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href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ur.wikipedia.org&uselang=ur" class=""><span>عطیہ دیجیے</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D8%AA%D8%AE%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%82_%DA%A9%DA%BE%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%81&returnto=%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86+%28%D8%AD%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA%29" title="کھاتہ بنانے یا اس میں داخل ہونے کی سفارش کی جاتی ہے؛ تاہم یہ ضروری نہیں" class=""><span>کھاتہ بنائیں</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AE%D9%84_%DB%81%D9%88%DA%BA&returnto=%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86+%28%D8%AD%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA%29" title="کھاتے میں داخل ہونے کی سفارش کی جاتی ہے؛ تاہم 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user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ur.wikipedia.org&uselang=ur"><span>عطیہ دیجیے</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D8%AA%D8%AE%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%82_%DA%A9%DA%BE%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%81&returnto=%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86+%28%D8%AD%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA%29" title="کھاتہ بنانے یا اس میں داخل ہونے کی سفارش کی جاتی ہے؛ تاہم یہ ضروری نہیں"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>کھاتہ بنائیں</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AE%D9%84_%DB%81%D9%88%DA%BA&returnto=%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86+%28%D8%AD%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA%29" title="کھاتے میں داخل ہونے کی سفارش کی جاتی ہے؛ تاہم یہ ضروری نہیں [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>داخل ہوں</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AA:%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%81" aria-label="ترمیم کاری کے متعلق مزید تفصیلات"><span>مزید تفصیلات</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%B4%D8%B1%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%AA%DB%8C%DA%BA" title="اس آئی پی پتے سے انجام دی جانے والی تمام ترامیم کی فہرست [y]" accesskey="y"><span>شراکتیں</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7_%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%84%DB%81_%D8%AE%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%84" title="اس آئی پی پتے کی ترامیم سے متعلق گفتگو [n]" accesskey="n"><span>تبادلۂ خیال</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="ویب گاہ"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="مندرجات" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">مندرجات</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">بغلی پٹی پر جائیں</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">چھپائیں</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">دیباچہ</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-کتابیات" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#کتابیات"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>کتابیات</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-کتابیات-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="مندرجات" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="فہرست عناوین دیکھیں" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">فہرست عناوین دیکھیں</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">خاندان (حیاتیات)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 132 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-132" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">132 زبانیں</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A9_(%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%81)" title="فصيلة (تصنيف) – عربی" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فصيلة (تصنيف)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="عربی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%87_(%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%E2%80%8C%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C)" title="تیره (زیست‌شناسی) – فارسی" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تیره (زیست‌شناسی)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="فارسی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Family_(biology)" title="Family (biology) – انگریزی" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Family (biology)" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="انگریزی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Familie_(biologie)" title="Familie (biologie) – افریقی" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Familie (biologie)" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="افریقی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Familie_(Biologie)" title="Familie (Biologie) – سوئس جرمن" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Familie (Biologie)" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="سوئس جرمن" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Familia_(bioloch%C3%ADa)" title="Familia (biolochía) – اراگونیز" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Familia (biolochía)" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="اراگونیز" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2_(%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%80%E0%A7%B1%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE)" title="পৰিয়াল (জীৱবিদ্যা) – آسامی" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="পৰিয়াল (জীৱবিদ্যা)" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="آسامی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Familia_(biolox%C3%ADa)" title="Familia (bioloxía) – اسٹوریائی" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Familia (bioloxía)" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="اسٹوریائی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juehepeh%E1%BA%BD" title="Juehepehẽ – گُارانی" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Juehepehẽ" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="گُارانی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C9%99sil%C9%99" title="Fəsilə – آذربائیجانی" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Fəsilə" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="آذربائیجانی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%87_(%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%DA%98%DB%8C%DA%A9)" title="عائیله (بیولوژیک) – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="عائیله (بیولوژیک)" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaluwarga_(Biologi)" title="Kaluwarga (Biologi) – بالینیز" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Kaluwarga (Biologi)" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="بالینیز" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0_(%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9E%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8)" title="পরিবার (জীববিজ্ঞান) – بنگلہ" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পরিবার (জীববিজ্ঞান)" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="بنگلہ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kho_(hun-l%C5%ABi-ha%CC%8Dk)" title="Kho (hun-lūi-ha̍k) – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kho (hun-lūi-ha̍k)" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%92%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BB%D3%99_(%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Ғаилә (биология) – باشکیر" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Ғаилә (биология)" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="باشکیر" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8F%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_(%D0%B1%D1%96%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F)" title="Сямейства (біялогія) – بیلاروسی" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Сямейства (біялогія)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="بیلاروسی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8F%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_(%D0%B1%D1%96%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%91%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F)" title="Сямейства (біялёгія) – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Сямейства (біялёгія)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0_(%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B5_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8)" title="परिवार (जीव बिज्ञान) – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="परिवार (जीव बिज्ञान)" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_(%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Семейство (биология) – بلغاری" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Семейство (биология)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="بلغاری" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Famij_(Biologie)" title="Famij (Biologie) – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Famij (Biologie)" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porodica_(biologija)" title="Porodica (biologija) – بوسنیائی" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Porodica (biologija)" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="بوسنیائی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerentiad" title="Kerentiad – بریٹن" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Kerentiad" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="بریٹن" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fam%C3%ADlia_(biologia)" title="Família (biologia) – کیٹالان" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Família (biologia)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="کیٹالان" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D1%8B%D1%88_(%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8)" title="Йыш (биологи) – چوواش" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Йыш (биологи)" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="چوواش" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cele%C4%8F" title="Čeleď – چیک" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Čeleď" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="چیک" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teulu_(bioleg)" title="Teulu (bioleg) – ویلش" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Teulu (bioleg)" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="ویلش" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Familie_(biologi)" title="Familie (biologi) – ڈینش" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Familie (biologi)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="ڈینش" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A9_(%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%A7)" title="فاميلة (بيولوجيا) – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="فاميلة (بيولوجيا)" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Familie_(Biologie)" title="Familie (Biologie) – جرمن" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Familie (Biologie)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="جرمن" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sw%C3%B3j%C5%BAba_(biologija)" title="Swójźba (biologija) – ذیلی سربیائی" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Swójźba (biologija)" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="ذیلی سربیائی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sugukond_(bioloogia)" title="Sugukond (bioloogia) – اسٹونین" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Sugukond (bioloogia)" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="اسٹونین" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9F%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%B1_(%CE%B2%CE%B9%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%AF%CE%B1)" title="Οικογένεια (βιολογία) – یونانی" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Οικογένεια (βιολογία)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="یونانی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Familia_(biolog%C3%ADa)" title="Familia (biología) – ہسپانوی" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Familia (biología)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="ہسپانوی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Familio_(biologio)" title="Familio (biologio) – ایسپرانٹو" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Familio (biologio)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="ایسپرانٹو" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Familia_(biologia)" title="Familia (biologia) – باسکی" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Familia (biologia)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="باسکی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Famille_(biologie)" title="Famille (biologie) – فرانسیسی" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Famille (biologie)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="فرانسیسی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Famylje_(taksonomy)" title="Famylje (taksonomy) – مغربی فریسیئن" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Famylje (taksonomy)" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="مغربی فریسیئن" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fine_(bitheola%C3%ADocht)" title="Fine (bitheolaíocht) – آئرش" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Fine (bitheolaíocht)" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="آئرش" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Familia_(biolox%C3%ADa)" title="Familia (bioloxía) – گالیشیائی" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Familia (bioloxía)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="گالیشیائی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB_(%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8)" title="Дезал (биологи) – انگوش" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Дезал (биологи)" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="انگوش" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B3%BC_(%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99)" title="과 (생물학) – کوریائی" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="과 (생물학)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="کوریائی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B8%D5%B6%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB%D6%84_(%D5%AF%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%A2%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6)" title="Ընտանիք (կենսաբանություն) – آرمینیائی" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ընտանիք (կենսաբանություն)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="آرمینیائی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2_(%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8)" title="कुल (जीवविज्ञान) – ہندی" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कुल (जीवविज्ञान)" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="ہندی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sw%C3%B3jba_(biologija)" title="Swójba (biologija) – اپر سربیائی" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Swójba (biologija)" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="اپر سربیائی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porodica_(taksonomija)" title="Porodica (taksonomija) – کراتی" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Porodica (taksonomija)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="کراتی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Familio_(biologio)" title="Familio (biologio) – ایڈو" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Familio (biologio)" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ایڈو" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pamilia_(biolohia)" title="Pamilia (biolohia) – ایلوکو" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Pamilia (biolohia)" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ایلوکو" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Famili_(biologi)" title="Famili (biologi) – انڈونیثیائی" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Famili (biologi)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="انڈونیثیائی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Familia_(rango_taxonomic)" title="Familia (rango taxonomic) – بین لسانیات" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Familia (rango taxonomic)" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="بین لسانیات" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Бинонад – اوسیٹک" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Бинонад" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="اوسیٹک" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usapho_(lwakwa_Bayoloji)" title="Usapho (lwakwa Bayoloji) – ژوسا" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Usapho (lwakwa Bayoloji)" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="ژوسا" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umndeni_(kumchazampilo)" title="Umndeni (kumchazampilo) – زولو" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Umndeni (kumchazampilo)" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="زولو" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%86tt_(flokkunarfr%C3%A6%C3%B0i)" title="Ætt (flokkunarfræði) – آئس لینڈک" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Ætt (flokkunarfræði)" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="آئس لینڈک" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Famiglia_(tassonomia)" title="Famiglia (tassonomia) – اطالوی" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Famiglia (tassonomia)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="اطالوی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%A4%D7%97%D7%94_(%D7%98%D7%A7%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%94)" title="משפחה (טקסונומיה) – عبرانی" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="משפחה (טקסונומיה)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="عبرانی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kulawarga_(biologi)" title="Kulawarga (biologi) – جاوی" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Kulawarga (biologi)" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="جاوی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Familia_(biolohia)" title="Familia (biolohia) – پامپنگا" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Familia (biolohia)" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="پامپنگا" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9D%E1%83%AF%E1%83%90%E1%83%AE%E1%83%98_(%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%92%E1%83%98%E1%83%90)" title="ოჯახი (ბიოლოგია) – جارجیائی" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ოჯახი (ბიოლოგია)" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="جارجیائی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%9B%D9%B2%DA%98" title="پرٛٲژ – کشمیری" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="پرٛٲژ" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="کشمیری" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodz%C3%ABzna_(biologi%C3%B4)" title="Rodzëzna (biologiô) – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Rodzëzna (biologiô)" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D2%B1%D2%9B%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Тұқымдас – قزاخ" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Тұқымдас" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="قزاخ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Familia_(biolojia)" title="Familia (biolojia) – سواحلی" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Familia (biolojia)" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="سواحلی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fanmi_(biyoloji)" title="Fanmi (biyoloji) – ہیتی" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Fanmi (biyoloji)" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="ہیتی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fam%C3%AEle" title="Famîle – کردش" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Famîle" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="کردش" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Тукум – کرغیزی" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Тукум" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="کرغیزی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Familia_(taxinomia)" title="Familia (taxinomia) – لاطینی" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Familia (taxinomia)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="لاطینی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dzimta_(biolo%C4%A3ija)" title="Dzimta (bioloģija) – لیٹوین" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Dzimta (bioloģija)" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="لیٹوین" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Famill_(Biologie)" title="Famill (Biologie) – لکسمبرگیش" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Famill (Biologie)" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="لکسمبرگیش" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0eima_(biologija)" title="Šeima (biologija) – لیتھوینین" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Šeima (biologija)" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="لیتھوینین" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Femielje_(biologie)" title="Femielje (biologie) – لیمبرگش" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Femielje (biologie)" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="لیمبرگش" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fam%C3%ACa_(biolog%C3%ACa)" title="Famìa (biologìa) – لومبارڈ" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Famìa (biologìa)" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="لومبارڈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Csal%C3%A1d_(rendszertan)" title="Család (rendszertan) – ہنگیرین" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Család (rendszertan)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ہنگیرین" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_(%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0)" title="Семејство (биологија) – مقدونیائی" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Семејство (биологија)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="مقدونیائی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%82_(%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82)" title="കുടുംബം (ജീവശാസ്ത്രം) – مالایالم" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കുടുംബം (ജീവശാസ്ത്രം)" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="مالایالم" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Familja_(bijolo%C4%A1ija)" title="Familja (bijoloġija) – مالٹی" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Familja (bijoloġija)" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="مالٹی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A4%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%90_(%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%92%E1%83%98%E1%83%90)" title="ფანია (ბიოლოგია) – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ფანია (ბიოლოგია)" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%87_(%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA)" title="خانواده (زیست) – مزندرانی" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="خانواده (زیست)" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="مزندرانی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keluarga_(biologi)" title="Keluarga (biologi) – مالے" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Keluarga (biologi)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="مالے" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Famili" title="Famili – منانگکباؤ" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Famili" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="منانگکباؤ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Familha_(biologie)" title="Familha (biologie) – میرانڈیز" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Familha (biologie)" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="میرانڈیز" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9B%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="မျိုးရင်း – برمی" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="မျိုးရင်း" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="برمی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Familie_(biologie)" title="Familie (biologie) – ڈچ" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Familie (biologie)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="ڈچ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A7%91_(%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E%E5%AD%A6)" title="科 (分類学) – جاپانی" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="科 (分類学)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="جاپانی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Familie_(biologi)" title="Familie (biologi) – نارویجین بوکمل" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Familie (biologi)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="نارویجین بوکمل" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologisk_familie" title="Biologisk familie – نارویجین نینورسک" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Biologisk familie" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="نارویجین نینورسک" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Familha_(biologia)" title="Familha (biologia) – آکسیٹان" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Familha (biologia)" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="آکسیٹان" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oila_(biologiya)" title="Oila (biologiya) – ازبیک" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Oila (biologiya)" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ازبیک" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%B9%D8%A8%D8%B1_(%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%BE%DA%91%DA%BE%D8%AA)" title="ٹبر (جیون پڑھت) – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ٹبر (جیون پڑھت)" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Famia_(biologia)" title="Famia (biologia) – پاپیامینٹو" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Famia (biologia)" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="پاپیامینٹو" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Famija_(tassonom%C3%ACa)" title="Famija (tassonomìa) – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Famija (tassonomìa)" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Familie_(Biologie)" title="Familie (Biologie) – ادنی جرمن" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Familie (Biologie)" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="ادنی جرمن" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodzina_(biologia)" title="Rodzina (biologia) – پولش" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Rodzina (biologia)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="پولش" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fam%C3%ADlia_(biologia)" title="Família (biologia) – پُرتگالی" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Família (biologia)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="پُرتگالی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Familie_(biologie)" title="Familie (biologie) – رومینین" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Familie (biologie)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="رومینین" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rikch%27aq_ayllu" title="Rikch'aq ayllu – کویچوآ" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Rikch'aq ayllu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="کویچوآ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_(%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D2%91%D1%96%D1%8F)" title="Родина (біолоґія) – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Родина (біолоґія)" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Семейство – روسی" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Семейство" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="روسی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%8D%D0%BD_(%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Кэргэн (биология) – ساکھا" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Кэргэн (биология)" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="ساکھا" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faimily_(biology)" title="Faimily (biology) – سکاٹ" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Faimily (biology)" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="سکاٹ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Famigghia_(biolugg%C3%ACa)" title="Famigghia (bioluggìa) – سیسیلین" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Famigghia (bioluggìa)" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="سیسیلین" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%BD%E0%B6%BA_(%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B7%80_%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80)" title="කුලය (ජීව විද්‍යාව) – سنہالا" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="කුලය (ජීව විද්‍යාව)" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="سنہالا" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Family_(biology)" title="Family (biology) – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Family (biology)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86_(%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA)" title="خاندان (حياتيات) – سندھی" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="خاندان (حياتيات)" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="سندھی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Ce%C4%BEa%C4%8F_(taxon%C3%B3mia)" title="Čeľaď (taxonómia) – سلوواک" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Čeľaď (taxonómia)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="سلوواک" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dru%C5%BEina_(biologija)" title="Družina (biologija) – سلووینیائی" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Družina (biologija)" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="سلووینیائی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%95_(%DA%98%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C)" title="تیرە (ژینناسی) – سینٹرل کردش" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="تیرە (ژینناسی)" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="سینٹرل کردش" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0_(%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0)" title="Породица (биологија) – سربین" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Породица (биологија)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="سربین" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porodica_(taksonomija)" title="Porodica (taksonomija) – سربو-کروئیشین" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Porodica (taksonomija)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="سربو-کروئیشین" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suku_(biologi)" title="Suku (biologi) – سنڈانیز" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Suku (biologi)" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="سنڈانیز" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heimo_(biologia)" title="Heimo (biologia) – فینیش" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Heimo (biologia)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="فینیش" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Familj_(biologi)" title="Familj (biologi) – سویڈش" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Familj (biologi)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="سویڈش" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pamilya_(biyolohiya)" title="Pamilya (biyolohiya) – ٹیگا لوگ" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Pamilya (biyolohiya)" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="ٹیگا لوگ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D_(%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D)" title="குடும்பம் (உயிரியல்) – تمل" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="குடும்பம் (உயிரியல்)" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="تمل" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tawacult_(tasnudert)" title="Tawacult (tasnudert) – قبائلی" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tawacult (tasnudert)" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="قبائلی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BB%D3%99%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA_(%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Гаиләлек (биология) – تاتار" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Гаиләлек (биология)" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="تاتار" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%AC%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81_(%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%B6%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82)" title="కుటుంబము (జీవశాస్త్రం) – تیلگو" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="కుటుంబము (జీవశాస్త్రం)" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="تیلگو" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A8%E0%B9%8C_(%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2)" title="วงศ์ (ชีววิทยา) – تھائی" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="วงศ์ (ชีววิทยา)" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="تھائی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0_(%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D3%A3)" title="Тира (зистшиносӣ) – تاجک" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Тира (зистшиносӣ)" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="تاجک" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8F%A7%E1%8F%82%E1%8F%8D%E1%8E%AA%E1%8F%AF%E1%8F%93" title="ᏧᏂᏍᎪᏯᏓ – چیروکی" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᏧᏂᏍᎪᏯᏓ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="چیروکی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Familya" title="Familya – ترکی" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Familya" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="ترکی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_(%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F)" title="Родина (біологія) – یوکرینیائی" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Родина (біологія)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="یوکرینیائی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fameja_(tasonomia)" title="Fameja (tasonomia) – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Fameja (tasonomia)" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%E1%BB%8D_(sinh_h%E1%BB%8Dc)" title="Họ (sinh học) – ویتنامی" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Họ (sinh học)" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="ویتنامی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Famile_(biyolodjeye)" title="Famile (biyolodjeye) – والون" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Famile (biyolodjeye)" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="والون" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Familie_(biologie)" title="Familie (biologie) – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Familie (biologie)" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Familia_(biyolohiya)" title="Familia (biyolohiya) – وارے" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Familia (biyolohiya)" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="وارے" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A7%91%EF%BC%88%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%EF%BC%89" title="科（生物） – وو چائینیز" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="科（生物）" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="وو چائینیز" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A2_(%D7%91%D7%99%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%92%D7%99%D7%A2)" title="פאמיליע (ביאלאגיע) – یدش" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="פאמיליע (ביאלאגיע)" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="یدش" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A7%91" title="科 – کینٹونیز" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="科" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="کینٹونیز" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Familya" title="Familya – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Familya" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Femielje_(biologie)" title="Femielje (biologie) – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Femielje (biologie)" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a 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system."><img alt="The various levels of the scientific classification system." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ur/thumb/0/08/Biological_classification_urdu2.PNG/150px-Biological_classification_urdu2.PNG" decoding="async" width="150" height="388" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ur/0/08/Biological_classification_urdu2.PNG 1.5x" data-file-width="179" data-file-height="463" usemap="#ImageMap_0c688948a9ca9619" /></a><map name="ImageMap_0c688948a9ca9619"><area href="/wiki/%D8%AD%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA" shape="rect" coords="0,0,147,42" alt="حیات" title="حیات" /><area href="/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AD%DB%81_(%D8%AD%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA)" shape="rect" coords="0,42,147,84" alt="ساحہ (حیاتیات)" title="ساحہ (حیاتیات)" /><area href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%85%D9%84%DA%A9%D8%AA_(%D8%AD%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA)" shape="rect" coords="0,84,147,125" alt="مملکت (حیاتیات)" title="مملکت (حیاتیات)" /><area href="/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B3%D9%85%DB%81" shape="rect" coords="0,123,148,168" alt="قسمہ" title="قسمہ" /><area href="/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AA" shape="rect" coords="0,167,148,210" alt="جماعت" title="جماعت" /><area href="/wiki/%D8%B7%D8%A8%D9%82%DB%81" shape="rect" coords="0,209,148,251" alt="طبقہ" title="طبقہ" /><area href="/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86_(%D8%AD%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA)" shape="rect" coords="0,251,148,293" alt="خاندان (حیاتیات)" title="خاندان (حیاتیات)" /><area href="/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%B3" shape="rect" coords="0,293,148,338" alt="جنس" title="جنس" /><area href="/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B9" shape="rect" coords="0,337,148,386" alt="نوع" title="نوع" /></map><figcaption>The various levels of the scientific classification system.</figcaption></figure> <hr /> <div class="thumbcaption"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%84:Biological_classification_L_Pengo_vflip.svg" title="Enlarge"><img alt="Enlarge" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6b/Magnify-clip.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="15" data-file-height="11" /></a><figcaption>Enlarge</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/%D8%AD%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AA_%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="حیاتیاتی جماعت بندی">حیاتیاتی جماعت بندی</a> کے آٹھ تصنیفیاتی رتبوں کا تراتب (hierarchy)۔ یہاں درمیانی چھوٹے رتبات کو شامل نہیں کیا گیا۔</div></div></div> <p>حیاتیاتی درجہ بندی میں <b>خاندان</b> (<a href="/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B7%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="لاطینی زبان">لاطینی</a>: <span lang="la"><i>familia</i></span>)‏, جمع <i><span lang="la">familiae</span></i>) آٹھ بڑے درجہ بندی اصول تجنیس (taxonomic) میں سے ایک ہے۔ اس کی درجہ بندی <a href="/wiki/%D8%B7%D8%A8%D9%82%DB%81" class="mw-redirect" title="طبقہ">طبقہ</a> اور <a href="/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%B3" title="جنس">جنس</a> کے درمیان ہے۔ </p><p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="کتابیات"><span id=".DA.A9.D8.AA.D8.A7.D8.A8.DB.8C.D8.A7.D8.AA"></span>کتابیات</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86_(%D8%AD%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA)&action=edit&section=1" title="تدوینِ قطعہ: کتابیات"><span>ترمیم</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r4721629">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-right:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-right:0;padding-right:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-right:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-100{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><span id="CITEREFBarnhart1895" class="citation journal"><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Hendley_Barnhart&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Hendley Barnhart (صفحہ موجود نہیں)">John Hendley Barnhart</a> (15 January 1895)۔ "Family Nomenclature"۔ Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club۔ <b>22</b> (1): 1–25۔ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="جايستور (صفحہ موجود نہیں)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/2485402">2485402</a>۔ <a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%81_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%B6_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%82%D9%85%D9%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="معرف الغرض الرقمي">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2485402">10.2307/2485402</a></span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fur.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86+%28%D8%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA%29&rft.atitle=Family+Nomenclature&rft.aufirst=John+Hendley&rft.aulast=Barnhart&rft.date=1895-01-15&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=1&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+the+Torrey+Botanical+Club&rft.pages=1-25&rft.volume=22&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2485402&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2485402&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6342468">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-right:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style></li> <li><span class="citation journal">A. A. Bullock (January 1958)۔ "Indicis Nominum Familiarum Angiospermarum Prodromus"۔ <a href="/w/index.php?title=Taxon_(journal)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taxon (journal) (صفحہ موجود نہیں)">Taxon</a>۔ <b>7</b> (1): 1–35۔ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="جايستور (صفحہ موجود نہیں)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/1216226">1216226</a>۔ <a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%81_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%B6_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%82%D9%85%D9%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="معرف الغرض الرقمي">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1216226">10.2307/1216226</a></span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fur.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86+%28%D8%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA%29&rft.atitle=Indicis+Nominum+Familiarum+Angiospermarum+Prodromus&rft.aufirst=A.+A.&rft.aulast=Bullock&rft.date=1958-01&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=1&rft.jtitle=Taxon&rft.pages=1-35&rft.volume=7&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1216226&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1216226&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6342468"></li> <li><span class="citation journal">A. A. Bullock (August 1958)۔ "Indicis Nominum Familiarum Angiospermarum Prodromus: Additamenta et Corrigenda I"۔ <a href="/w/index.php?title=Taxon_(journal)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taxon (journal) (صفحہ موجود نہیں)">Taxon</a>۔ <b>7</b> (6): 158–163۔ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="جايستور (صفحہ موجود نہیں)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/1217503">1217503</a>۔ <a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%81_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%B6_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%82%D9%85%D9%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="معرف الغرض الرقمي">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1217503">10.2307/1217503</a></span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fur.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86+%28%D8%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA%29&rft.atitle=Indicis+Nominum+Familiarum+Angiospermarum+Prodromus%3A+Additamenta+et+Corrigenda+I&rft.aufirst=A.+A.&rft.aulast=Bullock&rft.date=1958-08&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=6&rft.jtitle=Taxon&rft.pages=158-163&rft.volume=7&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1217503&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1217503&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6342468"></li> <li><span id="CITEREFICN2012" class="citation web"><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Code_of_Nomenclature_for_algae,_fungi,_and_plants&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (صفحہ موجود نہیں)">ICN</a> (2012)۔ <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181225103142/https://www.iapt-taxon.org/nomen/main.php?page=title">"International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants"</a>۔ <a href="/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%B9%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A7" title="براٹیسلاوا">براٹیسلاوا</a>: <a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Association_for_Plant_Taxonomy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Association for Plant Taxonomy (صفحہ موجود نہیں)">International Association for Plant Taxonomy</a>۔ 25 دسمبر 2018 میں <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iapt-taxon.org/nomen/main.php?page=title">اصل</a> سے آرکائیو شدہ<span class="reference-accessdate">۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 17 جنوری 2016</span></span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fur.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86+%28%D8%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA%29&rft.au=ICN&rft.btitle=International+Code+of+Nomenclature+for+algae%2C+fungi%2C+and+plants&rft.date=2012&rft.genre=unknown&rft.place=%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%B9%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A7&rft.pub=International+Association+for+Plant+Taxonomy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iapt-taxon.org%2Fnomen%2Fmain.php%3Fpage%3Dtitle&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">الوسيط <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> تم تجاهله (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AA:%D8%AD%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%81_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%AA_%DA%A9%DB%8C_%D8%BA%D9%84%D8%B7%D9%8A%D8%A7%DA%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="معاونت:حوالہ جات کی غلطياں (صفحہ موجود 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کریں">ت</abbr></a></li></ul></div></div><span style="font-size:110%;"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Taxonomic_rank&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taxonomic rank (صفحہ موجود نہیں)">Taxonomic rank</a>s </span> </th></tr> <tr style="padding:0 2% 0 2%; text-align:center;"> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D8%B7%D8%A8%D9%82%DB%81" class="mw-redirect" title="طبقہ">Magnorder</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="padding:0 2% 0 2%; text-align:center;"> <td><a href="/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AD%DB%81_(%D8%AD%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA)" title="ساحہ (حیاتیات)">ساحہ یا ڈومین</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%B0%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C_%D9%82%D8%B3%D9%85%DB%8C%DB%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ذیلی قسمیہ (صفحہ موجود نہیں)">قسمہ /ذیلی شعبہ</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%81%D9%88%D9%82%DB%8C_%D8%B7%D8%A8%D9%82%DB%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="فوقی طبقہ (صفحہ موجود نہیں)">فوقی طبقہ</a> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D8%B7%D8%A8%D9%82%DB%81" class="mw-redirect" title="طبقہ">فوقی طبقہ </a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%81%D9%88%D9%82%DB%8C_%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="فوقی خاندان نباتیات (صفحہ موجود نہیں)">فوقی خاندان</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supertribe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Supertribe (صفحہ موجود نہیں)">Supertribe</a> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Superspecies&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Superspecies (صفحہ موجود نہیں)">Superspecies</a> </td></tr> <tr style="padding:0 2% 0 2%; text-align:center;"> <td><b><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%85%D9%84%DA%A9%D8%AA" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="مملکت">Kingdom</a></b> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B3%D9%85%DB%81" title="قسمہ">Phylum/Division</a></b> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%AD%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="نظام حیاتیات">Class</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Legion_(biology)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Legion (biology) (صفحہ موجود نہیں)">Legion</a> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/%D8%B7%D8%A8%D9%82%DB%81" class="mw-redirect" title="طبقہ">Order</a></b> </td> <td><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Family</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tribe_(biology)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tribe (biology) (صفحہ موجود نہیں)"><b>Tribe</b></a> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%B3" title="جنس">جنس</a></b> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B9" title="نوع">نوع</a></b> </td></tr> <tr style="padding:0 2% 0 2%; text-align:center;"> <td><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%85%D9%84%DA%A9%D8%AA" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="مملکت">مملکت</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Subphylum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Subphylum (صفحہ موجود نہیں)">Subphylum</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%AD%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="نظام حیاتیات">Subclass</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cohort_(biology)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cohort (biology) (صفحہ موجود نہیں)">Cohort</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D8%B7%D8%A8%D9%82%DB%81" class="mw-redirect" title="طبقہ">Suborder</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Subfamily&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Subfamily (صفحہ موجود نہیں)">Subfamily</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Subtribe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Subtribe (صفحہ موجود نہیں)">Subtribe</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Subgenus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Subgenus (صفحہ موجود نہیں)">Subgenus</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Subspecies&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Subspecies (صفحہ موجود نہیں)">Subspecies</a> </td></tr> <tr style="padding:0 2% 0 2%; text-align:center;"> <td><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%85%D9%84%DA%A9%D8%AA" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="مملکت">Infrakingdom/Branch</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Infraphylum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Infraphylum (صفحہ موجود نہیں)">Infraphylum</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%AD%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="نظام حیاتیات">Infraclass</a> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D8%B7%D8%A8%D9%82%DB%81" class="mw-redirect" title="طبقہ">Infraorder</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Section_(botany)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Section (botany) (صفحہ موجود نہیں)">Section</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Infraspecific_name_(botany)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Infraspecific name (botany) (صفحہ موجود نہیں)">Infraspecies</a> </td></tr> <tr style="padding:0 2% 0 2%; text-align:center;"> <td> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Microphylum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Microphylum (صفحہ موجود نہیں)">Microphylum</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%AD%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="نظام حیاتیات">Parvclass</a> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D8%B7%D8%A8%D9%82%DB%81" class="mw-redirect" title="طبقہ">Parvorder</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Series_(botany)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Series (botany) (صفحہ موجود نہیں)">Series</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Variety_(botany)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Variety (botany) (صفحہ موجود نہیں)">Variety</a> </td></tr> <tr style="padding:0 2% 0 2%; text-align:center;"> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Form_(botany)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Form (botany) (صفحہ موجود نہیں)">Form</a> </td></tr></tbody></table>  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