Alusi">Igbo pantheon</a>, Chukwu is the source of all other <a href="/wiki/Alusi" class="mw-redirect" title="Alusi">Igbo deities</a> and is responsible for assigning them their different tasks. The <a href="/wiki/Igbo_people" title="Igbo people">Igbo people</a> believe that all things come from Chukwu, who brings the <a href="/wiki/Rain" title="Rain">rain</a> necessary for <a href="/wiki/Plants" class="mw-redirect" title="Plants">plants</a> to grow and controls everything on <a href="/wiki/Earth" title="Earth">Earth</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Spirit_world_(Spiritualism)" title="Spirit world (Spiritualism)">spiritual world</a>. They believe Chukwu to be an undefinable <a href="/wiki/Omnipotent" class="mw-redirect" title="Omnipotent">omnipotent</a> and <a href="/wiki/Omnipresent" class="mw-redirect" title="Omnipresent">omnipresent</a> supreme deity that encompasses everything in <a href="/wiki/Space" title="Space">space</a> and time itself. Igbo Christians also refer to the Abrahamic God as Chukwu. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="West_African_Vodun">West African Vodun</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Names_of_God&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: West African Vodun"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Nana_Buluku" title="Nana Buluku">Nana Buluku</a> is the female supreme being in <a href="/wiki/West_African_Vodun" class="mw-redirect" title="West African Vodun">West African Vodun</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Dahomey_mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Dahomey mythology">Dahomey mythology</a>, Nana Buluku is the mother supreme creator who gave birth to the moon spirit <a href="/wiki/Mawu" title="Mawu">Mawu</a>, the sun spirit <a href="/wiki/Lisa_(mythology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lisa (mythology)">Lisa</a>, and all of the universe. After giving birth to these, she retired and left the matters of the world to Mawu-Lisa. She is the primary creator, Mawu-Lisa the secondary creator, and the theology based on these is called Vodun, Voodoo or Vodoun.<sup id="cite_ref-Asante2009p270_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Asante2009p270-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Yoruba_religion">Yoruba religion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Names_of_God&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Yoruba religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The supreme creator in the <a href="/wiki/Yoruba_religion" title="Yoruba religion">traditional religion</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Yoruba_people" title="Yoruba people">Yoruba people</a> is known as <a href="/wiki/Olorun" class="mw-redirect" title="Olorun">Olorun</a> or <a href="/wiki/Olodumare" class="mw-redirect" title="Olodumare">Olodumare</a>. The Yoruba believe that Olodumare is omnipotent and is the source of all.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Olodumare is aloof; he is not directly involved in earthly matters and lets other Yoruba deities (<a href="/wiki/Orisha" title="Orisha">orisha</a>), who are his sons and daughters, answer human concerns through divination, possession, sacrifice and more.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, everything is in the hands of Olodumare when they are going to bed at night.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_61-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Yoruba Muslims and Christians also refer to the Abrahamic God as Olorun. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Zulu_traditional_religion">Zulu traditional religion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Names_of_God&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Zulu traditional religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Unkulunkulu" title="Unkulunkulu">Unkulunkulu</a> is the supreme creator in <a href="/wiki/Zulu_traditional_religion" title="Zulu traditional religion">Zulu traditional religion</a>. Unkulunkulu brought human beings and cattle from an area of reeds. He created everything, from land and water, to man and the animals. He is considered the first man as well as the parent of all Zulu. He taught the Zulu how to hunt, how to make fire, and how to grow food.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Zulu Christians also refer to the Abrahamic God as Unkulunkulu. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Native_American_religions">Native American religions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Names_of_God&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Native American religions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Anishinaabe">Anishinaabe</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Names_of_God&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Anishinaabe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Anishinaabe_traditional_beliefs" title="Anishinaabe traditional beliefs">Anishinaabe traditional beliefs</a></div> <p>Gitche Manitou, also known as Gitchi Manitou, Kitchi Manitou, means "<a href="/wiki/Great_Spirit" title="Great Spirit">Great Spirit</a>" in several <a href="/wiki/Algonquian_languages" title="Algonquian languages">Algonquian languages</a>. <a href="/wiki/Christian_missionaries" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian missionaries">Christian missionaries</a> have translated <i><a href="/wiki/God_in_Christianity" title="God in Christianity">God</a></i> as <i>Gitche Manitou</i> in scriptures and prayers in the Algonquian languages. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Names_of_God&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P_religion_world.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/P_religion_world.svg/31px-P_religion_world.svg.png" decoding="async" width="31" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/P_religion_world.svg/47px-P_religion_world.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/P_religion_world.svg/62px-P_religion_world.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Religion" title="Portal:Religion">Religion portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhadrakalpika_S%C5%ABtra" title="Bhadrakalpika Sūtra">Bhadrakalpika Sūtra</a> c. 200-250 CE, which gives names of 1002 Buddhas</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creator_deity" title="Creator deity">Creator deity</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dingir" title="Dingir">Dingir</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God" title="God">God</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Existence_of_God" title="Existence of God">Existence of God</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_deities" title="Lists of deities">Lists of deities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_goddesses" title="List of goddesses">List of goddesses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahasranama" title="Sahasranama">Sahasranama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetragrammaton" title="Tetragrammaton">Tetragrammaton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishnu_Sahasran%C4%81ma" class="mw-redirect" title="Vishnu Sahasranāma">Vishnu Sahasranāma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Nine_Billion_Names_of_God" title="The Nine Billion Names of God">The Nine Billion Names of God</a>, a short story by <a href="/wiki/Arthur_C._Clarke" title="Arthur C. Clarke">Arthur C. Clarke</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Names_of_God&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-isbn0-7546-0755-0-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-isbn0-7546-0755-0_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFVelde2006" class="citation book cs1">Velde, Rudi van de (2006). <i>Aquinas on God: the 'divine science' of the Summa theologiae</i>. Aldershot, Hants, England: Ashgate. pp. 45–46. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7546-0755-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-7546-0755-0"><bdi>0-7546-0755-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Aquinas+on+God%3A+the+%27divine+science%27+of+the+Summa+theologiae&rft.place=Aldershot%2C+Hants%2C+England&rft.pages=45-46&rft.pub=Ashgate&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-7546-0755-0&rft.aulast=Velde&rft.aufirst=Rudi+van+de&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANames+of+God" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JE1-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-JE1_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JE1_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JE1_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JE1_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEisensteinMcLaughlin1906" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Julius_Eisenstein" title="Julius Eisenstein">Eisenstein, Judah D.</a>; <a href="/wiki/John_Fletcher_McLaughlin" title="John Fletcher McLaughlin">McLaughlin, John F.</a> (1906). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/11305-names-of-god">"Names of God"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Encyclopedia" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish Encyclopedia">Jewish Encyclopedia</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Kopelman_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="Kopelman Foundation">Kopelman Foundation</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Names+of+God&rft.btitle=Jewish+Encyclopedia&rft.pub=Kopelman+Foundation&rft.date=1906&rft.aulast=Eisenstein&rft.aufirst=Judah+D.&rft.au=McLaughlin%2C+John+F.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jewishencyclopedia.com%2Farticles%2F11305-names-of-god&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANames+of+God" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jordan, Mark D. (1983), <i>The Names of God and the Being of Names,</i> in <i>The Existence and Nature of God</i>, edited by Alfred J. Freddoso, pp. 161–190. University of Notre Dame Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-268-00911-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-268-00911-2">0-268-00911-2</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://etd.nd.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-03262009-105239/unrestricted/WellsC032009.pdf">(PDF) Sacraments of the Incarnate Word: The Christological Form of the Summa theologiae</a> C Wells, Etd.nd.edu</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Aiyadurai Jesudasen Appasamy, G. S. S. Sreenivasa Rao, <i>Inter-faith dialogue and world community</i>. Christian Literature Society for India (1991) "All these names of God are, of course, symbols. ... All names of the one God or the Absolute are symbols." p. 9</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Peter C. Phan (2004). <i>Being religious interreligiously: Asian perspectives on interfaith dialogue</i> p. 102.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jerald D. Gort <i>On sharing religious experience: possibilities of interfaith mutuality</i> p.146 Encounter of Religions Research Group Rodopi, 1992 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8028-0505-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-8028-0505-1">0-8028-0505-1</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSingh2006" class="citation book cs1">Singh, Prithi Pal (2006). <i>The History of Sikh Gurus</i>. Lotus Press. p. 176. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788183820752" title="Special:BookSources/9788183820752"><bdi>9788183820752</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History+of+Sikh+Gurus&rft.pages=176&rft.pub=Lotus+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9788183820752&rft.aulast=Singh&rft.aufirst=Prithi+Pal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANames+of+God" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Paul Rorem, <i>Pseudo-Dionysius: a commentary on the texts and an introduction to their influence.</i> Oxford University Press, 1993, p.163 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-507664-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-507664-8">0-19-507664-8</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Valentina Izmirlieva, <i>All the names of the Lord: lists, mysticism, and magic</i>, University of Chicago Press, 2008 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-226-38870-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-226-38870-0">0-226-38870-0</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">James Orr <i>The International Standard Bible encyclopaedia</i> Edition: —Item notes: v. 1—1959 1915 p. 1267</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">John S. Mbiti. <i>Concepts of God in Africa</i>. p. 217, 1970</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WGPlaut-YHWH-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WGPlaut-YHWH_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"How the <a href="/wiki/Names_of_God_in_Judaism" title="Names of God in Judaism">Name</a> was originally vocalized is no longer certain. Its pronunciation was in time restricted to the Temple service, then to the High Priest intoning it on the <a href="/wiki/Yom_Kippur" title="Yom Kippur">Day of Atonement</a>, after, and after the destruction of the Temple it received a substitute pronunciation both for the reading of <a href="/wiki/Torah" title="Torah">Scripture</a> and for its use at <a href="/wiki/Jewish_prayer" title="Jewish prayer">prayer</a>." <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPlaut1985" class="citation book cs1">Plaut, W. Gunther; Leviticus / Bernard J. Bamberger; Essays on ancient Near Eastern literature / commentaries by William W. Hallo (1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/torahtorahm00plau/page/424"><i>[Torah] = The Torah : a modern commentary</i></a> (4th ed.). New York: Union of Hebrew Congregations. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/torahtorahm00plau/page/424">424–426</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0807400556" title="Special:BookSources/0807400556"><bdi>0807400556</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%5BTorah%5D+%3D+The+Torah+%3A+a+modern+commentary&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=424-426&rft.edition=4th&rft.pub=Union+of+Hebrew+Congregations&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=0807400556&rft.aulast=Plaut&rft.aufirst=W.+Gunther%3B+Leviticus+%2F+Bernard+J.+Bamberger%3B+Essays+on+ancient+Near+Eastern+literature+%2F+commentaries+by+William+W.+Hallo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftorahtorahm00plau%2Fpage%2F424&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANames+of+God" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Iaou-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Iaou_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Iaou_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The New Encyclopædia Britannica</i>, Vol. 12, 1998, Chicago, IL, article "Yahweh", p. 804.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSameth2020" class="citation book cs1">Sameth, Mark (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ozzpDwAAQBAJ&q=%22The+Name:+A+History+of+the+Dual-Gendered+Hebrew+Name+for+God%22"><i>The Name: A History of the Dual-Gendered Hebrew Name for God</i></a>. Wipf and Stock. p. 25. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-5326-9384-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-5326-9384-7"><bdi>978-1-5326-9384-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Name%3A+A+History+of+the+Dual-Gendered+Hebrew+Name+for+God&rft.pages=25&rft.pub=Wipf+and+Stock&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-1-5326-9384-7&rft.aulast=Sameth&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DozzpDwAAQBAJ%26q%3D%2522The%2BName%3A%2BA%2BHistory%2Bof%2Bthe%2BDual-Gendered%2BHebrew%2BName%2Bfor%2BGod%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANames+of+God" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilkinson2015" class="citation book cs1">Wilkinson, Robert (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1xyoBgAAQBAJ&dq=%22earlier+form+1551;+final+state+1566%22&pg=PA337"><i>Tetragrammaton: Western Christians and the Hebrew Name of God</i></a>. Boston: Brill. p. 337. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789004288171" title="Special:BookSources/9789004288171"><bdi>9789004288171</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tetragrammaton%3A+Western+Christians+and+the+Hebrew+Name+of+God&rft.place=Boston&rft.pages=337&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=9789004288171&rft.aulast=Wilkinson&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1xyoBgAAQBAJ%26dq%3D%2522earlier%2Bform%2B1551%3B%2Bfinal%2Bstate%2B1566%2522%26pg%3DPA337&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANames+of+God" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPostel1969" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Postel, Guillaume (1969). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EmkytAEACAAJ"><i>Le thrésor des prophéties de l'univers</i></a> (in French). Springer. p. 211. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789024702039" title="Special:BookSources/9789024702039"><bdi>9789024702039</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Le+thr%C3%A9sor+des+proph%C3%A9ties+de+l%27univers&rft.pages=211&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=1969&rft.isbn=9789024702039&rft.aulast=Postel&rft.aufirst=Guillaume&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEmkytAEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANames+of+God" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLanci1845" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Lanci, Michelangelo (1845). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-q4WAAAAQAAJ&dq=Paralipomeni+Alla+Illustrazione+Della+Sagra+Scrittura&pg=PR15"><i>Paralipomeni alla illustrazione della sagra Scrittura</i></a> (in Italian) (Facsmile of the first ed.). Dondey-Dupre. pp. 100–113. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1274016911" title="Special:BookSources/978-1274016911"><bdi>978-1274016911</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Paralipomeni+alla+illustrazione+della+sagra+Scrittura&rft.pages=100-113&rft.edition=Facsmile+of+the+first&rft.pub=Dondey-Dupre&rft.date=1845&rft.isbn=978-1274016911&rft.aulast=Lanci&rft.aufirst=Michelangelo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-q4WAAAAQAAJ%26dq%3DParalipomeni%2BAlla%2BIllustrazione%2BDella%2BSagra%2BScrittura%26pg%3DPR15&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANames+of+God" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Parke-Taylor2006-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Parke-Taylor2006_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Parke-Taylor2006_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParke-Taylor2006" class="citation book cs1">Parke-Taylor, G. H. (1 January 2006). <i>Yahweh: The Divine Name in the Bible</i>. <a href="/wiki/Wilfrid_Laurier_University_Press" title="Wilfrid Laurier University Press">Wilfrid Laurier University Press</a>. p. 4. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-88920-652-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-88920-652-6"><bdi>978-0-88920-652-6</bdi></a>. <q>The Old Testament contains various titles and surrogates for God, such as El Shaddai, El Elyon, Haqqadosh (The Holy One), and Adonai. In chapter three, consideration will be given to names ascribed to God in the patriarchal period. Gerhard von Rad reminds us that these names became secondary after the name YHWH had been known to Israel, for "these rudimentary names which derive from old traditions, and from the oldest of them, never had the function of extending the name so as to stand alongside the name Jahweh to serve as fuller forms of address; rather, they were occasionally made use of in place of the name Jahweh." In this respect YHWH stands in contrast to the principal deities of the Babylonians and the Egyptians. "Jahweh had only one name; Marduk had fifty with which his praises as victor over Tiamat were sung in hymns. Similarly, the Egyptian god Re is the god with many names.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Yahweh%3A+The+Divine+Name+in+the+Bible&rft.pages=4&rft.pub=Wilfrid+Laurier+University+Press&rft.date=2006-01-01&rft.isbn=978-0-88920-652-6&rft.aulast=Parke-Taylor&rft.aufirst=G.+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANames+of+God" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-USCCB2008-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-USCCB2008_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.usccb.org/prayer-and-worship/the-mass/frequently-asked-questions/the-name-of-god-in-the-liturgy.cfm">"The Name of God in the Liturgy"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Conference_of_Catholic_Bishops" title="United States Conference of Catholic Bishops">United States Conference of Catholic Bishops</a>. 2008. <q>The directive notes that 'in recent years the practice has crept in pronouncing pronouncing the God of Israel's proper name,' known as the holy or divine tetragrammaton, written with four consonants, YHWH, in the Hebrew alphabet. In order to vocalize it, it is necessary to introduce vowels that alter the written and spoken forms of the name (i.e. 'Yahweh' or 'Jehovah').</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Name+of+God+in+the+Liturgy&rft.pub=United+States+Conference+of+Catholic+Bishops&rft.date=2008&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usccb.org%2Fprayer-and-worship%2Fthe-mass%2Ffrequently-asked-questions%2Fthe-name-of-god-in-the-liturgy.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANames+of+God" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Loewen2020-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Loewen2020_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Loewen2020_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLoewen2020" class="citation book cs1">Loewen, Jacob A. (1 June 2020). <i>The Bible in Cross Cultural Perspective</i> (Revised ed.). William Carey Publishing. p. 182. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-64508-304-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-64508-304-7"><bdi>978-1-64508-304-7</bdi></a>. <q>Shorter forms of Yahweh: The name Yahweh also appears in a shortened form, transliterated Jah (pronounced Yah) in the Revised Version and the American Standard Version, either in the text or footnote: " my song is Jah " ( Ex 15:2); "by Jah, his name" (Ps 68:4); "I shall not see Jah in Jah's land (Is 38:11). It is common also in such often untranslated compounds as hallelujah 'praise Jah' (Ps 135:3; 146:10, 148:14), and in proper names like Elijah, 'my God is Jah,' Adonijah, 'my Lord is Jah,' Isaiah, 'Jah has saved.'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Bible+in+Cross+Cultural+Perspective&rft.pages=182&rft.edition=Revised&rft.pub=William+Carey+Publishing&rft.date=2020-06-01&rft.isbn=978-1-64508-304-7&rft.aulast=Loewen&rft.aufirst=Jacob+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANames+of+God" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Barrett2020-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Barrett2020_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarrett2020" class="citation book cs1">Barrett, Michael P. V. (20 September 2020). <i>The Gospel of Exodus: Misery, Deliverance, Gratitude</i>. Reformation Heritage Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-60178-804-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-60178-804-7"><bdi>978-1-60178-804-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Gospel+of+Exodus%3A+Misery%2C+Deliverance%2C+Gratitude&rft.pub=Reformation+Heritage+Books&rft.date=2020-09-20&rft.isbn=978-1-60178-804-7&rft.aulast=Barrett&rft.aufirst=Michael+P.+V.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANames+of+God" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WGPlaut-Jehovah-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WGPlaut-Jehovah_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"The <a href="/wiki/Masoretes" title="Masoretes">Masoretes</a> who vocalized the <a href="/wiki/Tanakh" class="mw-redirect" title="Tanakh">Hebrew text</a> took the <a href="/wiki/Vowel_pointed" class="mw-redirect" title="Vowel pointed">vowels</a> from the word Adonai (אֲדֹנָי) and put them with יהוה (together: יְהֹוָה) to remind the reader not to pronounce the name but to substitute Adonai. A Christian writer of the sixteenth century who was unaware of this substitution transcribed the word as he saw it, namely as <a href="/wiki/Jehovah" title="Jehovah">Jehovah</a>, and this error has since entered many Christian Bibles [5]. 5. Only rarely has the pronunciation Jehovah been given scholarly endorsement; one exception is J. Neubauer, <i>Bibelwissenschaftliche Irrungen</i> (Berlin: Louis Lamm, 1917), who bases his opinion on <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Talmud" title="Jerusalem Talmud">Jerusalem Talmud</a> San.. 10:1, describing the controversy between the Rabbanites and the Samaritans over the proniunciation. M. S. Enslin, <i>The Prophet from Nazareth</i> (New York: Schocken, 1968), p. 19, n. 7, calls the vocalization Jehovah an "orthoepic monstrosity."" <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPlaut1985" class="citation book cs1">Plaut, W. Gunther; Leviticus / Bernard J. Bamberger; Essays on ancient Near Eastern literature / commentaries by William W. Hallo (1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/torahtorahm00plau/page/425"><i>[Torah] = The Torah : a modern commentary</i></a> (4th ed.). New York: Union of Hebrew Congregations. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/torahtorahm00plau/page/425">425</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0807400556" title="Special:BookSources/0807400556"><bdi>0807400556</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%5BTorah%5D+%3D+The+Torah+%3A+a+modern+commentary&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=425&rft.edition=4th&rft.pub=Union+of+Hebrew+Congregations&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=0807400556&rft.aulast=Plaut&rft.aufirst=W.+Gunther%3B+Leviticus+%2F+Bernard+J.+Bamberger%3B+Essays+on+ancient+Near+Eastern+literature+%2F+commentaries+by+William+W.+Hallo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftorahtorahm00plau%2Fpage%2F425&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANames+of+God" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNASB1995" class="citation web cs1">NASB (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061207004013/http://www.bible-researcher.com/nasb-preface.html">"Preface to the New American Standard Bible"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/New_American_Standard_Bible" title="New American Standard Bible">New American Standard Bible</a> (Updated Edition)</i>. <a href="/wiki/Anaheim,_California" title="Anaheim, California">Anaheim, California</a>: Foundation Publications (for the <a href="/wiki/Lockman_Foundation" title="Lockman Foundation">Lockman Foundation</a>). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bible-researcher.com/nasb-preface.html">the original</a> on 2006-12-07. <q>There is yet another name which is particularly assigned to God as His special or proper name, that is, the four letters YHWH (Exodus 3:14 and Isaiah 42:8). This name has not been pronounced by the Jews because of reverence for the great sacredness of the divine name. Therefore, it has been consistently translated as LORD. The only exception to this translation of YHWH is when it occurs in immediate proximity to the word Lord, that is, Adonai. In that case it is regularly translated GOD in order to avoid confusion.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+American+Standard+Bible+%28Updated+Edition%29&rft.atitle=Preface+to+the+New+American+Standard+Bible&rft.date=1995&rft.au=NASB&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bible-researcher.com%2Fnasb-preface.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANames+of+God" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GreenMcKnightMarshall1992-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GreenMcKnightMarshall1992_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreenMcKnightMarshall1992" class="citation book cs1">Green, Joel B.; McKnight, Scot; Marshall, I. Howard (18 February 1992). <i>Dictionary of Jesus and the Gospels: A Compendium of Contemporary Biblical Scholarship</i>. InterVarsity Press. p. 271. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8308-1777-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8308-1777-1"><bdi>978-0-8308-1777-1</bdi></a>. <q>Many of the uses of <i>kyrios</i> for God are in citations of the OT and in expressions derived from the OT (e.g., "angel of the Lord"), and in these passages the term functions as the Greek translation of the Hebrew OT name for God, Yahweh. For example, twenty-five of the uses of <i>kyrios</i> for God in Luke are in the first two chapters, where the phrasing is so heavily influenced by the OT. The third frequently used term for God is "Father" (<i>patēr</i>), doubtless the most familiar term for God in Christian tradition and also perhaps the most theologically significant title for God in the NT. Unlike the other terms for God already mentioned--without exception in the Synoptics, and with only a few exceptions in John--"Father" as a title for God appears only in the sayings attributed to Jesus (the Johannine exceptions are in editorial remarks by the Evangelist in 1:14, 18, a saying of Philip in 14:8 and the crowd's claim in 8:41).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+Jesus+and+the+Gospels%3A+A+Compendium+of+Contemporary+Biblical+Scholarship&rft.pages=271&rft.pub=InterVarsity+Press&rft.date=1992-02-18&rft.isbn=978-0-8308-1777-1&rft.aulast=Green&rft.aufirst=Joel+B.&rft.au=McKnight%2C+Scot&rft.au=Marshall%2C+I.+Howard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANames+of+God" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Yeshua (<span title="Hebrew-language text"><span lang="he" dir="rtl">ישוע</span></span>, with vowel pointing <span title="Hebrew-language text"><span lang="he" dir="rtl">יֵשׁוּעַ</span></span> - <i>yēšūă‘</i> in Hebrew) <a href="/wiki/Strong%27s_Concordance" title="Strong's Concordance">Strong's</a> Yeshuwa</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIlan2002" class="citation book cs1">Ilan, Tal (2002). <i>Lexicon of Jewish Names in Late Antiquity Part I: Palestine 330 BCE-200 CE (Texte und Studien zum Antiken Judentum 91)</i>. Tübingen, Germany: J.C.B. Mohr. p. 129.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lexicon+of+Jewish+Names+in+Late+Antiquity+Part+I%3A+Palestine+330+BCE-200+CE+%28Texte+und+Studien+zum+Antiken+Judentum+91%29&rft.place=T%C3%BCbingen%2C+Germany&rft.pages=129&rft.pub=J.C.B.+Mohr&rft.date=2002&rft.aulast=Ilan&rft.aufirst=Tal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANames+of+God" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStern1992" class="citation book cs1">Stern, David (1992). <i>Jewish New Testament Commentary</i>. Clarksville, Maryland: Jewish New Testament Publications. pp. 4–5.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jewish+New+Testament+Commentary&rft.place=Clarksville%2C+Maryland&rft.pages=4-5&rft.pub=Jewish+New+Testament+Publications&rft.date=1992&rft.aulast=Stern&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANames+of+God" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Twelve_1916,_p._150-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Twelve_1916,_p._150_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">First Presidency and Council of the Twelve, 1916, "God the Father", compiled by Gordon Allred, p. 150</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Moroni_10:34-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Moroni_10:34_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Moroni 10:34</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Old Testament Institute Manual:Genesis to 2 Samuel—"Who is the God of the Old Testament?"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-churchofjesuschrist.org-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-churchofjesuschrist.org_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/scriptures/dc-testament/dc/76.12-24?lang=eng">"Doctrine and Covenants 76:12-24"</a>. <i>churchofjesuschrist.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=churchofjesuschrist.org&rft.atitle=Doctrine+and+Covenants+76%3A12-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.churchofjesuschrist.org%2Fstudy%2Fscriptures%2Fdc-testament%2Fdc%2F76.12-24%3Flang%3Deng&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANames+of+God" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-Day_Saints" class="citation web cs1">The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mormon.org/faq/father-in-heaven">"How can we come to know our Father in Heaven?"</a>. <i>Mormon.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mormon.org&rft.atitle=How+can+we+come+to+know+our+Father+in+Heaven%3F&rft.au=The+Church+of+Jesus+Christ+of+Latter-Day+Saints&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mormon.org%2Ffaq%2Ffather-in-heaven&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANames+of+God" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/scriptures/bofm/moro/10.34?lang=eng">"Moroni 10:34"</a>. <i>churchofjesuschrist.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=churchofjesuschrist.org&rft.atitle=Moroni+10%3A34&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.churchofjesuschrist.org%2Fstudy%2Fscriptures%2Fbofm%2Fmoro%2F10.34%3Flang%3Deng&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANames+of+God" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHolden,_A.2002" class="citation book cs1">Holden, A. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lancs.ac.uk/fass/sociology/papers/holden-cavorting-with-the-devil.pdf"><i>Cavorting With the Devil: Jehovah's Witnesses Who Abandon Their Faith</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Department of Sociology, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YL, UK. p. Endnote [i]<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-06-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cavorting+With+the+Devil%3A+Jehovah%27s+Witnesses+Who+Abandon+Their+Faith&rft.pages=Endnote+i&rft.pub=Department+of+Sociology%2C+Lancaster+University%2C+Lancaster+LA1+4YL%2C+UK&rft.date=2002&rft.au=Holden%2C+A.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lancs.ac.uk%2Ffass%2Fsociology%2Fpapers%2Fholden-cavorting-with-the-devil.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANames+of+God" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">"Appendix A4". <i>New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures</i>. p. 1735.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Appendix+A4&rft.btitle=New+World+Translation+of+the+Holy+Scriptures&rft.pages=1735&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANames+of+God" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jw.org/en/bible-teachings/questions/gods-name/">"Does God Have a Name?"</a>. <i>JW.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=JW.org&rft.atitle=Does+God+Have+a+Name%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jw.org%2Fen%2Fbible-teachings%2Fquestions%2Fgods-name%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANames+of+God" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jw.org/en/publications/magazines/wp20100701/knowing-gods-name-involves/">"What Knowing God's Name Involves"</a>. <i>JW.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=JW.org&rft.atitle=What+Knowing+God%27s+Name+Involves&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jw.org%2Fen%2Fpublications%2Fmagazines%2Fwp20100701%2Fknowing-gods-name-involves%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANames+of+God" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>What Does the Bible Really Teach?</i>. Watch Tower Society. 2005. p. 195.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=What+Does+the+Bible+Really+Teach%3F&rft.pages=195&rft.pub=Watch+Tower+Society&rft.date=2005&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANames+of+God" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Britannica-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Britannica_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Allah." <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a>. 2007. Encyclopædia Britannica</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEliot1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Eliot, Charles Norton Edgcumbe (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Turks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Turks">"Turks" </a></span>. In <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a> (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 27 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 472.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Turks&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=472&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rft.aulast=Eliot&rft.aufirst=Charles+Norton+Edgcumbe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANames+of+God" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdamson,_Hugh_C.2007" class="citation book cs1">Adamson, Hugh C. (2007). <i>Historical dictionary of the Bahá'í Faith</i>. Metuchen, N.J: Scarecrow Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-5096-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-5096-5"><bdi>978-0-8108-5096-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+dictionary+of+the+Bah%C3%A1%27%C3%AD+Faith&rft.place=Metuchen%2C+N.J&rft.pub=Scarecrow+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-8108-5096-5&rft.au=Adamson%2C+Hugh+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANames+of+God" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-smith_gn-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-smith_gn_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2000" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Smith, Peter (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/conciseencyclope0000smit/page/167">"greatest name"</a>. <i>A concise encyclopedia of the Bahá'í Faith</i>. Oxford: Oneworld Publications. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/conciseencyclope0000smit/page/167">167–168</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85168-184-1" title="Special:BookSources/1-85168-184-1"><bdi>1-85168-184-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=greatest+name&rft.btitle=A+concise+encyclopedia+of+the+Bah%C3%A1%27%C3%AD+Faith&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=167-168&rft.pub=Oneworld+Publications&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=1-85168-184-1&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fconciseencyclope0000smit%2Fpage%2F167&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANames+of+God" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcLeanLee1997" class="citation book cs1">McLean, Jack; Lee, Anthony A. (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HWq67XexIHcC"><i>Revisioning the Sacred: New Perspectives on a Bahá'í Theology</i></a>. Kalimat Press. p. 66. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-933770-96-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-933770-96-0"><bdi>0-933770-96-0</bdi></a> – via <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Revisioning+the+Sacred%3A+New+Perspectives+on+a+Bah%C3%A1%27%C3%AD+Theology&rft.pages=66&rft.pub=Kalimat+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=0-933770-96-0&rft.aulast=McLean&rft.aufirst=Jack&rft.au=Lee%2C+Anthony+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHWq67XexIHcC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANames+of+God" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nashmi-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Nashmi_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNashmi2013" class="citation cs2">Nashmi, Yuhana (24 April 2013), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mandaeanunion.com/history-english/item/488-mandaean-faith">"Contemporary Issues for the Mandaean Faith"</a>, <i>Mandaean Associations Union</i><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 October</span> 2021</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mandaean+Associations+Union&rft.atitle=Contemporary+Issues+for+the+Mandaean+Faith&rft.date=2013-04-24&rft.aulast=Nashmi&rft.aufirst=Yuhana&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mandaeanunion.com%2Fhistory-english%2Fitem%2F488-mandaean-faith&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANames+of+God" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rudolf, K. (1978). Mandaeism. Leiden: Brill.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Frajzyngier_Shay_2012_p.-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Frajzyngier_Shay_2012_p._47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrajzyngierShay2012" class="citation book cs1">Frajzyngier, Zygmunt; Shay, Erin (2012-05-31). <i>The Afroasiatic Languages</i>. Cambridge New York: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-86533-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-86533-3"><bdi>978-0-521-86533-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Afroasiatic+Languages&rft.place=Cambridge+New+York&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2012-05-31&rft.isbn=978-0-521-86533-3&rft.aulast=Frajzyngier&rft.aufirst=Zygmunt&rft.au=Shay%2C+Erin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANames+of+God" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Smith_2003_p._108-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Smith_2003_p._108_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2003" class="citation book cs1">Smith, Mark S. (2003-11-06). <i>The Origins of Biblical Monotheism</i>. Oxford: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-516768-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-516768-6"><bdi>0-19-516768-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Origins+of+Biblical+Monotheism&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2003-11-06&rft.isbn=0-19-516768-6&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Mark+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANames+of+God" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rahmouni_2007_v341-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Rahmouni_2007_v341_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRahmouni2007" class="citation book cs1">Rahmouni, Aicha (2007-11-27). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://brill.com/display/title/13802"><i>Divine Epithets in the Ugaritic Alphabetic Texts</i></a>. Brill. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789047423003" title="Special:BookSources/9789047423003"><bdi>9789047423003</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-12-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Divine+Epithets+in+the+Ugaritic+Alphabetic+Texts&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2007-11-27&rft.isbn=9789047423003&rft.aulast=Rahmouni&rft.aufirst=Aicha&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbrill.com%2Fdisplay%2Ftitle%2F13802&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANames+of+God" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Locative epithet 10 in Rahmouni, p 33. <a href="/wiki/Tell_Ashtara" title="Tell Ashtara">Tell Ashtara</a> or Ashteroth karnaim. Parallel with "The god who judges / rules in Hidra`yu.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rahmoui Pg xxvi</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Religion_and_Literature_of_Ancient_Palestine_2015_a281-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Religion_and_Literature_of_Ancient_Palestine_2015_a281_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.religionofancientpalestine.com/?page_id=230">"A New Analysis of YHWH's asherah"</a>. <i>Religion and Literature of Ancient Palestine</i>. 2015-12-13<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-01-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Religion+and+Literature+of+Ancient+Palestine&rft.atitle=A+New+Analysis+of+YHWH%27s+asherah&rft.date=2015-12-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.religionofancientpalestine.com%2F%3Fpage_id%3D230&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANames+of+God" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Harris, Geraldine (1981). <i>Gods & Pharaohs from Egyptian Mythology.</i> London, England: Eurobook Limited. pp. 24–25. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87226-907-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-87226-907-8">0-87226-907-8</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Steiner_2001_pp._259–268-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Steiner_2001_pp._259–268_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSteiner2001" class="citation journal cs1">Steiner, Richard C. (2001). "The Scorpion Spell from Wadi Hammamat: Another Aramaic Text in Demotic Script". <i>Journal of Near Eastern Studies</i>. <b>60</b> (4): 259–268. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F468948">10.1086/468948</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0022-2968">0022-2968</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Near+Eastern+Studies&rft.atitle=The+Scorpion+Spell+from+Wadi+Hammamat%3A+Another+Aramaic+Text+in+Demotic+Script&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=259-268&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F468948&rft.issn=0022-2968&rft.aulast=Steiner&rft.aufirst=Richard+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANames+of+God" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pashaura Singh (2014), in The Oxford Handbook of Sikh Studies (Editors: Pashaura Singh, Louis E. Fenech), Oxford University Press, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0199699308" title="Special:BookSources/978-0199699308">978-0199699308</a>, page 228</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Guru Granth Sahib</i> p. 358</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Birgül-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Birgül_57-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAçikyildiz2014" class="citation book cs1">Açikyildiz, Birgül (2014-12-23). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ql4BAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA71"><i>The Yezidis: The History of a Community, Culture and Religion</i></a>. I.B.Tauris. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780857720610" title="Special:BookSources/9780857720610"><bdi>9780857720610</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Yezidis%3A+The+History+of+a+Community%2C+Culture+and+Religion&rft.pub=I.B.Tauris&rft.date=2014-12-23&rft.isbn=9780857720610&rft.aulast=A%C3%A7ikyildiz&rft.aufirst=Birg%C3%BCl&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dql4BAwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA71&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANames+of+God" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKartal2016" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Kartal, Celalettin (2016-06-22). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=45N4DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA76"><i>Deutsche Yeziden: Geschichte, Gegenwart, Prognosen</i></a> (in German). Tectum Wissenschaftsverlag. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783828864887" title="Special:BookSources/9783828864887"><bdi>9783828864887</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Deutsche+Yeziden%3A+Geschichte%2C+Gegenwart%2C+Prognosen&rft.pub=Tectum+Wissenschaftsverlag&rft.date=2016-06-22&rft.isbn=9783828864887&rft.aulast=Kartal&rft.aufirst=Celalettin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D45N4DwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA76&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANames+of+God" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Antonio Panaino, <i>The lists of names of Ahura Mazdā (Yašt I) and Vayu (Yašt XV)</i>, 2002, p. 20.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Asante2009p270-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Asante2009p270_60-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMolefi_Kete_AsanteAma_Mazama2009" class="citation book cs1">Molefi Kete Asante; Ama Mazama (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=B667ATiedQkC"><i>Encyclopedia of African Religion</i></a>. SAGE Publications. pp. 270–273. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4129-3636-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4129-3636-1"><bdi>978-1-4129-3636-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+African+Religion&rft.pages=270-273&rft.pub=SAGE+Publications&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-4129-3636-1&rft.au=Molefi+Kete+Asante&rft.au=Ama+Mazama&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DB667ATiedQkC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANames+of+God" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_61-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_61-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDAYO2016" class="citation web cs1">DAYO, CHIEF (February 14, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://arabaifatemple.org/yoruba-believe-in-only-one-god-called-olodumare/">"YORUBA BELIEVE IN ONLY ONE GOD CALLED OLODUMARE"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=YORUBA+BELIEVE+IN+ONLY+ONE+GOD+CALLED+OLODUMARE.&rft.date=2016-02-14&rft.aulast=DAYO&rft.aufirst=CHIEF&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farabaifatemple.org%2Fyoruba-believe-in-only-one-god-called-olodumare%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANames+of+God" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:2_62-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bewaji, John (1998). "Olodumare: God in Yoruba Belief and the Theistic Problem of Evil" (PDF). <i>African Studies Quarterly</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLeemingLeeming2009">Leeming & Leeming 2009</a><span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> harvnb error: no target: CITEREFLeemingLeeming2009 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>)</span> - entry <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxfordreference.com/views/ENTRY.html?subview=Main&entry=t279.e327">"Zulu Creation"</a>. Retrieved 2010-04-30.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Names_of_God&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrichto,_Herbert_Chanan1998" class="citation book cs1">Brichto, Herbert Chanan (1998). <i>The names of God: poetic readings in biblical beginnings</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-510965-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-510965-1"><bdi>0-19-510965-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+names+of+God%3A+poetic+readings+in+biblical+beginnings&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0-19-510965-1&rft.au=Brichto%2C+Herbert+Chanan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANames+of+God" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMbiti,_John_S.1990" class="citation book cs1">Mbiti, John S. (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/africanreligions00mbit/page/34"><i>African religions & philosophy</i></a>. London: Heinemann. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/africanreligions00mbit/page/34">34–36</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-435-89591-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-435-89591-5"><bdi>0-435-89591-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=African+religions+%26+philosophy&rft.place=London&rft.pages=34-36&rft.pub=Heinemann&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=0-435-89591-5&rft.au=Mbiti%2C+John+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fafricanreligions00mbit%2Fpage%2F34&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANames+of+God" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParrinder,_Geoffrey1975" class="citation book cs1">Parrinder, Geoffrey (1975). <i>Comparative religion</i>. Westport, Conn: Greenwood Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8371-7301-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-8371-7301-9"><bdi>0-8371-7301-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Comparative+religion&rft.place=Westport%2C+Conn&rft.pub=Greenwood+Press&rft.date=1975&rft.isbn=0-8371-7301-9&rft.au=Parrinder%2C+Geoffrey&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANames+of+God" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalter_Henry_Medhurst1848" class="citation book cs1">Walter Henry Medhurst (1848). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-OLyf0jnM00C"><i>An inquiry into the proper mode of rendering the word God in translating the Sacred Scriptures into the Chinese language</i></a>. Mission Press. p. 170.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+inquiry+into+the+proper+mode+of+rendering+the+word+God+in+translating+the+Sacred+Scriptures+into+the+Chinese+language&rft.pages=170&rft.pub=Mission+Press&rft.date=1848&rft.au=Walter+Henry+Medhurst&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-OLyf0jnM00C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANames+of+God" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEdward_Washburn_Hopkins1918" class="citation book cs1">Edward Washburn Hopkins (1918). <i>History of Religions</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-4366-7119-1" title="Special:BookSources/1-4366-7119-1"><bdi>1-4366-7119-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+Religions&rft.date=1918&rft.isbn=1-4366-7119-1&rft.au=Edward+Washburn+Hopkins&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANames+of+God" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFvan_der_Toorn1995" class="citation book cs1">van der Toorn, Karel (1995). <i>Dictionary of Deities and Demons in the Bible</i>. New York: E.J. Brill. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8028-2491-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-8028-2491-9"><bdi>0-8028-2491-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+Deities+and+Demons+in+the+Bible&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=E.J.+Brill&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=0-8028-2491-9&rft.aulast=van+der+Toorn&rft.aufirst=Karel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANames+of+God" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Names_of_God&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output 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(Yahweh)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://matt.casaviva.org/2009/01/biblical-names-of-god.html">Judeo Christian Biblical Names of God</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged February 2019">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.meherbabatheavatar.org/names.htm">The 101 Names of God</a> given by <a href="/wiki/Meher_Baba" title="Meher Baba">Meher Baba</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em 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aria-labelledby="Names_of_God" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Names_of_God" title="Template:Names of God"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Names_of_God" title="Template talk:Names of God"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Names_of_God" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Names of God"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Names_of_God" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Names of God</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sahasranama" title="Sahasranama">In Hinduism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/101_Names_of_God" class="mw-redirect" title="101 Names of God">In Zoroastrianism</a></li> <li>Abrahamic <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_names_for_the_God_of_Abrahamic_religions" title="Chinese names for the God of Abrahamic religions">In Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Names_of_God_in_Christianity" title="Names of God in Christianity">In Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Names_of_God_in_Judaism" title="Names of God in Judaism">In Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Names_of_God_in_Islam" title="Names of God in Islam">In Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hayyi_Rabbi#Names" title="Hayyi Rabbi">In Mandaeism</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adon" title="Adon">Adonai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahura_Mazda" title="Ahura Mazda">Ahura Mazda</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khuda" title="Khuda">Khuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parvardigar" title="Parvardigar">Parvardigar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allah" title="Allah">Allah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amun" title="Amun">Amun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aten" title="Aten">Aten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atum" title="Atum">Atum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bathala" title="Bathala">Bathala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahman" title="Brahman">Brahman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhagavan" title="Bhagavan">Bhagavan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mahadevi" title="Mahadevi">Mahadevi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tridevi" title="Tridevi">Tridevi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saraswati" title="Saraswati">Saraswati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakshmi" title="Lakshmi">Lakshmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parvati" title="Parvati">Parvati</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kali" title="Kali">Kali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durga" title="Durga">Durga</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deva_(Hinduism)" title="Deva (Hinduism)">Deva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trimurti" title="Trimurti">Trimurti</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brahma" title="Brahma">Brahma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishnu" title="Vishnu">Vishnu</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rama" title="Rama">Rama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishna" title="Krishna">Krishna</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiva" title="Shiva">Shiva</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiranyagarbha" title="Hiranyagarbha">Hiranyagarbha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ishvara" title="Ishvara">Ishvara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Om" title="Om">Om</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasadiya_Sukta" title="Nasadiya Sukta">Tad Ekam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purusha" title="Purusha">Purusha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Svayam_Bhagavan" title="Svayam Bhagavan">Svayam Bhagavan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cao_%C4%90%C3%A0i" class="mw-redirect" title="Cao Đài">Cao Đài</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chukwu" title="Chukwu">Chukwu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deus" title="Deus">Deus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devla" title="Devla">Devla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ein_Sof" title="Ein Sof">Ein Sof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_(deity)" title="El (deity)">El</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elohim" title="Elohim">Elohim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elyon" title="Elyon">El Elyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Shaddai" title="El Shaddai">El Shaddai</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God" title="God">God</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/God_the_Father" title="God the Father">God the Father</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God_the_Son" title="God the Son">God the Son</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Spirit_in_Christianity" title="Holy Spirit in Christianity">God the Holy Spirit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Spirit" title="Great Spirit">Great Spirit</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manitou" title="Manitou">Manitou</a>/<a href="/wiki/Gitche_Manitou" title="Gitche Manitou">Gitche Manitou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wakan_Tanka" title="Wakan Tanka">Wakan Tanka</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haneunim" title="Haneunim">Haneunim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hayyi_Rabbi" title="Hayyi Rabbi">Hayyi Rabbi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Spirit" title="Holy Spirit">Holy Spirit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huwa" title="Huwa">Huwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyang" title="Hyang">Hyang</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acintya" title="Acintya">Acintya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanghyang_Adi_Buddha" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanghyang Adi Buddha">Sanghyang Adi Buddha</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypsistos" class="mw-redirect" title="Hypsistos">Hypsistos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I_Am_that_I_Am" title="I Am that I Am">I Am that I Am</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jahbulon" title="Jahbulon">Jahbulon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_SubGenius" title="Church of the SubGenius">Jehovah 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kami" title="Kami">Kami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mawu" title="Mawu">Mawu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulungu" title="Mulungu">Mulungu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngai" title="Ngai">Ngai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyame" class="mw-redirect" title="Nyame">Nyame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nzambi_a_Mpungu" title="Nzambi a Mpungu">Nzambi a Mpungu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olodumare" class="mw-redirect" title="Olodumare">Olodumare</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E1%BB%8Cl%E1%BB%8Drun" title="Ọlọrun">Ọlọrun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olofi" class="mw-redirect" title="Olofi">Olofi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osanobua" title="Osanobua">Osanobua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shen_(Chinese_religion)" title="Shen (Chinese religion)">Shen</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shangdi" title="Shangdi">Shangdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tian" title="Tian">Tian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tianzhu_(Chinese_name_of_God)" title="Tianzhu (Chinese name of God)">Tianzhu</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sol_Invictus" title="Sol Invictus">Sol Invictus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elagabalus_(deity)" title="Elagabalus (deity)">Elagabalus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenri-%C5%8C-no-Mikoto" class="mw-redirect" title="Tenri-Ō-no-Mikoto">Tenri-Ō-no-Mikoto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plotinus" title="Plotinus">The One</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umvelinqangi" title="Umvelinqangi">Umvelinqangi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unkulunkulu" title="Unkulunkulu">Unkulunkulu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waheguru" title="Waheguru">Waheguru</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ik_Onkar" title="Ik Onkar">Ik Onkar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetragrammaton" title="Tetragrammaton">YHWH</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jehovah" title="Jehovah">Jehovah</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jah" title="Jah">Jah</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahweh" title="Yahweh">Yahweh</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Religion" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Religion_topics" title="Template:Religion topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Religion_topics" title="Template talk:Religion topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Religion_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Religion topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Religion" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Religion" title="Religion">Religion</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Religious_groups_and_denominations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_religions_and_spiritual_traditions" title="List of religions and spiritual traditions">Religious groups and denominations</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Western_religions" title="Western religions">Western</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Abrahamic_religions" title="Abrahamic religions">Abrahamic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Judaism" title="Orthodox Judaism">Orthodox</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haredi_Judaism" title="Haredi Judaism">Haredi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hasidic_Judaism" title="Hasidic Judaism">Hasidic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_Orthodox_Judaism" title="Modern Orthodox Judaism">Modern</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religious_Zionism" title="Religious Zionism">Zionist</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Judaism" title="Conservative Judaism">Conservative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reform_Judaism" title="Reform Judaism">Reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karaite_Judaism" title="Karaite Judaism">Karaite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haymanot" title="Haymanot">Haymanot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reconstructionist_Judaism" title="Reconstructionist Judaism">Reconstructionist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Renewal" title="Jewish Renewal">Renewal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanistic_Judaism" title="Humanistic Judaism">Humanistic</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jewish_religious_movements" title="Jewish religious movements">list</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholicism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latin_Church" title="Latin Church">Latin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_Churches" title="Eastern Catholic Churches">Eastern</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy" title="Eastern Orthodoxy">Eastern Orthodoxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oriental_Orthodoxy" class="mw-redirect" title="Oriental Orthodoxy">Oriental Orthodoxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nestorianism" title="Nestorianism">Nestorianism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Church_of_the_East" title="Ancient Church of the East">Ancient</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_Church_of_the_East" title="Assyrian Church of the East">Assyrian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Protestantism" title="Proto-Protestantism">Proto-Protestantism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hussites" title="Hussites">Hussites</a>/<a href="/wiki/Moravian_Church" title="Moravian Church">Moravians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waldensians" title="Waldensians">Waldensians</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestantism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adventism" title="Adventism">Adventism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anabaptism" title="Anabaptism">Anabaptism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amish" title="Amish">Amish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schwarzenau_Brethren" title="Schwarzenau Brethren">Brethren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hutterites" title="Hutterites">Hutterites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mennonites" title="Mennonites">Mennonites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schwenkfelder_Church" title="Schwenkfelder Church">Schwenkfelder Church</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglicanism" title="Anglicanism">Anglicanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baptists" title="Baptists">Baptists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calvinism" class="mw-redirect" title="Calvinism">Calvinism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Congregational_church" class="mw-redirect" title="Congregational church">Congregationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presbyterianism" title="Presbyterianism">Presbyterianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Reformed_Protestantism" title="Continental Reformed Protestantism">Reformed</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charismatic_Christianity" title="Charismatic Christianity">Charismatic Christianity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pentecostalism" title="Pentecostalism">Pentecostal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charismatic_movement" title="Charismatic movement">Charismatic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-charismatic_movement" title="Neo-charismatic movement">Neo-charismatic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelicalism" title="Evangelicalism">Evangelicalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Apostolic_Church" title="Catholic Apostolic Church">Irvingism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lutheranism" title="Lutheranism">Lutheran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methodism" title="Methodism">Methodist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holiness_movement" title="Holiness movement">Holiness</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nondenominational_Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="Nondenominational Christianity">Nondenominational</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plymouth_Brethren" title="Plymouth Brethren">Plymouth Brethren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quakers" title="Quakers">Quakerism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Restoration_Movement" title="Restoration Movement">Restorationism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esoteric_Christianity" title="Esoteric Christianity">Esoteric</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Christian_Community" title="The Christian Community">The Christian Community</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Catholicism" title="Independent Catholicism">Independent Catholicism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Catholic_Church" title="Old Catholic Church">Old Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judaizers" title="Judaizers">Judaizers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nontrinitarianism" title="Nontrinitarianism">Nontrinitarianism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bible_Student_movement" title="Bible Student movement">Bible Students</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bible_Student_movement#Associated_Bible_Students" title="Bible Student movement">Associated Bible Students</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Bible_Students" title="Free Bible Students">Free Bible Students</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friends_of_Man" title="Friends of Man">Friends of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses" title="Jehovah's Witnesses">Jehovah's Witnesses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo#Kitawala" title="Religion in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Kitawala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laymen%27s_Home_Missionary_Movement" title="Laymen's Home Missionary Movement">Laymen's Home Missionary Movement</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christadelphians" title="Christadelphians">Christadelphians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mormonism" title="Mormonism">Mormonism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oneness_Pentecostalism" title="Oneness Pentecostalism">Oneness Pentecostalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spiritual_Christianity" title="Spiritual Christianity">Spiritual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_New_Church_(Swedenborgian)" title="The New Church (Swedenborgian)">Swedenborgianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolstoyan_movement" title="Tolstoyan movement">Tolstoyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unitarianism" title="Unitarianism">Unitarianism</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_Christian_denominations" title="List of Christian denominations">list</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunnism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ash%27arism" title="Ash'arism">Ash'arism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maturidism" title="Maturidism">Maturidism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atharism" title="Atharism">Atharism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salafi_movement" title="Salafi movement">Salafism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wahhabism" title="Wahhabism">Wahhabism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_modernism" title="Islamic modernism">Modernist Salafism</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shia_Islam" title="Shia Islam">Shi'ism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alawites" title="Alawites">Alawism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali-Illahism" title="Ali-Illahism">Ali-Illahism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isma%27ilism" title="Isma'ilism">Isma'ilism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twelver_Shi%27ism" title="Twelver Shi'ism">Twelver Shi'ism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaydism" title="Zaydism">Zaydism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sufism" title="Sufism">Sufism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kharijites" title="Kharijites">Khawarij</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ibadi_Islam" title="Ibadi Islam">Ibadism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alevism" title="Alevism">Alevism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ishikism" title="Ishikism">Ishikism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_Alevism" title="Kurdish Alevism">Kurdish Alevism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya" title="Ahmadiyya">Ahmadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahdawi_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahdawi movement">Mahdavism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quranism" title="Quranism">Quranism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milah_Abraham" title="Milah Abraham">Milah Abraham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-denominational_Muslim" title="Non-denominational Muslim">Non-denominational</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Islamic_schools_and_branches" title="Islamic schools and branches">list</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A1bism" title="Bábism">Bábism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azali" title="Azali">Azalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith" title="Baháʼí Faith">Baháʼí</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Druze" title="Druze">Druze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandaeism" title="Mandaeism">Mandaeism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rastafari" title="Rastafari">Rastafari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samaritanism" title="Samaritanism">Samaritanism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Iranian_religions" title="Iranian religions">Iranian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Zoroastrian" class="mw-redirect" title="Zoroastrian">Zoroastrian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianism_in_Russia" title="Zoroastrianism in Russia">Blagovery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilm-e-Khshnoom" title="Ilm-e-Khshnoom">Ilm-e-Khshnoom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazdaznan" title="Mazdaznan">Mazdaznan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zurvanism" title="Zurvanism">Zurvanism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Kurdish</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shabakism" class="mw-redirect" title="Shabakism">Shabakism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yarsanism" title="Yarsanism">Yarsanism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assianism" title="Assianism">Assianism/Uatsdin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roshani_movement" title="Roshani movement">Roshani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manichaeism" title="Manichaeism">Manichaeism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Manichaeism" title="Chinese Manichaeism">Chinese Manichaeism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yazd%C3%A2nism" title="Yazdânism">Yazdânism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yazidism" title="Yazidism">Yazidism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_religions" title="Eastern religions">Eastern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_religions" title="East Asian religions">East Asian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_China" title="Religion in China">Chinese</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_folk_religion" title="Chinese folk religion">Chinese folk religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confucianism" title="Confucianism">Confucianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luo_teaching" title="Luo teaching">Luoism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuo_folk_religion" title="Nuo folk religion">Nuo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_salvationist_religions" title="Chinese salvationist religions">Salvationist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xiantiandao" title="Xiantiandao">Xiantiandao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yiguandao" title="Yiguandao">Yiguandao</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taoism" title="Taoism">Taoism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_ritual_mastery_traditions" title="Chinese ritual mastery traditions">Folk Taoism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yao_folk_religion" title="Yao folk religion">Yao Taoism</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Japan" title="Religion in Japan">Japonic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shinto" title="Shinto">Shinto</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Shinto_sects_and_schools" title="Shinto sects and schools">list</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shugend%C5%8D" title="Shugendō">Shugendō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenrikyo" title="Tenrikyo">Tenrikyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryukyuan_religion" title="Ryukyuan religion">Ryukyuan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Korea" title="Religion in Korea">Korean</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Korean_shamanism" title="Korean shamanism">Korean shamanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheondoism" title="Cheondoism">Cheondoism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeung_San_Do" title="Jeung San Do">Jeungsanism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Vietnam" title="Religion in Vietnam">Vietnamese</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_folk_religion" title="Vietnamese folk religion">Vietnamese folk religion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%A1o_M%E1%BA%ABu" title="Đạo Mẫu">Đạo Mẫu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caodaism" title="Caodaism">Caodaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B2a_H%E1%BA%A3o" title="Hòa Hảo">Hoahaoism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%A1o_B%E1%BB%ADu_S%C6%A1n_K%E1%BB%B3_H%C6%B0%C6%A1ng" title="Đạo Bửu Sơn Kỳ Hương">Đạo Bửu Sơn Kỳ Hương</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Indian_religions" title="Indian religions">Indian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vaishnavism" title="Vaishnavism">Vaishnavism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Krishnaism" title="Krishnaism">Krishnaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Vaishnavism" title="Sri Vaishnavism">Sri Vaishnavism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahma_Sampradaya" title="Brahma Sampradaya">Brahma Sampradaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nimbarka_Sampradaya" title="Nimbarka Sampradaya">Nimbarka Sampradaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pushtimarg" class="mw-redirect" title="Pushtimarg">Pushtimarg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahanubhava" title="Mahanubhava">Mahanubhava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramanandi_Sampradaya" title="Ramanandi Sampradaya">Ramanandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warkari" title="Warkari">Warkari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swaminarayan_Sampradaya" title="Swaminarayan Sampradaya">Swaminarayan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaivism" title="Shaivism">Shaivism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shaiva_Siddhanta" title="Shaiva Siddhanta">Shaiva Siddhanta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganapatya" title="Ganapatya">Ganapatya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashmir_Shaivism" title="Kashmir Shaivism">Kashmiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapalika" title="Kapalika">Kapalika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaumaram" title="Kaumaram">Kaumaram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingayatism" title="Lingayatism">Lingayatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nath" class="mw-redirect" title="Nath">Nath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balinese_Hinduism" title="Balinese Hinduism">Balinese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaktism" title="Shaktism">Shaktism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smarta_tradition" title="Smarta tradition">Smartism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saura_(Hinduism)" title="Saura (Hinduism)">Sauraism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Arauta" title="Śrauta">Śrauta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sant_Mat" title="Sant Mat">Sant Mat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_reform_movements" title="Hindu reform movements">Neo-Hinduism</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hindu_denominations" title="Hindu denominations">list</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theravada" title="Theravada">Theravada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahayana" title="Mahayana">Mahayana</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chan_Buddhism" title="Chan Buddhism">Chan</a>/<a href="/wiki/Zen" title="Zen">Zen</a>/<a href="/wiki/Thi%E1%BB%81n" title="Thiền">Thiền</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pure_Land_Buddhism" title="Pure Land Buddhism">Amidism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nichiren_Buddhism" title="Nichiren Buddhism">Nichiren</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vajrayana" title="Vajrayana">Vajrayana</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Buddhism" title="Tibetan Buddhism">Tibetan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_modernism" title="Buddhist modernism">Neo-Buddhism</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Schools_of_Buddhism" title="Schools of Buddhism">list</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ayyavazhi" title="Ayyavazhi">Ayyavazhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalash_people#Religion" title="Kalash people">Kalash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jainism" title="Jainism">Jainism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digambara" title="Digambara">Digambara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Avet%C4%81mbara" title="Śvetāmbara">Śvetāmbara</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarnaism" title="Sarnaism">Sarnaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirat_Mundhum" title="Kirat Mundhum">Kirat Mundhum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vedda#Religion" title="Vedda">Vedda religions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravidassia" title="Ravidassia">Ravidassia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism" title="Sikhism">Sikhism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khalsa" title="Khalsa">Khalsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sects_of_Sikhism" title="Sects of Sikhism">Sects</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_religion" title="Ethnic religion">Ethnic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Altaic_languages" title="Altaic languages">Altaic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turkic_mythology" title="Turkic mythology">Turko</a>-<a href="/wiki/Mongolian_shamanism" title="Mongolian shamanism">Mongolic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Burkhanism" title="Burkhanism">Burkhanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tengrism" title="Tengrism">Tengrism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vattisen_Yaly" title="Vattisen Yaly">Vattisen Yaly</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tungusic_creation_myth" title="Tungusic creation myth">Tungusic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evenks#Religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Evenks">Evenki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchu_shamanism" title="Manchu shamanism">Manchu</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Austroasiatic_languages" title="Austroasiatic languages">Austroasiatic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sarna_(place)" title="Sarna (place)">Sarnaism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Austronesian_languages" title="Austronesian languages">Austronesian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parmalim" title="Parmalim">Batak Parmalim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dayak_people#Religion_and_festivals" title="Dayak people">Dayak</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kaharingan" title="Kaharingan">Kaharingan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Sabahan_religions" title="Traditional Sabahan religions">Traditional Sabahan religions</a></li></ul></li> <li>Indonesian <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aliran_Kepercayaan" title="Aliran Kepercayaan">Aliran Kepercayaan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kejaw%C3%A8n" title="Kejawèn">Kejawèn</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapitayan" title="Kapitayan">Kapitayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pemena" title="Pemena">Karo Pemena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_folk_religion" title="Malaysian folk religion">Malaysian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_Philippine_folk_religions" title="Indigenous Philippine folk religions">Philippine Dayawism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_religious_beliefs_of_the_Tagalog_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Indigenous religious beliefs of the Tagalog people">Tagalog</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polynesian_mythology" title="Polynesian mythology">Polynesian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_religion" title="Hawaiian religion">Hawaiian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_of_M%C4%81ori_people" title="Religion of Māori people">Māori</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marapu" title="Marapu">Sumbese Marapu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunda_Wiwitan" title="Sunda Wiwitan">Sundanese Wiwitan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Native_American_religions" title="Native American religions">Native<br />American</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abenaki_mythology" title="Abenaki mythology">Abenaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alaska_Native_religion" title="Alaska Native religion">Alaskan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anishinaabe_traditional_beliefs" title="Anishinaabe traditional beliefs">Anishinaabe</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ojibwe#Spiritual_beliefs" title="Ojibwe">Ojibwe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midewiwin" title="Midewiwin">Midewiwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wabunowin" title="Wabunowin">Wabunowin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache#Religion" title="Apache">Apache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackfoot_mythology" title="Blackfoot mythology">Blackfoot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_narratives_of_Indigenous_Californians" title="Traditional narratives of Indigenous Californians">Californian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kuksu_(religion)" title="Kuksu (religion)">Kuksu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miwok_mythology" title="Miwok mythology">Miwok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohlone_mythology" title="Ohlone mythology">Ohlone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomo_religion" title="Pomo religion">Pomo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilote_mythology" title="Chilote mythology">Chilote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choctaw_mythology" title="Choctaw mythology">Choctaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crow_religion" title="Crow religion">Crow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghost_Dance" title="Ghost Dance">Ghost Dance</a>/<a href="/wiki/Sun_Dance" title="Sun Dance">Sun Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guarani_mythology" title="Guarani mythology">Guarani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haida_mythology" title="Haida mythology">Haida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ho-Chunk_mythology" title="Ho-Chunk mythology">Ho-Chunk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iroquois_mythology" title="Iroquois mythology">Iroquois</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cherokee_spiritual_beliefs" title="Cherokee spiritual beliefs">Cherokee</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Four_Mothers_Society" title="Four Mothers Society">Four Mothers Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keetoowah_Nighthawk_Society" title="Keetoowah Nighthawk Society">Keetoowah Society</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longhouse_Religion" title="Longhouse Religion">Longhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohawk_people#Religion" title="Mohawk people">Mohawk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creek_mythology" title="Creek mythology">Muscogee Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seneca_mythology" title="Seneca mythology">Seneca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wyandot_religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Wyandot religion">Wyandot</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jivaroan_peoples#Religion" title="Jivaroan peoples">Jivaroan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwakwaka%CA%BCwakw_mythology" title="Kwakwakaʼwakw mythology">Kwakwakaʼwakw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lenape_mythology" title="Lenape mythology">Lenape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mapuche_religion" title="Mapuche religion">Mapuche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesoamerican_religion" title="Mesoamerican religion">Mesoamerican</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aztec_religion" title="Aztec religion">Aztec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_religion" title="Maya religion">Maya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pur%C3%A9pecha_religion" title="Purépecha religion">Purépecha</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muisca_mythology" title="Muisca mythology">Muisca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_Church" title="Native American Church">Native American Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navajo#Spiritual_and_religious_beliefs" title="Navajo">Navajo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuu-chah-nulth_mythology" title="Nuu-chah-nulth mythology">Nuu-chah-nulth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pawnee_mythology" title="Pawnee mythology">Pawnee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pueblo_religion" title="Pueblo religion">Pueblo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acoma_Pueblo#Religion" title="Acoma Pueblo">Acoma Pueblo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hopi_mythology" title="Hopi mythology">Hopi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zuni_mythology" title="Zuni mythology">Zuni</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sioux#Religion" title="Sioux">Sioux</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lakota_religion" title="Lakota religion">Lakota</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wocekiye" title="Wocekiye">Wocekiye</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsimshian_mythology" title="Tsimshian mythology">Tsimshian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ute_mythology" title="Ute mythology">Ute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_religions#Washat_Dreamers_Religion" title="Native American religions">Washat Dreamers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaqui#Yaqui_cosmology_and_religion" title="Yaqui">Yaqui</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Tai_peoples" title="Tai peoples">Tai</a> and <a href="/wiki/Miao_people" title="Miao people">Miao</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahom_religion" title="Ahom religion">Ahom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miao_folk_religion" title="Miao folk religion">Hmongism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mo_(religion)" title="Mo (religion)">Mo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_folk_religion" title="Tai folk religion">Satsana Phi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Tibeto-Burman_languages" title="Tibeto-Burman languages">Tibeto-Burmese</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bon" title="Bon">Bon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burmese_folk_religion" title="Burmese folk religion">Burmese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benzhuism" title="Benzhuism">Benzhuism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bimoism" title="Bimoism">Bimoism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bathouism" title="Bathouism">Bathouism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mun_(religion)" title="Mun (religion)">Bongthingism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongba" title="Dongba">Dongba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donyi-Polo" title="Donyi-Polo">Donyi-Polo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heraka" class="mw-redirect" title="Heraka">Heraka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirat_Mundhum" title="Kirat Mundhum">Kiratism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiang_folk_religion" title="Qiang folk religion">Qiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanamahism" title="Sanamahism">Sanamahism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Traditional_African_religions" title="Traditional African religions">Traditional <br /> African</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">North African</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Berber_religion" title="Traditional Berber religion">Berber</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Guanche_People" title="Church of the Guanche People">Guanche church</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Africa" title="Religion in Africa">Sub-Saharan<br />African</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kamba_people" title="Kamba people">Akamba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akan_religion" title="Akan religion">Akan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baluba_mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Baluba mythology">Baluba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bantu_mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Bantu mythology">Bantu</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kongo_religion" title="Kongo religion">Kongo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zulu_traditional_religion" title="Zulu traditional religion">Zulu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bushongo_mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Bushongo mythology">Bushongo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinka_religion" title="Dinka religion">Dinka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dogon_religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Dogon religion">Dogon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Efik_mythology" title="Efik mythology">Efik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dahomean_religion" title="Dahomean religion">Fon and Ewe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ik_people" title="Ik people">Ik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotuko_mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Lotuko mythology">Lotuko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lozi_mythology" title="Lozi mythology">Lozi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lugbara_mythology" title="Lugbara mythology">Lugbara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maasai_mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Maasai mythology">Maasai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mbuti_mythology" title="Mbuti mythology">Mbuti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odinala" title="Odinala">Odinala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_religion" title="San religion">San</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serer_religion" title="Serer religion">Serer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tumbuka_mythology" title="Tumbuka mythology">Tumbuka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urhobo_people" title="Urhobo people">Urhobo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waaqeffanna" title="Waaqeffanna">Waaqeffanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoruba_religion" title="Yoruba religion">Yoruba</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/If%C3%A1" title="Ifá">Ifá</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/African_diaspora_religions" title="African diaspora religions">Diasporic</a>:</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Candombl%C3%A9" title="Candomblé">Candomblé</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Candombl%C3%A9_Bantu" title="Candomblé Bantu">Bantu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candombl%C3%A9_Jej%C3%A9" title="Candomblé Jejé">Jejé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candombl%C3%A9_Ketu" title="Candomblé Ketu">Ketu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comfa" title="Comfa">Comfa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convince" title="Convince">Convince</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Espiritismo" title="Espiritismo">Espiritismo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumina" title="Kumina">Kumina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obeah" title="Obeah">Obeah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palo_(religion)" title="Palo (religion)">Palo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quimbanda" title="Quimbanda">Quimbanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santer%C3%ADa" title="Santería">Santería</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tambor_de_Mina" title="Tambor de Mina">Tambor de Mina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinidad_Orisha" title="Trinidad Orisha">Trinidad Orisha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umbanda" title="Umbanda">Umbanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haitian_Vodou" title="Haitian Vodou">Vodou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Voodoo" title="Louisiana Voodoo">Voodoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winti" title="Winti">Winti</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Other ethnic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Aboriginal_religion_and_mythology" title="Australian Aboriginal religion and mythology">Aboriginal Australian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inuit_religion" title="Inuit religion">Inuit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papuan_mythology" title="Papuan mythology">Papuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shamanism_in_Siberia" title="Shamanism in Siberia">Siberian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/New_religious_movement" title="New religious movement">New<br /> religious<br /> movements</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Syncretic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianism_in_Russia" title="Zoroastrianism in Russia">Blagovery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahmoism" title="Brahmoism">Brahmoism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coconut_Religion" title="Coconut Religion">Coconut Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falun_Gong" title="Falun Gong">Falun Gong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_new_religions" title="Japanese new religions">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meivazhi" title="Meivazhi">Meivazhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modekngei" title="Modekngei">Modekngei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Acropolis" title="New Acropolis">New Acropolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Age" title="New Age">New Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Thought" title="New Thought">New Thought</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajneesh_movement" title="Rajneesh movement">Rajneesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rastafari" title="Rastafari">Rastafari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roerichism" title="Roerichism">Roerichism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_Sant_Mat_movements" title="Contemporary Sant Mat movements">Sant Mat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radha_Soami" title="Radha Soami">Radha Soami</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spiritualism_(movement)" title="Spiritualism (movement)">Spiritualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subud" title="Subud">Subud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tensegrity_(Castaneda)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tensegrity (Castaneda)">Tensegrity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thelema" title="Thelema">Thelema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theosophy" title="Theosophy">Theosophy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Theosophy" title="Neo-Theosophy">Neo-Theosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agni_Yoga" title="Agni Yoga">Agni Yoga</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transcendental_Meditation" title="Transcendental Meditation">Transcendental Meditation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unitarian_Universalism" title="Unitarian Universalism">Unitarian Universalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_White_Brotherhood" title="Universal White Brotherhood">White Brotherhood</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Modern_paganism" title="Modern paganism">Modern<br />paganism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>African <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Godianism" title="Godianism">Godianism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hetanism" title="Hetanism">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltic_neopaganism" title="Baltic neopaganism">Baltic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dievtur%C4%ABba" title="Dievturība">Dievturība</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romuva_(religion)" title="Romuva (religion)">Romuva</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caucasian_neopaganism" title="Caucasian neopaganism">Caucasian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abkhaz_neopaganism" class="mw-redirect" title="Abkhaz neopaganism">Abkhaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adyghe_Xabze" title="Adyghe Xabze">Circassian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_neopaganism" title="Celtic neopaganism">Celtic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Druidry_(modern)" title="Druidry (modern)">Druidry</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heathenry_(new_religious_movement)" title="Heathenry (new religious movement)">Germanic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellenism_(modern_religion)" title="Hellenism (modern religion)">Hellenism (modern religion)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoshamanism" title="Neoshamanism">Neoshamanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assianism" title="Assianism">Ossetian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polytheistic_reconstructionism" title="Polytheistic reconstructionism">Polytheistic reconstructionism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reconstructionist_Roman_religion" title="Reconstructionist Roman religion">Italo-Roman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kemetism" title="Kemetism">Kemetism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zalmoxianism" title="Zalmoxianism">Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavic_Native_Faith" title="Slavic Native Faith">Slavic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Authentism" title="Russian Authentism">Authentism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uralic_neopaganism" title="Uralic neopaganism">Uralic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_neopaganism" title="Estonian neopaganism">Estonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_Finnish_paganism" title="Modern Finnish paganism">Finnish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Native_Faith" title="Hungarian Native Faith">Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mari_religion" title="Mari religion">Mari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erzyan_native_religion" title="Erzyan native religion">Erzya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A1mi_shamanism" title="Sámi shamanism">Sámi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udmurt_Vos" title="Udmurt Vos">Udmurt</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wicca" title="Wicca">Wicca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zalmoxianism" title="Zalmoxianism">Zalmoxianism</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_modern_pagan_movements" title="List of modern pagan movements">list</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">De novo</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anthroposophy" title="Anthroposophy">Anthroposophy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Christian_Community" title="The Christian Community">The Christian Community</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discordianism" title="Discordianism">Discordianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eckankar" title="Eckankar">Eckankar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Way" title="Fourth Way">Fourth Way</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goddess_movement" title="Goddess movement">Goddess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jediism" title="Jediism">Jediism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satanism" title="Satanism">Satanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientology" title="Scientology">Scientology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UFO_religion" title="UFO religion">UFO religion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ra%C3%ABlism" title="Raëlism">Raëlism</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Historical_religions" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/History_of_religion" title="History of religion">Historical religions</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_religion" title="Prehistoric religion">Prehistoric</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paleolithic_religion" title="Paleolithic religion">Paleolithic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ainu_people#Religion" title="Ainu people">Ainu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_pre-Islamic_Arabia" title="Religion in pre-Islamic Arabia">Arabian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_mythology" title="Armenian mythology">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltic_mythology" title="Baltic mythology">Baltic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_mythology" title="Latvian mythology">Latvian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_mythology" title="Lithuanian mythology">Lithuanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prussian_mythology" title="Prussian mythology">Old Prussian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basque_mythology" title="Basque mythology">Basque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Celtic_religion" title="Ancient Celtic religion">Celtic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Druid" title="Druid">Druidism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_mythology" title="Irish mythology">Irish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cook_Islands_mythology" title="Cook Islands mythology">Cook Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dravidian_folk_religion" title="Dravidian folk religion">Dravidian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_religion" title="Ancient Egyptian religion">Egyptian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atenism" title="Atenism">Atenism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etruscan_religion" title="Etruscan religion">Etruscan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_mythology" title="Finnish mythology">Finnish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuegians#Spiritual_culture" title="Fuegians">Fuegian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Selk%27nam_mythology" title="Selk'nam mythology">Selk'nam</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_mythology" title="Georgian mythology">Georgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germanic_paganism" title="Germanic paganism">Germanic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_paganism" title="Anglo-Saxon paganism">Anglo-Saxon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Germanic_mythology" title="Continental Germanic mythology">Continental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frankish_paganism" title="Frankish paganism">Frankish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Norse_religion" title="Old Norse religion">Norse</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_religion" title="Ancient Greek religion">Greek</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gnosticism" title="Gnosticism">Gnosticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greco-Buddhism" title="Greco-Buddhism">Greco-Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermeticism" title="Hermeticism">Hermeticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greco-Roman_mysteries" title="Greco-Roman mysteries">Mysteries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orphism_(religion)" title="Orphism (religion)">Orphism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guanches#System_of_beliefs" title="Guanches">Guanche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indus_Valley_Civilisation#Religion" title="Indus Valley Civilisation">Harappan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hittite_mythology_and_religion" title="Hittite mythology and religion">Hittite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_mythology" title="Hungarian mythology">Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurrian_religion" title="Hurrian religion">Hurrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illinois_Confederacy#Religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Illinois Confederacy">Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inca_mythology" title="Inca mythology">Inca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaican_Maroon_religion" title="Jamaican Maroon religion">Jamaican Maroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manichaeism" title="Manichaeism">Manichaeism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mazdak" title="Mazdak">Mazdakism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melanesian_mythology" title="Melanesian mythology">Melanesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Mesopotamian_religion" title="Ancient Mesopotamian religion">Mesopotamian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Babylonian_religion" title="Babylonian religion">Babylonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumerian_religion" title="Sumerian religion">Sumerian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micronesian_mythology" title="Micronesian mythology">Micronesian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nauruan_Indigenous_religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Nauruan Indigenous religion">Nauruan Indigenous religion</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olmec_religion" title="Olmec religion">Olmec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleo-Balkan_mythology" title="Paleo-Balkan mythology">Paleo-Balkan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_folk_beliefs" class="mw-redirect" title="Albanian folk beliefs">Albanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dacian_mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Dacian mythology">Dacian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illyrian_religion" title="Illyrian religion">Illyrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thracian_religion" title="Thracian religion">Thracian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Indo-Iranian_religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Proto-Indo-Iranian religion">Proto-Indo-Iranian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Iranian_religion" title="Ancient Iranian religion">Iranian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_Vedic_religion" title="Historical Vedic religion">Vedic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basketmaker_III_Era#Culture_and_religion" title="Basketmaker III Era">Ancestral Pueblo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pueblo_II_Period#Culture_and_religion" title="Pueblo II Period">Pueblo II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pueblo_III_Period#Culture_and_religion" title="Pueblo III Period">Pueblo III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pueblo_IV_Period#Culture_and_religion" title="Pueblo IV Period">Pueblo IV</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapa_Nui_mythology" title="Rapa Nui mythology">Rapa Nui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_ancient_Rome" title="Religion in ancient Rome">Roman</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cybele" title="Cybele">Cult of Magna Mater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallo-Roman_religion" title="Gallo-Roman religion">Gallo-Roman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_imperial_cult" title="Roman imperial cult">Imperial cult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mithraism" title="Mithraism">Mithraism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mysteries_of_Isis" title="Mysteries of Isis">Mysteries of Isis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Semitic_religion" title="Ancient Semitic religion">Semitic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canaanite_religion" title="Canaanite religion">Canaanite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punic_religion" title="Punic religion">Punic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahwism" title="Yahwism">Yahwism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scythian_religion" title="Scythian religion">Scythian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavic_paganism" title="Slavic paganism">Slavic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_mythology" title="Somali mythology">Somali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongan_religion" title="Tongan religion">Tongan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urartu#Religion" title="Urartu">Urartu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vainakh_religion" title="Vainakh religion">Vainakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zapotec_civilization#Religion_and_Myth" title="Zapotec civilization">Zapotec</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Topics</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Aspects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostasy" title="Apostasy">Apostasy</a> / <a href="/wiki/Religious_disaffiliation" title="Religious disaffiliation">Disaffiliation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_behaviour" title="Religious behaviour">Behaviour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belief#Religion" title="Belief">Beliefs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Call_to_prayer" title="Call to prayer">Call to prayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laicism" title="Laicism">Laicism</a> / <a href="/wiki/Laity" title="Laity">Laity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Covenant_(religion)" title="Covenant (religion)">Covenant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_conversion" title="Religious conversion">Conversion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deity" title="Deity">Deities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_denomination" title="Religious denomination">Denomination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entheogen" title="Entheogen">Entheogens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_religion" title="Ethnic religion">Ethnic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faith" title="Faith">Faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_worship" title="Fire worship">Fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_religion" title="Folk religion">Folk religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God" title="God">God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goddess" title="Goddess">Goddess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_religion" title="Indigenous religion">Indigenous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meditation" title="Meditation">Meditation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monasticism" title="Monasticism">Monasticism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monk" title="Monk">Monk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novice" title="Novice">Novice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nun" title="Nun">Nun</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mysticism" title="Mysticism">Mysticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_mythology" title="Religion and mythology">Mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordination" title="Ordination">Ordination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthodoxy" title="Orthodoxy">Orthodoxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthopraxy" title="Orthopraxy">Orthopraxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paganism" title="Paganism">Paganism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prayer" title="Prayer">Prayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prophecy" title="Prophecy">Prophecy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_experience" title="Religious experience">Religious experience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ritual" title="Ritual">Ritual</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liturgy" title="Liturgy">Liturgy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ritual_purification" title="Ritual purification">Purification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacrifice" title="Sacrifice">Sacrifice</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_space" title="Sacred space">Sacred space</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_waters" title="Sacred waters">Bodies of water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_grove" title="Sacred grove">Groves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_mountains" title="Sacred mountains">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_tree" title="Sacred tree">Trees</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soul" title="Soul">Soul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spirituality" title="Spirituality">Spirituality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supernatural" title="Supernatural">Supernatural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_symbol" title="Religious symbol">Symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_text" title="Religious text">Text</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_views_on_truth" title="Religious views on truth">Truth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_and_religion" title="Water and religion">Water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worship" title="Worship">Worship</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Worship_of_heavenly_bodies" title="Worship of heavenly bodies">Astral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nature_worship" title="Nature worship">Nature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Place_of_worship" title="Place of worship">Place</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Theism" title="Theism">Theism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animism" title="Animism">Animism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deism" title="Deism">Deism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dualism_in_cosmology" title="Dualism in cosmology">Dualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henotheism" title="Henotheism">Henotheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monotheism" title="Monotheism">Monotheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nontheism" title="Nontheism">Nontheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panentheism" title="Panentheism">Panentheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pantheism" title="Pantheism">Pantheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polytheism" title="Polytheism">Polytheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transtheism" title="Transtheism">Transtheism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religious_studies" title="Religious studies">Religious<br />studies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anthropology_of_religion" title="Anthropology of religion">Anthropology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cognitive_science_of_religion" title="Cognitive science of religion">Cognitive science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparative_religion" title="Comparative religion">Comparative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_origin_of_religion" title="Evolutionary origin of religion">Evolutionary origin of religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_psychology_of_religion" title="Evolutionary psychology of religion">Evolutionary psychology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_religion" title="History of religion">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuroscience_of_religion" title="Neuroscience of religion">Neurotheology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_religion" title="Philosophy of religion">Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychology_of_religion" title="Psychology of religion">Psychology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sociology_of_religion" title="Sociology of religion">Sociology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soteriology" title="Soteriology">Soteriology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Salvation" title="Salvation">Salvation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theology" title="Theology">Theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theories_about_religion" title="Theories about religion">Theories about religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_and_religion" title="Women and religion">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Religion_and_society" title="Category:Religion and society">Religion <br />and society</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_agriculture" title="Religion and agriculture">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_business" title="Religion and business">Business</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clericalism" title="Clericalism">Clericalism</a> / <a href="/wiki/Clergy" title="Clergy">Clergy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monasticism" title="Monasticism">Monasticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordination" title="Ordination">Ordination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priest" title="Priest">Priest</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_conversion" title="Religious conversion">Conversion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religious_assimilation" title="Religious assimilation">Assimilation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missionary" title="Missionary">Missionary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proselytism" title="Proselytism">Proselytism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disability_and_religion" title="Disability and religion">Disability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_education" title="Religious education">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_fanaticism" title="Religious fanaticism">Fanaticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion" title="Freedom of religion">Freedom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religious_pluralism" title="Religious pluralism">Pluralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syncretism" title="Syncretism">Syncretism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toleration" title="Toleration">Toleration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universalism" title="Universalism">Universalism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fundamentalism" title="Fundamentalism">Fundamentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Growth_of_religion" title="Growth of religion">Growth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_happiness" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion and happiness">Happiness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homosexuality_and_religion" title="Homosexuality and religion">Homosexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minority_religion" title="Minority religion">Minorities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_church" title="National church">National church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Importance_of_religion_by_country" title="Importance of religion by country">National religiosity levels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_politics" title="Religion in politics">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_religious_populations" title="List of religious populations">Populations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religiocentrism" title="Religiocentrism">Religiocentrism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schism" title="Schism">Schism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relationship_between_religion_and_science" title="Relationship between religion and science">Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_religion" title="State religion">State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theocracy" title="Theocracy">Theocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarianism_and_religion" title="Vegetarianism and religion">Vegetarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_video_games" title="Religion and video games">Video games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_violence" title="Religious violence">Violence</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religious_persecution" title="Religious persecution">Persecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_terrorism" title="Religious terrorism">Terrorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_war" title="Religious war">War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sectarian_violence" title="Sectarian violence">Sectarian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wealth_and_religion" title="Wealth and religion">Wealth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Secularism" title="Secularism">Secularism</a> <br />and <a href="/wiki/Irreligion" title="Irreligion">irreligion</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agnosticism" title="Agnosticism">Agnosticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antireligion" title="Antireligion">Antireligion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atheism" title="Atheism">Atheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_religion" title="Criticism of religion">Criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Positive_deconstruction" title="Positive deconstruction">Deconstruction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Objectivism" title="Objectivism">Objectivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secular_humanism" title="Secular humanism">Secular humanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secular_theology" title="Secular theology">Secular theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secularization" title="Secularization">Secularization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Separation_of_church_and_state" title="Separation of church and state">Separation of church and state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_religions_and_spiritual_traditions" title="List of religions and spiritual traditions">Unaffiliated</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Overviews<br />and <a href="/wiki/Category:Religion-related_lists" title="Category:Religion-related lists">lists</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Table_of_prophets_of_Abrahamic_religions" title="Table of prophets of Abrahamic religions">Abrahamic prophets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_who_have_been_considered_deities" title="List of people who have been considered deities">Deification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_deities" title="Lists of deities">Deities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_founders_of_religious_traditions" title="List of founders of religious traditions">Founders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_religion-related_articles" title="Index of religion-related articles">Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_peaceful_gatherings" title="List of largest peaceful gatherings">Mass gatherings</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Names of God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_new_religious_movements" title="List of new religious movements">New religious movements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_religious_organizations" title="List of religious organizations">Organizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_religion" title="Outline of religion">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_religions_and_spiritual_traditions" title="List of religions and spiritual traditions">Religions and spiritual traditions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_studies" title="Religious studies">Scholars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_religion" title="Timeline of religion">Timeline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Religion_by_country" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Religion by country</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Africa" title="Religion in Africa">Africa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Algeria" title="Religion in Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Angola" title="Religion in Angola">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Benin" title="Religion in Benin">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Botswana" title="Religion in Botswana">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Burkina_Faso" title="Religion in Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Burundi" title="Religion in Burundi">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Cameroon" title="Religion in Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Cape_Verde" title="Religion in Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Central_African_Republic" title="Religion in the Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Chad" title="Religion in Chad">Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Comoros" title="Religion in the Comoros">Comoros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Religion in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Religion in the Republic of the Congo">Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Djibouti" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in Djibouti">Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Egypt" title="Religion in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Equatorial_Guinea" title="Religion in Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Eritrea" title="Religion in Eritrea">Eritrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Eswatini" title="Religion in Eswatini">Eswatini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Ethiopia" title="Religion in Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Gabon" title="Religion in Gabon">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Gambia" title="Religion in the Gambia">Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Ghana" title="Religion in Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Guinea" title="Religion in Guinea">Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Guinea-Bissau" title="Religion in Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Ivory_Coast" title="Religion in Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Kenya" title="Religion in Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Lesotho" title="Religion in Lesotho">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Liberia" title="Religion in Liberia">Liberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Libya" title="Religion in Libya">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Madagascar" title="Religion in Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Malawi" title="Religion in Malawi">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Mali" title="Religion in Mali">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Mauritania" title="Religion in Mauritania">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Mauritius" title="Religion in Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Morocco" title="Religion in Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Mozambique" title="Religion in Mozambique">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Namibia" title="Religion in Namibia">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Niger" title="Religion in Niger">Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Nigeria" title="Religion in Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Rwanda" title="Religion in Rwanda">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="Religion in São Tomé and Príncipe">São Tomé and Príncipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Senegal" title="Religion in Senegal">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Seychelles" title="Religion in Seychelles">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Sierra_Leone" title="Religion in Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Somalia" title="Religion in Somalia">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_South_Africa" title="Religion in South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_South_Sudan" title="Religion in South Sudan">South Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Sudan" title="Religion in Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Tanzania" title="Religion in Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Togo" title="Religion in Togo">Togo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Tunisia" title="Religion in Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Uganda" title="Religion in Uganda">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Zambia" title="Religion in Zambia">Zambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Zimbabwe" title="Religion in Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Asia" title="Religion in Asia">Asia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Afghanistan" title="Religion in Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Armenia" title="Religion in Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Azerbaijan" title="Religion in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Bahrain" title="Religion in Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Bangladesh" title="Religion in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Bhutan" title="Religion in Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Brunei" title="Religion in Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Cambodia" title="Religion in Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_China" title="Religion in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Cyprus" title="Religion in Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_East_Timor" title="Religion in East Timor">East Timor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Georgia_(country)" title="Religion in Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Hong_Kong" title="Religion in Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_India" title="Religion in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Indonesia" title="Religion in Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Iran" title="Religion in Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Iraq" title="Religion in Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Israel" title="Religion in Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Japan" title="Religion in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Jordan" title="Religion in Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Kazakhstan" title="Religion in Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Korea" title="Religion in Korea">Korea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_North_Korea" title="Religion in North Korea">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_South_Korea" title="Religion in South Korea">South Korea</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Kuwait" title="Religion in Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Kyrgyzstan" title="Religion in Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Laos" title="Religion in Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Lebanon" title="Religion in Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Macau" title="Religion in Macau">Macau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Malaysia" title="Religion in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Maldives" title="Religion in the Maldives">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Mongolia" title="Religion in Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Myanmar" title="Religion in Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Nepal" title="Religion in Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Oman" title="Religion in Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Pakistan" title="Religion in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_State_of_Palestine" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in the State of Palestine">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Philippines" title="Religion in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Qatar" title="Religion in Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Religion in Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Singapore" title="Religion in Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Religion in Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Syria" title="Religion in Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Taiwan" title="Religion in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Tajikistan" title="Religion in Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Thailand" title="Religion in Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Turkey" title="Religion in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Turkmenistan" title="Religion in Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Religion in the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Uzbekistan" title="Religion in Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Vietnam" title="Religion in Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Yemen" title="Religion in Yemen">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Europe" title="Religion in Europe">Europe</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Albania" title="Religion in Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Andorra" title="Religion in Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Austria" title="Religion in Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Belarus" title="Religion in Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Belgium" title="Religion in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Religion in Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Bulgaria" title="Religion in Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Croatia" title="Religion in Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Czech_Republic" title="Religion in the Czech Republic">Czechia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Denmark" title="Religion in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Estonia" title="Religion in Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Finland" title="Religion in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_France" title="Religion in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Germany" title="Religion in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Greece" title="Religion in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Hungary" title="Religion in Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Iceland" title="Religion in Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Religion in the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Italy" title="Religion in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Kosovo" title="Religion in Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Latvia" title="Religion in Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Liechtenstein" title="Religion in Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Lithuania" title="Religion in Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Luxembourg" title="Religion in Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Malta" title="Religion in Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Moldova" title="Religion in Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Monaco" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in Monaco">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Montenegro" title="Religion in Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Netherlands" title="Religion in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_North_Macedonia" title="Religion in North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Norway" title="Religion in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Poland" title="Religion in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Portugal" title="Religion in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Romania" title="Religion in Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Russia" title="Religion in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_San_Marino" title="Religion in San Marino">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Serbia" title="Religion in Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Slovakia" title="Religion in Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Slovenia" title="Religion in Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Spain" title="Religion in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Sweden" title="Religion in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Switzerland" title="Religion in Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Ukraine" title="Religion in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Religion in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_England" title="Religion in England">England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Northern_Ireland" title="Religion in Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Scotland" title="Religion in Scotland">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Wales" title="Religion in Wales">Wales</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_North_America" title="Religion in North America">North America</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Religion in Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Bahamas" title="Religion in the Bahamas">Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Barbados" title="Religion in Barbados">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Belize" title="Religion in Belize">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Canada" title="Religion in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Costa_Rica" title="Religion in Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Cuba" title="Religion in Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Dominica" title="Religion in Dominica">Dominica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Religion in the Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_El_Salvador" title="Religion in El Salvador">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Grenada" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in Grenada">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Guatemala" title="Religion in Guatemala">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Haiti" title="Religion in Haiti">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Honduras" title="Religion in Honduras">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Jamaica" title="Religion in Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Mexico" title="Religion in Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Nicaragua" title="Religion in Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Panama" title="Religion in Panama">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in Saint Kitts and Nevis">Saint Kitts 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