CINXE.COM

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wpex-translate-Z-0 wpex-text-initial wpex-z-10000 wpex-top-100 wpex-right-0 wpex-surface-1 wpex-text-2 wpex-p-15"> <form role="search" method="get" class="searchform wpex-relative" action="https://onlineharassmentfieldmanual.pen.org/fr/"> <label class="searchform-label wpex-text-current wpex-block wpex-m-0 wpex-p-0"> <span class="screen-reader-text">Rechercher</span> <input type="search" class="searchform-input field" name="s" placeholder="Rechercher"> </label> <button type="submit" class="searchform-submit"><span class="ticon ticon-search" aria-hidden="true"></span><span class="screen-reader-text">Envoyer</span></button> </form> </div> </li></ul></nav> </div> </header> <main id="main" class="site-main wpex-clr"> <header class="page-header has-aside default-page-header wpex-relative wpex-mb-40 wpex-surface-2 wpex-py-20 wpex-border-t wpex-border-b wpex-border-solid wpex-border-surface-3 wpex-text-2 wpex-supports-mods"> <div class="page-header-inner container wpex-md-flex wpex-md-flex-wrap wpex-md-items-center wpex-md-justify-between"> <div class="page-header-content wpex-md-mr-15"> <h1 class="page-header-title wpex-block wpex-m-0 wpex-text-2xl"> <span>Bonnes pratiques pour les allié(e)s ou témoins</span> </h1> </div> <div class="page-header-aside wpex-md-text-right"><nav class="site-breadcrumbs position-page_header_aside wpex-text-4 wpex-text-sm" aria-label="You are here:"><span class="breadcrumb-trail wpex-clr"><span><span><a href="https://onlineharassmentfieldmanual.pen.org/fr/">Home</a></span> » <span class="breadcrumb_last" aria-current="page">Bonnes pratiques pour les allié(e)s ou témoins</span></span></span></nav></div></div> </header> <div id="content-wrap" class="container wpex-clr"> <div id="primary" class="content-area wpex-clr"> <div id="content" class="site-content wpex-clr"> <article id="single-blocks" class="single-page-article wpex-clr"> <div class="single-page-content single-content entry wpex-clr"><div class="wpb-content-wrapper"><div class="vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid"><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-12"><div class="vc_column-inner vc_custom_1524080232108"><div class="wpb_wrapper"> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element vc_custom_1524080738803" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p><span class="coral">Que faire si vous êtes témoin d’un comportement haineux ou abusif en ligne, ou si vous voulez soutenir un(e) collègue ou ami(e) ciblé(e) par du cyberharcèlement?</span></p> <p>Il peut être intimidant d’intervenir. Peut-être ne savez-vous pas par où commencer, ou que faire si personne d’autre n’intervient. Et votre intervention aggravait le harcèlement par inadvertance? Et si vous deveniez à votre tour la cible du cyberharceleur? Et si le harcèlement dont vous êtes témoin vous poussait à ne plus utiliser les réseaux sociaux, trop anxiogènes?</p> <p>Ce sont des questions importantes à se poser lorsque vous vous demandez s’il faut soutenir une personne ciblée par le harcèlement en ligne et comment le faire. Mais si vous croyez pouvoir aider sans risque pour vous-même, l’intervention des témoins est l’un des outils les plus puissants dont nous disposons pour dénoncer le harcèlement sur Internet.</p> <h2><strong>1. Priorisez votre propre sécurité</strong></h2> <p>Vous avez le droit de faire preuve de prudence avant d’agir face au cyberharcèlement. <em>« C’est à force de se dire ‘Moi je n’ai pas de problème’ que le forgeron a fini par ne pas fabriquer d’épée pour lui-même »</em>, dit un proverbe africain. Il est bon de prendre soin des autres, mais ne pas ignorer non plus ses propres besoins.</p> <p>Préparez-vous à l’avance: prenez le temps de renforcer votre propre cybersécurité afin de vous <a href="https://onlineharassmentfieldmanual.pen.org/fr/se-proteger-du-doxing/">protéger du doxing</a>, du <a href="https://onlineharassmentfieldmanual.pen.org/fr/se-proteger-du-piratage-et-de-l-usurpation-d-identite/">piratage et de l’usurpation d’identité</a>. Si vous pensez qu’intervenir face au harcèlement en ligne de quelqu’un d’autre peut vous mettre en danger, pensez à <a href="https://onlineharassmentfieldmanual.pen.org/fr/evaluer-la-menace/">évaluer les menaces</a> et faites confiance à votre instinct. Rappelez-vous: il existe de nombreuses façons d’être un(e) bon(ne) allié(e) sans intervenir directement, comme nous l’expliquons ci-dessous.</p> <h2><strong>2. Identifiez ce qui se passe</strong></h2> <p>Comprendre ce dont vous êtes exactement témoin peut vous aider à réfléchir à la manière de réagir. S’agit-il d’insultes racistes, misogynes, homophobes? Quelqu’un a-t-il été <a href="https://onlineharassmentfieldmanual.pen.org/fr/se-proteger-du-doxing/">doxé</a> et a-t-il besoin d’aide pour<a href="https://onlineharassmentfieldmanual.pen.org/fr/evaluer-la-menace/"> évaluer la menace</a>, <a href="https://onlineharassmentfieldmanual.pen.org/fr/le-signalement-aux-plateformes/">signaler le contenu au plateformes</a> ou pour trouver un endroit sûr où se mettre à l’abri pendant un temps? Quelqu’un émet-il des menaces si claires que vous ressentez le besoin d’alerter la police? Identifiez le type d’abus qui a lieu et <a href="https://onlineharassmentfieldmanual.pen.org/fr/glossaire-du-cyberharcelement/">consultez la définition du harcèlement en ligne</a> pour vous familiariser avec différents types de tactiques.</p> <h2><strong>3. Prenez des nouvelles de la personne ciblée (si possible)</strong></h2> <p>Avant d’intervenir dans une campagne de haine en ligne de manière directe ou publique, pensez aux besoins de la personne ciblée. Le moyen le plus efficace de le faire est de la contacter et de lui demander quel type de soutien serait apprécié, surtout si vous envisagez d’attirer l’attention du public sur la situation ou de faire appel aux forces de l’ordre.</p> <p>Si la personne ciblée par la violence est prête à entrer en contact avec vous, commencez par écouter et demander comment vous pouvez aider. Certaines personnes peuvent être débordées et n’avoir aucune idée de la manière dont vous pouvez les aider. Dans ce cas, vous pouvez leur proposer un ensemble d’options ou simplement une oreille attentive. D’autres pourraient ne pas vouloir d’aide, peut-être parce qu’elles veulent simplement ne plus y penser, auquel cas, leurs souhaits doivent être respectés. Essayez de ne pas dire à la cible comment elle devrait se sentir ou réagir.</p> <p>N’oubliez pas: si vous ne pouvez pas entrer en contact avec la personne victime de violence, vous pouvez toujours faire des choses pour l’aider, comme relayer ses messages ou signaler l’abus sur les autres plateformes, toujours avec son consentement.</p> <h2><strong>4. Trouvez la meilleure façon d’aider</strong></h2> <p>L’organisation de lutte contre le cyberharcèlement <a href="https://righttobe.org/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Right to Be</a> a développé une méthode utile pour transformer les internautes témoins de cyberharcèlement en allié(e)s de la personne visée, <a href="https://righttobe.org/bystander-intervention-training/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">les Cinq D</a>: Distraire, Déléguer, Documenter, Différer et Direct. Une seule tactique implique une intervention directe – vous pouvez donc soutenir une personne visée par le cyberharcèlement, même si vous n’êtes pas à l’aise pour intervenir directement.</p> <h3><em>Distraire</em></h3> <p>Les agresseurs essaient souvent de faire taire leurs cibles. Mais vous pouvez « faire dérailler l’incident en l’interrompant », par exemple:</p> <ul> <li>En amplifiant le contenu original publié par la personne attaquée (en cliquant sur “j’aime”, en votant pour le contenu, en le rediffusant sur Twitter, etc.).</li> <li>En détournant l’attention du message de l’agresseur, par exemple en répondant avec quelque chose de décalé, ou en inondant un hashtag de gifs amusants.</li> <li>En signalant le contenu abusif et le compte de l’abuseur à la plateforme sur laquelle il apparaît. Même si les plateformes n’agissent pas toujours, cela en vaut la peine. <a href="https://onlineharassmentfieldmanual.pen.org/fr/le-signalement-aux-plateformes/">Suivez ces conseils pour signaler un abus en ligne</a>.</li> </ul> <h3><em>Déléguer</em></h3> <p>En déléguant, vous demandez « de l’assistance, une ressource ou de l’aide d’un tiers ». Un harceleur en ligne sera toujours moins susceptible de s’en prendre à un groupe entier qu’à un seul individu. Si une cible a publié un appel à l’aide spécifique, aidez-la en diffusant le message dans vos propres réseaux. Vous pouvez publiquement <a href="https://onlineharassmentfieldmanual.pen.org/fr/mobiliser-une-communaute-de-soutien-en-ligne">rallier une communauté de soutien en ligne</a> (via des messages ou des tweets) ou en privé (via des listes de diffusion, des groupes professionnels ou groupes d’anciens élèves, des groupes privés, etc.) Envoyez un message à votre communauté de soutien pour mentionner l’endroit où l’abus se produit (par exemple, la plateforme sur laquelle ça se passe) et lancez un appel pour une réponse efficace et rapide. Cette communauté de soutien peut vous aider:</p> <ul> <li>À amplifier le contenu de la personne victime.</li> <li>À détourner l’attention d’un agresseur via un contenu amusant ou sans rapport.</li> <li>À signaler l’abus à la plateforme où cela s’est produit pour attirer davantage l’attention.</li> </ul> <h3><em>Documenter</em></h3> <p>Un excellent moyen d’aider une personne harcelée est de surveiller ses mentions sur les réseaux sociaux (pour les menaces, les discours de haine, l’usurpation d’identité, le doxing, etc.) et de les documenter en prenant des captures d’écran et en enregistrant des liens. Jetez un coup d’œil à ces conseils sur la manière de <a href="https://onlineharassmentfieldmanual.pen.org/fr/documenter-le-harcelement-en-ligne/">documenter le harcèlement en ligne pour en savoir plus</a>. Sachez que regarder des captures d’écran d’abus peut être également traumatisant pour les destinataires. Par conséquent, lorsque vous partagez les informations que vous avez collectées, avertissez votre interlocuteur(trice), en envoyant un message de ce type: <em>« Documenter les abus est vraiment important, mais je me rends compte que cela peut aussi être traumatisant, j’ai donc pris des captures d’écran et enregistré des liens pour toi dans ce dossier. Tu peux le stocker dans un endroit sûr au cas où tu en aurais besoin plus tard. »</em></p> <h3><em>Différer (prendre des nouvelles)</em></h3> <p>Le harcèlement en ligne peut sérieusement amener les victimes à s’isoler (c’est souvent l’objectif de l’agresseur), donc prendre des nouvelles de la personne visée peut avoir un impact considérable. Vous pouvez:</p> <ul> <li>Offrir une oreille attentive et apporter un soutien émotionnel. Écoutez toujours la personne sans jugement. Assurez-vous de faire preuve de patience et d’empathie et d’agir avec son consentement.</li> <li>Affirmer que ce qui arrive à la personne n’est pas correct, ni de sa faute. Rappelez-lui qu’elle n’est pas seule.</li> <li>Partager des ressources, y compris <a href="https://onlineharassmentfieldmanual.pen.org/fr/">ce Manuel</a>.</li> <li>Offrez une assistance spécifique (<em>« Puis-je vous aider à signaler, documenter ou renforcer votre sécurité numérique? »</em>).</li> </ul> <p>Si vous êtes proche de la personne visée par le cyberharcèlement et qu’elle a peur pour sa sécurité ou celle de ses proches, vous pouvez lui proposer de l’héberger temporairement chez vous ou chez un(e) ami(e) commun(e), dans un lieu plus sûr.</p> <h3><em>Direct</em></h3> <p>L’intervention directe consiste à répondre « au harcèlement en nommant ce qui se passe ou en confrontant le harceleur ». Cela peut parfois être percutant – mais cette forme d’alliance comporte des risques, pour vous et pour la cible de l’abus. L’agresseur peut attirer son attention sur vous ou intensifier les abus contre sa cible. Priorisez votre propre sécurité. Si vous vous sentez prêt(e) à intervenir directement, voici quelques options à essayer:</p> <ul> <li>Invitez-vous dans la discussion avec des commentaires, des messages ou des hashtags affirmatifs ou constructifs, de soutien, en réponse au contenu de la personne ciblée par l’abus.</li> <li>Publiez une déclaration de solidarité qui soutient la personne ciblée et condamne le harcèlement en ligne, sur la plateforme où il émerge. Nommez le harcèlement, expliquez pourquoi il est mauvais et invitez les autres à le rejeter. Si vous faites partie d’un groupe ou d’une organisation affiliés à la personne ciblée – ou d’un groupe ou d’une organisation qui condamne la haine en général, publiez une déclaration officielle expliquant pourquoi vous condamnez cette forme particulière de harcèlement en ligne.</li> <li>Exposez l’usurpation d’identité et demandez de l’aide pour la signaler aux plateformes.</li> <li>Si vous en avez les compétences ou êtes dans une position qui vous permet de le faire, faites un travail de vérification des fausses déclarations.</li> <li>Utilisez l’humour.</li> </ul> <p>Voici quelques astuces clés pour développer un autre narratif:</p> <ul> <li>Vous pouvez condamner la haine et le harcèlement sans interagir avec l’agresseur. Condamnez le comportement, pas l’individu, et dites aux autres qu’un tel comportement ne peut et ne devrait pas être toléré.</li> <li>Évidemment, ne vous livrez pas à des abus vous-même, non seulement parce que le but d’un(e) allié(e) doit être de briser le cycle de la violence, mais aussi parce que l’agresseur peut essayer de vous provoquer pour vous inciter à aller dans cette direction. Organisez des réseaux de soutien pour ne pas intervenir seul(e). L’union fait la force!</li> </ul> <h2><strong>5. Prenez soin de vous aussi</strong></h2> <p>Être témoin de comportements abusifs en ligne, de menaces, de discours de haine et d’images violentes peut avoir des conséquences néfastes pour ceux qui veulent aider. N’ayez pas honte si vous ressentez de la fatigue et que vous vous sentez dépassé(e): vous devez prendre soin de vous si vous voulez soutenir les personnes ciblées par le cyberharcèlement. Consultez la section <a href="https://onlineharassmentfieldmanual.pen.org/fr/prendre-soin-de-soi-en-cas-de-cyberharcelement">Prendre soin de soi de ce Manuel</a> pour en savoir plus.</p> <h2><strong>6. Prenez en compte vos propres biais</strong></h2> <p><em>« L’éléphant pleure parce qu’il manque de dents, mais le sanglier pousse le sol avec les siennes.»</em>, dit un proverbe africain. Chaque expérience de vie est différente: les autres ont peut-être enduré des épreuves qui ne sont pas les vôtres. Gardez à l’esprit que les personnes ciblées peuvent avoir été exposées à des injustices que vous n’avez pas personnellement rencontrées. Prenez le temps de réfléchir à votre propre relation avec l’injustice pour devenir un(e) allié(e) – pas un sauveur (ou une sauveuse).</p> <p>Rappelez-vous: le monde en ligne est le monde réel. Ne sous-estimez pas les expériences en ligne de quelqu’un d’autre en suggérant que ce qui lui arrive en ligne n’a pas autant d’importance que ce qui lui arrive hors ligne. Ce qui se passe sur Internet a de réelles conséquences sur notre carrière, nos relations personnelles, notre santé mentale et notre productivité, et peut également se retrouver dans nos vies hors ligne, et vice-versa.</p> </div> </div> </div></div></div></div> </div></div> </article> </div> </div> <aside id="sidebar" class="sidebar-primary sidebar-container wpex-print-hidden"> <div id="sidebar-inner" class="sidebar-container-inner wpex-mb-40"></div> </aside> </div> </main> <style>.vc_custom_1524085143925{padding-top: 5px !important;}</style> <div id="footer-callout-wrap" class="wpex-surface-2 wpex-text-2 wpex-py-30 wpex-border-solid wpex-border-surface-3 wpex-border-y wpex-print-hidden"> <div id="footer-callout" class="container"> <div id="footer-callout-left" class="footer-callout-content wpex-text-xl"><div class="vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid no-bottom-margins wpex-vc-full-width-row wpex-vc-full-width-row--centered"><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-9"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"> <div style="font-size:16px;line-height:25px;" class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element " > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p><strong>A propos de PEN America:</strong> Fondée 1922, l’organisation PEN America travaille à l'intersection entre la littérature et les droits humains pour protéger la liberté d’expression aux États-Unis et dans le reste du monde. 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