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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Trigonometry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Trigonometry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Trigonometry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Examples_from_programming_languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Examples_from_programming_languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Examples from programming languages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Examples_from_programming_languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-JavaScript" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#JavaScript"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5.1</span> <span>JavaScript</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-JavaScript-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-C_family_of_languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#C_family_of_languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5.2</span> <span>C family of languages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-C_family_of_languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Unix_shell_(Bash)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Unix_shell_(Bash)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5.3</span> <span>Unix shell (Bash)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Unix_shell_(Bash)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-PowerShell" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#PowerShell"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5.4</span> <span>PowerShell</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-PowerShell-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Unary operation</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 35 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-35" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">35 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A3%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="عملية أحادية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="عملية أحادية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unar_%C9%99m%C9%99liyyat" title="Unar əməliyyat – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Unar əməliyyat" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Унарна операция – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Унарна операция" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operaci%C3%B3_un%C3%A0ria" title="Operació unària – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Operació unària" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Un%C3%A1rn%C3%AD_operace" title="Unární operace – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Unární operace" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Un%C3%A6r_operator" title="Unær operator – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Unær operator" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Einstellige_Verkn%C3%BCpfung" title="Einstellige Verknüpfung – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Einstellige Verknüpfung" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unaarne_tehe" title="Unaarne tehe – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Unaarne tehe" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%AF%CE%B1_%CF%80%CF%81%CE%AC%CE%BE%CE%B7" title="Μοναδιαία πράξη – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μοναδιαία πράξη" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operaci%C3%B3n_unaria" title="Operación unaria – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Operación unaria" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unuvalenta_operacio" title="Unuvalenta operacio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Unuvalenta operacio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%84_%DB%8C%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C" title="عمل یگانی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="عمل یگانی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Op%C3%A9ration_unaire" title="Opération unaire – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Opération unaire" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8B%A8%ED%95%AD%EC%97%B0%EC%82%B0" title="단항연산 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="단항연산" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operasi_uner" title="Operasi uner – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Operasi uner" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operazione_unaria" title="Operazione unaria – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Operazione unaria" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%94_%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%AA" title="פעולה אונארית – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פעולה אונארית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Унарна операција – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Унарна операција" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unaire_operatie" title="Unaire operatie – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Unaire operatie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%98%E9%A0%85%E6%BC%94%E7%AE%97" title="単項演算 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="単項演算" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Un%C3%A6r_operasjon" title="Unær operasjon – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Unær operasjon" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dzia%C5%82anie_jednoargumentowe" title="Działanie jednoargumentowe – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Działanie jednoargumentowe" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opera%C3%A7%C3%A3o_un%C3%A1ria" title="Operação unária – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Operação unária" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opera%C8%9Bie_unar%C4%83" title="Operație unară – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Operație unară" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Унарная операция – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Унарная операция" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eno%C4%8Dlena_operacija" title="Enočlena operacija – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Enočlena operacija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Унарна операција – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Унарна операција" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Un%C3%A4r_operator" title="Unär operator – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Unär operator" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operasyong_isahan" title="Operasyong isahan – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Operasyong isahan" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%93%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF" title="ஓருறுப்புச் செயலி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஓருறுப்புச் செயலி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%84" title="การดำเนินการเอกภาค – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="การดำเนินการเอกภาค" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Унарна операція – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Унарна операція" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ph%C3%A9p_to%C3%A1n_m%E1%BB%99t_ng%C3%B4i" title="Phép toán một ngôi – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Phép toán một ngôi" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E5%85%83%E9%81%8B%E7%AE%97" title="一元運算 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="一元運算" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E5%85%83%E9%81%8B%E7%AE%97" title="一元運算 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="一元運算" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q657596#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div 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.ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Unary_operation" title="Special:EditPage/Unary operation">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Unary+operation%22">"Unary operation"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Unary+operation%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Unary+operation%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Unary+operation%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Unary+operation%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Unary+operation%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2010</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Mathematics" title="Mathematics">mathematics</a>, a <b>unary operation</b> is an <a href="/wiki/Operation_(mathematics)" title="Operation (mathematics)">operation</a> with only one <a href="/wiki/Operand" title="Operand">operand</a>, i.e. a single input.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is in contrast to <a href="/wiki/Binary_operation" title="Binary operation">binary operations</a>, which use two operands.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An example is any <a href="/wiki/Function_(mathematics)" title="Function (mathematics)">function</a> <span class="nowrap">⁠<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f:A\rightarrow A}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>f</mi> <mo>:</mo> <mi>A</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mi>A</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f:A\rightarrow A}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/2358384a88054384a8fd5c9d53c00f102e114b2f" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:10.316ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f:A\rightarrow A}"></span>⁠</span>, where <span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">A</span> is a <a href="/wiki/Set_(mathematics)" title="Set (mathematics)">set</a>. The function <span class="nowrap">⁠<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>f</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/132e57acb643253e7810ee9702d9581f159a1c61" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.279ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f}"></span>⁠</span> is a unary operation on <span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">A</span>. </p><p>Common notations are <a href="/wiki/Prefix_notation" class="mw-redirect" title="Prefix notation">prefix notation</a> (e.g. <a href="/wiki/%C2%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="¬">¬</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E2%88%92" class="mw-redirect" title="−">−</a>), <a href="/wiki/Postfix_notation" class="mw-redirect" title="Postfix notation">postfix notation</a> (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Factorial" title="Factorial">factorial</a> <span class="texhtml"><i>n</i>!</span>), functional notation (e.g. <span class="texhtml"><a href="/wiki/Sine" class="mw-redirect" title="Sine">sin</a> <i>x</i></span> or <span class="texhtml">sin(<i>x</i>)</span>), and <a href="/wiki/Superscript" class="mw-redirect" title="Superscript">superscripts</a> (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Transpose" title="Transpose">transpose</a> <span class="texhtml"><i>A</i><sup>T</sup></span>). Other notations exist as well, for example, in the case of the <a href="/wiki/Square_root" title="Square root">square root</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Vinculum_(symbol)" title="Vinculum (symbol)">horizontal bar</a> extending the square root sign over the argument can indicate the extent of the argument. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Examples">Examples</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unary_operation&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Examples"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Absolute_value">Absolute value</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unary_operation&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Absolute value"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Obtaining the <a href="/wiki/Absolute_value" title="Absolute value">absolute value</a> of a number is a unary operation. This function is defined as <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle |n|={\begin{cases}n,&{\mbox{if }}n\geq 0\\-n,&{\mbox{if }}n<0\end{cases}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow> <mo>{</mo> <mtable columnalign="left left" rowspacing=".2em" columnspacing="1em" displaystyle="false"> <mtr> <mtd> <mi>n</mi> <mo>,</mo> </mtd> <mtd> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext>if </mtext> </mstyle> </mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo>≥</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mo>−</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo>,</mo> </mtd> <mtd> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext>if </mtext> </mstyle> </mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo><</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> <mo fence="true" stretchy="true" symmetric="true"></mo> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle |n|={\begin{cases}n,&{\mbox{if }}n\geq 0\\-n,&{\mbox{if }}n<0\end{cases}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/5e1cf3cc826afbb6558f53154a46b977f4f93af4" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:22.049ex; height:6.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle |n|={\begin{cases}n,&{\mbox{if }}n\geq 0\\-n,&{\mbox{if }}n<0\end{cases}}}"></span> where <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle |n|}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle |n|}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/35a62139afd28f74d3306e3bf603bebdecefe169" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:2.688ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle |n|}"></span> is the absolute value of <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle n}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>n</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle n}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a601995d55609f2d9f5e233e36fbe9ea26011b3b" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.395ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle n}"></span>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Negation">Negation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unary_operation&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Negation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This is used to find the negative value of a single number. Here are some examples: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle -(3)=-3}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mo>−</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>3</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>=</mo> <mo>−</mo> <mn>3</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle -(3)=-3}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/932c66ad17da572a9a3347caf94c1d6b3ca26ceb" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:10.849ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle -(3)=-3}"></span></dd></dl> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle -(-3)=3}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mo>−</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mo>−</mo> <mn>3</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>=</mo> <mn>3</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle -(-3)=3}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/4dacddeb17f5dd477a845c03332eb325f6ef6910" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:10.849ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle -(-3)=3}"></span></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Factorial">Factorial</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unary_operation&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Factorial"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>For any positive integer <i>n</i>, the product of the integers less than or equal to <i>n</i> is a unary operation called <a href="/wiki/Factorial" title="Factorial">factorial</a>. In the context of <a href="/wiki/Complex_number" title="Complex number">complex numbers</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Gamma_function" title="Gamma function">gamma function</a> is an unary operation extension of factorial. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Trigonometry">Trigonometry</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unary_operation&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Trigonometry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Trigonometry" title="Trigonometry">trigonometry</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Trigonometric_functions" title="Trigonometric functions">trigonometric functions</a>, such as <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \sin }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>sin</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \sin }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ee55beec18afd710e7ab767964b915b020c65093" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.856ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \sin }"></span>, <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \cos }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>cos</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \cos }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/e473a3de151d75296f141f9f482fe59d582a7509" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:3.111ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \cos }"></span>, and <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \tan }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>tan</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \tan }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b57c91704d9ab0366a6436869e2968491efc5155" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:3.36ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \tan }"></span>, can be seen as unary operations. This is because it is possible to provide only one term as input for these functions and retrieve a result. By contrast, binary operations, such as <a href="/wiki/Addition" title="Addition">addition</a>, require two different terms to compute a result. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Examples_from_programming_languages">Examples from programming languages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unary_operation&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Examples from programming languages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Below is a table summarizing common unary operators along with their symbols, description, and examples:<sup id="cite_ref-summarytable_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-summarytable-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Operator</th> <th>Symbol</th> <th>Description</th> <th>Example </th></tr> <tr> <td>Increment</td> <td><code>++</code></td> <td>Increases the value of a variable by 1</td> <td><code>x = 2; ++x; // x is now 3</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Decrement</td> <td><code>−-</code></td> <td>Decreases the value of a variable by 1</td> <td><code>y = 10; --y; // y is now 9</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Unary Plus</td> <td><code>+</code></td> <td>Indicates a positive value</td> <td><code>a = -5; b = +a; // b is -5</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Unary Minus</td> <td><code>-</code></td> <td>Indicates a negative value</td> <td><code>c = 4; d = -c; // d is -4</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Logical_NOT" class="mw-redirect" title="Logical NOT">Logical NOT</a></td> <td><code>!</code></td> <td>Negates the truth value of a Boolean expression</td> <td><code>flag = true; result = !flag; // result is false</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bitwise" class="mw-redirect" title="Bitwise">Bitwise NOT</a></td> <td><code>~</code></td> <td>Bitwise negation, flips the bits of an integer</td> <td><code>num = 5; result = ~num; // result is -6</code> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="JavaScript">JavaScript</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unary_operation&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: JavaScript"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/JavaScript" title="JavaScript">JavaScript</a>, these operators are unary:<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Increment_and_decrement_operators" title="Increment and decrement operators">Increment</a>: <code>++<span style="color:gray;">x</span></code>, <code><span style="color:gray;">x</span>++</code></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Increment_and_decrement_operators" title="Increment and decrement operators">Decrement</a>: <code>--<span style="color:gray;">x</span></code>, <code><span style="color:gray;">x</span>--</code></li> <li>Positive: <code>+<span style="color:gray;">x</span></code></li> <li>Negative: <code>-<span style="color:gray;">x</span></code></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ones%27_complement" title="Ones' complement">Ones' complement</a>: <code>~<span style="color:gray;">x</span></code></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negation" title="Negation">Logical negation</a>: <code>!<span style="color:gray;">x</span></code></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="C_family_of_languages">C family of languages</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unary_operation&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: C family of languages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/C_(programming_language)" title="C (programming language)">C</a> family of languages, the following operators are unary:<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Increment_and_decrement_operators" title="Increment and decrement operators">Increment</a>: <code>++<span style="color:gray;">x</span></code>, <code><span style="color:gray;">x</span>++</code></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Increment_and_decrement_operators" title="Increment and decrement operators">Decrement</a>: <code>--<span style="color:gray;">x</span></code>, <code><span style="color:gray;">x</span>--</code></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reference_(computer_science)" title="Reference (computer science)">Address</a>: <code>&<span style="color:gray;">x</span></code></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indirection" title="Indirection">Indirection</a>: <code>*<span style="color:gray;">x</span></code></li> <li>Positive: <code>+<span style="color:gray;">x</span></code></li> <li>Negative: <code>-<span style="color:gray;">x</span></code></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ones%27_complement" title="Ones' complement">Ones' complement</a>: <code>~<span style="color:gray;">x</span></code></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negation" title="Negation">Logical negation</a>: <code>!<span style="color:gray;">x</span></code></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sizeof" title="Sizeof">Sizeof</a>: <code>sizeof <span style="color:gray;">x</span>, sizeof(<span style="color:gray;">type-name</span>)</code></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_conversion" title="Type conversion">Cast</a>: <code>(<i>type-name</i>) <i><span style="color:gray;">cast-expression</span></i></code></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Unix_shell_(Bash)"><span id="Unix_shell_.28Bash.29"></span>Unix shell (Bash)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unary_operation&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Unix shell (Bash)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Unix_shell" title="Unix shell">Unix shell</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bash_(Unix_shell)" title="Bash (Unix shell)">Bash</a>/<a href="/wiki/Bourne_shell" title="Bourne shell">Bourne Shell</a>), e.g., the following operators are unary:<sup id="cite_ref-unixbash_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unixbash-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-unarybash_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unarybash-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Pre and Post-Increment: <code>++<span style="color:gray;">$x</span></code>, <code><span style="color:gray;">$x</span>++</code></li> <li>Pre and Post-Decrement: <code>--<span style="color:gray;">$x</span></code>, <code><span style="color:gray;">$x</span>--</code></li> <li>Positive: <code>+<span style="color:gray;">$x</span></code></li> <li>Negative: <code>-<span style="color:gray;">$x</span></code></li> <li>Logical negation: <code>!<span style="color:gray;">$x</span></code></li> <li>Simple expansion: <code>$<span style="color:gray;">x</span></code></li> <li>Complex expansion: <code>${#<span style="color:gray;">x</span>}</code></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="PowerShell">PowerShell</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unary_operation&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: PowerShell"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/PowerShell" title="PowerShell">PowerShell</a>, the following operators are unary:<sup id="cite_ref-powershell_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-powershell-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Increment: <code>++<span style="color:gray;">$x</span></code>, <code><span style="color:gray;">$x</span>++</code></li> <li>Decrement: <code>--<span style="color:gray;">$x</span></code>, <code><span style="color:gray;">$x</span>--</code></li> <li>Positive: <code>+<span style="color:gray;">$x</span></code></li> <li>Negative: <code>-<span style="color:gray;">$x</span></code></li> <li>Logical negation: <code>!<span style="color:gray;">$x</span></code></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Execution_(computing)" title="Execution (computing)">Invoke</a> in current <a href="/wiki/Scope_(programming)" class="mw-redirect" title="Scope (programming)">scope</a>: <code>.<span style="color:gray;">$x</span></code></li> <li>Invoke in new scope: <code>&<span style="color:gray;">$x</span></code></li> <li>Cast: <code>[<i>type-name</i>] <i><span style="color:gray;">cast-expression</span></i></code></li> <li>Cast: <code>+<span style="color:gray;">$x</span></code></li> <li>Array: <code>,<span style="color:gray;">$array</span></code></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unary_operation&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Binary_operation" title="Binary operation">Binary operation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iterated_binary_operation" title="Iterated binary operation">Iterated binary operation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ternary_operation" title="Ternary operation">Ternary operation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arity" title="Arity">Arity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_(mathematics)" title="Operation (mathematics)">Operation (mathematics)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operator_(programming)" class="mw-redirect" title="Operator (programming)">Operator (programming)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unary_operation&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFWeisstein" class="citation web cs1">Weisstein, Eric W. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mathworld.wolfram.com/UnaryOperation.html">"Unary Operation"</a>. <i>mathworld.wolfram.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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