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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Similarities to the Judgement Day of Christianity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Similarities_to_the_Judgement_Day_of_Christianity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Events" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Events"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Events</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Events-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Events subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Events-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Portents" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Portents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Portents</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Portents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Destruction_and_resurrection" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Destruction_and_resurrection"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Destruction and resurrection</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Destruction_and_resurrection-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Judgment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Judgment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Judgment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Judgment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_crossing_of_the_Bridge" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_crossing_of_the_Bridge"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>The crossing of the Bridge</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_crossing_of_the_Bridge-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Intercession" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Intercession"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Intercession</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Intercession-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Paradise_and_Hellfire" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Paradise_and_Hellfire"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Paradise and Hellfire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Paradise_and_Hellfire-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literal_or_figurative_interpretation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literal_or_figurative_interpretation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Literal or figurative interpretation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literal_or_figurative_interpretation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Judgement Day in Islam</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 39 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-39" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">39 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A9_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85" title="يوم القيامة في الإسلام – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="يوم القيامة في الإسلام" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A4" title="কিয়ামত – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="কিয়ামত" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qiyam%C9%99t_g%C3%BCn%C3%BC_(%C4%B0slam)" title="Qiyamət günü (İslam) – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Qiyamət günü (İslam)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A4" title="কিয়ামত – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কিয়ামত" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BF_%D0%BA%D3%A9%D0%BD%D3%A9" title="Яуап көнө – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Яуап көнө" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sudnji_dan_(islam)" title="Sudnji dan (islam) – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Sudnji dan (islam)" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alichiyama" title="Alichiyama – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Alichiyama" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qiy%C3%A2mah" title="Qiyâmah – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Qiyâmah" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D9%84%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A9_%D9%81_%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85" title="نهار لقيامة ف لإسلام – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="نهار لقيامة ف لإسلام" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%BCngster_Tag_(Islam)" title="Jüngster Tag (Islam) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Jüngster Tag (Islam)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qiyamah" title="Qiyamah – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Qiyamah" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8A%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Къематди – Ingush" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Къематди" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingush" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaumulkiamah" title="Yaumulkiamah – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Yaumulkiamah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giorno_del_giudizio_(islam)" title="Giorno del giudizio (islam) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Giorno del giudizio (islam)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9D_%D7%94%D7%93%D7%99%D7%9F_%D7%91%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%9D" title="יום הדין באסלאם – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="יום הדין באסלאם" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%9A%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Қиямет – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Қиямет" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiyama" title="Kiyama – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kiyama" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qiyamet" title="Qiyamet – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Qiyamet" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%B1" title="الايمان باليوم الاخر – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الايمان باليوم الاخر" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hari_Kiamat" title="Hari Kiamat – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Hari Kiamat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qiyamah" title="Qiyamah – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Qiyamah" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8A%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82-%D0%B4%D0%B5" title="Къемат-де – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Къемат-де" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qiy%C3%A2mah" title="Qiyâmah – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Qiyâmah" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qijamah" title="Qijamah – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Qijamah" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%AA" title="قیامت – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="قیامت" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%AA" title="قيامت – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="قيامت" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qiyamah" title="Qiyamah – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Qiyamah" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Киямат – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Киямат" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiameti" title="Kiameti – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kiameti" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%95%DB%86%DA%98%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D9%84%DB%95_%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7" title="ڕۆژی دوایی لە ئیسلامدا – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ڕۆژی دوایی لە ئیسلامدا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Кијамет – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Кијамет" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuomiop%C3%A4iv%C3%A4_islaminuskossa" title="Tuomiopäivä islaminuskossa – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Tuomiopäivä islaminuskossa" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qiyamah" title="Qiyamah – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Qiyamah" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BC%D3%99%D1%82" title="Кыямәт – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Кыямәт" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%9A%D0%B8%D1%91%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Қиёмат – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Қиёмат" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Кияма – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Кияма" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%AA" title="قیامت – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="قیامت" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q%C4%B1yamete" title="Qıyamete – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Qıyamete" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harani_Kiamat" title="Harani Kiamat – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Harani Kiamat" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q12200906#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Eschatalogical concept in Islam</div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>, "the promise and threat" (<span title="Arabic-language text"><i lang="ar-Latn">waʿd wa-waʿīd</i></span>)<sup id="cite_ref-Taylor-1968-59_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Taylor-1968-59-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of <b><a href="/wiki/Last_Judgment" title="Last Judgment">Judgement Day</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">یوم القيامة</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Arabic" title="Romanization of Arabic">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">Yawm al-qiyāmah</i></span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Literal_translation" title="Literal translation">lit.</a> </small>'Day of Resurrection' or <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl" style="font-style: normal;">یوم الدین</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Arabic" title="Romanization of Arabic">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">Yawm ad-din</i></span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Literal_translation" title="Literal translation">lit.</a> </small>'Day of Judgement'), is when "all bodies will be resurrected" from the dead, and "all people" are "called to account" for their deeds and their faith during their life on <a href="/wiki/Earth" title="Earth">Earth</a>. It has been called "the dominant message" of the holy book of <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quran</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-JISYYHIU1981:63_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JISYYHIU1981:63-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and resurrection and judgement the two themes "central to the understanding of <a href="/wiki/Islamic_eschatology" title="Islamic eschatology">Islamic eschatology</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-JISYYHIU1981:64_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JISYYHIU1981:64-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Judgement Day is considered a fundamental tenet of faith by all Muslims, and one of <a href="/wiki/Iman_(Islam)" title="Iman (Islam)">the six articles of Islamic faith</a>. </p><p>The trials, tribulations, and details associated with it are detailed in the <a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quran</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Hadith" title="Hadith">Hadith</a> (sayings of <a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a>); these have been elaborated on in <a href="/wiki/Aqidah" title="Aqidah">creeds</a>, Quranic commentaries (<a href="/wiki/Tafsir" title="Tafsir">tafsịrs</a>), theological writing,<sup id="cite_ref-JISYYHIU1981:vii_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JISYYHIU1981:vii-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> eschatological manuals to provide more details and a sequence of events on the Day.<sup id="cite_ref-JISYYHIU1981:63_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JISYYHIU1981:63-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Islamic expositors and scholarly authorities who have explained the subject in detail include <a href="/wiki/Al-Ghazali" title="Al-Ghazali">al-Ghazali</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Kathir" title="Ibn Kathir">Ibn Kathir</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Majah" title="Ibn Majah">Ibn Majah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_al-Bukhari" title="Muhammad al-Bukhari">Muhammad al-Bukhari</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Khuzayma" title="Ibn Khuzayma">Ibn Khuzaymah</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Names">Names</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judgement_Day_in_Islam&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Names"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Among the names of the Day of Resurrection/Judgement used in the Qur'an are:<sup id="cite_ref-Siddiqui-2014_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Siddiqui-2014-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><span title="Arabic-language text"><i lang="ar-Latn">al-Qari'ah</i></span>—the Calamity;<sup id="cite_ref-Siddiqui-2014_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Siddiqui-2014-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">ٱلۡقَارِعَةُ</span>), <a href="/wiki/Chapter_(surah)_101" class="mw-redirect" title="Chapter (surah) 101">Chapter (surah) 101</a> is named <i><a href="/wiki/Al-Qari%27ah" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Qari'ah">al-Qari'ah</a></i>; the word is found in <a href="/wiki/Q.69" class="mw-redirect" title="Q.69">Q.69</a>:4, <a href="/wiki/Quran_101" class="mw-redirect" title="Quran 101">101</a>:1, 101:2, 101:3</li> <li><span title="Arabic-language text"><i lang="ar-Latn">al-Zalzalah</i></span>—the Earthquake;<sup id="cite_ref-Siddiqui-2014_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Siddiqui-2014-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">الزَّلْزَلَة</span>) Surah 99 is name <i>al-Zalzalah</i>; the word is found in Q.99.1</li> <li><span title="Arabic-language text"><i lang="ar-Latn">al-Sa'iqah</i></span>—the Blast;<sup id="cite_ref-Siddiqui-2014_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Siddiqui-2014-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span title="Arabic-language text"><i lang="ar-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Yawm_an_Thaqila" class="mw-redirect" title="Yawm an Thaqila">Yawm an Thaqila</a></i></span>—the Hard Day;<sup id="cite_ref-Siddiqui-2014_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Siddiqui-2014-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span title="Arabic-language text"><i lang="ar-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Al-Yawm_al-Muhit" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Yawm al-Muhit">Al-Yawm al-Muhit</a></i></span>—the <a href="/wiki/Encompassing_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="Encompassing Day">Encompassing Day</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-Siddiqui-2014_6-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Siddiqui-2014-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span title="Arabic-language text"><i lang="ar-Latn">Yawm al-Fasl</i></span>—the <a href="/wiki/Day_of_Separation" class="mw-redirect" title="Day of Separation">Day of Separation</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-Siddiqui-2014_6-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Siddiqui-2014-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span title="Arabic-language text"><i lang="ar-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Al-Tammah_al-Kubra" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Tammah al-Kubra">al-Tammah al-Kubra</a></i></span>—the Great Disaster;<sup id="cite_ref-Siddiqui-2014_6-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Siddiqui-2014-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span title="Arabic-language text"><i lang="ar-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Al-Haqqah" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Haqqah">al-Haqqah</a></i></span>—the Reality;<sup id="cite_ref-Siddiqui-2014_6-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Siddiqui-2014-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span title="Arabic-language text"><i lang="ar-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Yawm_al-Din" class="mw-redirect" title="Yawm al-Din">Yawm al-Din</a></i></span>—the Day of Judgement;<sup id="cite_ref-Siddiqui-2014_6-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Siddiqui-2014-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span title="Arabic-language text"><i lang="ar-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Yawm_al-Haqq" class="mw-redirect" title="Yawm al-Haqq">Yawm al-Haqq</a></i></span>—the True (inevitable) Day;<sup id="cite_ref-Siddiqui-2014_6-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Siddiqui-2014-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span title="Arabic-language text"><i lang="ar-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Yawm_al-%E1%B8%A4is%C4%81b" class="mw-redirect" title="Yawm al-Ḥisāb">Yawm al-Ḥisāb</a></i></span>—the Day of Reckoning;<sup id="cite_ref-Siddiqui-2014_6-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Siddiqui-2014-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span title="Arabic-language text"><i lang="ar-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Yawm_al-Khuruj" class="mw-redirect" title="Yawm al-Khuruj">Yawm al-Khuruj</a></i></span>—the <a href="/wiki/Day_of_Exodus" class="mw-redirect" title="Day of Exodus">Day of Exodus</a> (from the graves);<sup id="cite_ref-Siddiqui-2014_6-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Siddiqui-2014-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span title="Arabic-language text"><i lang="ar-Latn">as-sa’a</i></span>—the [Last] Hour<sup id="cite_ref-GCSE_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GCSE-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">ٱلسَّاعَةُ</span>) is reportedly mentioned 39 times in the Qur’an<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Note 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (54:46, 25:11, 33:63, 30:55, 45:32, 69:2, 79:42, 30:12, 54:1, 43:66, 21:49, 30:14, 22:1, 22:7, 20:15, 40:59, 43:61, 42:17, 12:107, 15:85, 18:36, 45:27, 22:55, 43:85, 47:18, 6:40, 40:46, 42:18, 6:31, 16:77, etc.)</li> <li><span title="Arabic-language text"><i lang="ar-Latn">Yawm al-Qiyamah</i></span>—Day of Resurrection;<sup id="cite_ref-GCSE_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GCSE-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">يَوْمَ ٱلْقِيَـٰمَةِ</span>) Literally means the "rising up at the resurrection" although it "has come to signify the entire series of events to take place" on Judgement day, "although technically "<span title="Arabic-language text"><i lang="ar-Latn">al-sā'a</i></span> means the actual hour", according to scholars Jane Smith and <a href="/wiki/Yvonne_Haddad" title="Yvonne Haddad">Yvonne Haddad</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-JISYYHIU1981:214-215_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JISYYHIU1981:214-215-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>On the Day of Resurrection (Nay! I do swear by the Day of Resurrection) it is mentioned 70 times in the Qur’an.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Note 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Related terms include (according to scholars Jane Smith and Yvonne Haddad), </p> <ul><li><span title="Arabic-language text"><i lang="ar-Latn">al-Ṣūr</i></span>—"The Trumpet";<sup id="cite_ref-JISYYHIU1981:214-215_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JISYYHIU1981:214-215-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span title="Arabic-language text"><i lang="ar-Latn">fanāʾ</i></span>—the "extinction of all save God".<sup id="cite_ref-JISYYHIU1981:71_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JISYYHIU1981:71-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span title="Arabic-language text"><i lang="ar-Latn">al-ḥashr</i></span> "means the specific gathering together" of resurrected for their judging;<sup id="cite_ref-JISYYHIU1981:214-215_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JISYYHIU1981:214-215-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span title="Arabic-language text"><i lang="ar-Latn">baʿth</i></span> "signifies the calling forth for judgement";<sup id="cite_ref-JISYYHIU1981:214-215_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JISYYHIU1981:214-215-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span title="Arabic-language text"><i lang="ar-Latn">al-maʿād</i></span>—"the return", "the general term used by theologians for the entire process" of resurrection, judgement and consignment to heaven or hell.<sup id="cite_ref-JISYYHIU1981:214-215_9-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JISYYHIU1981:214-215-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span title="Arabic-language text"><i lang="ar-Latn">al-maḥshar</i></span>—the terror of the place of assembly;<sup id="cite_ref-JISYYHIU1981:75_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JISYYHIU1981:75-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span title="Arabic-language text"><i lang="ar-Latn">al-mawqūf</i></span>—the time of standing before God before being judged by God.<sup id="cite_ref-JISYYHIU1981:75_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JISYYHIU1981:75-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Similarities_to_the_Judgement_Day_of_Christianity">Similarities to the Judgement Day of Christianity</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judgement_Day_in_Islam&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Similarities to the Judgement Day of Christianity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Islamic_eschatology" title="Islamic eschatology">Islamic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Christian_eschatology" title="Christian eschatology">Christian eschatology</a> both have a "<a href="/wiki/Day_of_Resurrection" class="mw-redirect" title="Day of Resurrection">Day of Resurrection</a>" of the dead (<span title="Arabic-language text"><i lang="ar-Latn">yawm al-qiyāmah</i></span>), followed by a "Day of Judgement" (<span title="Arabic-language text"><i lang="ar-Latn">yawm ad-din</i></span>) where all human beings who have ever lived will be held accountable for their deeds by being judged by God. Depending on the verdict of the judgement, they will be sent for eternity to either the reward of paradise (<i><a href="/wiki/Jannah" title="Jannah">Jannah</a></i>) or the punishment of hell (<i><a href="/wiki/Jahannam" title="Jahannam">Jahannam</a></i>).<sup id="cite_ref-Ahmed_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ahmed-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some of the similarities between Christian and Islamic eschatology include: when exactly Judgement day will occur will be known only to God;<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it will be announced by a trumpet blast;<sup id="cite_ref-Amini-trumpet_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Amini-trumpet-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it will be preceded by strange and terrible events serving as portents; Jesus will return to earth (but in different roles); battles will be fought with an <a href="/wiki/Antichrist" title="Antichrist">Antichrist</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gog_and_Magog" title="Gog and Magog">Gog and Magog</a>; righteous believers will not be among the living when the world ends. </p><p>As in the <a href="/wiki/First_Epistle_of_John" title="First Epistle of John">First</a> and <a href="/wiki/Second_Epistle_of_John" title="Second Epistle of John">Second Epistle of John</a><sup id="cite_ref-1-2John_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1-2John-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of the <a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a>, an "<a href="/wiki/AntiChrist" class="mw-redirect" title="AntiChrist">Antichrist</a>" figure appears in Islam, known (in Islam) as (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">دجّال</span>) <span title="Arabic-language text"><i lang="ar-Latn">Al-Masīḥ ad-Dajjāl</i></span>, literally "Deceitful Messiah".<sup id="cite_ref-Farhang_Dajjal_2017_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Farhang_Dajjal_2017-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <span title="Arabic-language text"><i lang="ar-Latn">Dajjal</i></span>, like the Antichrist, performs miracles, or at least what appear to be miracles.<sup id="cite_ref-strangers-255_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-strangers-255-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (In Islam, the <span title="Arabic-language text"><i lang="ar-Latn">Dajjal</i></span> and many of his followers are prophesied to be killed by Jesus's breath,<sup id="cite_ref-strangers-257_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-strangers-257-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> just as in the second chapter of <a href="/wiki/2_Thessalonians" class="mw-redirect" title="2 Thessalonians">2 Thessalonians</a> it says "Jesus will destroy with the breath of his mouth, annihilating him by the manifestation of his coming", some unnamed "lawless" figure. <sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As in the Christian <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Revelation" title="Book of Revelation">Book of Revelation</a><sup id="cite_ref-stuckenbruck_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stuckenbruck-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (where they are to fight a "final battle with Christ and his saints"),<sup id="cite_ref-mounce_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mounce-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Gog_and_Magog" title="Gog and Magog">Gog and Magog</a>, will be released, after being imprisoned for thousands of years in a mountain, to wage war against the righteous.<sup id="cite_ref-strangers-258_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-strangers-258-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In an event somewhat similar to the <a href="/wiki/Rapture" title="Rapture">Rapture</a> concept in Christianity<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Note 4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>—where at some time near the end of the world all Christian believers disappear and are carried off to heaven—in Islam one of the very last signs of the imminent arrival of the end of the world will be a "pleasant"<sup id="cite_ref-Mahdi22_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mahdi22-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or "cold" wind,<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that brings a peaceful death to all Muslim believers,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> leaving only unbelievers alive to face the end of the world. Jesus (known in Islam as <a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Islam" title="Jesus in Islam">Isa</a>) will make a second coming in Islam, but not to preside over Last Judgement. Instead he will help another Islamic saviour figure ("The <a href="/wiki/Mahdi" title="Mahdi">Mahdi</a>"), crush evildoers and restore order and justice before the end of the world, including (according to some Islamic hadiths) correcting the erring ways of the world's Christians by converting them to Islam.<sup id="cite_ref-WARREN_LARSON_p._335_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WARREN_LARSON_p._335-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Muslims do not believe these matching prophecies about Judgement Day are a result of Islam <i>imitating</i> Christianity, but that the Abrahamic religions of Judaism, Christianity and Islam resemble each other because God's word has been sent by prophets throughout history to all three groups/religions, but that the first two garbled and corrupted his teachings and that only Teachings of Islam has not been corrupted.<sup id="cite_ref-IC-proof_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IC-proof-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-IW-disrespecting_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IW-disrespecting-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Events">Events</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judgement_Day_in_Islam&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Events"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The events prophesied for the day of resurrection and judgement "are numerous and presented in varying ways", but "a sequence of the events" for the day can be made based on both the many details "suggested by the Qur'an" and also on "the elaborations and additions provided as usual by the hadiths, the manuals, and the interpretations of theologians".<sup id="cite_ref-JISYYHIU1981:63_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JISYYHIU1981:63-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Four segments of end times in Islam can be presented: </p> <ol><li>the <a href="/wiki/Signs_of_the_coming_of_Judgement_Day" title="Signs of the coming of Judgement Day">signs/portents</a> of "The Hour" (<span title="Arabic-language text"><i lang="ar-Latn">as-sa’a</i></span>) and other events heralding the imminent end of the world;</li> <li>the soundings of the trumpet, the resurrection (<span title="Arabic-language text"><i lang="ar-Latn">qiyāma</i></span>) of the dead, and the gathering together of all living beings (<span title="Arabic-language text"><i lang="ar-Latn">ḥashr</i></span>);</li> <li>the reckoning (<span title="Arabic-language text"><i lang="ar-Latn">ḥisāb</i></span>) where the resurrected are judged;</li> <li>the preparation for final consignment to heaven or hell, the crossing of the bridge (<span title="Arabic-language text"><i lang="ar-Latn">ṣirāṭ</i></span>) that the damned fall off of to hell below, and the saved reach the other side, the possibility of intercession (<i><a href="/wiki/Shafa%27a" title="Shafa'a">shafā'a</a></i>) to save sinners from hell.</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Portents">Portents</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judgement_Day_in_Islam&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Portents"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Signs_of_the_coming_of_Judgement_Day" title="Signs of the coming of Judgement Day">Signs of the coming of Judgement Day</a></div> <p>Many verses of the <a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quran</a>, especially the earlier ones, are dominated by the idea of the nearing of the Day of Resurrection.<sup id="cite_ref-EoQ_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EoQ-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-EoI_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EoI-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Islam the signs of the coming of Judgement Day are described as "major"<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and "minor".<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Al-Masih_ad-Dajjal" title="Al-Masih ad-Dajjal">Al-Masih ad-Dajjal</a> will appear, deceiving the foolish and killing Muslims until killed by either the Mahdi or Jesus.<sup id="cite_ref-Farhang_2017_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Farhang_2017-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following him, two dangerous, evil tribes of subhumans with vast numbers called <a href="/wiki/Gog_and_Magog#Islamic_texts" title="Gog and Magog"><i>Yajooj</i> and <i>Majooj</i></a> will be released from where they have been imprisoned inside a mountain since Roman times.<sup id="cite_ref-strangers-258_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-strangers-258-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> And according to some narratives, a murderous tyrant called the <a href="/wiki/Sufyani" title="Sufyani">Sufyani</a> will spread corruption and mischief,<sup id="cite_ref-rising_of_as-Sufyani_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rising_of_as-Sufyani-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> killing women, children and descendants of Muhammad. To save believers from these horrors, the <a href="/wiki/Mahdi" title="Mahdi">Mahdi</a> will appear and <a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Islam" title="Jesus in Islam">Isa</a> bin Maryam (Jesus) will descend from heaven to assist him. The sun will rise from the west.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Note 5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A breeze will blow causing all believers to inhale it and die peacefully.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Note 6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48_signs_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48_signs-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Destruction_and_resurrection">Destruction and resurrection</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judgement_Day_in_Islam&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Destruction and resurrection"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Day of Resurrection" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Resurrection" title="Resurrection">Resurrection</a>.</div> <p>Following these portents, the Earth will be destroyed. (In surah <a href="/wiki/Al-Haqqa" title="Al-Haqqa">Al-Haqqah</a>) </p> <blockquote> <p>When the trumpet is blown with a single blast<br /> and the earth and the mountains are lifted up and crushed with a single blow,<br /> then, on that day, the terror shall come to pass,<br /> and heaven shall be split, for upon that day it shall be very frail. ... " </p><p> (Q.69:13–16)<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Note 7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-JISYYHIU1981:71_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JISYYHIU1981:71-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Verses from another surah (<a href="/wiki/At-Takwir" title="At-Takwir">At-Takwir</a>) describe </p> <blockquote> <p>When the sun shall be darkened<br /> When the stars shall be thrown down<br /> When the seas shall be set boiling<br /> When the souls shall be coupled, ...<br /> When the scrolls shall be unrolled<br /> When heavens shall be stripped off,<br /> When Hell shall be set blazing,<br /> When Paradise shall be brought nigh<br /> Then shall a soul know what it has produced. </p><p> (Q.81:1,2,6,7,10-14)<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Note 8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-JISYYHIU1981:71_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JISYYHIU1981:71-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>A second trumpet blast will signal a "final cataclysm" (<span title="Arabic-language text"><i lang="ar-Latn">fanāʼ</i></span>), the extinction of all living creatures – even the <a href="/wiki/Azrael#Significance_in_Islam" title="Azrael">angel of death</a> himself – save God.<sup id="cite_ref-JISYYHIU1981:71_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JISYYHIU1981:71-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> God will then ask three times, "'To whom belongs the Kingdom this day?' No one answers Him so He answers Himself, saying, 'To God who is one alone, victorious!'"<sup id="cite_ref-Durra-39_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Durra-39-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Numerous Qur'ānic mentions that every soul will taste death during "the hour" are thought to underscore the absolute power and <i><a href="/wiki/Taw%E1%B8%A5%C4%ABd" class="mw-redirect" title="Tawḥīd">tawḥīd</a></i> of God while the resurrection of life demonstrates "His justice and mercy".<sup id="cite_ref-JISYYHIU1981:72_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JISYYHIU1981:72-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The time between annihilation of all life and its resurrection is both "beyond all human time constructs" and generally estimated by many commentators to be forty years.<sup id="cite_ref-JISYYHIU1981:72_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JISYYHIU1981:72-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dt>Resurrection</dt></dl> <p>The Afterlife will commence with a trumpet blast (different sources give different numbers of trumpet blasts),<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Note 9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> signaling the "Day of the Arising", according to the classical Islamic scholar and theologian <a href="/wiki/Al-Ghazali" title="Al-Ghazali">al-Ghazali</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The sounding of the trumpet is mentioned at least two times in the Qur'ān, but "the Qur'an itself does not make explicit the chronology involved with the blowing(s) of the horn"<sup id="cite_ref-JISYYHIU1981:73_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JISYYHIU1981:73-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and "it has been for the followers of the Prophet to determine for themselves the exact sequence of events after that."<sup id="cite_ref-JISYYHIU1981:71_11-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JISYYHIU1981:71-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <blockquote><p>Know that Isrāfīl is the master of the horn [<span title="Arabic-language text"><i lang="ar-Latn">al-qarn</i></span>]. God created the preserved tablet [<span title="Arabic-language text"><i lang="ar-Latn">al-lawḥ al-maḥfuz</i></span>] of white pearl. Its length is seven times the distance between the heaven and the earth and it is connected to the Throne. All that exists until the day of resurrection is written on it. Isrāfīl has four wings—one in the East, one in the West, one covering his legs and one shielding his head and face in fear of God. His head is inclined toward the Throne .... No angel is nearer to the throne than Isrāfīl. Seven veils are between him and the Throne, each veil five hundred years distance from the next ...<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>This will wake the dead from their graves. Bodies will be resurrected and reunited with their spirits to form "whole, cognizant, and responsible persons".<sup id="cite_ref-JISYYHIU1981:64_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JISYYHIU1981:64-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first to arise will be the members of the Muslim community, according to "an often-quoted saying" of Muhammad, but will be "subdivided into categories" based on their sins while on earth. The classification of the resurrected into groups comes from "certain narratives" about Judgement Day that "suggest" the grouping, and are based on "a number of scattered verses in the Qur'an indicating the woeful condition" of resurrected sinners.<sup id="cite_ref-JISYYHIU1981:74_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JISYYHIU1981:74-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the time between resurrection and judgement will be an agonizing wait (Q.21:103, Q.37:20) at the place of assembly [<span title="Arabic-language text"><i lang="ar-Latn">al-maḥshar</i></span>], or the time of standing before God [<span title="Arabic-language text"><i lang="ar-Latn">al-mawqūf</i></span>], giving sinners "ample opportunity to contemplate the imminent recompense for his past faults" (just as sinners suffer in the grave before Resurrection Day).<sup id="cite_ref-JISYYHIU1981:75_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JISYYHIU1981:75-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The resurrected will gather for "The Perspiration"<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> — a time when all created beings, including men, angels, <a href="/wiki/Jinn" title="Jinn">jinn</a>, devils and animals will sweat, unshaded from the sun, awaiting their fate.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sinners and nonbelievers will suffer and sweat longer on this day, which some say will last for "50,000 years" (based on Q.70:4) and others only 1000 (based on Q.32:5).<sup id="cite_ref-JISYYHIU1981:75_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JISYYHIU1981:75-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Judgment">Judgment</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judgement_Day_in_Islam&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Judgment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The final judgment (Reckoning, <span title="Arabic-language text"><i lang="ar-Latn">ḥisāb</i></span>) where God judges each soul for their lives lived on earth,<sup id="cite_ref-quran_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-quran-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> will be "carried out with absolute justice" accepting no excuses, and examine every act and intention—no matter how small,<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but "through the prerogative of God's merciful will".<sup id="cite_ref-JISYYHIU1981:64_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JISYYHIU1981:64-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Quran verses in Al-Haqqah (surah 69) are thought to refer to the reckoning on Judgement Day: </p> <blockquote> <p>As for the one who is given his book in his right hand, he will say: Take and read my book.<br /> I knew that I would be called to account.<br /> And he will be in a blissful condition (Q.69:19–21) ....<br /> But as for him who is given his book in his left hand, he will say: Would that my book had not been given to me <br /> and that I did not know my reckoning! (Q.69:25-26) ... <br /> [And it will be said] Seize him and bind him and expose<br /> </p><p> him to the burning Fire!(Q.69:30-31)<sup id="cite_ref-JISYYHIU1981:76_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JISYYHIU1981:76-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>"The book" is thought to refer to an account each person has, chronicling the deeds of their life, good and bad.<sup id="cite_ref-JISYYHIU1981:76_55-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JISYYHIU1981:76-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Commentators reports "affirm" that each day in a person's life, "one or two angels" begin a new page, inscribing deeds, and that upon completion, the pages are assembled "in some fashion ... into a full scroll or record".<sup id="cite_ref-JISYYHIU1981:76_55-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JISYYHIU1981:76-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On Judgement Day the book is presented to the right hand of the resurrected person if they are going to Jannah, and left if they are to be sent to "the burning fire".<sup id="cite_ref-JISYYHIU1981:76_55-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JISYYHIU1981:76-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another version of how the resurrected are judged ("particular elements that make up the occasion of the reckoning" in the Quran are not ordered or grouped and are called "modalities of judgement")<sup id="cite_ref-JISYYHIU1981:77_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JISYYHIU1981:77-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> involves several references in the Quran to <span title="Arabic-language text"><i lang="ar-Latn">mīzān</i></span> (balance), which some commentators believe refers to a way of balancing the weight of an individual's good deeds and bad on Judgement day, to see which is heavier, as the occurrence stated in <span title="Arabic-language text"><i lang="ar-Latn">Kitāb aḥwāl al-qiyāma</i></span>, which will span in fifty thousand years.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It is believed those whose good deeds outweigh their bad will be assigned to <i>Jannah</i> (heaven), and those whose bad deeds outweigh the good, <i>Jahannam</i> (hell).<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> How much weight is given to internal and how much to external <i><a href="/wiki/Imam" title="Imam">imam</a></i>, how much to piety and how much to obedience to Islamic law (the two being intertwined, of course), in the tabulation of good deeds and earning salvation, varies according to the interpretation of scholars.<sup id="cite_ref-JISYYHIU1981:79_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JISYYHIU1981:79-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In one manual (<span title="Arabic-language text"><i lang="ar-Latn">Kitāb aḥwāl al-qiyāma</i></span>), hopeful humans are questioned about their behaviour not before they head on the path/bridge (<span title="Arabic-language text"><i lang="ar-Latn">aṣ-ṣirāṭ</i></span>; see below) to heaven, but during. As they walk the bridge, said to have seven arches, "each 3,000 years in length"; they are interrogated at each arch about a specific religious duty prescribed by the shari'a -- their <a href="/wiki/Iman_(Islam)" title="Iman (Islam)">īmān</a>, their prayer <i><a href="/wiki/%E1%B9%A2al%C4%81t" class="mw-redirect" title="Ṣalāt">ṣalāt</a></i>, almsgiving <i><a href="/wiki/Zak%C4%81t" class="mw-redirect" title="Zakāt">zakāt</a></i>, pilgrimage <i><a href="/wiki/%E1%B8%A4ajj" class="mw-redirect" title="Ḥajj">ḥajj</a></i>, ritual washings <i><a href="/wiki/Wudu" title="Wudu">wudū'</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Ghusl" title="Ghusl">ghusl</a></i>, and responsibility to their relatives", respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-JISYYHIU1981:79_60-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JISYYHIU1981:79-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While there is no <a href="/wiki/Original_Sin" class="mw-redirect" title="Original Sin">Original Sin</a> in Islam, the Quran does mention the many inherent flaws in the personalities of human beings – weakness, greed, stinginess, pride, etc. <sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Note 10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>What the common order is of Judgement Day at this point is unclear based on hadith as they disagree on the way God reveals to "the various categories of individuals what their fate is to be".<sup id="cite_ref-JISYYHIU1981:76_55-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JISYYHIU1981:76-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are special conditions to those who did not receive teachings of Islam during their life accordingly, the people of the period are judged differently on the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_eschatology" title="Islamic eschatology">Day of Judgement</a>. There is a difference of opinion between scholars of Islam on their afterlife. The rationalist <a href="/wiki/Mu%CA%BFtazila" class="mw-redirect" title="Muʿtazila">Mu'tazilites</a> believed that every accountable person (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">مكلف</span>, <i><span title="American Library Association – Library of Congress transliteration"><i lang="ar-Latn">mukallaf</i></span></i>) must reject polytheism and idolatry and believe in an All-Powerful God. Failure to meet these requirements would result in eternal punishment. </p><p>On the other hand, the <a href="/wiki/Ash%27ari" class="mw-redirect" title="Ash'ari">Ash'aris</a> believed that those who did not receive the message would be forgiven, even idolaters. Their premise was that good and evil is based upon revelation; in other words, good and evil are defined by God. Therefore, in the absence of revelation, they cannot be held accountable.<sup id="cite_ref-qadhi_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-qadhi-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Al-Ghazali" title="Al-Ghazali">Abu Hamid al-Ghazali</a> categorized non-Muslims into three categories: </p> <ul><li>1. People who never heard of the message, who live in far away lands, such as the Byzantines ("Romans"). These will be forgiven.</li> <li>2. People who were exposed to a distorted understanding of Islam and have no recourse to correct that information. These too will be forgiven.</li> <li>3. People who heard of Islam because they live in neighboring lands and mix with Muslims. These have no hope of salvation.<sup id="cite_ref-qadhi_63-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-qadhi-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>He also wrote about non-Muslims who have heard a distorted message: "The name of Muhammad has indeed reached their ears, but they do not know his true description and his character. Instead, they heard from the time they were young that a deceitful liar named Muhammad claimed to be a prophet. As far as I am concerned, such people are [excused] like those who the call of Islam has not reached, for while they have heard of the Prophet’s name, they heard the opposite of his true qualities. And hearing such things would never arouse one’s desire to find out who he was."<sup id="cite_ref-tmv_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tmv-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Al-Nawawi" title="Al-Nawawi">Imam Nawawi</a> said in his commentary Sharh Sahih Muslim that those who are born into idolatrous families and die without a message reaching them are granted paradise based upon the Qur'anic verse <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A2002.02.0006%3Asura%3D17%3Averse%3D15">17:15</a>: <i>"We do not punish a people until a messenger comes to them."</i>. According to ibn Taymiyyah, these people who did not receive the message in this world will be tested in the afterlife, or <a href="/wiki/Barzakh" title="Barzakh">Barzakh</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-qadhi_63-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-qadhi-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This view also shared and accepted by <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Qayyim_al-Jawziyya" title="Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya">Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abu_Hasan_al-Ash%27ari" title="Abu Hasan al-Ash'ari">Abu Hasan al-Ash'ari</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Kathir" title="Ibn Kathir">Ibn Kathir</a>, as they all based this ruling according to Hadith about the fates of four kinds of peoples: </p> <ol><li>Those who never received the call or teaching to Islam during their life</li> <li>Those who suffered deafness before the teaching of Islam reached them</li> <li>Those with mental illness and severe insanity (in another Hadith with similar narration also those with mental deficiency or low intelligence disabilities which prevent them to understand Islam properly)</li> <li>Those who had suffered senility or <a href="/wiki/Dementia" title="Dementia">dementia</a> when the words of Islam reached him.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Notes 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ol> <p>According to Ibn Qayyim, Ibn Taymiyya, and other Islamic scholars who agreed on this Hadiths, this means those four type of peoples would be further examined by Allah in <a href="/wiki/Barzakh" title="Barzakh">Barzakh</a>, where these four type of person will be tested in the state where their senses and their minds in perfect condition, so they can understand they are being tested examined by God.<sup id="cite_ref-Those_who_will_be_tested_on_the_Day_of_Resurrection_67-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Those_who_will_be_tested_on_the_Day_of_Resurrection-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Whoever_the_call_did_not_reach,_due_to_a_disability_such_as_deafness,_will_be_examined_on_the_Day_of_Resurrection,_and_those_of_them_whom_it_reached_were_not_examined._66-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Whoever_the_call_did_not_reach,_due_to_a_disability_such_as_deafness,_will_be_examined_on_the_Day_of_Resurrection,_and_those_of_them_whom_it_reached_were_not_examined.-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Nasiruddin_al-Albani" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Nasiruddin al-Albani">Muhammad Nasiruddin al-Albani</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Salafi" class="mw-redirect" title="Salafi">Salafi</a> scholar, stated on this matter: “The term Ahl al-Fatrah refers to everyone whom the dawah (message of Islam) has not reached in a correct manner as it came in the Shariah… Such people will not be punished on the Day of Judgement [for their disbelief in this world]. It is quite possible for People of the Interval to exist in every time period, whether before [the revelation of the final message of] Islam or after. The message has to have reached them in its pristine purity, without any distortions. In cases where the dawah reaches people in a mutilated form in which its essential components; its fundamental principles of belief, have been substituted, I am the first to say that the dawah has not reached them.” <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="Needs a citation (March 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_crossing_of_the_Bridge">The crossing of the Bridge</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judgement_Day_in_Islam&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: The crossing of the Bridge"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/As-Sir%C4%81t" title="As-Sirāt">As-Sirāt</a></div> <p>The saved and the damned now being clearly distinguished, the souls will traverse over hellfire<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> via the bridge of <a href="/wiki/As-Sir%C4%81t" title="As-Sirāt">sirat</a>. This story is based on verses in the Quran (Q.36:66, Q.37:23–24), both of which "are rather indefinite". Only Q.37:23–24 mentioning hell in the form of <span title="Arabic-language text"><i lang="ar-Latn">al-jahīm</i></span> with <span title="Arabic-language text"><i lang="ar-Latn">ṣirāṭ</i></span> at least sometimes being translated as 'path' rather than 'bridge'.<sup id="cite_ref-JISYYHIU1981:78_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JISYYHIU1981:78-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <blockquote> <p>˹They will be told,˺ "This is the Day of ˹Final˺ Decision which you used to deny."<br /> ˹Allah will say to the angels,˺ "Gather ˹all˺ the wrongdoers along with their peers, and whatever they used to worship<br /> instead of Allah, then lead them ˹all˺ to the path of Hell [<span title="Arabic-language text"><i lang="ar-Latn">ṣirāṭ al-jahīm</i></span>].<br /> And detain them, for they must be questioned."<br /> ˹Then they will be asked,˺ "What is the matter with you that you can no longer help each other?"<br /> </p><p> (Q.37:21–25)<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p><span title="Arabic-language text"><i lang="ar-Latn">ṣirāṭ al-jahīm</i></span> "was adopted into Islamic tradition to signify the span over <i><a href="/wiki/Jahannam" title="Jahannam">jahannam</a></i>, the top layer of the Fire".<sup id="cite_ref-JISYYHIU1981:78_70-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JISYYHIU1981:78-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Note 11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Muhammad leading the Muslim Ummah will be first across the bridge.<sup id="cite_ref-JISYYHIU1981:80_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JISYYHIU1981:80-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For sinners, the bridge will be thinner than hair and sharper than the sharpest sword, impossible to walk on without falling below to arrive at their fiery destination,<sup id="cite_ref-Leviton_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Leviton-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while the righteous will proceed across the bridge to paradise (<i><a href="/wiki/Jannah" title="Jannah">Jannah</a></i>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Intercession">Intercession</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judgement_Day_in_Islam&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Intercession"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Shafa%27a" title="Shafa'a">Shafa'a</a></div> <p>Not everyone consigned to hell will remain there. Somewhat like the Catholic concept of <a href="/wiki/Purgatory" title="Purgatory">purgatory</a>, sinful Muslim will stay in hell until purified of their sins. According to the scholar Al-Subki (and others), "God will take out of the Fire everyone who has said the testimony" (i.e. the <span title="Arabic-language text"><i lang="ar-Latn">shāhada</i></span> testimony made by all Muslims, "There is no God but <a href="/wiki/God_in_Islam" title="God in Islam">God</a>, Muhammad is his prophet")<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "all but the <i><a href="/wiki/Kafir" title="Kafir">mushrikun</a></i>, those who have committed the worst sin of impugning the <i><a href="/wiki/Taw%E1%B8%A5%C4%ABd" class="mw-redirect" title="Tawḥīd">tawḥīd</a></i> of God, have the possibility of being saved."<sup id="cite_ref-JISYYHIU1981:81_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JISYYHIU1981:81-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The possibility of intercession on behalf of sinners (<i><a href="/wiki/Shafa%27a" title="Shafa'a">shafaʿa</a></i>) on Judgement Day to save them from hellfire, is a "major theme" in the eschatological expectations of the Muslim community and in stories told about the events of Judgement Day.<sup id="cite_ref-JISYYHIU1981:25_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JISYYHIU1981:25-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While Quran "is both generally and clearly negative" in regard to the possibility of intercession on behalf of sinners (<i><a href="/wiki/Shafa%27a" title="Shafa'a">shafaʿa</a></i>) on the last day" to save them from hellfire, <sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Note 12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (the idea being every individual must take responsibility for their own deeds and acts of faith). In the 20+ occurrences of <span title="Arabic-language text"><i lang="ar-Latn">shafa'a</i></span> in the Quran none mention Muhammad or the office of prophethood. However this principle was "modified in the ensuing understanding of the community, and the Prophet <a href="/wiki/Mu%E1%B8%A5ammad" class="mw-redirect" title="Muḥammad">Muḥammad</a> was invested with the function of intervening on behalf of the Muslims on the day of judgement".<sup id="cite_ref-JISYYHIU1981:80_74-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JISYYHIU1981:80-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Verse Q.43:86 authorizes "true witnesses" to grant intercession, and in this category "has been found for the inclusion" of Muhammad "as an intercessor for the Muslim community.<sup id="cite_ref-JISYYHIU1981:26_79-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JISYYHIU1981:26-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>"One of the most popular and often-cited" stories about Muḥammad as intercessor ("validating" his ability to intercede) revolves around sinners turning to him after being turned down for intercession by all the other prophets. In <span title="Arabic-language text"><i lang="ar-Latn">al-Durra</i></span> by al-Ghazali, this happens "between the two soundings of the trumpet".<sup id="cite_ref-Durra-59_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Durra-59-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another story found in <span title="Arabic-language text"><i lang="ar-Latn">Kitāb aḥwāl al-qiyāma</i></span> relates </p> <blockquote><p>[The Prophet Muḥammad] will come with the prophets and will bring out from the Fire all who used to say "There is no God but God and Muḥammad is the Messenger of God. ... " He will then bring them out all together, charred from the Fire having eaten at them. Then he will hurry with them to a river near the gate of the Garden, called [the river of] life. There they will bathe and emerge from it as beardless youths, with kohled eyes and faces like the moon.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Paradise_and_Hellfire">Paradise and Hellfire</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judgement_Day_in_Islam&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Paradise and Hellfire"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The "events" of "the judgement process" are concluded with the arrival of resurrected at their final "abode of recompense": either paradise for the saved or hell for the damned.<sup id="cite_ref-JISYYHIU1981:26_79-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JISYYHIU1981:26-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Quran describes habitation within the abodes in "exquisite detail",<sup id="cite_ref-JISYYHIU1981:vii_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JISYYHIU1981:vii-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while "a wealth of picturesque specifics" (their shapes, structures, etc.) are elaborated on by hadith and other Islamic literature. Much of Islamic cosmology comes from "earlier world views" (the circles of damnation, seven layers of heaven above the earth, fires of purgation below of Mesopotamian and/or Jewish belief) with Quranic verses interpreted to harmonize with these.<sup id="cite_ref-JISYYHIU1981:9_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JISYYHIU1981:9-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While critics have charged that the concept of <a href="/wiki/Islamic_view_of_death" title="Islamic view of death">afterlife in Islam</a> is "very materialistic", the afterlife punishment of hell and pleasure of heaven are all not only physical, but psychic and spiritual.<sup id="cite_ref-Britannica-Eschatology_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britannica-Eschatology-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their characteristics having matching features or direct parallels with each other. The pleasure and delights of <i>Jannah</i> described in the <a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quran</a>, are matched by the excruciating pain and horror of <i><a href="/wiki/Jahannam" title="Jahannam">Jahannam</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-ETISN2009:405_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ETISN2009:405-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-JISYYHIU1981:86_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JISYYHIU1981:86-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both are commonly believed to have seven levels, in both cases, the higher the level, the more desirable<sup id="cite_ref-Lange-2016_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lange-2016-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 131">: 131 </span></sup>—in <i>Jannah</i> the higher the prestige and pleasure, in <i>Jahannam</i> the less the suffering.<sup id="cite_ref-RFIBA_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RFIBA-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both feature prominent trees – the <a href="/wiki/Zaqqum" title="Zaqqum">Zaqqum</a> tree of hell opposite the <a href="/wiki/Sidrat_al-Muntaha" title="Sidrat al-Muntaha">lote tree</a> of paradise. The common belief among Muslims holds that both abodes coexists with the temporal world,<sup id="cite_ref-Islamic_Traditions_p._12_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Islamic_Traditions_p._12-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> rather than being created after Judgement Day. </p> <dl><dt>Paradise</dt></dl> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Jannah" title="Jannah">Jannah</a></div> <p>Paradise, <i>Jannah</i> (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">جَنّة</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Arabic" title="Romanization of Arabic">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">janna</i></span>, or 'the garden'),<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> is the final abode of the righteous.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jannah is described with physical pleasures such as gardens, rivers, fountains; lovely <a href="/wiki/Houri" title="Houri">houris</a> that no man has touched before, wine that does not make drunk, and "divine pleasure".<sup id="cite_ref-Britannica-Eschatology_84-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britannica-Eschatology-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their reward of pleasure will vary according to the righteousness of the person.<sup id="cite_ref-idiot_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-idiot-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceB_92-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dt>Hellfire</dt></dl> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Jahannam" title="Jahannam">Jahannam</a></div> <p>Punishment and suffering in hell in mainstream Islam varies according to the <a href="/wiki/Sin_in_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Sin in Islam">sins</a> of the condemned person.<sup id="cite_ref-idiot_91-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-idiot-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceB_92-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is commonly believed by Muslims that confinement to hell is temporary for Muslims but not for others.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_93-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-IQA200252_94-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IQA200252-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Note 13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hell is described physically in different ways by different sources of Islamic literature. It is enormous in size,<sup id="cite_ref-discover_97-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-discover-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-500-years_98-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-500-years-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CLLHiIT2016:14_99-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CLLHiIT2016:14-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and located below heaven.<sup id="cite_ref-AYAli-7:50_100-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AYAli-7:50-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Different sources give different descriptions of its structure. There are seven levels<sup id="cite_ref-RFIBA_88-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RFIBA-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but it is also said to be a huge pit over which the bridge of <a href="/wiki/As-Sir%C4%81t" title="As-Sirāt">As-Sirāt</a> crosses;<sup id="cite_ref-Bukhārī_p.12_101-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bukhārī_p.12-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to have mountains, rivers, valleys and "even oceans" filled with disgusting fluids;<sup id="cite_ref-CLLHiIT2016:15_102-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CLLHiIT2016:15-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and also to be able to walk (controlled by reins),<sup id="cite_ref-reins-Qurtubi_103-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reins-Qurtubi-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and ask questions,<sup id="cite_ref-qaf-50:30-AYAli_104-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-qaf-50:30-AYAli-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> much like a sentient being. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literal_or_figurative_interpretation">Literal or figurative interpretation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judgement_Day_in_Islam&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Literal or figurative interpretation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>While early Muslims debated whether scripture on Judgement day should be interpreted literally or figuratively, the school of thought that prevailed (<a href="/wiki/Ash%27ari" class="mw-redirect" title="Ash'ari">Ashʿarī</a>) "affirmed that such things as" connected with Judgement day as "the individual records of deeds (including the paper, pen, and ink with which they are inscribed), the bridge, the balance, and the pond" are "realities", and "to be understood in a concrete and literal sense."<sup id="cite_ref-JISYYHIU1981:65_105-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JISYYHIU1981:65-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Regarding heaven and hell, today, "the vast majority of believers", (according to Smith and Haddad), understand verses of the Quran on Jannah (and hellfire) "to be real and specific, anticipating them" with joy or terror,<sup id="cite_ref-JISYYHIU1981:84_106-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JISYYHIU1981:84-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although this view "has generally not insisted that the realities of the next world will be identical with those of this world".<sup id="cite_ref-JISYYHIU1981:84_106-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JISYYHIU1981:84-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the other hand, since "the time and chronology are less important than the ultimate significance of resurrection and judgement "as a whole", the point of stories of Judgement day in the eschatological manuals is to be "didactic" not accurate,<sup id="cite_ref-JISYYHIU1981:75_12-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JISYYHIU1981:75-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> i.e. to raise awareness of "the threat and promise" of the message of Islam even if most of the story is based not on the verses of the Quran but on the author's imagination. The eschatological manual <span title="Arabic-language text"><i lang="ar-Latn">Kitāb aḥwāl al-qiyāma</i></span>, for example, describes the Fire/Hell terrifyingly but implausibly as having "four legs (between each leg 1000 years), thirty heads with 30,000 mouths each, lips like 1000 mountains, and so on".<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judgement_Day_in_Islam&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_eschatology" title="Islamic eschatology">Islamic eschatology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Signs_of_the_coming_of_Judgement_Day" title="Signs of the coming of Judgement Day">Signs of the coming of Judgement Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jannah" title="Jannah">Jannah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jahannam" title="Jahannam">Jahannam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Final_Judgement" class="mw-redirect" title="Final Judgement">Final Judgement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eschatology" title="Eschatology">Eschatology</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judgement_Day_in_Islam&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judgement_Day_in_Islam&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">This Hadiths were narrated with the chains of narration ended in by <a href="/wiki/Abu_Hurayra" title="Abu Hurayra">Abu Hurairah</a> and Al-Aswad bin Sari and graded as hasan (sound) hadith according to <a href="/wiki/Shuaib_Al_Arna%27ut" class="mw-redirect" title="Shuaib Al Arna'ut">Shuaib Al Arna'ut</a>, while <a href="/wiki/Ahmad_ibn_Hanbal" title="Ahmad ibn Hanbal">Ahmad ibn Hanbal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Al-Albani" title="Al-Albani">Al-Albani</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Al-Tabarani" title="Al-Tabarani">Al-Tabarani</a> grade it as Saheeh.<sup id="cite_ref-KonsultasiSyariah_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KonsultasiSyariah-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Whoever_the_call_did_not_reach,_due_to_a_disability_such_as_deafness,_will_be_examined_on_the_Day_of_Resurrection,_and_those_of_them_whom_it_reached_were_not_examined._66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Whoever_the_call_did_not_reach,_due_to_a_disability_such_as_deafness,_will_be_examined_on_the_Day_of_Resurrection,_and_those_of_them_whom_it_reached_were_not_examined.-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Meanwhile, another Hadith with similar narration from <a href="/wiki/Anas_ibn_Malik" title="Anas ibn Malik">Anas ibn Malik</a> also used for this ruling.<sup id="cite_ref-Those_who_will_be_tested_on_the_Day_of_Resurrection_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Those_who_will_be_tested_on_the_Day_of_Resurrection-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> "as it is presented in the context" of monotheism</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">from translation of the corresponding article in Arabic </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">from translation of the corresponding article in Arabic </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(A version of the Rapture occurring <a href="/wiki/Left_Behind_(novel)#Major_themes" title="Left Behind (novel)">in end times</a>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sahih Muslim</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sahih Muslim, Book 001: 0273</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(Arberry translation) see also Q.39:68</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(Arberry translation)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <ul><li>one trumpet blast Q.69:13</li> <li>two blasts in Q.39:68,</li> <li>"some eschatological manuals" expand this to three (a belief also expressed in some Jewish traditions).<sup id="cite_ref-JISYYHIU1981:71_11-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JISYYHIU1981:71-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> the Qur'an itself "does not make explicit the chronology" involved with the blowing(s) of the horn" and "the traditions do not present a consistent picture"; but "The general understanding seems to be" that Isrāfīl will be the first of creation to be resurrected and he will give the blast that brings the dead back to life.<sup id="cite_ref-JISYYHIU1981:73_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JISYYHIU1981:73-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <ul><li>God created man in the best of molds (Q.15:4), yet</li> <li>Man has been created weak, (Q.4:28. Q.90:4);</li> <li>Truly man is ungrateful to his Lord, and he bears witness to that; (Q.100:6–7);</li> <li>Even though humankind has been given authority in the earth and provided with every means for life's fulfillment, thanks are not rendered (Q.7:10);</li> <li>As well as being ungrateful, he is also impatient, fretful, and stingy (Q.70:19–21);</li> <li>greedy (Q.74:15);</li> <li>violent in his pursuit of wealth (Q.100:8);</li> <li>Full of pride and self-conceit, he forgets that his position and all things afforded to him are by the grace of God and in rebelling against God thinks of himself as self-sufficient (Q.96:6–7).<sup id="cite_ref-JISYYHIU1981:15_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JISYYHIU1981:15-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"The idea of a bridge crossing to the underworld has found expression in a number of different religious traditions"<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Quran mentions <i><a href="/wiki/Shafa%27a" title="Shafa'a">shafaʿa</a></i> in some form 29 times. Some examples are: <ul><li>"Protect yourselves against a day when no soul will be able to recompense another in any way and no intercession will be accepted ... (Q.2:48);</li> <li>"Warn those who fear that they will be gathered to their Lord; there will be for them no friend and no intercessor aside from Him ... (Q.6:51).<sup id="cite_ref-JISYYHIU1981:26_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JISYYHIU1981:26-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"One should note there was a near consensus among Muslim theologians of the later periods that punishment for Muslim grave sinners would only be temporary; eventually after a purgatory sojourn in hell's top layer they would be admitted into paradise."<sup id="cite_ref-CLLHiIT2016:7_95-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CLLHiIT2016:7-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judgement_Day_in_Islam&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Taylor-1968-59-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Taylor-1968-59_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFTaylor1968" class="citation journal cs1">Taylor, John B. (October 1968). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jstor.com/stable/20000089">"Some Aspects of Islamic Eschatology"</a>. <i>Religious Studies</i>. <b>4</b> (1): 59. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0034412500003395">10.1017/S0034412500003395</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:155073079">155073079</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Religious+Studies&rft.atitle=Some+Aspects+of+Islamic+Eschatology&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=59&rft.date=1968-10&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0034412500003395&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A155073079%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=John+B.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.com%2Fstable%2F20000089&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudgement+Day+in+Islam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JISYYHIU1981:63-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-JISYYHIU1981:63_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JISYYHIU1981:63_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JISYYHIU1981:63_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#JISYYHIU1981">Smith & Haddad, <i>Islamic Understanding</i>, 1981</a>: p.63</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JISYYHIU1981:64-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-JISYYHIU1981:64_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JISYYHIU1981:64_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JISYYHIU1981:64_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#JISYYHIU1981">Smith & Haddad, <i>Islamic Understanding</i>, 1981</a>: p.64</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JISYYHIU1981:vii-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-JISYYHIU1981:vii_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JISYYHIU1981:vii_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#JISYYHIU1981">Smith & Haddad, <i>Islamic Understanding</i>, 1981</a>: p.vii</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Siddiqui-2014-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Siddiqui-2014_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Siddiqui-2014_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Siddiqui-2014_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Siddiqui-2014_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Siddiqui-2014_6-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Siddiqui-2014_6-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Siddiqui-2014_6-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Siddiqui-2014_6-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Siddiqui-2014_6-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Siddiqui-2014_6-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Siddiqui-2014_6-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Siddiqui-2014_6-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Siddiqui-2014_6-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSiddiqui2014" class="citation web cs1">Siddiqui, Abdur Rashid (25 November 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.alukah.net/Shariah/0/4877/">"Akhirah (The Hereafter)"</a>. <i>Alukah</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Alukah&rft.atitle=Akhirah+%28The+Hereafter%29&rft.date=2014-11-25&rft.aulast=Siddiqui&rft.aufirst=Abdur+Rashid&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.alukah.net%2FShariah%2F0%2F4877%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudgement+Day+in+Islam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GCSE-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-GCSE_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GCSE_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/ztyvxfr/revision/2#:~:text=Muslims%20believe%20that%20on%20a,will%20face%20judgement%20by%20Allah.">"Afterlife (akhirah)"</a>. <i>BBC. GCSE WJEC</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC.+GCSE+WJEC&rft.atitle=Afterlife+%28akhirah%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fbitesize%2Fguides%2Fztyvxfr%2Frevision%2F2%23%3A~%3Atext%3DMuslims%2520believe%2520that%2520on%2520a%2Cwill%2520face%2520judgement%2520by%2520Allah.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudgement+Day+in+Islam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JISYYHIU1981:214-215-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-JISYYHIU1981:214-215_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JISYYHIU1981:214-215_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JISYYHIU1981:214-215_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JISYYHIU1981:214-215_9-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JISYYHIU1981:214-215_9-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#JISYYHIU1981">Smith & Haddad, <i>Islamic Understanding</i>, 1981</a>: p.214-215, note 26</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JISYYHIU1981:71-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-JISYYHIU1981:71_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JISYYHIU1981:71_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JISYYHIU1981:71_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JISYYHIU1981:71_11-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JISYYHIU1981:71_11-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JISYYHIU1981:71_11-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#JISYYHIU1981">Smith & Haddad, <i>Islamic Understanding</i>, 1981</a>: p.71</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JISYYHIU1981:75-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-JISYYHIU1981:75_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JISYYHIU1981:75_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JISYYHIU1981:75_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JISYYHIU1981:75_12-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JISYYHIU1981:75_12-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#JISYYHIU1981">Smith & Haddad, <i>Islamic Understanding</i>, 1981</a>: p.75</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ahmed-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ahmed_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAhmed" class="citation journal cs1">Ahmed, Jafor. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/3716864">"Similarities and Dissimilarities between Islam and Christianity"</a>. <i>Academia</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Academia&rft.atitle=Similarities+and+Dissimilarities+between+Islam+and+Christianity&rft.aulast=Ahmed&rft.aufirst=Jafor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F3716864&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudgement+Day+in+Islam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"People will ask you about the Hour. Say, Knowledge of it is only with God ... " [Q.33:63]. quoted in <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="JISYYHIU1981" class="citation book cs1">Smith, Jane I.; Haddad, Yvonne Y. (1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vdoc.pub/download/the-islamic-understanding-of-death-and-resurrection-1fa354cla15g"><i>The Islamic Understanding of Death and Resurrection</i></a>. Albany, NY: SUNY Press. p. 65.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Islamic+Understanding+of+Death+and+Resurrection&rft.place=Albany%2C+NY&rft.pages=65&rft.pub=SUNY+Press&rft.date=1981&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Jane+I.&rft.au=Haddad%2C+Yvonne+Y.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvdoc.pub%2Fdownload%2Fthe-islamic-understanding-of-death-and-resurrection-1fa354cla15g&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudgement+Day+in+Islam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Amini-trumpet-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Amini-trumpet_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmini2015" class="citation book cs1">Amini, Ibrahim (13 January 2015). "Signs of Judgement Day, Blowing of the Trumpet". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.al-islam.org/resurrection-maad-quran-ibrahim-amini/signs-judgment-day"><i>Resurrection in the Quran</i></a>. Al-Islam.org<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Signs+of+Judgement+Day%2C+Blowing+of+the+Trumpet&rft.btitle=Resurrection+in+the+Quran&rft.pub=Al-Islam.org&rft.date=2015-01-13&rft.aulast=Amini&rft.aufirst=Ibrahim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.al-islam.org%2Fresurrection-maad-quran-ibrahim-amini%2Fsigns-judgment-day&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudgement+Day+in+Islam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-1-2John-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1-2John_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/First_Epistle_of_John" title="First Epistle of John">1 John</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=1%20John%202:18–22&version=nrsv">2:18–22</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=1%20John%204:1–6&version=nrsv">4:1–6</a>. <a href="/wiki/Second_Epistle_of_John" title="Second Epistle of John">2 John</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=2%20John%201:7–11&version=nrsv">1:7–11</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Farhang_Dajjal_2017-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Farhang_Dajjal_2017_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFarhang2017" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Farhang, Mehrvash (2017). "Dajjāl". In Madelung, Wilferd; Daftary, Farhad (eds.). <i>Encyclopaedia Islamica</i>. Translated by Negahban, Farzin. <a href="/wiki/Leiden" title="Leiden">Leiden</a> and <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a>: <a href="/wiki/Brill_Publishers" title="Brill Publishers">Brill Publishers</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F1875-9831_isla_COM_035982">10.1163/1875-9831_isla_COM_035982</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1875-9823">1875-9823</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Dajj%C4%81l&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+Islamica&rft.place=Leiden+and+Boston&rft.pub=Brill+Publishers&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F1875-9831_isla_COM_035982&rft.issn=1875-9823&rft.aulast=Farhang&rft.aufirst=Mehrvash&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudgement+Day+in+Islam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-strangers-255-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-strangers-255_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWood2016" class="citation book cs1">Wood, Graeme (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bPoOCwAAQBAJ&q=al-Bahrumi&pg=PT132">"The War of the End of Time"</a>. <i>The Way of the Strangers: Encounters with the Islamic State</i>. Random House. p. 255. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780812988765" title="Special:BookSources/9780812988765"><bdi>9780812988765</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+War+of+the+End+of+Time&rft.btitle=The+Way+of+the+Strangers%3A+Encounters+with+the+Islamic+State&rft.pages=255&rft.pub=Random+House&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=9780812988765&rft.aulast=Wood&rft.aufirst=Graeme&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbPoOCwAAQBAJ%26q%3Dal-Bahrumi%26pg%3DPT132&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudgement+Day+in+Islam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-strangers-257-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-strangers-257_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWood2016" class="citation book cs1">Wood, Graeme (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bPoOCwAAQBAJ&q=al-Bahrumi&pg=PT132">"The War of the End of Time"</a>. <i>The Way of the Strangers: Encounters with the Islamic State</i>. Random House. p. 257. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780812988765" title="Special:BookSources/9780812988765"><bdi>9780812988765</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+War+of+the+End+of+Time&rft.btitle=The+Way+of+the+Strangers%3A+Encounters+with+the+Islamic+State&rft.pages=257&rft.pub=Random+House&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=9780812988765&rft.aulast=Wood&rft.aufirst=Graeme&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbPoOCwAAQBAJ%26q%3Dal-Bahrumi%26pg%3DPT132&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudgement+Day+in+Islam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeimaPorter1998" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_A._D._Weima" title="Jeffrey A. D. Weima">Weima, Jeffrey Alan David</a>; <a href="/wiki/Stanley_E._Porter" title="Stanley E. Porter">Porter, Stanley E.</a> (1998). <i>Annotated Bibliography of 1 & 2 Thessalonians</i>. Leiden, Netherlands: <a href="/wiki/Brill_Publishers" title="Brill Publishers">Brill Publishers</a>. p. 263. <q>(2) Does the New Testament support the notion of an individual Antichrist in whom all the anti-Christian strife of all ages will be concentrated? 2 Thess 2 answers the second question in the affirmative: an individual Antichrist will bring evil to its ...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Annotated+Bibliography+of+1+%26+2+Thessalonians&rft.place=Leiden%2C+Netherlands&rft.pages=263&rft.pub=Brill+Publishers&rft.date=1998&rft.aulast=Weima&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey+Alan+David&rft.au=Porter%2C+Stanley+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudgement+Day+in+Islam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-stuckenbruck-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-stuckenbruck_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStuckenbruck2003" class="citation book cs1">Stuckenbruck, Loren T. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2Vo-11umIZQC&pg=PA1536">"Revelation"</a>. In Dunn, James D. G.; Rogerson, John William (eds.). <i>Eerdmans Commentary on the Bible</i>. Eerdmans. pp. 1535–36. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780802837110" title="Special:BookSources/9780802837110"><bdi>9780802837110</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Revelation&rft.btitle=Eerdmans+Commentary+on+the+Bible&rft.pages=1535-36&rft.pub=Eerdmans&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=9780802837110&rft.aulast=Stuckenbruck&rft.aufirst=Loren+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2Vo-11umIZQC%26pg%3DPA1536&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudgement+Day+in+Islam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mounce-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-mounce_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMounce1998" class="citation book cs1">Mounce, Robert H (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=06VR1JzzLNsC&pg=PP4"><i>The Book of Revelation</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Eerdmans" class="mw-redirect" title="Eerdmans">Eerdmans</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780802825377" title="Special:BookSources/9780802825377"><bdi>9780802825377</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Book+of+Revelation&rft.pub=Eerdmans&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=9780802825377&rft.aulast=Mounce&rft.aufirst=Robert+H&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D06VR1JzzLNsC%26pg%3DPP4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudgement+Day+in+Islam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-strangers-258-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-strangers-258_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-strangers-258_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWood2016" class="citation book cs1">Wood, Graeme (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bPoOCwAAQBAJ&q=al-Bahrumi&pg=PT132">"The War of the End of Time"</a>. <i>The Way of the Strangers: Encounters with the Islamic State</i>. Random House. p. 258. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780812988765" title="Special:BookSources/9780812988765"><bdi>9780812988765</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+War+of+the+End+of+Time&rft.btitle=The+Way+of+the+Strangers%3A+Encounters+with+the+Islamic+State&rft.pages=258&rft.pub=Random+House&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=9780812988765&rft.aulast=Wood&rft.aufirst=Graeme&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbPoOCwAAQBAJ%26q%3Dal-Bahrumi%26pg%3DPT132&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudgement+Day+in+Islam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mahdi22-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Mahdi22_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYahya2008" class="citation book cs1">Yahya, Harun (1 January 2008). <i>Clarity Amidst Confusion: Imam Mahdi and the End of Time</i>. Global Publishing. Kindle Edition. p. 64.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Clarity+Amidst+Confusion%3A+Imam+Mahdi+and+the+End+of+Time&rft.pages=64&rft.pub=Global+Publishing.+Kindle+Edition.&rft.date=2008-01-01&rft.aulast=Yahya&rft.aufirst=Harun&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudgement+Day+in+Islam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Hava_Lazarus-Yafeh" title="Hava Lazarus-Yafeh">Hava Lazarus-Yafeh</a> <i>Some Religious Aspects of Islam: A Collection of Articles</i> Brill Archive 1981 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789004063297" title="Special:BookSources/9789004063297">9789004063297</a> p. 52</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WARREN_LARSON_p._335-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WARREN_LARSON_p._335_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">WARREN LARSON <i>Jesus in Islam and Christianity: Discussing the Similarities and the Differences</i> p. 335</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IC-proof-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-IC-proof_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://islamcompass.com/is-there-any-proof-that-the-bible-was-corrupted/">"Is There Any Proof That the Bible Was Corrupted?"</a>. <i>Islam Compass</i>. 27 February 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Islam+Compass&rft.atitle=Is+There+Any+Proof+That+the+Bible+Was+Corrupted%3F&rft.date=2022-02-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fislamcompass.com%2Fis-there-any-proof-that-the-bible-was-corrupted%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudgement+Day+in+Islam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IW-disrespecting-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-IW-disrespecting_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_Fatwa_Center_at_Islamweb2012" class="citation web cs1">The Fatwa Center at Islamweb (10 February 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.islamweb.net/emainpage/PrintFatwa.php?lang=E&Id=187555">"187555 Disrespecting the Bible and the churches"</a>. <i>Islamweb</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Islamweb&rft.atitle=187555+Disrespecting+the+Bible+and+the+churches&rft.date=2012-02-10&rft.au=The+Fatwa+Center+at+Islamweb&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.islamweb.net%2Femainpage%2FPrintFatwa.php%3Flang%3DE%26Id%3D187555&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudgement+Day+in+Islam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EoQ-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-EoQ_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Isaac Hasson, <i>Last Judgment</i>, <a href="/wiki/Encyclopaedia_of_the_Qur%27an" class="mw-redirect" title="Encyclopaedia of the Qur'an">Encyclopaedia of the Qur'an</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EoI-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-EoI_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">L. Gardet, <i>Qiyama</i>, <a href="/wiki/Encyclopaedia_of_the_Qur%27an" class="mw-redirect" title="Encyclopaedia of the Qur'an">Encyclopaedia of the Qur'an</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160710214058/http://www.inter-islam.org/faith/Majorsigns.html">"Major Signs before the Day of Judgement (Qiyamah)"</a>. <i>inter-islam.org</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.inter-islam.org/faith/Majorsigns.html">the original</a> on 10 July 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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MS pp. 39. quoted in <a href="#JISYYHIU1981">Smith & Haddad, <i>Islamic Understanding</i>, 1981</a>: p.72</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JISYYHIU1981:72-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-JISYYHIU1981:72_44-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JISYYHIU1981:72_44-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#JISYYHIU1981">Smith & Haddad, <i>Islamic Understanding</i>, 1981</a>: p.72</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JISYYHIU1981:73-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-JISYYHIU1981:73_45-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JISYYHIU1981:73_45-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#JISYYHIU1981">Smith & Haddad, <i>Islamic Understanding</i>, 1981</a>: p.73</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAl-Ghazali1989" class="citation book cs1">Al-Ghazali (1989). <i>The Remembrance of Death and the Afterlife</i>. pp. 173–177.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Remembrance+of+Death+and+the+Afterlife&rft.pages=173-177&rft.date=1989&rft.au=Al-Ghazali&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudgement+Day+in+Islam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Kitāb aḥwāl al-qiyāma</i>, pp. 49–50. quoted in <a href="#JISYYHIU1981">Smith & Haddad, <i>Islamic Understanding</i>, 1981</a>: p.70</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JISYYHIU1981:74-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-JISYYHIU1981:74_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#JISYYHIU1981">Smith & Haddad, <i>Islamic Understanding</i>, 1981</a>: p.74</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAl-Ghazali1989" class="citation book cs1">Al-Ghazali (1989). <i>The Remembrance of Death and the Afterlife</i>. pp. 180–181.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Remembrance+of+Death+and+the+Afterlife&rft.pages=180-181&rft.date=1989&rft.au=Al-Ghazali&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudgement+Day+in+Islam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAl-Ghazali1989" class="citation book cs1">Al-Ghazali (1989). <i>The Remembrance of Death and the Afterlife</i>. pp. 182–188.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Remembrance+of+Death+and+the+Afterlife&rft.pages=182-188&rft.date=1989&rft.au=Al-Ghazali&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudgement+Day+in+Islam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAl-Ghazali1989" class="citation book cs1">Al-Ghazali (1989). <i>The Remembrance of Death and the Afterlife</i>. p. 181.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Remembrance+of+Death+and+the+Afterlife&rft.pages=181&rft.date=1989&rft.au=Al-Ghazali&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudgement+Day+in+Islam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-quran-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-quran_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYusuf_Ali" class="citation book cs1">Yusuf Ali, Abdullah. "99:6". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.islam101.com/quran/quranYusuf/099.q"><i>Quran</i></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=99%3A6&rft.btitle=Quran&rft.aulast=Yusuf+Ali&rft.aufirst=Abdullah&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.islam101.com%2Fquran%2FquranYusuf%2F099.q&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudgement+Day+in+Islam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAl-Ghazali1989" class="citation book cs1">Al-Ghazali (1989). <i>The Remembrance of Death and the Afterlife</i>. pp. 195–197.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Remembrance+of+Death+and+the+Afterlife&rft.pages=195-197&rft.date=1989&rft.au=Al-Ghazali&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudgement+Day+in+Islam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JISYYHIU1981:76-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-JISYYHIU1981:76_55-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JISYYHIU1981:76_55-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JISYYHIU1981:76_55-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JISYYHIU1981:76_55-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JISYYHIU1981:76_55-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#JISYYHIU1981">Smith & Haddad, <i>Islamic Understanding</i>, 1981</a>: p.76</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JISYYHIU1981:77-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-JISYYHIU1981:77_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#JISYYHIU1981">Smith & Haddad, <i>Islamic Understanding</i>, 1981</a>: p.77</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Kitāb Aḥwāl al-Qiyāma</i>, p.81, quoted in <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="JISYYHIU1981" class="citation book cs1">Smith, Jane I.; Haddad, Yvonne Y. 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Albany, NY: SUNY Press. pp. 77–78.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Islamic+Understanding+of+Death+and+Resurrection&rft.place=Albany%2C+NY&rft.pages=77-78&rft.pub=SUNY+Press&rft.date=1981&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Jane+I.&rft.au=Haddad%2C+Yvonne+Y.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvdoc.pub%2Fdownload%2Fthe-islamic-understanding-of-death-and-resurrection-1fa354cla15g&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudgement+Day+in+Islam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYusuf_Ali1947" class="citation book cs1">Yusuf Ali, Abdullah (1947). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.324073"><i>Quran</i></a>. 102:4–8.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Quran&rft.place=102%3A4%E2%80%938&rft.date=1947&rft.aulast=Yusuf+Ali&rft.aufirst=Abdullah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fin.ernet.dli.2015.324073&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudgement+Day+in+Islam" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location" title="Category:CS1 maint: location">link</a>) CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYusuf_Ali" class="citation book cs1">Yusuf Ali, Abudllah. <i>Quran</i>. 67:1. p. 1576.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Quran&rft.place=67%3A1&rft.pages=1576&rft.aulast=Yusuf+Ali&rft.aufirst=Abudllah&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudgement+Day+in+Islam" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location" title="Category:CS1 maint: location">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JISYYHIU1981:79-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-JISYYHIU1981:79_60-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JISYYHIU1981:79_60-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#JISYYHIU1981">Smith & Haddad, <i>Islamic Understanding</i>, 1981</a>: p.79</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JISYYHIU1981:15-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-JISYYHIU1981:15_61-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#JISYYHIU1981">Smith & Haddad, <i>Islamic Understanding</i>, 1981</a>: p.15</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-qadhi-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-qadhi_63-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-qadhi_63-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-qadhi_63-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Between heaven and hell : Islam, salvation, and the fate of others</i>. Khalil, Mohammad Hassan. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2013. p. 111. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780199945412" title="Special:BookSources/9780199945412"><bdi>9780199945412</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/793726652">793726652</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Between+heaven+and+hell+%3A+Islam%2C+salvation%2C+and+the+fate+of+others&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=111&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F793726652&rft.isbn=9780199945412&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudgement+Day+in+Islam" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: others (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_others" title="Category:CS1 maint: others">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tmv-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-tmv_64-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNazimi2019" class="citation web cs1">Nazimi, Hassan (10 July 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://themuslimvibe.com/faith-islam/is-there-really-such-thing-as-a-kuffar-or-non-believer-in-our-world-today">"Is there really such thing as a "kuffar", or "non-believer" in our world today?"</a>. <i>The Muslim Vibe</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Muslim+Vibe&rft.atitle=Is+there+really+such+thing+as+a+%22kuffar%22%2C+or+%22non-believer%22+in+our+world+today%3F&rft.date=2019-07-10&rft.aulast=Nazimi&rft.aufirst=Hassan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthemuslimvibe.com%2Ffaith-islam%2Fis-there-really-such-thing-as-a-kuffar-or-non-believer-in-our-world-today&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudgement+Day+in+Islam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-KonsultasiSyariah-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-KonsultasiSyariah_65-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYulian_Purnama2009" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Yulian Purnama (Dec 29, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://konsultasisyariah.com/537-kafirkah-orang-yang-belum-kenal-islam.html">"KafirkahOrang yang Belum Kenal Islam?"</a>. <i>Konsultasi Syariah</i> (in Indonesian). KonsultasiSyariah.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Konsultasi+Syariah&rft.atitle=KafirkahOrang+yang+Belum+Kenal+Islam%3F&rft.date=2009-12-29&rft.au=Yulian+Purnama&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkonsultasisyariah.com%2F537-kafirkah-orang-yang-belum-kenal-islam.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudgement+Day+in+Islam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Whoever_the_call_did_not_reach,_due_to_a_disability_such_as_deafness,_will_be_examined_on_the_Day_of_Resurrection,_and_those_of_them_whom_it_reached_were_not_examined.-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Whoever_the_call_did_not_reach,_due_to_a_disability_such_as_deafness,_will_be_examined_on_the_Day_of_Resurrection,_and_those_of_them_whom_it_reached_were_not_examined._66-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Whoever_the_call_did_not_reach,_due_to_a_disability_such_as_deafness,_will_be_examined_on_the_Day_of_Resurrection,_and_those_of_them_whom_it_reached_were_not_examined._66-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMuhammad_Al-Munajjid2015" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Al-Munajjid" title="Muhammad Al-Munajjid">Muhammad Al-Munajjid</a> (9 June 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://islamqa.info/ar/answers/222051/%D9%85%D9%86-%D9%84%D9%85-%D8%AA%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%BA%D9%87-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%A9-%D8%A8%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%A8-%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%A9-%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%85%D9%85-%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87-%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D9%86-%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A9-%D9%88%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%AA%D9%87-%D9%85%D9%86%D9%87%D9%85-%D9%84%D9%85-%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D9%86">"Whoever the call did not reach, due to a disability such as deafness, will be examined on the Day of Resurrection, and those of them whom it reached were not examined./من لم تبلغه الدعوة ، بسبب عاهة كالصمم فإنه يمتحن يوم القيامة ، ومن بلغته منهم لم يمتحن"</a>. <i>IslamQa</i> (in Arabic)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 November</span> 2023</span>. <q>أَرْبَعَةٌ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ: رَجُلٌ أَصَمُّ لَا يَسْمَعُ شَيْئًا، وَرَجُلٌ أَحْمَقُ، وَرَجُلٌ هَرَمٌ، وَرَجُلٌ مَاتَ فِي فَتْرَةٍ، فَأَمَّا الْأَصَمُّ فَيَقُولُ: رَبِّ، لَقَدْ جَاءَ الْإِسْلَامُ وَمَا أَسْمَعُ شَيْئًا، وَأَمَّا الْأَحْمَقُ فَيَقُولُ: رَبِّ، لَقَدْ جَاءَ الْإِسْلَامُ وَالصِّبْيَانُ يَحْذِفُونِي بِالْبَعْرِ، وَأَمَّا الْهَرَمُ فَيَقُولُ: رَبِّ، لَقَدْ جَاءَ الْإِسْلَامُ وَمَا أَعْقِلُ شَيْئًا، وَأَمَّا الَّذِي مَاتَ فِي الْفَتْرَةِ فَيَقُولُ: رَبِّ، مَا أَتَانِي لَكَ رَسُولٌ، فَيَأْخُذُ مَوَاثِيقَهُمْ لَيُطِيعُنَّهُ، فَيُرْسِلُ إِلَيْهِمْ أَنْ ادْخُلُوا النَّارَ، قَالَ: فَوَالَّذِي نَفْسُ مُحَمَّدٍ بِيَدِهِ، لَوْ دَخَلُوهَا لَكَانَتْ عَلَيْهِمْ بَرْدًا وَسَلَامًا</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IslamQa&rft.atitle=Whoever+the+call+did+not+reach%2C+due+to+a+disability+such+as+deafness%2C+will+be+examined+on+the+Day+of+Resurrection%2C+and+those+of+them+whom+it+reached+were+not+examined.%2F%D9%85%D9%86+%D9%84%D9%85+%D8%AA%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%BA%D9%87+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%A9+%D8%8C+%D8%A8%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%A8+%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%A9+%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%85%D9%85+%D9%81%D8%A5%D9%86%D9%87+%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D9%86+%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A9+%D8%8C+%D9%88%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%AA%D9%87+%D9%85%D9%86%D9%87%D9%85+%D9%84%D9%85+%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D9%86&rft.date=2015-06-09&rft.au=Muhammad+Al-Munajjid&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fislamqa.info%2Far%2Fanswers%2F222051%2F%25D9%2585%25D9%2586-%25D9%2584%25D9%2585-%25D8%25AA%25D8%25A8%25D9%2584%25D8%25BA%25D9%2587-%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25AF%25D8%25B9%25D9%2588%25D8%25A9-%25D8%25A8%25D8%25B3%25D8%25A8%25D8%25A8-%25D8%25B9%25D8%25A7%25D9%2587%25D8%25A9-%25D9%2583%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25B5%25D9%2585%25D9%2585-%25D9%2581%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25D9%2587-%25D9%258A%25D9%2585%25D8%25AA%25D8%25AD%25D9%2586-%25D9%258A%25D9%2588%25D9%2585-%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D9%2582%25D9%258A%25D8%25A7%25D9%2585%25D8%25A9-%25D9%2588%25D9%2585%25D9%2586-%25D8%25A8%25D9%2584%25D8%25BA%25D8%25AA%25D9%2587-%25D9%2585%25D9%2586%25D9%2587%25D9%2585-%25D9%2584%25D9%2585-%25D9%258A%25D9%2585%25D8%25AA%25D8%25AD%25D9%2586&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudgement+Day+in+Islam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Those_who_will_be_tested_on_the_Day_of_Resurrection-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Those_who_will_be_tested_on_the_Day_of_Resurrection_67-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Those_who_will_be_tested_on_the_Day_of_Resurrection_67-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.islamweb.net/ar/fatwa/61635/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B0%D9%8A%D9%86-%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86-%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A9">"Those who will be tested on the Day of Resurrection/الذين يمتحنون يوم القيامة"</a>. <i>Islamweb</i> (in Arabic). 1 May 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Islamweb&rft.atitle=Those+who+will+be+tested+on+the+Day+of+Resurrection%2F%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B0%D9%8A%D9%86+%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86+%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A9&rft.date=2005-05-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.islamweb.net%2Far%2Ffatwa%2F61635%2F%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25B0%25D9%258A%25D9%2586-%25D9%258A%25D9%2585%25D8%25AA%25D8%25AD%25D9%2586%25D9%2588%25D9%2586-%25D9%258A%25D9%2588%25D9%2585-%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D9%2582%25D9%258A%25D8%25A7%25D9%2585%25D8%25A9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudgement+Day+in+Islam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAl-Ghazali1989" class="citation book cs1">Al-Ghazali (1989). <i>The Remembrance of Death and the Afterlife</i>. pp. 205–210.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Remembrance+of+Death+and+the+Afterlife&rft.pages=205-210&rft.date=1989&rft.au=Al-Ghazali&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudgement+Day+in+Islam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JISYYHIU1981:78-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-JISYYHIU1981:78_70-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JISYYHIU1981:78_70-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#JISYYHIU1981">Smith & Haddad, <i>Islamic Understanding</i>, 1981</a>: p.78</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://quran.com/as-saffat/21-27">"Surah As-Saffat - 21-27"</a>. <i>Quran.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Quran.com&rft.atitle=Surah+As-Saffat+-+21-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fquran.com%2Fas-saffat%2F21-27&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudgement+Day+in+Islam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(Knight, "Bridge," ERE, II, 852); quoted in <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="JISYYHIU1981" class="citation book cs1">Smith, Jane I.; Haddad, Yvonne Y. (1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vdoc.pub/download/the-islamic-understanding-of-death-and-resurrection-1fa354cla15g"><i>The Islamic Understanding of Death and Resurrection</i></a>. Albany, NY: SUNY Press. p. 215, note 50.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Islamic+Understanding+of+Death+and+Resurrection&rft.place=Albany%2C+NY&rft.pages=215%2C+note+50&rft.pub=SUNY+Press&rft.date=1981&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Jane+I.&rft.au=Haddad%2C+Yvonne+Y.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvdoc.pub%2Fdownload%2Fthe-islamic-understanding-of-death-and-resurrection-1fa354cla15g&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudgement+Day+in+Islam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JISYYHIU1981:80-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-JISYYHIU1981:80_74-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JISYYHIU1981:80_74-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#JISYYHIU1981">Smith & Haddad, <i>Islamic Understanding</i>, 1981</a>: p.80</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Leviton-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Leviton_75-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeviton2014" class="citation book cs1">Leviton, Richard (16 July 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IhhOBAAAQBAJ&q=sirat+as+thin+as+a+hair+and+as+sharp+as+the+sharpest+knife&pg=PA59"><i>The Mertowney Mountain Interviews</i></a>. iUniverse. p. 59. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781491741290" title="Special:BookSources/9781491741290"><bdi>9781491741290</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 January</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Mertowney+Mountain+Interviews&rft.pages=59&rft.pub=iUniverse&rft.date=2014-07-16&rft.isbn=9781491741290&rft.aulast=Leviton&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIhhOBAAAQBAJ%26q%3Dsirat%2Bas%2Bthin%2Bas%2Ba%2Bhair%2Band%2Bas%2Bsharp%2Bas%2Bthe%2Bsharpest%2Bknife%26pg%3DPA59&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudgement+Day+in+Islam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">al-Subki, Taqi al-Din. <i>Shifāʿ al-saqamft ziyara khayr al-anam</i>. Cairo, A.H.1315, 163; quoted in <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="JISYYHIU1981" class="citation book cs1">Smith, Jane I.; Haddad, Yvonne Y. 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Albany, NY: SUNY Press. p. 81.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Islamic+Understanding+of+Death+and+Resurrection&rft.place=Albany%2C+NY&rft.pages=81&rft.pub=SUNY+Press&rft.date=1981&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Jane+I.&rft.au=Haddad%2C+Yvonne+Y.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvdoc.pub%2Fdownload%2Fthe-islamic-understanding-of-death-and-resurrection-1fa354cla15g&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudgement+Day+in+Islam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JISYYHIU1981:81-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-JISYYHIU1981:81_77-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#JISYYHIU1981">Smith & Haddad, <i>Islamic Understanding</i>, 1981</a>: p.81</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JISYYHIU1981:25-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-JISYYHIU1981:25_78-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#JISYYHIU1981">Smith & Haddad, <i>Islamic Understanding</i>, 1981</a>: p.25</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JISYYHIU1981:26-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-JISYYHIU1981:26_79-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JISYYHIU1981:26_79-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JISYYHIU1981:26_79-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#JISYYHIU1981">Smith & Haddad, <i>Islamic Understanding</i>, 1981</a>: p.26</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Durra-59-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Durra-59_81-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">al-Ghazālī, Abū Ḥāmid Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad. <i>al-Durra al-fākhira</i>. Ed. M. Gautier. Leipzig, 1877. MS pp. 59–65. quoted in <a href="#JISYYHIU1981">Smith & Haddad, <i>Islamic Understanding</i>, 1981</a>: p.80</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Kitāb aḥwāl al-qiyāma</i>, pp.101–102. quoted in <a href="#JISYYHIU1981">Smith & Haddad, <i>Islamic Understanding</i>, 1981</a>: p.82</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JISYYHIU1981:9-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-JISYYHIU1981:9_83-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#JISYYHIU1981">Smith & Haddad, <i>Islamic Understanding</i>, 1981</a>: p.9</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Britannica-Eschatology-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Britannica-Eschatology_84-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Britannica-Eschatology_84-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Islam/Eschatology-doctrine-of-last-things">"Eschatology (doctrine of last things)"</a>. <i>Britannica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Cambridge United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-50637-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-50637-3"><bdi>978-0-521-50637-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Paradise+and+Hell+in+Islamic+Traditions&rft.place=Cambridge+United+Kingdom&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-0-521-50637-3&rft.aulast=Lange&rft.aufirst=Christian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudgement+Day+in+Islam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RFIBA-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-RFIBA_88-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RFIBA_88-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.religionfacts.com/islam/beliefs/afterlife.htm">"Islamic Beliefs about the Afterlife"</a>. <i>Religion Facts</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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BRILL. p. 12. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-30121-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-30121-4"><bdi>978-90-04-30121-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1163/j.ctt1w8h1w3.7">10.1163/j.ctt1w8h1w3.7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Introducing+Hell+in+Islamic+Studies&rft.btitle=Locating+Hell+in+Islamic+Traditions&rft.pages=12&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=2016&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F10.1163%2Fj.ctt1w8h1w3.7%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.isbn=978-90-04-30121-4&rft.aulast=Lange&rft.aufirst=Christian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F10.1163%2Fj.ctt1w8h1w3.7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudgement+Day+in+Islam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Joseph Hell <i>Die Religion des Islam</i> Motilal Banarsidass Publishers 1915</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-idiot-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-idiot_91-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-idiot_91-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEmerick2011" class="citation book cs1">Emerick, Yahiya (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Y6LQJWalzQkC&q=hell+in+islam&pg=PT97"><i>The Complete Idiot's Guide to Islam</i></a> (3rd ed.). 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Vol. 14, Fasc. 2. Encyclopædia Iranica Foundation<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-57003-495-8" title="Special:BookSources/1-57003-495-8"><bdi>1-57003-495-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Messianic+Hopes+and+Mystical+Visions%3A+The+N%C5%ABrbakhsh%C4%ABya+Between+Medieval+and+Modern+Islam&rft.place=Columbia%2C+SC&rft.pub=University+of+South+Carolina+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=1-57003-495-8&rft.aulast=Bashir&rft.aufirst=Shahzad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Duom79HNFPGgC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudgement+Day+in+Islam" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBentlageEggertKrämerReichmuth2016" class="citation book cs1">Bentlage, Björn; Eggert, Marion; Krämer, Hans-Martin; <a href="/wiki/Stefan_Reichmuth_(academic)" title="Stefan Reichmuth (academic)">Reichmuth, Stefan</a> (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZtY6DQAAQBAJ"><i>Religious Dynamics under the Impact of Imperialism and Colonialism: A Sourcebook</i></a>. Brill. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789004329003" title="Special:BookSources/9789004329003"><bdi>9789004329003</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Religious+Dynamics+under+the+Impact+of+Imperialism+and+Colonialism%3A+A+Sourcebook&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=9789004329003&rft.aulast=Bentlage&rft.aufirst=Bj%C3%B6rn&rft.au=Eggert%2C+Marion&rft.au=Kr%C3%A4mer%2C+Hans-Martin&rft.au=Reichmuth%2C+Stefan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZtY6DQAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudgement+Day+in+Islam" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlichfeldt1985" class="citation book cs1">Blichfeldt, Jan-Olaf (1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hATYAAAAMAAJ"><i>Early Mahdism: Politics and Religion in the Formative Period of Islam</i></a>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hudson.org/content/researchattachments/attachment/1316/current_trends_volume_8">the original</a> on 2022-05-20<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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In <a href="/wiki/C._E._Bosworth" class="mw-redirect" title="C. E. Bosworth">Bosworth, C. E.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Emeri_Johannes_van_Donzel" class="mw-redirect" title="Emeri Johannes van Donzel">van Donzel, E.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Lewis" title="Bernard Lewis">Lewis, B.</a> & <a href="/wiki/Charles_Pellat" title="Charles Pellat">Pellat, Ch.</a> (eds.). <i><a href="/wiki/The_Encyclopaedia_of_Islam#2nd_edition,_EI2" class="mw-redirect" title="The Encyclopaedia of Islam">The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition</a>. </i>Volume V:<i> Khe–Mahi</i>. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 1230–1238. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-07819-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-07819-2"><bdi>978-90-04-07819-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Al%E2%80%93Mahdi&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopaedia+of+Islam%2C+Second+Edition.+Volume+V%3A+Khe%E2%80%93Mahi&rft.place=Leiden&rft.pages=1230-1238&rft.pub=E.+J.+Brill&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=978-90-04-07819-2&rft.aulast=Madelung&rft.aufirst=Wilferd&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Freferenceworks.brill.com%2Fsearch%3Fq%3DAl%25E2%2580%2593Mahdi%26source%3D%252Fdb%252Feieo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudgement+Day+in+Islam" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMomen1985" class="citation book cs1">Momen, Moojan (1985). <i>An Introduction to Shi'i Islam: the history and doctrines of Twelver Shiʻism</i>. Yale University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780300034998" title="Special:BookSources/9780300034998"><bdi>9780300034998</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Introduction+to+Shi%27i+Islam%3A+the+history+and+doctrines+of+Twelver+Shi%CA%BBism&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=9780300034998&rft.aulast=Momen&rft.aufirst=Moojan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudgement+Day+in+Islam" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="NRGF2009" class="citation book cs1">Rustomji, Nerina (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YVasAgAAQBAJ&q=Al-Ghazali+on+jahannam&pg=PT143"><i>The Garden and the Fire: Heaven and Hell in Islamic Culture</i></a>. Columbia University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780231140850" title="Special:BookSources/9780231140850"><bdi>9780231140850</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 December</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Garden+and+the+Fire%3A+Heaven+and+Hell+in+Islamic+Culture&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=9780231140850&rft.aulast=Rustomji&rft.aufirst=Nerina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYVasAgAAQBAJ%26q%3DAl-Ghazali%2Bon%2Bjahannam%26pg%3DPT143&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudgement+Day+in+Islam" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSachedina1978" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Abdulaziz_Sachedina" title="Abdulaziz Sachedina">Sachedina, Abdulaziz A.</a> (1978). "A Treatise on the Occultation of the Twelfth Imāmite Imam". <i>Studia Islamica</i> (48): 109–124. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1595355">10.2307/1595355</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1595355">1595355</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Studia+Islamica&rft.atitle=A+Treatise+on+the+Occultation+of+the+Twelfth+Im%C4%81mite+Imam&rft.issue=48&rft.pages=109-124&rft.date=1978&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1595355&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1595355%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Sachedina&rft.aufirst=Abdulaziz+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudgement+Day+in+Islam" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSachedina1981" class="citation book cs1">Sachedina, Abdulaziz A. (1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5zUIYGQT4DwC"><i>Islamic Messianism: The Idea of Mahdi in Twelver Shi'ism</i></a>. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780873954426" title="Special:BookSources/9780873954426"><bdi>9780873954426</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Islamic+Messianism%3A+The+Idea+of+Mahdi+in+Twelver+Shi%27ism&rft.place=Albany%2C+NY&rft.pub=State+University+of+New+York+Press&rft.date=1981&rft.isbn=9780873954426&rft.aulast=Sachedina&rft.aufirst=Abdulaziz+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5zUIYGQT4DwC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudgement+Day+in+Islam" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="JISYYHIU1981" class="citation book cs1">Smith, Jane I.; Haddad, Yvonne Y. (1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vdoc.pub/download/the-islamic-understanding-of-death-and-resurrection-1fa354cla15g"><i>The Islamic Understanding of Death and Resurrection</i></a>. Albany, N Y: SUNY Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Islamic+Understanding+of+Death+and+Resurrection&rft.place=Albany%2C+N+Y&rft.pub=SUNY+Press&rft.date=1981&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Jane+I.&rft.au=Haddad%2C+Yvonne+Y.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvdoc.pub%2Fdownload%2Fthe-islamic-understanding-of-death-and-resurrection-1fa354cla15g&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudgement+Day+in+Islam" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSonn2004" class="citation book cs1">Sonn, Tamarra (2004). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/briefhistoryofis0000sonn"><i>A Brief History of Islam</i></a></span>. Blackwell Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4051-2174-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4051-2174-3"><bdi>978-1-4051-2174-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Brief+History+of+Islam&rft.pub=Blackwell+Publishing&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-4051-2174-3&rft.aulast=Sonn&rft.aufirst=Tamarra&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbriefhistoryofis0000sonn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudgement+Day+in+Islam" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="ETISN2009" class="citation journal cs1">Thomassen, Einar (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/27793798">"Islamic Hell"</a>. <i>Numen</i>. <b>56</b> (2–3): 401–416. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F156852709X405062">10.1163/156852709X405062</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/27793798">27793798</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Numen&rft.atitle=Islamic+Hell&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=2%E2%80%933&rft.pages=401-416&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F156852709X405062&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F27793798%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Thomassen&rft.aufirst=Einar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F27793798&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudgement+Day+in+Islam" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFValentine2008" class="citation book cs1">Valentine, Simon Ross (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MdRth02Q6nAC"><i>Islam and the Ahmadiyya Jama'at: History, Belief, Practice</i></a>. New York: Columbia University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-231-70094-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-231-70094-8"><bdi>978-0-231-70094-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Islam+and+the+Ahmadiyya+Jama%27at%3A+History%2C+Belief%2C+Practice&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-231-70094-8&rft.aulast=Valentine&rft.aufirst=Simon+Ross&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMdRth02Q6nAC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudgement+Day+in+Islam" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judgement_Day_in_Islam&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>"<i><a href="/wiki/Fath_al-Bari" title="Fath al-Bari">Fath al-Bari</a></i>" (from <i><a href="/wiki/Sahih_al-Bukhari" title="Sahih al-Bukhari">Sahih al-Bukhari</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Hajar_al-Asqalani" title="Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani">ibn Hajar al-Asqalani</a>).</li> <li>Esposito, John, <i>The Oxford Dictionary of Islam</i>, Oxford University Press, 2003, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-512558-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-512558-4">0-19-512558-4</a>.</li> <li>Richard C. Martin, Said Amir Arjomand, Marcia Hermansen, Abdulkader Tayob, Rochelle Davis, John Obert Voll, <i>Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim World</i>, MacMillan Reference Books, 2003, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0028656038" title="Special:BookSources/978-0028656038">978-0028656038</a>.</li> <li>Lawson, Todd (1999). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/3679569/Duality_Opposition_and_Typology_in_the_Quran_The_Apocalyptic_Substrate">Duality, Opposition and Typology in the Qur'an: The Apocalyptic Substrate</a></i>. Journal of Quranic Studies. 10: 23–49.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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class="navbox-list navbox-odd wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="FieldsTheologiansBooks" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Fields</li><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Muslim_theologians" title="List of Muslim theologians">Theologians</a></li><li>Books</li></ul></div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fields</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.77em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Aqidah" title="Aqidah">Aqidah</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_eschatology" title="Islamic eschatology">Eschatology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_ethics" title="Islamic ethics">Ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalam" title="Kalam">Kalam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.77em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Islamic_philosophy" title="Islamic philosophy">Philosophy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%27Aql" title="'Aql">‘Aql</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Islam" title="Education in Islam">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logic_in_Islamic_philosophy" title="Logic in Islamic philosophy">Logic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_in_Islamic_philosophy" title="Peace in Islamic philosophy">Peace</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.77em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Science_in_the_medieval_Islamic_world" title="Science in the medieval Islamic world">Science</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astronomy_in_the_medieval_Islamic_world" title="Astronomy in the medieval Islamic world">Astronomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmology_in_medieval_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Cosmology in medieval Islam">Cosmology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physics_in_the_medieval_Islamic_world" title="Physics in the medieval Islamic world">Physics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.77em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Sufism" title="Sufism">Sufism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sufi_cosmology" title="Sufi cosmology">Cosmology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sufi_metaphysics" title="Sufi metaphysics">Metaphysics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sufi_philosophy" title="Sufi philosophy">Philosophy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Muslim_theologians" title="List of Muslim theologians">Theologians</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.77em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ash%27arism" title="Ash'arism">Ash'arism</a> <br />(<a href="/wiki/Abu_Hasan_al-Ash%27ari" title="Abu Hasan al-Ash'ari">al-Ash'ari</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Bayhaqi" title="Al-Bayhaqi">Al-Bayhaqi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Baqillani" title="Al-Baqillani">Al-Baqillani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Juwayni" title="Al-Juwayni">Al-Juwayni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qushayri" title="Al-Qushayri">Al-Qushayri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Shahrastani" title="Al-Shahrastani">Al-Shahrastani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Ghazali" title="Al-Ghazali">Al-Ghazali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Taftazani" title="Al-Taftazani">Al-Taftazani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Maziri" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Maziri">Al-Maziri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Furak" title="Ibn Furak">Ibn Furak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Abi_Zayd_al-Qayrawani" title="Ibn Abi Zayd al-Qayrawani">Ibn Abi Zayd al-Qayrawani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zakariyya_al-Ansari" title="Zakariyya al-Ansari">Zakariyya al-Ansari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Mansur_al-Baghdadi" title="Abu Mansur al-Baghdadi">Abu Mansur al-Baghdadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Ishaq_al-Isfara%27ini" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu Ishaq al-Isfara'ini">Abu Ishaq al-Isfara'ini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Aqil" title="Ibn Aqil">Ibn Aqil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Tumart" title="Ibn Tumart">Ibn Tumart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Qadir_Gilani" title="Abdul Qadir Gilani">Abdul Qadir Gilani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Walid_al-Baji" title="Abu al-Walid al-Baji">Abu al-Walid al-Baji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr_ibn_al-Arabi" title="Abu Bakr ibn al-Arabi">Abu Bakr ibn al-Arabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_al-Jawzi" title="Ibn al-Jawzi">Ibn al-Jawzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qadi_Ayyad" class="mw-redirect" title="Qadi Ayyad">Qadi Ayyad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_al-Rifa%27i" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahmad al-Rifa'i">Ahmad al-Rifa'i</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fakhr_al-Din_al-Razi" title="Fakhr al-Din al-Razi">Fakhr al-Din al-Razi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sayf_al-Din_al-Amidi" title="Sayf al-Din al-Amidi">Sayf al-Din al-Amidi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Izz_al-Din_ibn_%27Abd_al-Salam" title="Izz al-Din ibn 'Abd al-Salam">Izz al-Din ibn 'Abd al-Salam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taqi_al-Din_al-Subki" title="Taqi al-Din al-Subki">Taqi al-Din al-Subki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shihab_al-Din_al-Qarafi" title="Shihab al-Din al-Qarafi">Shihab al-Din al-Qarafi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Hayyan_al-Gharnati" title="Abu Hayyan al-Gharnati">Abu Hayyan al-Gharnati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Baydawi" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Baydawi">Al-Baydawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Khaldun" title="Ibn Khaldun">Ibn Khaldun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Arafa" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibn Arafa">Ibn Arafa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Rahman_al-Tha%27alibi" title="Abd al-Rahman al-Tha'alibi">Abd al-Rahman al-Tha'alibi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Hajar_al-Haytami" title="Ibn Hajar al-Haytami">Ibn Hajar al-Haytami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Sha%27rani" title="Al-Sha'rani">Al-Sha'rani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jalal_al-Din_al-Dawani" class="mw-redirect" title="Jalal al-Din al-Dawani">Jalal al-Din al-Dawani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Maqqari_al-Tilmisani" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Maqqari al-Tilmisani">Al-Maqqari al-Tilmisani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Rahman_al-Fasi" title="Abd al-Rahman al-Fasi">Abd al-Rahman al-Fasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Ashir" title="Ibn Ashir">Ibn Ashir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Bah%C5%ABt%C4%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Bahūtī">Al-Bahūtī</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Mayyara" title="Muhammad Mayyara">Muhammad Mayyara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Ali_al-Hassan_al-Yusi" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu Ali al-Hassan al-Yusi">Abu Ali al-Hassan al-Yusi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%27Illish" class="mw-redirect" title="'Illish">'Illish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_al-Bajuri" title="Ibrahim al-Bajuri">Ibrahim al-Bajuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_ibn_Alawi_al-Haddad" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdullah ibn Alawi al-Haddad">Abdullah ibn Alawi al-Haddad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_al-Dardir" title="Ahmad al-Dardir">Ahmad al-Dardir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Arafa_al-Desouki" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Arafa al-Desouki">Muhammad Arafa al-Desouki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Zayni_Dahlan" title="Ahmad Zayni Dahlan">Ahmad Zayni Dahlan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.77em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Template:Islam_scholars_diagram" title="Template:Islam scholars diagram">Early</a> <a href="/wiki/Sunni_schools" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunni schools">Sunni</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Hanifa" title="Abu Hanifa">Abū Ḥanīfah al-Nu'mān ibn Thābit</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hanafi_school" title="Hanafi school">Hanafiyah</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malik_ibn_Anas" title="Malik ibn Anas">Malik ibn Anas</a> (<a href="/wiki/Maliki_school" title="Maliki school">Maliki</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Shafi%27i" title="Al-Shafi'i">Al-Shafi'i</a> (<a href="/wiki/Shafi%27i_school" title="Shafi'i school">Shafi‘i</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.77em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Maturidism" title="Maturidism">Maturidism</a> <br />(<a href="/wiki/Abu_Mansur_al-Maturidi" title="Abu Mansur al-Maturidi">Al-Maturidi</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Hakim_al-Samarqandi" title="Al-Hakim al-Samarqandi">Al-Hakim al-Samarqandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Sarakhsi" title="Al-Sarakhsi">Al-Sarakhsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Bazdawi" title="Al-Bazdawi">Al-Bazdawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Yusr_al-Bazdawi" title="Abu al-Yusr al-Bazdawi">Abu al-Yusr al-Bazdawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Mu%27in_al-Nasafi" title="Abu al-Mu'in al-Nasafi">Abu al-Mu'in al-Nasafi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Ishaq_al-Saffar_al-Bukhari" title="Abu Ishaq al-Saffar al-Bukhari">Abu Ishaq al-Saffar al-Bukhari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Layth_al-Samarqandi" title="Abu al-Layth al-Samarqandi">Abu al-Layth al-Samarqandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%27Ala%27_al-Din_al-Bukhari" title="'Ala' al-Din al-Bukhari">'Ala' al-Din al-Bukhari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Sharif_al-Jurjani" title="Al-Sharif al-Jurjani">Al-Sharif al-Jurjani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akmal_al-Din_al-Babarti" title="Akmal al-Din al-Babarti">Akmal al-Din al-Babarti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamal_al-Din_al-Ghaznawi" title="Jamal al-Din al-Ghaznawi">Jamal al-Din al-Ghaznawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nur_al-Din_al-Sabuni" title="Nur al-Din al-Sabuni">Nur al-Din al-Sabuni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Najm_al-Din_%27Umar_al-Nasafi" class="mw-redirect" title="Najm al-Din 'Umar al-Nasafi">Najm al-Din 'Umar al-Nasafi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siraj_al-Din_al-Ushi" title="Siraj al-Din al-Ushi">Siraj al-Din al-Ushi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shams_al-Din_al-Samarqandi" title="Shams al-Din al-Samarqandi">Shams al-Din al-Samarqandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khidr_Bey" title="Khidr Bey">Khidr Bey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Kemal" title="Ibn Kemal">Ibn Kemal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Qushji" title="Ali Qushji">Ali Qushji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_al-Qari" title="Ali al-Qari">Ali al-Qari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Ghani_al-Ghunaymi_al-Maydani" title="Abd al-Ghani al-Ghunaymi al-Maydani">Al-Maydani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Sirhindi" title="Ahmad Sirhindi">Ahmad Sirhindi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anwar_Shah_Kashmiri" title="Anwar Shah Kashmiri">Anwar Shah Kashmiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shah_Waliullah_Dehlawi" title="Shah Waliullah Dehlawi">Shah Waliullah Dehlawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shah_Abdul_Aziz" class="mw-redirect" title="Shah Abdul Aziz">Shah Abdul Aziz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalil_Ahmad_Saharanpuri" title="Khalil Ahmad Saharanpuri">Khalil Ahmad Saharanpuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Zakariya_Kandhlawi" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Zakariya Kandhlawi">Muhammad Zakariya Kandhlawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rahmatullah_Kairanawi" title="Rahmatullah Kairanawi">Rahmatullah Kairanawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murtada_al-Zabidi" title="Murtada al-Zabidi">Murtada al-Zabidi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Ghani_al-Nabulsi" title="Abd al-Ghani al-Nabulsi">Abd al-Ghani al-Nabulsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Abu_Zahra" title="Muhammad Abu Zahra">Muhammad Abu Zahra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanthapuram_A._P._Aboobacker_Musliyar" title="Kanthapuram A. P. Aboobacker Musliyar">Kanthapuram A. P. Aboobacker Musliyar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumi" title="Rumi">Rumi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.77em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ta%27til" title="Ta'til">Mu'attila</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/al-Dscha%CA%BFd_ibn_Dirham" class="extiw" title="de:al-Dschaʿd ibn Dirham">Al-Ja'd ibn Dirham</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jabriyah" class="mw-redirect" title="Jabriyah">Mu'jbira</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jahm_bin_Safwan" title="Jahm bin Safwan">Abū Muḥrīz Jahm ibn Ṣafwān ar-Rāsibī as-Samarqāndī at-Tirmidhī</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jahmi" class="mw-redirect" title="Jahmi">Jahmīyya</a> <ul><li>Abū Abdirrahmān Bishr ibn Ghiyāth ibn Abī Karīma al-Marīsī al-Baghdādī</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.77em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Tashbih" class="mw-redirect" title="Tashbih">Mu'jassimā</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muqatil_ibn_Sulayman" title="Muqatil ibn Sulayman">Abu’l-Hassan Muqātil ibn Sulaymān ibn Bashīr al-Azdī</a> al-<a href="/wiki/Balkh" title="Balkh">Balkh</a>ī (Muqātilīyya)</li> <li>Abū Muḥāmmad (Abū’l-Hākem) Heshām ibn Sālem al-Jawālikī al-<a href="/wiki/Juzjan" class="mw-redirect" title="Juzjan">Juzjan</a>ī al-<a href="/wiki/Kufa" title="Kufa">Kūf</a>ī <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anthropomorphism" title="Anthropomorphism">Jawālikīyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rum_(endonym)" title="Rum (endonym)">Rum</a> <a href="/wiki/Abdal" title="Abdal">Abdals</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Karram" title="Ibn Karram">Ibn Karram</a> (<a href="/wiki/Karramiyya" title="Karramiyya">Karramiyya</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.77em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Murji%27ah" title="Murji'ah">Murji'ah</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Abū Marwān Gaylān ibn Mūslīm ad-<a href="/wiki/Dimashq" class="mw-redirect" title="Dimashq">Dimashq</a>ī an-<a href="/wiki/Nabati" title="Nabati">Nabati</a> al-Qībtī (<a href="/wiki/Murji%27ah" title="Murji'ah">Murjī</a>-<a href="/wiki/Qadariyah" title="Qadariyah">Qadariyah</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.77em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Mu%27tazila" class="mw-redirect" title="Mu'tazila">Mu'tazila</a> <br />(<a href="/wiki/Wasil_ibn_%27Ata%27" class="mw-redirect" title="Wasil ibn 'Ata'">Wasil ibn 'Ata'</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_al-Nazzam" title="Ibrahim al-Nazzam">Abū Ishāq Ibrāhīm ibn Sayyār ibn Hāni’ an-Nazzām</a> (Nazzāmīyya)</li> <li>Abū Bakr Abdurrahmān ibn Kaysān al-Asāmm</li> <li>Abū Mūsā Isā ibn Subeyh (Sabīh) al-Murdār al-Bāsrī (Murdārīyya)</li> <li>Hīshām ibn Amr al-Fuwātī ash-Shaybānī (Hīshāmīyya)</li> <li>Abū Sahl Abbād ibn Sulaimān (Salmān) as-Sāymarī</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Jubba%27i" title="Al-Jubba'i">Abū Alī Muḥāmmad ibn Abdi’l-Wahhāb ibn Sallām al-Jubbā'ī</a> (Jubbāīyya)</li> <li>Abū’l-Hūsayn Abdūrrāhīm ibn Muḥāmmad ibn Uthmān al-Hayyāt (Hayyātīyya)</li> <li>Ja'far ibn Harb</li> <li>Ja'far ibn Mūbassīr</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Jahiz" title="Al-Jahiz">Abū Uthmān Amr ibn Bhār ibn Māhbūb al-Jāhiz al-Kinānī</a> (Jāhizīyya)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Jabbar_ibn_Ahmad" class="mw-redirect" title="Abd al-Jabbar ibn Ahmad">Al-Qadi 'Abd al-Jabbar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Husayn_al-Basri" title="Abu al-Husayn al-Basri">Abu al-Husayn al-Basri</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Zamakhshari" title="Al-Zamakhshari">Al-Zamakhshari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amr_ibn_Ubayd" title="Amr ibn Ubayd">Amr ibn Ubayd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Abi%27l-Hadid" title="Ibn Abi'l-Hadid">Ibn Abi'l-Hadid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahib_ibn_Abbad" title="Sahib ibn Abbad">Sahib ibn Abbad</a></li> <li>Abū Amr Ḍirār ibn Amr al-Gatafānī al-Kūfī (Ḍirārīyya)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.77em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neccariyye" class="extiw" title="tr:Neccariyye">Najjārīyya</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Abū ʿAbdillāh al-Husayn ibn Muḥāmmad ibn ʿAbdillāh an-Najjār ar-Rāzī <ul><li>Abū Amr (Abū Yahyā) Hāfs al-Fard</li> <li>Muḥāmmad ibn ʿĪsā (Burgūsīyya)</li> <li>Abū ʿAbdallāh Ibnū’z-Zā‘farānī (Zā‘farānīyya)</li> <li>Mustadrakīyya</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.77em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Salafi_movement" title="Salafi movement">Salafi Theologians</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Taymiyyah" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibn Taymiyyah">Ibn Taymiyyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibnul_Qayyim" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibnul Qayyim">Ibnul Qayyim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_ibn_Abd_al-Wahhab" title="Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab">Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wahhabism" title="Wahhabism">Wahhabism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Shawkani" title="Al-Shawkani">Al-Shawkani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashid_Rida" title="Rashid Rida">Rashid Rida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Baz" title="Ibn Baz">Ibn Baz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Uthaymin" title="Al-Uthaymin">Al-Uthaymin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muqbil_bin_Hadi_al-Wadi%27i" title="Muqbil bin Hadi al-Wadi'i">Muqbil bin Hadi al-Wadi'i</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Albani" title="Al-Albani">Al-Albani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saleh_Al-Fawzan" title="Saleh Al-Fawzan">Saleh Al-Fawzan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabee_al-Madkhali" title="Rabee al-Madkhali">Rabee al-Madkhali</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Madkhalism" title="Madkhalism">Madkhalism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syed_Nazeer_Husain" title="Syed Nazeer Husain">Syed Nazeer Husain</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahl-i_Hadith" title="Ahl-i Hadith">Ahl-i Hadith</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siddiq_Hasan_Khan" title="Siddiq Hasan Khan">Siddiq Hasan Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zubair_Ali_Zai" title="Zubair Ali Zai">Zubair Ali Zai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safar_Al-Hawali" class="mw-redirect" title="Safar Al-Hawali">Safar Al-Hawali</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sahwa_movement" title="Sahwa movement">Sahwa movement</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salman_al-Ouda" title="Salman al-Ouda">Salman al-Ouda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osama_bin_Laden" title="Osama bin Laden">Osama bin Laden</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Salafi_Jihadism" class="mw-redirect" title="Salafi Jihadism">Salafi Jihadism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_ibn_Umar_al-Hazimi" title="Ahmad ibn Umar al-Hazimi">Ahmad ibn Umar al-Hazimi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hazimism" title="Hazimism">Hazimism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yasir_Qadhi" title="Yasir Qadhi">Yasir Qadhi</a> <ul><li>Post-Salafism</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.77em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Twelver_Shi%27ism" title="Twelver Shi'ism">Twelver Shi'ism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Twelve_Imams" title="Twelve Imams">Twelve Imams</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ali" title="Ali">Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasan_ibn_Ali" title="Hasan ibn Ali">Hasan ibn Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Husayn_ibn_Ali" title="Husayn ibn Ali">Husayn ibn Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_al-Sajjad" title="Ali al-Sajjad">Ali al-Sajjad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_al-Baqir" title="Muhammad al-Baqir">Muhammad al-Baqir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ja%27far_al-Sadiq" title="Ja'far al-Sadiq">Ja'far al-Sadiq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musa_al-Kazim" title="Musa al-Kazim">Musa al-Kazim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_al-Rida" title="Ali al-Rida">Ali al-Rida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_al-Jawad" title="Muhammad al-Jawad">Muhammad al-Jawad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_al-Hadi" title="Ali al-Hadi">Ali al-Hadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasan_al-Askari" title="Hasan al-Askari">Hasan al-Askari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_al-Mahdi" title="Muhammad al-Mahdi">Muhammad al-Mahdi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Shaykh_Al-Mufid" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Shaykh Al-Mufid">Al-Shaykh Al-Mufid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharif_al-Murtaza" title="Sharif al-Murtaza">Sharif al-Murtaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaykh_Tusi" title="Shaykh Tusi">Shaykh Tusi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasir_al-Din_al-Tusi" title="Nasir al-Din al-Tusi">Nasir al-Din al-Tusi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allamah_Al-Hilli" class="mw-redirect" title="Allamah Al-Hilli">Allamah Al-Hilli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad-Baqer_Majlesi" title="Mohammad-Baqer Majlesi">Mohammad-Baqer Majlesi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zurarah_ibn_A%27yan" title="Zurarah ibn A'yan">Zurarah ibn A'yan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hisham_ibn_Hakam" class="mw-redirect" title="Hisham ibn Hakam">Hisham ibn Hakam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agha_Zia_ol_Din_Araghi" title="Agha Zia ol Din Araghi">Agha Zia ol Din Araghi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ja%27far_Sobhani" title="Ja'far Sobhani">Ja'far Sobhani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruhollah_Khomeini" title="Ruhollah Khomeini">Ruhollah Khomeini</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wilayat_al-faqih" class="mw-redirect" title="Wilayat al-faqih">Wilayat al-faqih</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.77em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Isma%27ilism" title="Isma'ilism">Isma'ili Shi'ism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qadi_al-Nu%27man" title="Al-Qadi al-Nu'man">Al-Qadi al-Nu'man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Yaqub_al-Sijistani" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu Yaqub al-Sijistani">Abu Yaqub al-Sijistani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamid_al-Din_al-Kirmani" title="Hamid al-Din al-Kirmani">Hamid al-Din al-Kirmani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mu%27ayyad_fi%27l-Din_al-Shirazi" title="Al-Mu'ayyad fi'l-Din al-Shirazi">Al-Mu'ayyad fi'l-Din al-Shirazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_ibn_Ibrahim_al-Naysaburi" title="Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Naysaburi">Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Naysaburi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu%27l-Fawaris_Ahmad_ibn_Ya%27qub" title="Abu'l-Fawaris Ahmad ibn Ya'qub">Abu'l-Fawaris Ahmad ibn Ya'qub</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tayyibi_Isma%27ilism" title="Tayyibi Isma'ilism">Tayyibi Ismā'īlī doctrine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhu%27ayb_ibn_Musa" title="Dhu'ayb ibn Musa">Dhu'ayb ibn Musa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hassan_Ala_Dhikrihi%27s_Salam" class="mw-redirect" title="Hassan Ala Dhikrihi's Salam">Hassan Ala Dhikrihi's Salam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idris_Imad_al-Din" title="Idris Imad al-Din">Idris Imad al-Din</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_ibn_Muhammad_ibn_al-Walid" title="Ali ibn Muhammad ibn al-Walid">Ali ibn Muhammad ibn al-Walid</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.77em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Zaydism" title="Zaydism">Zaydi Shi'ism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu%27l-Jarud_al-Hamdani" title="Abu'l-Jarud al-Hamdani">Abu'l-Jarud al-Hamdani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_ibn_Isa_ibn_Zayd" title="Ahmad ibn Isa ibn Zayd">Ahmad ibn Isa ibn Zayd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qasim_al-Rassi" title="Al-Qasim al-Rassi">Al-Qasim al-Rassi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Hadi_ila%27l-Haqq_Yahya" title="Al-Hadi ila'l-Haqq Yahya">Al-Hadi ila'l-Haqq Yahya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mansur_al-Qasim" title="Al-Mansur al-Qasim">Al-Mansur al-Qasim</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Key books</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.77em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Sunni_books" title="List of Sunni books">Sunni books</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Asas_al-Taqdis" title="Asas al-Taqdis">Asas al-Taqdis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Al-Baz_al-Ashhab" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Baz al-Ashhab">Al-Baz al-Ashhab</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Al-Farq_bayn_al-Firaq" title="Al-Farq bayn al-Firaq">Al-Farq bayn al-Firaq</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Al-Milal_wa_al-Nihal" title="Al-Milal wa al-Nihal">Al-Milal wa al-Nihal</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Guide_to_Conclusive_Proofs_for_the_Principles_of_Belief" title="A Guide to Conclusive Proofs for the Principles of Belief">Al-Irshad</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Al-Aqidah_al-Tahawiyyah" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Aqidah al-Tahawiyyah">Al-Aqidah al-Tahawiyyah</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Al-Sawad_al-A%27zam" title="Al-Sawad al-A'zam">Al-Sawad al-A'zam</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kitab_al-Tawhid_(Al-Maturidi)" title="Kitab al-Tawhid (Al-Maturidi)">Kitab al-Tawhid</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tabsirat_al-Adilla" title="Tabsirat al-Adilla">Tabsirat al-Adilla</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Masnavi" title="Masnavi">Masnavi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fihi_Ma_Fihi" title="Fihi Ma Fihi">Fihi Ma Fihi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Divan-i_Shams-i_Tabrizi" title="Divan-i Shams-i Tabrizi">Divan-i Shams-i Tabrizi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Moderation_in_Belief" title="The Moderation in Belief">The Moderation in Belief</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.77em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Shia_books" title="List of Shia books">Shia books</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/E%CA%BFteq%C4%81d%C4%81tal-Em%C4%81m%C4%ABya" title="Eʿteqādātal-Emāmīya">Eʿteqādātal-Emāmīya</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Al-Amali_(of_Shaykh_Saduq)" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Amali (of Shaykh Saduq)">Al-Amali</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Al-Khisal" title="Al-Khisal">Al-Khisal</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Awail_Al_Maqalat" title="Awail Al Maqalat">Awail Al Maqalat</a></i></li> <li><i>Tashih al-I'tiqad</i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tajrid_al-I%27tiqad" title="Tajrid al-I'tiqad">Tajrid al-I'tiqad</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.77em;font-weight:normal;">Independent</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_the_Brethren_of_Purity" title="Encyclopedia of the Brethren of Purity">Encyclopedia of the Brethren of Purity</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kitab_al-Majmu" title="Kitab al-Majmu">Kitab al-Majmu</a> of <a href="/wiki/Alawis" class="mw-redirect" title="Alawis">Alawis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Malf%C5%ABz%C4%81t" title="Malfūzāt">Malfūzāt</a> of <a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya" title="Ahmadiyya">Ahmadiyya</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Umm_al-kitab_(Shi%27i_book)" title="Umm al-kitab (Shi'i book)">Umm al-kitab</a> of <a href="/wiki/Musta%27li_Isma%27ilism" class="mw-redirect" title="Musta'li Isma'ilism">Musta'li Isma'ilism</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Islam_scholars_diagram" title="Template:Islam scholars diagram">Early Muslim scholars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_contemporary_Muslim_scholars_of_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="List of contemporary Muslim scholars of Islam">List of contemporary Muslim scholars of Islam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Islamic_schools_and_branches" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Islamic_schools_and_branches" title="Islamic schools and branches">Islamic schools and branches</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni Islam</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.65em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ahl_al-Hadith" title="Ahl al-Hadith">Ahl al-Hadith</a> <br />(<a href="/wiki/Atharism" title="Atharism">Atharism</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Kullabiyya <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Kullab" title="Ibn Kullab">Ibn Kullab</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanbali_school" title="Hanbali school">Hanbalis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_ibn_Hanbal" title="Ahmad ibn Hanbal">Ahmad ibn Hanbal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qadi_Abu_Ya%27la" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Qadi Abu Ya'la">Al-Qadi Abu Ya'la</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khwaja_Abdullah_Ansari" class="mw-redirect" title="Khwaja Abdullah Ansari">Khwaja Abdullah Ansari</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zahiri_school" title="Zahiri school">Zahiris</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dawud_al-Zahiri" title="Dawud al-Zahiri">Dawud al-Zahiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salafi_movement" title="Salafi movement">Salafism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahl-i_Hadith" title="Ahl-i Hadith">Ahl-i Hadith</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syed_Nazeer_Husain" title="Syed Nazeer Husain">Syed Nazeer Husain</a> / <a href="/wiki/Siddiq_Hasan_Khan" title="Siddiq Hasan Khan">Siddiq Hasan Khan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wahhabism" title="Wahhabism">Wahhabism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_ibn_Abd_al-Wahhab" title="Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab">Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Baz" title="Ibn Baz">Ibn Baz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Uthaymin" title="Al-Uthaymin">Al-Uthaymin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Albani" title="Al-Albani">Al-Albani</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salafi_movement#Political_trends_within_Salafism" title="Salafi movement">Other Salafi trends</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Salafi_jihadism" title="Salafi jihadism">Jihadism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madkhalism" title="Madkhalism">Madkhalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahwa_movement" title="Sahwa movement">Sahwa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salafi_Modernism" class="mw-redirect" title="Salafi Modernism">Salafi Modernism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_bin_Dawud_al-Zahiri" title="Muhammad bin Dawud al-Zahiri">Muhammad bin Dawud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maqrizi" class="mw-redirect" title="Maqrizi">Maqrizi</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.65em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ahl_ar-Ra%27y" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahl ar-Ra'y">Ahl ar-Ra'y</a> <br />(<a href="/wiki/Ilm_al-Kalam" class="mw-redirect" title="Ilm al-Kalam">Ilm al-Kalam</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ash%27arism" title="Ash'arism">Ash'arism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maliki_school" title="Maliki school">Malikis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shafi%27i_school" title="Shafi'i school">Shafi'is</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_al-Harari" title="Abdullah al-Harari">Abdullah al-Harari</a> – <a href="/wiki/Al-Ahbash" title="Al-Ahbash">Al-Ahbash</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maturidism" title="Maturidism">Maturidism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hanafi_school" title="Hanafi school">Hanafis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fazl-e-Haq_Khairabadi" title="Fazl-e-Haq Khairabadi">Fazl-e-Haq Khairabadi</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Raza_Khan" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahmed Raza Khan">Ahmed Raza Khan</a> – <a href="/wiki/Barelvi" class="mw-redirect" title="Barelvi">Barelvi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Qasim_Nanautavi" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Qasim Nanautavi">Muhammad Qasim Nanautavi</a> / <a href="/wiki/Rashid_Ahmad_Gangohi" title="Rashid Ahmad Gangohi">Rashid Ahmad Gangohi</a> – <a href="/wiki/Deobandi" class="mw-redirect" title="Deobandi">Deobandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Necmettin_Erbakan" title="Necmettin Erbakan">Necmettin Erbakan</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mill%C3%AE_G%C3%B6r%C3%BC%C5%9F" title="Millî Görüş">Millî Görüş</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shia_Islam" title="Shia Islam">Shia Islam</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Zaydism" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.65em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Zaydism" title="Zaydism">Zaydism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zayd_ibn_Ali" title="Zayd ibn Ali">Zayd ibn Ali</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jarudiyya" title="Jarudiyya">Jarudiyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batriyya" title="Batriyya">Batriyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imamate_in_Zaydi_doctrine" title="Imamate in Zaydi doctrine">Imamate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alid_dynasties_of_northern_Iran" title="Alid dynasties of northern Iran">Alid dynasties of northern Iran</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hasan_al-Utrush" title="Hasan al-Utrush">Hasan al-Utrush</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahya_ibn_Umar" title="Yahya ibn Umar">Yahya ibn Umar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imams_of_Yemen" title="Imams of Yemen">Imams of Yemen</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_extinct_Shia_sects#Zaydi_Shia_sects" title="List of extinct Shia sects">Extinct Zaydi Shi'a sects</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dukayniyya_Shia" title="Dukayniyya Shia">Dukayniyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalafiyya_Shia" title="Khalafiyya Shia">Khalafiyya</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Imamah_(Shi%27a_doctrine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Imamah (Shi'a doctrine)">Imami</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Mahdi" title="Mahdi">Mahdiist</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Shi%27ite" class="mw-redirect" title="Shi'ite">Shi'ite</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Sects_in_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Sects in Islam">Sects in</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.65em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Imamate_in_Twelver_doctrine" title="Imamate in Twelver doctrine">Imami</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Twelver_Shi%27ism" title="Twelver Shi'ism">Twelver</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theology_of_Twelvers" class="mw-redirect" title="Theology of Twelvers">Theology of Twelvers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ja%27fari_school" title="Ja'fari school">Ja'fari</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akhbari" title="Akhbari">Akhbari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usulism" title="Usulism">Usuli</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaykhism" title="Shaykhism">Shaykhism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qizilbash" title="Qizilbash">Qizilbash</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sheikh_Haydar" class="mw-redirect" title="Sheikh Haydar">Sheikh Haydar</a> / <a href="/wiki/Shah_Ismail" class="mw-redirect" title="Shah Ismail">Shah Ismail</a> / <a href="/wiki/Pir_Sultan" class="mw-redirect" title="Pir Sultan">Pir Sultan</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kul_Nes%C3%AEm%C3%AE" title="Kul Nesîmî">Kul Nesîmî</a> – <a href="/wiki/Safavid_conversion_of_Iran_to_Shia_Islam" title="Safavid conversion of Iran to Shia Islam">Safavid Islam</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghulat" title="Ghulat">Ghulat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Kha%E1%B9%A3%C4%ABb%C4%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Khaṣībī">al-Khaṣībī</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Nusayr" title="Ibn Nusayr">ibn Nusayr</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alawites" title="Alawites">Alawites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fazlallah_Astarabadi" title="Fazlallah Astarabadi">Astarabadi (Naimi)</a> / <a href="/wiki/Imadaddin_Nasimi" title="Imadaddin Nasimi">Imadaddin Nasimi</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hurufism" title="Hurufism">Hurufism</a> / <a href="/wiki/Bektashism_and_folk_religion" title="Bektashism and folk religion">Bektashism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schools_of_Islamic_theology#Baktāshism_(Bektaşilik)" title="Schools of Islamic theology">Baktāshism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demir_Baba_Teke" title="Demir Baba Teke">Demir Bābā</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alians" title="Alians">Alians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baba_Rexheb" title="Baba Rexheb">Bābā Rexheb</a> – <a href="/wiki/Arabati_Baba_Te%E1%B8%B1e" title="Arabati Baba Teḱe">Hārābātīs</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.65em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Imamate_in_Ismaili_doctrine" title="Imamate in Ismaili doctrine">Imami</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Isma%27ilism" title="Isma'ilism">Isma'ilism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fathite" class="mw-redirect" title="Fathite">Fathite</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abdallah_al-Aftah" title="Abdallah al-Aftah">Abdallah al-Aftah</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batiniyyah" class="mw-redirect" title="Batiniyyah">Batiniyyah</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hamdan_Qarmat" title="Hamdan Qarmat">Hamdan Qarmat</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sevener" title="Sevener">Sevener</a> <a href="/wiki/Qarmatians" title="Qarmatians">Qarmatians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamza_ibn_Ali" title="Hamza ibn Ali">Hamza</a> / <a href="/wiki/Baha_al-Din_al-Muqtana" title="Baha al-Din al-Muqtana">Baha al-Din al-Muqtana</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ad-Darazi" class="mw-redirect" title="Ad-Darazi">ad-Darazi</a> – <a href="/wiki/Druze" title="Druze">Druzes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatimid_dynasty" title="Fatimid dynasty">Fatimids</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Musta%27li_Isma%27ilism" class="mw-redirect" title="Musta'li Isma'ilism">Musta'li</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tayyibi_Isma%27ilism" title="Tayyibi Isma'ilism">Tayyibi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alavi_Bohras" title="Alavi Bohras">Alavi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dawoodi_Bohra" title="Dawoodi Bohra">Dawoodi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulaymani_Bohra" class="mw-redirect" title="Sulaymani Bohra">Sulaymani</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hafizi_Isma%27ilism" title="Hafizi Isma'ilism">Hafizi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasir_Khusraw_al-Qubadiani" class="mw-redirect" title="Nasir Khusraw al-Qubadiani">Nasir Khusraw al-Qubadiani</a> – <a href="/wiki/Badakhshan" title="Badakhshan">Badakhshan</a> <a href="/wiki/Pamiris#Religion" title="Pamiris">Alevism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imamate_in_Nizari_doctrine" title="Imamate in Nizari doctrine">Nizari</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hassan-i_Sabbah" class="mw-redirect" title="Hassan-i Sabbah">Hassan-i Sabbah</a> – <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Assassins" title="Order of Assassins">Assassins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aga_Khan" title="Aga Khan">Aga Khans</a> – <a href="/wiki/Nizaris" class="mw-redirect" title="Nizaris">Nizaris</a> / <a href="/wiki/Khojas" class="mw-redirect" title="Khojas">Khojas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pir_Sadardin" title="Pir Sadardin">Pir Sadardin</a> – <a href="/wiki/Satpanth" title="Satpanth">Satpanth</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.65em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Kaysanites_Shia" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaysanites Shia">Kaysanites<br />Shia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mukhtar_al-Thaqafi" title="Mukhtar al-Thaqafi">Mukhtār</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Amra_Kaysan" title="Abu Amra Kaysan">Abū ʿAmra Kaysān</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd_Allah_ibn_Muhammad_ibn_al-Hanafiyyah" class="mw-redirect" title="Abd Allah ibn Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah">Abd Allah ibn Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hashimiyya" class="mw-redirect" title="Hashimiyya">Hashimiyya</a> <ul><li>Hārbīyya <ul><li>ʿAbd Allāh ibn al-Hārb ibn al-Kindi</li> <li>Janāhiyya <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abdallah_ibn_Mu%27awiya" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdallah ibn Mu'awiya">Abdallah ibn Mu'awiya</a></li> <li>Hārithīyya</li></ul></li> <li>Riyāhīyya</li></ul></li> <li>Sam‘ānīyya <ul><li>Bayān ibn Sam‘ān</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rawendis" title="Rawendis">Rawendis</a> <ul><li>Rezāmīyya <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Muslim" title="Abu Muslim">Abu Muslim</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sunpadh" title="Sunpadh">Sunpadh</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mu%E1%B8%A5ammirah" class="mw-redirect" title="Muḥammirah">Muḥammirah</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khurramites" title="Khurramites">Khurramites</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Babak_Khorramdin" title="Babak Khorramdin">Babak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazyar" title="Mazyar">Mazyar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Muqanna" title="Al-Muqanna">al-Muqanna</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ishaq_al-Turk" title="Ishaq al-Turk">Ishaq al-Turk</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khashabiyya_Shia" title="Khashabiyya Shia">Khashabiyya Shia</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.65em;font-weight:normal;">Other <a href="/wiki/Mahdiist" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahdiist">Mahdiists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/An-Nafs_Az-Zakiyyah" class="mw-redirect" title="An-Nafs Az-Zakiyyah">An-Nafs Az-Zakiyyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurufiyya" class="mw-redirect" title="Hurufiyya">Hurufiyya</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mahmoud_Pasikhani" title="Mahmoud Pasikhani">Maḥmūd Pasīkhānī</a> – <a href="/wiki/Nuktawiyya" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuktawiyya">Nuktawiyya</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shayki" class="mw-redirect" title="Shayki">Shayki</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nuqta-yi_Ula" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuqta-yi Ula">Nuqta-yi Ula</a> – <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A1bis#Antecedents" class="mw-redirect" title="Bábis">Bábīyya</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tawussite_Shia" title="Tawussite Shia">Tawussite Shia</a> <ul><li>ʿAjlan ibn Nawus</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waqifite_Shia" title="Waqifite Shia">Waqifite Shia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Muhakkima" title="Muhakkima">Muhakkima</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Siffin#Arbitration" title="Battle of Siffin">Arbitration</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.65em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Kharijites" title="Kharijites">Kharijites</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Ajardi <ul><li>Abd al-Karīm ibn Adjrād</li> <li>Maymunīyyah</li> <li>Sa'labīyyah</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azariqa" title="Azariqa">Azariqa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nafi_ibn_al-Azraq" title="Nafi ibn al-Azraq">Nafi ibn al-Azraq al-Hānafī al-Handhalī</a></li></ul></li> <li>Bayhasīyyah <ul><li>Abu Bayhas al-Hāytham ibn Jābir</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Najdat" title="Najdat">Najdat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Najdah_ibn_%27Amir" class="mw-redirect" title="Najdah ibn 'Amir">Najdah ibn 'Amir al-Hānafī</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sufri" title="Sufri">Sufri</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Qurra" title="Abu Qurra">Abu Qurra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Yazid" title="Abu Yazid">Abū Yazīd Mukhallad ibn Kayrād</a> al-<a href="/wiki/Nukkari" title="Nukkari">Nukkari</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.65em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ibadi_Islam" title="Ibadi Islam">Ibadism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abdallah_ibn_Ibad" title="Abdallah ibn Ibad">'Abdullāh ibn Ibāḍ al-Tamimi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C4%81bir_ibn_Zayd" class="mw-redirect" title="Jābir ibn Zayd">Jābir ibn Zayd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakkariyyah" class="mw-redirect" title="Nakkariyyah">Abu Qudama Yazid ibn Fandin</a> al-<a href="/wiki/Banu_Ifran" title="Banu Ifran">Ifrani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd_Allah_ibn_Wahb_al-Rasibi" title="Abd Allah ibn Wahb al-Rasibi">Abd Allah ibn Wahb al-Rasibi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ibadi#Wahbi_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibadi">Wahbiyyah</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azzabas" title="Azzabas">Azzabas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Murji%27ah" title="Murji'ah">Murji'ah</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Hasan_ibn_Muhammad_ibn_al-Hanafiyyah" class="mw-redirect" title="Hasan ibn Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah">Hasan ibn<br />Muḥāmmad</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_ibn_al-Hanafiyyah" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah">ibn al-<br />Hanafiyyah</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.65em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Karramiyya" title="Karramiyya">Karrāmīyya</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Abū ʿAbdillāh Muḥāmmad ibn Karrām ibn Arrāk ibn Huzāba ibn al-Barā’ as-Sijjī <ul><li>ʿĀbidīyya (ʿUthmān al-ʿĀbid)</li> <li>Dhīmmīyya</li> <li>Hakāiqīyya</li> <li>Haisamīyya (Abū ʿAbdallāh Muhammad ibn al-Haisam)</li> <li>Hīdīyya (Hīd ibn Saif)</li> <li>Ishāqīyya (Abū Yaʿqūb Ishāq ibn Mahmashādh)</li> <li>Maʿīyya</li> <li>Muhājirīyya (Ibrāhīm ibn Muhājir)</li> <li>Nūnīyya</li> <li>Razīnīyya</li> <li>Sauwāqīyya</li> <li>Sūramīyya</li> <li>Tarā'ifīyya (Ahmad ibn ʿAbdūs at-Tarā'ifī)</li> <li>Tūnīyya (Abū Bakr ibn ʿAbdallāh)</li> <li>Wāhidīyya</li> <li>Zarībīyya</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.65em;font-weight:normal;">Other sects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Gaylānīyya <ul><li>Gaylān ibn Marwān</li></ul></li> <li>Yūnusīyya <ul><li>Yūnus ibn Awn an-Namīrī</li></ul></li> <li>Gassānīyya <ul><li>Gassān al-Kūfī</li></ul></li> <li>Tūmanīyya <ul><li>Abū Muāz at-Tūmanī</li></ul></li> <li>Sawbānīyya <ul><li>Abū Sawbān al-Murjī</li></ul></li> <li>Sālehīyya <ul><li>Sāleh ibn Umar</li></ul></li> <li>Shamrīyya <ul><li>Abū Shamr</li></ul></li> <li>Ubaydīyya <ul><li>Ubayd al-Mūktaib</li></ul></li> <li>Ziyādīyya <ul><li>Muhammad ibn Ziyād al-Kūfī</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.65em;font-weight:normal;">Other Murjīs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Harith_ibn_Surayj" title="Al-Harith ibn Surayj">Al-Harith ibn Surayj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sa%27id_ibn_Jubayr" title="Sa'id ibn Jubayr">Sa'id ibn Jubayr</a></li> <li>Hammād ibn Abū Sūlaimān</li> <li>Muhārīb ibn Dithār</li> <li>Sābit Kutna</li> <li>Awn ibn Abdullāh</li> <li>Mūsā ibn Abū Kasīr</li> <li>Umar ibn Zar</li> <li>Salm ibn Sālem</li> <li>Hālaf ibn Ayyūb</li> <li>Ibrāhim ibn Yousūf</li> <li>Nusayr ibn Yahyā</li> <li>Ahmad ibn Hārb</li> <li>Amr ibn Murrah</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Schools_of_Islamic_theology#Tashbih" title="Schools of Islamic theology">Mu'shabbiha</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.65em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Euhemerism" title="Euhemerism">Tamsīl</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Jawārībīyya <ul><li>Dāwūd al-Jawāribî</li></ul></li> <li>Hāshwīyya</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tashbih" class="mw-redirect" title="Tashbih">Hulmānīyya</a> <ul><li>Abū Hulmān al-<a href="/wiki/Fars_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Fars Province">Fāris</a>ī ad-<a href="/wiki/Dimashq" class="mw-redirect" title="Dimashq">Dimashq</a>ī</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalandars" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalandars">Kalandars</a></li> <li><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barak_Baba" class="extiw" title="tr:Barak Baba">Bārāq Bābā</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.65em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Schools_of_Islamic_theology#Anthropopathy_in_the_history_of_Ghulāt_Shīʿīsm" title="Schools of Islamic theology">Tajsīm</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khattabiyya" title="Khattabiyya">Khaṭṭābiyya</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Khattab" title="Abu al-Khattab">Abu al-Khattab</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bazighiyya_Shia" title="Bazighiyya Shia">Bāzīghiyya</a> <ul><li>Bāzīgh ibn Mūsā</li></ul></li> <li>Muʿāmmarīyya <ul><li>Muʿāmmar ibn Ahmar</li></ul></li> <li>ʿIjlīyya/Umayrīyya <ul><li>Umayr ibn Bayān al-ʿIjlī</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mufaddaliyya" class="mw-redirect" title="Mufaddaliyya">Mufaḍḍaliyya</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mufaddal_ibn_Umar_al-Ju%27fi" title="Al-Mufaddal ibn Umar al-Ju'fi">al-Mufaddal ibn Umar al-Ju'fi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghurabiya" title="Ghurabiya">Ghurābīyya</a></li> <li>Mānsūrīyya <ul><li>Abū Mānsūr al-ʿIjlī</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_extinct_Shia_sects#Ghulat_sects" title="List of extinct Shia sects">Mughīrīyya</a> <ul><li>Abū Abdillāh Mugīre ibn Sāīd al-ʿIjlī el-Bajalī</li></ul></li> <li>Mukhāmmīsa</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namiriya" class="mw-redirect" title="Namiriya">Namiriya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhammiyya_Shia" class="mw-redirect" title="Dhammiyya Shia">‘Ulyanīyya/'Alyaīyya</a></li> <li>Saba'īyya <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_ibn_Saba%27" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdullah ibn Saba'">Abdullah ibn Saba'</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Qadariyah" title="Qadariyah">Qadariyah</a> <br />(<a href="/wiki/Ma%27bad_al-Juhani" title="Ma'bad al-Juhani">Ma'bad<br />al-Juhani</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.65em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Alevism" title="Alevism">Alevism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qutb_ad-D%C4%ABn_Haydar" title="Qutb ad-Dīn Haydar">Qutb ad-Dīn Haydar</a> – <a href="/wiki/Malamatiyya" title="Malamatiyya">Malamatiyya</a> / <a href="/wiki/Qalandariyya" title="Qalandariyya">Qalandariyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baba_Ishak" title="Baba Ishak">Baba Ishak</a> – <a href="/wiki/Babai_revolt" title="Babai revolt">Babai revolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bal%C4%B1m_Sultan" title="Balım Sultan">Balım Sultan</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bektashi_Order" class="mw-redirect" title="Bektashi Order">Bektashi Order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galip_Hassan_Kuscuoglu" title="Galip Hassan Kuscuoglu">Galip Hassan Kuscuoglu</a> – <a href="/wiki/Galibi_Order" title="Galibi Order">Galibi Order</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.65em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Mu%CA%BFtazila" class="mw-redirect" title="Muʿtazila">Muʿtazila</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Rationalism" title="Rationalism">Rationalism</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Mā’marīyya <ul><li>Abū Amr (Abū Mu‘tamīr) Muāmmar ibn Abbād as-Sūlamī</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishriyya" title="Bishriyya">Bishriyya</a> <ul><li>Abū Sahl Bīshr ibn al-Mu‘tamīr al-Hilālī al-Baghdādī</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_ibn_Abi_Du%27ad" title="Ahmad ibn Abi Du'ad">Abū Abdi’l-Lāh Ahmad ibn Abī Du'ad Faraj ibn Carīr ibn Mâlik al-Iyādī</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahshamiyya" title="Bahshamiyya">Bahshamiyya</a> <ul><li>Abū Hāshīm Abdu’s-Salām ibn Muḥāmmad ibn Abdi’l-Wahhāb al-Jubbā'ī</li></ul></li> <li>Huzaylīyya <ul><li>Abū’l-Huzayl Muḥāmmad ibn al-Huzayl ibn Abdillāh al-Allāf al-Abdī al-Bāsrī <ul><li>Abū Ma‘n Sūmāma ibn Ashras an-Nūmayrī al-Bāsrī al-Baghdādī</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Ikhshīdiyya</li> <li>Nazzāmīyya <ul><li>Ali al-Aswarī</li> <li>Abū Bakr Muḥāmmad ibn Abdillāh ibn Shabīb al-Basrī</li> <li>Hābītīyya <ul><li>Ahmad ibn Hābīt</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Sumamīyya <ul><li>Sumāma ibn Ashras</li></ul></li> <li>Kā‘bīyya <ul><li>Abū’l-Kāsīm Abdullāh ibn Ahmad ibn Māhmūd al-Balhī al-Kā‘bī</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.65em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Quranism" title="Quranism">Quranism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quranism" title="Quranism">Ahle Qur'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kala_Kato" title="Kala Kato">Kala Kato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolu-e-Islam_(organization)" title="Tolu-e-Islam (organization)">Tolu-e-Islam</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Iqbal" title="Muhammad Iqbal">Muhammad Iqbal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghulam_Ahmed_Pervez" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghulam Ahmed Pervez">Ghulam Ahmed Pervez</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Submitters_International" class="mw-redirect" title="United Submitters International">United Submitters International</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rashad_Khalifa" title="Rashad Khalifa">Rashad Khalifa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edip_Y%C3%BCksel" title="Edip Yüksel">Edip Yüksel</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Independent<br /><a href="/wiki/Muslim_beliefs" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim beliefs">Muslim<br />beliefs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.65em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Messianism#Islam" title="Messianism">Messianism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya" title="Ahmadiyya">Ahmadiyya</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mirza_Ghulam_Ahmad_bibliography" title="Mirza Ghulam Ahmad bibliography">Mirza Ghulam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qadiani" title="Qadiani">Qadiani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lahore_Ahmadiyya_Movement_for_the_Propagation_of_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Lahore Ahmadiyya Movement for the Propagation of Islam">Lahori</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabbalist" class="mw-redirect" title="Kabbalist">Kabbalist</a> <a href="/wiki/D%C3%B6nmes" class="mw-redirect" title="Dönmes">Dönmes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sabbatai_Zevi" title="Sabbatai Zevi">Sabbatai Zevi</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sabbatean" class="mw-redirect" title="Sabbatean">Sabbatean</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahdavia" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahdavia">Mahdavīyya</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Jaunpuri" title="Muhammad Jaunpuri">Muhammad Jaunpuri</a> / <a href="/wiki/Syed_Khundmir" title="Syed Khundmir">Bandagi Mian Syed Khundmir</a> – <a href="/wiki/Zikris" class="mw-redirect" title="Zikris">Zikris</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nation_of_Islam" title="Nation of Islam">Nation of Islam</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wallace_Fard_Muhammad" title="Wallace Fard Muhammad">Wallace Fard Muhammad</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Beliefs_and_theology_of_the_Nation_of_Islam" title="Beliefs and theology of the Nation of Islam">doctrine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nur_movement" title="Nur movement">Nur movement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Said_Nurs%C3%AE" title="Said Nursî">Said Nursî</a> / <a href="/wiki/Fethullah_G%C3%BClen" title="Fethullah Gülen">Fethullah Gülen</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hizmet" class="mw-redirect" title="Hizmet">Hizmet</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.65em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Modernism" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic Modernism">Modernism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Modernist_Salafism" class="mw-redirect" title="Modernist Salafism">Modernist Salafism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Abduh" title="Muhammad Abduh">Muhammad Abduh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Asad" title="Muhammad Asad">Muhammad Asad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamal_ad-Din_al-Afghani" class="mw-redirect" title="Jamal ad-Din al-Afghani">Jamal ad-Din al-Afghani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashid_Rida" title="Rashid Rida">Rashid Rida</a></li> <li>Other <a href="/wiki/Islamic_modernist" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic modernist">Islamic modernists</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.65em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ta%E1%B9%A3awwuf" class="mw-redirect" title="Taṣawwuf">Taṣawwuf</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tariqah" class="mw-redirect" title="Tariqah">Tariqah</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Raza_Khan_Barelvi" title="Ahmed Raza Khan Barelvi">Ahmed Raza Khan</a> – <a href="/wiki/Barelvi" class="mw-redirect" title="Barelvi">Barelvi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCleyman_Hilmi_Tunahan" title="Süleyman Hilmi Tunahan">Hilmi Tunahan</a> – <a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCleymanc%C4%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="Süleymancı">Süleymancı</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_al-Rifa%27i" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahmad al-Rifa'i">Ahmad al-Rifa'i</a> – <a href="/wiki/Rifa%60i" class="mw-redirect" title="Rifa`i">Rifa`i</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Sufi_orders" title="List of Sufi orders">Other orders</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tawassul" title="Tawassul">Tawassul</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.65em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Muslim_beliefs" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim beliefs">Other beliefs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sadaqah" title="Sadaqah">Sadaqah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunnah" title="Sunnah">Sunnah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taqwa" title="Taqwa">Taqwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tawakkul" title="Tawakkul">Tawakkul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tewafuq" title="Tewafuq">Tewafuq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thawab" title="Thawab">Thawab</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>Other scholars of <a href="/wiki/Sunni_schools_of_jurisprudence" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunni schools of jurisprudence">Sunni schools of jurisprudence</a>:</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Hanafi_scholars" title="Template:Hanafi scholars">Hanafi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Hanbali_scholars" title="Template:Hanbali scholars">Hanbali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Maliki_scholars" title="Template:Maliki scholars">Maliki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Shafi%27i_scholars" title="Template:Shafi'i scholars">Shafi'i</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Zahiri_scholars" title="Template:Zahiri scholars">Zahiri</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Global_catastrophic_risks" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Global_catastrophic_risks" title="Template:Global catastrophic risks"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Global_catastrophic_risks" title="Template talk:Global catastrophic risks"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Global_catastrophic_risks" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Global catastrophic risks"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Global_catastrophic_risks" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Global_catastrophic_risk" title="Global catastrophic risk">Global catastrophic risks</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Future_of_Earth" title="Future of Earth">Future of the Earth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Future_of_an_expanding_universe" title="Future of an expanding universe">Future of an expanding universe</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ultimate_fate_of_the_universe" title="Ultimate fate of the universe">Ultimate fate of the universe</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Technological</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chemical_warfare" title="Chemical warfare">Chemical warfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyberattack" title="Cyberattack">Cyberattack</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cyberwarfare" title="Cyberwarfare">Cyberwarfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyberterrorism" title="Cyberterrorism">Cyberterrorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cybergeddon" title="Cybergeddon">Cybergeddon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gray_goo" title="Gray goo">Gray goo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_applications_of_nanotechnology#Weapons" title="Industrial applications of nanotechnology">Nanoweapons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinetic_bombardment" title="Kinetic bombardment">Kinetic bombardment</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kinetic_energy_weapon" title="Kinetic energy weapon">Kinetic energy weapon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_warfare" title="Nuclear warfare">Nuclear warfare</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mutual_assured_destruction" title="Mutual assured destruction">Mutual assured destruction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dead_Hand" title="Dead Hand">Dead Hand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doomsday_Clock" title="Doomsday Clock">Doomsday Clock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doomsday_device" title="Doomsday device">Doomsday device</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antimatter_weapon" title="Antimatter weapon">Antimatter weapon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electromagnetic_pulse" title="Electromagnetic pulse">Electromagnetic pulse</a> (EMP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safety_of_high-energy_particle_collision_experiments" title="Safety of high-energy particle collision experiments">Safety of high-energy particle collision experiments</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Micro_black_hole" title="Micro black hole">Micro black hole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strangelet" title="Strangelet">Strangelet</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synthetic_intelligence" title="Synthetic intelligence">Synthetic intelligence</a> / <a href="/wiki/Artificial_intelligence" title="Artificial intelligence">Artificial intelligence</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AI_takeover" title="AI takeover">AI takeover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Existential_risk_from_artificial_general_intelligence" class="mw-redirect" title="Existential risk from artificial general intelligence">Existential risk from artificial intelligence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technological_singularity" title="Technological singularity">Technological singularity</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transhumanism" title="Transhumanism">Transhumanism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sociological</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anthropogenic_hazard" class="mw-redirect" title="Anthropogenic hazard">Anthropogenic hazard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collapsology" title="Collapsology">Collapsology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doomsday_argument" title="Doomsday argument">Doomsday argument</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Self-indication_assumption_doomsday_argument_rebuttal" title="Self-indication assumption doomsday argument rebuttal">Self-indication assumption doomsday argument rebuttal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-referencing_doomsday_argument_rebuttal" title="Self-referencing doomsday argument rebuttal">Self-referencing doomsday argument rebuttal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_collapse" title="Economic collapse">Economic collapse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malthusianism" title="Malthusianism">Malthusian catastrophe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_World_Order_(conspiracy_theory)" class="mw-redirect" title="New World Order (conspiracy theory)">New World Order (conspiracy theory)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_holocaust" title="Nuclear holocaust">Nuclear holocaust</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cobalt_bomb" title="Cobalt bomb">cobalt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_famine" title="Nuclear famine">famine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_winter" title="Nuclear winter">winter</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Societal_collapse" title="Societal collapse">Societal collapse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_collapse" title="State collapse">State collapse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_III" title="World War III">World War III</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Climate_apocalypse" title="Climate apocalypse">Ecological</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Climate_variability_and_change" title="Climate variability and change">Climate change</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anoxic_event" title="Anoxic event">Anoxic event</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biodiversity_loss" title="Biodiversity loss">Biodiversity loss</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mass_mortality_event" title="Mass mortality event">Mass mortality event</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cascade_effect_(ecology)" title="Cascade effect (ecology)">Cascade effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cataclysmic_pole_shift_hypothesis" title="Cataclysmic pole shift hypothesis">Cataclysmic pole shift hypothesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_and_civilizational_collapse" title="Climate change and civilizational collapse">Climate change and civilizational collapse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deforestation" title="Deforestation">Deforestation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desertification" title="Desertification">Desertification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extinction_risk_from_climate_change" title="Extinction risk from climate change">Extinction risk from climate change</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tipping_points_in_the_climate_system" title="Tipping points in the climate system">Tipping points in the climate system</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flood_basalt" title="Flood basalt">Flood basalt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_dimming" title="Global dimming">Global dimming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_terrestrial_stilling" title="Global terrestrial stilling">Global terrestrial stilling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change" title="Climate change">Global warming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypercane" title="Hypercane">Hypercane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_age" title="Ice age">Ice age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecocide" title="Ecocide">Ecocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecological_collapse" class="mw-redirect" title="Ecological collapse">Ecological collapse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_degradation" title="Environmental degradation">Environmental degradation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habitat_destruction" title="Habitat destruction">Habitat destruction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_impact_on_the_environment" title="Human impact on the environment">Human impact on the environment</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_with_coral_reefs" title="Environmental issues with coral reefs">coral reefs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_impact_on_marine_life" title="Human impact on marine life">on marine life</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_degradation" title="Land degradation">Land degradation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_consumption" title="Land consumption">Land consumption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_surface_effects_on_climate" title="Land surface effects on climate">Land surface effects on climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocean_acidification" title="Ocean acidification">Ocean acidification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ozone_depletion" title="Ozone depletion">Ozone depletion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resource_depletion" title="Resource depletion">Resource depletion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_level_rise" title="Sea level rise">Sea level rise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supervolcano" title="Supervolcano">Supervolcano</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Volcanic_winter" title="Volcanic winter">winter</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verneshot" title="Verneshot">Verneshot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_pollution" title="Water pollution">Water pollution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_scarcity" title="Water scarcity">Water scarcity</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Earth_Overshoot_Day" title="Earth Overshoot Day">Earth Overshoot Day</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Overexploitation" title="Overexploitation">Overexploitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overpopulation" title="Overpopulation">Overpopulation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Human_overpopulation" title="Human overpopulation">Human overpopulation</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Biological</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Extinction" title="Extinction">Extinction</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Extinction_event" title="Extinction event">Extinction event</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holocene_extinction" title="Holocene extinction">Holocene extinction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_extinction" title="Human extinction">Human extinction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_extinction_events" title="List of extinction events">List of extinction events</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genetic_erosion" title="Genetic erosion">Genetic erosion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genetic_pollution" title="Genetic pollution">Genetic pollution</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biodiversity_loss" title="Biodiversity loss">Biodiversity loss</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Decline_in_amphibian_populations" title="Decline in amphibian populations">Decline in amphibian populations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decline_in_insect_populations" title="Decline in insect populations">Decline in insect populations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biotechnology_risk" title="Biotechnology risk">Biotechnology risk</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biological_agent" title="Biological agent">Biological agent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biological_warfare" title="Biological warfare">Biological warfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bioterrorism" title="Bioterrorism">Bioterrorism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colony_collapse_disorder" title="Colony collapse disorder">Colony collapse disorder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defaunation" title="Defaunation">Defaunation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dysgenics" title="Dysgenics">Dysgenics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interplanetary_contamination" title="Interplanetary contamination">Interplanetary contamination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandemic" title="Pandemic">Pandemic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pollinator_decline" title="Pollinator decline">Pollinator decline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overfishing" title="Overfishing">Overfishing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Astronomical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Big_Crunch" title="Big Crunch">Big Crunch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_Rip" title="Big Rip">Big Rip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronal_mass_ejection" title="Coronal mass ejection">Coronal mass ejection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmological_phase_transition" title="Cosmological phase transition">Cosmological phase transition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geomagnetic_storm" title="Geomagnetic storm">Geomagnetic storm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/False_vacuum_decay" class="mw-redirect" title="False vacuum decay">False vacuum decay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamma-ray_burst" title="Gamma-ray burst">Gamma-ray burst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heat_death_of_the_universe" title="Heat death of the universe">Heat death of the universe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proton_decay" title="Proton decay">Proton decay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_black_hole" title="Virtual black hole">Virtual black hole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_event" title="Impact event">Impact event</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asteroid_impact_avoidance" title="Asteroid impact avoidance">Asteroid impact avoidance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asteroid_impact_prediction" title="Asteroid impact prediction">Asteroid impact prediction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potentially_hazardous_object" title="Potentially hazardous object">Potentially hazardous object</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Near-Earth_object" title="Near-Earth object">Near-Earth object</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_winter" title="Impact winter">winter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rogue_planet" title="Rogue planet">Rogue planet</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Near-Earth_supernova" title="Near-Earth supernova">Near-Earth supernova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypernova" title="Hypernova">Hypernova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micronova" title="Micronova">Micronova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_flare" title="Solar flare">Solar flare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stellar_collision" title="Stellar collision">Stellar collision</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eschatology" title="Eschatology">Eschatological</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_eschatology" title="Buddhist eschatology">Buddhist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maitreya" title="Maitreya">Maitreya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Ages_of_Buddhism" title="Three Ages of Buddhism">Three Ages</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_eschatology" title="Hindu eschatology">Hindu</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kalki" title="Kalki">Kalki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kali_Yuga" title="Kali Yuga">Kali Yuga</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Last_Judgment" title="Last Judgment">Last Judgement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Coming" title="Second Coming">Second Coming</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Enoch" title="Book of Enoch">1 Enoch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Daniel" title="Book of Daniel">Daniel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abomination_of_desolation" title="Abomination of desolation">Abomination of desolation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prophecy_of_Seventy_Weeks" title="Prophecy of Seventy Weeks">Prophecy of Seventy Weeks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messiah" title="Messiah">Messiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_eschatology" title="Christian eschatology">Christian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Futurism_(Christianity)" title="Futurism (Christianity)">Futurism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historicism_(Christianity)" title="Historicism (Christianity)">Historicism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Historicist_interpretations_of_the_Book_of_Revelation" title="Historicist interpretations of the Book of Revelation">Interpretations of Revelation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idealism_(Christian_eschatology)" title="Idealism (Christian eschatology)"> Idealism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preterism" title="Preterism">Preterism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2_Esdras" title="2 Esdras">2 Esdras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Epistle_to_the_Thessalonians" title="Second Epistle to the Thessalonians">2 Thessalonians</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Man_of_sin" title="Man of sin">Man of sin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katechon" title="Katechon">Katechon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antichrist" title="Antichrist">Antichrist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Revelation" title="Book of Revelation">Book of Revelation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Events_of_Revelation" title="Events of Revelation">Events</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Four_Horsemen_of_the_Apocalypse" title="Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse">Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_of_fire" title="Lake of fire">Lake of fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Number_of_the_beast" title="Number of the beast">Number of the Beast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_bowls" title="Seven bowls">Seven bowls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_seals" title="Seven seals">Seven seals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Beast_(Revelation)" title="The Beast (Revelation)">The Beast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two_witnesses" title="Two witnesses">Two witnesses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Heaven" title="War in Heaven">War in Heaven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whore_of_Babylon" title="Whore of Babylon">Whore of Babylon</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Apostasy" title="Great Apostasy">Great Apostasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Earth_(Christianity)" title="New Earth (Christianity)">New Earth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Jerusalem" title="New Jerusalem">New Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olivet_Discourse" title="Olivet Discourse">Olivet Discourse</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_Tribulation" title="Great Tribulation">Great Tribulation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Son_of_perdition" title="Son of perdition">Son of perdition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Sheep_and_the_Goats" title="The Sheep and the Goats">Sheep and Goats</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_eschatology" title="Islamic eschatology">Islamic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qa%27im_Al_Muhammad" title="Qa'im Al Muhammad">Al-Qa'im</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beast_of_the_Earth" title="Beast of the Earth">Beast of the Earth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhu_al-Qarnayn" title="Dhu al-Qarnayn">Dhu al-Qarnayn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhul-Suwayqatayn" title="Dhul-Suwayqatayn">Dhul-Suwayqatayn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Masih_ad-Dajjal" title="Al-Masih ad-Dajjal">Dajjal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israfil" title="Israfil">Israfil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahdi" title="Mahdi">Mahdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sufyani" title="Sufyani">Sufyani</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_eschatology" title="Jewish eschatology">Jewish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Messiah_in_Judaism" title="Messiah in Judaism">Messiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gog_and_Magog" title="Gog and Magog">War of Gog and Magog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Temple" title="Third Temple">Third Temple</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ragnar%C3%B6k" title="Ragnarök">Norse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frashokereti" title="Frashokereti">Zoroastrian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saoshyant" title="Saoshyant">Saoshyant</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2011_end_times_prediction" title="2011 end times prediction">2011 end times prediction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_phenomenon" title="2012 phenomenon">2012 phenomenon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apocalypse" title="Apocalypse">Apocalypse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apocalyptic_literature" title="Apocalyptic literature">Apocalyptic literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apocalypticism" title="Apocalypticism">Apocalypticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armageddon" title="Armageddon">Armageddon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blood_moon_prophecy" title="Blood moon prophecy">Blood moon prophecy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earth_Changes" title="Earth Changes">Earth Changes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_catastrophic_risk" title="Global catastrophic risk">End time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gog_and_Magog" title="Gog and Magog">Gog and Magog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_dates_predicted_for_apocalyptic_events" title="List of dates predicted for apocalyptic events">List of dates predicted for apocalyptic events</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messianism" title="Messianism">Messianism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Messianic_Age" title="Messianic Age">Messianic Age</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millenarianism" title="Millenarianism">Millenarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millennialism" title="Millennialism">Millennialism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Premillennialism" title="Premillennialism">Premillennialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amillennialism" title="Amillennialism">Amillennialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postmillennialism" title="Postmillennialism">Postmillennialism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nemesis_(hypothetical_star)" title="Nemesis (hypothetical star)">Nemesis (hypothetical star)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nibiru_cataclysm" title="Nibiru cataclysm">Nibiru cataclysm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapture" title="Rapture">Rapture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rapture#Prewrath_premillennialism" title="Rapture">Prewrath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-tribulation_rapture" title="Post-tribulation rapture">Post-tribulation rapture</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_resurrection" title="Universal resurrection">Resurrection of the dead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_to_come" title="World to come">World to come</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fictional</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alien_invasion" title="Alien invasion">Alien invasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apocalyptic_and_post-apocalyptic_fiction" title="Apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic fiction">Apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic fiction</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_apocalyptic_and_post-apocalyptic_fiction" title="List of apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic fiction">List of apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_apocalyptic_films" title="List of apocalyptic films">List of apocalyptic films</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_fiction" title="Climate fiction">Climate fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disaster_film" title="Disaster film">Disaster films</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_disaster_films" title="List of disaster films">List of disaster films</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fictional_doomsday_devices" title="List of fictional doomsday devices">List of fictional doomsday devices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zombie_apocalypse" title="Zombie apocalypse">Zombie apocalypse</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zombie" title="Zombie">Zombie</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Centre_for_the_Study_of_Existential_Risk" title="Centre for the Study of Existential Risk">Centre for the Study of Existential Risk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Future_of_Humanity_Institute" title="Future of Humanity Institute">Future of Humanity Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Future_of_Life_Institute" title="Future of Life Institute">Future of Life Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_Threat_Initiative" title="Nuclear Threat Initiative">Nuclear Threat Initiative</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ransomware" title="Ransomware">Ransomware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyberwarfare" title="Cyberwarfare">Cyberwarfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disaster" title="Disaster">Disaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_depression" title="Economic depression">Depression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_crisis" title="Financial crisis">Financial crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandemic" title="Pandemic">Pandemic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riot" title="Riot">Riots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_crisis" title="Social crisis">Social crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Survivalism" title="Survivalism">Survivalism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg/16px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg/24px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg/32px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="3002" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:World" title="Portal:World">World portal</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> Categories <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Apocalypticism" title="Category:Apocalypticism">Apocalypticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Future_problems" title="Category:Future problems">Future problems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hazards" title="Category:Hazards">Hazards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Risk_analysis" title="Category:Risk analysis">Risk analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Doomsday_scenarios" title="Category:Doomsday scenarios">Doomsday scenarios</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Theology" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Theology" title="Template:Theology"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Theology" title="Template talk:Theology"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Theology" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Theology"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Theology" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Theology" title="Theology">Theology</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Conceptions_of_God" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Conceptions_of_God" title="Conceptions of God">Conceptions of God</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Theism" title="Theism">Theism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Forms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deism" title="Deism">Deism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dystheism" title="Dystheism">Dystheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henotheism" title="Henotheism">Henotheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermeticism" title="Hermeticism">Hermeticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathenotheism" title="Kathenotheism">Kathenotheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nontheism" title="Nontheism">Nontheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monolatry" title="Monolatry">Monolatry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monotheism" title="Monotheism">Monotheism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Urmonotheismus" title="Urmonotheismus">Urmonotheismus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mysticism" title="Mysticism">Mysticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panentheism" title="Panentheism">Panentheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandeism" title="Pandeism">Pandeism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pantheism" title="Pantheism">Pantheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polytheism" title="Polytheism">Polydeism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polytheism" title="Polytheism">Polytheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spiritualism_(movement)" title="Spiritualism (movement)">Spiritualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theistic_finitism" title="Theistic finitism">Theistic finitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theopanism" title="Theopanism">Theopanism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deity" title="Deity">Deity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divinity" title="Divinity">Divinity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_of_God" title="Gender of God">Gender of God</a> <i>and gods</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Goddess" title="Goddess">Goddess</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numen" title="Numen">Numen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/God" title="God">Singular god</a><br />theologies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By faith</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/God_in_Abrahamic_religions" title="God in Abrahamic religions">Abrahamic religions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/God_in_the_Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith" title="God in the Baháʼí Faith">Baháʼí Faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God_in_Judaism" title="God in Judaism">Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God_in_Christianity" title="God in Christianity">Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God_in_Islam" title="God in Islam">Islam</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creator_in_Buddhism" title="Creator in Buddhism">Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God_in_Hinduism" title="God in Hinduism">Hinduism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God_in_Jainism" title="God in Jainism">Jainism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God_in_Sikhism" title="God in Sikhism">Sikhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahura_Mazda" title="Ahura Mazda">Zoroastrianism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Absolute_(philosophy)" title="Absolute (philosophy)">Absolute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahman" title="Brahman">Brahman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emanationism" title="Emanationism">Emanationism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logos" title="Logos">Logos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God" title="God">Supreme Being</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">God as</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/God_the_Sustainer" title="God the Sustainer">Sustainer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zurvanism" title="Zurvanism">Time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Good" title="Good">Good</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ahura_Mazda" title="Ahura Mazda">Ahura Mazda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Father_of_Greatness" title="Father of Greatness">Father of Greatness</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Trinity" title="Trinity">Trinitarianism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Athanasian_Creed" title="Athanasian Creed">Athanasian Creed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannine_Comma" title="Johannine Comma">Comma Johanneum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consubstantiality" title="Consubstantiality">Consubstantiality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homoousion" title="Homoousion">Homoousian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homoiousian" title="Homoiousian">Homoiousian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypostasis_(philosophy_and_religion)" title="Hypostasis (philosophy and religion)">Hypostasis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perichoresis" title="Perichoresis">Perichoresis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shield_of_the_Trinity" title="Shield of the Trinity">Shield of the Trinity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinitarian_formula" title="Trinitarian formula">Trinitarian formula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinity" title="Trinity">Trinity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinitarianism_in_the_Church_Fathers" title="Trinitarianism in the Church Fathers">Trinity of the Church Fathers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinitarian_universalism" title="Trinitarian universalism">Trinitarian universalism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eschatology" title="Eschatology">Eschatology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afterlife" title="Afterlife">Afterlife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apocalypticism" title="Apocalypticism">Apocalypticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fate_of_the_unlearned" title="Fate of the unlearned">Fate of the unlearned</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fitra" title="Fitra">Fitra</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heaven" title="Heaven">Heaven</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hell" title="Hell">Hell</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="By_religion" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By religion</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_eschatology" title="Buddhist eschatology">Buddhist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_eschatology" title="Christian eschatology">Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_eschatology" title="Hindu eschatology">Hindu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_eschatology" title="Islamic eschatology">Islamic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_eschatology" title="Jewish eschatology">Jewish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divine_Incantations_Scripture" title="Divine Incantations Scripture">Taoist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frashokereti" title="Frashokereti">Zoroastrian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Feminist_theology" title="Feminist theology">Feminist</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Buddhism" title="Women in Buddhism">Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_feminism" title="Christian feminism">Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Hinduism" title="Women in Hinduism">Hinduism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_feminism" title="Islamic feminism">Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_feminism" title="Jewish feminism">Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mormonism_and_women" title="Mormonism and women">Mormonism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goddess" title="Goddess">Goddesses</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Attributes_of_God_in_Christianity" title="Attributes of God in Christianity">Attributes of God in Christianity</a> / <a href="/wiki/God_in_Islam" title="God in Islam">in Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binitarianism" title="Binitarianism">Binitarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demiurge" title="Demiurge">Demiurge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divine_simplicity" title="Divine simplicity">Divine simplicity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divine_presence" title="Divine presence">Divine presence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egotheism" title="Egotheism">Egotheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exotheology" title="Exotheology">Exotheology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holocaust_theology" title="Holocaust theology">Holocaust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godhead_in_Christianity" title="Godhead in Christianity">Godhead in Christianity</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/God_in_Mormonism" title="God in Mormonism">Latter Day Saints</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Architect_of_the_Universe" title="Great Architect of the Universe">Great Architect of the Universe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Spirit" title="Great Spirit">Great Spirit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apophatic_theology" title="Apophatic theology">Apophatic theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olelbis" title="Olelbis">Olelbis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_theism" title="Open theism">Open theism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_god" title="Personal god">Personal god</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenomenological_definition_of_God" class="mw-redirect" title="Phenomenological definition of God">Phenomenological definition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philo%27s_view_of_God" class="mw-redirect" title="Philo's view of God">Philo's view</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Process_theology" title="Process theology">Process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tian" title="Tian">Tian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unmoved_mover" title="Unmoved mover">Unmoved mover</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Names_of_God" title="Names of God">Names of God</a> in</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Names_of_God_in_Christianity" title="Names of God in Christianity">Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_titles_and_names_of_Krishna" title="List of titles and names of Krishna">Hinduism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Names_of_God_in_Islam" title="Names of God in Islam">Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirthankara" title="Tirthankara">Jainism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Names_of_God_in_Judaism" title="Names of God in Judaism">Judaism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="By_faith" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">By faith</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Christian" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christian_theology" title="Christian theology">Christian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Christian_theology" title="History of Christian theology">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Christian_theology" title="Outline of Christian theology">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_canon" title="Biblical canon">Biblical canon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_Christianity" title="Glossary of Christianity">Glossary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paterology" title="Paterology">Paterology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christology" title="Christology">Christology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pneumatology" title="Pneumatology">Pneumatology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_cosmology" title="Biblical cosmology">Cosmology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiology" title="Ecclesiology">Ecclesiology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_eschatology" title="Christian eschatology">Eschatology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_ethics" title="Christian ethics">Ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sin" title="Sin">Hamartiology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messianism" title="Messianism">Messianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_philosophy" title="Christian philosophy">Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_theology" title="Political theology">Political</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Practical_theology" title="Practical theology">Practical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_theology" title="Public theology">Public</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophiology" title="Sophiology">Sophiology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvation_in_Christianity" title="Salvation in Christianity">Soteriology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%C4%80stika_and_n%C4%81stika" title="Āstika and nāstika">Hindu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ayyavazhi_theology" title="Ayyavazhi theology">Ayyavazhi theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaishnavism" title="Vaishnavism">Krishnology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Schools_of_Islamic_theology" title="Schools of Islamic theology">Islamic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tawhid" title="Tawhid">Oneness</a> of <a href="/wiki/God_in_Islam" title="God in Islam">God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prophets_and_messengers_in_Islam" title="Prophets and messengers in Islam">Prophets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_holy_books" title="Islamic holy books">Holy Scriptures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angels_in_Islam" title="Angels in Islam">Angels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Predestination_in_Islam" title="Predestination in Islam">Predestination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_eschatology" title="Islamic eschatology">Last Judgment</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Jewish_theology" title="Category:Jewish 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