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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Executive branch</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Executive_branch-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legislative_branch" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legislative_branch"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Legislative branch</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legislative_branch-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_parties_and_elections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_parties_and_elections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Political parties and elections</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Political_parties_and_elections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Judicial_branch" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 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id="toc-Political_pressure_groups-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul 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class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politick%C3%BD_syst%C3%A9m_Nikaraguy" title="Politický systém Nikaraguy – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Politický systém Nikaraguy" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gobierno_y_pol%C3%ADtica_de_Nicaragua" title="Gobierno y política de Nicaragua – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Gobierno y política de Nicaragua" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politique_au_Nicaragua" title="Politique au Nicaragua – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" 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.sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile vcard"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><div class="adr"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Politics of Nicaragua</a></div></th></tr><tr><th><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Nicaragua.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Coat_of_arms_of_Nicaragua.svg/125px-Coat_of_arms_of_Nicaragua.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Coat_of_arms_of_Nicaragua.svg/188px-Coat_of_arms_of_Nicaragua.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Coat_of_arms_of_Nicaragua.svg/250px-Coat_of_arms_of_Nicaragua.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></th></tr><tr><th style="border-bottom: #aaa 1px solid"></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Nicaragua" title="Constitution of Nicaragua">Constitution</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Nicaragua" title="Abortion in Nicaragua">Abortion law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Nicaragua" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Nicaragua">LGBT rights</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Executive</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Nicaragua" title="President of Nicaragua">President</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Ortega" title="Daniel Ortega">Daniel Ortega</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_Nicaragua" title="Vice President of Nicaragua">Vice President</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Rosario_Murillo" title="Rosario Murillo">Rosario Murillo</a></dd></dl></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Legislature</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Nicaragua)" title="National Assembly (Nicaragua)">National Assembly</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_National_Assembly_of_Nicaragua" title="List of presidents of the National Assembly of Nicaragua">President</a>: <a href="/wiki/Gustavo_Porras_Cort%C3%A9s" title="Gustavo Porras Cortés">Gustavo Porras Cortés</a></dd></dl></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Nicaragua" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative divisions of Nicaragua">Administrative divisions</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Departments_of_Nicaragua" title="Departments of Nicaragua">Departments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Nicaragua" title="Municipalities of Nicaragua">Municipalities</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Nicaragua" title="Elections in Nicaragua">Elections</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"> <ul><li>Recent elections <dl><dd><div class="hlist"><ul><li>General: <a href="/wiki/2011_Nicaraguan_general_election" title="2011 Nicaraguan general election">2011</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2016_Nicaraguan_general_election" title="2016 Nicaraguan general election">2016</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2021_Nicaraguan_general_election" title="2021 Nicaraguan general election">2021</a></li></ul></div></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Nicaragua" title="List of political parties in Nicaragua">Political parties</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Nicaragua" title="Foreign relations of Nicaragua">Foreign relations</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"> <ul><li>Ministry of Foreign Affairs <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Nicaragua)" title="Minister of Foreign Affairs (Nicaragua)">Minister</a>: Denis Moncada Colindres</dd></dl></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_of_Nicaragua" title="List of diplomatic missions of Nicaragua">Diplomatic missions of</a> / <a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_in_Nicaragua" title="List of diplomatic missions in Nicaragua">in Nicaragua</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nicaraguan_passport" title="Nicaraguan passport">Passport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_requirements_for_Nicaraguan_citizens" title="Visa requirements for Nicaraguan citizens">Visa requirements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_policy_of_Nicaragua" title="Visa policy of Nicaragua">Visa policy</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/32px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/48px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/64px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Nicaragua" title="Portal:Nicaragua">Nicaragua portal</a> <div class="hlist" style="text-align:center;font-weight:normal;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_political_science#Politics_by_region" title="Outline of political science">Other countries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Politics_of_Nicaragua" title="Template:Politics of Nicaragua"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Politics_of_Nicaragua" title="Template talk:Politics of Nicaragua"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Politics_of_Nicaragua" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Politics of Nicaragua"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="float:right; margin:0 0 1em 1em;clear:right; border: 1px solid #999; background:#F0FFF0; text-align:center;width:100px;" class="toccolours"> <tbody><tr> <th style="font-size:111%; background-color:#90EE90"><b>Life in <a href="/wiki/Nicaragua" title="Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></b> </th></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CarnavalNica.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/CarnavalNica.jpg/100px-CarnavalNica.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/CarnavalNica.jpg/150px-CarnavalNica.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/CarnavalNica.jpg/200px-CarnavalNica.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="667" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="font-size: 90%; text-align:left; background-color: #a3bfb1"> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="padding:0 5px;"><a href="/wiki/Nicaraguan_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicaraguan art">Art</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding:0 5px;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_Nicaragua&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cinema of Nicaragua (page does not exist)">Cinema</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding:0 5px;"><a href="/wiki/Nicaraguan_cuisine" title="Nicaraguan cuisine">Cuisine</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding:0 5px;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Nicaragua" title="Culture of Nicaragua">Culture</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding:0 5px;"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Nicaragua" title="Demographics of Nicaragua">Demographics</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding:0 5px;"><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Nicaragua" title="Education in Nicaragua">Education</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding:0 5px;"><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Nicaragua" title="Public holidays in Nicaragua">Holidays</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding:0 5px;"><a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_in_Nicaragua" class="mw-redirect" title="Human Rights in Nicaragua">Human Rights</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding:0 5px;"><a href="/wiki/Nicaraguan_literature" title="Nicaraguan literature">Literature</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding:0 5px;"><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Nicaragua" title="Music of Nicaragua">Music</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding:0 5px;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Politics</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding:0 5px;"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Nicaragua" title="Religion in Nicaragua">Religion</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding:0 5px;"><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Nicaragua" title="Tourism in Nicaragua">Tourism</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Nicaragua</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Presidential_system" title="Presidential system">presidential</a> <a href="/wiki/Republic" title="Republic">republic</a>, in which the <a href="/wiki/President_of_Nicaragua" title="President of Nicaragua">President of Nicaragua</a> is both <a href="/wiki/Head_of_state" title="Head of state">head of state</a> and <a href="/wiki/Head_of_government" title="Head of government">head of government</a>, and there is a <a href="/wiki/Multi-party_system" title="Multi-party system">multi-party system</a>. <a href="/wiki/Executive_power" class="mw-redirect" title="Executive power">Executive power</a> is exercised by the government. <a href="/wiki/Legislative_power" class="mw-redirect" title="Legislative power">Legislative power</a> is vested in both the <a href="/wiki/Government" title="Government">government</a> and the <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_of_Nicaragua" class="mw-redirect" title="National Assembly of Nicaragua">National Assembly</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Judiciary" title="Judiciary">judiciary</a> is independent of the executive and the legislature. </p><p>According to the <a href="/wiki/V-Dem_Democracy_indices" class="mw-redirect" title="V-Dem Democracy indices">V-Dem Democracy indices</a> Nicaragua is 2023 the least <a href="/wiki/Democracy_in_Latin_America_and_the_Caribbean" title="Democracy in Latin America and the Caribbean">electoral democratic country in Latin America</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-vdem_dataset_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vdem_dataset-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Constitution">Constitution</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Politics_of_Nicaragua&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Constitution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Nicaragua" title="Constitution of Nicaragua">Constitution of Nicaragua</a></div> <p>In 1995, the executive and legislative branches negotiated a reform of the 1987 <a href="/wiki/Sandinista_National_Liberation_Front" title="Sandinista National Liberation Front">Sandinista</a> constitution which gave extensive new powers and independence to the <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_of_Nicaragua" class="mw-redirect" title="National Assembly of Nicaragua">National Assembly</a>, including permitting the Assembly to override a presidential <a href="/wiki/Veto" title="Veto">veto</a> with a simple majority vote and eliminating the <a href="/wiki/President_of_Nicaragua" title="President of Nicaragua">president</a>'s ability to pocket veto a bill. Members of the unicameral National Assembly are elected to concurrent five-year terms. </p><p>In January 2014, the National Assembly approved changes to the constitution, removing presidential term limits. This allowed current President <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Ortega" title="Daniel Ortega">Daniel Ortega</a> to run for a third successive term.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Executive_branch">Executive branch</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Politics_of_Nicaragua&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Executive branch"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Nicaragua" title="Government of Nicaragua">Government of Nicaragua</a></div> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"> <caption>Main office-holders </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Office </th> <th scope="col">Name </th> <th scope="col">Party </th> <th scope="col">Since </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/President_of_Nicaragua" title="President of Nicaragua">President</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Ortega" title="Daniel Ortega">Daniel Ortega</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sandinista_National_Liberation_Front" title="Sandinista National Liberation Front">FSLN</a> </td> <td>11 January 2016 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_Nicaragua" title="Vice President of Nicaragua">Vice President</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rosario_Murillo" title="Rosario Murillo">Rosario Murillo</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sandinista_National_Liberation_Front" title="Sandinista National Liberation Front">FSLN</a> </td> <td>11 January 2016 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The president and the vice president are elected for a single five-year term. With the reform of the constitution in 2014 the ban on re-election of the president has been removed.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The president appoints the Council of Ministers. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legislative_branch">Legislative branch</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Politics_of_Nicaragua&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Legislative branch"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_of_Nicaragua" class="mw-redirect" title="National Assembly of Nicaragua">National Assembly of Nicaragua</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_of_Nicaragua" class="mw-redirect" title="National Assembly of Nicaragua">National Assembly</a> <i>(Asamblea Nacional)</i> consists of 90 deputies elected from party lists drawn at the department and national level, plus the outgoing president and the runner-up in the presidential race, for a total of 92. In the 2011 elections, the <a href="/wiki/Sandinista_National_Liberation_Front" title="Sandinista National Liberation Front">Sandinista National Liberation Front</a> won 63 seats (securing a majority), the <a href="/wiki/Independent_Liberal_Party_(Nicaragua)" title="Independent Liberal Party (Nicaragua)">Independent Liberal Party</a> won 27 seats, and the <a href="/wiki/Constitutionalist_Liberal_Party" title="Constitutionalist Liberal Party">Constitutionalist Liberal Party</a> won 2 seats. This includes seats given to outgoing Vice President <a href="/wiki/Jaime_Morales_Carazo" title="Jaime Morales Carazo">Jaime Morales Carazo</a> and presidential runner-up <a href="/wiki/Fabio_Gadea_Mantilla" title="Fabio Gadea Mantilla">Fabio Gadea Mantilla</a>. </p><p>Outgoing Vice President Jaime Morales Carazot's seat would usually be given to the outgoing president. However, Danial Ortega was re-elected after the Constitution was modified to remove term limits. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_parties_and_elections">Political parties and elections</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Politics_of_Nicaragua&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Political parties and elections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other political parties, see <a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Nicaragua" title="List of political parties in Nicaragua">List of political parties in Nicaragua</a>. An overview on elections and election results is included in <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Nicaragua" title="Elections in Nicaragua">Elections in Nicaragua</a>.</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Judicial_branch">Judicial branch</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Politics_of_Nicaragua&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Judicial branch"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Justice_(Nicaragua)" class="mw-redirect" title="Supreme Court of Justice (Nicaragua)">Supreme Court of Justice</a> supervises the functioning of the still largely ineffective and overburdened judicial system. As part of the 1995 constitutional reforms, the independence of the Supreme Court was strengthened by increasing the number of magistrates from 9 to 12. In 2000, the number of Supreme Court Justices was increased to 16. Supreme Court justices are nominated by the political parties and elected to 5-year terms by the National Assembly. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Electoral_branch">Electoral branch</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Politics_of_Nicaragua&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Electoral branch"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Led by a council of seven magistrates, the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Electoral_Council_(Nicaragua)" title="Supreme Electoral Council (Nicaragua)">Supreme Electoral Council</a> (CSE) is the co-equal branch of government responsible for organizing and conducting elections, plebiscites, and referendums. The magistrates and their alternates are elected to 5-year terms by the National Assembly. Constitutional changes in 2000 expanded the number of CSE magistrates from five to seven and gave the PLC and the FSLN a freer hand to name party activists to the council, prompting allegations that both parties were politicizing electoral institutions and processes and excluding smaller political parties. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Human_rights">Human rights</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Politics_of_Nicaragua&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Human rights"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Nicaragua" title="Human rights in Nicaragua">Human rights in Nicaragua</a>, <a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Nicaragua" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Nicaragua">LGBT rights in Nicaragua</a>, and <a href="/wiki/2018%E2%80%932022_Nicaraguan_protests" class="mw-redirect" title="2018–2022 Nicaraguan protests">2018–2022 Nicaraguan protests</a></div> <p>Freedom of speech is a right guaranteed by the Nicaraguan constitution, but media has come under censorship from time to time.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other constitutional freedoms include peaceful assembly and association, freedom of religion, and freedom of movement within the country, as well as foreign travel, emigration, and repatriation. The government also permits domestic and international human rights monitors to operate freely in Nicaragua. </p><p>The constitution prohibits discrimination based on birth, nationality, political belief, race, gender, language, religion, opinion, national origin, economic or social condition. Homosexuality has been legal since 2008. </p><p>All public and private sector workers, except the military and the police, are entitled to form and join unions of their own choosing, and they exercise this right extensively.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nearly half of Nicaragua's work force, including agricultural workers, is <a href="/wiki/Trade_union" title="Trade union">unionized</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Workers have the right to strike. <a href="/wiki/Collective_bargaining" title="Collective bargaining">Collective bargaining</a> is becoming more common in the private sector.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Administrative_divisions">Administrative divisions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Politics_of_Nicaragua&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Administrative divisions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Departments_of_Nicaragua" title="Departments of Nicaragua">Departments of Nicaragua</a></div> <p>Nicaragua is divided into 15 departments: <a href="/wiki/Boaco_Department" title="Boaco Department">Boaco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carazo_Department" title="Carazo Department">Carazo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chinandega_Department" title="Chinandega Department">Chinandega</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chontales_Department" title="Chontales Department">Chontales</a>, <a href="/wiki/Estel%C3%AD_Department" title="Estelí Department">Estelí</a>, <a href="/wiki/Granada_Department" title="Granada Department">Granada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jinotega_Department" title="Jinotega Department">Jinotega</a>, <a href="/wiki/Le%C3%B3n_Department" title="León Department">León</a>, <a href="/wiki/Madriz_Department" title="Madriz Department">Madriz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Managua_Department" title="Managua Department">Managua</a>, <a href="/wiki/Masaya_Department" title="Masaya Department">Masaya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Matagalpa_Department" title="Matagalpa Department">Matagalpa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nueva_Segovia_Department" title="Nueva Segovia Department">Nueva Segovia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rivas_Department" title="Rivas Department">Rivas</a>, <a href="/wiki/R%C3%ADo_San_Juan_Department" title="Río San Juan Department">Río San Juan</a>, as well as in two autonomous regions: <a href="/wiki/North_Caribbean_Coast_Autonomous_Region" title="North Caribbean Coast Autonomous Region">North Caribbean Coast Autonomous Region</a> and <a href="/wiki/South_Caribbean_Coast_Autonomous_Region" title="South Caribbean Coast Autonomous Region">South Caribbean Coast Autonomous Region</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Foreign_relations">Foreign relations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Politics_of_Nicaragua&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Foreign relations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Nicaragua" title="Foreign relations of Nicaragua">Foreign relations of Nicaragua</a></div> <p>Nicaragua President <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Ortega" title="Daniel Ortega">Daniel Ortega</a> said March 6, 2008 that the nation is breaking <a href="/wiki/Colombia%E2%80%93Nicaragua_relations" title="Colombia–Nicaragua relations">relations with Colombia</a> "in solidarity with the <a href="/wiki/Ecuador" title="Ecuador">Ecuadoran</a> people", following the <a href="/wiki/2008_Andean_diplomatic_crisis" title="2008 Andean diplomatic crisis">2008 Andean diplomatic crisis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The relations were restored soon after. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_pressure_groups">Political pressure groups</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Politics_of_Nicaragua&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Political pressure groups"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some political pressure groups are: </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Workers_Front&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Workers Front (page does not exist)">National Workers Front</a> or FNT is a Sandinista umbrella group of eight labor unions, including <ul><li>Farm Workers Association or ATC</li> <li>Health Workers Federation or FETSALUD</li> <li>Heroes and Martyrs Confederation of Professional Associations or CONAPRO</li> <li>National Association of Educators of Nicaragua or ANDEN</li> <li>National Union of Employees or UNE</li> <li>National Union of Farmers and Ranchers or UNAG</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandinista_Workers%27_Centre" title="Sandinista Workers' Centre">Sandinista Workers' Centre</a> or CST</li> <li>Union of Journalists of Nicaragua or UPN</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Permanent_Congress_of_Workers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Permanent Congress of Workers (page does not exist)">Permanent Congress of Workers</a> or CPT is an umbrella group of four non-Sandinista labor unions, including <ul><li>Autonomous Nicaraguan Workers Central or CTN-A</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederation_of_Labour_Unification" class="mw-redirect" title="Confederation of Labour Unification">Confederation of Labour Unification</a> or CUS</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CGTi" class="mw-redirect" title="CGTi">Independent General Confederation of Labor</a> or CGT-I</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_de_Acci%C3%B3n_y_Unificaci%C3%B3n_Sindical" title="Central de Acción y Unificación Sindical">Labor Action and Unity Central</a> or CAUS</li></ul></li> <li>Nicaraguan Workers' Central or CTN is an independent labor union</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superior_Council_of_Private_Enterprise" class="mw-redirect" title="Superior Council of Private Enterprise">Superior Council of Private Enterprise</a> or COSEP is a confederation of business groups</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Politics_of_Nicaragua&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/32px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/48px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/64px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Nicaragua" title="Portal:Nicaragua">Nicaragua portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2013%E2%80%932019_Nicaraguan_protests" class="mw-redirect" title="2013–2019 Nicaraguan protests">2013-2019 Nicaraguan protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Council_of_State_of_Nicaragua" title="President of the Council of State of Nicaragua">President of the Council of State of Nicaragua</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Politics_of_Nicaragua&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-vdem_dataset-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-vdem_dataset_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+V-Dem+Dataset&rft.date=2023&rft.au=V-Dem+Institute&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.v-dem.net%2Fdata%2Fthe-v-dem-dataset%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitics+of+Nicaragua" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-25937292">"Nicaragua: Ortega allowed to run for third successive term"</a>. <i>BBC</i>. British Broadcasting Corporation. 29 January 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-11-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BTI+2022&rft.atitle=BTI+2022+Nicaragua+Country+Report&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbti-project.org%2Fen%2Freports%2Fcountry-report%3Fisocode%3DNIC%26cHash%3D8def6c0134219a5d988ac6b38f512a20&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitics+of+Nicaragua" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAvenueYorkNy_10001" class="citation web cs1">Avenue, Committee to Protect Journalists 330 7th; York, 11th Floor New; Ny 10001. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cpj.org/reports/2009/07/daniel-ortegas-media-war.php">"Nicaragua Special Report: Daniel Ortega's Media War"</a>. <i>cpj.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-12-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=cpj.org&rft.atitle=Nicaragua+Special+Report%3A+Daniel+Ortega%27s+Media+War&rft.aulast=Avenue&rft.aufirst=Committee+to+Protect+Journalists+330+7th&rft.au=York%2C+11th+Floor+New&rft.au=Ny+10001&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcpj.org%2Freports%2F2009%2F07%2Fdaniel-ortegas-media-war.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitics+of+Nicaragua" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-17906348">"Last founder of Sandinistas dies"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 2012-05-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-12-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Last+founder+of+Sandinistas+dies&rft.date=2012-05-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-latin-america-17906348&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitics+of+Nicaragua" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcDonald2018" class="citation news cs1">McDonald, Michael (27 December 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-12-27/nicaragua-suffers-worst-slump-in-30-years-amid-ortega-crackdown">"Nicaragua Suffers Worst Slump in 30 Years Amid Ortega Crackdown"</a>. <i>Bloomberg.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-12-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bloomberg.com&rft.atitle=Nicaragua+Suffers+Worst+Slump+in+30+Years+Amid+Ortega+Crackdown&rft.date=2018-12-27&rft.aulast=McDonald&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2F2018-12-27%2Fnicaragua-suffers-worst-slump-in-30-years-amid-ortega-crackdown&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitics+of+Nicaragua" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUSA2013" class="citation book cs1">USA, IBP (August 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7TmyDwAAQBAJ&q=Nicaragua%2C+are+entitled+to+form+and+join+unions&pg=PA24"><i>Nicaragua Investment and Business Guide Volume 1 Strategic and Practical Information</i></a>. Lulu.com. p. 24. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4387-6836-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4387-6836-6"><bdi>978-1-4387-6836-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nicaragua+Investment+and+Business+Guide+Volume+1+Strategic+and+Practical+Information&rft.pages=24&rft.pub=Lulu.com&rft.date=2013-08&rft.isbn=978-1-4387-6836-6&rft.aulast=USA&rft.aufirst=IBP&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7TmyDwAAQBAJ%26q%3DNicaragua%252C%2Bare%2Bentitled%2Bto%2Bform%2Band%2Bjoin%2Bunions%26pg%3DPA24&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitics+of+Nicaragua" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HfQ65zPH1RkC&q=Nicaragua%27s+work+force%2C++unionized&pg=PA511"><i>Country Reports on Human Rights Practices: Report Submitted to the Committee on Foreign Affairs, U.S. House of Representatives and Committee on Foreign Relations, U.S. Senate by the Department of State in Accordance with Sections 116(d) and 502B(b) of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, as Amended</i></a>. U.S. Government Printing Office. 1994. p. 511. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780160436277" title="Special:BookSources/9780160436277"><bdi>9780160436277</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Country+Reports+on+Human+Rights+Practices%3A+Report+Submitted+to+the+Committee+on+Foreign+Affairs%2C+U.S.+House+of+Representatives+and+Committee+on+Foreign+Relations%2C+U.S.+Senate+by+the+Department+of+State+in+Accordance+with+Sections+116%28d%29+and+502B%28b%29+of+the+Foreign+Assistance+Act+of+1961%2C+as+Amended&rft.pages=511&rft.pub=U.S.+Government+Printing+Office&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=9780160436277&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHfQ65zPH1RkC%26q%3DNicaragua%2527s%2Bwork%2Bforce%252C%2B%2Bunionized%26pg%3DPA511&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitics+of+Nicaragua" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FN9OAQAAMAAJ&q=Nicaragua%2C++Collective+bargaining+is+becoming+more+common+in+the+private+sector&pg=PA402"><i>Country Reports on Economic Policy and Trade Practices: Report Submitted to the Committee on Foreign Relations, Committee on Finance of the U.S. Senate and the Committee on Foreign Affairs, Committee on Ways and Means of the U.S. House of Representatives by the Department of State in Accordance with Section 2202 of the Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act of 1988</i></a>. U.S. Government Printing Office. 1994. p. 402. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-16-043951-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-16-043951-3"><bdi>978-0-16-043951-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Country+Reports+on+Economic+Policy+and+Trade+Practices%3A+Report+Submitted+to+the+Committee+on+Foreign+Relations%2C+Committee+on+Finance+of+the+U.S.+Senate+and+the+Committee+on+Foreign+Affairs%2C+Committee+on+Ways+and+Means+of+the+U.S.+House+of+Representatives+by+the+Department+of+State+in+Accordance+with+Section+2202+of+the+Omnibus+Trade+and+Competitiveness+Act+of+1988&rft.pages=402&rft.pub=U.S.+Government+Printing+Office&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-16-043951-3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFN9OAQAAMAAJ%26q%3DNicaragua%252C%2B%2BCollective%2Bbargaining%2Bis%2Bbecoming%2Bmore%2Bcommon%2Bin%2Bthe%2Bprivate%2Bsector%26pg%3DPA402&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitics+of+Nicaragua" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://edition.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/americas/03/06/nic.colombia/index.html">"CNN"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CNN&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2008%2FWORLD%2Famericas%2F03%2F06%2Fnic.colombia%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitics+of+Nicaragua" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Politics_of_Nicaragua&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.asamblea.gob.ni/">National Assembly of Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100508130336/http://www.presidencia.gob.ni/">Presidency of Nicarágua</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.poderjudicial.gob.ni/">Supreme Court of Nicarágua</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output 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class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nicaragua_topics" title="Template:Nicaragua topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Nicaragua_topics" title="Template talk:Nicaragua topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nicaragua_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Nicaragua topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Nicaragua_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Nicaragua" title="Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a> <a href="/wiki/Index_of_Nicaragua-related_articles" title="Index of Nicaragua-related articles">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Nicaragua" title="History of Nicaragua">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nicarao_(cacique)" title="Nicarao (cacique)">Nicarao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_Nicaragua" title="Spanish conquest of Nicaragua">Spanish conquest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_America_under_Mexican_rule" title="Central America under Mexican rule">Mexican rule (1822–1823)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Republic_of_Central_America" title="Federal Republic of Central America">Federal Republic of Central America (1823–1838)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosquito_Coast" title="Mosquito Coast">Mosquito Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_occupation_of_Nicaragua" title="United States occupation of Nicaragua">United States occupation (1912–1933)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somoza_family" title="Somoza family">Somoza Family (1936–1979)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandinista_National_Liberation_Front" title="Sandinista National Liberation Front">Sandinistas</a> <a href="/wiki/Contras" title="Contras">v. Contras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Nicaragua_(1979%E2%80%931990)" title="History of Nicaragua (1979–1990)">Sandinista period (1979–1990)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Nicaragua#Post-Sandinista_period_(1990-)" title="History of Nicaragua">Post-Sandinista period (1990–)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Nicaragua" title="Geography of Nicaragua">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Nicaragua" title="Climate change in Nicaragua">Climate change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_Nicaragua" title="List of earthquakes in Nicaragua">Earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ecoregions_in_Nicaragua" title="List of ecoregions in Nicaragua">Ecoregions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Nicaragua" title="Fauna of Nicaragua">Fauna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Nicaragua" title="List of islands of Nicaragua">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes#Nicaragua" title="List of lakes">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mountains_of_Nicaragua" title="Category:Mountains of Nicaragua">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Nicaragua" title="Municipalities of Nicaragua">Municipalities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protected_areas_of_Nicaragua" title="Protected areas of Nicaragua">Protected areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Nicaragua" title="List of rivers of Nicaragua">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_volcanoes_in_Nicaragua" title="List of volcanoes in Nicaragua">Volcanoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_resources_management_in_Nicaragua" title="Water resources management in Nicaragua">Water resources</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Departments_of_Nicaragua" title="Departments of Nicaragua">Administrative divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Nicaragua" title="Constitution of Nicaragua">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Nicaragua" title="Elections in Nicaragua">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Nicaragua" title="Foreign relations of Nicaragua">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Nicaragua" title="Government of Nicaragua">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Human_rights_in_Nicaragua" title="Category:Human rights in Nicaragua">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Nicaragua" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Nicaragua">LGBT rights</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Nicaragua" title="Law enforcement in Nicaragua">Law enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicaraguan_Armed_Forces" title="Nicaraguan Armed Forces">Armed Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Nicaragua)" title="National Assembly (Nicaragua)">National Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Nicaragua" title="List of political parties in Nicaragua">Political parties</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Nicaragua" title="President of Nicaragua">President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_disputes_of_Nicaragua" title="Territorial disputes of Nicaragua">Territorial disputes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Nicaragua" title="Economy of Nicaragua">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Nicaragua" title="Agriculture in Nicaragua">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banking_in_Nicaragua" title="Banking in Nicaragua">Banking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bank_of_Nicaragua" title="Central Bank of Nicaragua">Central Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicaraguan_c%C3%B3rdoba" title="Nicaraguan córdoba">Córdoba <span style="font-size:85%;">(currency)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_Nicaragua" title="Economic history of Nicaragua">Economic history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electricity_sector_in_Nicaragua" title="Electricity sector in Nicaragua">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attempts_to_build_a_canal_across_Nicaragua" title="Attempts to build a canal across Nicaragua">Nicaragua Canal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolsa_de_Valores_de_Nicaragua" title="Bolsa de Valores de Nicaragua">Stock Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Nicaragua" title="Telecommunications in Nicaragua">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Nicaragua" title="Tourism in Nicaragua">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Nicaragua" title="Transport in Nicaragua">Transport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Nicaragua" title="Category:Society of Nicaragua">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_Nicaragua" title="Corruption in Nicaragua">Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Nicaragua" title="Demographics of Nicaragua">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Nicaragua" title="Education in Nicaragua">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ethnic_groups_in_Nicaragua" title="Category:Ethnic groups in Nicaragua">Ethnic groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Nicaragua" title="Languages of Nicaragua">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_Nicaragua" title="Health in Nicaragua">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Nicaragua" title="Religion in Nicaragua">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_Nicaragua" title="Water supply and sanitation in Nicaragua">Water supply and sanitation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Nicaragua" title="Culture of Nicaragua">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nicaraguan_cuisine" title="Nicaraguan cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nicaraguan_films" title="List of Nicaraguan films">Film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicaraguan_literature" title="Nicaraguan literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Nicaragua" title="Music of Nicaragua">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_Nicaragua" title="Mass media in Nicaragua">Mass media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_in_Nicaragua" title="List of museums in Nicaragua">Museums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_Nicaragua" title="National symbols of Nicaragua">National symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Nicaragua" title="Public holidays in Nicaragua">Public holidays</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Nicaragua" title="Outline of Nicaragua">Outline</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Nicaragua-related_articles" title="Index of Nicaragua-related articles">Index</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Nicaragua" title="Bibliography of Nicaragua">Bibliography</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Nicaragua" title="Category:Nicaragua">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Nicaragua" title="Portal:Nicaragua">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Politics_of_the_Americas" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Americas_topic" title="Template:Americas topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Americas_topic" title="Template talk:Americas topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Americas_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Americas topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Politics_of_the_Americas" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Politics of the Americas</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_in_the_Americas" class="mw-redirect" title="List of sovereign states in the Americas">Sovereign<br />states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Politics of Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Argentina" title="Politics of Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Bahamas" title="Politics of the Bahamas">Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Barbados" title="Politics of Barbados">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Belize" title="Politics of Belize">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Bolivia" title="Politics of Bolivia">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Brazil" title="Politics of Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Canada" title="Politics of Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Chile" title="Politics of Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Colombia" title="Politics of Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Costa_Rica" title="Politics of Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Cuba" title="Politics of Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Dominica" title="Politics of Dominica">Dominica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Politics of the Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Ecuador" title="Politics of Ecuador">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_El_Salvador" title="Politics of El Salvador">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Grenada" title="Politics of Grenada">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Guatemala" title="Politics of Guatemala">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Guyana" title="Politics of Guyana">Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Haiti" title="Politics of Haiti">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Honduras" title="Politics of Honduras">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Jamaica" title="Politics of Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Mexico" title="Politics of Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Panama" title="Politics of Panama">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Paraguay" title="Politics of Paraguay">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Peru" title="Politics of Peru">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" title="Politics of Saint Kitts and Nevis">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Saint_Lucia" title="Politics of Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" title="Politics of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Suriname" title="Politics of Suriname">Suriname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Politics of Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_United_States" title="Politics of the United States">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Uruguay" title="Politics of Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Venezuela" title="Politics of Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependencies</a><br />and <a href="/wiki/Territory" title="Territory">territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Anguilla" title="Politics of Anguilla">Anguilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Aruba" title="Politics of Aruba">Aruba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Bermuda" title="Politics of Bermuda">Bermuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Bonaire" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics of Bonaire">Bonaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_British_Virgin_Islands" title="Politics of the British Virgin Islands">British Virgin Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Cayman_Islands" title="Politics of the Cayman Islands">Cayman Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Cura%C3%A7ao" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics of Curaçao">Curaçao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Falkland_Islands" title="Politics of the Falkland Islands">Falkland Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_French_Guiana" title="Politics of French Guiana">French Guiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Greenland" title="Politics of Greenland">Greenland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Guadeloupe" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics of Guadeloupe">Guadeloupe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Martinique" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics of Martinique">Martinique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Montserrat" title="Politics of Montserrat">Montserrat</a></li> <li><a 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