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href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/X%C9%99rac" title="Xərac – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Xərac" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%96%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C" title="খারাজ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="খারাজ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6" title="Хараж – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Хараж" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hara%C4%8D" title="Harač – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Harač" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kharaj" title="Kharaj – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Kharaj" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jarach" title="Jarach – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Jarach" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%A4ara%C4%89o" title="Ĥaraĉo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ĥaraĉo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AC_(%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85)" title="خراج (اسلام) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="خراج (اسلام)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khar%C3%A2j" title="Kharâj – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Kharâj" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%95%98%EB%9D%BC%EC%A6%88" title="하라즈 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="하라즈" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BD%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%BB" title="Խարաջ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Խարաջ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C" title="ख़िराज – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ख़िराज" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hara%C4%8D" title="Harač – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Harač" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kharaj" title="Kharaj – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kharaj" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khar%C4%81j" title="Kharāj – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Kharāj" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%97%27%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%92%27" title="ח'ראג' – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ח'ראג'" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AE%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%AF%E1%83%90" title="ხარაჯა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ხარაჯა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B6" title="Харадж – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Харадж" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%87" title="Арач – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Арач" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%96%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%8D" title="ഖറാജ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഖറാജ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kharaj" title="Kharaj – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kharaj" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8F%E3%83%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A5" title="ハラージュ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ハラージュ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xiroj" title="Xiroj – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Xiroj" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charad%C5%BC" title="Charadż – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Charadż" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caraje" title="Caraje – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Caraje" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haraci" title="Haraci – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Haraci" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B6" title="Харадж – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Харадж" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haraxh" title="Haraxh – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Haraxh" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hara%C4%8D" title="Harač – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Harač" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hara%C4%8D" title="Harač – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Harač" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D2%B7" title="Хироҷ – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Хироҷ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hara%C3%A7" title="Haraç – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Haraç" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B6" title="Харадж – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Харадж" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AC" title="خراج – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="خراج" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" 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a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks" style="border-collapse:collapse;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Islam" title="Category:Islam">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;"><a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Allah" title="Allah"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Allah3.svg/110px-Allah3.svg.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Allah3.svg/165px-Allah3.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Allah3.svg/220px-Allah3.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="294" data-file-height="313" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;;background:#dcf5dc;padding:0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Iman_(Islam)" title="Iman (Islam)">Beliefs</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tawhid" title="Tawhid">Oneness</a> of <a href="/wiki/God_in_Islam" title="God in Islam">God</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angels_in_Islam" title="Angels in Islam">Angels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_holy_books" title="Islamic holy books">Revealed Books</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prophets_and_messengers_in_Islam" title="Prophets and messengers in Islam">Prophets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Day_of_Resurrection" class="mw-redirect" title="Day of Resurrection">Day of Resurrection</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Predestination_in_Islam" title="Predestination in Islam">Predestination</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;;background:#dcf5dc;padding:0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Five_Pillars_of_Islam" title="Five Pillars of Islam">Practices</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shahada" title="Shahada">Profession of Faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salah" title="Salah">Prayer</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zakat" title="Zakat">Almsgiving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fasting_in_Islam" title="Fasting in Islam">Fasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hajj" title="Hajj">Pilgrimage</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;;background:#dcf5dc;padding:0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Islamic_texts" title="List of Islamic texts">Texts</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_studies" title="Islamic studies">Foundations</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quran</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sunnah" title="Sunnah">Sunnah</a></i> (<i><a href="/wiki/Hadith" title="Hadith">Hadith</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Prophetic_biography" class="mw-redirect" title="Prophetic biography">Sirah</a></i>)</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tafsir" title="Tafsir"><i>Tafsir</i> (exegesis)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aqidah" title="Aqidah"><i>Aqidah</i> (creed)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qisas_al-Anbiya" title="Qisas al-Anbiya"><i>Qisas al-Anbiya</i> ("Stories of the Prophets")</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mathnawi" title="Mathnawi">Mathnawi</a> (Poems)</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fiqh" title="Fiqh"><i>Fiqh</i> (jurisprudence)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharia" title="Sharia"><i>Sharia</i> (law)</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;;background:#dcf5dc;padding:0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Islam" title="History of Islam">History</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Islamic_history" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of Islamic history">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_in_Islam" title="Muhammad in Islam">Muhammad</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ahl_al-Bayt" title="Ahl al-Bayt">Ahl al-Bayt</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Companions_of_the_Prophet" title="Companions of the Prophet">Sahabah</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rashidun" title="Rashidun">Rashidun</a></i></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caliphate" title="Caliphate">Caliphate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imamate_in_Shia_doctrine" title="Imamate in Shia doctrine">Imamate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_in_the_medieval_Islamic_world" title="Science in the medieval Islamic world">Medieval Islamic science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spread_of_Islam" title="Spread of Islam">Spread of Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Succession_to_Muhammad" title="Succession to Muhammad">Succession to Muhammad</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;;background:#dcf5dc;padding:0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Islamic_culture" title="Islamic culture">Culture</a> and <a href="/wiki/Muslim_world" title="Muslim world">society</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_studies" title="Islamic studies">Academics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animals_in_Islam" title="Animals in Islam">Animals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_art" title="Islamic art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_association_football" class="mw-redirect" title="Islam in association football">Association football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_calendar" title="Islamic calendar">Calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_and_children" title="Islam and children">Children</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khitan_(circumcision)" title="Khitan (circumcision)">Circumcision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_by_country" title="Islam by country">Demographics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_diaspora" title="Muslim diaspora">Diaspora</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_schools_and_branches" title="Islamic schools and branches">Denominations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shia_Islam" title="Shia Islam">Shia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_economics" title="Islamic economics">Economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Islam" title="Education in Islam">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_ethics" title="Islamic ethics">Ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spirit_possession_and_exorcism_in_Islam" title="Spirit possession and exorcism in Islam">Exorcism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_feminism" title="Islamic feminism">Feminism</a></li> <li><a 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/23px-Allah-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/31px-Allah-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="206" data-file-height="215" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Islam" title="Portal:Islam">Islam portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="padding-right:0.2em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Islam" title="Template:Islam"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Islam" title="Template talk:Islam"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Islam" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Islam"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Type of Islamic tax</div> <p><b>Kharāj</b> (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">خراج</span>) is a type of individual <a href="/wiki/Islamic_taxes" title="Islamic taxes">Islamic tax</a> on <a href="/wiki/Agricultural_land" title="Agricultural land">agricultural land</a> and its <a href="/wiki/Produce" title="Produce">produce</a>, regardless of the religion of the owners, developed under <a href="/wiki/Sharia" title="Sharia">Islamic law</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With the <a href="/wiki/Early_Muslim_conquests" title="Early Muslim conquests">first Muslim conquests</a> in the 7th century, the <i>kharaj</i> initially was synonymous with <i><a href="/wiki/Jizyah" class="mw-redirect" title="Jizyah">jizyah</a></i> and denoted a lump-sum duty levied upon the lands of conquered provinces, which was collected by hold-over officials of the defeated <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Empire</a> in the west and the <a href="/wiki/Sassanid_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Sassanid Empire">Sassanid Empire</a> in the east; later and more broadly, <i>kharaj</i> refers to a land-tax levied by Muslim rulers on their non-Muslim subjects, collectively known as <i><a href="/wiki/Dhimmi" title="Dhimmi">dhimmi</a></i>. Muslim landowners, on the other hand, paid <i><a href="/wiki/Rashidun_Caliphate#Ushr" title="Rashidun Caliphate">ushr</a></i>, a religious <a href="/wiki/Tithe" title="Tithe">tithe</a> on land, which carried a lower rate of taxation,<sup id="cite_ref-lewis1_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lewis1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <i><a href="/wiki/Zakat" title="Zakat">zakat</a></i>. <i><a href="/wiki/Rashidun_Caliphate#Ushr" title="Rashidun Caliphate">Ushr</a></i> was a reciprocal 10% levy on agricultural land as well as merchandise imported from states that taxed Muslims on their products. </p><p>Changes soon eroded the established tax base of the early <a href="/wiki/Arab_Caliphate" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab Caliphate">Arab Caliphates</a>. Additionally, a <a href="/wiki/Second_Arab_Siege_of_Constantinople" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Arab Siege of Constantinople">large, but unsuccessful, expedition</a> against the Byzantine Empire undertaken by the <a href="/wiki/Umayyad" class="mw-redirect" title="Umayyad">Umayyad</a> caliph <a href="/wiki/Sulayman_ibn_Abd_al-Malik" title="Sulayman ibn Abd al-Malik">Sulayman</a> in 717 brought the finances of the Umayyads to the brink of collapse. Even before Sulayman's ascent to power, the powerful governor of Iraq, <a href="/wiki/Al-Hajjaj_ibn_Yusuf" title="Al-Hajjaj ibn Yusuf">al-Hajjaj ibn Yusuf</a>, attempted to raise revenues by demanding from Muslims a full rate of taxation, but that measure met with opposition and resentment. To address these problems, Sulayman's successor <a href="/wiki/Umar_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Umar II">Umar II</a> worked out a compromise in which, beginning from 719, land from which <i>kharaj</i> was paid could not be transferred to Muslims; instead, they could lease such land, but in that case they would be required to pay <i>kharaj</i> from it. With the passage of time, the practical result of that reform was that <i>kharaj</i> was levied on most land without regard for the cultivator's religion. The reforms of Umar II were finalized under the <a href="/wiki/Abbasid" class="mw-redirect" title="Abbasid">Abbasids</a> and would thereafter form the model of tax systems in the Islamic state.<sup id="cite_ref-lewis2_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lewis2-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From that time on, <i>kharaj</i> was also used as a general term describing all kinds of taxes: for example, the classic treatise on taxation by the 9th century jurist <a href="/wiki/Abu_Yusuf" title="Abu Yusuf">Abu Yusuf</a> was called <i>Kitab al-Kharaj</i>, i.e. <i>The Book On Taxation</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-lewis1_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lewis1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>20th-century Russian orientalist, A. Yu. Yakubovski, compares the land tax system of <a href="/wiki/Persian_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Persian Empire">Persian</a> <a href="/wiki/Sassanids" class="mw-redirect" title="Sassanids">Sassanids</a> with that of the post-Islamic <a href="/wiki/Caliphate" title="Caliphate">Caliphate</a> era: </p> <blockquote><p> A comparison between pre-Islamic documents and those of the Islamic period reveals that conquering Arabs increased the land taxation without exception. Thus, raising taxes of each acre of wheat field to four dirhams and each acre of barley field to two dirhams, whereas during reign of <a href="/wiki/Khosrau_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Khosrau I">Khosro Anushiravan</a> it used to be a single dirham for each acre of wheat or barley field. During the later stage of the <a href="/wiki/Umayyad_Caliphate" title="Umayyad Caliphate">Umayyad Caliphate</a>, landowners were paying from one fourth to one third of their land produce to the state as <i>kharaj</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>, <i>kharaj</i> evolved into <a href="/wiki/Hara%C3%A7" title="Haraç">haraç</a>, a form of poll tax on non-Muslim subjects. It was superseded by <a href="/wiki/Cizye" class="mw-redirect" title="Cizye">cizye</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kharaj&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBöwering2013" class="citation book cs1">Böwering, Gerhard, ed. (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=q1I0pcrFFSUC&q=islamic+taxes&pg=PA545"><i>The Princeton Encyclopedia of Islamic Political Thought</i></a>. Princeton University Press. p. 545. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0691134840" title="Special:BookSources/978-0691134840"><bdi>978-0691134840</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Princeton+Encyclopedia+of+Islamic+Political+Thought&rft.pages=545&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0691134840&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dq1I0pcrFFSUC%26q%3Dislamic%2Btaxes%26pg%3DPA545&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKharaj" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lewis1-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-lewis1_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lewis1_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Lewis (2002), p. 72</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lewis2-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-lewis2_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lewis (2002), p. 79–80</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">N. V. Pigulevskaya, A. Yu. Yakubovski, I. P. Petrushevski, L. V. Stroeva, A. M. Belenitski. The History of Iran from Ancient Times to the End of Eighteenth Century (in Persian), Tehran, 1967, p. 161.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kharaj&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Cooper, Richard S. "The Assessment and Collection of Kharaj Tax in Medieval Egypt", <i>Journal of the American Oriental Society</i>, Vol. 96, No. 3. (Jul. – Sep., 1976), pp. 365–382.</li> <li>Cummings, John Thomas; Askari, Hossein; Mustafa, Ahmad. "Islam and Modern Economic Change" in Esposito, 1980, pp. 25–47</li> <li>Esposito, John L. (ed.). <i>Islam and Development: Religion and Sociopolitical Change</i> (Syracuse, NY, Syracuse University Press, 1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Gaudefroy-Demombynes" title="Maurice Gaudefroy-Demombynes">Gaudefroy-Demombynes, Maurice</a> (tr. John P. MacGregor). <i>Muslim Institutions</i> (London, Allen & Unwin, 1950)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Hourani" title="Albert Hourani">Hourani, Albert</a>, <i>A History of the Arab Peoples</i> (Cambridge, MA : Belknap-Harvard University Press, 1991)</li> <li>Melis, Nicola, "Il concetto di ğihād", in P. Manduchi (a cura di), <i>Dalla penna al mouse. Gli strumenti di diffusione del concetto di gihad</i>, Angeli, Milano 2006, pp. 23–54.</li> <li>Melis, Nicola, "Lo statuto giuridico degli ebrei dell'Impero Ottomano", in M. Contu – N. Melis - G. Pinna (a cura di), <i>Ebraismo e rapporti con le culture del Mediterraneo nei secoli XVIII-XX</i>, Giuntina, Firenze 2003.</li> <li>Melis, Nicola, <i>Trattato sulla guerra. Il Kitāb al-ğihād di Molla Hüsrev</i>, Aipsa, Cagliari 2002.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/G.R._Hawting" class="mw-redirect" title="G.R. Hawting">Hawting, G. R</a>. <i>The First Dynasty of Islam: The Umayyad Caliphate AD 661-750</i> (London, Routledge, 2000)</li> <li>Lambton, Ann K. S. <i>Landlord and Peasant in Persia: A Study of Land Tenure and Land Revenue Administration</i> (London, Oxford University Press, 1953)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLewis2002" class="citation book cs1">Lewis, Bernard (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/arabsinhistory00bern"><i>The Arabs in History</i></a>. Oxford: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-280310-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-280310-7"><bdi>0-19-280310-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Arabs+in+History&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-19-280310-7&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=Bernard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Farabsinhistory00bern&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKharaj" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Poliak, A. N. "Classification of Lands in the Islamic Law and Its Technical Terms". <i>The American Journal of Semitic Languages and Literatures</i>, Vol. 57, No. 1. (Jan., 1940), pp. 50–62.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStillman1979" class="citation book cs1">Stillman, Norman (1979). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/jewsofarablands00stil"><i>The Jews of Arab Lands: A History and Source Book</i></a>. Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society of America. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8276-0116-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-8276-0116-6"><bdi>0-8276-0116-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Jews+of+Arab+Lands%3A+A+History+and+Source+Book&rft.place=Philadelphia&rft.pub=Jewish+Publication+Society+of+America&rft.date=1979&rft.isbn=0-8276-0116-6&rft.aulast=Stillman&rft.aufirst=Norman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fjewsofarablands00stil&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKharaj" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Watt, W. Montgomery. <i>Islamic Political Thought: The Basic Concepts</i> (Edinburgh, Edinburgh University Press, 1980)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kharaj&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Kharaj" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Kharaj">Kharaj</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iis.ac.uk/glossary/glossary_hk.htm">The Institute of Ismaili Studies, Glossary H-K (kharaj)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060209175331/http://www.iis.ac.uk/glossary/glossary_hk.htm">Archived</a> 2006-02-09 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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