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</ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Deaths" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Deaths"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Deaths</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Deaths-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Deaths subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Deaths-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-January–June_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#January–June_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>January–June</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-January–June_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-July–December_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#July–December_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>July–December</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-July–December_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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Available in 184 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-184" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">184 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809" title="1809 – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="1809" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809" title="1809 – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="1809" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809_%E1%8A%A5.%E1%8A%A4.%E1%8A%A0." title="1809 እ.ኤ.አ. – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="1809 እ.ኤ.አ." data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809" title="1809 – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="1809" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809" title="1809 – Abkhazian" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="1809" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhazian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809" title="1809 – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="1809" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809" title="1809 – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="1809" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809_%D5%A9%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="1809 թուական – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="1809 թուական" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809" title="1809 – Aromanian" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="1809" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809" title="1809 – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="1809" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809" title="1809 – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="1809" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809" title="1809 – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="1809" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="1809 сон – Avaric" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="1809 сон" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaric" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809" title="1809 – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="1809" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B8%DB%B0%DB%B9_(%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C)" title="۱۸۰۹ (میلادی) – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="۱۸۰۹ (میلادی)" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809" title="1809 – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="1809" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%AE%E0%A7%A6%E0%A7%AF" title="১৮০৯ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="১৮০৯" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809_n%C3%AE" title="1809 nî – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="1809 nî" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809" title="1809 – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="1809" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809_%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1809 йыл – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="1809 йыл" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809" title="1809 – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="1809" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809" title="1809 – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="1809" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809" title="1809 – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="1809" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809" title="1809 – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="1809" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809" title="1809 – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="1809" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809." title="1809. – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="1809." data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809" title="1809 – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="1809" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809" title="1809 – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="1809" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809" title="1809 – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="1809" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809" title="1809 – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="1809" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809" title="1809 – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="1809" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809" title="1809 – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="1809" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809" title="1809 – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="1809" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809" title="1809 – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="1809" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809" title="1809 – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="1809" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809" title="1809 – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="1809" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809" title="1809 – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="1809" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809" title="1809 – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="1809" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809" title="1809 – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="1809" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809_%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="1809 ие – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="1809 ие" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809" title="1809 – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="1809" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809" title="1809 – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="1809" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809" title="1809 – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="1809" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B8%DB%B0%DB%B9" title="۱۸۰۹ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="۱۸۰۹" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809" title="1809 – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="1809" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809" title="1809 – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="1809" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809" title="1809 – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="1809" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809" title="1809 – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="1809" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809" title="1809 – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="1809" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809" title="1809 – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="1809" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809" title="1809 – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="1809" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809" title="1809 – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="1809" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809" title="1809 – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="1809" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809%E5%B9%B4" title="1809年 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="1809年" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809%EB%85%84" title="1809년 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="1809년" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809" title="1809 – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="1809" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AE%E0%A5%A6%E0%A5%AF" title="१८०९ – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="१८०९" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809" title="1809 – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="1809" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809." title="1809. – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="1809." data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809" title="1809 – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="1809" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809" title="1809 – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="1809" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%AE%E0%A7%A6%E0%A7%AF" title="মারি ১৮০৯ – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="মারি ১৮০৯" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809" title="1809 – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="1809" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809" title="1809 – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="1809" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809-%C3%A6%D0%BC_%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="1809-æм аз – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="1809-æм аз" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809" title="1809 – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="1809" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809" title="1809 – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="1809" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809" title="1809 – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="1809" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809" title="1809 – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="1809" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B3%A7%E0%B3%AE%E0%B3%A6%E0%B3%AF" title="೧೮೦೯ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="೧೮೦೯" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809_%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1809 джыл – Karachay-Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="1809 джыл" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachay-Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809" title="1809 – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="1809" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809" title="1809 – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="1809" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809_%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1809 жыл – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="1809 жыл" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809" title="1809 – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="1809" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809-%D3%A7%D0%B4_%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="1809-ӧд во – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="1809-ӧд во" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809" title="1809 – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="1809" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809_(almanak_gregoryen)" title="1809 (almanak gregoryen) – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="1809 (almanak gregoryen)" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809" title="1809 – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="1809" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809" title="1809 – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="1809" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809_%D0%B8" title="1809 и – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="1809 и" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809" title="1809 – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="1809" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809" title="1809 – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="1809" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809._gads" title="1809. gads – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="1809. gads" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809" title="1809 – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="1809" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809_%D0%B9%D0%B8%D1%81" title="1809 йис – Lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="1809 йис" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809_m." title="1809 m. – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="1809 m." data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809" title="1809 – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="1809" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809" title="1809 – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="1809" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809" title="1809 – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="1809" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809moi" title="1809moi – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="1809moi" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809" title="1809 – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="1809" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809" title="1809 – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="1809" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AE%E0%A5%A6%E0%A5%AF" title="१८०९ – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="१८०९" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809" title="1809 – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="1809" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809" title="1809 – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="1809" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809" title="1809 – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="1809" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809" title="1809 – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="1809" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87.%E0%A4%B8._%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AE%E0%A5%A6%E0%A5%AF" title="इ.स. १८०९ – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="इ.स. १८०९" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809" title="1809 – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="1809" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809" title="1809 – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="1809" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B8%DB%B0%DB%B9" title="۱۸۰۹ – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="۱۸۰۹" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809" title="1809 – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="1809" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809" title="1809 – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="1809" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809_ni%C3%A8ng" title="1809 nièng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="1809 nièng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809" title="1809 – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="1809" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%81%81%E1%81%88%E1%81%80%E1%81%89" title="၁၈၀၉ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="၁၈၀၉" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809" title="1809 – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="1809" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809" title="1809 – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="1809" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809" title="1809 – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="1809" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%88_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82_%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AE%E0%A5%A6%E0%A5%AF" title="ई सं १८०९ – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="ई सं १८०९" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809%E5%B9%B4" title="1809年 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="1809年" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809" title="1809 – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="1809" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809_%D1%88%D0%BE" title="1809 шо – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="1809 шо" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809" title="1809 – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="1809" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809" title="1809 – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="1809" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809" title="1809 – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="1809" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809" title="1809 – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="1809" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809" title="1809 – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="1809" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809" title="1809 – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="1809" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809" title="1809 – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="1809" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AD%A7%E0%AD%AE%E0%AD%A6%E0%AD%AF" title="୧୮୦୯ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="୧୮୦୯" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809" title="1809 – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="1809" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809" title="1809 – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="1809" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AE%E0%A5%A6%E0%A5%AF" title="१८०९ – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="१८०९" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809" title="1809 – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="1809" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809" title="1809 – Tok Pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="1809" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="Tok Pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809" title="1809 – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="1809" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809" title="1809 – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="1809" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809" title="1809 – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="1809" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809" title="1809 – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="1809" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joohr_1809" title="Joohr 1809 – Colognian" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Joohr 1809" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="Colognian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809" title="1809 – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="1809" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809" title="1809 – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="1809" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809" title="1809 – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="1809" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="1809 год – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="1809 год" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809" title="1809 – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="1809" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AE%E0%A5%A6%E0%A5%AF" title="१८०९ – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="१८०९" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809" title="1809 – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="1809" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809" title="1809 – Northern Sotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="1809" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Northern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809" title="1809 – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="1809" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809" title="1809 – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="1809" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809" title="1809 – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="1809" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809" title="1809 – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="1809" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809%D8%B9" title="1809ع – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="1809ع" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809" title="1809 – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="1809" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809" title="1809 – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="1809" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809" title="1809 – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="1809" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%A1%D9%A8%D9%A0%D9%A9" title="١٨٠٩ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="١٨٠٩" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809" title="1809 – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="1809" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809" title="1809 – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="1809" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809" title="1809 – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="1809" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809" title="1809 – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="1809" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809" title="1809 – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="1809" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809" title="1809 – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="1809" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809" title="1809 – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="1809" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809" title="1809 – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="1809" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809_%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="1809 ел – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="1809 ел" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809" title="1809 – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="1809" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809" title="1809 – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="1809" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9E.%E0%B8%A8._2352" title="พ.ศ. 2352 – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พ.ศ. 2352" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8_1809" title="Соли 1809 – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Соли 1809" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809" title="1809 – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="1809" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809" title="1809 – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="1809" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809" title="1809 – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="1809" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809%D8%A1" title="1809ء – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="1809ء" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809_-_%D9%8A%D9%89%D9%84%D9%89" title="1809 - يىلى – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="1809 - يىلى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809" title="1809 – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="1809" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809" title="1809 – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="1809" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809" title="1809 – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="1809" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809" title="1809 – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="1809" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809" title="1809 – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="1809" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E5%85%AB%E3%80%87%E4%B9%9D%E5%B9%B4" title="一八〇九年 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="一八〇九年" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809" title="1809 – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="1809" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809" title="1809 – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="1809" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809%E5%B9%B4" title="1809年 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="1809年" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809" title="1809 – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="1809" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809%E5%B9%B4" title="1809年 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="1809年" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809" title="1809 – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="1809" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809" title="1809 – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="1809" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809" title="1809 – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="1809" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809%E5%B9%B4" title="1809年 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="1809年" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809" title="1809 – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="1809" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809" title="1809 – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="1809" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q6919#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li 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class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the year 1809. For the Swedish/Finnish government project, see <a href="/wiki/Year_1809" title="Year 1809">Year 1809</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Calendar year</div> <table class="infobox" style="text-align: center;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_decades,_centuries,_and_millennia" title="List of decades, centuries, and millennia">Millennium</a>: </th> <td><a href="/wiki/2nd_millennium" title="2nd millennium">2nd millennium</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_decades,_centuries,_and_millennia" title="List of decades, centuries, and millennia">Centuries</a>: </th> <td><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/18th_century" title="18th century">18th century</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/19th_century" title="19th century">19th century</a> </b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/20th_century" title="20th century">20th century</a></li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_decades,_centuries,_and_millennia" title="List of decades, centuries, and millennia">Decades</a>: </th> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1780s" title="1780s">1780s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1790s" title="1790s">1790s</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1800s_(decade)" title="1800s (decade)">1800s</a> </b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1810s" title="1810s">1810s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1820s" title="1820s">1820s</a></li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_years" title="List of years">Years</a>: </th> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AD_1806" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1806">1806</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1807" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1807">1807</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1808" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1808">1808</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/AD_1809" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1809">1809</a> </b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1810" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1810">1810</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1811" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1811">1811</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1812" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1812">1812</a></li></ul> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/Category:1809" title="Category:1809">1809 by topic</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Humanities</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1809_in_archaeology" title="1809 in archaeology">Archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1809_in_architecture" title="1809 in architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1809_in_art" title="1809 in art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1809_in_literature" title="1809 in literature">Literature</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1809_in_poetry" title="1809 in poetry">Poetry</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1809_in_music" title="1809 in music">Music</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> By country</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1809_in_Australia" title="1809 in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1809_in_Brazil" class="mw-redirect" title="1809 in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1809_in_Canada" title="1809 in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1809_in_Denmark" title="1809 in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1809_in_France" title="1809 in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1809_in_Germany" title="1809 in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1809_in_New_Zealand" title="1809 in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1809_in_Norway" title="1809 in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1809_in_Russia" title="1809 in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1809_in_South_Africa" title="1809 in South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1809_in_Spain" title="1809 in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1809_in_Sweden" title="1809 in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1809_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="1809 in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1809_in_the_United_States" title="1809 in the United States">United States</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Other topics</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1809_in_rail_transport" title="1809 in rail transport">Rail transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1809_in_science" title="1809 in science">Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1809_in_sports" title="1809 in sports">Sports</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Lists of leaders</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_entities_in_the_19th_century" title="List of political entities in the 19th century">Sovereign states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_leaders_in_1809" class="mw-redirect" title="List of state leaders in 1809">Sovereign state leaders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_dependent_territories_in_the_19th_century" title="List of governors of dependent territories in the 19th century">Territorial governors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_19th-century_religious_leaders" title="List of 19th-century religious leaders">Religious leaders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1809_in_law" title="Category:1809 in law">Law</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Birth and death categories</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1809_births" title="Category:1809 births">Births</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1809_deaths" title="Category:1809 deaths">Deaths</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Establishments and disestablishments categories</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1809_establishments" title="Category:1809 establishments">Establishments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1809_disestablishments" title="Category:1809 disestablishments">Disestablishments</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Works category</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1809_works" title="Category:1809 works">Works</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:C19_year_in_topic" title="Template:C19 year in topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:C19_year_in_topic" title="Template talk:C19 year in topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:C19_year_in_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:C19 year in topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="infobox vevent" style="width:22em"><caption style="font-size:125%"><span class="summary dtstart">1809 in various <a href="/wiki/Calendar_era" title="Calendar era">calendars</a></span></caption><tbody><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Gregorian_calendar" title="Gregorian calendar">Gregorian calendar</a></td><td>1809<br /><span style="font-family: serif;"><i>MDCCCIX</i></span></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Ab_urbe_condita" title="Ab urbe condita">Ab urbe condita</a></td><td>2562</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Armenian_calendar" title="Armenian calendar">Armenian calendar</a></td><td>1258<br />ԹՎ ՌՄԾԸ</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_calendar" title="Assyrian calendar">Assyrian calendar</a></td><td>6559</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Balinese_saka_calendar" title="Balinese saka calendar">Balinese saka calendar</a></td><td>1730–1731</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Bengali_calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Bengali calendar">Bengali calendar</a></td><td>1216</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Berber_calendar" title="Berber calendar">Berber calendar</a></td><td>2759</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Regnal_years_of_English_and_British_monarchs" title="Regnal years of English and British monarchs">British Regnal year</a></td><td>49 <a href="/wiki/George_III" title="George III">Geo. 3</a> – 50 <a href="/wiki/George_III" title="George III">Geo. 3</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_calendar" title="Buddhist calendar">Buddhist calendar</a></td><td>2353</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Burmese_calendar" title="Burmese calendar">Burmese calendar</a></td><td>1171</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_calendar" title="Byzantine calendar">Byzantine calendar</a></td><td>7317–7318</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Chinese_calendar" title="Chinese calendar">Chinese calendar</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Sexagenary_cycle" title="Sexagenary cycle">戊辰</a>年 (Earth <a href="/wiki/Dragon_(zodiac)" title="Dragon (zodiac)">Dragon</a>)<br />4506 or 4299<br />    <i>— to —</i><br />己巳年 (Earth <a href="/wiki/Snake_(zodiac)" title="Snake (zodiac)">Snake</a>)<br />4507 or 4300</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Coptic_calendar" title="Coptic calendar">Coptic calendar</a></td><td>1525–1526</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Discordian_calendar" title="Discordian calendar">Discordian calendar</a></td><td>2975</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_calendar" title="Ethiopian calendar">Ethiopian calendar</a></td><td>1801–1802</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_calendar" title="Hebrew calendar">Hebrew calendar</a></td><td>5569–5570</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Hindu_calendar" title="Hindu calendar">Hindu calendars</a></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> - <i><a href="/wiki/Vikram_Samvat" title="Vikram Samvat">Vikram Samvat</a></i></td><td>1865–1866</td></tr><tr><td> - <i><a href="/wiki/Indian_national_calendar" title="Indian national calendar">Shaka Samvat</a></i></td><td>1730–1731</td></tr><tr><td> - <i><a href="/wiki/Kali_Yuga" title="Kali Yuga">Kali Yuga</a></i></td><td>4909–4910</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Holocene_calendar" title="Holocene calendar">Holocene calendar</a></td><td>11809</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Igbo_calendar" title="Igbo calendar">Igbo calendar</a></td><td>809–810</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Iranian_calendars" title="Iranian calendars">Iranian calendar</a></td><td>1187–1188</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Islamic_calendar" title="Islamic calendar">Islamic calendar</a></td><td>1223–1224</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Japanese_calendar" title="Japanese calendar">Japanese calendar</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Bunka" title="Bunka">Bunka</a> 6<br />(文化６年)</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Javanese_calendar" title="Javanese calendar">Javanese calendar</a></td><td>1735–1736</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Julian_calendar" title="Julian calendar">Julian calendar</a></td><td>Gregorian minus 12 days</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Korean_calendar" title="Korean calendar">Korean calendar</a></td><td>4142</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Minguo_calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Minguo calendar">Minguo calendar</a></td><td>103 before <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)" title="Republic of China (1912–1949)">ROC</a><br />民前103年</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Nanakshahi_calendar" title="Nanakshahi calendar">Nanakshahi calendar</a></td><td>341</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Thai_solar_calendar" title="Thai solar calendar">Thai solar calendar</a></td><td>2351–2352</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_calendar" title="Tibetan calendar">Tibetan calendar</a></td><td>阳土龙年<br />(male Earth-<a href="/wiki/Dragon_(zodiac)" title="Dragon (zodiac)">Dragon</a>)<br />1935 or 1554 or 782<br />    <i>— to —</i><br />阴土蛇年<br />(female Earth-<a href="/wiki/Snake_(zodiac)" title="Snake (zodiac)">Snake</a>)<br />1936 or 1555 or 783</td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:1809" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:1809">1809</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Battle_of_Corunna.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Battle_of_Corunna.jpg/220px-Battle_of_Corunna.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Battle_of_Corunna.jpg/330px-Battle_of_Corunna.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Battle_of_Corunna.jpg/440px-Battle_of_Corunna.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1944" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption> <a href="/wiki/January_16" title="January 16">January 16</a>: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Corunna" title="Battle of Corunna">Battle of Corunna</a></figcaption></figure> <p><b>1809</b> (<a href="/wiki/Roman_numerals" title="Roman numerals">MDCCCIX</a>) was a <a href="/wiki/Common_year_starting_on_Sunday" title="Common year starting on Sunday">common year starting on Sunday</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Gregorian_calendar" title="Gregorian calendar">Gregorian calendar</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Common_year_starting_on_Friday" title="Common year starting on Friday">common year starting on Friday</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Julian_calendar" title="Julian calendar">Julian calendar</a>, the 1809th year of the <a href="/wiki/Common_Era" title="Common Era">Common Era</a> (CE) and <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Anno_Domini" title="Anno Domini">Anno Domini</a></i></span> (AD) designations, the 809th year of the <a href="/wiki/2nd_millennium" title="2nd millennium">2nd millennium</a>, the 9th year of the <a href="/wiki/19th_century" title="19th century">19th century</a>, and the 10th and last year of the <a href="/wiki/1800s_(decade)" title="1800s (decade)">1800s</a> decade. As of the start of 1809, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923. </p><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Calendar year</div> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Events">Events</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1809&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Events"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="January–March"><span id="January.E2.80.93March"></span>January–March</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1809&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: January–March"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sir_John_Moore_(by_Sir_Thomas_Lawrence)_-_original_colors_version.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Sir_John_Moore_%28by_Sir_Thomas_Lawrence%29_-_original_colors_version.jpg/220px-Sir_John_Moore_%28by_Sir_Thomas_Lawrence%29_-_original_colors_version.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="270" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Sir_John_Moore_%28by_Sir_Thomas_Lawrence%29_-_original_colors_version.jpg/330px-Sir_John_Moore_%28by_Sir_Thomas_Lawrence%29_-_original_colors_version.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Sir_John_Moore_%28by_Sir_Thomas_Lawrence%29_-_original_colors_version.jpg/440px-Sir_John_Moore_%28by_Sir_Thomas_Lawrence%29_-_original_colors_version.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="2947" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/January_16" title="January 16">January 16</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Moore_(British_Army_officer)" title="John Moore (British Army officer)">Sir John Moore</a> is killed at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Corunna" title="Battle of Corunna">Battle of Corunna</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fulton.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Fulton.jpg/220px-Fulton.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="269" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Fulton.jpg/330px-Fulton.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Fulton.jpg/440px-Fulton.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1620" data-file-height="1984" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/February_11" title="February 11">February 11</a>: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Fulton" title="Robert Fulton">Robert Fulton</a> patents <a href="/wiki/Steamboat" title="Steamboat">steamboat</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_5" title="January 5">January 5</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_the_Dardanelles" title="Treaty of the Dardanelles">Treaty of the Dardanelles</a>, between the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>, is concluded.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_10" title="January 10">January 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Peninsular_War" title="Peninsular War">Peninsular War</a> – French Marshal <a href="/wiki/Jean_Lannes" title="Jean Lannes">Jean Lannes</a> begins the <a href="/wiki/Second_Siege_of_Zaragoza" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Siege of Zaragoza">Siege of Zaragoza</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_16" title="January 16">January 16</a> – Peninsular War – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Corunna" title="Battle of Corunna">Battle of Corunna</a> in <a href="/wiki/Galicia_(Spain)" title="Galicia (Spain)">Galicia (Spain)</a>: The British (under General Sir <a href="/wiki/John_Moore_(British_Army_officer)" title="John Moore (British Army officer)">John Moore</a>, who is killed) resist an attempt by the French (under <a href="/wiki/Jean-de-Dieu_Soult" title="Jean-de-Dieu Soult">Marshal Soult</a>) to prevent them embarking.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_3" title="February 3">February 3</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Illinois_Territory" title="Illinois Territory">Illinois Territory</a> is created from the western part of the <a href="/wiki/Indiana_Territory" title="Indiana Territory">Indiana Territory</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_11" title="February 11">February 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Robert_Fulton" title="Robert Fulton">Robert Fulton</a> patents the <a href="/wiki/Steamboat" title="Steamboat">steamboat</a> in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_12" title="February 12">February 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin">Charles Darwin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln">Abraham Lincoln</a> are born.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_17" title="February 17">February 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Miami_University" title="Miami University">Miami University</a> (Ohio) is established (by Act of February 2) on the township of land required to be set aside for it, under the conditions of the <a href="/wiki/Miami_Purchase" class="mw-redirect" title="Miami Purchase">Miami Purchase</a> in <a href="/wiki/1794" title="1794">1794</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_20" title="February 20">February 20</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_v._Peters,_9_U.S._115_(1809)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="United States v. Peters, 9 U.S. 115 (1809) (page does not exist)">United States v. Peters</a></i>: The <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">Supreme Court of the United States</a> rules that the power of the federal government is greater than any individual state.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Second_Siege_of_Zaragoza" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Siege of Zaragoza">Siege of Zaragoza</a> ends as Jose Palafox surrenders. Over 60,000 have been killed, during the 60 day siege.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_25" title="February 25">February 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Valls" title="Battle of Valls">Battle of Valls</a>: Spanish forces are defeated in <a href="/wiki/Catalonia" title="Catalonia">Catalonia</a> by Marshal <a href="/wiki/Laurent_de_Gouvion_Saint-Cyr" title="Laurent de Gouvion Saint-Cyr">Laurent de Gouvion Saint-Cyr</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_27" title="February 27">February 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Action_of_27_February_1809" title="Action of 27 February 1809">Action of 27 February 1809</a>: Captain <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Dubourdieu" title="Bernard Dubourdieu">Bernard Dubourdieu</a> captures <a href="/wiki/HMS_Proserpine_(1807)" class="mw-redirect" title="HMS Proserpine (1807)">HMS <i>Proserpine</i></a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_1" title="March 1">March 1</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Embargo_Act_of_1807" title="Embargo Act of 1807">Embargo Act of 1807</a> is repealed in the United States; the <a href="/wiki/Non-Intercourse_Act_(1809)" title="Non-Intercourse Act (1809)">Non-Intercourse Act</a> replaces it.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_4" title="March 4">March 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_James_Madison" title="First inauguration of James Madison">James Madison is sworn in</a> as the fourth President of the United States.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_13" title="March 13">March 13</a> – A military <a href="/wiki/Coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="Coup d'état">coup</a> ousts <a href="/wiki/Gustav_IV_Adolf_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden">Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden</a>; he is confined in <a href="/wiki/Gripsholm_Castle" title="Gripsholm Castle">Gripsholm Castle</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_29" title="March 29">March 29</a> <ul><li>At the <a href="/wiki/Diet_of_Porvoo" title="Diet of Porvoo">Diet of Porvoo</a>, Finland's <a href="/wiki/Riksdag_of_the_Estates" title="Riksdag of the Estates">four Estates</a> pledge allegiance to <a href="/wiki/Alexander_I_of_Russia" title="Alexander I of Russia">Alexander I of Russia</a>, commencing the secession of the future <a href="/wiki/Grand_Principality_of_Finland" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Principality of Finland">Grand Principality of Finland</a> from <a href="/wiki/Lands_of_Sweden" title="Lands of Sweden">Sweden</a>. The Emperor, in return, promises to retain and uphold former laws and privileges, as well as the dominant Lutheran religion. His pledge is later interpreted by the Finns as a confirmation of <a href="/wiki/Swedish_Constitution_of_1772" class="mw-redirect" title="Swedish Constitution of 1772">constitutional laws</a>, which had, effectively, established <a href="/wiki/Grand_Principality_of_Finland" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Principality of Finland">Finland</a> as a separate state in real union with <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russia</a>.</li> <li>King <a href="/wiki/Gustav_IV_Adolf_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden">Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden</a> abdicates after the <a href="/wiki/Coup_of_1809" title="Coup of 1809">Coup of 1809</a> and is later exiled.</li> <li>Peninsular War – <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Porto" title="First Battle of Porto">First Battle of Porto</a>: 8,000 Portuguese soldiers are killed in a rout after defeat by the French under <a href="/wiki/Marshal_Soult" class="mw-redirect" title="Marshal Soult">Marshal Soult</a>. Thousands of fleeing civilians drown when a pontoon bridge collapses.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Medell%C3%ADn" title="Battle of Medellín">Battle of Medellín</a> at <a href="/wiki/Extremadura" title="Extremadura">Extremadura</a>: Massive casualties are suffered, in a rout by French cavalry, under <a href="/wiki/Marshal_Victor" class="mw-redirect" title="Marshal Victor">Marshal Victor</a>.</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="April–June"><span id="April.E2.80.93June"></span>April–June</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1809&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: April–June"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/April_9" title="April 9">April 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Tyrol_(state)" title="Tyrol (state)">Tiroleans</a> <a href="/wiki/Tyrolean_Rebellion" title="Tyrolean Rebellion">rise</a>, under the command of <a href="/wiki/Andreas_Hofer" title="Andreas Hofer">Andreas Hofer</a>, against French and <a href="/wiki/Bavaria" title="Bavaria">Bavarian</a> occupation.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_10" title="April 10">April 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars" title="Napoleonic Wars">Napoleonic Wars</a> – The <a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Fifth_Coalition" title="War of the Fifth Coalition">War of the Fifth Coalition</a> begins when forces of the <a href="/wiki/Austrian_Empire" title="Austrian Empire">Austrian Empire</a> invade <a href="/wiki/Bavaria" title="Bavaria">Bavaria</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_11" title="April 11">April 11</a>–<a href="/wiki/April_15" title="April 15">15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars" title="Napoleonic Wars">Napoleonic Wars</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Basque_Roads" title="Battle of the Basque Roads">Battle of the Basque Roads</a>: The British <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a> defeats the French fleet in the mouth of the <a href="/wiki/Charente_(river)" title="Charente (river)">Charente</a>, although officers on both sides face subsequent <a href="/wiki/Courts-martial" class="mw-redirect" title="Courts-martial">courts-martial</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_18" title="April 18">April 18</a> – The <a href="/wiki/2,000_Guineas_Stakes" class="mw-redirect" title="2,000 Guineas Stakes">2,000 Guineas Stakes</a> horse race is first run in England.<sup id="cite_ref-CBH_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CBH-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_19" title="April 19">April 19</a> – War of the Fifth Coalition: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Raszyn_(1809)" title="Battle of Raszyn (1809)">Battle of Raszyn</a>: The armies of the <a href="/wiki/Austrian_Empire" title="Austrian Empire">Austrian Empire</a> are defeated by the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Warsaw" title="Duchy of Warsaw">Duchy of Warsaw</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Teugen-Hausen" title="Battle of Teugen-Hausen">Battle of Teugen-Hausen</a>: The armies of the Austrian Empire are defeated by the French and their Bavarian allies.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_20" title="April 20">April 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Abensberg" title="Battle of Abensberg">Battle of Abensberg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bavaria" title="Bavaria">Bavaria</a>: <a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoleon</a> defeats Austria.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_21" title="April 21">April 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Landshut_(1809)" title="Battle of Landshut (1809)">Battle of Landshut</a>: <a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoleon</a> defeats Austria, in yet another battle.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_22" title="April 22">April 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Eckm%C3%BChl" title="Battle of Eckmühl">Battle of Eckmühl</a>: French troops under Napoleon I and Marshal <a href="/wiki/Louis-Nicolas_Davout" title="Louis-Nicolas Davout">Davout</a> defeat the Austrians, under <a href="/wiki/Archduke_Charles,_Duke_of_Teschen" title="Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen">Archduke Charles</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_23" title="April 23">April 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ratisbon" title="Battle of Ratisbon">Battle of Ratisbon</a>: <a href="/wiki/Napoleon_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Napoleon I">Napoleon I</a> fights his last battle during the Bavarian phase of the <a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Fifth_Coalition" title="War of the Fifth Coalition">War of the Fifth Coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_3" title="May 3">May 3</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nimla_(1809)" title="Battle of Nimla (1809)">Battle of Nimla</a> occurs, which allows <a href="/wiki/Mahmud_Shah_Durrani" title="Mahmud Shah Durrani">Mahmud Shah Durrani</a> to seize the <a href="/wiki/Durrani_Empire" title="Durrani Empire">Durrani throne</a> from his brother, <a href="/wiki/Shah_Shuja_Durrani" class="mw-redirect" title="Shah Shuja Durrani">Shah Shuja Durrani</a>. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ebelsberg" title="Battle of Ebelsberg">Battle of Ebelsberg</a>: <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Mass%C3%A9na" title="André Masséna">André Masséna</a> defeats Austrian General <a href="/wiki/Johann_von_Hiller" title="Johann von Hiller">Johann von Hiller</a>, forcing him to retreat.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_5" title="May 5">May 5</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Kies" class="mw-redirect" title="Mary Kies">Mary Kies</a> is the first American woman to be awarded a <a href="/wiki/Patent" title="Patent">patent</a> (for a technique of weaving <a href="/wiki/Straw_hat" title="Straw hat">straw hats</a> with <a href="/wiki/Silk" title="Silk">silk</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yarn" title="Yarn">thread</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Swiss_canton" class="mw-redirect" title="Swiss canton">Swiss canton</a> of <a href="/wiki/Aargau" title="Aargau">Aargau</a> declares Jews citizens.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_10" title="May 10">May 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Gustav_IV_Adolf_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden">Gustav IV Adolf</a> is officially deposed from the Swedish throne, by the <a href="/wiki/Riksdag_of_the_Estates" title="Riksdag of the Estates">Riksdag of the Estates</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_10" title="May 10">May 10</a>–<a href="/wiki/May_11" title="May 11">11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Peninsular_War" title="Peninsular War">Peninsular War</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Grij%C3%B3" title="Battle of Grijó">Battle of Grijó</a>: the <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Portuguese_Army" title="Anglo-Portuguese Army">Anglo-Portuguese Army</a>, commanded by <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Wellesley,_1st_Duke_of_Wellington" title="Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington">Sir Arthur Wellesley</a>, defeats the French army, commanded by <a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Jean_de_Dieu_Soult" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicolas Jean de Dieu Soult">Marshal Soult</a>, in Portugal.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_12" title="May 12">May 12</a> – Peninsular War – <a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Porto" title="Second Battle of Porto">Second Battle of Porto</a>: The Anglo-Portuguese Army, commanded by Wellesley, drives the French army, commanded by Marshal Soult, out of <a href="/wiki/Porto" title="Porto">Porto</a>, and forces them to retreat from the country.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_17" title="May 17">May 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Napoleon_I_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Napoleon I of France">Napoleon I of France</a> orders the annexation of the <a href="/wiki/Papal_States" title="Papal States">Papal States</a> to the French Empire. When he announces that the Pope's secular power has ended, the Pope <a href="/wiki/Excommunication" title="Excommunication">excommunicates</a> him.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_21" title="May 21">May 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Aspern-Essling" title="Battle of Aspern-Essling">Battle of Aspern-Essling</a> begins.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_22" title="May 22">May 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Aspern-Essling" title="Battle of Aspern-Essling">Battle of Aspern-Essling</a>: Austrian troops under <a href="/wiki/Archduke_Karl" class="mw-redirect" title="Archduke Karl">Archduke Karl</a> beat the French under <a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoleon</a>, in a hard-fought battle.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_24" title="May 24">May 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/HM_Prison_Dartmoor" title="HM Prison Dartmoor">Dartmoor Prison</a> opens in England, to house French prisoners of war.<sup id="cite_ref-Pocket_On_This_Day_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pocket_On_This_Day-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_31" title="May 31">May 31</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mauritius_campaign_of_1809%E2%80%9311" class="mw-redirect" title="Mauritius campaign of 1809–11">Mauritius campaign of 1809–11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Action_of_31_May_1809" title="Action of 31 May 1809">Action of 31 May 1809</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Bengal" title="Bay of Bengal">Bay of Bengal</a>: The <a href="/wiki/French_frigate_Caroline_(1806)" class="mw-redirect" title="French frigate Caroline (1806)">French frigate <i>Caroline</i></a>, operating from <a href="/wiki/Isle_de_France_(Mauritius)" title="Isle de France (Mauritius)">Isle de France (Mauritius)</a>, captures most of a British <a href="/wiki/East_India_Company" title="East India Company">East India Company</a> fleet</li> <li>The famous composer <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Haydn" title="Joseph Haydn">Joseph Haydn</a> dies in <a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a> at age 77 following Napoleon’s second siege of Vienna</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_6" title="June 6">June 6</a> – Sweden promulgates a new <a href="/wiki/Instrument_of_Government_(1809)" title="Instrument of Government (1809)">Instrument of Government</a>, which restores political power to the <a href="/wiki/Riksdag_of_the_Estates" title="Riksdag of the Estates">Riksdag of the Estates</a>, after authoritarian rule since <a href="/wiki/1772" title="1772">1772</a>. On the same day, <a href="/wiki/Charles_XIII_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles XIII of Sweden">Duke Charles</a> (uncle of the deposed king Gustav IV Adolf) is elected King, under the name Charles XIII.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_7" title="June 7">June 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Shoja_Shah" class="mw-redirect" title="Shoja Shah">Shoja Shah</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Durrani_Empire" title="Durrani Empire">Durrani Empire</a> signs a treaty with the British; only weeks later, he is succeeded by <a href="/wiki/Mahmud_Shah_Durrani" title="Mahmud Shah Durrani">Mahmud Shah</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_14" title="June 14">June 14</a> – A French victory, in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Raab" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Raab">battle of Raab</a>, prevents <a href="/wiki/Archduke_John_of_Austria" title="Archduke John of Austria">archduke John of Austria</a> from bringing any significant force to the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Wagram" title="Battle of Wagram">Battle of Wagram</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_26" title="June 26">June 26</a> – Danish adventurer <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B8rgen_J%C3%B8rgensen" title="Jørgen Jørgensen">Jørgen Jørgensen</a> deposes Count <a href="/wiki/Frederich_Christopher_Trampe,_Count_of_Trampe" title="Frederich Christopher Trampe, Count of Trampe">Frederich Trampe</a> as governor of Iceland in the <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B8rgen_J%C3%B8rgensen%27s_Revolution" title="Jørgen Jørgensen's Revolution">Revolution of 1809</a> and declares himself "Protector of Iceland".</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="July–September"><span id="July.E2.80.93September"></span>July–September</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1809&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: July–September"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lord_Castlereagh_Marquess_of_Londonderry.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Lord_Castlereagh_Marquess_of_Londonderry.jpg/220px-Lord_Castlereagh_Marquess_of_Londonderry.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="264" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Lord_Castlereagh_Marquess_of_Londonderry.jpg/330px-Lord_Castlereagh_Marquess_of_Londonderry.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Lord_Castlereagh_Marquess_of_Londonderry.jpg/440px-Lord_Castlereagh_Marquess_of_Londonderry.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1278" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Lord_Castlereagh_(painting)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Castlereagh (painting)">Lord Castlereagh</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Lawrence" title="Thomas Lawrence">Thomas Lawrence</a>. The Irish politician fought a duel with his colleague <a href="/wiki/George_Canning" title="George Canning">George Canning</a> on <a href="/wiki/Putney_Heath" class="mw-redirect" title="Putney Heath">Putney Heath</a>.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/July_5" title="July 5">July 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Wagram" title="Battle of Wagram">Battle of Wagram</a> begins.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_6" title="July 6">July 6</a> – French troops arrest <a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_VII" title="Pope Pius VII">Pope Pius VII</a>, and take him to <a href="/wiki/Liguria" title="Liguria">Liguria</a>. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoleon</a> defeats the Austrians at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Wagram" title="Battle of Wagram">Battle of Wagram</a>.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_8" title="July 8">July 8</a>–<a href="/wiki/July_9" title="July 9">9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Finnish_War" title="Finnish War">Finnish War</a> – <a href="/wiki/Naval_battle_of_Porkala" class="mw-redirect" title="Naval battle of Porkala">Naval Battle of Porkala</a>: The Swedish archipelago fleet defeats the Russians.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_10" title="July 10">July 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Znaim" title="Battle of Znaim">Battle of Znaim</a> begins.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_11" title="July 11">July 11</a> French Marshal, <a href="/wiki/Auguste_de_Marmont" title="Auguste de Marmont">Auguste de Marmont</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Mass%C3%A9na" title="André Masséna">André Masséna</a> fights inconclusively against the Austrians, in The <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Znaim" title="Battle of Znaim">Battle of Znaim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_16" title="July 16">July 16</a> – The city of <a href="/wiki/La_Paz" title="La Paz">La Paz</a> (in modern-day <a href="/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivia</a>) declares its independence from the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Crown" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish Crown">Spanish Crown</a> and forms the <i><a href="/wiki/La_Paz_revolution" title="La Paz revolution">Junta Tuitiva</a></i>, the first independent government in Spanish America, led by <a href="/wiki/Pedro_Domingo_Murillo" title="Pedro Domingo Murillo">Pedro Domingo Murillo</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_28" title="July 28">July 28</a> – Peninsula War – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Talavera" title="Battle of Talavera">Battle of Talavera</a>: Sir <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Wellesley,_1st_Duke_of_Wellington" title="Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington">Arthur Wellesley</a>'s British, Portuguese and Spanish army defeats a French force.<sup id="cite_ref-CBH_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CBH-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_30" title="July 30">July 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Walcheren_Campaign" title="Walcheren Campaign">Walcheren Campaign</a>: A British invasion army lands on <a href="/wiki/Walcheren" title="Walcheren">Walcheren</a>.</li> <li>August – The <a href="/wiki/USS_Constitution" title="USS Constitution">USS <i>Constitution</i></a> ("Old Ironsides") is recommissioned as the flagship of the North Atlantic Squadron.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_8" title="August 8">August 8</a> – Seventy disciples of <a href="/wiki/Vilna_Gaon" title="Vilna Gaon">Vilna Gaon</a> arrive in <a href="/wiki/Palestine_(region)" title="Palestine (region)">Palestine</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_10" title="August 10">August 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ecuador" title="Ecuador">Ecuador</a> declares independence from Spain.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_11" title="August 11">August 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Almonacid" title="Battle of Almonacid">Battle of Almonacid</a> de Toledo: A poorly led Spanish army is defeated by King <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Bonaparte" title="Joseph Bonaparte">Joseph Bonaparte</a>'s French army.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_17" title="September 17">September 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Finnish_War" title="Finnish War">Finnish War</a>: The <a href="/wiki/Peace_of_Hamina" class="mw-redirect" title="Peace of Hamina">Peace of Hamina</a> is signed between Russia and Sweden. The future <a href="/wiki/Grand_Principality_of_Finland" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Principality of Finland">Grand Principality of Finland</a> is ceded to Russia by the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Fredrikshamn" title="Treaty of Fredrikshamn">Treaty of Fredrikshamn</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_18" title="September 18">September 18</a> – A new theatre for the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Opera_House" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Opera House">Royal Opera House</a> opens in London to replace the first, burnt down in a fire in <a href="/wiki/1808" title="1808">1808</a>. The price increases lead to the <a href="/wiki/Old_Price_Riots,_1809" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Price Riots, 1809">Old Price Riots</a>, which last for 64 days.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_21" title="September 21">September 21</a> – British <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_War_and_the_Colonies" title="Secretary of State for War and the Colonies">Secretary of War</a> <a href="/wiki/Lord_Castlereagh" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Castlereagh">Lord Castlereagh</a> and <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Secretary" title="Foreign Secretary">Foreign Secretary</a> <a href="/wiki/George_Canning" title="George Canning">George Canning</a> meet in a duel on <a href="/wiki/Putney_Heath" class="mw-redirect" title="Putney Heath">Putney Heath</a>, with Castlereagh wounding Canning in the thigh.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="October–December"><span id="October.E2.80.93December"></span>October–December</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1809&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: October–December"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/October_8" title="October 8">October 8</a> – Prince <a href="/wiki/Klemens_von_Metternich" title="Klemens von Metternich">Klemens von Metternich</a> becomes <a href="/wiki/Foreign_minister" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign minister">foreign minister</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Austrian_Empire" title="Austrian Empire">Austrian Empire</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_11" title="October 11">October 11</a> – Along the <a href="/wiki/Natchez_Trace" title="Natchez Trace">Natchez Trace</a> in <a href="/wiki/Tennessee" title="Tennessee">Tennessee</a>, explorer <a href="/wiki/Meriwether_Lewis" title="Meriwether Lewis">Meriwether Lewis</a> dies under mysterious circumstances at an inn called Grinder's Stand.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_14" title="October 14">October 14</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Sch%C3%B6nbrunn" title="Treaty of Schönbrunn">Treaty of Schönbrunn</a> cedes the <a href="/wiki/Illyrian_Provinces" title="Illyrian Provinces">Illyrian Provinces</a> to France, and ensures peace between The <a href="/wiki/First_French_Empire" title="First French Empire">First French Empire</a>, and The <a href="/wiki/Austrian_Empire" title="Austrian Empire">Austrian Empire</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_25" title="October 25">October 25</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Golden_Jubilee_of_George_III" title="Golden Jubilee of George III">Golden Jubilee of George III</a> marked the forty-ninth anniversary of the accession of King <a href="/wiki/George_III" title="George III">George III</a> and his entrance into the 50th year of his reign as King of Great Britain.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_18" title="November 18">November 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars" title="Napoleonic Wars">Napoleonic Wars</a>: <a href="/wiki/Action_of_18_November_1809" title="Action of 18 November 1809">Action of 18 November 1809</a> – In the <a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Bengal" title="Bay of Bengal">Bay of Bengal</a>, a French <a href="/wiki/Frigate" title="Frigate">frigate</a> squadron captures three British <a href="/wiki/East_Indiamen" class="mw-redirect" title="East Indiamen">East Indiamen</a> mainly carrying recruits for the <a href="/wiki/Presidency_armies" title="Presidency armies">presidency armies</a> in India.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_19" title="November 19">November 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Oca%C3%B1a" title="Battle of Ocaña">Battle of Ocaña</a>: A Spanish army is ridden down, and 4,000 are killed and wounded by French forces.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_21" title="November 21">November 21</a> – First stone laid of first '<a href="/wiki/Guided_bus" title="Guided bus">guided bus</a>' passenger wagonway <a href="/wiki/Gloucester_and_Cheltenham_Tramroad" title="Gloucester and Cheltenham Tramroad">Gloucester and Cheltenham Tramroad</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_25" title="November 25">November 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Bathurst_(diplomat)" title="Benjamin Bathurst (diplomat)">Benjamin Bathurst</a>, a British <a href="/wiki/Diplomat" title="Diplomat">diplomat</a>, mysteriously disappears (possibly murdered) in <a href="/wiki/Perleberg" title="Perleberg">Perleberg</a>, west of Berlin.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December" title="December">December</a> – <a href="/wiki/Boyd_massacre" title="Boyd massacre"><i>Boyd</i> massacre</a>: <a href="/wiki/Whangaroa" title="Whangaroa">Whangaroa</a> <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_people" title="Māori people">Māori people</a> kill and eat 66 crew and passengers of the <a href="/wiki/Brigantine" title="Brigantine">brigantine</a> <i>Boyd</i> in New Zealand.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_25" title="December 25">December 25</a> – American physician <a href="/wiki/Ephraim_McDowell" title="Ephraim McDowell">Ephraim McDowell</a> performs the first ovariotomy, removing a 22-pound tumor.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_26" title="December 26">December 26</a> – A British invasion force leaves <a href="/wiki/Vlissingen" title="Vlissingen">Vlissingen</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_30" title="December 30">December 30</a> – Wearing masks at balls is forbidden in <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a>, <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Date_unknown">Date unknown</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1809&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Date unknown"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Combe" title="William Combe">William Combe</a> begins publication of the verse <i>Tour of Dr. Syntax in search of the Picturesque</i> in Ackermann's <i>Political Magazine</i> (London), illustrated with <a href="/wiki/Cartoon" title="Cartoon">cartoons</a> by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Rowlandson" title="Thomas Rowlandson">Thomas Rowlandson</a>, depicting comic and ridiculous scenes involving a hapless country physician, and coming to represent <a href="/wiki/British_Regency" class="mw-redirect" title="British Regency">British Regency</a> humour.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Poinsot" title="Louis Poinsot">Louis Poinsot</a> describes the two remaining <a href="/wiki/Kepler%E2%80%93Poinsot_polyhedra" class="mw-redirect" title="Kepler–Poinsot polyhedra">Kepler–Poinsot polyhedra</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Lamarck" title="Jean-Baptiste Lamarck">Jean-Baptiste Lamarck</a> publishes <i><a href="/wiki/Philosophie_Zoologique" class="mw-redirect" title="Philosophie Zoologique">Philosophie Zoologique</a></i>, outlining a (wrong) concept of <a href="/wiki/Evolution" title="Evolution">evolution</a>, by acquisition or loss of inherited characteristics, through use or disuse.</li> <li>British recruits to the <a href="/wiki/British_East_India_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="British East India Company">British East India Company</a> (and subsequently to the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Civil_Service_(British_India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Civil Service (British India)">Indian Civil Service</a>) are required to learn at least one Indian language fluently.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arorae" title="Arorae">Arorae</a> an atoll of the <a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Islands" title="Gilbert Islands">Gilbert Islands</a> was sighted by Captain John Patterson, on British brig <i>Elizabeth</i>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Births">Births</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1809&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Births"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="January–June"><span id="January.E2.80.93June"></span>January–June</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1809&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: January–June"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti 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(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:232px;max-width:232px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:116px;max-width:116px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:150px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Abraham_Lincoln_head_on_shoulders_photo_portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Abraham_Lincoln_head_on_shoulders_photo_portrait.jpg/114px-Abraham_Lincoln_head_on_shoulders_photo_portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="114" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Abraham_Lincoln_head_on_shoulders_photo_portrait.jpg/171px-Abraham_Lincoln_head_on_shoulders_photo_portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Abraham_Lincoln_head_on_shoulders_photo_portrait.jpg/228px-Abraham_Lincoln_head_on_shoulders_photo_portrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2850" data-file-height="3742" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:112px;max-width:112px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:150px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Charles_Darwin_1880.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Charles_Darwin_1880.jpg/110px-Charles_Darwin_1880.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Charles_Darwin_1880.jpg/165px-Charles_Darwin_1880.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Charles_Darwin_1880.jpg/220px-Charles_Darwin_1880.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2986" data-file-height="4096" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flow-root"><div class="thumbcaption" style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln">Abraham Lincoln</a> and <a href="/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin">Charles Darwin</a>, b. February 12, 1809</div></div></div></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Braille.jpg/100px-Braille.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Braille.jpg/150px-Braille.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Braille.jpg/200px-Braille.jpg 2x" data-file-width="384" data-file-height="397" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Louis_Braille" title="Louis Braille">Louis Braille</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Edgar_Allan_Poe,_circa_1849,_restored,_squared_off.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Edgar_Allan_Poe%2C_circa_1849%2C_restored%2C_squared_off.jpg/100px-Edgar_Allan_Poe%2C_circa_1849%2C_restored%2C_squared_off.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Edgar_Allan_Poe%2C_circa_1849%2C_restored%2C_squared_off.jpg/150px-Edgar_Allan_Poe%2C_circa_1849%2C_restored%2C_squared_off.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Edgar_Allan_Poe%2C_circa_1849%2C_restored%2C_squared_off.jpg/200px-Edgar_Allan_Poe%2C_circa_1849%2C_restored%2C_squared_off.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1556" data-file-height="2188" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Edgar_Allan_Poe" title="Edgar Allan Poe">Edgar Allan Poe</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Empress_sin-jung-ik2.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Empress_sin-jung-ik2.PNG/100px-Empress_sin-jung-ik2.PNG" decoding="async" width="100" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Empress_sin-jung-ik2.PNG/150px-Empress_sin-jung-ik2.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Empress_sin-jung-ik2.PNG/200px-Empress_sin-jung-ik2.PNG 2x" data-file-width="573" data-file-height="1079" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Queen_Sinjeong" title="Queen Sinjeong">Queen Sinjeong</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mendelssohn_Bartholdy.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Mendelssohn_Bartholdy.jpg/100px-Mendelssohn_Bartholdy.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Mendelssohn_Bartholdy.jpg/150px-Mendelssohn_Bartholdy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Mendelssohn_Bartholdy.jpg/200px-Mendelssohn_Bartholdy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="560" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Felix_Mendelssohn" title="Felix Mendelssohn">Felix Mendelssohn</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Georges-Eug%C3%A8ne_Haussmann_-_BNF_Gallica.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Georges-Eug%C3%A8ne_Haussmann_-_BNF_Gallica.jpg/100px-Georges-Eug%C3%A8ne_Haussmann_-_BNF_Gallica.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Georges-Eug%C3%A8ne_Haussmann_-_BNF_Gallica.jpg/150px-Georges-Eug%C3%A8ne_Haussmann_-_BNF_Gallica.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Georges-Eug%C3%A8ne_Haussmann_-_BNF_Gallica.jpg/200px-Georges-Eug%C3%A8ne_Haussmann_-_BNF_Gallica.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2305" data-file-height="3165" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Georges-Eug%C3%A8ne_Haussmann" title="Georges-Eugène Haussmann">Georges-Eugène Haussmann</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_1" title="January 1">January 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Cao_B%C3%A1_Qu%C3%A1t" title="Cao Bá Quát">Cao Bá Quát</a>, Vietnamese poet (d. <a href="/wiki/1855" title="1855">1855</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_4" title="January 4">January 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Louis_Braille" title="Louis Braille">Louis Braille</a>, French teacher, inventor of <a href="/wiki/Braille" title="Braille">braille</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1852" title="1852">1852</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_6" title="January 6">January 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Marie_Durocher" title="Marie Durocher">Marie Durocher</a>, Brazilian obstetrician, physician (d. <a href="/wiki/1893" title="1893">1893</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_15" title="January 15">January 15</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cornelia_Connelly" title="Cornelia Connelly">Cornelia Connelly</a>, American founder of the <a href="/wiki/Society_of_the_Holy_Child_Jesus" title="Society of the Holy Child Jesus">Society of the Holy Child Jesus</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1879" title="1879">1879</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre-Joseph_Proudhon" title="Pierre-Joseph Proudhon">Pierre-Joseph Proudhon</a>, French anarchist (d. <a href="/wiki/1864" title="1864">1864</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_19" title="January 19">January 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Edgar_Allan_Poe" title="Edgar Allan Poe">Edgar Allan Poe</a>, American writer, poet (d. <a href="/wiki/1849" title="1849">1849</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_21" title="January 21">January 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Queen_Sinjeong" title="Queen Sinjeong">Queen Sinjeong</a>, Korean regent (d. <a href="/wiki/1890" title="1890">1890</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_1" title="February 1">February 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sophia_Crichton-Stuart,_Marchioness_of_Bute" title="Sophia Crichton-Stuart, Marchioness of Bute">Sophia Crichton-Stuart, Marchioness of Bute</a>, Scottish philanthropist (d. <a href="/wiki/1859" title="1859">1859</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_3" title="February 3">February 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Felix_Mendelssohn" title="Felix Mendelssohn">Felix Mendelssohn</a>, German composer (d. <a href="/wiki/1847" title="1847">1847</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_12" title="February 12">February 12</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin">Charles Darwin</a>, British naturalist (d. <a href="/wiki/1882" title="1882">1882</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln">Abraham Lincoln</a>, 16th <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1865" title="1865">1865</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_15" title="February 15">February 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Cyrus_McCormick" title="Cyrus McCormick">Cyrus McCormick</a>, American inventor (d. <a href="/wiki/1884" title="1884">1884</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_23" title="February 23">February 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_Sprague_(Michigan_politician)" title="William Sprague (Michigan politician)">William Sprague</a>, American minister and politician from Michigan (d. <a href="/wiki/1868" title="1868">1868</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_24" title="February 24">February 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Edwin_Freiherr_von_Manteuffel" title="Edwin Freiherr von Manteuffel">Edwin Freiherr von Manteuffel</a>, Prussian field marshal (d. <a href="/wiki/1885" title="1885">1885</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_1" title="March 1">March 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Robert_Cornelius" title="Robert Cornelius">Robert Cornelius</a>, <a href="/wiki/Americans" title="Americans">American</a> pioneer of photography (d <a href="/wiki/1893" title="1893">1893</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_2" title="March 2">March 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Abel_Douay" title="Abel Douay">Abel Douay</a>, French general (d. <a href="/wiki/1870" title="1870">1870</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_15" title="March 15">March 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Jenkins_Roberts" title="Joseph Jenkins Roberts">Joseph Jenkins Roberts</a>, 2-time President of Liberia (d. <a href="/wiki/1876" title="1876">1876</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_23" title="March 23">March 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Charlotte_von_Hagn" title="Charlotte von Hagn">Charlotte von Hagn</a>, German actress (d. <a href="/wiki/1891" title="1891">1891</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_24" title="March 24">March 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Liouville" title="Joseph Liouville">Joseph Liouville</a>, French mathematician (d. <a href="/wiki/1882" title="1882">1882</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_27" title="March 27">March 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Georges-Eug%C3%A8ne_Haussmann" title="Georges-Eugène Haussmann">Georges-Eugène Haussmann</a>, French civic planner (d. <a href="/wiki/1891" title="1891">1891</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_29" title="March 29">March 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bettino_Ricasoli" title="Bettino Ricasoli">Bettino Ricasoli</a>, Italian statesman (d. <a href="/wiki/1880" title="1880">1880</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_1" title="April 1">April 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Gogol" title="Nikolai Gogol">Nikolai Gogol</a>, Russian writer (d. <a href="/wiki/1852" title="1852">1852</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_15" title="April 15">April 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Grassmann" title="Hermann Grassmann">Hermann Grassmann</a>, Prussian mathematician (d. <a href="/wiki/1877" title="1877">1877</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_20" title="April 20">April 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/James_David_Forbes" title="James David Forbes">James David Forbes</a>, Scottish physicist, geologist, inventor (d. <a href="/wiki/1868" title="1868">1868</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_22" title="May 22">May 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Constantin_A._Cre%C8%9Bulescu" title="Constantin A. Crețulescu">Constantin A. Crețulescu</a>, 7th Prime Minister of Romania (d. <a href="/wiki/1884" title="1884">1884</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_23" title="May 23">May 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hugo_von_Kirchbach" title="Hugo von Kirchbach">Hugo von Kirchbach</a>, Prussian general (d. <a href="/wiki/1887" title="1887">1887</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_4" title="June 4">June 4</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Columbus_Delano" title="Columbus Delano">Columbus Delano</a>, American statesman (d. <a href="/wiki/1896" title="1896">1896</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Henry_Pratt" class="mw-redirect" title="John Henry Pratt">John Henry Pratt</a>, English clergyman and mathematician (d. <a href="/wiki/1871" title="1871">1871</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_8" title="June 8">June 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Richard_Wigginton_Thompson" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard Wigginton Thompson">Richard Wigginton Thompson</a>, American politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1900" title="1900">1900</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_11" title="June 11">June 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Juan_Antonio_Pezet" title="Juan Antonio Pezet">Juan Antonio Pezet</a>, Peruvian general and politician, <a href="/wiki/President_of_Peru" title="President of Peru">President of Peru</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1879" title="1879">1879</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_18" title="June 18">June 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Greenleaf_Bulfinch" title="Stephen Greenleaf Bulfinch">Stephen Greenleaf Bulfinch</a>, American minister, hymn writer (d <a href="/wiki/1870" title="1870">1870</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_20" title="June 20">June 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Isaak_August_Dorner" title="Isaak August Dorner">Isaak August Dorner</a>, German theologian (d. <a href="/wiki/1884" title="1884">1884</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_21" title="June 21">June 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Wolff" title="Wilhelm Wolff">Wilhelm Wolff</a>, German political activist (d. <a href="/wiki/1864" title="1864">1864</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_27" title="June 27">June 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Certain_de_Canrobert" title="François Certain de Canrobert">François Certain de Canrobert</a>, French general, <a href="/wiki/Marshal_of_France" title="Marshal of France">Marshal of France</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1895" title="1895">1895</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="July–December"><span id="July.E2.80.93December"></span>July–December</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1809&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: July–December"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Elliott_%26_Fry_-_Alfred,_Lord_Tennyson_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Elliott_%26_Fry_-_Alfred%2C_Lord_Tennyson_%28cropped%29.jpg/100px-Elliott_%26_Fry_-_Alfred%2C_Lord_Tennyson_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Elliott_%26_Fry_-_Alfred%2C_Lord_Tennyson_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-Elliott_%26_Fry_-_Alfred%2C_Lord_Tennyson_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Elliott_%26_Fry_-_Alfred%2C_Lord_Tennyson_%28cropped%29.jpg/200px-Elliott_%26_Fry_-_Alfred%2C_Lord_Tennyson_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="475" data-file-height="686" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Alfred,_Lord_Tennyson" title="Alfred, Lord Tennyson">Alfred, Lord Tennyson</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fanny_Kemble.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Fanny_Kemble.jpg/100px-Fanny_Kemble.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Fanny_Kemble.jpg/150px-Fanny_Kemble.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Fanny_Kemble.jpg/200px-Fanny_Kemble.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="2211" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Fanny_Kemble" title="Fanny Kemble">Fanny Kemble</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Oliver_Wendell_Holmes_Sr_c1879.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Oliver_Wendell_Holmes_Sr_c1879.jpg/100px-Oliver_Wendell_Holmes_Sr_c1879.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Oliver_Wendell_Holmes_Sr_c1879.jpg/150px-Oliver_Wendell_Holmes_Sr_c1879.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Oliver_Wendell_Holmes_Sr_c1879.jpg/200px-Oliver_Wendell_Holmes_Sr_c1879.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4944" data-file-height="6240" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Wendell_Holmes_Sr." title="Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr.">Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr.</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:William_Ewart_Gladstone,_1892_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/William_Ewart_Gladstone%2C_1892_%28cropped%29.jpg/100px-William_Ewart_Gladstone%2C_1892_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/William_Ewart_Gladstone%2C_1892_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-William_Ewart_Gladstone%2C_1892_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/William_Ewart_Gladstone%2C_1892_%28cropped%29.jpg/200px-William_Ewart_Gladstone%2C_1892_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2176" data-file-height="2932" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/William_Gladstone" class="mw-redirect" title="William Gladstone">William Gladstone</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/July_2" title="July 2">July 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_R._Goldsborough" title="John R. Goldsborough">John R. Goldsborough</a>, United States Navy commodore (d. <a href="/wiki/1877" title="1877">1877</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_9" title="July 9">July 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Gustav_Jakob_Henle" title="Friedrich Gustav Jakob Henle">Friedrich Gustav Jakob Henle</a>, German-Jewish anatomist, physician (d. <a href="/wiki/1885" title="1885">1885</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_16" title="July 16">July 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Bernhard_von_Voigts-Rhetz" title="Konstantin Bernhard von Voigts-Rhetz">Konstantin Bernhard von Voigts-Rhetz</a>, Prussian general (d. <a href="/wiki/1877" title="1877">1877</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_31" title="July 31">July 31</a> – <a href="/wiki/Francis_Walker_(entomologist)" title="Francis Walker (entomologist)">Francis Walker</a>, English entomologist (d. <a href="/wiki/1874" title="1874">1874</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_6" title="August 6">August 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alfred,_Lord_Tennyson" title="Alfred, Lord Tennyson">Alfred, Lord Tennyson</a>, British poet (d. <a href="/wiki/1892" title="1892">1892</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_8" title="August 8">August 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Abeken" title="Heinrich Abeken">Heinrich Abeken</a>, German theologian (d. <a href="/wiki/1872" title="1872">1872</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_29" title="August 29">August 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Wendell_Holmes_Sr." title="Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr.">Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr.</a>, American physician, writer (d. <a href="/wiki/1894" title="1894">1894</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_4" title="September 4">September 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Montt" title="Manuel Montt">Manuel Montt</a>, 5th President of Chile (d. <a href="/wiki/1880" title="1880">1880</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_12" title="September 12">September 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Julius_von_Bose" title="Julius von Bose">Julius von Bose</a>, Prussian general (d. <a href="/wiki/1894" title="1894">1894</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_4" title="November 4">November 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Robbins_Curtis" title="Benjamin Robbins Curtis">Benjamin Robbins Curtis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Associate_Justice_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States">Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1874" title="1874">1874</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_10" title="November 10">November 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/David_Einhorn_(rabbi)" title="David Einhorn (rabbi)">David Einhorn (rabbi)</a>, German-American abolitionist (d. <a href="/wiki/1879" title="1879">1879</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_20" title="November 20">November 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Gustav_Koerner" title="Gustav Koerner">Gustav Koerner</a>, German-born revolutionary, journalist, lawyer, politician, statesman of Illinois and Germany, Colonel of the U.S. Army (d. <a href="/wiki/1896" title="1896">1896</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_27" title="November 27">November 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Fanny_Kemble" title="Fanny Kemble">Fanny Kemble</a>, British-born American actress, writer (d. <a href="/wiki/1893" title="1893">1893</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_5" title="December 5">December 5</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edmond_Le_B%C5%93uf" title="Edmond Le Bœuf">Edmond Le Bœuf</a>, French general, <a href="/wiki/Marshal_of_France" title="Marshal of France">Marshal of France</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1888" title="1888">1888</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minna_Planer" title="Minna Planer">Minna Planer</a>, German actress (d. <a href="/wiki/1866" title="1866">1866</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_24" title="December 24">December 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Kit_Carson" title="Kit Carson">Kit Carson</a>, American frontiersman (d. <a href="/wiki/1868" title="1868">1868</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_29" title="December 29">December 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_Ewart_Gladstone" title="William Ewart Gladstone">William Ewart Gladstone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Prime Minister of the United Kingdom">Prime Minister of the United Kingdom</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1898" title="1898">1898</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_30" title="December 30">December 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_von_T%C3%BCmpling" title="Wilhelm von Tümpling">Wilhelm von Tümpling</a>, Prussian general (d. <a href="/wiki/1884" title="1884">1884</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Date_unknown_2">Date unknown</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1809&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Date unknown"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C8%98tefan_Golescu" title="Ștefan Golescu">Ștefan Golescu</a>, 8th Prime Minister of Romania (d. <a href="/wiki/1874" title="1874">1874</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Deaths">Deaths</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1809&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Deaths"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="January–June_2"><span id="January.E2.80.93June_2"></span>January–June</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1809&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: January–June"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Joseph_Haydn.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Joseph_Haydn.jpg/110px-Joseph_Haydn.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Joseph_Haydn.jpg/165px-Joseph_Haydn.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Joseph_Haydn.jpg/220px-Joseph_Haydn.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1264" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Haydn" title="Joseph Haydn">Joseph Haydn</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Portrait_of_Thomas_Paine.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Portrait_of_Thomas_Paine.jpg/110px-Portrait_of_Thomas_Paine.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Portrait_of_Thomas_Paine.jpg/165px-Portrait_of_Thomas_Paine.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Portrait_of_Thomas_Paine.jpg/220px-Portrait_of_Thomas_Paine.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1537" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Paine" title="Thomas Paine">Thomas Paine</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Marshall_Lambert.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Marshall_Lambert.jpg/110px-Marshall_Lambert.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Marshall_Lambert.jpg/165px-Marshall_Lambert.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Marshall_Lambert.jpg/220px-Marshall_Lambert.jpg 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="366" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Lambert" title="Daniel Lambert">Daniel Lambert</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_6" title="January 6">January 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Johann_Augustus_Eberhard" title="Johann Augustus Eberhard">Johann Augustus Eberhard</a>, German theologian, philosopher (b. <a href="/wiki/1739" title="1739">1739</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_16" title="January 16">January 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Moore_(British_Army_officer)" title="John Moore (British Army officer)">John Moore</a>, British general (killed in battle) (b. <a href="/wiki/1761" title="1761">1761</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_6" title="February 6">February 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Antoine_Joseph_Santerre" title="Antoine Joseph Santerre">Antoine Joseph Santerre</a>, French general (b. <a href="/wiki/1752" title="1752">1752</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_20" title="February 20">February 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Richard_Gough_(antiquarian)" title="Richard Gough (antiquarian)">Richard Gough</a>, English antiquary (b. <a href="/wiki/1735" title="1735">1735</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_25" title="February 25">February 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Murray,_4th_Earl_of_Dunmore" title="John Murray, 4th Earl of Dunmore">John Murray</a>, 4th Earl of Dunmore (Lord Dunmore)(b. <a href="/wiki/1730" title="1730">1730</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_7" title="March 7">March 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Johann_Georg_Albrechtsberger" title="Johann Georg Albrechtsberger">Johann Georg Albrechtsberger</a>, Austrian composer (b. <a href="/wiki/1736" title="1736">1736</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_11" title="March 11">March 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hannah_Cowley_(writer)" title="Hannah Cowley (writer)">Hannah Cowley</a>, English dramatist and poet (b. <a href="/wiki/1743" title="1743">1743</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_18" title="March 18">March 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Karoline_Kaulla" title="Karoline Kaulla">Karoline Kaulla</a>, German banker (b. <a href="/wiki/1739" title="1739">1739</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_20" title="March 20">March 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mary_Bateman" title="Mary Bateman">Mary Bateman</a>, English woman executed for murder, known as the <i>Yorkshire Witch</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_25" title="March 25">March 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Anna_Seward" title="Anna Seward">Anna Seward</a>, English writer (b. <a href="/wiki/1747" title="1747">1747</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_27" title="March 27">March 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Joseph-Marie_Vien" title="Joseph-Marie Vien">Joseph-Marie Vien</a>, French painter (b. <a href="/wiki/1716" title="1716">1716</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_6" title="April 6">April 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Saint-Ours" title="Jean-Pierre Saint-Ours">Jean-Pierre Saint-Ours</a>, Swiss artist (b. <a href="/wiki/1752" title="1752">1752</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_26" title="April 26">April 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bernhard_Schott" title="Bernhard Schott">Bernhard Schott</a>, German music publisher (b. <a href="/wiki/1748" title="1748">1748</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_13" title="May 13">May 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Beilby_Porteus" title="Beilby Porteus">Beilby Porteus</a>, English bishop, abolitionist (b. <a href="/wiki/1731" title="1731">1731</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_17" title="May 17">May 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Leopold_Auenbrugger" title="Leopold Auenbrugger">Leopold Auenbrugger</a>, Austrian physician (b. <a href="/wiki/1722" title="1722">1722</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_24" title="May 24">May 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Charles_Rainsford" title="Charles Rainsford">Charles Rainsford</a>, British general (b. <a href="/wiki/1728" title="1728">1728</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_29" title="May 29">May 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Johannes_von_M%C3%BCller" title="Johannes von Müller">Johannes von Müller</a>, Swiss historian (b. <a href="/wiki/1752" title="1752">1752</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_31" title="May 31">May 31</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Haydn" title="Joseph Haydn">Joseph Haydn</a>, Austrian classical composer (b. <a href="/wiki/1732" title="1732">1732</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Lannes" title="Jean Lannes">Jean Lannes</a>, French marshal (mortally wounded in battle (b. <a href="/wiki/1769" title="1769">1769</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_4" title="June 4">June 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Nicolai_Abildgaard" title="Nicolai Abildgaard">Nicolai Abildgaard</a>, Danish painter (b. <a href="/wiki/1743" title="1743">1743</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_8" title="June 8">June 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Paine" title="Thomas Paine">Thomas Paine</a>, American revolutionary writer (b. <a href="/wiki/1737" title="1737">1737</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_15" title="June 15">June 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sir_George_Baker,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir George Baker, 1st Baronet">Sir George Baker, 1st Baronet</a>, British physician (b. <a href="/wiki/1722" title="1722">1722</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_21" title="June 21">June 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Lambert" title="Daniel Lambert">Daniel Lambert</a>, English <a href="/wiki/Gaol" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaol">gaol</a> keeper and animal breeder, famous for his unusually large size (b. <a href="/wiki/1770" title="1770">1770</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="July–December_2"><span id="July.E2.80.93December_2"></span>July–December</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1809&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: July–December"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Matthew_Boulton_-_Carl_Frederik_von_Breda.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Matthew_Boulton_-_Carl_Frederik_von_Breda.jpg/110px-Matthew_Boulton_-_Carl_Frederik_von_Breda.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Matthew_Boulton_-_Carl_Frederik_von_Breda.jpg/165px-Matthew_Boulton_-_Carl_Frederik_von_Breda.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Matthew_Boulton_-_Carl_Frederik_von_Breda.jpg/220px-Matthew_Boulton_-_Carl_Frederik_von_Breda.jpg 2x" data-file-width="796" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Boulton" title="Matthew Boulton">Matthew Boulton</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/July_6" title="July 6">July 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Antoine_Charles_Louis_de_Lasalle" title="Antoine Charles Louis de Lasalle">Antoine Charles Louis de Lasalle</a>, French cavalry general (killed in battle) (b. <a href="/wiki/1775" title="1775">1775</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_22" title="July 22">July 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jean_Senebier" title="Jean Senebier">Jean Senebier</a>, Swiss pastor, botanist (b. <a href="/wiki/1742" title="1742">1742</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_8" title="August 8">August 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ueda_Akinari" title="Ueda Akinari">Ueda Akinari</a>, Japanese author, scholar (b. <a href="/wiki/1734" title="1734">1734</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_18" title="August 18">August 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Matthew_Boulton" title="Matthew Boulton">Matthew Boulton</a>, English manufacturer, engineer (b. <a href="/wiki/1728" title="1728">1728</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_29" title="August 29">August 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Lucy_Barnes_(writer)" title="Lucy Barnes (writer)">Lucy Barnes</a>, American writer (b. <a href="/wiki/1780" title="1780">1780</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_1" title="September 1">September 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Johann_Friedrich_August_G%C3%B6ttling" title="Johann Friedrich August Göttling">Johann Friedrich August Göttling</a>, German chemist (b. <a href="/wiki/1753" title="1753">1753</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_3" title="September 3">September 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/George_Coventry,_6th_Earl_of_Coventry" title="George Coventry, 6th Earl of Coventry">George Coventry, 6th Earl of Coventry</a>, English noble and politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1722" title="1722">1722</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_7" title="September 7">September 7</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddha_Yodfa_Chulaloke" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddha Yodfa Chulaloke">Buddha Yodfa Chulaloke</a> (Rama I), <a href="/wiki/King_of_Siam" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Siam">King of Siam</a>, founder of the <a href="/wiki/Chakri_dynasty" title="Chakri dynasty">Chakri dynasty</a> of <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1737" title="1737">1737</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caroline_Schelling" title="Caroline Schelling">Caroline Schelling</a>, German scholar (b. <a href="/wiki/1763" title="1763">1763</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_8" title="October 8">October 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/James_Elphinston" title="James Elphinston">James Elphinston</a>, Scottish philologist (b. <a href="/wiki/1721" title="1721">1721</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_11" title="October 11">October 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Meriwether_Lewis" title="Meriwether Lewis">Meriwether Lewis</a>, American explorer (suicide) (b. <a href="/wiki/1774" title="1774">1774</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_30" title="October 30">October 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_Cavendish-Bentinck,_3rd_Duke_of_Portland" title="William Cavendish-Bentinck, 3rd Duke of Portland">William Cavendish-Bentinck, 3rd Duke of Portland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Prime Minister of the United Kingdom">Prime Minister of the United Kingdom</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1738" title="1738">1738</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_28" title="November 28">November 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jakob_Heinrich_Laspeyres" title="Jakob Heinrich Laspeyres">Jakob Heinrich Laspeyres</a>, German <a href="/wiki/Lepidopterist" class="mw-redirect" title="Lepidopterist">lepidopterist</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1769" title="1769">1769</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_16" title="December 16">December 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Antoine_Fran%C3%A7ois,_comte_de_Fourcroy" class="mw-redirect" title="Antoine François, comte de Fourcroy">Antoine François, comte de Fourcroy</a>, French chemist (b. <a href="/wiki/1755" title="1755">1755</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1809&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20110724093727/http://www.thinkfinity.org/2011-02-11_Fulton-patents-steamboat">"Robert Fulton patented the steamboat in 1809"</a>. <i>Thinkfinity</i>. Verizon. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thinkfinity.org/2011-02-11_Fulton-patents-steamboat">the original</a> on July 24, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 15,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Thinkfinity&rft.atitle=Robert+Fulton+patented+the+steamboat+in+1809&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thinkfinity.org%2F2011-02-11_Fulton-patents-steamboat&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1809" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.todayinsci.com/F/Fulton_Robert/FultonPatents.htm">"The Fulton Patents"</a>. <i>Today in Science History</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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London: Century Ltd. pp. 243–244. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7126-5616-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-7126-5616-2"><bdi>0-7126-5616-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Chronology+of+British+History&rft.place=London&rft.pages=243-244&rft.pub=Century+Ltd&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=0-7126-5616-2&rft.aulast=Palmer&rft.aufirst=Alan&rft.au=Palmer%2C+Veronica&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1809" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120710071938/http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/blkeis.htm">"Mary Kies - Patenting Pioneer"</a>. <i>About.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/blkeis.htm">the original</a> on July 10, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 14,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=About.com&rft.atitle=Mary+Kies+-+Patenting+Pioneer&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Finventors.about.com%2Flibrary%2Finventors%2Fblkeis.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1809" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pocket_On_This_Day-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Pocket_On_This_Day_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Penguin Pocket On This Day</i>. Penguin Reference Library. 2006. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-14-102715-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-14-102715-0"><bdi>0-14-102715-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Penguin+Pocket+On+This+Day&rft.pub=Penguin+Reference+Library&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-14-102715-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1809" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110610130346/http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/culture/maori-european-contact-before-1840/the-boyd-incident">"The <i>Boyd</i> incident - a frontier of chaos?"</a>. <i>New Zealand History online</i>. 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Ward, Lock, Bowden. p. 449.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Edgar+Allan+Poe%3A+His+Life%2C+Letters%2C+and+Opinions&rft.pages=449&rft.pub=Ward%2C+Lock%2C+Bowden&rft.date=1891&rft.au=John+Henry+Ingram&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dx8dEAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DPA449&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1809" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>The Gentleman's Magazine</i>. F. 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Prestel, München 1971, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-7913-0340-6" title="Special:BookSources/3-7913-0340-6">3-7913-0340-6</a>, S. 148 f</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNicholas_Worrall1982" class="citation book cs1">Nicholas Worrall (November 4, 1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QEBdDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA2"><i>Nikolai Gogol and Ivan Turgenev</i></a>. Macmillan International Higher Education. p. 2. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-349-16917-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-349-16917-7"><bdi>978-1-349-16917-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nikolai+Gogol+and+Ivan+Turgenev&rft.pages=2&rft.pub=Macmillan+International+Higher+Education&rft.date=1982-11-04&rft.isbn=978-1-349-16917-7&rft.au=Nicholas+Worrall&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQEBdDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1809" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged June 2023">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeslie1898" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Leslie_Stephen" title="Leslie Stephen">Leslie, Stephen</a> (1898). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:en:Studies of a Biographer/Life of Tennyson"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/en:Studies_of_a_Biographer/Life_of_Tennyson">"Life of Tennyson" </a></span>. <i>Studies of a Biographer</i>. 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A&C Black. p. 1148. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84371-037-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84371-037-0"><bdi>978-1-84371-037-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+Modern+American+Philosophers&rft.pages=1148&rft.pub=A%26C+Black&rft.date=2005-01-01&rft.isbn=978-1-84371-037-0&rft.au=John+R.+Shook&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIjpj1tB3Qr0C%26pg%3DPA1148&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1809" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=G78sAQAAMAAJ&pg=PT19"><i>The Encyclopædia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, and General Literature, with New Maps and Original American Articles by Eminent Writers</i></a>. Werner. 1895. p. 19.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica%3A+A+Dictionary+of+Arts%2C+Sciences%2C+and+General+Literature%2C+with+New+Maps+and+Original+American+Articles+by+Eminent+Writers&rft.pages=19&rft.pub=Werner&rft.date=1895&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DG78sAQAAMAAJ%26pg%3DPT19&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1809" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gregor-Dellin, Martin (1983), <i>Richard Wagner—His Life, His Work, His Century</i>, Harcourt. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-15-177151-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-15-177151-6">978-0-15-177151-6</a> Page 67</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGeorge_William_Erskine_Russell1891" class="citation book cs1">George William Erskine Russell (1891). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=748tAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA1"><i>The Right Honourable William Ewart Gladstone</i></a>. Harper & Brothers. p. 1.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Right+Honourable+William+Ewart+Gladstone&rft.pages=1&rft.pub=Harper+%26+Brothers&rft.date=1891&rft.au=George+William+Erskine+Russell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D748tAQAAMAAJ%26pg%3DPA1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1809" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRadu_Florescu1997" class="citation book cs1">Radu Florescu (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=v4PiAAAAMAAJ"><i>The Struggle Against Russia in the Romanian Principalities: A Problem in Anglo-Turkish Diplomacy, 1821-1854</i></a>. Center for Romanian Studies, The Foundation for Romanian Culture and Studies. p. 204. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-973-98091-3-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-973-98091-3-9"><bdi>978-973-98091-3-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Struggle+Against+Russia+in+the+Romanian+Principalities%3A+A+Problem+in+Anglo-Turkish+Diplomacy%2C+1821-1854&rft.pages=204&rft.pub=Center+for+Romanian+Studies%2C+The+Foundation+for+Romanian+Culture+and+Studies&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-973-98091-3-9&rft.au=Radu+Florescu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dv4PiAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1809" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBritannica1910" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Moore, Sir John"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Moore,_Sir_John">"Moore, Sir John" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 18 (11th ed.). 1910. pp. 809–810.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Moore%2C+Sir+John&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=809-810&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1910&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1809" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliam_Harding1845" class="citation book cs1">William Harding (1845). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sQ45LXVF3_IC&pg=RA2-PA119"><i>The History of Tiverton</i></a>. p. 2.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History+of+Tiverton&rft.pages=2&rft.date=1845&rft.au=William+Harding&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DsQ45LXVF3_IC%26pg%3DRA2-PA119&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1809" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSir_John_Benjamin_Stone1870" class="citation book cs1">Sir John Benjamin Stone (1870). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NhIIAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA104"><i>A history of Lichfield Cathedral. With a description of its architecture and monuments</i></a>. p. 104.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+history+of+Lichfield+Cathedral.+With+a+description+of+its+architecture+and+monuments&rft.pages=104&rft.date=1870&rft.au=Sir+John+Benjamin+Stone&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNhIIAAAAQAAJ%26pg%3DPA104&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1809" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrück,_Marion2007" class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Brück, Marion (2007), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/0001/bsb00019558/images/index.html?seite=506">"Schott, Peter Bernhard"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Neue_Deutsche_Biographie" title="Neue Deutsche Biographie">Neue Deutsche Biographie</a></i> (in German), vol. 23, Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, pp. 486–487</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Schott%2C+Peter+Bernhard&rft.btitle=Neue+Deutsche+Biographie&rft.place=Berlin&rft.pages=486-487&rft.pub=Duncker+%26+Humblot&rft.date=2007&rft.au=Br%C3%BCck%2C+Marion&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdaten.digitale-sammlungen.de%2F0001%2Fbsb00019558%2Fimages%2Findex.html%3Fseite%3D506&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1809" class="Z3988"></span>; (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/ppn118610546.html">full text online</a>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomas_Paine1879" class="citation book cs1">Thomas Paine (1879). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fY_XAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA83"><i>The Theological Works of Thomas Paine ...: The Whole Preceded by a Life of Paine</i></a>. Belfords, Clarke & Company. p. 83.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Theological+Works+of+Thomas+Paine+...%3A+The+Whole+Preceded+by+a+Life+of+Paine&rft.pages=83&rft.pub=Belfords%2C+Clarke+%26+Company&rft.date=1879&rft.au=Thomas+Paine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfY_XAAAAMAAJ%26pg%3DPA83&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1809" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFH._W._Dickinson2010" class="citation book cs1">H. W. Dickinson (October 31, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=smcX52oUHYwC&pg=PA193"><i>Matthew Boulton</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. p. 193. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-108-01224-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-108-01224-9"><bdi>978-1-108-01224-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Matthew+Boulton&rft.pages=193&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2010-10-31&rft.isbn=978-1-108-01224-9&rft.au=H.+W.+Dickinson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DsmcX52oUHYwC%26pg%3DPA193&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1809" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDaniel_WhistlerBenjamin_Berger2020" class="citation book cs1">Daniel Whistler; Benjamin Berger (October 29, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FpX6DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA3"><i>The Schelling Reader</i></a>. Bloomsbury Academic. p. 3. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-350-05332-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-350-05332-8"><bdi>978-1-350-05332-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Schelling+Reader&rft.pages=3&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Academic&rft.date=2020-10-29&rft.isbn=978-1-350-05332-8&rft.au=Daniel+Whistler&rft.au=Benjamin+Berger&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFpX6DwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1809" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliam_John_Arthur_Charles_James_Cavendish-Bentinck_Duke_of_PortlandCharles_Fairfax_Murray1894" class="citation book cs1">William John Arthur Charles James Cavendish-Bentinck Duke of Portland; Charles Fairfax Murray (1894). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8ENCAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA10"><i>Catalogue of the Pictures Belonging to His Grace the Duke of Portland: At Welbeck Abbey, and in London. 1894</i></a>. Pr. at the Chiswick Press. p. 10.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Catalogue+of+the+Pictures+Belonging+to+His+Grace+the+Duke+of+Portland%3A+At+Welbeck+Abbey%2C+and+in+London.+1894&rft.pages=10&rft.pub=Pr.+at+the+Chiswick+Press&rft.date=1894&rft.au=William+John+Arthur+Charles+James+Cavendish-Bentinck+Duke+of+Portland&rft.au=Charles+Fairfax+Murray&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8ENCAQAAMAAJ%26pg%3DPA10&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1809" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6919#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh99014465">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007561307605171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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