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class="social-profile-avatar-container"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" alt="MUHAMMAD A MAZHER" border="0" onerror="if (this.src != '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png') this.src = '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png';" width="200" height="200" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/693873/2692675/96472645/s200_muhammad.mazher.jpg" /></div><div class="title-container"><h1 class="ds2-5-heading-sans-serif-sm">MUHAMMAD A MAZHER</h1><div class="affiliations-container fake-truncate js-profile-affiliations"><div><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://iqbaltahir.academia.edu/">UNIVERSITY OF KUALA LUMPUR BUSINESS SCHOOL</a>, <a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://iqbaltahir.academia.edu/Departments/Business_School/Documents">Business School</a>, <span class="u-tcGrayDarker">Graduate Student</span></div></div></div></div><div class="sidebar-cta-container"><button class="ds2-5-button hidden profile-cta-button grow js-profile-follow-button" data-broccoli-component="user-info.follow-button" data-click-track="profile-user-info-follow-button" data-follow-user-fname="MUHAMMAD" data-follow-user-id="693873" data-follow-user-source="profile_button" data-has-google="false"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">add</span>Follow</button><button class="ds2-5-button hidden profile-cta-button grow js-profile-unfollow-button" data-broccoli-component="user-info.unfollow-button" data-click-track="profile-user-info-unfollow-button" data-unfollow-user-id="693873"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">done</span>Following</button></div></div><div class="user-stats-container"><a><div class="stat-container js-profile-followers"><p class="label">Followers</p><p class="data">37</p></div></a><a><div class="stat-container js-profile-followees" data-broccoli-component="user-info.followees-count" data-click-track="profile-expand-user-info-following"><p class="label">Following</p><p class="data">34</p></div></a><a><div class="stat-container js-profile-coauthors" data-broccoli-component="user-info.coauthors-count" data-click-track="profile-expand-user-info-coauthors"><p class="label">Co-author</p><p class="data">1</p></div></a><a href="/MUHAMMADMAZHER/mentions"><div class="stat-container"><p class="label">Mentions</p><p class="data">1</p></div></a><span><div class="stat-container"><p class="label"><span class="js-profile-total-view-text">Public Views</span></p><p class="data"><span class="js-profile-view-count"></span></p></div></span></div><div class="user-bio-container"><div class="profile-bio fake-truncate js-profile-about" style="margin: 0px;">Academics and Research Analyst - PhD Candidate (Management - Major in Economics)<br /><div class="js-profile-less-about u-linkUnstyled u-tcGrayDarker u-textDecorationUnderline u-displayNone">less</div></div></div><div class="external-links-container"><ul class="profile-links new-profile js-UserInfo-social"><li class="profile-profiles js-social-profiles-container"><i class="fa fa-spin fa-spinner"></i></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="right-panel-container"><div class="user-content-wrapper"><div class="uploads-container" id="social-redesign-work-container"><div class="upload-header"><h2 class="ds2-5-heading-sans-serif-xs">Uploads</h2></div><div class="documents-container backbone-social-profile-documents" style="width: 100%;"><div class="u-taCenter"></div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane active" id="all"><div class="profile--tab_heading_container js-section-heading" data-section="Papers" id="Papers"><h3 class="profile--tab_heading_container">Papers by MUHAMMAD A MAZHER</h3></div><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="115875947"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/115875947/External_Debt_NODA_and_GDP_Growth_Nexus_for_South_Asian_and_Southeast_Asian_Selected_Economies"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of External Debt, NODA, and GDP Growth Nexus for South Asian and Southeast Asian Selected Economies" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/115875947/External_Debt_NODA_and_GDP_Growth_Nexus_for_South_Asian_and_Southeast_Asian_Selected_Economies">External Debt, NODA, and GDP Growth Nexus for South Asian and Southeast Asian Selected Economies</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The fundamental aim of this study is to fetch out the influence of NODA (net official development...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The fundamental aim of this study is to fetch out the influence of NODA (net official development assistance) and EDS (external debt stock) on GDP growth in South Asian and Southeast Asian designated economies over 1971 to 2019. This study refers to the Solow-Swan model of economic growth as hypothetical framework in its elementary sort and employ factors such as NODA, EDS, savings, capital, depreciation, governance, and in addition total natural resources rent as control variable. Using panel data sourced from WDI (world development indicators). This study employed various econometric techniques comprise FEM (fixed effect model), panel cointegration, panel dynamic least square (DOLS), and Granger causality test for desired regression estimations. Empirical estimations evident that EDS has a negative and significant impact on GDP growth whereas, NODA had a negative and insignificant impact on GDP growth. A positive and significant influence of savings on GDP growth observed and estimation confirm that by increasing 1% in savings may cause an increase in GDP growth by 13.19 units. Capital has a positive and significant impact on GDP growth and estimation outcomes confirm that an increase of 1% in capital may cause an increase of 10.14 units. A negative and significant impact of depreciation on GDP growth revealed and it is intended that increasing 1% in depreciation may cause a decrease in GDP growth by 5.26 units. A positive and significant impact of TNRR on GDP growth revealed and estimations confirm that an increase of 1% in total natural resource rent may cause an increase in GDP growth by 0.099 units. While, impact of governance on GDP growth revealed insignificant. Lastly, it is also endorsed that a uni-directional Granger causality runs from GDP growth to EDS, EDS to NODA, and no causal relationship has been confirmed between NODA and GDP growth in SA and SEA designated economies over 1971 to 2019.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="115875947"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="115875947"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 115875947; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=115875947]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=115875947]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 115875947; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='115875947']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 115875947, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=115875947]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":115875947,"title":"External Debt, NODA, and GDP Growth Nexus for South Asian and Southeast Asian Selected Economies","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The fundamental aim of this study is to fetch out the influence of NODA (net official development assistance) and EDS (external debt stock) on GDP growth in South Asian and Southeast Asian designated economies over 1971 to 2019. 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Capital has a positive and significant impact on GDP growth and estimation outcomes confirm that an increase of 1% in capital may cause an increase of 10.14 units. A negative and significant impact of depreciation on GDP growth revealed and it is intended that increasing 1% in depreciation may cause a decrease in GDP growth by 5.26 units. A positive and significant impact of TNRR on GDP growth revealed and estimations confirm that an increase of 1% in total natural resource rent may cause an increase in GDP growth by 0.099 units. While, impact of governance on GDP growth revealed insignificant. Lastly, it is also endorsed that a uni-directional Granger causality runs from GDP growth to EDS, EDS to NODA, and no causal relationship has been confirmed between NODA and GDP growth in SA and SEA designated economies over 1971 to 2019.","publication_date":{"day":18,"month":5,"year":2022,"errors":{}}},"translated_abstract":"The fundamental aim of this study is to fetch out the influence of NODA (net official development assistance) and EDS (external debt stock) on GDP growth in South Asian and Southeast Asian designated economies over 1971 to 2019. This study refers to the Solow-Swan model of economic growth as hypothetical framework in its elementary sort and employ factors such as NODA, EDS, savings, capital, depreciation, governance, and in addition total natural resources rent as control variable. Using panel data sourced from WDI (world development indicators). This study employed various econometric techniques comprise FEM (fixed effect model), panel cointegration, panel dynamic least square (DOLS), and Granger causality test for desired regression estimations. Empirical estimations evident that EDS has a negative and significant impact on GDP growth whereas, NODA had a negative and insignificant impact on GDP growth. A positive and significant influence of savings on GDP growth observed and estimation confirm that by increasing 1% in savings may cause an increase in GDP growth by 13.19 units. Capital has a positive and significant impact on GDP growth and estimation outcomes confirm that an increase of 1% in capital may cause an increase of 10.14 units. A negative and significant impact of depreciation on GDP growth revealed and it is intended that increasing 1% in depreciation may cause a decrease in GDP growth by 5.26 units. A positive and significant impact of TNRR on GDP growth revealed and estimations confirm that an increase of 1% in total natural resource rent may cause an increase in GDP growth by 0.099 units. While, impact of governance on GDP growth revealed insignificant. 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Utilisation of natural resources can...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Natural resources are an invaluable asset for every country. Utilisation of natural resources can also provide inspiration and innovation in the development of SMEs which is currently one of the important sectors in the Indonesian economy. This research will review the literature related to the potential of natural resources that can be utilised in the development of SMEs as well as strategies that can be used to develop SMEs by utilising natural resources. The research in question is primarily qualitative in nature. The techniques employed to acquire information involve attentive observation and meticulous note-taking, followed by analytical procedures such as data reduction, visualisation, and inference. The results showed that the potential in natural resource utilisation is huge and can provide significant benefits to the local and national economy. SMEs that utilise natural resources effectively and sustainably can increase the added value of products, improve product competiti...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="59de6f67bc527d5389acc6317e9f46e8" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":109112005,"asset_id":111629728,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/109112005/download_file?st=MTczMzAxODIwNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="111629728"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="111629728"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 111629728; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=111629728]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=111629728]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 111629728; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='111629728']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 111629728, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "59de6f67bc527d5389acc6317e9f46e8" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=111629728]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":111629728,"title":"Utilisation of Natural Resources as a Source of Inspiration and Innovation in SME Development","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Natural resources are an invaluable asset for every country. 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SMEs that utilise natural resources effectively and sustainably can increase the added value of products, improve product competiti...","publisher":"Media Digital Publikasi Indonesia (MDPI)","ai_title_tag":"Natural Resource Utilization for SME Innovation in Indonesia","publication_name":"Apollo: Journal of Tourism and Business"},"translated_abstract":"Natural resources are an invaluable asset for every country. Utilisation of natural resources can also provide inspiration and innovation in the development of SMEs which is currently one of the important sectors in the Indonesian economy. This research will review the literature related to the potential of natural resources that can be utilised in the development of SMEs as well as strategies that can be used to develop SMEs by utilising natural resources. The research in question is primarily qualitative in nature. The techniques employed to acquire information involve attentive observation and meticulous note-taking, followed by analytical procedures such as data reduction, visualisation, and inference. The results showed that the potential in natural resource utilisation is huge and can provide significant benefits to the local and national economy. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="111629718"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/111629718/External_Debt_NODA_and_GDP_Growth_Nexus_for_South_Asian_and_Southeast_Asian_Selected_Economies"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of External Debt, NODA, and GDP Growth Nexus for South Asian and Southeast Asian Selected Economies" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/111629718/External_Debt_NODA_and_GDP_Growth_Nexus_for_South_Asian_and_Southeast_Asian_Selected_Economies">External Debt, NODA, and GDP Growth Nexus for South Asian and Southeast Asian Selected Economies</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The fundamental aim of this study is to fetch out the influence of NODA (net official development...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The fundamental aim of this study is to fetch out the influence of NODA (net official development assistance) and EDS (external debt stock) on GDP growth in South Asian and Southeast Asian designated economies over 1971 to 2019. This study refers to the Solow-Swan model of economic growth as hypothetical framework in its elementary sort and employ factors such as NODA, EDS, savings, capital, depreciation, governance, and in addition total natural resources rent as control variable. Using panel data sourced from WDI (world development indicators). This study employed various econometric techniques comprise FEM (fixed effect model), panel cointegration, panel dynamic least square (DOLS), and Granger causality test for desired regression estimations. Empirical estimations evident that EDS has a negative and significant impact on GDP growth whereas, NODA had a negative and insignificant impact on GDP growth. A positive and significant influence of savings on GDP growth observed and estimation confirm that by increasing 1% in savings may cause an increase in GDP growth by 13.19 units. Capital has a positive and significant impact on GDP growth and estimation outcomes confirm that an increase of 1% in capital may cause an increase of 10.14 units. A negative and significant impact of depreciation on GDP growth revealed and it is intended that increasing 1% in depreciation may cause a decrease in GDP growth by 5.26 units. A positive and significant impact of TNRR on GDP growth revealed and estimations confirm that an increase of 1% in total natural resource rent may cause an increase in GDP growth by 0.099 units. While, impact of governance on GDP growth revealed insignificant. Lastly, it is also endorsed that a uni-directional Granger causality runs from GDP growth to EDS, EDS to NODA, and no causal relationship has been confirmed between NODA and GDP growth in SA and SEA designated economies over 1971 to 2019.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="111629718"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="111629718"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 111629718; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=111629718]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=111629718]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 111629718; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='111629718']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 111629718, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=111629718]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":111629718,"title":"External Debt, NODA, and GDP Growth Nexus for South Asian and Southeast Asian Selected Economies","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The fundamental aim of this study is to fetch out the influence of NODA (net official development assistance) and EDS (external debt stock) on GDP growth in South Asian and Southeast Asian designated economies over 1971 to 2019. This study refers to the Solow-Swan model of economic growth as hypothetical framework in its elementary sort and employ factors such as NODA, EDS, savings, capital, depreciation, governance, and in addition total natural resources rent as control variable. Using panel data sourced from WDI (world development indicators). This study employed various econometric techniques comprise FEM (fixed effect model), panel cointegration, panel dynamic least square (DOLS), and Granger causality test for desired regression estimations. Empirical estimations evident that EDS has a negative and significant impact on GDP growth whereas, NODA had a negative and insignificant impact on GDP growth. A positive and significant influence of savings on GDP growth observed and estimation confirm that by increasing 1% in savings may cause an increase in GDP growth by 13.19 units. Capital has a positive and significant impact on GDP growth and estimation outcomes confirm that an increase of 1% in capital may cause an increase of 10.14 units. A negative and significant impact of depreciation on GDP growth revealed and it is intended that increasing 1% in depreciation may cause a decrease in GDP growth by 5.26 units. A positive and significant impact of TNRR on GDP growth revealed and estimations confirm that an increase of 1% in total natural resource rent may cause an increase in GDP growth by 0.099 units. While, impact of governance on GDP growth revealed insignificant. Lastly, it is also endorsed that a uni-directional Granger causality runs from GDP growth to EDS, EDS to NODA, and no causal relationship has been confirmed between NODA and GDP growth in SA and SEA designated economies over 1971 to 2019.","publication_date":{"day":26,"month":5,"year":2022,"errors":{}}},"translated_abstract":"The fundamental aim of this study is to fetch out the influence of NODA (net official development assistance) and EDS (external debt stock) on GDP growth in South Asian and Southeast Asian designated economies over 1971 to 2019. This study refers to the Solow-Swan model of economic growth as hypothetical framework in its elementary sort and employ factors such as NODA, EDS, savings, capital, depreciation, governance, and in addition total natural resources rent as control variable. Using panel data sourced from WDI (world development indicators). This study employed various econometric techniques comprise FEM (fixed effect model), panel cointegration, panel dynamic least square (DOLS), and Granger causality test for desired regression estimations. Empirical estimations evident that EDS has a negative and significant impact on GDP growth whereas, NODA had a negative and insignificant impact on GDP growth. A positive and significant influence of savings on GDP growth observed and estimation confirm that by increasing 1% in savings may cause an increase in GDP growth by 13.19 units. Capital has a positive and significant impact on GDP growth and estimation outcomes confirm that an increase of 1% in capital may cause an increase of 10.14 units. A negative and significant impact of depreciation on GDP growth revealed and it is intended that increasing 1% in depreciation may cause a decrease in GDP growth by 5.26 units. A positive and significant impact of TNRR on GDP growth revealed and estimations confirm that an increase of 1% in total natural resource rent may cause an increase in GDP growth by 0.099 units. While, impact of governance on GDP growth revealed insignificant. 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The empirical findings confirm that both intrinsic and extrinsic rewards have a positive and significant impact on employee performance for academic staff in private universities located in Lahore, Pakistan. The method of primary data study that we use allows us to collect the data using a questionnaire in a variety of private universities. Based on what we found, we think that it would be good for universities to offer incentives to their academic staff. These incentives could be either intrinsic or extrinsic, or they could be both.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="206f70cc4c804bfeed73531ad6f473b6" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":99567902,"asset_id":98132545,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/99567902/download_file?st=MTczMzAxODIwNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="98132545"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="98132545"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 98132545; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=98132545]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=98132545]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 98132545; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='98132545']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 98132545, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "206f70cc4c804bfeed73531ad6f473b6" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=98132545]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":98132545,"title":"Exploring Relationship between Intrinsic Rewards, Extrinsic Rewards, and Employee Performance in University Academics","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"This study investigates the relationship between employee performance at private universities in Lahore, Pakistan, and the extrinsic and intrinsic benefits that their employers provide them with. The empirical findings confirm that both intrinsic and extrinsic rewards have a positive and significant impact on employee performance for academic staff in private universities located in Lahore, Pakistan. The method of primary data study that we use allows us to collect the data using a questionnaire in a variety of private universities. Based on what we found, we think that it would be good for universities to offer incentives to their academic staff. These incentives could be either intrinsic or extrinsic, or they could be both.","publisher":"PT Formosa Cendekia Global","publication_name":"East Asian Journal of Multidisciplinary Research"},"translated_abstract":"This study investigates the relationship between employee performance at private universities in Lahore, Pakistan, and the extrinsic and intrinsic benefits that their employers provide them with. The empirical findings confirm that both intrinsic and extrinsic rewards have a positive and significant impact on employee performance for academic staff in private universities located in Lahore, Pakistan. The method of primary data study that we use allows us to collect the data using a questionnaire in a variety of private universities. Based on what we found, we think that it would be good for universities to offer incentives to their academic staff. These incentives could be either intrinsic or extrinsic, or they could be both.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/98132545/Exploring_Relationship_between_Intrinsic_Rewards_Extrinsic_Rewards_and_Employee_Performance_in_University_Academics","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2023-03-07T21:42:51.057-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":693873,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":99567902,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/99567902/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"1907.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/99567902/download_file?st=MTczMzAxODIwNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Exploring_Relationship_between_Intrinsic.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/99567902/1907-libre.pdf?1678258810=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DExploring_Relationship_between_Intrinsic.pdf\u0026Expires=1733009649\u0026Signature=gIosxRS5hauZOFs62MluH3U-dJ-ECUR7-rWbj~ICZcz3XlKiCir-gqMwRJPUomWjOSmfdRI7EsaFvCT0ZAzweKhyzl6or3qel1PlpKIfbkYfbosmAjxSnpsuw5unuC8LY4W7OXHAYGG6OL2yW~jIROzGaXGZXZ2sCvO4jBv-rP7ci4wkARe~O9KQVJLvopZXgnKnEtZsCt881ID-OG62qSsi0P2zRUiitAbfPYtUrfB9S65Jy0AJncnUbKguheSIlPFo6HeXIf2kEW-v2ZRyKV4YsmQNwKY5ppfbt0NqIbnrv3Fgwv-QbPqOl72pfvfxYP64F~vPdvWp-dHQ1ollBg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Exploring_Relationship_between_Intrinsic_Rewards_Extrinsic_Rewards_and_Employee_Performance_in_University_Academics","translated_slug":"","page_count":16,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":693873,"first_name":"MUHAMMAD","middle_initials":"A","last_name":"MAZHER","page_name":"MUHAMMADMAZHER","domain_name":"iqbaltahir","created_at":"2011-08-28T09:47:42.987-07:00","display_name":"MUHAMMAD A MAZHER","url":"https://iqbaltahir.academia.edu/MUHAMMADMAZHER"},"attachments":[{"id":99567902,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/99567902/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"1907.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/99567902/download_file?st=MTczMzAxODIwNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Exploring_Relationship_between_Intrinsic.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/99567902/1907-libre.pdf?1678258810=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DExploring_Relationship_between_Intrinsic.pdf\u0026Expires=1733009649\u0026Signature=gIosxRS5hauZOFs62MluH3U-dJ-ECUR7-rWbj~ICZcz3XlKiCir-gqMwRJPUomWjOSmfdRI7EsaFvCT0ZAzweKhyzl6or3qel1PlpKIfbkYfbosmAjxSnpsuw5unuC8LY4W7OXHAYGG6OL2yW~jIROzGaXGZXZ2sCvO4jBv-rP7ci4wkARe~O9KQVJLvopZXgnKnEtZsCt881ID-OG62qSsi0P2zRUiitAbfPYtUrfB9S65Jy0AJncnUbKguheSIlPFo6HeXIf2kEW-v2ZRyKV4YsmQNwKY5ppfbt0NqIbnrv3Fgwv-QbPqOl72pfvfxYP64F~vPdvWp-dHQ1ollBg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":38,"name":"Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Management"},{"id":724,"name":"Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics"},{"id":727,"name":"Development Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Development_Economics"},{"id":23986,"name":"Intrinsic motivation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intrinsic_motivation"},{"id":185860,"name":"Incentive","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Incentive"}],"urls":[{"id":29590389,"url":"https://journal.formosapublisher.org/index.php/eajmr/article/download/1921/1907"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="98132534"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/98132534/Causal_Relationship_Among_SME_s_Import_Export_Deposits_and_Small_Manufacturing_Contribution_to_GDP_Toda_Yamamoto_Analysis"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Causal Relationship Among SME’s Import, Export, Deposits, and Small Manufacturing Contribution to GDP – Toda Yamamoto Analysis" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/98132534/Causal_Relationship_Among_SME_s_Import_Export_Deposits_and_Small_Manufacturing_Contribution_to_GDP_Toda_Yamamoto_Analysis">Causal Relationship Among SME’s Import, Export, Deposits, and Small Manufacturing Contribution to GDP – Toda Yamamoto Analysis</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Review of economics and development studies</span><span>, Dec 31, 2022</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The purpose of the study was to identify the causal relationship between Pakistani SMEs&amp;#39; ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The purpose of the study was to identify the causal relationship between Pakistani SMEs&amp;#39; imports, exports, domestic deposits, and GDP in the small manufacturing sector over 2007-Q1 to 2020-Q4. Granger causality is a revolutionary and cutting-edge econometric technique that was presented by Toda and Yamamoto (1995). This technique enabled us to identify various kinds of observations, all of which are discussed in detail in the concluding part of the article. Four-causal relationship among the variables which revealed the empirical results. (i) fluctuations in exports values, total imports values and deposit in domestic currency may cause the changes in GDP of small manufacturing sector in Pakistan (ii) fluctuations in GDP of small manufacturing and deposits in domestic currency may cause the changes in total exports value in SME sector in Pakistan while changes in total imports value do not make the cause of changes in total exports value in Pakistan SME sector (iii) fluctuations in GDP of small manufacturing and total exports value may cause the changes in total imports value in SME sector in Pakistan while changes in deposit in domestic currency do not make the cause of changes in total imports value in SME sector in Pakistan and (iv) fluctuations in GDP of small manufacturing, total exports value, and total import values does not make the cause of changes in deposit in domestic currency in SME sector in Pakistan. Using secondary data and an estimation method to take into account new factors, the study also makes a big contribution to the ongoing research on SMEs in Pakistan.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="98132534"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="98132534"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 98132534; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=98132534]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=98132534]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 98132534; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='98132534']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 98132534, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=98132534]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":98132534,"title":"Causal Relationship Among SME’s Import, Export, Deposits, and Small Manufacturing Contribution to GDP – Toda Yamamoto Analysis","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The purpose of the study was to identify the causal relationship between Pakistani SMEs\u0026amp;#39; imports, exports, domestic deposits, and GDP in the small manufacturing sector over 2007-Q1 to 2020-Q4. Granger causality is a revolutionary and cutting-edge econometric technique that was presented by Toda and Yamamoto (1995). This technique enabled us to identify various kinds of observations, all of which are discussed in detail in the concluding part of the article. Four-causal relationship among the variables which revealed the empirical results. (i) fluctuations in exports values, total imports values and deposit in domestic currency may cause the changes in GDP of small manufacturing sector in Pakistan (ii) fluctuations in GDP of small manufacturing and deposits in domestic currency may cause the changes in total exports value in SME sector in Pakistan while changes in total imports value do not make the cause of changes in total exports value in Pakistan SME sector (iii) fluctuations in GDP of small manufacturing and total exports value may cause the changes in total imports value in SME sector in Pakistan while changes in deposit in domestic currency do not make the cause of changes in total imports value in SME sector in Pakistan and (iv) fluctuations in GDP of small manufacturing, total exports value, and total import values does not make the cause of changes in deposit in domestic currency in SME sector in Pakistan. Using secondary data and an estimation method to take into account new factors, the study also makes a big contribution to the ongoing research on SMEs in Pakistan.","publisher":"South Punjab Center for Research and Development (SPCRD)","publication_date":{"day":31,"month":12,"year":2022,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Review of economics and development studies"},"translated_abstract":"The purpose of the study was to identify the causal relationship between Pakistani SMEs\u0026amp;#39; imports, exports, domestic deposits, and GDP in the small manufacturing sector over 2007-Q1 to 2020-Q4. Granger causality is a revolutionary and cutting-edge econometric technique that was presented by Toda and Yamamoto (1995). This technique enabled us to identify various kinds of observations, all of which are discussed in detail in the concluding part of the article. Four-causal relationship among the variables which revealed the empirical results. (i) fluctuations in exports values, total imports values and deposit in domestic currency may cause the changes in GDP of small manufacturing sector in Pakistan (ii) fluctuations in GDP of small manufacturing and deposits in domestic currency may cause the changes in total exports value in SME sector in Pakistan while changes in total imports value do not make the cause of changes in total exports value in Pakistan SME sector (iii) fluctuations in GDP of small manufacturing and total exports value may cause the changes in total imports value in SME sector in Pakistan while changes in deposit in domestic currency do not make the cause of changes in total imports value in SME sector in Pakistan and (iv) fluctuations in GDP of small manufacturing, total exports value, and total import values does not make the cause of changes in deposit in domestic currency in SME sector in Pakistan. Using secondary data and an estimation method to take into account new factors, the study also makes a big contribution to the ongoing research on SMEs in Pakistan.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/98132534/Causal_Relationship_Among_SME_s_Import_Export_Deposits_and_Small_Manufacturing_Contribution_to_GDP_Toda_Yamamoto_Analysis","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2023-03-07T21:42:14.261-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":693873,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Causal_Relationship_Among_SME_s_Import_Export_Deposits_and_Small_Manufacturing_Contribution_to_GDP_Toda_Yamamoto_Analysis","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":693873,"first_name":"MUHAMMAD","middle_initials":"A","last_name":"MAZHER","page_name":"MUHAMMADMAZHER","domain_name":"iqbaltahir","created_at":"2011-08-28T09:47:42.987-07:00","display_name":"MUHAMMAD A MAZHER","url":"https://iqbaltahir.academia.edu/MUHAMMADMAZHER"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":38,"name":"Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Management"},{"id":724,"name":"Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics"},{"id":271890,"name":"Currency","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Currency"},{"id":487345,"name":"Economics and Development studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics_and_Development_studies"}],"urls":[{"id":29590382,"url":"https://doi.org/10.47067/reads.v8i4.469"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="95461214"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/95461214/Causal_Relationship_Among_SMEs_Import_Export_Deposits_and_Small_Manufacturing_Contribution_to_GDP_Toda_Yamamoto_Analysis"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Causal Relationship Among SME's Import, Export, Deposits, and Small Manufacturing Contribution to GDP -Toda Yamamoto Analysis" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/97637766/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/95461214/Causal_Relationship_Among_SMEs_Import_Export_Deposits_and_Small_Manufacturing_Contribution_to_GDP_Toda_Yamamoto_Analysis">Causal Relationship Among SME's Import, Export, Deposits, and Small Manufacturing Contribution to GDP -Toda Yamamoto Analysis</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Review of Economics and Development Studies</span><span>, 2022</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The purpose of the study was to identify the causal relationship between Pakistani SMEs' imports,...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The purpose of the study was to identify the causal relationship between Pakistani SMEs' imports, exports, domestic deposits, and GDP in the small manufacturing sector over 2007-Q1 to 2020-Q4. Granger causality is a revolutionary and cutting-edge econometric technique that was presented by Toda and Yamamoto (1995). This technique enabled us to identify various kinds of observations, all of which are discussed in detail in the concluding part of the article. Four-causal relationship among the variables which revealed the empirical results. (i) fluctuations in exports values, total imports values and deposit in domestic currency may cause the changes in GDP of small manufacturing sector in Pakistan (ii) fluctuations in GDP of small manufacturing and deposits in domestic currency may cause the changes in total exports value in SME sector in Pakistan while changes in total imports value do not make the cause of changes in total exports value in Pakistan SME sector (iii) fluctuations in GDP of small manufacturing and total exports value may cause the changes in total imports value in SME sector in Pakistan while changes in deposit in domestic currency do not make the cause of changes in total imports value in SME sector in Pakistan and (iv) fluctuations in GDP of small manufacturing, total exports value, and total import values does not make the cause of changes in deposit in domestic currency in SME sector in Pakistan. Using secondary data and an estimation method to take into account new factors, the study also makes a big contribution to the ongoing research on SMEs in Pakistan.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="d168a856b6c6f974e1b3f5a89d79ceac" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":97637766,"asset_id":95461214,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/97637766/download_file?st=MTczMzAxODIwNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="95461214"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="95461214"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 95461214; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=95461214]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=95461214]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 95461214; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='95461214']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 95461214, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "d168a856b6c6f974e1b3f5a89d79ceac" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=95461214]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":95461214,"title":"Causal Relationship Among SME's Import, Export, Deposits, and Small Manufacturing Contribution to GDP -Toda Yamamoto Analysis","translated_title":"","metadata":{"doi":"10.47067/reads.v8i4.469","abstract":"The purpose of the study was to identify the causal relationship between Pakistani SMEs' imports, exports, domestic deposits, and GDP in the small manufacturing sector over 2007-Q1 to 2020-Q4. Granger causality is a revolutionary and cutting-edge econometric technique that was presented by Toda and Yamamoto (1995). This technique enabled us to identify various kinds of observations, all of which are discussed in detail in the concluding part of the article. Four-causal relationship among the variables which revealed the empirical results. (i) fluctuations in exports values, total imports values and deposit in domestic currency may cause the changes in GDP of small manufacturing sector in Pakistan (ii) fluctuations in GDP of small manufacturing and deposits in domestic currency may cause the changes in total exports value in SME sector in Pakistan while changes in total imports value do not make the cause of changes in total exports value in Pakistan SME sector (iii) fluctuations in GDP of small manufacturing and total exports value may cause the changes in total imports value in SME sector in Pakistan while changes in deposit in domestic currency do not make the cause of changes in total imports value in SME sector in Pakistan and (iv) fluctuations in GDP of small manufacturing, total exports value, and total import values does not make the cause of changes in deposit in domestic currency in SME sector in Pakistan. Using secondary data and an estimation method to take into account new factors, the study also makes a big contribution to the ongoing research on SMEs in Pakistan.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2022,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Review of Economics and Development Studies"},"translated_abstract":"The purpose of the study was to identify the causal relationship between Pakistani SMEs' imports, exports, domestic deposits, and GDP in the small manufacturing sector over 2007-Q1 to 2020-Q4. Granger causality is a revolutionary and cutting-edge econometric technique that was presented by Toda and Yamamoto (1995). This technique enabled us to identify various kinds of observations, all of which are discussed in detail in the concluding part of the article. Four-causal relationship among the variables which revealed the empirical results. (i) fluctuations in exports values, total imports values and deposit in domestic currency may cause the changes in GDP of small manufacturing sector in Pakistan (ii) fluctuations in GDP of small manufacturing and deposits in domestic currency may cause the changes in total exports value in SME sector in Pakistan while changes in total imports value do not make the cause of changes in total exports value in Pakistan SME sector (iii) fluctuations in GDP of small manufacturing and total exports value may cause the changes in total imports value in SME sector in Pakistan while changes in deposit in domestic currency do not make the cause of changes in total imports value in SME sector in Pakistan and (iv) fluctuations in GDP of small manufacturing, total exports value, and total import values does not make the cause of changes in deposit in domestic currency in SME sector in Pakistan. Using secondary data and an estimation method to take into account new factors, the study also makes a big contribution to the ongoing research on SMEs in Pakistan.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/95461214/Causal_Relationship_Among_SMEs_Import_Export_Deposits_and_Small_Manufacturing_Contribution_to_GDP_Toda_Yamamoto_Analysis","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2023-01-22T04:20:33.734-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":693873,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[{"id":39393061,"work_id":95461214,"tagging_user_id":693873,"tagged_user_id":null,"co_author_invite_id":6966842,"email":"m***r@s.unikl.edu.my","display_order":1,"name":"Muhammad Mazher","title":"Causal Relationship Among SME's Import, Export, Deposits, and Small Manufacturing Contribution to GDP -Toda Yamamoto Analysis"}],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":97637766,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/97637766/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Causal_Relationship_Among_SME_s_Import_Export_Deposits_and_Small.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/97637766/download_file?st=MTczMzAxODIwNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Causal_Relationship_Among_SMEs_Import_Ex.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/97637766/Causal_Relationship_Among_SME_s_Import_Export_Deposits_and_Small-libre.pdf?1674393767=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DCausal_Relationship_Among_SMEs_Import_Ex.pdf\u0026Expires=1733009649\u0026Signature=cMBdLPtYXG~AgwbBwnK-weobLoe5safk7pynDBQbWeL1Ze37LxjE~q9wSz9RwDJmA4SZJImebv6-wcyDzaOa-BkGV8hV5L4241l5I4dg8b~FYBQvNFavnykPwWQOIs6xtkwcuk8OvuAWzSN10-3DPN3N8VFKpChT9UmXCdJFvBcf4BgBdQVwZHTmlfThwMar~4rhiN4sxJy01~4DNAH793a3sTSnykvPXfZy9jX2kEQlbu8RIVVsbHl7sW2cDPAqgIdzUb06WdwRSOJvZbbBleS1STpWfLdYj-lalbWU3oT2gKTAoK4U8HexolMQmSnvuzHVrBQIUIRFGnU5kr0TSg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Causal_Relationship_Among_SMEs_Import_Export_Deposits_and_Small_Manufacturing_Contribution_to_GDP_Toda_Yamamoto_Analysis","translated_slug":"","page_count":8,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":693873,"first_name":"MUHAMMAD","middle_initials":"A","last_name":"MAZHER","page_name":"MUHAMMADMAZHER","domain_name":"iqbaltahir","created_at":"2011-08-28T09:47:42.987-07:00","display_name":"MUHAMMAD A MAZHER","url":"https://iqbaltahir.academia.edu/MUHAMMADMAZHER"},"attachments":[{"id":97637766,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/97637766/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Causal_Relationship_Among_SME_s_Import_Export_Deposits_and_Small.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/97637766/download_file?st=MTczMzAxODIwNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Causal_Relationship_Among_SMEs_Import_Ex.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/97637766/Causal_Relationship_Among_SME_s_Import_Export_Deposits_and_Small-libre.pdf?1674393767=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DCausal_Relationship_Among_SMEs_Import_Ex.pdf\u0026Expires=1733009649\u0026Signature=cMBdLPtYXG~AgwbBwnK-weobLoe5safk7pynDBQbWeL1Ze37LxjE~q9wSz9RwDJmA4SZJImebv6-wcyDzaOa-BkGV8hV5L4241l5I4dg8b~FYBQvNFavnykPwWQOIs6xtkwcuk8OvuAWzSN10-3DPN3N8VFKpChT9UmXCdJFvBcf4BgBdQVwZHTmlfThwMar~4rhiN4sxJy01~4DNAH793a3sTSnykvPXfZy9jX2kEQlbu8RIVVsbHl7sW2cDPAqgIdzUb06WdwRSOJvZbbBleS1STpWfLdYj-lalbWU3oT2gKTAoK4U8HexolMQmSnvuzHVrBQIUIRFGnU5kr0TSg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":38,"name":"Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Management"},{"id":724,"name":"Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="93899552"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/93899552/Exploring_Relationship_between_Intrinsic_Rewards_Extrinsic_Rewards_and_Employee_Performance_in_University_Academics"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Exploring Relationship between Intrinsic Rewards, Extrinsic Rewards, and Employee Performance in University Academics" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/96508953/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/93899552/Exploring_Relationship_between_Intrinsic_Rewards_Extrinsic_Rewards_and_Employee_Performance_in_University_Academics">Exploring Relationship between Intrinsic Rewards, Extrinsic Rewards, and Employee Performance in University Academics</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This study investigates the relationship between employee performance at private universities in...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This study investigates the relationship between <br />employee performance at private universities in <br />Lahore, Pakistan, and the extrinsic and intrinsic <br />benefits that their employers provide them with. <br />The empirical findings confirm that both <br />intrinsic and extrinsic rewards have a positive <br />and significant impact on employee <br />performance for academic staff in private <br />universities located in Lahore, Pakistan. The <br />method of primary data study that we use <br />allows us to collect the data using a <br />questionnaire in a variety of private universities. <br />Based on what we found, we think that it would <br />be good for universities to offer incentives to <br />their academic staff. These incentives could be <br />either intrinsic or extrinsic or they could be <br />both.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="cfc566a5867d59338041603d245f7e15" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":96508953,"asset_id":93899552,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/96508953/download_file?st=MTczMzAxODIwNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="93899552"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="93899552"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 93899552; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=93899552]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=93899552]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 93899552; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='93899552']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 93899552, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "cfc566a5867d59338041603d245f7e15" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=93899552]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":93899552,"title":"Exploring Relationship between Intrinsic Rewards, Extrinsic Rewards, and Employee Performance in University Academics","translated_title":"","metadata":{"doi":"10.55927/eajmr.v1i11.1921","abstract":"This study investigates the relationship between \nemployee performance at private universities in \nLahore, Pakistan, and the extrinsic and intrinsic \nbenefits that their employers provide them with. \nThe empirical findings confirm that both \nintrinsic and extrinsic rewards have a positive \nand significant impact on employee \nperformance for academic staff in private \nuniversities located in Lahore, Pakistan. The \nmethod of primary data study that we use \nallows us to collect the data using a \nquestionnaire in a variety of private universities. \nBased on what we found, we think that it would \nbe good for universities to offer incentives to \ntheir academic staff. These incentives could be \neither intrinsic or extrinsic or they could be \nboth.","ai_title_tag":"Intrinsic and Extrinsic Rewards Impact on University Staff Performance","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2022,"errors":{}}},"translated_abstract":"This study investigates the relationship between \nemployee performance at private universities in \nLahore, Pakistan, and the extrinsic and intrinsic \nbenefits that their employers provide them with. \nThe empirical findings confirm that both \nintrinsic and extrinsic rewards have a positive \nand significant impact on employee \nperformance for academic staff in private \nuniversities located in Lahore, Pakistan. The \nmethod of primary data study that we use \nallows us to collect the data using a \nquestionnaire in a variety of private universities. \nBased on what we found, we think that it would \nbe good for universities to offer incentives to \ntheir academic staff. These incentives could be \neither intrinsic or extrinsic or they could be \nboth.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/93899552/Exploring_Relationship_between_Intrinsic_Rewards_Extrinsic_Rewards_and_Employee_Performance_in_University_Academics","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2022-12-28T20:18:09.132-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":693873,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[{"id":39267097,"work_id":93899552,"tagging_user_id":693873,"tagged_user_id":null,"co_author_invite_id":6966842,"email":"m***r@s.unikl.edu.my","display_order":1,"name":"Muhammad Mazher","title":"Exploring Relationship between Intrinsic Rewards, Extrinsic Rewards, and Employee Performance in University Academics"}],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":96508953,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/96508953/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Exploring_Relationship_between_Intrinsic_Rewards_Extrinsic.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/96508953/download_file?st=MTczMzAxODIwNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Exploring_Relationship_between_Intrinsic.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/96508953/Exploring_Relationship_between_Intrinsic_Rewards_Extrinsic-libre.pdf?1672290100=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DExploring_Relationship_between_Intrinsic.pdf\u0026Expires=1733009649\u0026Signature=IZ5ybq~~gg6sD7khL3lqvYHXNQK8CmeQxBAb~DuyDyzgJvFAyU2iLY~xe9NHnWKNGaNAWK~XDRMwV0b~UJwjB2Bc3V0BKHZY6BPN9YnS2f4EnJ1dW0byKycxcUOr1DBk59I1LwIg4bHTlnjJaDKTfqNUOPPVyR1M35WEsKbxvrXAc4NxIRucedULuahZ0LeGEPfZwbjHwq6nolTuiXiKbWIWCTThy59PxP2BgHVMiDx8YBr-Pw3oJktC2JoZxBBt~H6jtosWXigQ4RUvbw1umFdRxKGQ~qVttJ7DyEsvm7ZID0FRZOYBNukcU-V3rybwAVARGFoHejW7y7ttIoyZag__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Exploring_Relationship_between_Intrinsic_Rewards_Extrinsic_Rewards_and_Employee_Performance_in_University_Academics","translated_slug":"","page_count":16,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":693873,"first_name":"MUHAMMAD","middle_initials":"A","last_name":"MAZHER","page_name":"MUHAMMADMAZHER","domain_name":"iqbaltahir","created_at":"2011-08-28T09:47:42.987-07:00","display_name":"MUHAMMAD A MAZHER","url":"https://iqbaltahir.academia.edu/MUHAMMADMAZHER"},"attachments":[{"id":96508953,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/96508953/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Exploring_Relationship_between_Intrinsic_Rewards_Extrinsic.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/96508953/download_file?st=MTczMzAxODIwNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Exploring_Relationship_between_Intrinsic.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/96508953/Exploring_Relationship_between_Intrinsic_Rewards_Extrinsic-libre.pdf?1672290100=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DExploring_Relationship_between_Intrinsic.pdf\u0026Expires=1733009649\u0026Signature=IZ5ybq~~gg6sD7khL3lqvYHXNQK8CmeQxBAb~DuyDyzgJvFAyU2iLY~xe9NHnWKNGaNAWK~XDRMwV0b~UJwjB2Bc3V0BKHZY6BPN9YnS2f4EnJ1dW0byKycxcUOr1DBk59I1LwIg4bHTlnjJaDKTfqNUOPPVyR1M35WEsKbxvrXAc4NxIRucedULuahZ0LeGEPfZwbjHwq6nolTuiXiKbWIWCTThy59PxP2BgHVMiDx8YBr-Pw3oJktC2JoZxBBt~H6jtosWXigQ4RUvbw1umFdRxKGQ~qVttJ7DyEsvm7ZID0FRZOYBNukcU-V3rybwAVARGFoHejW7y7ttIoyZag__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":38,"name":"Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Management"},{"id":724,"name":"Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics"},{"id":727,"name":"Development Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Development_Economics"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="83643769"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/83643769/Renewable_Nonrenewable_Energy_Consumption_and_Economic_Growth_Nexus_New_Evidence_from_the_Malaysian_Economy"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Renewable, Nonrenewable Energy Consumption, and Economic Growth Nexus: New Evidence from the Malaysian Economy" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/88921037/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/83643769/Renewable_Nonrenewable_Energy_Consumption_and_Economic_Growth_Nexus_New_Evidence_from_the_Malaysian_Economy">Renewable, Nonrenewable Energy Consumption, and Economic Growth Nexus: New Evidence from the Malaysian Economy</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Purpose: This research explores the relationship between renewable and non-renewable energy consu...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Purpose: This research explores the relationship between renewable and non-renewable energy consumption and Malaysian economic growth from 1990 to 2014. Design/ Method/ Approach: We have used the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Bounds test to achieve the primary research objectives. Findings: The findings revealed a positive and significant relationship between Malaysia's nonrenewable energy consumption, labour force, and RGDP. Malaysia's RGDP has a significant and negative relationship with net financial accounts. Research limitations: This study examines Malaysian economic time series data from 1990 to 2014. Practical implications: This study adds new insights into Malaysian renewable and nonrenewable energy consumption and its relationship to economic growth. As a result, empirical findings suggest that the Malaysian government establish adequate subsidies for renewable energy production, such as investment subsidies, tax breaks, credit sequels, and rebates.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="51c003db552690aa4bb3dda9fb469410" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":88921037,"asset_id":83643769,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/88921037/download_file?st=MTczMzAxODIwNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="83643769"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="83643769"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 83643769; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=83643769]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=83643769]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 83643769; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='83643769']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 83643769, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "51c003db552690aa4bb3dda9fb469410" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=83643769]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":83643769,"title":"Renewable, Nonrenewable Energy Consumption, and Economic Growth Nexus: New Evidence from the Malaysian Economy","translated_title":"","metadata":{"doi":"10.30566/ijo-bs/2022.07.92","abstract":"Purpose: This research explores the relationship between renewable and non-renewable energy consumption and Malaysian economic growth from 1990 to 2014. Design/ Method/ Approach: We have used the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Bounds test to achieve the primary research objectives. Findings: The findings revealed a positive and significant relationship between Malaysia's nonrenewable energy consumption, labour force, and RGDP. Malaysia's RGDP has a significant and negative relationship with net financial accounts. Research limitations: This study examines Malaysian economic time series data from 1990 to 2014. Practical implications: This study adds new insights into Malaysian renewable and nonrenewable energy consumption and its relationship to economic growth. As a result, empirical findings suggest that the Malaysian government establish adequate subsidies for renewable energy production, such as investment subsidies, tax breaks, credit sequels, and rebates.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2022,"errors":{}}},"translated_abstract":"Purpose: This research explores the relationship between renewable and non-renewable energy consumption and Malaysian economic growth from 1990 to 2014. Design/ Method/ Approach: We have used the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Bounds test to achieve the primary research objectives. Findings: The findings revealed a positive and significant relationship between Malaysia's nonrenewable energy consumption, labour force, and RGDP. Malaysia's RGDP has a significant and negative relationship with net financial accounts. Research limitations: This study examines Malaysian economic time series data from 1990 to 2014. Practical implications: This study adds new insights into Malaysian renewable and nonrenewable energy consumption and its relationship to economic growth. As a result, empirical findings suggest that the Malaysian government establish adequate subsidies for renewable energy production, such as investment subsidies, tax breaks, credit sequels, and rebates.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/83643769/Renewable_Nonrenewable_Energy_Consumption_and_Economic_Growth_Nexus_New_Evidence_from_the_Malaysian_Economy","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2022-07-24T06:01:11.160-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":693873,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[{"id":38576597,"work_id":83643769,"tagging_user_id":693873,"tagged_user_id":null,"co_author_invite_id":6966842,"email":"m***r@s.unikl.edu.my","display_order":1,"name":"Muhammad Mazher","title":"Renewable, Nonrenewable Energy Consumption, and Economic Growth Nexus: New Evidence from the Malaysian Economy"}],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":88921037,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/88921037/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"10.30566ijo_bs.2022.07.92.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/88921037/download_file?st=MTczMzAxODIwNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Renewable_Nonrenewable_Energy_Consumptio.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/88921037/10.30566ijo_bs.2022.07.92-libre.pdf?1658669271=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DRenewable_Nonrenewable_Energy_Consumptio.pdf\u0026Expires=1733009649\u0026Signature=XhSy9D1pNLqD373~hAazMUl-gaeu0h1VKFtnl46w9c-GQc9H~Lqs8goVCUS~MRwKzEStJ4bRbP5xQqYm6Pk44lYjBaBGV7Z0YR03J396BkFt0H-gp36R7nEO006DHS8uridgp9C3AvNIYl-dKHu7itKl-ZqBdcm7moG0ex54UU8vwHP643gKHwKaUA6~oLzw7KHUKLJepFxd3OZWL7WglvpD-Jxy8v4cHKCOks5HrMQZTZt4JgrOi8rSFgVXaEro-Adxy~ZszoAjTVxZviYFicUZAsypSvoYPRTBosRLZTo2JuZwSdrApWg55kTS-cOh1Mc6rcGzXpZzB29A03U4Nw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Renewable_Nonrenewable_Energy_Consumption_and_Economic_Growth_Nexus_New_Evidence_from_the_Malaysian_Economy","translated_slug":"","page_count":7,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":693873,"first_name":"MUHAMMAD","middle_initials":"A","last_name":"MAZHER","page_name":"MUHAMMADMAZHER","domain_name":"iqbaltahir","created_at":"2011-08-28T09:47:42.987-07:00","display_name":"MUHAMMAD A MAZHER","url":"https://iqbaltahir.academia.edu/MUHAMMADMAZHER"},"attachments":[{"id":88921037,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/88921037/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"10.30566ijo_bs.2022.07.92.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/88921037/download_file?st=MTczMzAxODIwNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Renewable_Nonrenewable_Energy_Consumptio.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/88921037/10.30566ijo_bs.2022.07.92-libre.pdf?1658669271=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DRenewable_Nonrenewable_Energy_Consumptio.pdf\u0026Expires=1733009649\u0026Signature=XhSy9D1pNLqD373~hAazMUl-gaeu0h1VKFtnl46w9c-GQc9H~Lqs8goVCUS~MRwKzEStJ4bRbP5xQqYm6Pk44lYjBaBGV7Z0YR03J396BkFt0H-gp36R7nEO006DHS8uridgp9C3AvNIYl-dKHu7itKl-ZqBdcm7moG0ex54UU8vwHP643gKHwKaUA6~oLzw7KHUKLJepFxd3OZWL7WglvpD-Jxy8v4cHKCOks5HrMQZTZt4JgrOi8rSFgVXaEro-Adxy~ZszoAjTVxZviYFicUZAsypSvoYPRTBosRLZTo2JuZwSdrApWg55kTS-cOh1Mc6rcGzXpZzB29A03U4Nw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":724,"name":"Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics"},{"id":55840,"name":"Business Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_Management"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); 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Research Methodology: Through evaluation of the theoretical and empirical literature, we estimate the influence of official development assistance, trade openness, foreign direct investment, inflation, and gross capital formation on the gross domestic product of Pakistan. To accomplish the required concerns, we implied the Unit-Root test, and the Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model Bound analysis. Results: No significant relationship revealed between inflation and official development assistance. In contrast, the openness of trade and foreign direct investment shows a significant positive relationship with the gross domestic product of Pakistan. Similarly, gross capital formation has a negative but significant connection with the gross domestic product of Pakistan. For the short-run period, trade openness, foreign direct investment, and inflation impart to a positive and significant relationship; however, gross capital formation presents a negative but significant linking with gross domestic product. Limitations: Our study covers the Pakistan economy time-series data over the 1970-2018 period. Contribution: Our study is helpful for the Pakistani economic policy formation, particularly useful for academics and researchers to understand the basic concept related to 'not-aid but-trade' philosophy.","publication_name":"International Journal of Financial, Accounting, and Management","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":82645530},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/74523875/Not_aid_but_trade_an_application_of_ARDL_bound_test_for_Pakistan_economy","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2022-03-25T01:31:53.500-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":693873,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":82645530,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/82645530/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"50.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/82645530/download_file?st=MTczMzAxODIwNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Not_aid_but_trade_an_application_of_ARDL.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/82645530/50-libre.pdf?1648199590=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DNot_aid_but_trade_an_application_of_ARDL.pdf\u0026Expires=1733009649\u0026Signature=L2aNwHzOWSe8Rdb~9gCEk0ck~reG4mMwPqo2VohG~AZBXRSzBGs1x0WAO2QUDtT2gXADjyyY5fqqRlIj9AJ79Lxf3nZUFGtp7MzzCNSTUTCBy1zzW2SisFHSvl2-~Z-S7bJOhV2vCTjY~ThtErqaeI0uXZ~TQJak5Jr2VUw7Ft3Ld8j2CWyHDcWyHQ8SseXqfXNX6Ber-aEpHQ3qN2XI17rq-XfSqDg3ef7enm0tfwRRaqR4GwUNZcNtE~It6q0kxH7oIAn0jeaIebdmHcIDy6iloDBibq2tTH1gJ9opUpvsEU5zZUJFIQtJrlp43yYJIWk-w~ITsoBJZsv1TK6Qqw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Not_aid_but_trade_an_application_of_ARDL_bound_test_for_Pakistan_economy","translated_slug":"","page_count":14,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":693873,"first_name":"MUHAMMAD","middle_initials":"A","last_name":"MAZHER","page_name":"MUHAMMADMAZHER","domain_name":"iqbaltahir","created_at":"2011-08-28T09:47:42.987-07:00","display_name":"MUHAMMAD A MAZHER","url":"https://iqbaltahir.academia.edu/MUHAMMADMAZHER"},"attachments":[{"id":82645530,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/82645530/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"50.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/82645530/download_file?st=MTczMzAxODIwNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Not_aid_but_trade_an_application_of_ARDL.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/82645530/50-libre.pdf?1648199590=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DNot_aid_but_trade_an_application_of_ARDL.pdf\u0026Expires=1733009649\u0026Signature=L2aNwHzOWSe8Rdb~9gCEk0ck~reG4mMwPqo2VohG~AZBXRSzBGs1x0WAO2QUDtT2gXADjyyY5fqqRlIj9AJ79Lxf3nZUFGtp7MzzCNSTUTCBy1zzW2SisFHSvl2-~Z-S7bJOhV2vCTjY~ThtErqaeI0uXZ~TQJak5Jr2VUw7Ft3Ld8j2CWyHDcWyHQ8SseXqfXNX6Ber-aEpHQ3qN2XI17rq-XfSqDg3ef7enm0tfwRRaqR4GwUNZcNtE~It6q0kxH7oIAn0jeaIebdmHcIDy6iloDBibq2tTH1gJ9opUpvsEU5zZUJFIQtJrlp43yYJIWk-w~ITsoBJZsv1TK6Qqw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":724,"name":"Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics"},{"id":123874,"name":"Financial Management and partnership Accounting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Financial_Management_and_partnership_Accounting"},{"id":268489,"name":"Economics and management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics_and_management"},{"id":1255813,"name":"Accounting and Financial Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Accounting_and_Financial_Management"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="67386608"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/67386608/Macroeconomic_Underlying_Factors_of_Unemployment_in_Pakistan"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Macroeconomic Underlying Factors of Unemployment in Pakistan" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/78221166/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/67386608/Macroeconomic_Underlying_Factors_of_Unemployment_in_Pakistan">Macroeconomic Underlying Factors of Unemployment in Pakistan</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">To test the strength and growth of a given country&#39;s economy, unemployment is a foremost macr...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">To test the strength and growth of a given country&#39;s economy, unemployment is a foremost macroeconomic indicator consulted by Aurangzeb (2013a). According to Hamza & Kaushik (2015), unemployment deprives the obligatory resources of government that desired to develop the economy. It also distresses the rank of a nation in contrast to other nations. Unemployment is an obstacle for both developing and developed countries. Nevertheless, the impact and intensity might differ. According to Refik et al. (2010), unemployment has been the steadiest problem in both developed and developing countries. According to CIA World Factbook (2018), the world unemployment percentage rate (as % of labor force) overall from 2009-2017 remains 8.7%, 8.8%, 9.1%, 9%, 8.4%, 7.3% and 7.9% respectively. Currently, in world ranking, Zimbabwe is on the top with 95%, Iran is on 58 position with 12.4%, India is on 96 rank with 8.8%, China is on 167 rank with 4% and Afghanistan is on 10 rank with 35% while speci...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="ea86496533567f2ab99604f2c1cde01f" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":78221166,"asset_id":67386608,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/78221166/download_file?st=MTczMzAxODIwNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="67386608"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="67386608"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 67386608; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=67386608]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=67386608]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 67386608; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='67386608']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 67386608, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "ea86496533567f2ab99604f2c1cde01f" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=67386608]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":67386608,"title":"Macroeconomic Underlying Factors of Unemployment in Pakistan","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"To test the strength and growth of a given country\u0026#39;s economy, unemployment is a foremost macroeconomic indicator consulted by Aurangzeb (2013a). According to Hamza \u0026 Kaushik (2015), unemployment deprives the obligatory resources of government that desired to develop the economy. It also distresses the rank of a nation in contrast to other nations. Unemployment is an obstacle for both developing and developed countries. Nevertheless, the impact and intensity might differ. According to Refik et al. (2010), unemployment has been the steadiest problem in both developed and developing countries. According to CIA World Factbook (2018), the world unemployment percentage rate (as % of labor force) overall from 2009-2017 remains 8.7%, 8.8%, 9.1%, 9%, 8.4%, 7.3% and 7.9% respectively. Currently, in world ranking, Zimbabwe is on the top with 95%, Iran is on 58 position with 12.4%, India is on 96 rank with 8.8%, China is on 167 rank with 4% and Afghanistan is on 10 rank with 35% while speci...","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2020,"errors":{}}},"translated_abstract":"To test the strength and growth of a given country\u0026#39;s economy, unemployment is a foremost macroeconomic indicator consulted by Aurangzeb (2013a). According to Hamza \u0026 Kaushik (2015), unemployment deprives the obligatory resources of government that desired to develop the economy. It also distresses the rank of a nation in contrast to other nations. Unemployment is an obstacle for both developing and developed countries. Nevertheless, the impact and intensity might differ. According to Refik et al. (2010), unemployment has been the steadiest problem in both developed and developing countries. According to CIA World Factbook (2018), the world unemployment percentage rate (as % of labor force) overall from 2009-2017 remains 8.7%, 8.8%, 9.1%, 9%, 8.4%, 7.3% and 7.9% respectively. Currently, in world ranking, Zimbabwe is on the top with 95%, Iran is on 58 position with 12.4%, India is on 96 rank with 8.8%, China is on 167 rank with 4% and Afghanistan is on 10 rank with 35% while speci...","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/67386608/Macroeconomic_Underlying_Factors_of_Unemployment_in_Pakistan","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2022-01-06T07:11:21.020-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":693873,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":78221166,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/78221166/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"10.30566ijo-bs.2019.125.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/78221166/download_file?st=MTczMzAxODIwNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Macroeconomic_Underlying_Factors_of_Unem.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/78221166/10.30566ijo-bs.2019.125-libre.pdf?1641483025=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DMacroeconomic_Underlying_Factors_of_Unem.pdf\u0026Expires=1733009649\u0026Signature=c3bwb4KKnlLKKEB1pAsyG1JH2BTS3s4-5lcQsVGMS7JIhpSNC5EBkwd5r~Hw4ZkCbknnKLKDV9Z8qb~sx7sLrJF9B5h6ZCswr5x06AMLwMvxj68XYGNTiPcfq48cKehPA2iAZpDA~9TNvCLEfse6UvcB1uxPx-JQOkG4mwPIElQykjvFRbN9~Y8okp7utrg4CHsNdMYXT2a3jo3l0Kmh5TWoPZ38TZAT81SXthCge06fo-ZYRhZEiysehIITU6hwISNk3ve0j-F0Am9zJ~QIufIyXBQ~KvYqIvZH6ek5BvaeBNhex6HxsO8WLdj0L7rtVrgPMLzGm86kuNvgN1-tig__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Macroeconomic_Underlying_Factors_of_Unemployment_in_Pakistan","translated_slug":"","page_count":6,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":693873,"first_name":"MUHAMMAD","middle_initials":"A","last_name":"MAZHER","page_name":"MUHAMMADMAZHER","domain_name":"iqbaltahir","created_at":"2011-08-28T09:47:42.987-07:00","display_name":"MUHAMMAD A MAZHER","url":"https://iqbaltahir.academia.edu/MUHAMMADMAZHER"},"attachments":[{"id":78221166,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/78221166/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"10.30566ijo-bs.2019.125.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/78221166/download_file?st=MTczMzAxODIwNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Macroeconomic_Underlying_Factors_of_Unem.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/78221166/10.30566ijo-bs.2019.125-libre.pdf?1641483025=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DMacroeconomic_Underlying_Factors_of_Unem.pdf\u0026Expires=1733009649\u0026Signature=c3bwb4KKnlLKKEB1pAsyG1JH2BTS3s4-5lcQsVGMS7JIhpSNC5EBkwd5r~Hw4ZkCbknnKLKDV9Z8qb~sx7sLrJF9B5h6ZCswr5x06AMLwMvxj68XYGNTiPcfq48cKehPA2iAZpDA~9TNvCLEfse6UvcB1uxPx-JQOkG4mwPIElQykjvFRbN9~Y8okp7utrg4CHsNdMYXT2a3jo3l0Kmh5TWoPZ38TZAT81SXthCge06fo-ZYRhZEiysehIITU6hwISNk3ve0j-F0Am9zJ~QIufIyXBQ~KvYqIvZH6ek5BvaeBNhex6HxsO8WLdj0L7rtVrgPMLzGm86kuNvgN1-tig__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"},{"id":78221165,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/78221165/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"10.30566ijo-bs.2019.125.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/78221165/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Macroeconomic_Underlying_Factors_of_Unem.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/78221165/10.30566ijo-bs.2019.125-libre.pdf?1641483025=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DMacroeconomic_Underlying_Factors_of_Unem.pdf\u0026Expires=1733009649\u0026Signature=DhVgA1Mwi1OpJypWM-7kh9zoSfubsEs9isawgZoh3o6nnEEDDyjVkNH35f8v6N6oKicp3ptS1jPKkUZSFl33cMEPYyLdQqYoSH4TsbKBhn3-h5gQ~xO3HdVa7GGJn2i0MH2eg4liLU4waDxh225OG82Y6vwmsx3pqoU9prpTy8jiIqKSbLADKYjriRLj5JIQeTttl4jIQqrKJVD6D0VcQS~95v92v5dRp-u2-oi6oRxPzBm~jMtEemu4jd4vaHSqqeo~w1V9cAFhWCCoJT1360s0u7ifQY9JVro0zx~E66dpC3dQRa-EMZyikApkpMJ3JnTmPVwCXQv-5J8fcNDvKQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[],"urls":[{"id":16163962,"url":"https://ijo-bs.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/10.30566ijo-bs.2019.125.pdf"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="67386582"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/67386582/Pakistan_s_Infrastructure_Capital_Growth_Analysis"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Pakistan’s Infrastructure Capital-Growth Analysis" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/78221129/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/67386582/Pakistan_s_Infrastructure_Capital_Growth_Analysis">Pakistan’s Infrastructure Capital-Growth Analysis</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Purpose- This empirical study facet at Pakistan for the period between 1960 and 2017 in the conne...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Purpose- This empirical study facet at Pakistan for the period between 1960 and 2017 in the connection between public investment, public capital stock, private investment, private capital stock, and real GDP. Design/Methodology- Using theoretical and empirical literature assessment, to measure the impact of private investment, private capital stock, government investment, and government capital stock on Pakistan&#39;s real gross domestic product, we involved the ARDL Bound tests. Findings- A positive and significant connection was revealed between government investment, a private capital stock with real GDP. Private investment showed a substantial but negative impact in the short run, despite capital stocks indicating a positive and insignificant relationship with Pakistan&#39;s RGDP. The long-term consequences showed that the government&#39;s capital stocks, public investment, private capital stocks, and RGDP from Pakistan are linked positively and significantly. Private investment...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="d44cc7b3e8124af7c3d7e36ec3c2a04f" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":78221129,"asset_id":67386582,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/78221129/download_file?st=MTczMzAxODIwNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="67386582"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="67386582"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 67386582; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=67386582]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=67386582]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 67386582; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='67386582']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 67386582, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "d44cc7b3e8124af7c3d7e36ec3c2a04f" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=67386582]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":67386582,"title":"Pakistan’s Infrastructure Capital-Growth Analysis","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Purpose- This empirical study facet at Pakistan for the period between 1960 and 2017 in the connection between public investment, public capital stock, private investment, private capital stock, and real GDP. Design/Methodology- Using theoretical and empirical literature assessment, to measure the impact of private investment, private capital stock, government investment, and government capital stock on Pakistan\u0026#39;s real gross domestic product, we involved the ARDL Bound tests. Findings- A positive and significant connection was revealed between government investment, a private capital stock with real GDP. Private investment showed a substantial but negative impact in the short run, despite capital stocks indicating a positive and insignificant relationship with Pakistan\u0026#39;s RGDP. The long-term consequences showed that the government\u0026#39;s capital stocks, public investment, private capital stocks, and RGDP from Pakistan are linked positively and significantly. Private investment...","ai_title_tag":"Capital-Growth Dynamics in Pakistan's Economy (1960-2017)","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2020,"errors":{}}},"translated_abstract":"Purpose- This empirical study facet at Pakistan for the period between 1960 and 2017 in the connection between public investment, public capital stock, private investment, private capital stock, and real GDP. Design/Methodology- Using theoretical and empirical literature assessment, to measure the impact of private investment, private capital stock, government investment, and government capital stock on Pakistan\u0026#39;s real gross domestic product, we involved the ARDL Bound tests. Findings- A positive and significant connection was revealed between government investment, a private capital stock with real GDP. Private investment showed a substantial but negative impact in the short run, despite capital stocks indicating a positive and insignificant relationship with Pakistan\u0026#39;s RGDP. The long-term consequences showed that the government\u0026#39;s capital stocks, public investment, private capital stocks, and RGDP from Pakistan are linked positively and significantly. 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We implicit various economic factors comprise real CPI, real interest rate, financial innovation, and real GDP and analyzed through implying ARDL Bound test for short-run and the long-run period over 1970-2018 time-series data. Based on empirical results, we revealed that over the short-run period, financial innovation having positive and significant while real GDP has a negative and significant relationship with real money demand function in Malaysia. The official real exchange rate has a positive and significant relationship with real money demand, with an increase of one unit in the real exchange rate, increasing the money demand function by 0.97 in the long term. More, negative and significant relationships revealed among real GDP and real money demand function which direct that by increase 1% change in real GDP direct to decrease in real money demand by 0.6395...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="240fc63370a4e43d9d05546bda8ab9da" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":73498928,"asset_id":59722819,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/73498928/download_file?st=MTczMzAxODIwNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="59722819"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="59722819"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 59722819; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=59722819]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=59722819]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 59722819; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='59722819']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 59722819, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "240fc63370a4e43d9d05546bda8ab9da" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=59722819]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":59722819,"title":"Determining Factor for Malaysian Money Demand Function","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The reason for our study was to determine the factors that influence the role of money demand in the Malaysian economy. 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More, negative and significant relationships revealed among real GDP and real money demand function which direct that by increase 1% change in real GDP direct to decrease in real money demand by 0.6395...","publisher":"STIE AAS Surakarta","publication_name":"International Journal of Economics, Business and Accounting Research (IJEBAR)"},"translated_abstract":"The reason for our study was to determine the factors that influence the role of money demand in the Malaysian economy. We implicit various economic factors comprise real CPI, real interest rate, financial innovation, and real GDP and analyzed through implying ARDL Bound test for short-run and the long-run period over 1970-2018 time-series data. Based on empirical results, we revealed that over the short-run period, financial innovation having positive and significant while real GDP has a negative and significant relationship with real money demand function in Malaysia. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="43978792"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/43978792/Determining_Factors_for_Malaysian_Money_Demand_Function"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Determining Factors for Malaysian Money Demand Function" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/64308413/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/43978792/Determining_Factors_for_Malaysian_Money_Demand_Function">Determining Factors for Malaysian Money Demand Function</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>International Journal of Management, Accounting and Economics</span><span>, 2020</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Our study based on determining factors that affect the function of demand for money in the Malays...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Our study based on determining factors that affect the function of demand for money in the Malaysian economy over 1970-2018 based on time-series data collected from WDI (World Bank). We tacitly include real CPI, real interest rate, financial innovation, real GDP, and implied the ARDL Bound tests. Derived from empirical evidence, we revealed that financial innovation has quite a significant and positive impact on the short-term. In contrast, real GDP has a negative and meaningful relationship with real money demand function in Malaysia. The official real exchange rate has a positive and significant relationship with real-money demand, with an increase in the real exchange rate of one unit, boosting the long-term function with money demand by 0.97. Negative and significant relationships revealed that by raising 1% real GDP dissecting to decrease real money demand by 0.6395 in the Malaysian economy. Eventually, real money demand anticipated 13.0796 once all independent variable in the Malaysian economy is zero.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="b3a439a76faedb9b8eddcce910d6ce4b" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":64308413,"asset_id":43978792,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/64308413/download_file?st=MTczMzAxODIwNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="43978792"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="43978792"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 43978792; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=43978792]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=43978792]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 43978792; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='43978792']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 43978792, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "b3a439a76faedb9b8eddcce910d6ce4b" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=43978792]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":43978792,"title":"Determining Factors for Malaysian Money Demand Function","translated_title":"","metadata":{"doi":"10.21511/imfi.13(2).2016.07","abstract":"Our study based on determining factors that affect the function of demand for money in the Malaysian economy over 1970-2018 based on time-series data collected from WDI (World Bank). 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The official real exchange rate has a positive and significant relationship with real-money demand, with an increase in the real exchange rate of one unit, boosting the long-term function with money demand by 0.97. Negative and significant relationships revealed that by raising 1% real GDP dissecting to decrease real money demand by 0.6395 in the Malaysian economy. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="43978744"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/43978744/Existence_of_Laffer_curve_in_Malaysia_July_2020"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Existence of Laffer curve in Malaysia July 2020" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/64308355/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/43978744/Existence_of_Laffer_curve_in_Malaysia_July_2020">Existence of Laffer curve in Malaysia July 2020</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of the Social Sciences</span><span>, 2020</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This research study determined whether the debt Laffer curve valid on the Malaysian economy or no...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This research study determined whether the debt Laffer curve valid on the Malaysian economy or not? For conquering the required study goals, we inaugurate two models and involve public debt to GDP ratio and its square with RGDP as a proxy for economic growth. While in another model, we involve some macroeconomic variables comprise of gross consumption expenditure (GCE), gross domestic savings (GDS), and trade for diagnostic motives. Through the Co-integration VECM model, no econometric empirical evidence revealed which snapshot the existence of the debt Laffer curves in the Malaysian economy. Furthermore, no long-run causality observed, and it revealed that the movement is away from the equilibrium. Granger causality revealed during the engrossment of other macroeconomic variables solitary.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="591685c1144ba6f5cf831d95d6a795f1" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":64308355,"asset_id":43978744,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/64308355/download_file?st=MTczMzAxODIwNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="43978744"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="43978744"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 43978744; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=43978744]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=43978744]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 43978744; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='43978744']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 43978744, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "591685c1144ba6f5cf831d95d6a795f1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=43978744]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":43978744,"title":"Existence of Laffer curve in Malaysia July 2020","translated_title":"","metadata":{"issue":"3","volume":"48","abstract":"This research study determined whether the debt Laffer curve valid on the Malaysian economy or not? For conquering the required study goals, we inaugurate two models and involve public debt to GDP ratio and its square with RGDP as a proxy for economic growth. While in another model, we involve some macroeconomic variables comprise of gross consumption expenditure (GCE), gross domestic savings (GDS), and trade for diagnostic motives. Through the Co-integration VECM model, no econometric empirical evidence revealed which snapshot the existence of the debt Laffer curves in the Malaysian economy. Furthermore, no long-run causality observed, and it revealed that the movement is away from the equilibrium. Granger causality revealed during the engrossment of other macroeconomic variables solitary.","page_numbers":"2892-2906","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2020,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Journal of the Social Sciences"},"translated_abstract":"This research study determined whether the debt Laffer curve valid on the Malaysian economy or not? For conquering the required study goals, we inaugurate two models and involve public debt to GDP ratio and its square with RGDP as a proxy for economic growth. While in another model, we involve some macroeconomic variables comprise of gross consumption expenditure (GCE), gross domestic savings (GDS), and trade for diagnostic motives. Through the Co-integration VECM model, no econometric empirical evidence revealed which snapshot the existence of the debt Laffer curves in the Malaysian economy. Furthermore, no long-run causality observed, and it revealed that the movement is away from the equilibrium. Granger causality revealed during the engrossment of other macroeconomic variables solitary.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/43978744/Existence_of_Laffer_curve_in_Malaysia_July_2020","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2020-08-29T22:48:05.955-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":693873,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[{"id":35643861,"work_id":43978744,"tagging_user_id":693873,"tagged_user_id":null,"co_author_invite_id":7068525,"email":"j***i@unikl.edu","display_order":1,"name":"Jauhari Dahalan","title":"Existence of Laffer curve in Malaysia July 2020"}],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":64308355,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/64308355/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Existance of Laffer curve in Malaysia July 2020 - Scopus.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/64308355/download_file?st=MTczMzAxODIwNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Existence_of_Laffer_curve_in_Malaysia_Ju.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/64308355/Existance_of_Laffer_curve_in_Malaysia_July_2020_-_Scopus-libre.pdf?1598767193=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DExistence_of_Laffer_curve_in_Malaysia_Ju.pdf\u0026Expires=1733009649\u0026Signature=NcyqlVRMnXfqmX83F5B41ptXtXukYnLCWk7ZbtWhk0h6PZY09sQB3XrqzNVO3xr-7MN5BmHBvuIQIibuehsx0gmzgaOuRqRLr5xlHG0vLuuLR7XXCLW4XXJZVHwZ3BlIWZPjqVMKO44EYA040wjfqi9F3JAWfZxQuO1OSIJmFg8S5Sif2xRySkYYpNI~qtnCt1AMEZsfpk2qQyu-gtHMvTFl9bWXxYBr~3TWp9PjXpzfLmwVnWD~3aQbvqn9G2AYD5HEtYr8sMtPaF68jgthgFiKB0hGZdK~H4cCsldgcqHm6KbTP0ere~AJ1xqYT9cEFPa5feYd656-JyEhYLOHHg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Existence_of_Laffer_curve_in_Malaysia_July_2020","translated_slug":"","page_count":15,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":693873,"first_name":"MUHAMMAD","middle_initials":"A","last_name":"MAZHER","page_name":"MUHAMMADMAZHER","domain_name":"iqbaltahir","created_at":"2011-08-28T09:47:42.987-07:00","display_name":"MUHAMMAD A MAZHER","url":"https://iqbaltahir.academia.edu/MUHAMMADMAZHER"},"attachments":[{"id":64308355,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/64308355/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Existance of Laffer curve in Malaysia July 2020 - Scopus.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/64308355/download_file?st=MTczMzAxODIwNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Existence_of_Laffer_curve_in_Malaysia_Ju.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/64308355/Existance_of_Laffer_curve_in_Malaysia_July_2020_-_Scopus-libre.pdf?1598767193=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DExistence_of_Laffer_curve_in_Malaysia_Ju.pdf\u0026Expires=1733009649\u0026Signature=NcyqlVRMnXfqmX83F5B41ptXtXukYnLCWk7ZbtWhk0h6PZY09sQB3XrqzNVO3xr-7MN5BmHBvuIQIibuehsx0gmzgaOuRqRLr5xlHG0vLuuLR7XXCLW4XXJZVHwZ3BlIWZPjqVMKO44EYA040wjfqi9F3JAWfZxQuO1OSIJmFg8S5Sif2xRySkYYpNI~qtnCt1AMEZsfpk2qQyu-gtHMvTFl9bWXxYBr~3TWp9PjXpzfLmwVnWD~3aQbvqn9G2AYD5HEtYr8sMtPaF68jgthgFiKB0hGZdK~H4cCsldgcqHm6KbTP0ere~AJ1xqYT9cEFPa5feYd656-JyEhYLOHHg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":727,"name":"Development Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Development_Economics"},{"id":747,"name":"Econometrics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Econometrics"},{"id":55840,"name":"Business Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_Management"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="43605203"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/43605203/Not_aid_but_trade_an_application_of_ARDL_bound_test_for_Pakistan_economy"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Not aid, but trade -an application of ARDL bound test for Pakistan economy" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/63908238/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/43605203/Not_aid_but_trade_an_application_of_ARDL_bound_test_for_Pakistan_economy">Not aid, but trade -an application of ARDL bound test for Pakistan economy</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>International Journal of Financial, Accounting, and Management (IJFAM)</span><span>, 2020</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Purpose: Our research study aimed to analyze the statement of the proverb 'Not-Aid, but-Trade,' f...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Purpose: Our research study aimed to analyze the statement of the proverb 'Not-Aid, but-Trade,' for the economy of Pakistan over 1970-2018 based on time-series data collected from the World Development Indicators-World Bank. Research Methodology: Through evaluation of the theoretical and empirical literature, we estimate the influence of official development assistance, trade openness, foreign direct investment, inflation, and gross capital formation on the gross domestic product of Pakistan. To accomplish the required concerns, we implied the Unit-Root test, and the Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model Bound analysis. Results: No significant relationship revealed between inflation and official development assistance. In contrast, the openness of trade and foreign direct investment shows a significant positive relationship with the gross domestic product of Pakistan. Similarly, gross capital formation has a negative but significant connection with the gross domestic product of Pakistan. For the short-run period, trade openness, foreign direct investment, and inflation impart to a positive and significant relationship; however, gross capital formation presents a negative but significant linking with gross domestic product. Limitations: Our study covers the Pakistan economy time-series data over the 1970-2018 period. Contribution: Our study is helpful for the Pakistani economic policy formation, particularly useful for academics and researchers to understand the basic concept related to 'not-aid but-trade' philosophy.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="1adc188498ebb67f863b2db59b4b40db" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":63908238,"asset_id":43605203,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/63908238/download_file?st=MTczMzAxODIwNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="43605203"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="43605203"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 43605203; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=43605203]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=43605203]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 43605203; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='43605203']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 43605203, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "1adc188498ebb67f863b2db59b4b40db" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=43605203]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":43605203,"title":"Not aid, but trade -an application of ARDL bound test for Pakistan economy","translated_title":"","metadata":{"doi":"10.35912/ijfam.v2i1.155","abstract":"Purpose: Our research study aimed to analyze the statement of the proverb 'Not-Aid, but-Trade,' for the economy of Pakistan over 1970-2018 based on time-series data collected from the World Development Indicators-World Bank. Research Methodology: Through evaluation of the theoretical and empirical literature, we estimate the influence of official development assistance, trade openness, foreign direct investment, inflation, and gross capital formation on the gross domestic product of Pakistan. To accomplish the required concerns, we implied the Unit-Root test, and the Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model Bound analysis. Results: No significant relationship revealed between inflation and official development assistance. In contrast, the openness of trade and foreign direct investment shows a significant positive relationship with the gross domestic product of Pakistan. Similarly, gross capital formation has a negative but significant connection with the gross domestic product of Pakistan. For the short-run period, trade openness, foreign direct investment, and inflation impart to a positive and significant relationship; however, gross capital formation presents a negative but significant linking with gross domestic product. Limitations: Our study covers the Pakistan economy time-series data over the 1970-2018 period. Contribution: Our study is helpful for the Pakistani economic policy formation, particularly useful for academics and researchers to understand the basic concept related to 'not-aid but-trade' philosophy.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2020,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"International Journal of Financial, Accounting, and Management (IJFAM)"},"translated_abstract":"Purpose: Our research study aimed to analyze the statement of the proverb 'Not-Aid, but-Trade,' for the economy of Pakistan over 1970-2018 based on time-series data collected from the World Development Indicators-World Bank. Research Methodology: Through evaluation of the theoretical and empirical literature, we estimate the influence of official development assistance, trade openness, foreign direct investment, inflation, and gross capital formation on the gross domestic product of Pakistan. To accomplish the required concerns, we implied the Unit-Root test, and the Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model Bound analysis. Results: No significant relationship revealed between inflation and official development assistance. In contrast, the openness of trade and foreign direct investment shows a significant positive relationship with the gross domestic product of Pakistan. Similarly, gross capital formation has a negative but significant connection with the gross domestic product of Pakistan. For the short-run period, trade openness, foreign direct investment, and inflation impart to a positive and significant relationship; however, gross capital formation presents a negative but significant linking with gross domestic product. Limitations: Our study covers the Pakistan economy time-series data over the 1970-2018 period. Contribution: Our study is helpful for the Pakistani economic policy formation, particularly useful for academics and researchers to understand the basic concept related to 'not-aid but-trade' philosophy.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/43605203/Not_aid_but_trade_an_application_of_ARDL_bound_test_for_Pakistan_economy","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2020-07-13T07:24:04.803-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":693873,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[{"id":35261484,"work_id":43605203,"tagging_user_id":693873,"tagged_user_id":693873,"co_author_invite_id":7068524,"email":"m***r@gmail.com","affiliation":"UNIVERSITY OF KUALA LUMPUR BUSINESS SCHOOL","display_order":1,"name":"MUHAMMAD A MAZHER","title":"Not aid, but trade -an application of ARDL bound test for Pakistan economy"},{"id":35261485,"work_id":43605203,"tagging_user_id":693873,"tagged_user_id":null,"co_author_invite_id":7068525,"email":"j***i@unikl.edu","display_order":2,"name":"Jauhari Dahalan","title":"Not aid, but trade -an application of ARDL bound test for Pakistan economy"}],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":63908238,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/63908238/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Not_aid__but_trade20200713-61588-1knihd9.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/63908238/download_file?st=MTczMzAxODIwNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Not_aid_but_trade_an_application_of_ARDL.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/63908238/Not_aid__but_trade20200713-61588-1knihd9-libre.pdf?1594651018=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DNot_aid_but_trade_an_application_of_ARDL.pdf\u0026Expires=1733009649\u0026Signature=Egw4WnV5OUxpD7Nl-3zxFG9glEDZi5RH5IEyAcjoELxx~u67xhN-Elu1roBNPv~bwBZlUoupCoViA0qSbtTJnBEP76885LG-SmHku5mkLz3zHjjkXgPkTwZFC7~5rBZoLXTTC7OYmc6Og8TQUSRUAl2COyGTHUFahnxhLG34FoCMaFIwW~hq2D2YVmP81o12UOO-V8b5qa3wQeBX4rRCjraVSq-wzHypq-OjTYSAict6hFc9Pxl6sxCeWtoOSanapglPd8C8otEgVm4P85u5GtpXrQbsCqTgxUAeKHX5AYMivyEziNVYjDHNUBgBS694LoGUNFUr8Y0EDKXAJWFQCg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Not_aid_but_trade_an_application_of_ARDL_bound_test_for_Pakistan_economy","translated_slug":"","page_count":14,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":693873,"first_name":"MUHAMMAD","middle_initials":"A","last_name":"MAZHER","page_name":"MUHAMMADMAZHER","domain_name":"iqbaltahir","created_at":"2011-08-28T09:47:42.987-07:00","display_name":"MUHAMMAD A MAZHER","url":"https://iqbaltahir.academia.edu/MUHAMMADMAZHER"},"attachments":[{"id":63908238,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/63908238/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Not_aid__but_trade20200713-61588-1knihd9.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/63908238/download_file?st=MTczMzAxODIwNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Not_aid_but_trade_an_application_of_ARDL.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/63908238/Not_aid__but_trade20200713-61588-1knihd9-libre.pdf?1594651018=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DNot_aid_but_trade_an_application_of_ARDL.pdf\u0026Expires=1733009649\u0026Signature=Egw4WnV5OUxpD7Nl-3zxFG9glEDZi5RH5IEyAcjoELxx~u67xhN-Elu1roBNPv~bwBZlUoupCoViA0qSbtTJnBEP76885LG-SmHku5mkLz3zHjjkXgPkTwZFC7~5rBZoLXTTC7OYmc6Og8TQUSRUAl2COyGTHUFahnxhLG34FoCMaFIwW~hq2D2YVmP81o12UOO-V8b5qa3wQeBX4rRCjraVSq-wzHypq-OjTYSAict6hFc9Pxl6sxCeWtoOSanapglPd8C8otEgVm4P85u5GtpXrQbsCqTgxUAeKHX5AYMivyEziNVYjDHNUBgBS694LoGUNFUr8Y0EDKXAJWFQCg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":268489,"name":"Economics and management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics_and_management"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="41676851"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/41676851/Macroeconomic_Underlying_Factors_of_Unemployment_in_Pakistan"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Macroeconomic Underlying Factors of Unemployment in Pakistan" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/61832228/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/41676851/Macroeconomic_Underlying_Factors_of_Unemployment_in_Pakistan">Macroeconomic Underlying Factors of Unemployment in Pakistan</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://iqbaltahir.academia.edu/MUHAMMADMAZHER">MUHAMMAD A MAZHER</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/DahalanJauhari">Jauhari Dahalan</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>International Journal of Business Society</span><span>, 2019</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Unemployment is one of the challenges facing today’s world. The impartial of the study was to exa...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Unemployment is one of the challenges facing today’s world. The impartial of the study was to examine the long-run and short-run relationships between unemployment and its macro-economic determinants comprising energy usage, FDI, GDP growth, inflation deflator, and population over 1970-2018. After using the Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) tests through Schwarz Info Criterion (SIC), Akaike Info Criterion (AIC) and Phillips-Perron (PP) for unit-root, this study employed Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach. The regression result proposes that under short-run and long-run energy usage, FDI and Population have together been domineering in amplification of the long-run unemployment rate. The significant and negative coefficient of error correction term indicates to the high speed of adjustment to achieve the long-run equilibrium. In conclusion, the study proposes the government should increase the level of aggregate supply, economic growth along with job formation, form an encouraging environment that induces much foreign direct investments (FDI) and control the population pressure, consolidate the existing entrepreneurship activity with new entrepreneurial entrants to create more employment and fascinate a huge pool of unemployed population.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="72804ab804bb317ac159626980bb1a4a" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":61832228,"asset_id":41676851,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/61832228/download_file?st=MTczMzAxODIwNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="41676851"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="41676851"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 41676851; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=41676851]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=41676851]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 41676851; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='41676851']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 41676851, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "72804ab804bb317ac159626980bb1a4a" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=41676851]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":41676851,"title":"Macroeconomic Underlying Factors of Unemployment in Pakistan","translated_title":"","metadata":{"doi":"10.30566/ijo-bs/2019.125","abstract":"Unemployment is one of the challenges facing today’s world. The impartial of the study was to examine the long-run and short-run relationships between unemployment and its macro-economic determinants comprising energy usage, FDI, GDP growth, inflation deflator, and population over 1970-2018. After using the Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) tests through Schwarz Info Criterion (SIC), Akaike Info Criterion (AIC) and Phillips-Perron (PP) for unit-root, this study employed Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach. The regression result proposes that under short-run and long-run energy usage, FDI and Population have together been domineering in amplification of the long-run unemployment rate. The significant and negative coefficient of error correction term indicates to the high speed of adjustment to achieve the long-run equilibrium. In conclusion, the study proposes the government should increase the level of aggregate supply, economic growth along with job formation, form an encouraging environment that induces much foreign direct investments (FDI) and control the population pressure, consolidate the existing entrepreneurship activity with new entrepreneurial entrants to create more employment and fascinate a huge pool of unemployed population.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2019,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"International Journal of Business Society"},"translated_abstract":"Unemployment is one of the challenges facing today’s world. The impartial of the study was to examine the long-run and short-run relationships between unemployment and its macro-economic determinants comprising energy usage, FDI, GDP growth, inflation deflator, and population over 1970-2018. After using the Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) tests through Schwarz Info Criterion (SIC), Akaike Info Criterion (AIC) and Phillips-Perron (PP) for unit-root, this study employed Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach. The regression result proposes that under short-run and long-run energy usage, FDI and Population have together been domineering in amplification of the long-run unemployment rate. The significant and negative coefficient of error correction term indicates to the high speed of adjustment to achieve the long-run equilibrium. In conclusion, the study proposes the government should increase the level of aggregate supply, economic growth along with job formation, form an encouraging environment that induces much foreign direct investments (FDI) and control the population pressure, consolidate the existing entrepreneurship activity with new entrepreneurial entrants to create more employment and fascinate a huge pool of unemployed population.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/41676851/Macroeconomic_Underlying_Factors_of_Unemployment_in_Pakistan","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2020-01-19T18:52:15.231-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":693873,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[{"id":33530577,"work_id":41676851,"tagging_user_id":693873,"tagged_user_id":143795789,"co_author_invite_id":6966843,"email":"j***i@unikl.edu.my","display_order":1,"name":"Jauhari Dahalan","title":"Macroeconomic Underlying Factors of Unemployment in Pakistan"}],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":61832228,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/61832228/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Published_Article20200119-13010-ftod5r.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/61832228/download_file?st=MTczMzAxODIwNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Macroeconomic_Underlying_Factors_of_Unem.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/61832228/Published_Article20200119-13010-ftod5r-libre.pdf?1579489344=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DMacroeconomic_Underlying_Factors_of_Unem.pdf\u0026Expires=1733009650\u0026Signature=ZP87yfIXRtEJ8KzCjEhffYrcYdumBPMzk2-LzpppdXeOvgaM2TI4i5b3IcxUIqeLHfsZE6VWP--I3iFeTI~Gn6nmGWD53MQn2YFDFxuiRL6FT4lrXzdqZGm8tqoqwrYhYmFC5hOu3yHkqUV1YALz47amHw2j8sQvDczmzSCz3og-s0MwfXXSz1CuTYnArGOR1pxbjjI2B2nIOU0DG4Q5KqUN8pn~lM~8pPqQwm9Qr0l50XpxqYCkan6nlfE43uHGiZA3Pu20yQrem5vX932CmQNtcl~XVWOS6IpAvlVFl0FBmPaJ6gcN2qXbeNHDYN6FIDYkJeHe5M4Jxa39ML2V5A__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Macroeconomic_Underlying_Factors_of_Unemployment_in_Pakistan","translated_slug":"","page_count":6,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":693873,"first_name":"MUHAMMAD","middle_initials":"A","last_name":"MAZHER","page_name":"MUHAMMADMAZHER","domain_name":"iqbaltahir","created_at":"2011-08-28T09:47:42.987-07:00","display_name":"MUHAMMAD A MAZHER","url":"https://iqbaltahir.academia.edu/MUHAMMADMAZHER"},"attachments":[{"id":61832228,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/61832228/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Published_Article20200119-13010-ftod5r.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/61832228/download_file?st=MTczMzAxODIwNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Macroeconomic_Underlying_Factors_of_Unem.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/61832228/Published_Article20200119-13010-ftod5r-libre.pdf?1579489344=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DMacroeconomic_Underlying_Factors_of_Unem.pdf\u0026Expires=1733009650\u0026Signature=ZP87yfIXRtEJ8KzCjEhffYrcYdumBPMzk2-LzpppdXeOvgaM2TI4i5b3IcxUIqeLHfsZE6VWP--I3iFeTI~Gn6nmGWD53MQn2YFDFxuiRL6FT4lrXzdqZGm8tqoqwrYhYmFC5hOu3yHkqUV1YALz47amHw2j8sQvDczmzSCz3og-s0MwfXXSz1CuTYnArGOR1pxbjjI2B2nIOU0DG4Q5KqUN8pn~lM~8pPqQwm9Qr0l50XpxqYCkan6nlfE43uHGiZA3Pu20yQrem5vX932CmQNtcl~XVWOS6IpAvlVFl0FBmPaJ6gcN2qXbeNHDYN6FIDYkJeHe5M4Jxa39ML2V5A__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":727,"name":"Development Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Development_Economics"},{"id":747,"name":"Econometrics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Econometrics"},{"id":764,"name":"Macroeconomics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Macroeconomics"},{"id":70649,"name":"External Debt","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/External_Debt"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="39977315"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/39977315/Micro_credit_delinquency_and_its_determinants_An_empirical_analysis"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Micro-credit delinquency and it's determinants: An empirical analysis" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/60168297/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/39977315/Micro_credit_delinquency_and_its_determinants_An_empirical_analysis">Micro-credit delinquency and it's determinants: An empirical analysis</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR INNOVATIVE RESEARCH IN MULTIDISCIPLINARY FIELD</span><span>, 2019</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This study interpret the causes or dynamics which may root the debt delinquency in microcredit fi...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This study interpret the causes or dynamics which may root the debt delinquency in microcredit field. This study reflect the particular sample area (Lahore, Pakistan) for the data collection. Through questioner data<br />collection methodology with simple random sample of size 200, we involved econometrics techniques using SPSS software. Overall model summery estimation consequence revealed that, 28% of the total variation of dependent variable in our model can be explained by the independent variables. No autocorrelation, multicollinearity and homogeneity exist among the residual. Model fitness also confirmed through ANOVA analysis. Likewise, negative and non-significant relationship detected between preferred cash or asset loan and loan delinquency in our study. It is conclude that, nature of business (sole/partnership business) having positive and significant association with loan types (individual/SHG) and loan delinquency while having positive and non-significant connection. Preferred cash loan or asset loan revealing positive non-significant connection with nature of business and loan type whereas negative and non-significant with loan delinquency. The loan type showing positive and significant relationship with nature of business and loan delinquency however positive  nevertheless non-significant relation with preferred cash loan or asset loan. Finally, loan delinquency exposed the significant and positive relationship with nature of business and loan type while negative and non-significant relationship with preferred cash based loan or asset based loan.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="3c97ff17c7df628fb2b2c2b175d33a9e" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":60168297,"asset_id":39977315,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/60168297/download_file?st=MTczMzAxODIwNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="39977315"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="39977315"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 39977315; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=39977315]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=39977315]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 39977315; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='39977315']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 39977315, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "3c97ff17c7df628fb2b2c2b175d33a9e" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=39977315]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":39977315,"title":"Micro-credit delinquency and it's determinants: An empirical analysis","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"This study interpret the causes or dynamics which may root the debt delinquency in microcredit field. This study reflect the particular sample area (Lahore, Pakistan) for the data collection. Through questioner data\ncollection methodology with simple random sample of size 200, we involved econometrics techniques using SPSS software. Overall model summery estimation consequence revealed that, 28% of the total variation of dependent variable in our model can be explained by the independent variables. No autocorrelation, multicollinearity and homogeneity exist among the residual. Model fitness also confirmed through ANOVA analysis. Likewise, negative and non-significant relationship detected between preferred cash or asset loan and loan delinquency in our study. It is conclude that, nature of business (sole/partnership business) having positive and significant association with loan types (individual/SHG) and loan delinquency while having positive and non-significant connection. Preferred cash loan or asset loan revealing positive non-significant connection with nature of business and loan type whereas negative and non-significant with loan delinquency. The loan type showing positive and significant relationship with nature of business and loan delinquency however positive nevertheless non-significant relation with preferred cash loan or asset loan. Finally, loan delinquency exposed the significant and positive relationship with nature of business and loan type while negative and non-significant relationship with preferred cash based loan or asset based loan. ","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2019,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR INNOVATIVE RESEARCH IN MULTIDISCIPLINARY FIELD"},"translated_abstract":"This study interpret the causes or dynamics which may root the debt delinquency in microcredit field. This study reflect the particular sample area (Lahore, Pakistan) for the data collection. Through questioner data\ncollection methodology with simple random sample of size 200, we involved econometrics techniques using SPSS software. Overall model summery estimation consequence revealed that, 28% of the total variation of dependent variable in our model can be explained by the independent variables. No autocorrelation, multicollinearity and homogeneity exist among the residual. Model fitness also confirmed through ANOVA analysis. Likewise, negative and non-significant relationship detected between preferred cash or asset loan and loan delinquency in our study. It is conclude that, nature of business (sole/partnership business) having positive and significant association with loan types (individual/SHG) and loan delinquency while having positive and non-significant connection. Preferred cash loan or asset loan revealing positive non-significant connection with nature of business and loan type whereas negative and non-significant with loan delinquency. The loan type showing positive and significant relationship with nature of business and loan delinquency however positive nevertheless non-significant relation with preferred cash loan or asset loan. Finally, loan delinquency exposed the significant and positive relationship with nature of business and loan type while negative and non-significant relationship with preferred cash based loan or asset based loan. ","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/39977315/Micro_credit_delinquency_and_its_determinants_An_empirical_analysis","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2019-07-31T03:09:13.288-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":693873,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[{"id":32866038,"work_id":39977315,"tagging_user_id":693873,"tagged_user_id":null,"co_author_invite_id":6881125,"email":"m***r@s.unil.edu.my","display_order":1,"name":"Muhammad Ahmad","title":"Micro-credit delinquency and it's determinants: An empirical analysis"}],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":60168297,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/60168297/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Micro-credit_delinquency_and_its_determinants20190731-70712-1kx58f2.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/60168297/download_file?st=MTczMzAxODIwNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Micro_credit_delinquency_and_its_determi.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/60168297/Micro-credit_delinquency_and_its_determinants20190731-70712-1kx58f2-libre.pdf?1564568154=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DMicro_credit_delinquency_and_its_determi.pdf\u0026Expires=1733009650\u0026Signature=eoFZzcn5aFdm6-412QbhgKTLXRLaMf0gQv0ZFBfMfnzI82Ro6sVAW5WYOjwsHbo5~bIahY3oBWl0uCO2Pl61wNfHR-wYjoxlJ2wyB0pDVvEUwxyvhAZyCx8QrD7H~e7SokP9ypDjMBLE~3UHVI~IZQ5t62qZnnRIakUypoAfb8Ty1uKqTqkQ4RLbCd1zdSKEnX4hanGaK92mqfB4pHd9lBR62jTym3xETdjbm9UdqR~fkXkracj0qwHcVkd7Ak1FG78i8xPmnQ83suNIXIiA8buQ2EStxUd7nGriUHL-dOOdpB7ZXv7U5dQpyeWl48PG7aFB0FbhdyL3eciRK6~Y2A__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Micro_credit_delinquency_and_its_determinants_An_empirical_analysis","translated_slug":"","page_count":10,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":693873,"first_name":"MUHAMMAD","middle_initials":"A","last_name":"MAZHER","page_name":"MUHAMMADMAZHER","domain_name":"iqbaltahir","created_at":"2011-08-28T09:47:42.987-07:00","display_name":"MUHAMMAD A MAZHER","url":"https://iqbaltahir.academia.edu/MUHAMMADMAZHER"},"attachments":[{"id":60168297,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/60168297/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Micro-credit_delinquency_and_its_determinants20190731-70712-1kx58f2.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/60168297/download_file?st=MTczMzAxODIwNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Micro_credit_delinquency_and_its_determi.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/60168297/Micro-credit_delinquency_and_its_determinants20190731-70712-1kx58f2-libre.pdf?1564568154=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DMicro_credit_delinquency_and_its_determi.pdf\u0026Expires=1733009650\u0026Signature=eoFZzcn5aFdm6-412QbhgKTLXRLaMf0gQv0ZFBfMfnzI82Ro6sVAW5WYOjwsHbo5~bIahY3oBWl0uCO2Pl61wNfHR-wYjoxlJ2wyB0pDVvEUwxyvhAZyCx8QrD7H~e7SokP9ypDjMBLE~3UHVI~IZQ5t62qZnnRIakUypoAfb8Ty1uKqTqkQ4RLbCd1zdSKEnX4hanGaK92mqfB4pHd9lBR62jTym3xETdjbm9UdqR~fkXkracj0qwHcVkd7Ak1FG78i8xPmnQ83suNIXIiA8buQ2EStxUd7nGriUHL-dOOdpB7ZXv7U5dQpyeWl48PG7aFB0FbhdyL3eciRK6~Y2A__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":51673,"name":"Microcredit","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microcredit"},{"id":70649,"name":"External Debt","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/External_Debt"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="38717546"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/38717546/Effects_of_External_Debt_Interest_Payments_and_Export_Earnings_for_Economic_Growth_of_Pakistan"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Effects of External Debt, Interest Payments and Export Earnings for Economic Growth of Pakistan" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/58801900/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/38717546/Effects_of_External_Debt_Interest_Payments_and_Export_Earnings_for_Economic_Growth_of_Pakistan">Effects of External Debt, Interest Payments and Export Earnings for Economic Growth of Pakistan</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>International Research Journal of Marketing & Economics</span><span>, 2019</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">In this study, the relationship between external debt, interest payment, exports earnings and eco...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">In this study, the relationship between external debt, interest payment, exports earnings and economic growth had been analysed for the Pakistan over the 1970-2017 with the help of cointegration analysis. Relationship between ratios of variables combined in our study was restrained through econometrics techniques consist of unit root, Johansen co-integration and error correction model (ECM) to acquire the unbiased consequences. It had been determined that in short-run period, external debt (ED) to GDP having significant and negative relationship, external debt (ED) to export earnings (EE) ratio shows insignificant and negative relation with GDP. While, interest payments on external debt (IP) to GDP ratio presenting insignificant but positive relationship with GDP. For long-run period, the outcomes shows that, ED to GDP, ED to EE and IP to GDP ratios reveals negative and insignificant relationship with GDP of Pakistan economy for the described period. We conclude that the GDP get effected about 56% due to independent variable ratios in Pakistani economy for the years 1970-2017.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="04ebb325b95ca5fc01362c6e7db0830e" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":58801900,"asset_id":38717546,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58801900/download_file?st=MTczMzAxODIwNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="38717546"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="38717546"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38717546; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38717546]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38717546]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38717546; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='38717546']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 38717546, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "04ebb325b95ca5fc01362c6e7db0830e" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=38717546]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":38717546,"title":"Effects of External Debt, Interest Payments and Export Earnings for Economic Growth of Pakistan","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"In this study, the relationship between external debt, interest payment, exports earnings and economic growth had been analysed for the Pakistan over the 1970-2017 with the help of cointegration analysis. Relationship between ratios of variables combined in our study was restrained through econometrics techniques consist of unit root, Johansen co-integration and error correction model (ECM) to acquire the unbiased consequences. It had been determined that in short-run period, external debt (ED) to GDP having significant and negative relationship, external debt (ED) to export earnings (EE) ratio shows insignificant and negative relation with GDP. While, interest payments on external debt (IP) to GDP ratio presenting insignificant but positive relationship with GDP. For long-run period, the outcomes shows that, ED to GDP, ED to EE and IP to GDP ratios reveals negative and insignificant relationship with GDP of Pakistan economy for the described period. We conclude that the GDP get effected about 56% due to independent variable ratios in Pakistani economy for the years 1970-2017.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2019,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"International Research Journal of Marketing \u0026 Economics"},"translated_abstract":"In this study, the relationship between external debt, interest payment, exports earnings and economic growth had been analysed for the Pakistan over the 1970-2017 with the help of cointegration analysis. Relationship between ratios of variables combined in our study was restrained through econometrics techniques consist of unit root, Johansen co-integration and error correction model (ECM) to acquire the unbiased consequences. It had been determined that in short-run period, external debt (ED) to GDP having significant and negative relationship, external debt (ED) to export earnings (EE) ratio shows insignificant and negative relation with GDP. While, interest payments on external debt (IP) to GDP ratio presenting insignificant but positive relationship with GDP. For long-run period, the outcomes shows that, ED to GDP, ED to EE and IP to GDP ratios reveals negative and insignificant relationship with GDP of Pakistan economy for the described period. We conclude that the GDP get effected about 56% due to independent variable ratios in Pakistani economy for the years 1970-2017.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/38717546/Effects_of_External_Debt_Interest_Payments_and_Export_Earnings_for_Economic_Growth_of_Pakistan","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2019-04-04T23:38:39.546-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":693873,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[{"id":32397761,"work_id":38717546,"tagging_user_id":693873,"tagged_user_id":null,"co_author_invite_id":6824568,"email":"j***i@unikl.educate.my","display_order":1,"name":"PROF. DR. JAUHARI DAHALAN","title":"Effects of External Debt, Interest Payments and Export Earnings for Economic Growth of Pakistan"},{"id":32778082,"work_id":38717546,"tagging_user_id":693873,"tagged_user_id":11994965,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"e***f@gmail.com","display_order":4194304,"name":"AARF Publications Journals","title":"Effects of External Debt, Interest Payments and Export Earnings for Economic Growth of Pakistan"}],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":58801900,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/58801900/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"IRJME2March19-9185-1.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58801900/download_file?st=MTczMzAxODIwNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Effects_of_External_Debt_Interest_Paymen.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/58801900/IRJME2March19-9185-1-libre.pdf?1554450411=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DEffects_of_External_Debt_Interest_Paymen.pdf\u0026Expires=1733009650\u0026Signature=hF1jVWzXtT7INAFQuQQMtI~TfEq7-K~beTCWCu3JoVts~nz~UHsebfUVlm~g1a8ksQS76wu-f~S8lE5yI0nxUi2HalX6M6tJ85sMB4HiO88VgraRDDbHKNha9BRpKgPVYHGzxuiOineiojhAsl88ssFMzmWZF9JEzWnduNVn7Zs6dvv3i~fRrFav0cGgt6fxAzOehzcEsOHcAz~HzqIyiWSDvUodOORij2mzHWulJ0e8J-F4VMgqxF8rC9jxjti14-JIGZCM~hp-7zy-~MfFP5HgmEID7Tq8HfZukTO2JC-UxAmPZQBfb6FmJ8pQNuNAWeV3iEDjR9-TlJMmoeZHJQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Effects_of_External_Debt_Interest_Payments_and_Export_Earnings_for_Economic_Growth_of_Pakistan","translated_slug":"","page_count":16,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":693873,"first_name":"MUHAMMAD","middle_initials":"A","last_name":"MAZHER","page_name":"MUHAMMADMAZHER","domain_name":"iqbaltahir","created_at":"2011-08-28T09:47:42.987-07:00","display_name":"MUHAMMAD A MAZHER","url":"https://iqbaltahir.academia.edu/MUHAMMADMAZHER"},"attachments":[{"id":58801900,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/58801900/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"IRJME2March19-9185-1.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58801900/download_file?st=MTczMzAxODIwNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Effects_of_External_Debt_Interest_Paymen.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/58801900/IRJME2March19-9185-1-libre.pdf?1554450411=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DEffects_of_External_Debt_Interest_Paymen.pdf\u0026Expires=1733009650\u0026Signature=hF1jVWzXtT7INAFQuQQMtI~TfEq7-K~beTCWCu3JoVts~nz~UHsebfUVlm~g1a8ksQS76wu-f~S8lE5yI0nxUi2HalX6M6tJ85sMB4HiO88VgraRDDbHKNha9BRpKgPVYHGzxuiOineiojhAsl88ssFMzmWZF9JEzWnduNVn7Zs6dvv3i~fRrFav0cGgt6fxAzOehzcEsOHcAz~HzqIyiWSDvUodOORij2mzHWulJ0e8J-F4VMgqxF8rC9jxjti14-JIGZCM~hp-7zy-~MfFP5HgmEID7Tq8HfZukTO2JC-UxAmPZQBfb6FmJ8pQNuNAWeV3iEDjR9-TlJMmoeZHJQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":727,"name":"Development Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Development_Economics"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> </div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane" data-section-id="9048210" id="papers"><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="115875947"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/115875947/External_Debt_NODA_and_GDP_Growth_Nexus_for_South_Asian_and_Southeast_Asian_Selected_Economies"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of External Debt, NODA, and GDP Growth Nexus for South Asian and Southeast Asian Selected Economies" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/115875947/External_Debt_NODA_and_GDP_Growth_Nexus_for_South_Asian_and_Southeast_Asian_Selected_Economies">External Debt, NODA, and GDP Growth Nexus for South Asian and Southeast Asian Selected Economies</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The fundamental aim of this study is to fetch out the influence of NODA (net official development...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The fundamental aim of this study is to fetch out the influence of NODA (net official development assistance) and EDS (external debt stock) on GDP growth in South Asian and Southeast Asian designated economies over 1971 to 2019. This study refers to the Solow-Swan model of economic growth as hypothetical framework in its elementary sort and employ factors such as NODA, EDS, savings, capital, depreciation, governance, and in addition total natural resources rent as control variable. Using panel data sourced from WDI (world development indicators). This study employed various econometric techniques comprise FEM (fixed effect model), panel cointegration, panel dynamic least square (DOLS), and Granger causality test for desired regression estimations. Empirical estimations evident that EDS has a negative and significant impact on GDP growth whereas, NODA had a negative and insignificant impact on GDP growth. A positive and significant influence of savings on GDP growth observed and estimation confirm that by increasing 1% in savings may cause an increase in GDP growth by 13.19 units. Capital has a positive and significant impact on GDP growth and estimation outcomes confirm that an increase of 1% in capital may cause an increase of 10.14 units. A negative and significant impact of depreciation on GDP growth revealed and it is intended that increasing 1% in depreciation may cause a decrease in GDP growth by 5.26 units. A positive and significant impact of TNRR on GDP growth revealed and estimations confirm that an increase of 1% in total natural resource rent may cause an increase in GDP growth by 0.099 units. While, impact of governance on GDP growth revealed insignificant. Lastly, it is also endorsed that a uni-directional Granger causality runs from GDP growth to EDS, EDS to NODA, and no causal relationship has been confirmed between NODA and GDP growth in SA and SEA designated economies over 1971 to 2019.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="115875947"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="115875947"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 115875947; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=115875947]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=115875947]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 115875947; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='115875947']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 115875947, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=115875947]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":115875947,"title":"External Debt, NODA, and GDP Growth Nexus for South Asian and Southeast Asian Selected Economies","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The fundamental aim of this study is to fetch out the influence of NODA (net official development assistance) and EDS (external debt stock) on GDP growth in South Asian and Southeast Asian designated economies over 1971 to 2019. This study refers to the Solow-Swan model of economic growth as hypothetical framework in its elementary sort and employ factors such as NODA, EDS, savings, capital, depreciation, governance, and in addition total natural resources rent as control variable. Using panel data sourced from WDI (world development indicators). This study employed various econometric techniques comprise FEM (fixed effect model), panel cointegration, panel dynamic least square (DOLS), and Granger causality test for desired regression estimations. Empirical estimations evident that EDS has a negative and significant impact on GDP growth whereas, NODA had a negative and insignificant impact on GDP growth. A positive and significant influence of savings on GDP growth observed and estimation confirm that by increasing 1% in savings may cause an increase in GDP growth by 13.19 units. Capital has a positive and significant impact on GDP growth and estimation outcomes confirm that an increase of 1% in capital may cause an increase of 10.14 units. A negative and significant impact of depreciation on GDP growth revealed and it is intended that increasing 1% in depreciation may cause a decrease in GDP growth by 5.26 units. A positive and significant impact of TNRR on GDP growth revealed and estimations confirm that an increase of 1% in total natural resource rent may cause an increase in GDP growth by 0.099 units. While, impact of governance on GDP growth revealed insignificant. Lastly, it is also endorsed that a uni-directional Granger causality runs from GDP growth to EDS, EDS to NODA, and no causal relationship has been confirmed between NODA and GDP growth in SA and SEA designated economies over 1971 to 2019.","publication_date":{"day":18,"month":5,"year":2022,"errors":{}}},"translated_abstract":"The fundamental aim of this study is to fetch out the influence of NODA (net official development assistance) and EDS (external debt stock) on GDP growth in South Asian and Southeast Asian designated economies over 1971 to 2019. This study refers to the Solow-Swan model of economic growth as hypothetical framework in its elementary sort and employ factors such as NODA, EDS, savings, capital, depreciation, governance, and in addition total natural resources rent as control variable. Using panel data sourced from WDI (world development indicators). This study employed various econometric techniques comprise FEM (fixed effect model), panel cointegration, panel dynamic least square (DOLS), and Granger causality test for desired regression estimations. Empirical estimations evident that EDS has a negative and significant impact on GDP growth whereas, NODA had a negative and insignificant impact on GDP growth. A positive and significant influence of savings on GDP growth observed and estimation confirm that by increasing 1% in savings may cause an increase in GDP growth by 13.19 units. Capital has a positive and significant impact on GDP growth and estimation outcomes confirm that an increase of 1% in capital may cause an increase of 10.14 units. A negative and significant impact of depreciation on GDP growth revealed and it is intended that increasing 1% in depreciation may cause a decrease in GDP growth by 5.26 units. A positive and significant impact of TNRR on GDP growth revealed and estimations confirm that an increase of 1% in total natural resource rent may cause an increase in GDP growth by 0.099 units. While, impact of governance on GDP growth revealed insignificant. Lastly, it is also endorsed that a uni-directional Granger causality runs from GDP growth to EDS, EDS to NODA, and no causal relationship has been confirmed between NODA and GDP growth in SA and SEA designated economies over 1971 to 2019.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/115875947/External_Debt_NODA_and_GDP_Growth_Nexus_for_South_Asian_and_Southeast_Asian_Selected_Economies","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2024-03-06T08:21:38.550-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":693873,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"External_Debt_NODA_and_GDP_Growth_Nexus_for_South_Asian_and_Southeast_Asian_Selected_Economies","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":693873,"first_name":"MUHAMMAD","middle_initials":"A","last_name":"MAZHER","page_name":"MUHAMMADMAZHER","domain_name":"iqbaltahir","created_at":"2011-08-28T09:47:42.987-07:00","display_name":"MUHAMMAD A MAZHER","url":"https://iqbaltahir.academia.edu/MUHAMMADMAZHER"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":724,"name":"Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics"},{"id":40860,"name":"Panel Data","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Panel_Data"},{"id":3227517,"name":"Gross Domestic Product","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gross_Domestic_Product"},{"id":3375557,"name":"Real Gross Domestic Product","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Real_Gross_Domestic_Product"}],"urls":[{"id":40086455,"url":"https://doi.org/10.55529/jcfmbs.23.1.12"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="111629728"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/111629728/Utilisation_of_Natural_Resources_as_a_Source_of_Inspiration_and_Innovation_in_SME_Development"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Utilisation of Natural Resources as a Source of Inspiration and Innovation in SME Development" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/109112005/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/111629728/Utilisation_of_Natural_Resources_as_a_Source_of_Inspiration_and_Innovation_in_SME_Development">Utilisation of Natural Resources as a Source of Inspiration and Innovation in SME Development</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Apollo: Journal of Tourism and Business</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Natural resources are an invaluable asset for every country. Utilisation of natural resources can...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Natural resources are an invaluable asset for every country. Utilisation of natural resources can also provide inspiration and innovation in the development of SMEs which is currently one of the important sectors in the Indonesian economy. This research will review the literature related to the potential of natural resources that can be utilised in the development of SMEs as well as strategies that can be used to develop SMEs by utilising natural resources. The research in question is primarily qualitative in nature. The techniques employed to acquire information involve attentive observation and meticulous note-taking, followed by analytical procedures such as data reduction, visualisation, and inference. The results showed that the potential in natural resource utilisation is huge and can provide significant benefits to the local and national economy. SMEs that utilise natural resources effectively and sustainably can increase the added value of products, improve product competiti...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="59de6f67bc527d5389acc6317e9f46e8" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":109112005,"asset_id":111629728,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/109112005/download_file?st=MTczMzAxODIwNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="111629728"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="111629728"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 111629728; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=111629728]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=111629728]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 111629728; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='111629728']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 111629728, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "59de6f67bc527d5389acc6317e9f46e8" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=111629728]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":111629728,"title":"Utilisation of Natural Resources as a Source of Inspiration and Innovation in SME Development","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Natural resources are an invaluable asset for every country. Utilisation of natural resources can also provide inspiration and innovation in the development of SMEs which is currently one of the important sectors in the Indonesian economy. This research will review the literature related to the potential of natural resources that can be utilised in the development of SMEs as well as strategies that can be used to develop SMEs by utilising natural resources. The research in question is primarily qualitative in nature. The techniques employed to acquire information involve attentive observation and meticulous note-taking, followed by analytical procedures such as data reduction, visualisation, and inference. The results showed that the potential in natural resource utilisation is huge and can provide significant benefits to the local and national economy. SMEs that utilise natural resources effectively and sustainably can increase the added value of products, improve product competiti...","publisher":"Media Digital Publikasi Indonesia (MDPI)","ai_title_tag":"Natural Resource Utilization for SME Innovation in Indonesia","publication_name":"Apollo: Journal of Tourism and Business"},"translated_abstract":"Natural resources are an invaluable asset for every country. Utilisation of natural resources can also provide inspiration and innovation in the development of SMEs which is currently one of the important sectors in the Indonesian economy. This research will review the literature related to the potential of natural resources that can be utilised in the development of SMEs as well as strategies that can be used to develop SMEs by utilising natural resources. The research in question is primarily qualitative in nature. The techniques employed to acquire information involve attentive observation and meticulous note-taking, followed by analytical procedures such as data reduction, visualisation, and inference. The results showed that the potential in natural resource utilisation is huge and can provide significant benefits to the local and national economy. SMEs that utilise natural resources effectively and sustainably can increase the added value of products, improve product competiti...","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/111629728/Utilisation_of_Natural_Resources_as_a_Source_of_Inspiration_and_Innovation_in_SME_Development","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2023-12-17T05:11:40.916-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":693873,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":109112005,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/109112005/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"58.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/109112005/download_file?st=MTczMzAxODIwNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Utilisation_of_Natural_Resources_as_a_So.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/109112005/58-libre.pdf?1702820188=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DUtilisation_of_Natural_Resources_as_a_So.pdf\u0026Expires=1733009649\u0026Signature=OUH3sAHyZewKM-kdCWdyc4Sru5DGMH8uY-y1Cm2E1Jw64LCnZ0KN2PPqvxz3MFFmBs3n7DsRgfEDt0J9MoN13fhd0Tn4hzUWdCs9CaWdyVG-MvrGnwvk7e56QspYBMK-bB69MYuIMyK2~ICuEn5krIK00WPZvx~XKCaHFbqmm0iXJ3SCi2tD7PSGr-ffaPOaikmxzMbB06XDX2~8w1VpIMOt24qdgcY6hAFauQO7~BruN7TuOSuazs758wVh--9CJs1TQTTqCC2ZBRt713skiwDjwXr9x7eIMaZ3I4RzVmQkklclnsPRoz8HI0T8fMjuk3CLFon-cMvUT4mLlV7zjQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Utilisation_of_Natural_Resources_as_a_Source_of_Inspiration_and_Innovation_in_SME_Development","translated_slug":"","page_count":11,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":693873,"first_name":"MUHAMMAD","middle_initials":"A","last_name":"MAZHER","page_name":"MUHAMMADMAZHER","domain_name":"iqbaltahir","created_at":"2011-08-28T09:47:42.987-07:00","display_name":"MUHAMMAD A MAZHER","url":"https://iqbaltahir.academia.edu/MUHAMMADMAZHER"},"attachments":[{"id":109112005,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/109112005/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"58.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/109112005/download_file?st=MTczMzAxODIwNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Utilisation_of_Natural_Resources_as_a_So.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/109112005/58-libre.pdf?1702820188=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DUtilisation_of_Natural_Resources_as_a_So.pdf\u0026Expires=1733009649\u0026Signature=OUH3sAHyZewKM-kdCWdyc4Sru5DGMH8uY-y1Cm2E1Jw64LCnZ0KN2PPqvxz3MFFmBs3n7DsRgfEDt0J9MoN13fhd0Tn4hzUWdCs9CaWdyVG-MvrGnwvk7e56QspYBMK-bB69MYuIMyK2~ICuEn5krIK00WPZvx~XKCaHFbqmm0iXJ3SCi2tD7PSGr-ffaPOaikmxzMbB06XDX2~8w1VpIMOt24qdgcY6hAFauQO7~BruN7TuOSuazs758wVh--9CJs1TQTTqCC2ZBRt713skiwDjwXr9x7eIMaZ3I4RzVmQkklclnsPRoz8HI0T8fMjuk3CLFon-cMvUT4mLlV7zjQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"},{"id":109112004,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/109112004/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"58.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/109112004/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Utilisation_of_Natural_Resources_as_a_So.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/109112004/58-libre.pdf?1702820192=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DUtilisation_of_Natural_Resources_as_a_So.pdf\u0026Expires=1733009649\u0026Signature=AlH7t1Qsk3zkE2Icfc-iSwFwCSVn3hBz7Ltq5QQTncGjQ6qw1uoWuQ83GE5h-ELhIlhR5390eWvQP5kTg~Yv4tALUESI6erpx6Wf25d5qfykIewJKB5NHZYFoc-jhiztm-fe~YIUclprKW-PxCyeoIwSKeCnRmguoFg~3-4GMKIriHAsn2NutLye9vNPFgX52DaxqMwDUYhDHmHW-bEGsCPGf8qMSYgX1bVTvb5M~ouaVIH7U~V-KnA6RL6DmIkyIdxRCmIT2kjaSXZQBKerYnMDKyBhK4bkQiww0-Z2dCFSiW3A5yZ3gcIREDo6o3kgZczwnVtkoCm92T1t93yo5A__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[],"urls":[{"id":37244589,"url":"https://journal.mediadigitalpublikasi.com/index.php/apollo/article/download/103/58"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="111629718"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/111629718/External_Debt_NODA_and_GDP_Growth_Nexus_for_South_Asian_and_Southeast_Asian_Selected_Economies"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of External Debt, NODA, and GDP Growth Nexus for South Asian and Southeast Asian Selected Economies" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/111629718/External_Debt_NODA_and_GDP_Growth_Nexus_for_South_Asian_and_Southeast_Asian_Selected_Economies">External Debt, NODA, and GDP Growth Nexus for South Asian and Southeast Asian Selected Economies</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The fundamental aim of this study is to fetch out the influence of NODA (net official development...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The fundamental aim of this study is to fetch out the influence of NODA (net official development assistance) and EDS (external debt stock) on GDP growth in South Asian and Southeast Asian designated economies over 1971 to 2019. This study refers to the Solow-Swan model of economic growth as hypothetical framework in its elementary sort and employ factors such as NODA, EDS, savings, capital, depreciation, governance, and in addition total natural resources rent as control variable. Using panel data sourced from WDI (world development indicators). This study employed various econometric techniques comprise FEM (fixed effect model), panel cointegration, panel dynamic least square (DOLS), and Granger causality test for desired regression estimations. Empirical estimations evident that EDS has a negative and significant impact on GDP growth whereas, NODA had a negative and insignificant impact on GDP growth. A positive and significant influence of savings on GDP growth observed and estimation confirm that by increasing 1% in savings may cause an increase in GDP growth by 13.19 units. Capital has a positive and significant impact on GDP growth and estimation outcomes confirm that an increase of 1% in capital may cause an increase of 10.14 units. A negative and significant impact of depreciation on GDP growth revealed and it is intended that increasing 1% in depreciation may cause a decrease in GDP growth by 5.26 units. A positive and significant impact of TNRR on GDP growth revealed and estimations confirm that an increase of 1% in total natural resource rent may cause an increase in GDP growth by 0.099 units. While, impact of governance on GDP growth revealed insignificant. Lastly, it is also endorsed that a uni-directional Granger causality runs from GDP growth to EDS, EDS to NODA, and no causal relationship has been confirmed between NODA and GDP growth in SA and SEA designated economies over 1971 to 2019.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="111629718"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="111629718"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 111629718; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=111629718]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=111629718]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 111629718; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='111629718']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 111629718, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=111629718]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":111629718,"title":"External Debt, NODA, and GDP Growth Nexus for South Asian and Southeast Asian Selected Economies","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The fundamental aim of this study is to fetch out the influence of NODA (net official development assistance) and EDS (external debt stock) on GDP growth in South Asian and Southeast Asian designated economies over 1971 to 2019. This study refers to the Solow-Swan model of economic growth as hypothetical framework in its elementary sort and employ factors such as NODA, EDS, savings, capital, depreciation, governance, and in addition total natural resources rent as control variable. Using panel data sourced from WDI (world development indicators). This study employed various econometric techniques comprise FEM (fixed effect model), panel cointegration, panel dynamic least square (DOLS), and Granger causality test for desired regression estimations. Empirical estimations evident that EDS has a negative and significant impact on GDP growth whereas, NODA had a negative and insignificant impact on GDP growth. A positive and significant influence of savings on GDP growth observed and estimation confirm that by increasing 1% in savings may cause an increase in GDP growth by 13.19 units. Capital has a positive and significant impact on GDP growth and estimation outcomes confirm that an increase of 1% in capital may cause an increase of 10.14 units. A negative and significant impact of depreciation on GDP growth revealed and it is intended that increasing 1% in depreciation may cause a decrease in GDP growth by 5.26 units. A positive and significant impact of TNRR on GDP growth revealed and estimations confirm that an increase of 1% in total natural resource rent may cause an increase in GDP growth by 0.099 units. While, impact of governance on GDP growth revealed insignificant. Lastly, it is also endorsed that a uni-directional Granger causality runs from GDP growth to EDS, EDS to NODA, and no causal relationship has been confirmed between NODA and GDP growth in SA and SEA designated economies over 1971 to 2019.","publication_date":{"day":26,"month":5,"year":2022,"errors":{}}},"translated_abstract":"The fundamental aim of this study is to fetch out the influence of NODA (net official development assistance) and EDS (external debt stock) on GDP growth in South Asian and Southeast Asian designated economies over 1971 to 2019. This study refers to the Solow-Swan model of economic growth as hypothetical framework in its elementary sort and employ factors such as NODA, EDS, savings, capital, depreciation, governance, and in addition total natural resources rent as control variable. Using panel data sourced from WDI (world development indicators). This study employed various econometric techniques comprise FEM (fixed effect model), panel cointegration, panel dynamic least square (DOLS), and Granger causality test for desired regression estimations. Empirical estimations evident that EDS has a negative and significant impact on GDP growth whereas, NODA had a negative and insignificant impact on GDP growth. A positive and significant influence of savings on GDP growth observed and estimation confirm that by increasing 1% in savings may cause an increase in GDP growth by 13.19 units. Capital has a positive and significant impact on GDP growth and estimation outcomes confirm that an increase of 1% in capital may cause an increase of 10.14 units. A negative and significant impact of depreciation on GDP growth revealed and it is intended that increasing 1% in depreciation may cause a decrease in GDP growth by 5.26 units. A positive and significant impact of TNRR on GDP growth revealed and estimations confirm that an increase of 1% in total natural resource rent may cause an increase in GDP growth by 0.099 units. While, impact of governance on GDP growth revealed insignificant. Lastly, it is also endorsed that a uni-directional Granger causality runs from GDP growth to EDS, EDS to NODA, and no causal relationship has been confirmed between NODA and GDP growth in SA and SEA designated economies over 1971 to 2019.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/111629718/External_Debt_NODA_and_GDP_Growth_Nexus_for_South_Asian_and_Southeast_Asian_Selected_Economies","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2023-12-17T05:11:28.220-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":693873,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"External_Debt_NODA_and_GDP_Growth_Nexus_for_South_Asian_and_Southeast_Asian_Selected_Economies","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":693873,"first_name":"MUHAMMAD","middle_initials":"A","last_name":"MAZHER","page_name":"MUHAMMADMAZHER","domain_name":"iqbaltahir","created_at":"2011-08-28T09:47:42.987-07:00","display_name":"MUHAMMAD A MAZHER","url":"https://iqbaltahir.academia.edu/MUHAMMADMAZHER"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":724,"name":"Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics"},{"id":40860,"name":"Panel Data","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Panel_Data"},{"id":3227517,"name":"Gross Domestic Product","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gross_Domestic_Product"},{"id":3375557,"name":"Real Gross Domestic Product","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Real_Gross_Domestic_Product"}],"urls":[{"id":37244579,"url":"https://doi.org/10.55529/jpome.23.14.25"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="98132545"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/98132545/Exploring_Relationship_between_Intrinsic_Rewards_Extrinsic_Rewards_and_Employee_Performance_in_University_Academics"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Exploring Relationship between Intrinsic Rewards, Extrinsic Rewards, and Employee Performance in University Academics" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/99567902/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/98132545/Exploring_Relationship_between_Intrinsic_Rewards_Extrinsic_Rewards_and_Employee_Performance_in_University_Academics">Exploring Relationship between Intrinsic Rewards, Extrinsic Rewards, and Employee Performance in University Academics</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>East Asian Journal of Multidisciplinary Research</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This study investigates the relationship between employee performance at private universities in ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This study investigates the relationship between employee performance at private universities in Lahore, Pakistan, and the extrinsic and intrinsic benefits that their employers provide them with. The empirical findings confirm that both intrinsic and extrinsic rewards have a positive and significant impact on employee performance for academic staff in private universities located in Lahore, Pakistan. The method of primary data study that we use allows us to collect the data using a questionnaire in a variety of private universities. Based on what we found, we think that it would be good for universities to offer incentives to their academic staff. These incentives could be either intrinsic or extrinsic, or they could be both.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="206f70cc4c804bfeed73531ad6f473b6" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":99567902,"asset_id":98132545,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/99567902/download_file?st=MTczMzAxODIwNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="98132545"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="98132545"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 98132545; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=98132545]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=98132545]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 98132545; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='98132545']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 98132545, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "206f70cc4c804bfeed73531ad6f473b6" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=98132545]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":98132545,"title":"Exploring Relationship between Intrinsic Rewards, Extrinsic Rewards, and Employee Performance in University Academics","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"This study investigates the relationship between employee performance at private universities in Lahore, Pakistan, and the extrinsic and intrinsic benefits that their employers provide them with. The empirical findings confirm that both intrinsic and extrinsic rewards have a positive and significant impact on employee performance for academic staff in private universities located in Lahore, Pakistan. The method of primary data study that we use allows us to collect the data using a questionnaire in a variety of private universities. Based on what we found, we think that it would be good for universities to offer incentives to their academic staff. These incentives could be either intrinsic or extrinsic, or they could be both.","publisher":"PT Formosa Cendekia Global","publication_name":"East Asian Journal of Multidisciplinary Research"},"translated_abstract":"This study investigates the relationship between employee performance at private universities in Lahore, Pakistan, and the extrinsic and intrinsic benefits that their employers provide them with. The empirical findings confirm that both intrinsic and extrinsic rewards have a positive and significant impact on employee performance for academic staff in private universities located in Lahore, Pakistan. The method of primary data study that we use allows us to collect the data using a questionnaire in a variety of private universities. Based on what we found, we think that it would be good for universities to offer incentives to their academic staff. These incentives could be either intrinsic or extrinsic, or they could be both.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/98132545/Exploring_Relationship_between_Intrinsic_Rewards_Extrinsic_Rewards_and_Employee_Performance_in_University_Academics","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2023-03-07T21:42:51.057-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":693873,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":99567902,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/99567902/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"1907.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/99567902/download_file?st=MTczMzAxODIwNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Exploring_Relationship_between_Intrinsic.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/99567902/1907-libre.pdf?1678258810=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DExploring_Relationship_between_Intrinsic.pdf\u0026Expires=1733009649\u0026Signature=gIosxRS5hauZOFs62MluH3U-dJ-ECUR7-rWbj~ICZcz3XlKiCir-gqMwRJPUomWjOSmfdRI7EsaFvCT0ZAzweKhyzl6or3qel1PlpKIfbkYfbosmAjxSnpsuw5unuC8LY4W7OXHAYGG6OL2yW~jIROzGaXGZXZ2sCvO4jBv-rP7ci4wkARe~O9KQVJLvopZXgnKnEtZsCt881ID-OG62qSsi0P2zRUiitAbfPYtUrfB9S65Jy0AJncnUbKguheSIlPFo6HeXIf2kEW-v2ZRyKV4YsmQNwKY5ppfbt0NqIbnrv3Fgwv-QbPqOl72pfvfxYP64F~vPdvWp-dHQ1ollBg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Exploring_Relationship_between_Intrinsic_Rewards_Extrinsic_Rewards_and_Employee_Performance_in_University_Academics","translated_slug":"","page_count":16,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":693873,"first_name":"MUHAMMAD","middle_initials":"A","last_name":"MAZHER","page_name":"MUHAMMADMAZHER","domain_name":"iqbaltahir","created_at":"2011-08-28T09:47:42.987-07:00","display_name":"MUHAMMAD A MAZHER","url":"https://iqbaltahir.academia.edu/MUHAMMADMAZHER"},"attachments":[{"id":99567902,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/99567902/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"1907.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/99567902/download_file?st=MTczMzAxODIwNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Exploring_Relationship_between_Intrinsic.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/99567902/1907-libre.pdf?1678258810=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DExploring_Relationship_between_Intrinsic.pdf\u0026Expires=1733009649\u0026Signature=gIosxRS5hauZOFs62MluH3U-dJ-ECUR7-rWbj~ICZcz3XlKiCir-gqMwRJPUomWjOSmfdRI7EsaFvCT0ZAzweKhyzl6or3qel1PlpKIfbkYfbosmAjxSnpsuw5unuC8LY4W7OXHAYGG6OL2yW~jIROzGaXGZXZ2sCvO4jBv-rP7ci4wkARe~O9KQVJLvopZXgnKnEtZsCt881ID-OG62qSsi0P2zRUiitAbfPYtUrfB9S65Jy0AJncnUbKguheSIlPFo6HeXIf2kEW-v2ZRyKV4YsmQNwKY5ppfbt0NqIbnrv3Fgwv-QbPqOl72pfvfxYP64F~vPdvWp-dHQ1ollBg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":38,"name":"Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Management"},{"id":724,"name":"Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics"},{"id":727,"name":"Development Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Development_Economics"},{"id":23986,"name":"Intrinsic motivation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intrinsic_motivation"},{"id":185860,"name":"Incentive","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Incentive"}],"urls":[{"id":29590389,"url":"https://journal.formosapublisher.org/index.php/eajmr/article/download/1921/1907"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="98132534"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/98132534/Causal_Relationship_Among_SME_s_Import_Export_Deposits_and_Small_Manufacturing_Contribution_to_GDP_Toda_Yamamoto_Analysis"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Causal Relationship Among SME’s Import, Export, Deposits, and Small Manufacturing Contribution to GDP – Toda Yamamoto Analysis" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/98132534/Causal_Relationship_Among_SME_s_Import_Export_Deposits_and_Small_Manufacturing_Contribution_to_GDP_Toda_Yamamoto_Analysis">Causal Relationship Among SME’s Import, Export, Deposits, and Small Manufacturing Contribution to GDP – Toda Yamamoto Analysis</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Review of economics and development studies</span><span>, Dec 31, 2022</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The purpose of the study was to identify the causal relationship between Pakistani SMEs&amp;#39; ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The purpose of the study was to identify the causal relationship between Pakistani SMEs&amp;#39; imports, exports, domestic deposits, and GDP in the small manufacturing sector over 2007-Q1 to 2020-Q4. Granger causality is a revolutionary and cutting-edge econometric technique that was presented by Toda and Yamamoto (1995). This technique enabled us to identify various kinds of observations, all of which are discussed in detail in the concluding part of the article. Four-causal relationship among the variables which revealed the empirical results. (i) fluctuations in exports values, total imports values and deposit in domestic currency may cause the changes in GDP of small manufacturing sector in Pakistan (ii) fluctuations in GDP of small manufacturing and deposits in domestic currency may cause the changes in total exports value in SME sector in Pakistan while changes in total imports value do not make the cause of changes in total exports value in Pakistan SME sector (iii) fluctuations in GDP of small manufacturing and total exports value may cause the changes in total imports value in SME sector in Pakistan while changes in deposit in domestic currency do not make the cause of changes in total imports value in SME sector in Pakistan and (iv) fluctuations in GDP of small manufacturing, total exports value, and total import values does not make the cause of changes in deposit in domestic currency in SME sector in Pakistan. Using secondary data and an estimation method to take into account new factors, the study also makes a big contribution to the ongoing research on SMEs in Pakistan.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="98132534"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="98132534"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 98132534; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=98132534]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=98132534]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 98132534; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='98132534']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 98132534, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=98132534]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":98132534,"title":"Causal Relationship Among SME’s Import, Export, Deposits, and Small Manufacturing Contribution to GDP – Toda Yamamoto Analysis","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The purpose of the study was to identify the causal relationship between Pakistani SMEs\u0026amp;#39; imports, exports, domestic deposits, and GDP in the small manufacturing sector over 2007-Q1 to 2020-Q4. Granger causality is a revolutionary and cutting-edge econometric technique that was presented by Toda and Yamamoto (1995). This technique enabled us to identify various kinds of observations, all of which are discussed in detail in the concluding part of the article. Four-causal relationship among the variables which revealed the empirical results. (i) fluctuations in exports values, total imports values and deposit in domestic currency may cause the changes in GDP of small manufacturing sector in Pakistan (ii) fluctuations in GDP of small manufacturing and deposits in domestic currency may cause the changes in total exports value in SME sector in Pakistan while changes in total imports value do not make the cause of changes in total exports value in Pakistan SME sector (iii) fluctuations in GDP of small manufacturing and total exports value may cause the changes in total imports value in SME sector in Pakistan while changes in deposit in domestic currency do not make the cause of changes in total imports value in SME sector in Pakistan and (iv) fluctuations in GDP of small manufacturing, total exports value, and total import values does not make the cause of changes in deposit in domestic currency in SME sector in Pakistan. Using secondary data and an estimation method to take into account new factors, the study also makes a big contribution to the ongoing research on SMEs in Pakistan.","publisher":"South Punjab Center for Research and Development (SPCRD)","publication_date":{"day":31,"month":12,"year":2022,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Review of economics and development studies"},"translated_abstract":"The purpose of the study was to identify the causal relationship between Pakistani SMEs\u0026amp;#39; imports, exports, domestic deposits, and GDP in the small manufacturing sector over 2007-Q1 to 2020-Q4. Granger causality is a revolutionary and cutting-edge econometric technique that was presented by Toda and Yamamoto (1995). This technique enabled us to identify various kinds of observations, all of which are discussed in detail in the concluding part of the article. Four-causal relationship among the variables which revealed the empirical results. (i) fluctuations in exports values, total imports values and deposit in domestic currency may cause the changes in GDP of small manufacturing sector in Pakistan (ii) fluctuations in GDP of small manufacturing and deposits in domestic currency may cause the changes in total exports value in SME sector in Pakistan while changes in total imports value do not make the cause of changes in total exports value in Pakistan SME sector (iii) fluctuations in GDP of small manufacturing and total exports value may cause the changes in total imports value in SME sector in Pakistan while changes in deposit in domestic currency do not make the cause of changes in total imports value in SME sector in Pakistan and (iv) fluctuations in GDP of small manufacturing, total exports value, and total import values does not make the cause of changes in deposit in domestic currency in SME sector in Pakistan. Using secondary data and an estimation method to take into account new factors, the study also makes a big contribution to the ongoing research on SMEs in Pakistan.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/98132534/Causal_Relationship_Among_SME_s_Import_Export_Deposits_and_Small_Manufacturing_Contribution_to_GDP_Toda_Yamamoto_Analysis","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2023-03-07T21:42:14.261-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":693873,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Causal_Relationship_Among_SME_s_Import_Export_Deposits_and_Small_Manufacturing_Contribution_to_GDP_Toda_Yamamoto_Analysis","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":693873,"first_name":"MUHAMMAD","middle_initials":"A","last_name":"MAZHER","page_name":"MUHAMMADMAZHER","domain_name":"iqbaltahir","created_at":"2011-08-28T09:47:42.987-07:00","display_name":"MUHAMMAD A MAZHER","url":"https://iqbaltahir.academia.edu/MUHAMMADMAZHER"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":38,"name":"Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Management"},{"id":724,"name":"Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics"},{"id":271890,"name":"Currency","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Currency"},{"id":487345,"name":"Economics and Development studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics_and_Development_studies"}],"urls":[{"id":29590382,"url":"https://doi.org/10.47067/reads.v8i4.469"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="95461214"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/95461214/Causal_Relationship_Among_SMEs_Import_Export_Deposits_and_Small_Manufacturing_Contribution_to_GDP_Toda_Yamamoto_Analysis"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Causal Relationship Among SME's Import, Export, Deposits, and Small Manufacturing Contribution to GDP -Toda Yamamoto Analysis" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/97637766/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/95461214/Causal_Relationship_Among_SMEs_Import_Export_Deposits_and_Small_Manufacturing_Contribution_to_GDP_Toda_Yamamoto_Analysis">Causal Relationship Among SME's Import, Export, Deposits, and Small Manufacturing Contribution to GDP -Toda Yamamoto Analysis</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Review of Economics and Development Studies</span><span>, 2022</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The purpose of the study was to identify the causal relationship between Pakistani SMEs' imports,...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The purpose of the study was to identify the causal relationship between Pakistani SMEs' imports, exports, domestic deposits, and GDP in the small manufacturing sector over 2007-Q1 to 2020-Q4. Granger causality is a revolutionary and cutting-edge econometric technique that was presented by Toda and Yamamoto (1995). This technique enabled us to identify various kinds of observations, all of which are discussed in detail in the concluding part of the article. Four-causal relationship among the variables which revealed the empirical results. (i) fluctuations in exports values, total imports values and deposit in domestic currency may cause the changes in GDP of small manufacturing sector in Pakistan (ii) fluctuations in GDP of small manufacturing and deposits in domestic currency may cause the changes in total exports value in SME sector in Pakistan while changes in total imports value do not make the cause of changes in total exports value in Pakistan SME sector (iii) fluctuations in GDP of small manufacturing and total exports value may cause the changes in total imports value in SME sector in Pakistan while changes in deposit in domestic currency do not make the cause of changes in total imports value in SME sector in Pakistan and (iv) fluctuations in GDP of small manufacturing, total exports value, and total import values does not make the cause of changes in deposit in domestic currency in SME sector in Pakistan. Using secondary data and an estimation method to take into account new factors, the study also makes a big contribution to the ongoing research on SMEs in Pakistan.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="d168a856b6c6f974e1b3f5a89d79ceac" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":97637766,"asset_id":95461214,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/97637766/download_file?st=MTczMzAxODIwNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="95461214"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="95461214"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 95461214; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=95461214]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=95461214]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 95461214; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='95461214']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 95461214, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "d168a856b6c6f974e1b3f5a89d79ceac" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=95461214]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":95461214,"title":"Causal Relationship Among SME's Import, Export, Deposits, and Small Manufacturing Contribution to GDP -Toda Yamamoto Analysis","translated_title":"","metadata":{"doi":"10.47067/reads.v8i4.469","abstract":"The purpose of the study was to identify the causal relationship between Pakistani SMEs' imports, exports, domestic deposits, and GDP in the small manufacturing sector over 2007-Q1 to 2020-Q4. Granger causality is a revolutionary and cutting-edge econometric technique that was presented by Toda and Yamamoto (1995). This technique enabled us to identify various kinds of observations, all of which are discussed in detail in the concluding part of the article. Four-causal relationship among the variables which revealed the empirical results. (i) fluctuations in exports values, total imports values and deposit in domestic currency may cause the changes in GDP of small manufacturing sector in Pakistan (ii) fluctuations in GDP of small manufacturing and deposits in domestic currency may cause the changes in total exports value in SME sector in Pakistan while changes in total imports value do not make the cause of changes in total exports value in Pakistan SME sector (iii) fluctuations in GDP of small manufacturing and total exports value may cause the changes in total imports value in SME sector in Pakistan while changes in deposit in domestic currency do not make the cause of changes in total imports value in SME sector in Pakistan and (iv) fluctuations in GDP of small manufacturing, total exports value, and total import values does not make the cause of changes in deposit in domestic currency in SME sector in Pakistan. 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(i) fluctuations in exports values, total imports values and deposit in domestic currency may cause the changes in GDP of small manufacturing sector in Pakistan (ii) fluctuations in GDP of small manufacturing and deposits in domestic currency may cause the changes in total exports value in SME sector in Pakistan while changes in total imports value do not make the cause of changes in total exports value in Pakistan SME sector (iii) fluctuations in GDP of small manufacturing and total exports value may cause the changes in total imports value in SME sector in Pakistan while changes in deposit in domestic currency do not make the cause of changes in total imports value in SME sector in Pakistan and (iv) fluctuations in GDP of small manufacturing, total exports value, and total import values does not make the cause of changes in deposit in domestic currency in SME sector in Pakistan. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="93899552"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/93899552/Exploring_Relationship_between_Intrinsic_Rewards_Extrinsic_Rewards_and_Employee_Performance_in_University_Academics"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Exploring Relationship between Intrinsic Rewards, Extrinsic Rewards, and Employee Performance in University Academics" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/96508953/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/93899552/Exploring_Relationship_between_Intrinsic_Rewards_Extrinsic_Rewards_and_Employee_Performance_in_University_Academics">Exploring Relationship between Intrinsic Rewards, Extrinsic Rewards, and Employee Performance in University Academics</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This study investigates the relationship between employee performance at private universities in...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This study investigates the relationship between <br />employee performance at private universities in <br />Lahore, Pakistan, and the extrinsic and intrinsic <br />benefits that their employers provide them with. <br />The empirical findings confirm that both <br />intrinsic and extrinsic rewards have a positive <br />and significant impact on employee <br />performance for academic staff in private <br />universities located in Lahore, Pakistan. The <br />method of primary data study that we use <br />allows us to collect the data using a <br />questionnaire in a variety of private universities. <br />Based on what we found, we think that it would <br />be good for universities to offer incentives to <br />their academic staff. These incentives could be <br />either intrinsic or extrinsic or they could be <br />both.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="cfc566a5867d59338041603d245f7e15" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":96508953,"asset_id":93899552,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/96508953/download_file?st=MTczMzAxODIwNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="93899552"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="93899552"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 93899552; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=93899552]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=93899552]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 93899552; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='93899552']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 93899552, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "cfc566a5867d59338041603d245f7e15" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=93899552]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":93899552,"title":"Exploring Relationship between Intrinsic Rewards, Extrinsic Rewards, and Employee Performance in University Academics","translated_title":"","metadata":{"doi":"10.55927/eajmr.v1i11.1921","abstract":"This study investigates the relationship between \nemployee performance at private universities in \nLahore, Pakistan, and the extrinsic and intrinsic \nbenefits that their employers provide them with. \nThe empirical findings confirm that both \nintrinsic and extrinsic rewards have a positive \nand significant impact on employee \nperformance for academic staff in private \nuniversities located in Lahore, Pakistan. The \nmethod of primary data study that we use \nallows us to collect the data using a \nquestionnaire in a variety of private universities. \nBased on what we found, we think that it would \nbe good for universities to offer incentives to \ntheir academic staff. These incentives could be \neither intrinsic or extrinsic or they could be \nboth.","ai_title_tag":"Intrinsic and Extrinsic Rewards Impact on University Staff Performance","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2022,"errors":{}}},"translated_abstract":"This study investigates the relationship between \nemployee performance at private universities in \nLahore, Pakistan, and the extrinsic and intrinsic \nbenefits that their employers provide them with. \nThe empirical findings confirm that both \nintrinsic and extrinsic rewards have a positive \nand significant impact on employee \nperformance for academic staff in private \nuniversities located in Lahore, Pakistan. The \nmethod of primary data study that we use \nallows us to collect the data using a \nquestionnaire in a variety of private universities. \nBased on what we found, we think that it would \nbe good for universities to offer incentives to \ntheir academic staff. These incentives could be \neither intrinsic or extrinsic or they could be \nboth.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/93899552/Exploring_Relationship_between_Intrinsic_Rewards_Extrinsic_Rewards_and_Employee_Performance_in_University_Academics","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2022-12-28T20:18:09.132-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":693873,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[{"id":39267097,"work_id":93899552,"tagging_user_id":693873,"tagged_user_id":null,"co_author_invite_id":6966842,"email":"m***r@s.unikl.edu.my","display_order":1,"name":"Muhammad Mazher","title":"Exploring Relationship between Intrinsic Rewards, Extrinsic Rewards, and Employee Performance in University Academics"}],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":96508953,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/96508953/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Exploring_Relationship_between_Intrinsic_Rewards_Extrinsic.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/96508953/download_file?st=MTczMzAxODIwNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Exploring_Relationship_between_Intrinsic.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/96508953/Exploring_Relationship_between_Intrinsic_Rewards_Extrinsic-libre.pdf?1672290100=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DExploring_Relationship_between_Intrinsic.pdf\u0026Expires=1733009649\u0026Signature=IZ5ybq~~gg6sD7khL3lqvYHXNQK8CmeQxBAb~DuyDyzgJvFAyU2iLY~xe9NHnWKNGaNAWK~XDRMwV0b~UJwjB2Bc3V0BKHZY6BPN9YnS2f4EnJ1dW0byKycxcUOr1DBk59I1LwIg4bHTlnjJaDKTfqNUOPPVyR1M35WEsKbxvrXAc4NxIRucedULuahZ0LeGEPfZwbjHwq6nolTuiXiKbWIWCTThy59PxP2BgHVMiDx8YBr-Pw3oJktC2JoZxBBt~H6jtosWXigQ4RUvbw1umFdRxKGQ~qVttJ7DyEsvm7ZID0FRZOYBNukcU-V3rybwAVARGFoHejW7y7ttIoyZag__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Exploring_Relationship_between_Intrinsic_Rewards_Extrinsic_Rewards_and_Employee_Performance_in_University_Academics","translated_slug":"","page_count":16,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":693873,"first_name":"MUHAMMAD","middle_initials":"A","last_name":"MAZHER","page_name":"MUHAMMADMAZHER","domain_name":"iqbaltahir","created_at":"2011-08-28T09:47:42.987-07:00","display_name":"MUHAMMAD A MAZHER","url":"https://iqbaltahir.academia.edu/MUHAMMADMAZHER"},"attachments":[{"id":96508953,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/96508953/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Exploring_Relationship_between_Intrinsic_Rewards_Extrinsic.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/96508953/download_file?st=MTczMzAxODIwNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Exploring_Relationship_between_Intrinsic.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/96508953/Exploring_Relationship_between_Intrinsic_Rewards_Extrinsic-libre.pdf?1672290100=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DExploring_Relationship_between_Intrinsic.pdf\u0026Expires=1733009649\u0026Signature=IZ5ybq~~gg6sD7khL3lqvYHXNQK8CmeQxBAb~DuyDyzgJvFAyU2iLY~xe9NHnWKNGaNAWK~XDRMwV0b~UJwjB2Bc3V0BKHZY6BPN9YnS2f4EnJ1dW0byKycxcUOr1DBk59I1LwIg4bHTlnjJaDKTfqNUOPPVyR1M35WEsKbxvrXAc4NxIRucedULuahZ0LeGEPfZwbjHwq6nolTuiXiKbWIWCTThy59PxP2BgHVMiDx8YBr-Pw3oJktC2JoZxBBt~H6jtosWXigQ4RUvbw1umFdRxKGQ~qVttJ7DyEsvm7ZID0FRZOYBNukcU-V3rybwAVARGFoHejW7y7ttIoyZag__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":38,"name":"Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Management"},{"id":724,"name":"Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics"},{"id":727,"name":"Development Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Development_Economics"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="83643769"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/83643769/Renewable_Nonrenewable_Energy_Consumption_and_Economic_Growth_Nexus_New_Evidence_from_the_Malaysian_Economy"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Renewable, Nonrenewable Energy Consumption, and Economic Growth Nexus: New Evidence from the Malaysian Economy" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/88921037/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/83643769/Renewable_Nonrenewable_Energy_Consumption_and_Economic_Growth_Nexus_New_Evidence_from_the_Malaysian_Economy">Renewable, Nonrenewable Energy Consumption, and Economic Growth Nexus: New Evidence from the Malaysian Economy</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Purpose: This research explores the relationship between renewable and non-renewable energy consu...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Purpose: This research explores the relationship between renewable and non-renewable energy consumption and Malaysian economic growth from 1990 to 2014. Design/ Method/ Approach: We have used the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Bounds test to achieve the primary research objectives. Findings: The findings revealed a positive and significant relationship between Malaysia's nonrenewable energy consumption, labour force, and RGDP. Malaysia's RGDP has a significant and negative relationship with net financial accounts. Research limitations: This study examines Malaysian economic time series data from 1990 to 2014. Practical implications: This study adds new insights into Malaysian renewable and nonrenewable energy consumption and its relationship to economic growth. As a result, empirical findings suggest that the Malaysian government establish adequate subsidies for renewable energy production, such as investment subsidies, tax breaks, credit sequels, and rebates.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="51c003db552690aa4bb3dda9fb469410" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":88921037,"asset_id":83643769,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/88921037/download_file?st=MTczMzAxODIwNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="83643769"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="83643769"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 83643769; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=83643769]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=83643769]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 83643769; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='83643769']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 83643769, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "51c003db552690aa4bb3dda9fb469410" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=83643769]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":83643769,"title":"Renewable, Nonrenewable Energy Consumption, and Economic Growth Nexus: New Evidence from the Malaysian Economy","translated_title":"","metadata":{"doi":"10.30566/ijo-bs/2022.07.92","abstract":"Purpose: This research explores the relationship between renewable and non-renewable energy consumption and Malaysian economic growth from 1990 to 2014. Design/ Method/ Approach: We have used the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Bounds test to achieve the primary research objectives. Findings: The findings revealed a positive and significant relationship between Malaysia's nonrenewable energy consumption, labour force, and RGDP. Malaysia's RGDP has a significant and negative relationship with net financial accounts. Research limitations: This study examines Malaysian economic time series data from 1990 to 2014. Practical implications: This study adds new insights into Malaysian renewable and nonrenewable energy consumption and its relationship to economic growth. As a result, empirical findings suggest that the Malaysian government establish adequate subsidies for renewable energy production, such as investment subsidies, tax breaks, credit sequels, and rebates.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2022,"errors":{}}},"translated_abstract":"Purpose: This research explores the relationship between renewable and non-renewable energy consumption and Malaysian economic growth from 1990 to 2014. Design/ Method/ Approach: We have used the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Bounds test to achieve the primary research objectives. Findings: The findings revealed a positive and significant relationship between Malaysia's nonrenewable energy consumption, labour force, and RGDP. Malaysia's RGDP has a significant and negative relationship with net financial accounts. Research limitations: This study examines Malaysian economic time series data from 1990 to 2014. Practical implications: This study adds new insights into Malaysian renewable and nonrenewable energy consumption and its relationship to economic growth. As a result, empirical findings suggest that the Malaysian government establish adequate subsidies for renewable energy production, such as investment subsidies, tax breaks, credit sequels, and rebates.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/83643769/Renewable_Nonrenewable_Energy_Consumption_and_Economic_Growth_Nexus_New_Evidence_from_the_Malaysian_Economy","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2022-07-24T06:01:11.160-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":693873,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[{"id":38576597,"work_id":83643769,"tagging_user_id":693873,"tagged_user_id":null,"co_author_invite_id":6966842,"email":"m***r@s.unikl.edu.my","display_order":1,"name":"Muhammad Mazher","title":"Renewable, Nonrenewable Energy Consumption, and Economic Growth Nexus: New Evidence from the Malaysian Economy"}],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":88921037,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/88921037/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"10.30566ijo_bs.2022.07.92.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/88921037/download_file?st=MTczMzAxODIwNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Renewable_Nonrenewable_Energy_Consumptio.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/88921037/10.30566ijo_bs.2022.07.92-libre.pdf?1658669271=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DRenewable_Nonrenewable_Energy_Consumptio.pdf\u0026Expires=1733009649\u0026Signature=XhSy9D1pNLqD373~hAazMUl-gaeu0h1VKFtnl46w9c-GQc9H~Lqs8goVCUS~MRwKzEStJ4bRbP5xQqYm6Pk44lYjBaBGV7Z0YR03J396BkFt0H-gp36R7nEO006DHS8uridgp9C3AvNIYl-dKHu7itKl-ZqBdcm7moG0ex54UU8vwHP643gKHwKaUA6~oLzw7KHUKLJepFxd3OZWL7WglvpD-Jxy8v4cHKCOks5HrMQZTZt4JgrOi8rSFgVXaEro-Adxy~ZszoAjTVxZviYFicUZAsypSvoYPRTBosRLZTo2JuZwSdrApWg55kTS-cOh1Mc6rcGzXpZzB29A03U4Nw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Renewable_Nonrenewable_Energy_Consumption_and_Economic_Growth_Nexus_New_Evidence_from_the_Malaysian_Economy","translated_slug":"","page_count":7,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":693873,"first_name":"MUHAMMAD","middle_initials":"A","last_name":"MAZHER","page_name":"MUHAMMADMAZHER","domain_name":"iqbaltahir","created_at":"2011-08-28T09:47:42.987-07:00","display_name":"MUHAMMAD A MAZHER","url":"https://iqbaltahir.academia.edu/MUHAMMADMAZHER"},"attachments":[{"id":88921037,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/88921037/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"10.30566ijo_bs.2022.07.92.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/88921037/download_file?st=MTczMzAxODIwNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Renewable_Nonrenewable_Energy_Consumptio.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/88921037/10.30566ijo_bs.2022.07.92-libre.pdf?1658669271=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DRenewable_Nonrenewable_Energy_Consumptio.pdf\u0026Expires=1733009649\u0026Signature=XhSy9D1pNLqD373~hAazMUl-gaeu0h1VKFtnl46w9c-GQc9H~Lqs8goVCUS~MRwKzEStJ4bRbP5xQqYm6Pk44lYjBaBGV7Z0YR03J396BkFt0H-gp36R7nEO006DHS8uridgp9C3AvNIYl-dKHu7itKl-ZqBdcm7moG0ex54UU8vwHP643gKHwKaUA6~oLzw7KHUKLJepFxd3OZWL7WglvpD-Jxy8v4cHKCOks5HrMQZTZt4JgrOi8rSFgVXaEro-Adxy~ZszoAjTVxZviYFicUZAsypSvoYPRTBosRLZTo2JuZwSdrApWg55kTS-cOh1Mc6rcGzXpZzB29A03U4Nw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":724,"name":"Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics"},{"id":55840,"name":"Business Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_Management"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="74523875"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/74523875/Not_aid_but_trade_an_application_of_ARDL_bound_test_for_Pakistan_economy"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Not aid, but trade - an application of ARDL bound test for Pakistan economy" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/82645530/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/74523875/Not_aid_but_trade_an_application_of_ARDL_bound_test_for_Pakistan_economy">Not aid, but trade - an application of ARDL bound test for Pakistan economy</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>International Journal of Financial, Accounting, and Management</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="d6cea06f9c1b98b13d118f09b3f54ece" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":82645530,"asset_id":74523875,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/82645530/download_file?st=MTczMzAxODIwNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="74523875"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="74523875"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 74523875; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=74523875]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=74523875]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 74523875; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='74523875']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 74523875, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "d6cea06f9c1b98b13d118f09b3f54ece" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=74523875]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":74523875,"title":"Not aid, but trade - an application of ARDL bound test for Pakistan economy","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publisher":"Goodwood Publishing","ai_title_tag":"Trade vs Aid: An ARDL Analysis of Pakistan's Economy","grobid_abstract":"Our research study aimed to analyze the statement of the proverb 'Not-Aid, but-Trade,' for the economy of Pakistan over 1970-2018 based on time-series data collected from the World Development Indicators-World Bank. Research Methodology: Through evaluation of the theoretical and empirical literature, we estimate the influence of official development assistance, trade openness, foreign direct investment, inflation, and gross capital formation on the gross domestic product of Pakistan. To accomplish the required concerns, we implied the Unit-Root test, and the Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model Bound analysis. Results: No significant relationship revealed between inflation and official development assistance. In contrast, the openness of trade and foreign direct investment shows a significant positive relationship with the gross domestic product of Pakistan. Similarly, gross capital formation has a negative but significant connection with the gross domestic product of Pakistan. For the short-run period, trade openness, foreign direct investment, and inflation impart to a positive and significant relationship; however, gross capital formation presents a negative but significant linking with gross domestic product. Limitations: Our study covers the Pakistan economy time-series data over the 1970-2018 period. Contribution: Our study is helpful for the Pakistani economic policy formation, particularly useful for academics and researchers to understand the basic concept related to 'not-aid but-trade' philosophy.","publication_name":"International Journal of Financial, Accounting, and Management","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":82645530},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/74523875/Not_aid_but_trade_an_application_of_ARDL_bound_test_for_Pakistan_economy","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2022-03-25T01:31:53.500-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":693873,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":82645530,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/82645530/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"50.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/82645530/download_file?st=MTczMzAxODIwNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Not_aid_but_trade_an_application_of_ARDL.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/82645530/50-libre.pdf?1648199590=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DNot_aid_but_trade_an_application_of_ARDL.pdf\u0026Expires=1733009649\u0026Signature=L2aNwHzOWSe8Rdb~9gCEk0ck~reG4mMwPqo2VohG~AZBXRSzBGs1x0WAO2QUDtT2gXADjyyY5fqqRlIj9AJ79Lxf3nZUFGtp7MzzCNSTUTCBy1zzW2SisFHSvl2-~Z-S7bJOhV2vCTjY~ThtErqaeI0uXZ~TQJak5Jr2VUw7Ft3Ld8j2CWyHDcWyHQ8SseXqfXNX6Ber-aEpHQ3qN2XI17rq-XfSqDg3ef7enm0tfwRRaqR4GwUNZcNtE~It6q0kxH7oIAn0jeaIebdmHcIDy6iloDBibq2tTH1gJ9opUpvsEU5zZUJFIQtJrlp43yYJIWk-w~ITsoBJZsv1TK6Qqw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Not_aid_but_trade_an_application_of_ARDL_bound_test_for_Pakistan_economy","translated_slug":"","page_count":14,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":693873,"first_name":"MUHAMMAD","middle_initials":"A","last_name":"MAZHER","page_name":"MUHAMMADMAZHER","domain_name":"iqbaltahir","created_at":"2011-08-28T09:47:42.987-07:00","display_name":"MUHAMMAD A MAZHER","url":"https://iqbaltahir.academia.edu/MUHAMMADMAZHER"},"attachments":[{"id":82645530,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/82645530/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"50.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/82645530/download_file?st=MTczMzAxODIwNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Not_aid_but_trade_an_application_of_ARDL.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/82645530/50-libre.pdf?1648199590=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DNot_aid_but_trade_an_application_of_ARDL.pdf\u0026Expires=1733009649\u0026Signature=L2aNwHzOWSe8Rdb~9gCEk0ck~reG4mMwPqo2VohG~AZBXRSzBGs1x0WAO2QUDtT2gXADjyyY5fqqRlIj9AJ79Lxf3nZUFGtp7MzzCNSTUTCBy1zzW2SisFHSvl2-~Z-S7bJOhV2vCTjY~ThtErqaeI0uXZ~TQJak5Jr2VUw7Ft3Ld8j2CWyHDcWyHQ8SseXqfXNX6Ber-aEpHQ3qN2XI17rq-XfSqDg3ef7enm0tfwRRaqR4GwUNZcNtE~It6q0kxH7oIAn0jeaIebdmHcIDy6iloDBibq2tTH1gJ9opUpvsEU5zZUJFIQtJrlp43yYJIWk-w~ITsoBJZsv1TK6Qqw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":724,"name":"Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics"},{"id":123874,"name":"Financial Management and partnership Accounting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Financial_Management_and_partnership_Accounting"},{"id":268489,"name":"Economics and management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics_and_management"},{"id":1255813,"name":"Accounting and Financial Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Accounting_and_Financial_Management"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="67386608"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/67386608/Macroeconomic_Underlying_Factors_of_Unemployment_in_Pakistan"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Macroeconomic Underlying Factors of Unemployment in Pakistan" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/78221166/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/67386608/Macroeconomic_Underlying_Factors_of_Unemployment_in_Pakistan">Macroeconomic Underlying Factors of Unemployment in Pakistan</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">To test the strength and growth of a given country&#39;s economy, unemployment is a foremost macr...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">To test the strength and growth of a given country&#39;s economy, unemployment is a foremost macroeconomic indicator consulted by Aurangzeb (2013a). According to Hamza & Kaushik (2015), unemployment deprives the obligatory resources of government that desired to develop the economy. It also distresses the rank of a nation in contrast to other nations. Unemployment is an obstacle for both developing and developed countries. Nevertheless, the impact and intensity might differ. According to Refik et al. (2010), unemployment has been the steadiest problem in both developed and developing countries. According to CIA World Factbook (2018), the world unemployment percentage rate (as % of labor force) overall from 2009-2017 remains 8.7%, 8.8%, 9.1%, 9%, 8.4%, 7.3% and 7.9% respectively. Currently, in world ranking, Zimbabwe is on the top with 95%, Iran is on 58 position with 12.4%, India is on 96 rank with 8.8%, China is on 167 rank with 4% and Afghanistan is on 10 rank with 35% while speci...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="ea86496533567f2ab99604f2c1cde01f" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":78221166,"asset_id":67386608,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/78221166/download_file?st=MTczMzAxODIwNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="67386608"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="67386608"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 67386608; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=67386608]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=67386608]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 67386608; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='67386608']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 67386608, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "ea86496533567f2ab99604f2c1cde01f" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=67386608]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":67386608,"title":"Macroeconomic Underlying Factors of Unemployment in Pakistan","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"To test the strength and growth of a given country\u0026#39;s economy, unemployment is a foremost macroeconomic indicator consulted by Aurangzeb (2013a). According to Hamza \u0026 Kaushik (2015), unemployment deprives the obligatory resources of government that desired to develop the economy. It also distresses the rank of a nation in contrast to other nations. Unemployment is an obstacle for both developing and developed countries. Nevertheless, the impact and intensity might differ. According to Refik et al. (2010), unemployment has been the steadiest problem in both developed and developing countries. According to CIA World Factbook (2018), the world unemployment percentage rate (as % of labor force) overall from 2009-2017 remains 8.7%, 8.8%, 9.1%, 9%, 8.4%, 7.3% and 7.9% respectively. Currently, in world ranking, Zimbabwe is on the top with 95%, Iran is on 58 position with 12.4%, India is on 96 rank with 8.8%, China is on 167 rank with 4% and Afghanistan is on 10 rank with 35% while speci...","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2020,"errors":{}}},"translated_abstract":"To test the strength and growth of a given country\u0026#39;s economy, unemployment is a foremost macroeconomic indicator consulted by Aurangzeb (2013a). According to Hamza \u0026 Kaushik (2015), unemployment deprives the obligatory resources of government that desired to develop the economy. It also distresses the rank of a nation in contrast to other nations. Unemployment is an obstacle for both developing and developed countries. Nevertheless, the impact and intensity might differ. According to Refik et al. (2010), unemployment has been the steadiest problem in both developed and developing countries. According to CIA World Factbook (2018), the world unemployment percentage rate (as % of labor force) overall from 2009-2017 remains 8.7%, 8.8%, 9.1%, 9%, 8.4%, 7.3% and 7.9% respectively. Currently, in world ranking, Zimbabwe is on the top with 95%, Iran is on 58 position with 12.4%, India is on 96 rank with 8.8%, China is on 167 rank with 4% and Afghanistan is on 10 rank with 35% while speci...","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/67386608/Macroeconomic_Underlying_Factors_of_Unemployment_in_Pakistan","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2022-01-06T07:11:21.020-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":693873,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":78221166,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/78221166/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"10.30566ijo-bs.2019.125.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/78221166/download_file?st=MTczMzAxODIwNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Macroeconomic_Underlying_Factors_of_Unem.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/78221166/10.30566ijo-bs.2019.125-libre.pdf?1641483025=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DMacroeconomic_Underlying_Factors_of_Unem.pdf\u0026Expires=1733009649\u0026Signature=c3bwb4KKnlLKKEB1pAsyG1JH2BTS3s4-5lcQsVGMS7JIhpSNC5EBkwd5r~Hw4ZkCbknnKLKDV9Z8qb~sx7sLrJF9B5h6ZCswr5x06AMLwMvxj68XYGNTiPcfq48cKehPA2iAZpDA~9TNvCLEfse6UvcB1uxPx-JQOkG4mwPIElQykjvFRbN9~Y8okp7utrg4CHsNdMYXT2a3jo3l0Kmh5TWoPZ38TZAT81SXthCge06fo-ZYRhZEiysehIITU6hwISNk3ve0j-F0Am9zJ~QIufIyXBQ~KvYqIvZH6ek5BvaeBNhex6HxsO8WLdj0L7rtVrgPMLzGm86kuNvgN1-tig__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Macroeconomic_Underlying_Factors_of_Unemployment_in_Pakistan","translated_slug":"","page_count":6,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":693873,"first_name":"MUHAMMAD","middle_initials":"A","last_name":"MAZHER","page_name":"MUHAMMADMAZHER","domain_name":"iqbaltahir","created_at":"2011-08-28T09:47:42.987-07:00","display_name":"MUHAMMAD A MAZHER","url":"https://iqbaltahir.academia.edu/MUHAMMADMAZHER"},"attachments":[{"id":78221166,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/78221166/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"10.30566ijo-bs.2019.125.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/78221166/download_file?st=MTczMzAxODIwNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Macroeconomic_Underlying_Factors_of_Unem.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/78221166/10.30566ijo-bs.2019.125-libre.pdf?1641483025=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DMacroeconomic_Underlying_Factors_of_Unem.pdf\u0026Expires=1733009649\u0026Signature=c3bwb4KKnlLKKEB1pAsyG1JH2BTS3s4-5lcQsVGMS7JIhpSNC5EBkwd5r~Hw4ZkCbknnKLKDV9Z8qb~sx7sLrJF9B5h6ZCswr5x06AMLwMvxj68XYGNTiPcfq48cKehPA2iAZpDA~9TNvCLEfse6UvcB1uxPx-JQOkG4mwPIElQykjvFRbN9~Y8okp7utrg4CHsNdMYXT2a3jo3l0Kmh5TWoPZ38TZAT81SXthCge06fo-ZYRhZEiysehIITU6hwISNk3ve0j-F0Am9zJ~QIufIyXBQ~KvYqIvZH6ek5BvaeBNhex6HxsO8WLdj0L7rtVrgPMLzGm86kuNvgN1-tig__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"},{"id":78221165,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/78221165/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"10.30566ijo-bs.2019.125.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/78221165/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Macroeconomic_Underlying_Factors_of_Unem.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/78221165/10.30566ijo-bs.2019.125-libre.pdf?1641483025=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DMacroeconomic_Underlying_Factors_of_Unem.pdf\u0026Expires=1733009649\u0026Signature=DhVgA1Mwi1OpJypWM-7kh9zoSfubsEs9isawgZoh3o6nnEEDDyjVkNH35f8v6N6oKicp3ptS1jPKkUZSFl33cMEPYyLdQqYoSH4TsbKBhn3-h5gQ~xO3HdVa7GGJn2i0MH2eg4liLU4waDxh225OG82Y6vwmsx3pqoU9prpTy8jiIqKSbLADKYjriRLj5JIQeTttl4jIQqrKJVD6D0VcQS~95v92v5dRp-u2-oi6oRxPzBm~jMtEemu4jd4vaHSqqeo~w1V9cAFhWCCoJT1360s0u7ifQY9JVro0zx~E66dpC3dQRa-EMZyikApkpMJ3JnTmPVwCXQv-5J8fcNDvKQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[],"urls":[{"id":16163962,"url":"https://ijo-bs.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/10.30566ijo-bs.2019.125.pdf"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="67386582"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/67386582/Pakistan_s_Infrastructure_Capital_Growth_Analysis"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Pakistan’s Infrastructure Capital-Growth Analysis" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/78221129/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/67386582/Pakistan_s_Infrastructure_Capital_Growth_Analysis">Pakistan’s Infrastructure Capital-Growth Analysis</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Purpose- This empirical study facet at Pakistan for the period between 1960 and 2017 in the conne...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Purpose- This empirical study facet at Pakistan for the period between 1960 and 2017 in the connection between public investment, public capital stock, private investment, private capital stock, and real GDP. Design/Methodology- Using theoretical and empirical literature assessment, to measure the impact of private investment, private capital stock, government investment, and government capital stock on Pakistan&#39;s real gross domestic product, we involved the ARDL Bound tests. Findings- A positive and significant connection was revealed between government investment, a private capital stock with real GDP. Private investment showed a substantial but negative impact in the short run, despite capital stocks indicating a positive and insignificant relationship with Pakistan&#39;s RGDP. The long-term consequences showed that the government&#39;s capital stocks, public investment, private capital stocks, and RGDP from Pakistan are linked positively and significantly. Private investment...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="d44cc7b3e8124af7c3d7e36ec3c2a04f" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":78221129,"asset_id":67386582,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/78221129/download_file?st=MTczMzAxODIwNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="67386582"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="67386582"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 67386582; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=67386582]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=67386582]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 67386582; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='67386582']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 67386582, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "d44cc7b3e8124af7c3d7e36ec3c2a04f" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=67386582]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":67386582,"title":"Pakistan’s Infrastructure Capital-Growth Analysis","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Purpose- This empirical study facet at Pakistan for the period between 1960 and 2017 in the connection between public investment, public capital stock, private investment, private capital stock, and real GDP. Design/Methodology- Using theoretical and empirical literature assessment, to measure the impact of private investment, private capital stock, government investment, and government capital stock on Pakistan\u0026#39;s real gross domestic product, we involved the ARDL Bound tests. Findings- A positive and significant connection was revealed between government investment, a private capital stock with real GDP. Private investment showed a substantial but negative impact in the short run, despite capital stocks indicating a positive and insignificant relationship with Pakistan\u0026#39;s RGDP. The long-term consequences showed that the government\u0026#39;s capital stocks, public investment, private capital stocks, and RGDP from Pakistan are linked positively and significantly. Private investment...","ai_title_tag":"Capital-Growth Dynamics in Pakistan's Economy (1960-2017)","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2020,"errors":{}}},"translated_abstract":"Purpose- This empirical study facet at Pakistan for the period between 1960 and 2017 in the connection between public investment, public capital stock, private investment, private capital stock, and real GDP. Design/Methodology- Using theoretical and empirical literature assessment, to measure the impact of private investment, private capital stock, government investment, and government capital stock on Pakistan\u0026#39;s real gross domestic product, we involved the ARDL Bound tests. Findings- A positive and significant connection was revealed between government investment, a private capital stock with real GDP. Private investment showed a substantial but negative impact in the short run, despite capital stocks indicating a positive and insignificant relationship with Pakistan\u0026#39;s RGDP. The long-term consequences showed that the government\u0026#39;s capital stocks, public investment, private capital stocks, and RGDP from Pakistan are linked positively and significantly. Private investment...","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/67386582/Pakistan_s_Infrastructure_Capital_Growth_Analysis","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2022-01-06T07:11:05.798-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":693873,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":78221129,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/78221129/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"131.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/78221129/download_file?st=MTczMzAxODIwNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Pakistan_s_Infrastructure_Capital_Growth.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/78221129/131-libre.pdf?1641483028=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DPakistan_s_Infrastructure_Capital_Growth.pdf\u0026Expires=1733009649\u0026Signature=Sgx3~9239l4dQAssKKeRTv4a2QnMHgSyMrYw8sGhrG1wlG-4vau43uja6DtIGt9rFBW~i2HGaw62BTuAiznkEy2OkYyv8xYGIbc6fvm9VO2cWjuarvIkRDQNT0tk9HGOXz7Ry-ctXb4iLMGvAxIxQDP3Vyx~h6DNjvwlOeVVTmD3lZtws3iC0mMmJC~hKo62DTTldtdOIcO6e2a0UILX6X8bRYC5I-46NhvoxT5RMdekbg14aAUFLXZdYV3g5eKiIxzGzxaprqRL79nX9m7mybWOPoSH3Zhno60EQ5VP3uQeg37LfZxp~iZV1gDW27gPk9SSMJ1O59UL8bpTFahnQA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Pakistan_s_Infrastructure_Capital_Growth_Analysis","translated_slug":"","page_count":12,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":693873,"first_name":"MUHAMMAD","middle_initials":"A","last_name":"MAZHER","page_name":"MUHAMMADMAZHER","domain_name":"iqbaltahir","created_at":"2011-08-28T09:47:42.987-07:00","display_name":"MUHAMMAD A MAZHER","url":"https://iqbaltahir.academia.edu/MUHAMMADMAZHER"},"attachments":[{"id":78221129,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/78221129/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"131.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/78221129/download_file?st=MTczMzAxODIwNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Pakistan_s_Infrastructure_Capital_Growth.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/78221129/131-libre.pdf?1641483028=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DPakistan_s_Infrastructure_Capital_Growth.pdf\u0026Expires=1733009649\u0026Signature=Sgx3~9239l4dQAssKKeRTv4a2QnMHgSyMrYw8sGhrG1wlG-4vau43uja6DtIGt9rFBW~i2HGaw62BTuAiznkEy2OkYyv8xYGIbc6fvm9VO2cWjuarvIkRDQNT0tk9HGOXz7Ry-ctXb4iLMGvAxIxQDP3Vyx~h6DNjvwlOeVVTmD3lZtws3iC0mMmJC~hKo62DTTldtdOIcO6e2a0UILX6X8bRYC5I-46NhvoxT5RMdekbg14aAUFLXZdYV3g5eKiIxzGzxaprqRL79nX9m7mybWOPoSH3Zhno60EQ5VP3uQeg37LfZxp~iZV1gDW27gPk9SSMJ1O59UL8bpTFahnQA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[],"urls":[{"id":16163947,"url":"https://journal.seisense.com/index.php/jom/article/download/486/131"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="59722819"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/59722819/Determining_Factor_for_Malaysian_Money_Demand_Function"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Determining Factor for Malaysian Money Demand Function" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/73498928/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/59722819/Determining_Factor_for_Malaysian_Money_Demand_Function">Determining Factor for Malaysian Money Demand Function</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>International Journal of Economics, Business and Accounting Research (IJEBAR)</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The reason for our study was to determine the factors that influence the role of money demand in ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The reason for our study was to determine the factors that influence the role of money demand in the Malaysian economy. We implicit various economic factors comprise real CPI, real interest rate, financial innovation, and real GDP and analyzed through implying ARDL Bound test for short-run and the long-run period over 1970-2018 time-series data. Based on empirical results, we revealed that over the short-run period, financial innovation having positive and significant while real GDP has a negative and significant relationship with real money demand function in Malaysia. The official real exchange rate has a positive and significant relationship with real money demand, with an increase of one unit in the real exchange rate, increasing the money demand function by 0.97 in the long term. More, negative and significant relationships revealed among real GDP and real money demand function which direct that by increase 1% change in real GDP direct to decrease in real money demand by 0.6395...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="240fc63370a4e43d9d05546bda8ab9da" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":73498928,"asset_id":59722819,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/73498928/download_file?st=MTczMzAxODIwNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="59722819"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="59722819"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 59722819; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=59722819]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=59722819]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 59722819; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='59722819']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 59722819, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "240fc63370a4e43d9d05546bda8ab9da" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=59722819]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":59722819,"title":"Determining Factor for Malaysian Money Demand Function","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The reason for our study was to determine the factors that influence the role of money demand in the Malaysian economy. We implicit various economic factors comprise real CPI, real interest rate, financial innovation, and real GDP and analyzed through implying ARDL Bound test for short-run and the long-run period over 1970-2018 time-series data. Based on empirical results, we revealed that over the short-run period, financial innovation having positive and significant while real GDP has a negative and significant relationship with real money demand function in Malaysia. The official real exchange rate has a positive and significant relationship with real money demand, with an increase of one unit in the real exchange rate, increasing the money demand function by 0.97 in the long term. More, negative and significant relationships revealed among real GDP and real money demand function which direct that by increase 1% change in real GDP direct to decrease in real money demand by 0.6395...","publisher":"STIE AAS Surakarta","publication_name":"International Journal of Economics, Business and Accounting Research (IJEBAR)"},"translated_abstract":"The reason for our study was to determine the factors that influence the role of money demand in the Malaysian economy. We implicit various economic factors comprise real CPI, real interest rate, financial innovation, and real GDP and analyzed through implying ARDL Bound test for short-run and the long-run period over 1970-2018 time-series data. Based on empirical results, we revealed that over the short-run period, financial innovation having positive and significant while real GDP has a negative and significant relationship with real money demand function in Malaysia. The official real exchange rate has a positive and significant relationship with real money demand, with an increase of one unit in the real exchange rate, increasing the money demand function by 0.97 in the long term. More, negative and significant relationships revealed among real GDP and real money demand function which direct that by increase 1% change in real GDP direct to decrease in real money demand by 0.6395...","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/59722819/Determining_Factor_for_Malaysian_Money_Demand_Function","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2021-10-23T19:04:17.445-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":693873,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":73498928,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/73498928/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"709.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/73498928/download_file?st=MTczMzAxODIwNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Determining_Factor_for_Malaysian_Money_D.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/73498928/709-libre.pdf?1635042024=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DDetermining_Factor_for_Malaysian_Money_D.pdf\u0026Expires=1733009649\u0026Signature=ga7FGWTuufWFuYXfMNcI-ogQLqNJPuQvaP4Itlk78VgfUPjzaAyJby~kvmuy-IO6FQfbP7E1VNMuh8cIyB6wmBMwS~s-b0A2oF0hTZX6cH-XTrNerIfxYuEneGoIuv4vPAwJTcYV3oQM5JXuR4KgyjT7k~gOCzWIbUJFhcFTb3YwFOgdR468VKy46bCMN8QyzDo3n1JgGL-Bz0fd4gsJd7Dd4~3EvU9IALWjpyBjxls9yFuniXPrcKbCAamifU-ZoZMfdTLUTdxjmD1Bhsz0WuX7iPRjGJHsWo3zN4rh5AjZk1kgEmwXGCviiDVeQT6BkJ68YPocX2y02wocn-Is-w__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Determining_Factor_for_Malaysian_Money_Demand_Function","translated_slug":"","page_count":12,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":693873,"first_name":"MUHAMMAD","middle_initials":"A","last_name":"MAZHER","page_name":"MUHAMMADMAZHER","domain_name":"iqbaltahir","created_at":"2011-08-28T09:47:42.987-07:00","display_name":"MUHAMMAD A MAZHER","url":"https://iqbaltahir.academia.edu/MUHAMMADMAZHER"},"attachments":[{"id":73498928,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/73498928/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"709.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/73498928/download_file?st=MTczMzAxODIwNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Determining_Factor_for_Malaysian_Money_D.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/73498928/709-libre.pdf?1635042024=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DDetermining_Factor_for_Malaysian_Money_D.pdf\u0026Expires=1733009649\u0026Signature=ga7FGWTuufWFuYXfMNcI-ogQLqNJPuQvaP4Itlk78VgfUPjzaAyJby~kvmuy-IO6FQfbP7E1VNMuh8cIyB6wmBMwS~s-b0A2oF0hTZX6cH-XTrNerIfxYuEneGoIuv4vPAwJTcYV3oQM5JXuR4KgyjT7k~gOCzWIbUJFhcFTb3YwFOgdR468VKy46bCMN8QyzDo3n1JgGL-Bz0fd4gsJd7Dd4~3EvU9IALWjpyBjxls9yFuniXPrcKbCAamifU-ZoZMfdTLUTdxjmD1Bhsz0WuX7iPRjGJHsWo3zN4rh5AjZk1kgEmwXGCviiDVeQT6BkJ68YPocX2y02wocn-Is-w__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"},{"id":73498927,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/73498927/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"709.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/73498927/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Determining_Factor_for_Malaysian_Money_D.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/73498927/709-libre.pdf?1635042024=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DDetermining_Factor_for_Malaysian_Money_D.pdf\u0026Expires=1733009649\u0026Signature=Enu3XB5ZWfT5LixpAX2wGHy3F~W6JmXjA8O0awQ-MaGQ3JAe7Pw3VPjWmW5Cv6hOKr94zr83Vz5VC~JLISSeczJaAISELi6irZRjjyLVYMs0x6WkIXYMv00fn6BVyB32GqnkVBCw64AzM0NsEgt3kc6pdCd2LaqFx148FgkeUGT2iTDmNjD7y1yj5r9-kUasVOfsTTPjy8kXYQlJWVYER7Emj9~Cm0sy7SPbacprPBW1OqjRdv0W2RMt7CRtMKTC3zJPCiDjWHLXLB2tz~Q7gVmlG47TMrrd3Dme3xk9A-cyq4dXG2n7pNZBzsejoC-S3Od54lm-6uD0FmNm-ZLdEQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[],"urls":[{"id":13608670,"url":"https://jurnal.stie-aas.ac.id/index.php/IJEBAR/article/viewFile/1091/709"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="54495645"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/54495645/Agriculture_and_rural_development"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Agriculture and rural development" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/54495645/Agriculture_and_rural_development">Agriculture and rural development</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">2020 Vision for Food, Agriculture, and the Environment AAA 2020 Conference Paper 2020 Policy Brie...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">2020 Vision for Food, Agriculture, and the Environment AAA 2020 Conference Paper 2020 Policy Brief 2010 Wilhelm-Pfeiffer Medal 2020 Focus 2010 AWARD Fellowships-All A Billion for a Billion 7th Space 2020 Vision for Food A Billion for a Billion Mozambique Strategy ...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="54495645"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="54495645"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 54495645; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="43978792"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/43978792/Determining_Factors_for_Malaysian_Money_Demand_Function"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Determining Factors for Malaysian Money Demand Function" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/64308413/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/43978792/Determining_Factors_for_Malaysian_Money_Demand_Function">Determining Factors for Malaysian Money Demand Function</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>International Journal of Management, Accounting and Economics</span><span>, 2020</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Our study based on determining factors that affect the function of demand for money in the Malays...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Our study based on determining factors that affect the function of demand for money in the Malaysian economy over 1970-2018 based on time-series data collected from WDI (World Bank). We tacitly include real CPI, real interest rate, financial innovation, real GDP, and implied the ARDL Bound tests. Derived from empirical evidence, we revealed that financial innovation has quite a significant and positive impact on the short-term. In contrast, real GDP has a negative and meaningful relationship with real money demand function in Malaysia. The official real exchange rate has a positive and significant relationship with real-money demand, with an increase in the real exchange rate of one unit, boosting the long-term function with money demand by 0.97. Negative and significant relationships revealed that by raising 1% real GDP dissecting to decrease real money demand by 0.6395 in the Malaysian economy. Eventually, real money demand anticipated 13.0796 once all independent variable in the Malaysian economy is zero.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="b3a439a76faedb9b8eddcce910d6ce4b" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":64308413,"asset_id":43978792,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/64308413/download_file?st=MTczMzAxODIwNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="43978792"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="43978792"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 43978792; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=43978792]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=43978792]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 43978792; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='43978792']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 43978792, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "b3a439a76faedb9b8eddcce910d6ce4b" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=43978792]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":43978792,"title":"Determining Factors for Malaysian Money Demand Function","translated_title":"","metadata":{"doi":"10.21511/imfi.13(2).2016.07","abstract":"Our study based on determining factors that affect the function of demand for money in the Malaysian economy over 1970-2018 based on time-series data collected from WDI (World Bank). 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Eventually, real money demand anticipated 13.0796 once all independent variable in the Malaysian economy is zero.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2020,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"International Journal of Management, Accounting and Economics"},"translated_abstract":"Our study based on determining factors that affect the function of demand for money in the Malaysian economy over 1970-2018 based on time-series data collected from WDI (World Bank). We tacitly include real CPI, real interest rate, financial innovation, real GDP, and implied the ARDL Bound tests. Derived from empirical evidence, we revealed that financial innovation has quite a significant and positive impact on the short-term. In contrast, real GDP has a negative and meaningful relationship with real money demand function in Malaysia. The official real exchange rate has a positive and significant relationship with real-money demand, with an increase in the real exchange rate of one unit, boosting the long-term function with money demand by 0.97. Negative and significant relationships revealed that by raising 1% real GDP dissecting to decrease real money demand by 0.6395 in the Malaysian economy. Eventually, real money demand anticipated 13.0796 once all independent variable in the Malaysian economy is zero.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/43978792/Determining_Factors_for_Malaysian_Money_Demand_Function","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2020-08-29T23:01:08.892-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":693873,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[{"id":35643937,"work_id":43978792,"tagging_user_id":693873,"tagged_user_id":693873,"co_author_invite_id":6966842,"email":"m***r@gmail.com","affiliation":"UNIVERSITY OF KUALA LUMPUR BUSINESS SCHOOL","display_order":1,"name":"MUHAMMAD A MAZHER","title":"Determining Factors for Malaysian Money Demand Function"},{"id":35643938,"work_id":43978792,"tagging_user_id":693873,"tagged_user_id":null,"co_author_invite_id":7068525,"email":"j***i@unikl.edu","display_order":2,"name":"Jauhari Dahalan","title":"Determining Factors for Malaysian Money Demand Function"}],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":64308413,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/64308413/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Determining Factors for Malaysian Money Demand Function.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/64308413/download_file?st=MTczMzAxODIwNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Determining_Factors_for_Malaysian_Money.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/64308413/Determining_Factors_for_Malaysian_Money_Demand_Function-libre.pdf?1598767433=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DDetermining_Factors_for_Malaysian_Money.pdf\u0026Expires=1733009649\u0026Signature=IXwmxmvxlqtEAZH63wotOGsO6DUPvqVmQLVLnhV3DzwASDSLzqbopM7sEcMRGvQmGGPYnfuN-fuE~GDHp3AbMKrie9HcTOy5Kvy1U7ip3dGSzeLm6q7lxFzQqvY1NzpSP2FaunzwOsk9mosfFag2tUFM0vnAx4O8LF9VcRI~4Tcuqjt7vnR0DBhqZPE9BRWR3LtIPQ0ac9UVS6WdZ6ZVIM3xSAhRE-OXOlnltMKeY2H~Ovb3GRIzgV~VzurVLwf7fSMEQV6siItZipBdTu63zFW5ycQPMeiR1vjtr9xXUUHd-ewtTWD-2Y0u3vt8TOSH~0UjZQwEMKSD49ArRkelVg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Determining_Factors_for_Malaysian_Money_Demand_Function","translated_slug":"","page_count":16,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":693873,"first_name":"MUHAMMAD","middle_initials":"A","last_name":"MAZHER","page_name":"MUHAMMADMAZHER","domain_name":"iqbaltahir","created_at":"2011-08-28T09:47:42.987-07:00","display_name":"MUHAMMAD A MAZHER","url":"https://iqbaltahir.academia.edu/MUHAMMADMAZHER"},"attachments":[{"id":64308413,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/64308413/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Determining Factors for Malaysian Money Demand Function.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/64308413/download_file?st=MTczMzAxODIwNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Determining_Factors_for_Malaysian_Money.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/64308413/Determining_Factors_for_Malaysian_Money_Demand_Function-libre.pdf?1598767433=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DDetermining_Factors_for_Malaysian_Money.pdf\u0026Expires=1733009649\u0026Signature=IXwmxmvxlqtEAZH63wotOGsO6DUPvqVmQLVLnhV3DzwASDSLzqbopM7sEcMRGvQmGGPYnfuN-fuE~GDHp3AbMKrie9HcTOy5Kvy1U7ip3dGSzeLm6q7lxFzQqvY1NzpSP2FaunzwOsk9mosfFag2tUFM0vnAx4O8LF9VcRI~4Tcuqjt7vnR0DBhqZPE9BRWR3LtIPQ0ac9UVS6WdZ6ZVIM3xSAhRE-OXOlnltMKeY2H~Ovb3GRIzgV~VzurVLwf7fSMEQV6siItZipBdTu63zFW5ycQPMeiR1vjtr9xXUUHd-ewtTWD-2Y0u3vt8TOSH~0UjZQwEMKSD49ArRkelVg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":724,"name":"Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics"},{"id":727,"name":"Development Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Development_Economics"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="43978744"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/43978744/Existence_of_Laffer_curve_in_Malaysia_July_2020"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Existence of Laffer curve in Malaysia July 2020" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/64308355/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/43978744/Existence_of_Laffer_curve_in_Malaysia_July_2020">Existence of Laffer curve in Malaysia July 2020</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of the Social Sciences</span><span>, 2020</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This research study determined whether the debt Laffer curve valid on the Malaysian economy or no...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This research study determined whether the debt Laffer curve valid on the Malaysian economy or not? For conquering the required study goals, we inaugurate two models and involve public debt to GDP ratio and its square with RGDP as a proxy for economic growth. While in another model, we involve some macroeconomic variables comprise of gross consumption expenditure (GCE), gross domestic savings (GDS), and trade for diagnostic motives. Through the Co-integration VECM model, no econometric empirical evidence revealed which snapshot the existence of the debt Laffer curves in the Malaysian economy. Furthermore, no long-run causality observed, and it revealed that the movement is away from the equilibrium. Granger causality revealed during the engrossment of other macroeconomic variables solitary.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="591685c1144ba6f5cf831d95d6a795f1" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":64308355,"asset_id":43978744,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/64308355/download_file?st=MTczMzAxODIwNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="43978744"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="43978744"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 43978744; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=43978744]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=43978744]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 43978744; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='43978744']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 43978744, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "591685c1144ba6f5cf831d95d6a795f1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=43978744]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":43978744,"title":"Existence of Laffer curve in Malaysia July 2020","translated_title":"","metadata":{"issue":"3","volume":"48","abstract":"This research study determined whether the debt Laffer curve valid on the Malaysian economy or not? For conquering the required study goals, we inaugurate two models and involve public debt to GDP ratio and its square with RGDP as a proxy for economic growth. While in another model, we involve some macroeconomic variables comprise of gross consumption expenditure (GCE), gross domestic savings (GDS), and trade for diagnostic motives. Through the Co-integration VECM model, no econometric empirical evidence revealed which snapshot the existence of the debt Laffer curves in the Malaysian economy. Furthermore, no long-run causality observed, and it revealed that the movement is away from the equilibrium. Granger causality revealed during the engrossment of other macroeconomic variables solitary.","page_numbers":"2892-2906","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2020,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Journal of the Social Sciences"},"translated_abstract":"This research study determined whether the debt Laffer curve valid on the Malaysian economy or not? For conquering the required study goals, we inaugurate two models and involve public debt to GDP ratio and its square with RGDP as a proxy for economic growth. While in another model, we involve some macroeconomic variables comprise of gross consumption expenditure (GCE), gross domestic savings (GDS), and trade for diagnostic motives. Through the Co-integration VECM model, no econometric empirical evidence revealed which snapshot the existence of the debt Laffer curves in the Malaysian economy. Furthermore, no long-run causality observed, and it revealed that the movement is away from the equilibrium. Granger causality revealed during the engrossment of other macroeconomic variables solitary.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/43978744/Existence_of_Laffer_curve_in_Malaysia_July_2020","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2020-08-29T22:48:05.955-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":693873,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[{"id":35643861,"work_id":43978744,"tagging_user_id":693873,"tagged_user_id":null,"co_author_invite_id":7068525,"email":"j***i@unikl.edu","display_order":1,"name":"Jauhari Dahalan","title":"Existence of Laffer curve in Malaysia July 2020"}],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":64308355,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/64308355/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Existance of Laffer curve in Malaysia July 2020 - Scopus.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/64308355/download_file?st=MTczMzAxODIwNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Existence_of_Laffer_curve_in_Malaysia_Ju.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/64308355/Existance_of_Laffer_curve_in_Malaysia_July_2020_-_Scopus-libre.pdf?1598767193=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DExistence_of_Laffer_curve_in_Malaysia_Ju.pdf\u0026Expires=1733009649\u0026Signature=NcyqlVRMnXfqmX83F5B41ptXtXukYnLCWk7ZbtWhk0h6PZY09sQB3XrqzNVO3xr-7MN5BmHBvuIQIibuehsx0gmzgaOuRqRLr5xlHG0vLuuLR7XXCLW4XXJZVHwZ3BlIWZPjqVMKO44EYA040wjfqi9F3JAWfZxQuO1OSIJmFg8S5Sif2xRySkYYpNI~qtnCt1AMEZsfpk2qQyu-gtHMvTFl9bWXxYBr~3TWp9PjXpzfLmwVnWD~3aQbvqn9G2AYD5HEtYr8sMtPaF68jgthgFiKB0hGZdK~H4cCsldgcqHm6KbTP0ere~AJ1xqYT9cEFPa5feYd656-JyEhYLOHHg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Existence_of_Laffer_curve_in_Malaysia_July_2020","translated_slug":"","page_count":15,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":693873,"first_name":"MUHAMMAD","middle_initials":"A","last_name":"MAZHER","page_name":"MUHAMMADMAZHER","domain_name":"iqbaltahir","created_at":"2011-08-28T09:47:42.987-07:00","display_name":"MUHAMMAD A MAZHER","url":"https://iqbaltahir.academia.edu/MUHAMMADMAZHER"},"attachments":[{"id":64308355,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/64308355/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Existance of Laffer curve in Malaysia July 2020 - Scopus.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/64308355/download_file?st=MTczMzAxODIwNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Existence_of_Laffer_curve_in_Malaysia_Ju.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/64308355/Existance_of_Laffer_curve_in_Malaysia_July_2020_-_Scopus-libre.pdf?1598767193=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DExistence_of_Laffer_curve_in_Malaysia_Ju.pdf\u0026Expires=1733009649\u0026Signature=NcyqlVRMnXfqmX83F5B41ptXtXukYnLCWk7ZbtWhk0h6PZY09sQB3XrqzNVO3xr-7MN5BmHBvuIQIibuehsx0gmzgaOuRqRLr5xlHG0vLuuLR7XXCLW4XXJZVHwZ3BlIWZPjqVMKO44EYA040wjfqi9F3JAWfZxQuO1OSIJmFg8S5Sif2xRySkYYpNI~qtnCt1AMEZsfpk2qQyu-gtHMvTFl9bWXxYBr~3TWp9PjXpzfLmwVnWD~3aQbvqn9G2AYD5HEtYr8sMtPaF68jgthgFiKB0hGZdK~H4cCsldgcqHm6KbTP0ere~AJ1xqYT9cEFPa5feYd656-JyEhYLOHHg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":727,"name":"Development Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Development_Economics"},{"id":747,"name":"Econometrics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Econometrics"},{"id":55840,"name":"Business Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_Management"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="43605203"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/43605203/Not_aid_but_trade_an_application_of_ARDL_bound_test_for_Pakistan_economy"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Not aid, but trade -an application of ARDL bound test for Pakistan economy" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/63908238/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/43605203/Not_aid_but_trade_an_application_of_ARDL_bound_test_for_Pakistan_economy">Not aid, but trade -an application of ARDL bound test for Pakistan economy</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>International Journal of Financial, Accounting, and Management (IJFAM)</span><span>, 2020</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Purpose: Our research study aimed to analyze the statement of the proverb 'Not-Aid, but-Trade,' f...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Purpose: Our research study aimed to analyze the statement of the proverb 'Not-Aid, but-Trade,' for the economy of Pakistan over 1970-2018 based on time-series data collected from the World Development Indicators-World Bank. Research Methodology: Through evaluation of the theoretical and empirical literature, we estimate the influence of official development assistance, trade openness, foreign direct investment, inflation, and gross capital formation on the gross domestic product of Pakistan. To accomplish the required concerns, we implied the Unit-Root test, and the Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model Bound analysis. Results: No significant relationship revealed between inflation and official development assistance. In contrast, the openness of trade and foreign direct investment shows a significant positive relationship with the gross domestic product of Pakistan. Similarly, gross capital formation has a negative but significant connection with the gross domestic product of Pakistan. For the short-run period, trade openness, foreign direct investment, and inflation impart to a positive and significant relationship; however, gross capital formation presents a negative but significant linking with gross domestic product. Limitations: Our study covers the Pakistan economy time-series data over the 1970-2018 period. Contribution: Our study is helpful for the Pakistani economic policy formation, particularly useful for academics and researchers to understand the basic concept related to 'not-aid but-trade' philosophy.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="1adc188498ebb67f863b2db59b4b40db" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":63908238,"asset_id":43605203,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/63908238/download_file?st=MTczMzAxODIwNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="43605203"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="43605203"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 43605203; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=43605203]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=43605203]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 43605203; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='43605203']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 43605203, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "1adc188498ebb67f863b2db59b4b40db" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=43605203]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":43605203,"title":"Not aid, but trade -an application of ARDL bound test for Pakistan economy","translated_title":"","metadata":{"doi":"10.35912/ijfam.v2i1.155","abstract":"Purpose: Our research study aimed to analyze the statement of the proverb 'Not-Aid, but-Trade,' for the economy of Pakistan over 1970-2018 based on time-series data collected from the World Development Indicators-World Bank. 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For the short-run period, trade openness, foreign direct investment, and inflation impart to a positive and significant relationship; however, gross capital formation presents a negative but significant linking with gross domestic product. Limitations: Our study covers the Pakistan economy time-series data over the 1970-2018 period. Contribution: Our study is helpful for the Pakistani economic policy formation, particularly useful for academics and researchers to understand the basic concept related to 'not-aid but-trade' philosophy.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2020,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"International Journal of Financial, Accounting, and Management (IJFAM)"},"translated_abstract":"Purpose: Our research study aimed to analyze the statement of the proverb 'Not-Aid, but-Trade,' for the economy of Pakistan over 1970-2018 based on time-series data collected from the World Development Indicators-World Bank. 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For the short-run period, trade openness, foreign direct investment, and inflation impart to a positive and significant relationship; however, gross capital formation presents a negative but significant linking with gross domestic product. Limitations: Our study covers the Pakistan economy time-series data over the 1970-2018 period. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="41676851"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/41676851/Macroeconomic_Underlying_Factors_of_Unemployment_in_Pakistan"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Macroeconomic Underlying Factors of Unemployment in Pakistan" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/61832228/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/41676851/Macroeconomic_Underlying_Factors_of_Unemployment_in_Pakistan">Macroeconomic Underlying Factors of Unemployment in Pakistan</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://iqbaltahir.academia.edu/MUHAMMADMAZHER">MUHAMMAD A MAZHER</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/DahalanJauhari">Jauhari Dahalan</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>International Journal of Business Society</span><span>, 2019</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Unemployment is one of the challenges facing today’s world. The impartial of the study was to exa...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Unemployment is one of the challenges facing today’s world. The impartial of the study was to examine the long-run and short-run relationships between unemployment and its macro-economic determinants comprising energy usage, FDI, GDP growth, inflation deflator, and population over 1970-2018. After using the Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) tests through Schwarz Info Criterion (SIC), Akaike Info Criterion (AIC) and Phillips-Perron (PP) for unit-root, this study employed Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach. The regression result proposes that under short-run and long-run energy usage, FDI and Population have together been domineering in amplification of the long-run unemployment rate. The significant and negative coefficient of error correction term indicates to the high speed of adjustment to achieve the long-run equilibrium. In conclusion, the study proposes the government should increase the level of aggregate supply, economic growth along with job formation, form an encouraging environment that induces much foreign direct investments (FDI) and control the population pressure, consolidate the existing entrepreneurship activity with new entrepreneurial entrants to create more employment and fascinate a huge pool of unemployed population.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="72804ab804bb317ac159626980bb1a4a" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":61832228,"asset_id":41676851,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/61832228/download_file?st=MTczMzAxODIwNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="41676851"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="41676851"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 41676851; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=41676851]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=41676851]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 41676851; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='41676851']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 41676851, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "72804ab804bb317ac159626980bb1a4a" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=41676851]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":41676851,"title":"Macroeconomic Underlying Factors of Unemployment in Pakistan","translated_title":"","metadata":{"doi":"10.30566/ijo-bs/2019.125","abstract":"Unemployment is one of the challenges facing today’s world. 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In conclusion, the study proposes the government should increase the level of aggregate supply, economic growth along with job formation, form an encouraging environment that induces much foreign direct investments (FDI) and control the population pressure, consolidate the existing entrepreneurship activity with new entrepreneurial entrants to create more employment and fascinate a huge pool of unemployed population.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2019,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"International Journal of Business Society"},"translated_abstract":"Unemployment is one of the challenges facing today’s world. The impartial of the study was to examine the long-run and short-run relationships between unemployment and its macro-economic determinants comprising energy usage, FDI, GDP growth, inflation deflator, and population over 1970-2018. After using the Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) tests through Schwarz Info Criterion (SIC), Akaike Info Criterion (AIC) and Phillips-Perron (PP) for unit-root, this study employed Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach. The regression result proposes that under short-run and long-run energy usage, FDI and Population have together been domineering in amplification of the long-run unemployment rate. The significant and negative coefficient of error correction term indicates to the high speed of adjustment to achieve the long-run equilibrium. In conclusion, the study proposes the government should increase the level of aggregate supply, economic growth along with job formation, form an encouraging environment that induces much foreign direct investments (FDI) and control the population pressure, consolidate the existing entrepreneurship activity with new entrepreneurial entrants to create more employment and fascinate a huge pool of unemployed population.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/41676851/Macroeconomic_Underlying_Factors_of_Unemployment_in_Pakistan","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2020-01-19T18:52:15.231-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":693873,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[{"id":33530577,"work_id":41676851,"tagging_user_id":693873,"tagged_user_id":143795789,"co_author_invite_id":6966843,"email":"j***i@unikl.edu.my","display_order":1,"name":"Jauhari Dahalan","title":"Macroeconomic Underlying Factors of Unemployment in Pakistan"}],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":61832228,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/61832228/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Published_Article20200119-13010-ftod5r.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/61832228/download_file?st=MTczMzAxODIwNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Macroeconomic_Underlying_Factors_of_Unem.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/61832228/Published_Article20200119-13010-ftod5r-libre.pdf?1579489344=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DMacroeconomic_Underlying_Factors_of_Unem.pdf\u0026Expires=1733009650\u0026Signature=ZP87yfIXRtEJ8KzCjEhffYrcYdumBPMzk2-LzpppdXeOvgaM2TI4i5b3IcxUIqeLHfsZE6VWP--I3iFeTI~Gn6nmGWD53MQn2YFDFxuiRL6FT4lrXzdqZGm8tqoqwrYhYmFC5hOu3yHkqUV1YALz47amHw2j8sQvDczmzSCz3og-s0MwfXXSz1CuTYnArGOR1pxbjjI2B2nIOU0DG4Q5KqUN8pn~lM~8pPqQwm9Qr0l50XpxqYCkan6nlfE43uHGiZA3Pu20yQrem5vX932CmQNtcl~XVWOS6IpAvlVFl0FBmPaJ6gcN2qXbeNHDYN6FIDYkJeHe5M4Jxa39ML2V5A__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Macroeconomic_Underlying_Factors_of_Unemployment_in_Pakistan","translated_slug":"","page_count":6,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":693873,"first_name":"MUHAMMAD","middle_initials":"A","last_name":"MAZHER","page_name":"MUHAMMADMAZHER","domain_name":"iqbaltahir","created_at":"2011-08-28T09:47:42.987-07:00","display_name":"MUHAMMAD A MAZHER","url":"https://iqbaltahir.academia.edu/MUHAMMADMAZHER"},"attachments":[{"id":61832228,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/61832228/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Published_Article20200119-13010-ftod5r.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/61832228/download_file?st=MTczMzAxODIwNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Macroeconomic_Underlying_Factors_of_Unem.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/61832228/Published_Article20200119-13010-ftod5r-libre.pdf?1579489344=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DMacroeconomic_Underlying_Factors_of_Unem.pdf\u0026Expires=1733009650\u0026Signature=ZP87yfIXRtEJ8KzCjEhffYrcYdumBPMzk2-LzpppdXeOvgaM2TI4i5b3IcxUIqeLHfsZE6VWP--I3iFeTI~Gn6nmGWD53MQn2YFDFxuiRL6FT4lrXzdqZGm8tqoqwrYhYmFC5hOu3yHkqUV1YALz47amHw2j8sQvDczmzSCz3og-s0MwfXXSz1CuTYnArGOR1pxbjjI2B2nIOU0DG4Q5KqUN8pn~lM~8pPqQwm9Qr0l50XpxqYCkan6nlfE43uHGiZA3Pu20yQrem5vX932CmQNtcl~XVWOS6IpAvlVFl0FBmPaJ6gcN2qXbeNHDYN6FIDYkJeHe5M4Jxa39ML2V5A__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":727,"name":"Development Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Development_Economics"},{"id":747,"name":"Econometrics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Econometrics"},{"id":764,"name":"Macroeconomics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Macroeconomics"},{"id":70649,"name":"External Debt","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/External_Debt"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="39977315"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/39977315/Micro_credit_delinquency_and_its_determinants_An_empirical_analysis"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Micro-credit delinquency and it's determinants: An empirical analysis" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/60168297/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/39977315/Micro_credit_delinquency_and_its_determinants_An_empirical_analysis">Micro-credit delinquency and it's determinants: An empirical analysis</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR INNOVATIVE RESEARCH IN MULTIDISCIPLINARY FIELD</span><span>, 2019</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This study interpret the causes or dynamics which may root the debt delinquency in microcredit fi...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This study interpret the causes or dynamics which may root the debt delinquency in microcredit field. This study reflect the particular sample area (Lahore, Pakistan) for the data collection. Through questioner data<br />collection methodology with simple random sample of size 200, we involved econometrics techniques using SPSS software. Overall model summery estimation consequence revealed that, 28% of the total variation of dependent variable in our model can be explained by the independent variables. No autocorrelation, multicollinearity and homogeneity exist among the residual. Model fitness also confirmed through ANOVA analysis. Likewise, negative and non-significant relationship detected between preferred cash or asset loan and loan delinquency in our study. It is conclude that, nature of business (sole/partnership business) having positive and significant association with loan types (individual/SHG) and loan delinquency while having positive and non-significant connection. Preferred cash loan or asset loan revealing positive non-significant connection with nature of business and loan type whereas negative and non-significant with loan delinquency. The loan type showing positive and significant relationship with nature of business and loan delinquency however positive  nevertheless non-significant relation with preferred cash loan or asset loan. Finally, loan delinquency exposed the significant and positive relationship with nature of business and loan type while negative and non-significant relationship with preferred cash based loan or asset based loan.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="3c97ff17c7df628fb2b2c2b175d33a9e" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":60168297,"asset_id":39977315,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/60168297/download_file?st=MTczMzAxODIwNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="39977315"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="39977315"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 39977315; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=39977315]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=39977315]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 39977315; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='39977315']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 39977315, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "3c97ff17c7df628fb2b2c2b175d33a9e" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=39977315]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":39977315,"title":"Micro-credit delinquency and it's determinants: An empirical analysis","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"This study interpret the causes or dynamics which may root the debt delinquency in microcredit field. This study reflect the particular sample area (Lahore, Pakistan) for the data collection. Through questioner data\ncollection methodology with simple random sample of size 200, we involved econometrics techniques using SPSS software. Overall model summery estimation consequence revealed that, 28% of the total variation of dependent variable in our model can be explained by the independent variables. No autocorrelation, multicollinearity and homogeneity exist among the residual. Model fitness also confirmed through ANOVA analysis. Likewise, negative and non-significant relationship detected between preferred cash or asset loan and loan delinquency in our study. It is conclude that, nature of business (sole/partnership business) having positive and significant association with loan types (individual/SHG) and loan delinquency while having positive and non-significant connection. Preferred cash loan or asset loan revealing positive non-significant connection with nature of business and loan type whereas negative and non-significant with loan delinquency. The loan type showing positive and significant relationship with nature of business and loan delinquency however positive nevertheless non-significant relation with preferred cash loan or asset loan. Finally, loan delinquency exposed the significant and positive relationship with nature of business and loan type while negative and non-significant relationship with preferred cash based loan or asset based loan. ","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2019,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR INNOVATIVE RESEARCH IN MULTIDISCIPLINARY FIELD"},"translated_abstract":"This study interpret the causes or dynamics which may root the debt delinquency in microcredit field. This study reflect the particular sample area (Lahore, Pakistan) for the data collection. Through questioner data\ncollection methodology with simple random sample of size 200, we involved econometrics techniques using SPSS software. Overall model summery estimation consequence revealed that, 28% of the total variation of dependent variable in our model can be explained by the independent variables. No autocorrelation, multicollinearity and homogeneity exist among the residual. Model fitness also confirmed through ANOVA analysis. Likewise, negative and non-significant relationship detected between preferred cash or asset loan and loan delinquency in our study. It is conclude that, nature of business (sole/partnership business) having positive and significant association with loan types (individual/SHG) and loan delinquency while having positive and non-significant connection. Preferred cash loan or asset loan revealing positive non-significant connection with nature of business and loan type whereas negative and non-significant with loan delinquency. The loan type showing positive and significant relationship with nature of business and loan delinquency however positive nevertheless non-significant relation with preferred cash loan or asset loan. Finally, loan delinquency exposed the significant and positive relationship with nature of business and loan type while negative and non-significant relationship with preferred cash based loan or asset based loan. ","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/39977315/Micro_credit_delinquency_and_its_determinants_An_empirical_analysis","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2019-07-31T03:09:13.288-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":693873,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[{"id":32866038,"work_id":39977315,"tagging_user_id":693873,"tagged_user_id":null,"co_author_invite_id":6881125,"email":"m***r@s.unil.edu.my","display_order":1,"name":"Muhammad Ahmad","title":"Micro-credit delinquency and it's determinants: An empirical analysis"}],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":60168297,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/60168297/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Micro-credit_delinquency_and_its_determinants20190731-70712-1kx58f2.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/60168297/download_file?st=MTczMzAxODIwNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Micro_credit_delinquency_and_its_determi.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/60168297/Micro-credit_delinquency_and_its_determinants20190731-70712-1kx58f2-libre.pdf?1564568154=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DMicro_credit_delinquency_and_its_determi.pdf\u0026Expires=1733009650\u0026Signature=eoFZzcn5aFdm6-412QbhgKTLXRLaMf0gQv0ZFBfMfnzI82Ro6sVAW5WYOjwsHbo5~bIahY3oBWl0uCO2Pl61wNfHR-wYjoxlJ2wyB0pDVvEUwxyvhAZyCx8QrD7H~e7SokP9ypDjMBLE~3UHVI~IZQ5t62qZnnRIakUypoAfb8Ty1uKqTqkQ4RLbCd1zdSKEnX4hanGaK92mqfB4pHd9lBR62jTym3xETdjbm9UdqR~fkXkracj0qwHcVkd7Ak1FG78i8xPmnQ83suNIXIiA8buQ2EStxUd7nGriUHL-dOOdpB7ZXv7U5dQpyeWl48PG7aFB0FbhdyL3eciRK6~Y2A__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Micro_credit_delinquency_and_its_determinants_An_empirical_analysis","translated_slug":"","page_count":10,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":693873,"first_name":"MUHAMMAD","middle_initials":"A","last_name":"MAZHER","page_name":"MUHAMMADMAZHER","domain_name":"iqbaltahir","created_at":"2011-08-28T09:47:42.987-07:00","display_name":"MUHAMMAD A MAZHER","url":"https://iqbaltahir.academia.edu/MUHAMMADMAZHER"},"attachments":[{"id":60168297,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/60168297/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Micro-credit_delinquency_and_its_determinants20190731-70712-1kx58f2.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/60168297/download_file?st=MTczMzAxODIwNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Micro_credit_delinquency_and_its_determi.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/60168297/Micro-credit_delinquency_and_its_determinants20190731-70712-1kx58f2-libre.pdf?1564568154=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DMicro_credit_delinquency_and_its_determi.pdf\u0026Expires=1733009650\u0026Signature=eoFZzcn5aFdm6-412QbhgKTLXRLaMf0gQv0ZFBfMfnzI82Ro6sVAW5WYOjwsHbo5~bIahY3oBWl0uCO2Pl61wNfHR-wYjoxlJ2wyB0pDVvEUwxyvhAZyCx8QrD7H~e7SokP9ypDjMBLE~3UHVI~IZQ5t62qZnnRIakUypoAfb8Ty1uKqTqkQ4RLbCd1zdSKEnX4hanGaK92mqfB4pHd9lBR62jTym3xETdjbm9UdqR~fkXkracj0qwHcVkd7Ak1FG78i8xPmnQ83suNIXIiA8buQ2EStxUd7nGriUHL-dOOdpB7ZXv7U5dQpyeWl48PG7aFB0FbhdyL3eciRK6~Y2A__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":51673,"name":"Microcredit","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microcredit"},{"id":70649,"name":"External Debt","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/External_Debt"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="38717546"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/38717546/Effects_of_External_Debt_Interest_Payments_and_Export_Earnings_for_Economic_Growth_of_Pakistan"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Effects of External Debt, Interest Payments and Export Earnings for Economic Growth of Pakistan" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/58801900/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/38717546/Effects_of_External_Debt_Interest_Payments_and_Export_Earnings_for_Economic_Growth_of_Pakistan">Effects of External Debt, Interest Payments and Export Earnings for Economic Growth of Pakistan</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>International Research Journal of Marketing & Economics</span><span>, 2019</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">In this study, the relationship between external debt, interest payment, exports earnings and eco...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">In this study, the relationship between external debt, interest payment, exports earnings and economic growth had been analysed for the Pakistan over the 1970-2017 with the help of cointegration analysis. Relationship between ratios of variables combined in our study was restrained through econometrics techniques consist of unit root, Johansen co-integration and error correction model (ECM) to acquire the unbiased consequences. It had been determined that in short-run period, external debt (ED) to GDP having significant and negative relationship, external debt (ED) to export earnings (EE) ratio shows insignificant and negative relation with GDP. While, interest payments on external debt (IP) to GDP ratio presenting insignificant but positive relationship with GDP. For long-run period, the outcomes shows that, ED to GDP, ED to EE and IP to GDP ratios reveals negative and insignificant relationship with GDP of Pakistan economy for the described period. We conclude that the GDP get effected about 56% due to independent variable ratios in Pakistani economy for the years 1970-2017.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="04ebb325b95ca5fc01362c6e7db0830e" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":58801900,"asset_id":38717546,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58801900/download_file?st=MTczMzAxODIwNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="38717546"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="38717546"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38717546; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38717546]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38717546]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38717546; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='38717546']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 38717546, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "04ebb325b95ca5fc01362c6e7db0830e" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=38717546]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":38717546,"title":"Effects of External Debt, Interest Payments and Export Earnings for Economic Growth of Pakistan","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"In this study, the relationship between external debt, interest payment, exports earnings and economic growth had been analysed for the Pakistan over the 1970-2017 with the help of cointegration analysis. Relationship between ratios of variables combined in our study was restrained through econometrics techniques consist of unit root, Johansen co-integration and error correction model (ECM) to acquire the unbiased consequences. It had been determined that in short-run period, external debt (ED) to GDP having significant and negative relationship, external debt (ED) to export earnings (EE) ratio shows insignificant and negative relation with GDP. While, interest payments on external debt (IP) to GDP ratio presenting insignificant but positive relationship with GDP. For long-run period, the outcomes shows that, ED to GDP, ED to EE and IP to GDP ratios reveals negative and insignificant relationship with GDP of Pakistan economy for the described period. We conclude that the GDP get effected about 56% due to independent variable ratios in Pakistani economy for the years 1970-2017.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2019,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"International Research Journal of Marketing \u0026 Economics"},"translated_abstract":"In this study, the relationship between external debt, interest payment, exports earnings and economic growth had been analysed for the Pakistan over the 1970-2017 with the help of cointegration analysis. Relationship between ratios of variables combined in our study was restrained through econometrics techniques consist of unit root, Johansen co-integration and error correction model (ECM) to acquire the unbiased consequences. It had been determined that in short-run period, external debt (ED) to GDP having significant and negative relationship, external debt (ED) to export earnings (EE) ratio shows insignificant and negative relation with GDP. While, interest payments on external debt (IP) to GDP ratio presenting insignificant but positive relationship with GDP. For long-run period, the outcomes shows that, ED to GDP, ED to EE and IP to GDP ratios reveals negative and insignificant relationship with GDP of Pakistan economy for the described period. We conclude that the GDP get effected about 56% due to independent variable ratios in Pakistani economy for the years 1970-2017.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/38717546/Effects_of_External_Debt_Interest_Payments_and_Export_Earnings_for_Economic_Growth_of_Pakistan","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2019-04-04T23:38:39.546-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":693873,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[{"id":32397761,"work_id":38717546,"tagging_user_id":693873,"tagged_user_id":null,"co_author_invite_id":6824568,"email":"j***i@unikl.educate.my","display_order":1,"name":"PROF. DR. JAUHARI DAHALAN","title":"Effects of External Debt, Interest Payments and Export Earnings for Economic Growth of Pakistan"},{"id":32778082,"work_id":38717546,"tagging_user_id":693873,"tagged_user_id":11994965,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"e***f@gmail.com","display_order":4194304,"name":"AARF Publications Journals","title":"Effects of External Debt, Interest Payments and Export Earnings for Economic Growth of Pakistan"}],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":58801900,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/58801900/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"IRJME2March19-9185-1.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58801900/download_file?st=MTczMzAxODIwNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Effects_of_External_Debt_Interest_Paymen.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/58801900/IRJME2March19-9185-1-libre.pdf?1554450411=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DEffects_of_External_Debt_Interest_Paymen.pdf\u0026Expires=1733009650\u0026Signature=hF1jVWzXtT7INAFQuQQMtI~TfEq7-K~beTCWCu3JoVts~nz~UHsebfUVlm~g1a8ksQS76wu-f~S8lE5yI0nxUi2HalX6M6tJ85sMB4HiO88VgraRDDbHKNha9BRpKgPVYHGzxuiOineiojhAsl88ssFMzmWZF9JEzWnduNVn7Zs6dvv3i~fRrFav0cGgt6fxAzOehzcEsOHcAz~HzqIyiWSDvUodOORij2mzHWulJ0e8J-F4VMgqxF8rC9jxjti14-JIGZCM~hp-7zy-~MfFP5HgmEID7Tq8HfZukTO2JC-UxAmPZQBfb6FmJ8pQNuNAWeV3iEDjR9-TlJMmoeZHJQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Effects_of_External_Debt_Interest_Payments_and_Export_Earnings_for_Economic_Growth_of_Pakistan","translated_slug":"","page_count":16,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":693873,"first_name":"MUHAMMAD","middle_initials":"A","last_name":"MAZHER","page_name":"MUHAMMADMAZHER","domain_name":"iqbaltahir","created_at":"2011-08-28T09:47:42.987-07:00","display_name":"MUHAMMAD A MAZHER","url":"https://iqbaltahir.academia.edu/MUHAMMADMAZHER"},"attachments":[{"id":58801900,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/58801900/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"IRJME2March19-9185-1.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58801900/download_file?st=MTczMzAxODIwNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Effects_of_External_Debt_Interest_Paymen.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/58801900/IRJME2March19-9185-1-libre.pdf?1554450411=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DEffects_of_External_Debt_Interest_Paymen.pdf\u0026Expires=1733009650\u0026Signature=hF1jVWzXtT7INAFQuQQMtI~TfEq7-K~beTCWCu3JoVts~nz~UHsebfUVlm~g1a8ksQS76wu-f~S8lE5yI0nxUi2HalX6M6tJ85sMB4HiO88VgraRDDbHKNha9BRpKgPVYHGzxuiOineiojhAsl88ssFMzmWZF9JEzWnduNVn7Zs6dvv3i~fRrFav0cGgt6fxAzOehzcEsOHcAz~HzqIyiWSDvUodOORij2mzHWulJ0e8J-F4VMgqxF8rC9jxjti14-JIGZCM~hp-7zy-~MfFP5HgmEID7Tq8HfZukTO2JC-UxAmPZQBfb6FmJ8pQNuNAWeV3iEDjR9-TlJMmoeZHJQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":727,"name":"Development Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Development_Economics"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); 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