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href="#In_the_Greek_Old_Testament_Book_of_Job"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>In the Greek Old Testament Book of Job</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_the_Greek_Old_Testament_Book_of_Job-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_other_religious_texts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_other_religious_texts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>In other religious texts</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-In_other_religious_texts-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle In other religious texts subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-In_other_religious_texts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Judaism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Judaism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Judaism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Judaism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Christianity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Christianity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Christianity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Christianity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mormonism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mormonism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Mormonism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mormonism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Islam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Islam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Islam</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Islam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Baháʼí" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Baháʼí"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Baháʼí</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Baháʼí-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Job_in_Judaism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Job_in_Judaism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Job in Judaism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Job_in_Judaism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Christian_views" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Christian_views"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Christian views</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Christian_views-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Christian views subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Christian_views-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Feast_Days" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Feast_Days"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Feast Days</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Feast_Days-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Islamic_views_and_Quranic_account" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Islamic_views_and_Quranic_account"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Islamic views and Quranic account</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Islamic_views_and_Quranic_account-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Local_traditions_regarding_Job" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Local_traditions_regarding_Job"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Local traditions regarding Job</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Local_traditions_regarding_Job-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Local traditions regarding Job subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Local_traditions_regarding_Job-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Modern_Palestine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_Palestine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Modern Palestine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_Palestine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hauran,_Syria" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hauran,_Syria"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Hauran, Syria</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hauran,_Syria-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Urfa,_Turkey" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Urfa,_Turkey"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Urfa, Turkey</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Urfa,_Turkey-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Oman" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oman"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span>Oman</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oman-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-El-Chouf_mountains,_Lebanon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#El-Chouf_mountains,_Lebanon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.5</span> <span>El-Chouf mountains, Lebanon</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-El-Chouf_mountains,_Lebanon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Job (biblical figure)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 67 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-67" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">67 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%A8" title="أيوب – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أيوب" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C6%8Fyyub" title="Əyyub – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Əyyub" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AC" title="ইয়োব – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ইয়োব" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Йов – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Йов" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ijob_(Buach)" title="Ijob (Buach) – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Ijob (Buach)" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Job_(Bibl)" title="Job (Bibl) – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Job (Bibl)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Job" title="Job – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Job" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B3b" title="Jób – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Jób" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghjobba" title="Ghjobba – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Ghjobba" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Job_(Bibelen)" title="Job (Bibelen) – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Job (Bibelen)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ijob" title="Ijob – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ijob" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%87%DE%A6%DE%87%DE%B0%DE%94%DE%AB%DE%84%DE%AA%DE%8E%DE%AC%DE%8A%DE%A7%DE%82%DE%AA" title="އައްޔޫބުގެފާނު – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="އައްޔޫބުގެފާނު" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iiob" title="Iiob – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Iiob" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%99%CF%8E%CE%B2" title="Ιώβ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ιώβ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Job_(personaje_b%C3%ADblico)" title="Job (personaje bíblico) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Job (personaje bíblico)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ijob" title="Ijob – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ijob" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Job_(Biblia)" title="Job (Biblia) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Job (Biblia)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%A8" title="ایوب – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ایوب" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Job_(Bible)" title="Job (Bible) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Job (Bible)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayuba" title="Ayuba – Fula" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Ayuba" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="Fula" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fulfulde</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9A%A5" title="욥 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="욥" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%B8%D5%A2_%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A5%D5%AC%D5%AB" title="Հոբ երանելի – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հոբ երանելի" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC" title="इयोब्ब – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="इयोब्ब" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayub_(tokoh_Alkitab)" title="Ayub (tokoh Alkitab) – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ayub (tokoh Alkitab)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Job" title="Job – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Job" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giobbe" title="Giobbe – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Giobbe" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%99%D7%95%D7%91" title="איוב – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="איוב" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%95%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="იობ მრავალვნებული – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="იობ მრავალვნებული" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayubu" title="Ayubu – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Ayubu" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ey%C3%BBb" title="Eyûb – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Eyûb" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%8E%D0%B1_%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%81" title="Аюб идавс – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Аюб идавс" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%AAjabs" title="Ījabs – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ījabs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jobas" title="Jobas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Jobas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B3b_(Biblia)" title="Jób (Biblia) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Jób (Biblia)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B4ba" title="Jôba – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Jôba" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8D" title="ഇയ്യോബ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഇയ്യോബ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%A0ob" title="Ġob – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Ġob" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%A8" title="ايوب – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ايوب" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Job_(persoon)" title="Job (persoon) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Job (persoon)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A8%E3%83%96" title="ヨブ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヨブ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B9%D1%8E%D0%B1" title="Айюб – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Айюб" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Job" title="Job – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Job" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%A8" title="ايوب – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ايوب" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiob_(posta%C4%87_biblijna)" title="Hiob (postać biblijna) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Hiob (postać biblijna)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B3" title="Jó – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Jó" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iov" title="Iov – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Iov" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Иов – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Иов" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jobi" title="Jobi – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Jobi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B3b_(biblick%C3%A1_postava)" title="Jób (biblická postava) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Jób (biblická postava)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nabi_Ayuub_C.S." title="Nabi Ayuub C.S. – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Nabi Ayuub C.S." data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%95%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%88%D8%A8" title="ئەیووب – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئەیووب" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%88%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Јов – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Јов" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Job" title="Job – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Job" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Job" title="Job – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Job" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Job_(Bibliya)" title="Job (Bibliya) – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Job (Bibliya)" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81" title="யோபு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="யோபு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%9A" title="โยบ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="โยบ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ey%C3%BCp_(peygamber)" title="Eyüp (peygamber) – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Eyüp (peygamber)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Йов Багатостраждальний – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Йов Багатостраждальний" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%A8_(%D9%85%D8%B0%DB%81%D8%A8%DB%8C_%D8%B4%D8%AE%D8%B5%DB%8C%D8%AA)" title="ایوب (مذہبی شخصیت) – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ایوب (مذہبی شخصیت)" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%95%D9%8A%D9%8A%DB%87%D8%A8_%D8%A6%DB%95%D9%84%DB%95%D9%8A%DA%BE%D9%89%D8%B3%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85" title="ئەييۇب ئەلەيھىسسالام – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ئەييۇب ئەلەيھىسسالام" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Job_(Bibliya)" title="Job (Bibliya) – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Job (Bibliya)" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ay%C3%B3oba" title="Ayóoba – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Ayóoba" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E4%BC%AF" title="约伯 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="约伯" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%99%D7%95%D7%91" title="איוב – Yiddish" 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Biblical figure</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the biblical figure. For the other Job figures, see <a href="/wiki/Job_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Job (disambiguation)">Job (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above n" style="font-size:125%;background-color:gold;"><div style="display:inline;" class="fn">Job</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:L%C3%A9on_Bonnat_-_Job.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/L%C3%A9on_Bonnat_-_Job.jpg/220px-L%C3%A9on_Bonnat_-_Job.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="280" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/L%C3%A9on_Bonnat_-_Job.jpg/330px-L%C3%A9on_Bonnat_-_Job.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/L%C3%A9on_Bonnat_-_Job.jpg/440px-L%C3%A9on_Bonnat_-_Job.jpg 2x" data-file-width="736" data-file-height="938" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><i>Job</i> by <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Bonnat" title="Léon Bonnat">Léon Bonnat</a> (1880)</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:gold;">Prophet, Righteous</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Venerated in</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Druze" title="Druze">Druze</a><sup id="cite_ref-S._Swayd_2009_109_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-S._Swayd_2009_109-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">Major <a href="/wiki/Shrine" title="Shrine">shrine</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Job" title="Tomb of Job">Tomb of Job</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Calendar_of_saints" title="Calendar of saints">Feast</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>April 27 (<a href="/wiki/Coptic_Orthodox_Church" title="Coptic Orthodox Church">Coptic Orthodox Church</a>)</li> <li>May 6 (<a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodox Church</a> & <a href="/wiki/Armenian_Apostolic_Church" title="Armenian Apostolic Church">Armenian Apostolic Church</a>)</li> <li>May 9 (<a href="/wiki/Lutheran_Church%E2%80%93Missouri_Synod" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod">Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod</a>)</li> <li>May 10 (<a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a>)</li> <li>August 29 (<a href="/wiki/Coptic_Orthodox_Church" title="Coptic Orthodox Church">Coptic Orthodox Church</a>)</li> <li>December 26 (<a href="/wiki/Armenian_Apostolic_Church" title="Armenian Apostolic Church">Armenian Apostolic Church</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Saint_symbolism" title="Saint symbolism">Attributes</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Often depicted as a man tested by God</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Patron_saint" title="Patron saint">Patronage</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Despair" class="mw-redirect" title="Despair">Despair</a></li><li>sufferers of <a href="/wiki/Depression_(mood)" title="Depression (mood)">depression</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Lepers" class="mw-redirect" title="Lepers">lepers</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">Major works</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Job" title="Book of Job">Book of Job</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Job</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/dʒ/: 'j' in 'jam'">dʒ</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">JOHB</span></i></a>; <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: <span lang="he" dir="rtl">אִיּוֹב</span> <i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>Īyyōv</i>; <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>: <span lang="el">Ἰώβ</span> <i>Iṓb</i>) is the central figure of the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Job" title="Book of Job">Book of Job</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>, Job (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">أيوب</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Arabic" title="Romanization of Arabic">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Job_in_Islam" title="Job in Islam"><i>ʾAyyūb</i></a></i></span>) is also considered a <a href="/wiki/Prophet" title="Prophet">prophet</a>. </p><p>Job is presented as a good and prosperous family man who is suddenly beset with horrendous disasters that take away all he holds dear—a scenario intended to test Job's faith in <a href="/wiki/God_in_Judaism" title="God in Judaism">God</a>. Struggling mightily to understand this situation, Job reflects on his <a href="/wiki/Despair" class="mw-redirect" title="Despair">despair</a> but consistently remains devout. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_the_Hebrew_Book_of_Job">In the Hebrew Book of Job</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Job_(biblical_figure)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: In the Hebrew Book of Job"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Job" title="Book of Job">Book of Job</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Job_and_his_friends.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Job_and_his_friends.jpg/220px-Job_and_his_friends.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Job_and_his_friends.jpg/330px-Job_and_his_friends.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Job_and_his_friends.jpg/440px-Job_and_his_friends.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1685" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption><i>Job and His Friends</i> by <a href="/wiki/Ilya_Repin" title="Ilya Repin">Ilya Repin</a> (1869)</figcaption></figure> <p>The Hebrew Book of Job is part of <a href="/wiki/Ketuvim" title="Ketuvim">Ketuvim</a> ("Writings") of the <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Bible" title="Hebrew Bible">Hebrew Bible</a>. Not much is known about Job based on the <a href="/wiki/Masoretic_Text" title="Masoretic Text">Masoretic Text</a>. </p><p>The characters in the Book of Job consist of Job, <a href="/wiki/Job%27s_wife" title="Job's wife">his wife</a>, his three friends (<a href="/wiki/Bildad" title="Bildad">Bildad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eliphaz_(Job)" title="Eliphaz (Job)">Eliphaz</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Zophar" title="Zophar">Zophar</a>), a man named <a href="/wiki/Elihu_(Job)" class="mw-redirect" title="Elihu (Job)">Elihu</a>, <a href="/wiki/God" title="God">God</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Angel" title="Angel">angels</a>. </p><p>It begins with an introduction to Job's character—he is described as a blessed man who lives righteously in the <a href="/wiki/Land_of_Uz" title="Land of Uz">Land of Uz</a>. The Lord's praise of Job prompts an angel with the title of "<a href="/wiki/Satan" title="Satan">satan</a>" ("Adversary") to suggest that Job served God simply because God protected him. God removes Job's protection and gives permission to the angel to take his wealth, his children, and his physical health (but not his life). Despite his difficult circumstances, he does not curse God, but rather curses the day of his birth. And although he anguishes over his plight, he stops short of accusing God of injustice. Job's miserable earthly condition is simply God's will. </p><p>In the following, Job debates with three friends concerning his condition. They argue whether it was justified, and they debate solutions to his problems. Job ultimately condemns all their counsel, beliefs, and critiques of him as false. God then appears to Job and his friends out of a whirlwind. God rebukes the three friends and gives them instruction for the remission of sin, followed by Job being restored to an even better condition than his former wealthy state (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblica.com/bible/?osis=niv:Job%2042:10–17">Job 42:10–17</a>). Job is blessed to have seven sons, and three daughters named <a href="/wiki/Jemima_(Bible)" title="Jemima (Bible)">Jemimah</a> (which means "dove"), <a href="/wiki/Keziah" title="Keziah">Keziah</a> ("cinnamon"), and <a href="/wiki/Keren-happuch" title="Keren-happuch">Keren-happuch</a> ("horn of eye-makeup"). His daughters were said to be the most beautiful women in the land.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_the_Greek_Old_Testament_Book_of_Job">In the Greek Old Testament Book of Job</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Job_(biblical_figure)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: In the Greek Old Testament Book of Job"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Jobab_ben_Zerah" title="Jobab ben Zerah">Jobab ben Zerah</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Job-restored-to-prosperity.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Job-restored-to-prosperity.jpg/220px-Job-restored-to-prosperity.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="237" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Job-restored-to-prosperity.jpg/330px-Job-restored-to-prosperity.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Job-restored-to-prosperity.jpg/440px-Job-restored-to-prosperity.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="860" /></a><figcaption><i>Job Restored to Prosperity</i> by <a href="/wiki/Laurent_de_La_Hyre" title="Laurent de La Hyre">Laurent de La Hyre</a> (1648)</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Septuagint" title="Septuagint">Septuagint</a>, an ancient Greek <a href="/wiki/Bible_translations" title="Bible translations">translation</a> of the Hebrew Old Testament, has a revised and updated final verse that claims Job's genealogy, asserting him to be a grandson of <a href="/wiki/Esau" title="Esau">Esau</a> and a ruler of <a href="/wiki/Edom" title="Edom">Edom</a>. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>This man is described by the Syriac book as dwelling in the land of Uz, on the borders of Edom and Arabia. And his name before was Jobab. And having taken an Arabian wife, he fathered a son, whose name was Enan. And he himself had as father Zareh, from the sons of Esau. And his mother was Bosorra, so that it made him the fifth from Abraham. And these were the kings who were ruling in Edom, which territory also he himself ruled over: first, Bela, the son of Beor, and the name of his city was Dinhabah. And after Bela, Jobab, who was called Job. And after this, Husham, who was serving as leader from the territories of Thaiman. And after this. Hadad, son of Bered, who destroyed Midian in the field of Moab, and the name of his city was Avith. And his friends who came to him were Eliphaz, of the sons of Esau, king of the <a href="/wiki/Teman_(Edom)" title="Teman (Edom)">Temanites</a>; Bildad, the tyrant of the <a href="/wiki/Shuah" title="Shuah">Shuhites</a>; and Zophar, the king of the <a href="/wiki/Minaeans" title="Minaeans">Naamathites</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_other_religious_texts">In other religious texts</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Job_(biblical_figure)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: In other religious texts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Judaism">Judaism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Job_(biblical_figure)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Judaism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>He is mentioned in the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Ezekiel" title="Book of Ezekiel">Book of Ezekiel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>He is cited as someone "who held fast to all the ways of justice" in the <a href="/wiki/Deuterocanonical_books" title="Deuterocanonical books">deuterocanonical</a> <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Sirach" title="Book of Sirach">Book of Sirach</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Christianity">Christianity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Job_(biblical_figure)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Christianity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>He is praised for his perseverance in the Christian <a href="/wiki/Epistle_of_James" title="Epistle of James">Epistle of James</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>He is the protagonist of a <a href="/wiki/Pseudepigraphy" class="mw-redirect" title="Pseudepigraphy">pseudepigraphal</a> book called the <a href="/wiki/Testament_of_Job" title="Testament of Job">Testament of Job</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mormonism">Mormonism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Job_(biblical_figure)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Mormonism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>He is also mentioned in the <a href="/wiki/Doctrine_and_Covenants" title="Doctrine and Covenants">Doctrine and Covenants</a>, one of the four <a href="/wiki/Standard_Works" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard Works">sacred texts</a> of <a href="/wiki/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints" title="The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints">the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints</a> (LDS Church).<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Islam">Islam</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Job_(biblical_figure)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Islam"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>He is discussed as a prophet in the <a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quran</a> by the name of <a href="/wiki/Job_in_Islam" title="Job in Islam">Ayūb</a>.</li></ul> <p>The Quran describes Job as a righteous servant of Allah, who was afflicted by suffering for a lengthy period of time. However, it clearly states that Job never lost faith in God and forever called to God in prayer, asking Him to remove his affliction: </p><p>And [mention] Job, when he called to his Lord, "Indeed, adversity has touched me, and you are the Most Merciful of the merciful." </p><p>— Quran, sura 21 (The Prophets), ayah 83 <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A2002.02.0006%3Asura%3D21%3Averse%3D83">[1]</a> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Baháʼí"><span id="Bah.C3.A1.CA.BC.C3.AD"></span>Baháʼí</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Job_(biblical_figure)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Baháʼí"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>In the writings of the <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith" title="Baháʼí Faith">Baháʼí Faith</a>: A lengthy tablet was written by <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%27u%27ll%C3%A1h" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahá'u'lláh">Bahá'u'lláh</a>, the first part of which is focused on Job. The Tablet is often referred to as the Tablet of Patience or the Tablet of Job.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Job_in_Judaism">Job in Judaism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Job_(biblical_figure)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Job in Judaism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Job_in_rabbinic_literature" title="Job in rabbinic literature">Job in rabbinic literature</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Job_Scroll_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Job_Scroll_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Job_Scroll_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Job_Scroll_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Job_Scroll_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Job_Scroll_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Job_Scroll_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="631" data-file-height="511" /></a><figcaption>Scroll of Book of Job, in Hebrew</figcaption></figure> <p>A clear majority of <a href="/wiki/Rabbis" class="mw-redirect" title="Rabbis">rabbis</a> saw Job as having in fact existed as a historically factual figure. </p><p>According to a minority view, Job never existed.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In this view, Job was a literary creation by a <a href="/wiki/Prophet" title="Prophet">prophet</a> who used this form of writing to convey a divine message. On the other hand, the Talmud (in Tractate Baba Batra 15a–16b) goes to great lengths trying to ascertain when Job actually lived, citing many opinions and interpretations by the leading sages. </p><p>Job is further mentioned in the Talmud as follows:<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Job's resignation to his fate.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>When Job was prosperous, anyone who associated with him even to buy from him or sell to him, was blessed.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Job's reward for being generous.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David" title="David">David</a>, Job and <a href="/wiki/Ezekiel" title="Ezekiel">Ezekiel</a> described the Torah's length without putting a number to it.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Job was in fact one of three advisors that <a href="/wiki/Pharaohs_in_the_Bible#Pharaoh_of_the_Exodus" title="Pharaohs in the Bible">Pharaoh</a> consulted, prior to taking action against the increasingly multiplying <a href="/wiki/Israelites" title="Israelites">Israelites</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Exodus" title="Book of Exodus">Book of Exodus</a>. As described in the <a href="/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud">Talmud</a>:<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Balaam" title="Balaam">Balaam</a> urged Pharaoh to kill the Hebrew new-born boys; <a href="/wiki/Jethro_(Bible)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jethro (Bible)">Jethro</a> opposed this decree; and Job, though personally opposed to the decree, kept silent and did not protest it. It is for Job's silence that God subsequently punishes him with his bitter afflictions.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the Book of Job itself contains no indication of this, and to the prophet <a href="/wiki/Ezekiel" title="Ezekiel">Ezekiel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yahweh" title="Yahweh">Yahweh</a> refers to Job as a righteous man of the same calibre as <a href="/wiki/Noah" title="Noah">Noah</a> and <a href="/wiki/Daniel_(biblical_figure)" title="Daniel (biblical figure)">Daniel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Christian_views">Christian views</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Job_(biblical_figure)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Christian views"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Christianity accepts the Book of Job as canon in its <a href="/wiki/Old_Testament" title="Old Testament">Old Testament</a>. In addition, Job is mentioned in the <a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a> of the Christian Bible: the <a href="/wiki/Epistle_of_James" title="Epistle of James">Epistle of James</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblica.com/bible/?osis=niv:James%205:11">James 5:11</a>) paraphrases Job as an example of patience in suffering. </p><p>Job's declaration, "I know <i>that</i> my redeemer liveth" (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblica.com/bible/?osis=niv:Job%2019:25">Job 19:25</a>), is considered by some <a href="/wiki/Christians" title="Christians">Christians</a> to be a proto-Christian reference to <a href="/wiki/Redeemer_(Christianity)" title="Redeemer (Christianity)">Christ as the Redeemer</a>, and is the basis of several Christian <a href="/wiki/Hymn" title="Hymn">hymns</a>, as well as the opening scene of <a href="/wiki/Messiah_Part_III#Scene_1" title="Messiah Part III">Part III of Handel's <i>Messiah</i></a>. However, Jewish bible commentators and scholars point out that Job "insists on a divine hearing in his lifetime" (cf. Job 16:19–22).<sup id="cite_ref-TJSB-p.1523_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TJSB-p.1523-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Feast_Days">Feast Days</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Job_(biblical_figure)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Feast Days"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>He is commemorated by the <a href="/wiki/Lutheran_Church%E2%80%93Missouri_Synod" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod">Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod</a> in their <a href="/wiki/Calendar_of_Saints_(Lutheran)" class="mw-redirect" title="Calendar of Saints (Lutheran)">Calendar of Saints</a> on May 9, by the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Roman Catholic Church</a> on May 10, and by the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodox</a> and Byzantine Catholic churches on May 6. </p><p>He is also commemorated by the <a href="/wiki/Armenian_Apostolic_Church" title="Armenian Apostolic Church">Armenian Apostolic Church</a> on May 6 and December 26, and by the <a href="/wiki/Coptic_Orthodox_Church_of_Alexandria" class="mw-redirect" title="Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria">Coptic Orthodox Church</a> on April 27 and August 29. The <a href="/wiki/Armenian_Apostolic_Church" title="Armenian Apostolic Church">Armenian Apostolic Church</a> commemorates Job along with <a href="/wiki/John_the_Baptist" title="John the Baptist">John the Baptist</a> on the Thursday after the third Sunday of the Feast of the <a href="/wiki/Assumption_of_Mary" title="Assumption of Mary">Assumption</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Islamic_views_and_Quranic_account">Islamic views and Quranic account</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Job_(biblical_figure)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Islamic views and Quranic account"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Job_in_Islam" title="Job in Islam">Job in Islam</a></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Qur%27an" class="mw-redirect" title="Qur'an">Qur'an</a>, Job (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">أيّوب</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Arabic" title="Romanization of Arabic">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">Ayyūb</i></span>) is considered a <a href="/wiki/Prophets_of_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Prophets of Islam">prophet</a> in <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The narrative frame of Job's story in Islam is similar to the <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Bible" title="Hebrew Bible">Hebrew Bible</a> story but, in Islam, the emphasis is paid to Job remaining steadfast to God and there is no record of his despair, or mention of discussions with friends.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Some <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslim</a> <a href="/wiki/Commentary_(philology)" title="Commentary (philology)">commentators</a> also spoke of Job as being the ancestor of the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Romans</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated171_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated171-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Muslim <a href="/wiki/Literature" title="Literature">literature</a> also comments on Job's time and place of prophecy, saying that he came after <a href="/wiki/Joseph_in_Islam" title="Joseph in Islam">Joseph</a> in the prophetic series and that he preached to his own people rather than being sent to a specified community. Tradition further recounts that Job will be the leader of the group of "those who patiently endured" in <a href="/wiki/Jannah" title="Jannah">Heaven</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Local_traditions_regarding_Job">Local traditions regarding Job</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Job_(biblical_figure)&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Local traditions regarding Job"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Prophet_Job_Shrine.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Prophet_Job_Shrine.jpg/220px-Prophet_Job_Shrine.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Prophet_Job_Shrine.jpg/330px-Prophet_Job_Shrine.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Prophet_Job_Shrine.jpg/440px-Prophet_Job_Shrine.jpg 2x" data-file-width="604" data-file-height="402" /></a><figcaption>An outer view of the <a href="/wiki/Druze" title="Druze">Druze</a> shrine of Prophet Job in <a href="/wiki/Niha,_Chouf" title="Niha, Chouf">Niha village</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Job%27s_Tomb2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Job%27s_Tomb2.jpg/220px-Job%27s_Tomb2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Job%27s_Tomb2.jpg/330px-Job%27s_Tomb2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Job%27s_Tomb2.jpg/440px-Job%27s_Tomb2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption>The tomb of Job, outside <a href="/wiki/Salalah" title="Salalah">Salalah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a></figcaption></figure> <p>There are at least two locations that claim to be the place of Job's ordeal, and at least three that claim to have his tomb. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Ey%C3%BCp_Sultan_Mosque" title="Eyüp Sultan Mosque">Eyüp Sultan Mosque</a> in <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a>, Turkey, holds the tomb of <a href="/wiki/Abu_Ayyub_al-Ansari" title="Abu Ayyub al-Ansari">Abu Ayyub al-Ansari</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Sahabi" class="mw-redirect" title="Sahabi">companion</a> of <a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a>, not the biblical/Qur'anic Job (Ayyub in Arabic, Eyüp in Turkish), though some locals tend to conflate the two.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern_Palestine">Modern Palestine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Job_(biblical_figure)&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Modern Palestine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Palestine" title="Culture of Palestine">Palestinian</a> folk tradition,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Job's place of trial is <a href="/wiki/Al-Jura" title="Al-Jura">Al-Jura</a>, or Al-Joura, a village outside the town of <a href="/wiki/Al-Majdal,_Askalan" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Majdal, Askalan">Al-Majdal</a> (today's <a href="/wiki/Ashkelon" title="Ashkelon">Ashkelon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>). It was there God rewarded him with a <a href="/wiki/Fountain_of_youth" class="mw-redirect" title="Fountain of youth">fountain of youth</a> that removed whatever illnesses he had, and gave him back his youth. </p><p>To the northwest of the depopulated Palestinian village of <a href="/wiki/Dayr_Ayyub" title="Dayr Ayyub">Dayr Ayyub</a> is an area which, according to the village belief, contained the tomb of the prophet Ayyub, the biblical Job.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the area of <a href="/wiki/Tabgha" title="Tabgha">Tabgha</a> (Greek: Heptapegon), on the shore of the <a href="/wiki/Sea_of_Galilee" title="Sea of Galilee">Sea of Galilee</a>, a few sites are associated by local tradition with the life of Ayyub. A small grotto near the base of what is known to Christians as the <a href="/wiki/Mount_of_Beatitudes" title="Mount of Beatitudes">Mount of Beatitudes</a>, or Mount Eremos, is known as Mghraret Ayub ("Job's Cave").<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Two of the towers built in the Byzantine period to collect the water of the Heptapegon springs are named in Arabic Tannur Ayub ("Job's Kiln") and Hammam Ayyub ("Job's Bath").<sup id="cite_ref-DeLuca_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DeLuca-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Finegan_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Finegan-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hammam Ayyub was initially called "the Leper's Bath", but the leper was later identified with Job; the nearby spring, now a waterfall, is known as Ain Ayub, "Job's Spring".<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hauran,_Syria"><span id="Hauran.2C_Syria"></span>Hauran, Syria</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Job_(biblical_figure)&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Hauran, Syria"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The town of <a href="/wiki/Al-Shaykh_Saad" title="Al-Shaykh Saad">al-Shaykh Saad</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Hauran" title="Hauran">Hauran</a> region in <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a> has been associated with Job since at least the 4th-century AD. Karnein was mentioned in Eusebius' <a href="/wiki/Eusebius#Onomasticon" title="Eusebius">Onomasticon</a> as a town of Bashan that was said to be the location of the house of Job. <a href="/wiki/Egeria_(pilgrim)" title="Egeria (pilgrim)">Egeria the pilgrim</a> relates that a church was built over the place in March or February 384 AD, and that the place was known as the "town of Job", or "<i>civitas Job</i>". According to Egeria's account the body of Job was laid in a stone coffin below the altar.<sup id="cite_ref-Pringle_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pringle-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to tradition, <i>Hammam Ayyub</i> is a fountain in the town where Job washed himself when he was sick, and is reputed to have healing powers.<sup id="cite_ref-Strange194_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Strange194-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another holy artifact in the town is the "Rock of Job", known in local folklore as the place where he sat when he was afflicted with the disease.<sup id="cite_ref-Strange191_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Strange191-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Urfa,_Turkey"><span id="Urfa.2C_Turkey"></span>Urfa, Turkey</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Job_(biblical_figure)&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Urfa, Turkey"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The city of <a href="/wiki/Urfa" title="Urfa">Urfa</a> (ancient Adma', later <a href="/wiki/Edessa" title="Edessa">Edessa</a>) in the <a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eanl%C4%B1urfa_Province" title="Şanlıurfa Province">Şanlıurfa Province</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Harran" title="Harran">Harran</a> region of southeastern <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>, also claims to be the location at which Job underwent his ordeal in a cave. The location boasts an <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman</a>-style mosque and madrasa that runs as shops today. A well exists within the complex, said to be the one formed when he struck the ground with his foot as described in the Quran. The water is considered to be miraculously curing. The whole complex underwent recent restoration.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The tomb of Job is located outside the city of Urfa.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Oman">Oman</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Job_(biblical_figure)&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Oman"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Job" title="Tomb of Job">Tomb of Job</a> is also said to be situated in <a href="/wiki/Dhofar_Mountains" title="Dhofar Mountains">Jabal Qarah</a> outside the city of <a href="/wiki/Salalah" title="Salalah">Salalah</a> in southern <a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="El-Chouf_mountains,_Lebanon"><span id="El-Chouf_mountains.2C_Lebanon"></span>El-Chouf mountains, Lebanon</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Job_(biblical_figure)&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: El-Chouf mountains, Lebanon"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Additionally, the <a href="/wiki/Druze" title="Druze">Druze</a> community also maintains a shrine for the Prophet Job in <a href="/wiki/Niha,_Chouf" title="Niha, Chouf">Niha village</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Chouf_District" title="Chouf District">Chouf mountains</a> of <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This shrine is said to be the place where Job was healed from his ailments after his wife carried his frail body up the steep mountain in a basket so he dies up there. Instead, he was healed and given an even larger wealth. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Job_(biblical_figure)&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1248256098">@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{width:100%!important}}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{display:table}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-default{background:transparent;margin-top:4px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-center{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-none{float:none}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-collapsible{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div{display:table-cell;padding:0 4px 4px;text-align:center;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main>div{display:table-cell}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallery{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div{display:table-cell;padding:4px;text-align:right;font-size:85%;line-height:1em}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div *,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div *{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallerybox img{background:none!important}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .bordered-images .thumb img{border:solid var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0)1px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb{background:var(--background-color-base,#fff)!important}</style><div class="mod-gallery mod-gallery-default"><div class="main"><div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional nochecker bordered-images whitebg"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Georges_de_La_Tour_044.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Job speaking to his wife, as depicted by Georges de La Tour"><img alt="Job speaking to his wife, as depicted by Georges de La Tour" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Georges_de_La_Tour_044.jpg/122px-Georges_de_La_Tour_044.jpg" decoding="async" width="122" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Georges_de_La_Tour_044.jpg/183px-Georges_de_La_Tour_044.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Georges_de_La_Tour_044.jpg/243px-Georges_de_La_Tour_044.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1576" data-file-height="2329" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Job speaking to his wife, as depicted by <a href="/wiki/Georges_de_La_Tour" title="Georges de La Tour">Georges de La Tour</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seghersjob.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Job with his friends by Gerard Seghers"><img alt="Job with his friends by Gerard Seghers" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Seghersjob.jpg/200px-Seghersjob.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Seghersjob.jpg/300px-Seghersjob.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Seghersjob.jpg/400px-Seghersjob.jpg 2x" data-file-width="850" data-file-height="671" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Job with his friends</i> by <a href="/wiki/Gerard_Seghers" title="Gerard Seghers">Gerard Seghers</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blake_Book_of_Job_Linell_set_6.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The examination of Job, Satan pours on the plagues of Job, by William Blake"><img alt="The examination of Job, Satan pours on the plagues of Job, by William Blake" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Blake_Book_of_Job_Linell_set_6.jpg/200px-Blake_Book_of_Job_Linell_set_6.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Blake_Book_of_Job_Linell_set_6.jpg/300px-Blake_Book_of_Job_Linell_set_6.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Blake_Book_of_Job_Linell_set_6.jpg/400px-Blake_Book_of_Job_Linell_set_6.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3333" data-file-height="2787" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>The examination of Job</i>, Satan pours on the plagues of Job, by <a href="/wiki/William_Blake" title="William Blake">William Blake</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Icon_of_Job_(North_Russia,_17_c.).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Venerable Job, 17. century Northern Russia"><img alt="Venerable Job, 17. century Northern Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Icon_of_Job_%28North_Russia%2C_17_c.%29.jpg/142px-Icon_of_Job_%28North_Russia%2C_17_c.%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="142" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Icon_of_Job_%28North_Russia%2C_17_c.%29.jpg/214px-Icon_of_Job_%28North_Russia%2C_17_c.%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Icon_of_Job_%28North_Russia%2C_17_c.%29.jpg/285px-Icon_of_Job_%28North_Russia%2C_17_c.%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="883" data-file-height="1115" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Venerable Job, 17. century Northern Russia</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Job_the_prophet.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Job in the curing water, from a Persian illuminated manuscript version of Stories of the Prophets"><img alt="Job in the curing water, from a Persian illuminated manuscript version of Stories of the Prophets" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Job_the_prophet.jpg/103px-Job_the_prophet.jpg" decoding="async" width="103" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Job_the_prophet.jpg/155px-Job_the_prophet.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Job_the_prophet.jpg/207px-Job_the_prophet.jpg 2x" data-file-width="358" data-file-height="622" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Job in the curing water, from a <a href="/wiki/Persian_miniature" title="Persian miniature">Persian illuminated</a> manuscript version of <i><a href="/wiki/Stories_of_the_Prophets" class="mw-redirect" title="Stories of the Prophets">Stories of the Prophets</a></i></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Bible_panorama,_or_The_Holy_Scriptures_in_picture_and_story_(1891)_(14761939436).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title=""Job and His Friends", one of Gustave Doré's illustrations for La Grande Bible de Tours"><img alt=""Job and His Friends", one of Gustave Doré's illustrations for La Grande Bible de Tours" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/The_Bible_panorama%2C_or_The_Holy_Scriptures_in_picture_and_story_%281891%29_%2814761939436%29.jpg/145px-The_Bible_panorama%2C_or_The_Holy_Scriptures_in_picture_and_story_%281891%29_%2814761939436%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="145" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/The_Bible_panorama%2C_or_The_Holy_Scriptures_in_picture_and_story_%281891%29_%2814761939436%29.jpg/217px-The_Bible_panorama%2C_or_The_Holy_Scriptures_in_picture_and_story_%281891%29_%2814761939436%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/The_Bible_panorama%2C_or_The_Holy_Scriptures_in_picture_and_story_%281891%29_%2814761939436%29.jpg/290px-The_Bible_panorama%2C_or_The_Holy_Scriptures_in_picture_and_story_%281891%29_%2814761939436%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2630" data-file-height="3268" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">"Job and His Friends", one of <a href="/wiki/Gustave_Dor%C3%A9%27s_illustrations_for_La_Grande_Bible_de_Tours" title="Gustave Doré's illustrations for La Grande Bible de Tours">Gustave Doré's illustrations for <i>La Grande Bible de Tours</i></a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Job-sculpture-Ivan-Mestrovic.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title=""Job" (bronze, 1945), by Ivan Meštrović. Installed at Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York."><img alt=""Job" (bronze, 1945), by Ivan Meštrović. Installed at Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Job-sculpture-Ivan-Mestrovic.jpg/117px-Job-sculpture-Ivan-Mestrovic.jpg" decoding="async" width="117" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Job-sculpture-Ivan-Mestrovic.jpg/175px-Job-sculpture-Ivan-Mestrovic.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Job-sculpture-Ivan-Mestrovic.jpg/234px-Job-sculpture-Ivan-Mestrovic.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2988" data-file-height="4601" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">"Job" (bronze, 1945), by <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Me%C5%A1trovi%C4%87" title="Ivan Meštrović">Ivan Meštrović</a>. Installed at <a href="/wiki/Syracuse_University" title="Syracuse University">Syracuse University</a>, Syracuse, New York.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SAAM-XX105_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Job and His Comforters, Luca Giordano c. 1700"><img alt="Job and His Comforters, Luca Giordano c. 1700" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/SAAM-XX105_1.jpg/200px-SAAM-XX105_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/SAAM-XX105_1.jpg/300px-SAAM-XX105_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/SAAM-XX105_1.jpg/400px-SAAM-XX105_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2097" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Job and His Comforters</i>, Luca Giordano c. 1700</div> </li> </ul></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Job_(biblical_figure)&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 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/></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Islam" title="Portal:Islam">Islam portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Behemoth" title="Behemoth">Behemoth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_and_Quranic_narratives" class="mw-redirect" title="Biblical and Quranic narratives">Biblical and Quranic narratives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Job_in_Byzantine_illuminated_manuscripts" title="Book of Job in Byzantine illuminated manuscripts">Book of Job in Byzantine illuminated manuscripts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jobab_ben_Zerah" title="Jobab ben Zerah">Jobab ben Zerah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prophets_of_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Prophets of Islam">Prophets of Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stories_of_The_Prophets" class="mw-redirect" title="Stories of The Prophets">Stories of The Prophets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Testament_of_Job" title="Testament of Job">Testament of Job</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Job_(biblical_figure)&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-S._Swayd_2009_109-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-S._Swayd_2009_109_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFS._Swayd2009" class="citation book cs1">S. Swayd, Samy (2009). <i>The A to Z of the Druzes</i>. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 109. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780810868366" title="Special:BookSources/9780810868366"><bdi>9780810868366</bdi></a>. <q>They also cover the lives and teachings of some biblical personages, such as Job, Jethro, Jesus, John, Luke, and others</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+A+to+Z+of+the+Druzes&rft.pages=109&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=9780810868366&rft.aulast=S.+Swayd&rft.aufirst=Samy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJob+%28biblical+figure%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Coogan, Michael B. (2009). <i>Job's Wife and Daughters</i>. Oxford University Press. p. 388.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Penner, Ken M. (general editor) (2019). <i>The Lexham English Septuagint</i>. Lexham Press. p. 844.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblica.com/bible/?osis=niv:Ezekiel%2014:14–18">Ezekiel 14:14–18</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Ecclesiasticus%2049:9&version=nrsvae">Sirach 49:9</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblica.com/bible/?osis=niv:James%205:11">James 5:11</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Doctrine_and_Covenants/Section_121#10" class="extiw" title="s:The Doctrine and Covenants/Section 121">Doctrine and Covenants 121:10</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bahai-library.com/bahaullah_surih_sabr">"Tablet of Patience, or Tablet of Job"</a>. <i>bahai-library.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-06-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=bahai-library.com&rft.atitle=Tablet+of+Patience%2C+or+Tablet+of+Job&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbahai-library.com%2Fbahaullah_surih_sabr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJob+%28biblical+figure%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Babylonian_Talmud" class="mw-redirect" title="Babylonian Talmud">Babylonian Talmud</a>, Bava Batra 15a</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aishdas.org/webshas/torah/bichtav/tanach/iyyov.htm">"Iyyov – Job WEBSHAS Index to the Talmud"</a>. Aishdas.org<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-04-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Iyyov+%E2%80%93+Job+WEBSHAS+Index+to+the+Talmud&rft.pub=Aishdas.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aishdas.org%2Fwebshas%2Ftorah%2Fbichtav%2Ftanach%2Fiyyov.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJob+%28biblical+figure%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pesachim 2b</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pesachim 112a</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Megillah 28a</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Eruvin 21a</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sotah 11a</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.torah.org/learning/yomtov/pesach/5755/vol1no10.html">"Rabbi Yehudah Prero "The Passover Hagadah Maggid – Relating the Chain of Events Part 2"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. Torah.org. 7 June 2002<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-04-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rabbi+Yehudah+Prero+%22The+Passover+Hagadah+Maggid+%E2%80%93+Relating+the+Chain+of+Events+Part+2%22&rft.pub=Torah.org&rft.date=2002-06-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.torah.org%2Flearning%2Fyomtov%2Fpesach%2F5755%2Fvol1no10.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJob+%28biblical+figure%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ezekiel 14:14</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TJSB-p.1523-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-TJSB-p.1523_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cf. "But I know that my <i>Vindicator</i> lives; In the end He will testify on earth – this, after my skin will have been peeled off." (Job, 19:25 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerlinBrettler2014" class="citation book cs1">Berlin, Adele; Brettler, Marc Zvi (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yErYBAAAQBAJ&q=The+Jewish+Study+Bible&pg=PT17"><i>The Jewish Study Bible</i></a>. [S.l.]: Oxford University Press. p. 1523. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-997846-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-997846-5"><bdi>978-0-19-997846-5</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 January</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Jewish+Study+Bible&rft.place=%5BS.l.%5D&rft.pages=1523&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0-19-997846-5&rft.aulast=Berlin&rft.aufirst=Adele&rft.au=Brettler%2C+Marc+Zvi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyErYBAAAQBAJ%26q%3DThe%2BJewish%2BStudy%2BBible%26pg%3DPT17&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJob+%28biblical+figure%29" class="Z3988"></span> – <i>Vindicator</i>, Hebrew "go'el", a person, usually a relative, who stood up for his kinsman's rights; also used of God in his relationship with Israel.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210904111900/https://armenianprelacy.org/2021/09/02/st-john-the-forerunner-and-job-the-righteous/">"Job the Righteous and John the Forerunner"</a>. 2 September 2021. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://armenianprelacy.org/2021/09/02/st-john-the-forerunner-and-job-the-righteous/">the original</a> on 4 September 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Job+the+Righteous+and+John+the+Forerunner&rft.date=2021-09-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farmenianprelacy.org%2F2021%2F09%2F02%2Fst-john-the-forerunner-and-job-the-righteous%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJob+%28biblical+figure%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_Yusuf_Ali" title="Abdullah Yusuf Ali">Abdullah Yusuf Ali</a>, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Qur%27an:_Text,_Translation_and_Commentary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Qur'an: Text, Translation and Commentary (page does not exist)">The Qur'an: Text, Translation and Commentary</a></i>, note 2739: "Job (Ayub) was a prosperous man, with faith in Allah, living somewhere in the north-east corner of Arabia. He suffers from a number of calamities: his cattle are destroyed, his servants slain by the sword, and his family crushed under his roof. But he holds fast to his faith in Allah. As a further calamity he is covered with loathsome sores from head to foot. He loses his peace of mind, and he curses the day he was born. His false friends come and attribute his afflictions to sin. These "Job's comforters" are no comforters at all, and he further loses his balance of mind, but Allah recalls to him all His mercies, and he resumes his humility and gives up self-justification. He is restored to prosperity, with twice as much as he had before; his brethren and friends come back to him; he had a new family of seven sons and three fair daughters. He lived to a good old age, and saw four generations of descendants. All this is recorded in the Book of Job in the Christian Jewish Old Testament. Of all the Hebrew writings, the Hebrew of this Book comes nearest to Arabic."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated171-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated171_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Brandon M. Wheeler, <i>Historical Dictionary of Prophets in Islam and Judaism</i>, <i>Job</i>, p. 171</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">W. Khalidi, 1992, "All that remains", p. 376</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DeLuca-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DeLuca_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">[Stefano De Luca, <i>Capernaum</i>, paragraph on Tabgha, in The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Bible and Archaeology, vol. 1, p. 179, New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 2013]</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Finegan-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Finegan_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1DsABAAAQBAJ&pg=PA87"><i>The Archeology of the New Testament: The Life of Jesus and the Beginning of the Early Church</i></a> (Revised edition (1609) ed.). Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. 1992. p. 87. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-691-00220-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-691-00220-7"><bdi>0-691-00220-7</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 July</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Archeology+of+the+New+Testament%3A+The+Life+of+Jesus+and+the+Beginning+of+the+Early+Church&rft.place=Princeton%2C+New+Jersey&rft.pages=87&rft.edition=Revised+edition+%281609%29&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=0-691-00220-7&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1DsABAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA87&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJob+%28biblical+figure%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bargil Pixner OSB, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hagia-maria-sion.net/gemeinschaft/rundbr/rundbr21/rb21barg.html">Archäologie: Das Bad des Aussätzigen in Tabgha</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090823015142/http://www.hagia-maria-sion.net/gemeinschaft/rundbr/rundbr21/rb21barg.html">Archived</a> 2009-08-23 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (Archaeology: the Leper's Bath in Tabgha), Dormition Abbey, 21st newsletter, January 2002 (in German)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Eretz Magazine, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eretz.com/NEW/ptrailsermon.shtml">Sermon Valley</a>, accessed 10 December 2018</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pringle-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Pringle_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pringle, 1998, p. 239.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Strange194-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Strange194_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Schumacher; Oliphant; le Strange, 1886, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/acrossjordanbein00schu#page/194/mode/1up">194</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Strange191-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Strange191_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Schumacher; Oliphant; le Strange, 1886, p.<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/acrossjordanbein00schu#page/191/mode/1up">191</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.surkav.org.tr/?bs=26&ID=2">Eyyüb Nebi Çevre Düzenleme Projesi</a>(Turkish)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230327191859/https://www.usna.edu/Users/humss/bwheeler/job_salalah.html">"Tomb of Job near Salalah"</a>. <i>www.usna.edu</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usna.edu/Users/humss/bwheeler/job_salalah.html">the original</a> on 2023-03-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-12-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.usna.edu&rft.atitle=Tomb+of+Job+near+Salalah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usna.edu%2FUsers%2Fhumss%2Fbwheeler%2Fjob_salalah.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJob+%28biblical+figure%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPanagakos2015" class="citation book cs1">Panagakos, Anastasia (2015). <i>Religious Diversity Today: Experiencing Religion in the Contemporary World [3 volumes]: Experiencing Religion in the Contemporary World</i>. ABC-CLIO. p. 99. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781440833328" title="Special:BookSources/9781440833328"><bdi>9781440833328</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Religious+Diversity+Today%3A+Experiencing+Religion+in+the+Contemporary+World+%5B3+volumes%5D%3A+Experiencing+Religion+in+the+Contemporary+World&rft.pages=99&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=9781440833328&rft.aulast=Panagakos&rft.aufirst=Anastasia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJob+%28biblical+figure%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRussell2015" class="citation book cs1">Russell, Gerard (2015). <i>Heirs to Forgotten Kingdoms: Journeys Into the Disappearing Religions of the Middle East</i>. Hachette UK. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780465097692" title="Special:BookSources/9780465097692"><bdi>9780465097692</bdi></a>. <q>The "tomb" of the Prophet Job, in Lebanon's Shouf Mountains, is a holy site for the country's 250,000 Druze. Since they believe in reincarnation, however, they consider it a cenotaph.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Heirs+to+Forgotten+Kingdoms%3A+Journeys+Into+the+Disappearing+Religions+of+the+Middle+East&rft.pub=Hachette+UK&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=9780465097692&rft.aulast=Russell&rft.aufirst=Gerard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJob+%28biblical+figure%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Job_(biblical_figure)&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Job" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Job">Job</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt2701.htm">Book of Job with Hebrew and English</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.torah.org/learning/iyov/">Themes of Job</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20010124072500/http://www.ou.org/about/judaism/iyov.htm">Summary of Job's life</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=1764&letter=A">Aristeas identifies Job with the Jobab mentioned in Genesis 36:33, a great-grandson of Esau</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iojd.org/">An international fraternal organization for young women based on the teachings of the book of Job.</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060819213608/http://www.ahlusunnah.org.au/articles/document.jsp?id=71">The Story of Ayyub (Job)</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070113025632/http://www.anwary-islam.com/prophet-story/ayoub.htm">The same page is also available here</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nycgovparks.org/parks/forestpark/monuments/1766">"Job", Forest Park Monuments, NYC Dept of Parks & Recreation</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160816152446/http://www.mekan360.com/360fx_eyyubnebipeygamberturbesisanliurfa.html?lang=tr">360 Degree Tour of Prophet Job's Tomb in Urfa, Turkey</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Job"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Job">"Job" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 15 (11th ed.). 1911. pp. 422–427.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Job&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=422-427&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJob+%28biblical+figure%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Book_of_Job" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Book_of_Job" title="Template:Book of Job"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Book_of_Job" title="Template talk:Book of Job"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Book_of_Job" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Book of Job"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Book_of_Job" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Job" title="Book of Job">Book of Job</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Job</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Job_in_Islam" title="Job in Islam">In Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Job_in_rabbinic_literature" title="Job in rabbinic literature">In rabbinic literature</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a> <a href="/wiki/Chapters_and_verses_of_the_Bible" title="Chapters and verses of the Bible">chapters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Prologue (<a href="/wiki/Job_1" title="Job 1">Job 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Job_2" title="Job 2">2</a>)</li> <li>Dialogue (<a href="/wiki/Job_3" title="Job 3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Job_4" title="Job 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Job_5" title="Job 5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Job_6" title="Job 6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Job_7" title="Job 7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Job_8" title="Job 8">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Job_9" title="Job 9">9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Job_10" title="Job 10">10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Job_11" title="Job 11">11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Job_12" title="Job 12">12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Job_13" title="Job 13">13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Job_14" title="Job 14">14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Job_15" title="Job 15">15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Job_16" title="Job 16">16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Job_17" title="Job 17">17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Job_18" title="Job 18">18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Job_19" title="Job 19">19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Job_20" title="Job 20">20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Job_21" title="Job 21">21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Job_22" title="Job 22">22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Job_23" title="Job 23">23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Job_24" title="Job 24">24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Job_25" title="Job 25">25</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Job_26" title="Job 26">26</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Job_27" title="Job 27">27</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Job_28" title="Job 28">28</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Job_29" title="Job 29">29</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Job_30" title="Job 30">30</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Job_31" title="Job 31">31</a>)</li> <li>Verdicts (<a href="/wiki/Job_32" title="Job 32">32</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Job_33" title="Job 33">33</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Job_34" title="Job 34">34</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Job_35" title="Job 35">35</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Job_36" title="Job 36">36</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Job_37" title="Job 37">37</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Job_38" title="Job 38">38</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Job_39" title="Job 39">39</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Job_40" title="Job 40">40</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Job_41" title="Job 41">41</a>)</li> <li>Epilogue (<a href="/wiki/Job_42" title="Job 42">42</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People and entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Job's family members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Job%27s_wife" title="Job's wife">Job's wife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jemima_(Bible)" title="Jemima (Bible)">Jemima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keziah" title="Keziah">Keziah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keren-happuch" title="Keren-happuch">Keren-happuch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Job's friends</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bildad" title="Bildad">Bildad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elihu_(Job)" class="mw-redirect" title="Elihu (Job)">Elihu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zophar" title="Zophar">Zophar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eliphaz_(Job)" title="Eliphaz (Job)">Eliphaz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angel" title="Angel">Angels</a> (including <a href="/wiki/Satan" title="Satan">Satan</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Behemoth" title="Behemoth">Behemoth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babylon" title="Babylon">Chaldeans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jobab_ben_Zerah" title="Jobab ben Zerah">Jobab ben Zerah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leviathan" title="Leviathan">Leviathan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rahab_(term)" title="Rahab (term)">Rahab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabaeans" title="Sabaeans">Sabeans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuah" title="Shuah">Shuah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tannin_(monster)" title="Tannin (monster)">Tannin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziz" title="Ziz">Ziz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan_River" title="Jordan River">Jordan River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ophir" title="Ophir">Ophir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheba" title="Sheba">Sheba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_of_Tema" title="Land of Tema">Tema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teman_(Edom)" title="Teman (Edom)">Teman (Edom)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_of_Uz" title="Land of Uz">Uz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Phrases/Terms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elohim" title="Elohim">Eloah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Shaddai" title="El Shaddai">Shaddai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetragrammaton" title="Tetragrammaton">YHWH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chol_(Bible)" title="Chol (Bible)">Chol</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related religious texts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Ezekiel" title="Book of Ezekiel">Book of Ezekiel</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ezekiel_14:14" class="mw-redirect" title="Ezekiel 14:14">14:14</a><a href="/wiki/Ezekiel_14:20" class="mw-redirect" title="Ezekiel 14:20">–20</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Sirach" title="Book of Sirach">Book of Sirach</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Ecclesiasticus%2049:9&version=nrsvae">49:9</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epistle_of_James" title="Epistle of James">Epistle of James</a> (<a href="/wiki/James_5:11" class="mw-redirect" title="James 5:11">5:11</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_Oxyrhynchus_3522" title="Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 3522">Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 3522</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Testament_of_Job" title="Testament of Job">Testament of Job</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Moralia_in_Job" title="Moralia in Job">Moralia in Job</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moralia_in_Job_(British_Library,_Add_MS_31031)" title="Moralia in Job (British Library, Add MS 31031)">Add MS 31031</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moralia_in_Job_of_945" title="Moralia in Job of 945">of 945</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%AEteaux_Moralia_in_Job" title="Cîteaux Moralia in Job">Cîteaux</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In art</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Adam%27s_Apples" title="Adam's Apples">Adam's Apples</a></i> (2005)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Serious_Man" title="A Serious Man">A Serious Man</a></i> (2009)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Reverend_(film)" title="The Reverend (film)">The Reverend</a></i> (2011)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Leviathan_(2014_film)" title="Leviathan (2014 film)">Leviathan</a></i> (2014)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Shift_(2023_film)" title="The Shift (2023 film)">The Shift</a></i> (2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Literature</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Job_(novel)" title="Job (novel)">Job</a></i> (1930 novel)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Job_(radio_play)" title="Job (radio play)">Job</a></i> (1939 radio play)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Masque_of_Reason" title="A Masque of Reason">A Masque of Reason</a></i> (1945 play)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Silverlock" title="Silverlock">Silverlock</a></i> (1949 novel)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Answer_to_Job" title="Answer to Job">Answer to Job</a></i> (1952 analysis)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/J.B._(play)" title="J.B. (play)">J.B.</a></i> (1958 play)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/God%27s_Favorite" title="God's Favorite">God's Favorite</a></i> (1974 play)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Job%27s_Passion" title="Job's Passion">Job's Passion</a></i> (1981 play)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Job:_A_Comedy_of_Justice" title="Job: A Comedy of Justice">Job: A Comedy of Justice</a></i> (1984 novel)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Job%27s_Wife" title="Job's Wife">Job's Wife</a></i> (2002 play)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Job_in_Byzantine_illuminated_manuscripts" title="Book of Job in Byzantine illuminated manuscripts">Byzantine illuminated manuscripts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Job_(Shea)" title="Job (Shea)"><i>Job</i></a> (Bronze sculpture by <a href="/wiki/Judith_Shea" title="Judith Shea">Judith Shea</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Blake%27s_Illustrations_of_the_Book_of_Job" title="William Blake's Illustrations of the Book of Job">William Blake's <i>Illustrations of the Book of Job</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Job" title="Tomb of Job">Tomb of Job</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sources</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/he:%D7%90%D7%99%D7%95%D7%91_%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%93" class="extiw" title="wikisource:he:איוב ניקוד">Hebrew Bible</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/el:%CE%99%CF%8E%CE%B2" class="extiw" title="wikisource:el:Ιώβ">Septuagint</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(Wycliffe)/Job" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Bible (Wycliffe)/Job">Wycliffe Version</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Job" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Bible (King James)/Job">King James Version</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/Job" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/Job">American Standard Version</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(World_English)/Job" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Bible (World English)/Job">World English Version</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Prophets_in_the_Hebrew_Bible_/_Old_Testament" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Prophets_in_the_Hebrew_Bible" title="Template:Prophets in the Hebrew Bible"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Prophets_in_the_Hebrew_Bible" title="Template talk:Prophets in the Hebrew Bible"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Prophets_in_the_Hebrew_Bible" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Prophets in the Hebrew Bible"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Prophets_in_the_Hebrew_Bible_/_Old_Testament" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Category:Prophets_in_the_Hebrew_Bible" title="Category:Prophets in the Hebrew Bible">Prophets in the Hebrew Bible / Old Testament</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pre-Patriarchal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Cain_and_Abel" title="Cain and Abel">Abel</a></i><sup><small>‡</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enoch" title="Enoch">Enoch</a><sup><small>‡</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noah" title="Noah">Noah</a><sup><small>‡</small></sup> <i>(<a href="/wiki/Noah_in_rabbinic_literature" title="Noah in rabbinic literature">in rabbinic literature</a>)</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Patriarchs_(Bible)" title="Patriarchs (Bible)">Patriarchs</a> / <a href="/wiki/Matriarchs_(Bible)#Matriarchs" class="mw-redirect" title="Matriarchs (Bible)">Matriarchs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abraham" title="Abraham">Abraham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac" title="Isaac">Isaac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob" title="Jacob">Jacob</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah" title="Sarah">Sarah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Israelite prophets<br />in the <a href="/wiki/Torah" title="Torah">Torah</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moses" title="Moses">Moses</a> (<a href="/wiki/Moses_in_rabbinic_literature" title="Moses in rabbinic literature">in rabbinic literature</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aaron" title="Aaron">Aaron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miriam" title="Miriam">Miriam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eldad_and_Medad" title="Eldad and Medad">Eldad and Medad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phinehas" title="Phinehas">Phinehas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Mentioned in the<br /><a href="/wiki/Nevi%27im#Former_Prophets" title="Nevi'im">Former Prophets</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joshua" title="Joshua">Joshua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deborah" title="Deborah">Deborah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gideon" title="Gideon">Gideon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samson" title="Samson">Samson</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Elkanah" title="Elkanah">Elkanah</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hannah_(biblical_figure)" title="Hannah (biblical figure)">Hannah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abigail" title="Abigail">Abigail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel" title="Samuel">Samuel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gad_(prophet)" title="Gad (prophet)">Gad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathan_(prophet)" title="Nathan (prophet)">Nathan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David" title="David">David</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon" title="Solomon">Solomon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeduthun" title="Jeduthun">Jeduthun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahijah_the_Shilonite" title="Ahijah the Shilonite">Ahijah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shemaiah_(prophet)" title="Shemaiah (prophet)">Shemaiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elijah" title="Elijah">Elijah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elisha" title="Elisha">Elisha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iddo_(prophet)" title="Iddo (prophet)">Iddo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanani" title="Hanani">Hanani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jehu_(prophet)" title="Jehu (prophet)">Jehu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micaiah" title="Micaiah">Micaiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jahaziel" title="Jahaziel">Jahaziel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eliezer#Eliezer_the_prophet" title="Eliezer">Eliezer ben Dodavah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zechariah_ben_Jehoiada" title="Zechariah ben Jehoiada">Zechariah ben Jehoiada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huldah" title="Huldah">Huldah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Major_prophet" title="Major prophet">Major</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isaiah" title="Isaiah">Isaiah</a> (<a href="/wiki/Isaiah_in_rabbinic_literature" class="mw-redirect" title="Isaiah in rabbinic literature">in rabbinic literature</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremiah" title="Jeremiah">Jeremiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezekiel" title="Ezekiel">Ezekiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_(biblical_figure)" title="Daniel (biblical figure)">Daniel</a><sup><small>‡</small></sup> <i>(<a href="/wiki/Daniel_in_rabbinic_literature" title="Daniel in rabbinic literature">in rabbinic literature</a>)</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Twelve_Minor_Prophets" title="Twelve Minor Prophets">Minor</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hosea" title="Hosea">Hosea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joel_(prophet)" title="Joel (prophet)">Joel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amos_(prophet)" title="Amos (prophet)">Amos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obadiah" title="Obadiah">Obadiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonah" title="Jonah">Jonah</a> (<a href="/wiki/Jonah_in_rabbinic_literature" title="Jonah in rabbinic literature">in rabbinic literature</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micah_(prophet)" title="Micah (prophet)">Micah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nahum" title="Nahum">Nahum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habakkuk" title="Habakkuk">Habakkuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zephaniah" title="Zephaniah">Zephaniah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haggai" title="Haggai">Haggai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zechariah_(Hebrew_prophet)" title="Zechariah (Hebrew prophet)">Zechariah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malachi" title="Malachi">Malachi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Noahidism" title="Noahidism">Noahide</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Beor_(biblical_figure)" title="Beor (biblical figure)">Beor</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Balaam" title="Balaam">Balaam</a></i></li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Job</a> (<a href="/wiki/Job_in_rabbinic_literature" title="Job in rabbinic literature">in rabbinic literature</a>)</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Amoz" title="Amoz">Amoz</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Beeri" title="Beeri">Beeri</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Baruch_ben_Neriah" title="Baruch ben Neriah">Baruch</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Agur" title="Agur">Agur</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uriah_(prophet)" title="Uriah (prophet)">Uriah</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Buzi" title="Buzi">Buzi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mordecai" title="Mordecai">Mordecai</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Esther" title="Esther">Esther</a> (<a href="/wiki/Esther_in_rabbinic_literature" title="Esther in rabbinic literature">in rabbinic literature</a>)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezra" title="Ezra">Ezra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nehemiah" title="Nehemiah">Nehemiah</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ruth_(biblical_figure)" title="Ruth (biblical figure)">Ruth</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oded_(prophet)" title="Oded (prophet)">Oded</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azariah_(prophet)" title="Azariah (prophet)">Azariah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><i>Italics</i> indicate persons whose status as <a href="/wiki/Prophet" title="Prophet">prophets</a> is not universally accepted.</li> <li>‡ indicates persons whose status as prophets is exclusive to <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a>.</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Saints_of_the_Catholic_Church" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color: gold"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Catholic_saints" title="Template:Catholic saints"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Catholic_saints" title="Template talk:Catholic saints"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Catholic_saints" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Catholic saints"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Saints_of_the_Catholic_Church" class="wraplinks" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Catholic_saints" title="List of Catholic saints">Saints of the Catholic Church</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color: gold"><div><a href="/wiki/Dicastery_for_the_Causes_of_Saints" title="Dicastery for the Causes of Saints">Dicastery for the Causes of Saints</a><br />Stages of <a href="/wiki/Canonization" title="Canonization">canonization</a>: <a href="/wiki/Servant_of_God#Catholic_Church" title="Servant of God">Servant of God</a>   →   <a href="/wiki/The_Venerable#Christianity" title="The Venerable">Venerable</a>   →   <a href="/wiki/Beatification" title="Beatification">Blessed</a>   →   <a href="/wiki/Saint" title="Saint">Saint</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Veneration_of_Mary_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Veneration of Mary in the Catholic Church">Virgin Mary</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theotokos" title="Theotokos">Mother of God (Theotokos)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immaculate_Conception" title="Immaculate Conception">Immaculate Conception</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perpetual_virginity_of_Mary" title="Perpetual virginity of Mary">Perpetual virginity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assumption_of_Mary" title="Assumption of Mary">Assumption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marian_apparition" title="Marian apparition">Marian apparition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titles_of_Mary" class="mw-redirect" title="Titles of Mary">Titles of Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Joseph" title="Saint Joseph">Joseph (husband)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Apostles_in_the_New_Testament" title="Apostles in the New Testament">Apostles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_the_Apostle" title="Andrew the Apostle">Andrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barnabas" title="Barnabas">Barnabas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bartholomew_the_Apostle" title="Bartholomew the Apostle">Bartholomew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James,_son_of_Alphaeus" title="James, son of Alphaeus">James of Alphaeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_the_Great" title="James the Great">James the Great</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Apostle" title="John the Apostle">John</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jude_the_Apostle" title="Jude the Apostle">Jude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_the_Apostle" title="Matthew the Apostle">Matthew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthias_the_Apostle" title="Matthias the Apostle">Matthias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_the_Apostle" title="Paul the Apostle">Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter" title="Saint Peter">Peter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_the_Apostle" title="Philip the Apostle">Philip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_the_Zealot" title="Simon the Zealot">Simon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_the_Apostle" title="Thomas the Apostle">Thomas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Archangel" title="Archangel">Archangels</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel" title="Gabriel">Gabriel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_(archangel)" title="Michael (archangel)">Michael</a>  <a href="/wiki/Saint_Michael_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Saint Michael in the Catholic Church">in the Catholic Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raphael_(archangel)" title="Raphael (archangel)">Raphael</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Confessor_of_the_Faith" title="Confessor of the Faith">Confessors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anatolius_of_Laodicea" title="Anatolius of Laodicea">Anatolius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_of_Kiev" title="Anthony of Kiev">Anthony of Kiev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athanasius_of_Alexandria" title="Athanasius of Alexandria">Athanasius the Confessor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chariton_the_Confessor" title="Chariton the Confessor">Chariton the Confessor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Dominic" title="Saint Dominic">Dominic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_the_Confessor" title="Edward the Confessor">Edward the Confessor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_of_Assisi" title="Francis of Assisi">Francis of Assisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Borgia" title="Francis Borgia">Francis Borgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Homobonus" title="Saint Homobonus">Homobonus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lazarus_Zographos" title="Lazarus Zographos">Lazarus Zographos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Bertrand_(saint)" title="Louis Bertrand (saint)">Louis Bertrand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximus_the_Confessor" title="Maximus the Confessor">Maximus the Confessor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_of_Synnada" title="Michael of Synnada">Michael of Synnada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paphnutius_of_Thebes" title="Paphnutius of Thebes">Paphnutius the Confessor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_I_of_Constantinople" title="Paul I of Constantinople">Paul I of Constantinople</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Claver" title="Peter Claver">Peter Claver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salonius" title="Salonius">Salonius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergius_of_Radonezh" title="Sergius of Radonezh">Sergius of Radonezh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theophanes_the_Confessor" title="Theophanes the Confessor">Theophanes the Confessor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padre_Pio" title="Padre Pio">Pio of Pietrelcina</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Disciple_(Christianity)" title="Disciple (Christianity)">Disciples</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apollos" title="Apollos">Apollos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Bethany" title="Mary of Bethany">Mary of Bethany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Magdalene" title="Mary Magdalene">Mary Magdalene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priscilla_and_Aquila" title="Priscilla and Aquila">Priscilla and Aquila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silas" title="Silas">Silvanus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Stephen" title="Saint Stephen">Stephen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Timothy" title="Saint Timothy">Timothy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Titus" title="Saint Titus">Titus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seventy_disciples" title="Seventy disciples">Seventy disciples</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_the_Church" title="Doctor of the Church">Doctors of the Church</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_I" title="Pope Gregory I">Gregory the Great</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambrose" title="Ambrose">Ambrose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustine_of_Hippo" title="Augustine of Hippo">Augustine of Hippo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerome" title="Jerome">Jerome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Chrysostom" title="John Chrysostom">John Chrysostom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basil_of_Caesarea" title="Basil of Caesarea">Basil of Caesarea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_of_Nazianzus" title="Gregory of Nazianzus">Gregory of Nazianzus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athanasius_of_Alexandria" title="Athanasius of Alexandria">Athanasius of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_of_Alexandria" title="Cyril of Alexandria">Cyril of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_of_Jerusalem" title="Cyril of Jerusalem">Cyril of Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_Damascus" title="John of Damascus">John of Damascus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bede" title="Bede">Bede the Venerable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ephrem_the_Syrian" title="Ephrem the Syrian">Ephrem the Syrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Aquinas" title="Thomas Aquinas">Thomas Aquinas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonaventure" title="Bonaventure">Bonaventure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anselm_of_Canterbury" title="Anselm of Canterbury">Anselm of Canterbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isidore_of_Seville" title="Isidore of Seville">Isidore of Seville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Chrysologus" title="Peter Chrysologus">Peter Chrysologus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_I" title="Pope Leo I">Leo the Great</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Damian" title="Peter Damian">Peter Damian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_of_Clairvaux" title="Bernard of Clairvaux">Bernard of Clairvaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilary_of_Poitiers" title="Hilary of Poitiers">Hilary of Poitiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alphonsus_Liguori" title="Alphonsus Liguori">Alphonsus Liguori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_de_Sales" title="Francis de Sales">Francis de Sales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Canisius" title="Peter Canisius">Peter Canisius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_the_Cross" title="John of the Cross">John of the Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bellarmine" title="Robert Bellarmine">Robert Bellarmine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albertus_Magnus" title="Albertus Magnus">Albertus Magnus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_of_Padua" title="Anthony of Padua">Anthony of Padua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_of_Brindisi" title="Lawrence of Brindisi">Lawrence of Brindisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teresa_of_%C3%81vila" title="Teresa of Ávila">Teresa of Ávila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_of_Siena" title="Catherine of Siena">Catherine of Siena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9r%C3%A8se_of_Lisieux" title="Thérèse of Lisieux">Thérèse of Lisieux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_%C3%81vila" title="John of Ávila">John of Ávila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hildegard_of_Bingen" title="Hildegard of Bingen">Hildegard of Bingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_of_Narek" title="Gregory of Narek">Gregory of Narek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irenaeus" title="Irenaeus">Irenaeus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Four_Evangelists" title="Four Evangelists">Evangelists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_the_Apostle" title="Matthew the Apostle">Matthew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_the_Evangelist" title="Mark the Evangelist">Mark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_the_Evangelist" title="Luke the Evangelist">Luke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Evangelist" title="John the Evangelist">John</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Church_Fathers" title="Church Fathers">Church<br />Fathers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Alexander_I_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Alexander I of Alexandria">Alexander of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_of_Jerusalem" title="Alexander of Jerusalem">Alexander of Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambrose" title="Ambrose">Ambrose of Milan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anatolius_of_Laodicea" title="Anatolius of Laodicea">Anatolius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athanasius_of_Alexandria" title="Athanasius of Alexandria">Athanasius of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustine_of_Hippo" title="Augustine of Hippo">Augustine of Hippo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caesarius_of_Arles" title="Caesarius of Arles">Caesarius of Arles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caius_(presbyter)" title="Caius (presbyter)">Caius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cappadocian_Fathers" title="Cappadocian Fathers">Cappadocian Fathers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clement_of_Alexandria" title="Clement of Alexandria">Clement of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clement_of_Rome" title="Clement of Rome">Clement of Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprian" title="Cyprian">Cyprian of Carthage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_of_Alexandria" title="Cyril of Alexandria">Cyril of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_of_Jerusalem" title="Cyril of Jerusalem">Cyril of Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Damasus_I" title="Pope Damasus I">Damasus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desert_Fathers" title="Desert Fathers">Desert Fathers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desert_Mothers" title="Desert Mothers">Desert Mothers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Dionysius_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Dionysius of Alexandria">Dionysius of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionysius_of_Corinth" title="Dionysius of Corinth">Dionysius of Corinth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Dionysius" title="Pope Dionysius">Dionysius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ephrem_the_Syrian" title="Ephrem the Syrian">Ephrem the Syrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epiphanius_of_Salamis" title="Epiphanius of Salamis">Epiphanius of Salamis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fulgentius_of_Ruspe" title="Fulgentius of Ruspe">Fulgentius of Ruspe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_I" title="Pope Gregory I">Gregory the Great</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_of_Nazianzus" title="Gregory of Nazianzus">Gregory of Nazianzus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_of_Nyssa" title="Gregory of Nyssa">Gregory of Nyssa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilary_of_Poitiers" title="Hilary of Poitiers">Hilary of Poitiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hippolytus_of_Rome" title="Hippolytus of Rome">Hippolytus of Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignatius_of_Antioch" title="Ignatius of Antioch">Ignatius of Antioch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irenaeus" title="Irenaeus">Irenaeus of Lyons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isidore_of_Seville" title="Isidore of Seville">Isidore of Seville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerome" title="Jerome">Jerome of Stridonium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Chrysostom" title="John Chrysostom">John Chrysostom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_Damascus" title="John of Damascus">John of Damascus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximus_the_Confessor" title="Maximus the Confessor">Maximus the Confessor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melito_of_Sardis" title="Melito of Sardis">Melito of Sardis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quadratus_of_Athens" title="Quadratus of Athens">Quadratus of Athens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papias_of_Hierapolis" title="Papias of Hierapolis">Papias of Hierapolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Chrysologus" title="Peter Chrysologus">Peter Chrysologus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polycarp" title="Polycarp">Polycarp of Smyrna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theophilus_of_Antioch" title="Theophilus of Antioch">Theophilus of Antioch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victorinus_of_Pettau" title="Victorinus of Pettau">Victorinus of Pettau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincent_of_L%C3%A9rins" title="Vincent of Lérins">Vincent of Lérins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Zephyrinus" title="Pope Zephyrinus">Zephyrinus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christian_martyr" title="Christian martyr">Martyrs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abda_and_Abdisho" title="Abda and Abdisho">Abda and Abdisho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boris_and_Gleb" title="Boris and Gleb">Boris and Gleb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Foucauld" title="Charles de Foucauld">Charles de Foucauld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Martyrs" title="Canadian Martyrs">Canadian Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carthusian_Martyrs" title="Carthusian Martyrs">Carthusian Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_Martyrs_of_Tlaxcala" title="Child Martyrs of Tlaxcala">Child Martyrs of Tlaxcala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christina_of_Persia" title="Christina of Persia">Christina of Persia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devasahayam_Pillai" title="Devasahayam Pillai">Devasahayam Pillai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penitent_thief" title="Penitent thief">Dismas the Good Thief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forty_Martyrs_of_England_and_Wales" title="Forty Martyrs of England and Wales">Forty Martyrs of England and Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Crowned_Martyrs" title="Four Crowned Martyrs">Four Crowned Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerard_of_Csan%C3%A1d" title="Gerard of Csanád">Gerard of Csanád</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_martyr" title="Great martyr">Great Martyr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massacre_of_the_Innocents" title="Massacre of the Innocents">The Holy Innocents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Catholic_Martyrs" title="Irish Catholic Martyrs">Irish Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Fisher" title="John Fisher">John Fisher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Martyrs" title="Korean Martyrs">Korean Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_Ruiz" title="Lorenzo Ruiz">Lorenzo Ruiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCbeck_martyrs" title="Lübeck martyrs">Martyrs of Lübeck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Versiglia" title="Luigi Versiglia">Luigi Versiglia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrology" title="Martyrology">Martyrology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Albania" title="Martyrs of Albania">Martyrs of Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/19_martyrs_of_Algeria" title="19 martyrs of Algeria">Martyrs of Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Cajonos" title="Martyrs of Cajonos">Martyrs of Cajonos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blessed_Martyrs_of_Drina" title="Blessed Martyrs of Drina">Martyrs of Drina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyr_Saints_of_China" title="Martyr Saints of China">Martyrs of China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Gorkum" title="Martyrs of Gorkum">Martyrs of Gorkum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Japan" title="Martyrs of Japan">Martyrs of Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_kidnapping_and_beheading_of_Copts_in_Libya" title="2015 kidnapping and beheading of Copts in Libya">21 Martyrs of Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_La_Rioja" title="Martyrs of La Rioja">Martyrs of La Rioja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Damascus" title="Martyrs of Damascus">Martyrs of Damascus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Laos" title="Martyrs of Laos">Martyrs of Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Natal" title="Martyrs of Natal">Martyrs of Natal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Otranto" title="Martyrs of Otranto">Martyrs of Otranto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Prague" title="Martyrs of Prague">Martyrs of Prague</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadok_and_48_Dominican_martyrs_from_Sandomierz" title="Sadok and 48 Dominican martyrs from Sandomierz">Martyrs of Sandomierz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_the_Spanish_Civil_War" title="Martyrs of the Spanish Civil War">Martyrs of the Spanish Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Zenta" title="Martyrs of Zenta">Martyrs of Zenta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximilian_Kolbe" title="Maximilian Kolbe">Maximilian Kolbe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%93scar_Romero" title="Óscar Romero">Óscar Romero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Calungsod" title="Pedro Calungsod">Pedro Calungsod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perpetua_and_Felicity" title="Perpetua and Felicity">Perpetua and Felicity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Chanel" title="Peter Chanel">Peter Chanel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pietro_Parenzo" title="Pietro Parenzo">Pietro Parenzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philomena" title="Philomena">Philomena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saints_of_the_Cristero_War" title="Saints of the Cristero War">Saints of the Cristero War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Stephen" title="Saint Stephen">Stephen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edith_Stein" title="Edith Stein">Teresa Benedicta of the Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titus_Brandsma" title="Titus Brandsma">Titus Brandsma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomasian_Martyrs" title="Thomasian Martyrs">17 Thomasian Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Becket" title="Thomas Becket">Thomas Becket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_More" title="Thomas More">Thomas More</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Martyrs_of_Chimbote" title="Three Martyrs of Chimbote">Three Martyrs of Chimbote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulma_family" title="Ulma family">Ulma Family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uganda_Martyrs" title="Uganda Martyrs">Uganda Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_Martyrs" title="Vietnamese Martyrs">Vietnamese Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Valentine" title="Saint Valentine">Valentine of Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_and_Corona" title="Victor and Corona">Victor and Corona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zanitas_and_Lazarus_of_Persia" title="Zanitas and Lazarus of Persia">Zanitas and Lazarus of Persia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_missions" title="Catholic missions">Missionaries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Augustine_of_Canterbury" title="Augustine of Canterbury">Augustine of Canterbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Boniface" title="Saint Boniface">Boniface</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Father_Damien" title="Father Damien">Damien of Molokai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evermode_of_Ratzeburg" title="Evermode of Ratzeburg">Evermode of Ratzeburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Xavier" title="Francis Xavier">Francis Xavier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Laval" title="François de Laval">François de Laval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_the_Illuminator" title="Gregory the Illuminator">Gregory the Illuminator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jun%C3%ADpero_Serra" title="Junípero Serra">Junípero Serra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Nino" title="Saint Nino">Nino of Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Patrick" title="Saint Patrick">Patrick of Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Remigius" title="Saint Remigius">Remigius</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Patriarch" title="Patriarch">Patriarchs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adam" title="Adam">Adam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cain_and_Abel" title="Cain and Abel">Abel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham" title="Abraham">Abraham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac" title="Isaac">Isaac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob" title="Jacob">Jacob</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_(Genesis)" title="Joseph (Genesis)">Joseph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Joseph" title="Saint Joseph">Joseph (father of Jesus)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David" title="David">David</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noah" title="Noah">Noah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon" title="Solomon">Solomon</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Matriarchs_(Bible)" class="mw-redirect" title="Matriarchs (Bible)">Matriarchs</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">Popes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Adeodatus_I" title="Pope Adeodatus I">Adeodatus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Adeodatus_II" title="Pope Adeodatus II">Adeodatus II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Adrian_III" title="Pope Adrian III">Adrian III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Agapetus_I" title="Pope Agapetus I">Agapetus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Agatho" title="Pope Agatho">Agatho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Alexander_I" title="Pope Alexander I">Alexander I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Anacletus" title="Pope Anacletus">Anacletus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Anastasius_I" title="Pope Anastasius I">Anastasius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Anicetus" title="Pope Anicetus">Anicetus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Anterus" title="Pope Anterus">Anterus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_II" title="Pope Benedict II">Benedict II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Boniface_I" title="Pope Boniface I">Boniface I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Boniface_IV" title="Pope Boniface IV">Boniface IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Caius" title="Pope Caius">Caius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Callixtus_I" title="Pope Callixtus I">Callixtus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Celestine_I" title="Pope Celestine I">Celestine I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Celestine_V" title="Pope Celestine V">Celestine V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clement_of_Rome" title="Clement of Rome">Clement I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Cornelius" title="Pope Cornelius">Cornelius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Damasus_I" title="Pope Damasus I">Damasus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Dionysius" title="Pope Dionysius">Dionysius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Eleutherius" title="Pope Eleutherius">Eleuterus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Eugene_I" title="Pope Eugene I">Eugene I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Eusebius" title="Pope Eusebius">Eusebius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Eutychian" title="Pope Eutychian">Eutychian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Evaristus" title="Pope Evaristus">Evaristus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Fabian" title="Pope Fabian">Fabian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Felix_I" title="Pope Felix I">Felix I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Felix_III" title="Pope Felix III">Felix III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Felix_IV" title="Pope Felix IV">Felix IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gelasius_I" title="Pope Gelasius I">Gelasius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_I" title="Pope Gregory I">Gregory I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_II" title="Pope Gregory II">Gregory II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_III" title="Pope Gregory III">Gregory III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_VII" title="Pope Gregory VII">Gregory VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Hilarius" title="Pope Hilarius">Hilarius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Hormisdas" title="Pope Hormisdas">Hormisdas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Hyginus" title="Pope Hyginus">Hyginus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Innocent_I" title="Pope Innocent I">Innocent I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_John_I" title="Pope John I">John I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_John_XXIII" title="Pope John XXIII">John XXIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_II" title="Pope John Paul II">John Paul II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Julius_I" title="Pope Julius I">Julius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_I" title="Pope Leo I">Leo I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_II" title="Pope Leo II">Leo II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_III" title="Pope Leo III">Leo III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_IV" title="Pope Leo IV">Leo IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_IX" title="Pope Leo IX">Leo IX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Linus" title="Pope Linus">Linus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Lucius_I" title="Pope Lucius I">Lucius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Marcellinus" title="Pope Marcellinus">Marcellinus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Marcellus_I" title="Pope Marcellus I">Marcellus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Mark" title="Pope Mark">Mark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Martin_I" title="Pope Martin I">Martin I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Miltiades" title="Pope Miltiades">Miltiades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Nicholas_I" title="Pope Nicholas I">Nicholas I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Paschal_I" title="Pope Paschal I">Paschal I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Paul_I" title="Pope Paul I">Paul I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Paul_VI" title="Pope Paul VI">Paul VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter" title="Saint Peter">Peter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_I" title="Pope Pius I">Pius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_V" title="Pope Pius V">Pius V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_X" title="Pope Pius X">Pius X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Pontian" title="Pope Pontian">Pontian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Sergius_I" title="Pope Sergius I">Sergius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Silverius" title="Pope Silverius">Silverius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Simplicius" title="Pope Simplicius">Simplicius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Siricius" title="Pope Siricius">Siricius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Sixtus_I" title="Pope Sixtus I">Sixtus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Sixtus_II" title="Pope Sixtus II">Sixtus II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Sixtus_III" title="Pope Sixtus III">Sixtus III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Soter" title="Pope Soter">Soter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Stephen_I" title="Pope Stephen I">Stephen I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Stephen_IV" title="Pope Stephen IV">Stephen IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Sylvester_I" title="Pope Sylvester I">Sylvester I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Symmachus" title="Pope Symmachus">Symmachus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Telesphorus" title="Pope Telesphorus">Telesphorus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Urban_I" title="Pope Urban I">Urban I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Victor_I" title="Pope Victor I">Victor I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Vitalian" title="Pope Vitalian">Vitalian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Zachary" title="Pope Zachary">Zachary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Zephyrinus" title="Pope Zephyrinus">Zephyrinus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Zosimus" title="Pope Zosimus">Zosimus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Prophets_of_Christianity" title="Prophets of Christianity">Prophets</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agabus" title="Agabus">Agabus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amos_(prophet)" title="Amos (prophet)">Amos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_the_Prophetess" title="Anna the Prophetess">Anna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baruch_ben_Neriah" title="Baruch ben Neriah">Baruch ben Neriah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David" title="David">David</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elijah" title="Elijah">Elijah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezekiel" title="Ezekiel">Ezekiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habakkuk" title="Habakkuk">Habakkuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haggai" title="Haggai">Haggai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hosea" title="Hosea">Hosea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaiah" title="Isaiah">Isaiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremiah" title="Jeremiah">Jeremiah</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Job</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joel_(prophet)" title="Joel (prophet)">Joel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Baptist" title="John the Baptist">John the Baptist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonah" title="Jonah">Jonah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judas_Barsabbas" title="Judas Barsabbas">Judas Barsabbas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malachi" title="Malachi">Malachi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melchizedek" title="Melchizedek">Melchizedek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micah_(prophet)" title="Micah (prophet)">Micah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moses" title="Moses">Moses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nahum" title="Nahum">Nahum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obadiah" title="Obadiah">Obadiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel" title="Samuel">Samuel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woman_with_seven_sons" title="Woman with seven sons">Seven Maccabees and their mother</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simeon_(Gospel_of_Luke)" title="Simeon (Gospel of Luke)">Simeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zechariah_(Hebrew_prophet)" title="Zechariah (Hebrew prophet)">Zechariah (prophet)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zechariah_(New_Testament_figure)" title="Zechariah (New Testament figure)">Zechariah (NT)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zephaniah" title="Zephaniah">Zephaniah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Virgin_(title)" title="Virgin (title)">Virgins</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agatha_of_Sicily" title="Agatha of Sicily">Agatha of Sicily</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agnes_of_Rome" title="Agnes of Rome">Agnes of Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_of_the_Cross" title="Angela of the Cross">Angela of the Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelthryth" title="Æthelthryth">Æthelthryth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernadette_Soubirous" title="Bernadette Soubirous">Bernadette Soubirous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_of_Bologna" title="Catherine of Bologna">Catherine of Bologna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brigid_of_Kildare" title="Brigid of Kildare">Brigid of Kildare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Labour%C3%A9" title="Catherine Labouré">Catherine Labouré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_of_Siena" title="Catherine of Siena">Catherine of Siena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Cecilia" title="Saint Cecilia">Cecilia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clare_of_Assisi" title="Clare of Assisi">Clare of Assisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eulalia_of_M%C3%A9rida" title="Eulalia of Mérida">Eulalia of Mérida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euphemia" title="Euphemia">Euphemia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faustina_Kowalska" title="Faustina Kowalska">Faustina Kowalska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faustina_and_Liberata_of_Como" title="Faustina and Liberata of Como">Faustina and Liberata of Como</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genevieve" title="Genevieve">Genevieve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiltrude_of_Liessies" title="Hiltrude of Liessies">Hiltrude of Liessies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_of_Arc" title="Joan of Arc">Joan of Arc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kateri_Tekakwitha" title="Kateri Tekakwitha">Kateri Tekakwitha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucy" title="Saint Lucy">Lucy of Syracuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Goretti" title="Maria Goretti">Maria Goretti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mar%C3%ADa_de_las_Maravillas_de_Jes%C3%BAs" title="María de las Maravillas de Jesús">María de las Maravillas de Jesús</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narcisa_de_Jes%C3%BAs" title="Narcisa de Jesús">Narcisa de Jesús</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patricia_of_Naples" title="Patricia of Naples">Patricia of Naples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Rosalia" title="Saint Rosalia">Rosalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_of_Lima" title="Rose of Lima">Rose of Lima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teresa_of_the_Andes" title="Teresa of the Andes">Teresa of the Andes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mother_Teresa" title="Mother Teresa">Teresa of Calcutta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trasilla_and_Emiliana" title="Trasilla and Emiliana">Trasilla and Emiliana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubaldesca_Taccini" title="Ubaldesca Taccini">Ubaldesca Taccini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josephine_Bakhita" title="Josephine Bakhita">Josephine Bakhita</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calendar_of_saints" title="Calendar of saints">Calendar of saints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Holy_Marshals" title="Four Holy Marshals">Four Holy Marshals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourteen_Holy_Helpers" title="Fourteen Holy Helpers">Fourteen Holy Helpers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyr_of_charity" title="Martyr of charity">Martyr of charity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_saint" title="Military saint">Military saints</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Athleta_Christi" title="Athleta Christi">Athleta Christi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miles_Christianus" title="Miles Christianus">Miles Christianus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Churches_Militant,_Penitent,_and_Triumphant" title="Churches Militant, Penitent, and Triumphant">Church Militant</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Champions_of_Christendom" title="Seven Champions of Christendom">Seven Champions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtuous_pagan" title="Virtuous pagan">Virtuous pagan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color: gold"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:046CupolaSPietro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/16px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/24px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 1.5x, 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