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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">ページ先頭</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-命名法" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#命名法"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>命名法</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-命名法-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-歴史" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#歴史"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>歴史</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-歴史-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-脚注" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#脚注"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>脚注</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-脚注-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目次" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="目次" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="目次の表示・非表示を切り替え" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">目次の表示・非表示を切り替え</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">科 (分類学)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="特定の記事の別の言語版に移動します。利用可能な言語132件" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-132" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">132の言語版</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Familie_(biologie)" title="アフリカーンス語: Familie (biologie)" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Familie (biologie)" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="アフリカーンス語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Familie_(Biologie)" title="スイスドイツ語: Familie (Biologie)" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Familie (Biologie)" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="スイスドイツ語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Familia_(bioloch%C3%ADa)" title="アラゴン語: Familia (biolochía)" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Familia (biolochía)" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="アラゴン語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A9_(%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%81)" title="アラビア語: فصيلة (تصنيف)" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فصيلة (تصنيف)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="アラビア語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A9_(%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%A7)" title="モロッコ・アラビア語: فاميلة (بيولوجيا)" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="فاميلة (بيولوجيا)" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="モロッコ・アラビア語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2_(%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%80%E0%A7%B1%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE)" title="アッサム語: পৰিয়াল (জীৱবিদ্যা)" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="পৰিয়াল (জীৱবিদ্যা)" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="アッサム語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Familia_(biolox%C3%ADa)" title="アストゥリアス語: Familia (bioloxía)" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Familia (bioloxía)" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="アストゥリアス語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C9%99sil%C9%99" title="アゼルバイジャン語: Fəsilə" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Fəsilə" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="アゼルバイジャン語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%87_(%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%DA%98%DB%8C%DA%A9)" title="South Azerbaijani: عائیله (بیولوژیک)" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="عائیله (بیولوژیک)" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%92%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BB%D3%99_(%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="バシキール語: Ғаилә (биология)" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Ғаилә (биология)" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="バシキール語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaluwarga_(Biologi)" title="バリ語: Kaluwarga (Biologi)" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Kaluwarga (Biologi)" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="バリ語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Famij_(Biologie)" title="バイエルン・オーストリア語: Famij (Biologie)" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Famij (Biologie)" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="バイエルン・オーストリア語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8F%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_(%D0%B1%D1%96%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F)" title="ベラルーシ語: Сямейства (біялогія)" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Сямейства (біялогія)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="ベラルーシ語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8F%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_(%D0%B1%D1%96%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%91%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F)" title="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography): Сямейства (біялёгія)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Сямейства (біялёгія)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_(%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="ブルガリア語: Семейство (биология)" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Семейство (биология)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="ブルガリア語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0_(%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B5_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8)" title="Bhojpuri: परिवार (जीव बिज्ञान)" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="परिवार (जीव बिज्ञान)" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0_(%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9E%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8)" title="ベンガル語: পরিবার (জীববিজ্ঞান)" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পরিবার (জীববিজ্ঞান)" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="ベンガル語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerentiad" title="ブルトン語: Kerentiad" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Kerentiad" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="ブルトン語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porodica_(biologija)" title="ボスニア語: Porodica (biologija)" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Porodica (biologija)" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="ボスニア語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fam%C3%ADlia_(biologia)" title="カタロニア語: Família (biologia)" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Família (biologia)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="カタロニア語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8F%A7%E1%8F%82%E1%8F%8D%E1%8E%AA%E1%8F%AF%E1%8F%93" title="チェロキー語: ᏧᏂᏍᎪᏯᏓ" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᏧᏂᏍᎪᏯᏓ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="チェロキー語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%DB%8E%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%86_(%DA%98%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C)" title="中央クルド語: خێزان (ژینناسی)" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="خێزان (ژینناسی)" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中央クルド語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cele%C4%8F" title="チェコ語: Čeleď" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Čeleď" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="チェコ語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodz%C3%ABzna_(biologi%C3%B4)" title="カシューブ語: Rodzëzna (biologiô)" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Rodzëzna (biologiô)" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="カシューブ語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D1%8B%D1%88_(%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8)" title="チュヴァシ語: Йыш (биологи)" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Йыш (биологи)" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="チュヴァシ語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teulu_(bioleg)" title="ウェールズ語: Teulu (bioleg)" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Teulu (bioleg)" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="ウェールズ語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Familie_(biologi)" title="デンマーク語: Familie (biologi)" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Familie (biologi)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="デンマーク語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Familie_(Biologie)" title="ドイツ語: Familie (Biologie)" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Familie (Biologie)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="ドイツ語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Familya" title="ザザキ語: Familya" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Familya" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="ザザキ語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sw%C3%B3j%C5%BAba_(biologija)" title="低地ソルブ語: Swójźba (biologija)" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Swójźba (biologija)" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="低地ソルブ語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9F%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%B1_(%CE%B2%CE%B9%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%AF%CE%B1)" title="ギリシャ語: Οικογένεια (βιολογία)" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Οικογένεια (βιολογία)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="ギリシャ語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Family_(biology)" title="英語: Family (biology)" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Family (biology)" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Familio_(biologio)" title="エスペラント語: Familio (biologio)" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Familio (biologio)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="エスペラント語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Familia_(biolog%C3%ADa)" title="スペイン語: Familia (biología)" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Familia (biología)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="スペイン語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sugukond_(bioloogia)" title="エストニア語: Sugukond (bioloogia)" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Sugukond (bioloogia)" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="エストニア語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Familia_(biologia)" title="バスク語: Familia (biologia)" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Familia (biologia)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="バスク語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%87_(%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%E2%80%8C%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C)" title="ペルシア語: تیره (زیست‌شناسی)" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تیره (زیست‌شناسی)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="ペルシア語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heimo_(biologia)" title="フィンランド語: Heimo (biologia)" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Heimo (biologia)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="フィンランド語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Famille_(biologie)" title="フランス語: Famille (biologie)" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Famille (biologie)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="フランス語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Famylje_(taksonomy)" title="西フリジア語: Famylje (taksonomy)" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Famylje (taksonomy)" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="西フリジア語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fine_(bitheola%C3%ADocht)" title="アイルランド語: Fine (bitheolaíocht)" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Fine (bitheolaíocht)" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="アイルランド語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Familia_(biolox%C3%ADa)" title="ガリシア語: Familia (bioloxía)" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Familia (bioloxía)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="ガリシア語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juehepeh%E1%BA%BD" title="グアラニー語: Juehepehẽ" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Juehepehẽ" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="グアラニー語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%A4%D7%97%D7%94_(%D7%98%D7%A7%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%94)" title="ヘブライ語: משפחה (טקסונומיה)" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="משפחה (טקסונומיה)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ヘブライ語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2_(%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8)" title="ヒンディー語: कुल (जीवविज्ञान)" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कुल (जीवविज्ञान)" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="ヒンディー語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porodica_(taksonomija)" title="クロアチア語: Porodica (taksonomija)" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Porodica (taksonomija)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="クロアチア語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sw%C3%B3jba_(biologija)" title="高地ソルブ語: Swójba (biologija)" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Swójba (biologija)" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="高地ソルブ語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fanmi_(biyoloji)" title="ハイチ・クレオール語: Fanmi (biyoloji)" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Fanmi (biyoloji)" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="ハイチ・クレオール語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Csal%C3%A1d_(rendszertan)" title="ハンガリー語: Család (rendszertan)" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Család (rendszertan)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ハンガリー語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B8%D5%B6%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB%D6%84_(%D5%AF%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%A2%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6)" title="アルメニア語: Ընտանիք (կենսաբանություն)" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ընտանիք (կենսաբանություն)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="アルメニア語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Familia_(rango_taxonomic)" title="インターリングア: Familia (rango taxonomic)" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Familia (rango taxonomic)" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="インターリングア" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Famili_(biologi)" title="インドネシア語: Famili (biologi)" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Famili (biologi)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="インドネシア語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pamilia_(biolohia)" title="イロカノ語: Pamilia (biolohia)" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Pamilia (biolohia)" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="イロカノ語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB_(%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8)" title="イングーシ語: Дезал (биологи)" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Дезал (биологи)" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="イングーシ語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Familio_(biologio)" title="イド語: Familio (biologio)" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Familio (biologio)" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="イド語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%86tt_(flokkunarfr%C3%A6%C3%B0i)" title="アイスランド語: Ætt (flokkunarfræði)" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Ætt (flokkunarfræði)" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="アイスランド語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Famiglia_(tassonomia)" title="イタリア語: Famiglia (tassonomia)" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Famiglia (tassonomia)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="イタリア語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kulawarga_(biologi)" title="ジャワ語: Kulawarga (biologi)" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Kulawarga (biologi)" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="ジャワ語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9D%E1%83%AF%E1%83%90%E1%83%AE%E1%83%98_(%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%92%E1%83%98%E1%83%90)" title="ジョージア語: ოჯახი (ბიოლოგია)" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ოჯახი (ბიოლოგია)" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="ジョージア語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tawacult_(tasnudert)" title="カビル語: Tawacult (tasnudert)" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tawacult (tasnudert)" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="カビル語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D2%B1%D2%9B%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%81" title="カザフ語: Тұқымдас" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Тұқымдас" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="カザフ語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B3%BC_(%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99)" title="韓国語: 과 (생물학)" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="과 (생물학)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韓国語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%9B%D9%B2%DA%98" title="カシミール語: پرٛٲژ" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="پرٛٲژ" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="カシミール語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fam%C3%AEle" title="クルド語: Famîle" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Famîle" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="クルド語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BC" title="キルギス語: Тукум" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Тукум" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="キルギス語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Familia_(taxinomia)" title="ラテン語: Familia (taxinomia)" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Familia (taxinomia)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="ラテン語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Famill_(Biologie)" title="ルクセンブルク語: Famill (Biologie)" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Famill (Biologie)" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="ルクセンブルク語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Femielje_(biologie)" title="リンブルフ語: Femielje (biologie)" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Femielje (biologie)" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="リンブルフ語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fam%C3%ACa_(biolog%C3%ACa)" title="ロンバルド語: Famìa (biologìa)" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Famìa (biologìa)" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="ロンバルド語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0eima_(biologija)" title="リトアニア語: Šeima (biologija)" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Šeima (biologija)" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="リトアニア語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dzimta_(biolo%C4%A3ija)" title="ラトビア語: Dzimta (bioloģija)" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Dzimta (bioloģija)" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="ラトビア語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Famili" title="ミナンカバウ語: Famili" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Famili" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="ミナンカバウ語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_(%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0)" title="マケドニア語: Семејство (биологија)" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Семејство (биологија)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="マケドニア語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%82_(%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82)" title="マラヤーラム語: കുടുംബം (ജീവശാസ്ത്രം)" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കുടുംബം (ജീവശാസ്ത്രം)" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="マラヤーラム語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keluarga_(biologi)" title="マレー語: Keluarga (biologi)" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Keluarga (biologi)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="マレー語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Familja_(bijolo%C4%A1ija)" title="マルタ語: Familja (bijoloġija)" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Familja (bijoloġija)" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="マルタ語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Familha_(biologie)" title="ミランダ語: Familha (biologie)" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Familha (biologie)" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="ミランダ語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9B%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="ミャンマー語: မျိုးရင်း" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="မျိုးရင်း" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="ミャンマー語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%87_(%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA)" title="マーザンダラーン語: خانواده (زیست)" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="خانواده (زیست)" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="マーザンダラーン語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Familie_(Biologie)" title="低地ドイツ語: Familie (Biologie)" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Familie (Biologie)" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="低地ドイツ語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Familie_(biologie)" title="オランダ語: Familie (biologie)" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Familie (biologie)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="オランダ語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologisk_familie" title="ノルウェー語(ニーノシュク): Biologisk familie" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Biologisk familie" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="ノルウェー語(ニーノシュク)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Familie_(biologi)" title="ノルウェー語(ブークモール): Familie (biologi)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Familie (biologi)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="ノルウェー語(ブークモール)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Familha_(biologia)" title="オック語: Familha (biologia)" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Familha (biologia)" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="オック語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="オセット語: Бинонад" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Бинонад" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="オセット語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Familia_(biolohia)" title="パンパンガ語: Familia (biolohia)" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Familia (biolohia)" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="パンパンガ語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Famia_(biologia)" title="パピアメント語: Famia (biologia)" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Famia (biologia)" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="パピアメント語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodzina_(biologia)" title="ポーランド語: Rodzina (biologia)" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Rodzina (biologia)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="ポーランド語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Famija_(tassonom%C3%ACa)" title="ピエモンテ語: Famija (tassonomìa)" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Famija (tassonomìa)" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="ピエモンテ語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%B9%D8%A8%D8%B1_(%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%BE%DA%91%DA%BE%D8%AA)" title="Western Punjabi: ٹبر (جیون پڑھت)" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ٹبر (جیون پڑھت)" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fam%C3%ADlia_(biologia)" title="ポルトガル語: Família (biologia)" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Família (biologia)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="ポルトガル語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rikch%27aq_ayllu" title="ケチュア語: Rikch'aq ayllu" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Rikch'aq ayllu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="ケチュア語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Familie_(biologie)" title="ルーマニア語: Familie (biologie)" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Familie (biologie)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="ルーマニア語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="ロシア語: Семейство" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Семейство" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ロシア語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_(%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D2%91%D1%96%D1%8F)" title="ルシン語: Родина (біолоґія)" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Родина (біолоґія)" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="ルシン語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%8D%D0%BD_(%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="サハ語: Кэргэн (биология)" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Кэргэн (биология)" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="サハ語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Famigghia_(biolugg%C3%ACa)" title="シチリア語: Famigghia (bioluggìa)" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Famigghia (bioluggìa)" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="シチリア語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faimily_(biology)" title="スコットランド語: Faimily (biology)" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Faimily (biology)" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="スコットランド語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86_(%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA)" title="シンド語: خاندان (حياتيات)" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="خاندان (حياتيات)" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="シンド語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porodica_(taksonomija)" title="セルボ・クロアチア語: Porodica (taksonomija)" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Porodica (taksonomija)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="セルボ・クロアチア語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%BD%E0%B6%BA_(%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B7%80_%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80)" title="シンハラ語: කුලය (ජීව විද්‍යාව)" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="කුලය (ජීව විද්‍යාව)" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="シンハラ語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Family_(biology)" title="シンプル英語: Family (biology)" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Family (biology)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="シンプル英語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Ce%C4%BEa%C4%8F_(taxon%C3%B3mia)" title="スロバキア語: Čeľaď (taxonómia)" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Čeľaď (taxonómia)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="スロバキア語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dru%C5%BEina_(biologija)" title="スロベニア語: Družina (biologija)" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Družina (biologija)" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="スロベニア語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0_(%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0)" title="セルビア語: Породица (биологија)" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Породица (биологија)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="セルビア語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suku_(biologi)" title="スンダ語: Suku (biologi)" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Suku (biologi)" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="スンダ語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Familj_(biologi)" title="スウェーデン語: Familj (biologi)" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Familj (biologi)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="スウェーデン語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Familia_(biolojia)" title="スワヒリ語: Familia (biolojia)" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Familia (biolojia)" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="スワヒリ語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D_(%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D)" title="タミル語: குடும்பம் (உயிரியல்)" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="குடும்பம் (உயிரியல்)" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="タミル語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%AC%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81_(%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%B6%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82)" title="テルグ語: కుటుంబము (జీవశాస్త్రం)" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="కుటుంబము (జీవశాస్త్రం)" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="テルグ語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0_(%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D3%A3)" title="タジク語: Тира (зистшиносӣ)" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Тира (зистшиносӣ)" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="タジク語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A8%E0%B9%8C_(%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2)" title="タイ語: วงศ์ (ชีววิทยา)" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="วงศ์ (ชีววิทยา)" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="タイ語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pamilya_(biyolohiya)" title="タガログ語: Pamilya (biyolohiya)" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Pamilya (biyolohiya)" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="タガログ語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Familya" title="トルコ語: Familya" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Familya" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="トルコ語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BB%D3%99%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA_(%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="タタール語: Гаиләлек (биология)" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Гаиләлек (биология)" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="タタール語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_(%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F)" title="ウクライナ語: Родина (біологія)" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Родина (біологія)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ウクライナ語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86_(%D8%AD%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA)" title="ウルドゥー語: خاندان (حیاتیات)" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="خاندان (حیاتیات)" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="ウルドゥー語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oila_(biologiya)" title="ウズベク語: Oila (biologiya)" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Oila (biologiya)" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ウズベク語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fameja_(tasonomia)" title="ヴェネト語: Fameja (tasonomia)" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Fameja (tasonomia)" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="ヴェネト語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%E1%BB%8D_(sinh_h%E1%BB%8Dc)" title="ベトナム語: Họ (sinh học)" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Họ (sinh học)" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="ベトナム語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Familie_(biologie)" title="西フラマン語: Familie (biologie)" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Familie (biologie)" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="西フラマン語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Famile_(biyolodjeye)" title="ワロン語: Famile (biyolodjeye)" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Famile (biyolodjeye)" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="ワロン語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Familia_(biyolohiya)" title="ワライ語: Familia (biyolohiya)" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Familia (biyolohiya)" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="ワライ語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A7%91%EF%BC%88%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%EF%BC%89" title="呉語: 科（生物）" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="科（生物）" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="呉語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usapho_(lwakwa_Bayoloji)" title="コサ語: Usapho (lwakwa Bayoloji)" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Usapho (lwakwa Bayoloji)" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="コサ語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A4%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%90_(%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%92%E1%83%98%E1%83%90)" title="メグレル語: ფანია (ბიოლოგია)" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ფანია (ბიოლოგია)" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="メグレル語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A2_(%D7%91%D7%99%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%92%D7%99%D7%A2)" title="イディッシュ語: פאמיליע (ביאלאגיע)" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="פאמיליע (ביאלאגיע)" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="イディッシュ語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Femielje_(biologie)" title="ゼーラント語: Femielje (biologie)" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Femielje (biologie)" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="ゼーラント語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A7%91_(%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9)" title="中国語: 科 (生物)" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="科 (生物)" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="中国語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kho_(hun-l%C5%ABi-ha%CC%8Dk)" title="閩南語: Kho (hun-lūi-ha̍k)" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kho (hun-lūi-ha̍k)" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="閩南語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A7%91" title="広東語: 科" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="科" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="広東語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umndeni_(kumchazampilo)" title="ズールー語: Umndeni (kumchazampilo)" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Umndeni (kumchazampilo)" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="ズールー語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q35409#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="言語間リンクを編集" class="wbc-editpage">リンクを編集</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="名前空間"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91_(%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E%E5%AD%A6)" title="本文を閲覧[c]" accesskey="c"><span>ページ</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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style="text-align:center;"> <th style="background:white;"><div style="position:relative;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Biological_classification_L_Pengo_vflip_without_text.svg/170px-Biological_classification_L_Pengo_vflip_without_text.svg.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="427" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Biological_classification_L_Pengo_vflip_without_text.svg/255px-Biological_classification_L_Pengo_vflip_without_text.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Biological_classification_L_Pengo_vflip_without_text.svg/340px-Biological_classification_L_Pengo_vflip_without_text.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="225" data-file-height="565" /></span></span> <div style="position: absolute; text-align: center; left:104.5px; top: 19.2px;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9" title="生物">生物</a></div> <div style="position: absolute; text-align: center; left:90.9px; top: 65.1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E3%83%89%E3%83%A1%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3_(%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E%E5%AD%A6)" title="ドメイン (分類学)">ドメイン</a></div> <div style="position: absolute; text-align: center; left:111.3px; top: 109.3px;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%95%8C_(%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E%E5%AD%A6)" title="界 (分類学)">界</a></div> <div style="position: absolute; text-align: center; left:111.3px; top: 155.2px;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%96%80_(%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E%E5%AD%A6)" title="門 (分類学)">門</a></div> <div style="position: absolute; text-align: center; left:111.3px; top: 201.1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%B1_(%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E%E5%AD%A6)" title="綱 (分類学)">綱</a></div> <div style="position: absolute; text-align: center; left:111.3px; top: 245.3px;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%AE_(%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E%E5%AD%A6)" title="目 (分類学)">目</a></div> <div style="position: absolute; text-align: center; left:111.3px; top: 291.2px;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">科</a></div> <div style="position: absolute; text-align: center; left:111.3px; top: 337.1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%9E_(%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E%E5%AD%A6)" title="属 (分類学)">属</a></div> <div style="position: absolute; text-align: center; left:111.3px; top: 383px;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A8%AE_(%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E%E5%AD%A6)" title="種 (分類学)">種</a></div> </div> </th></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>科</b>（か、<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E" title="英語">英</a>: <span lang="en">family</span>、<a href="/wiki/%E3%83%A9%E3%83%86%E3%83%B3%E8%AA%9E" title="ラテン語">羅</a>: <span lang="la">familia</span>）は、<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E3%81%AE%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E" title="生物の分類">生物分類</a>の<a href="/wiki/%E3%83%AA%E3%83%B3%E3%83%8D%E5%BC%8F%E9%9A%8E%E5%B1%A4%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E%E4%BD%93%E7%B3%BB" title="リンネ式階層分類体系">リンネ式階層分類</a>における基本的階級の1つ、および、その階級にある<a href="/wiki/%E3%82%BF%E3%82%AF%E3%82%BD%E3%83%B3" title="タクソン">タクソン</a>である。 </p><p>科は、<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%AE_(%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E%E5%AD%A6)" title="目 (分類学)">目</a>の下・<a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%9E_(%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E%E5%AD%A6)" title="属 (分類学)">属</a>の上にある。また科の上に<b>上科</b>（じょうか、<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E" title="英語">英</a>: <span lang="en">superfamily</span>）、下に<b>亜科</b>（あか、<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E" title="英語">英</a>: <span lang="en">subfamily</span>）をおく場合がある。上科は<b>超科</b>（ちょうか）と表記されることもある。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="命名法"><span id=".E5.91.BD.E5.90.8D.E6.B3.95"></span>命名法</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A7%91_(%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E%E5%AD%A6)&action=edit&section=1" title="節を編集: 命名法"><span>編集</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>科の名前の付け方は命名規約によって強く規制されている。<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%9A%9B%E8%97%BB%E9%A1%9E%E3%83%BB%E8%8F%8C%E9%A1%9E%E3%83%BB%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E5%91%BD%E5%90%8D%E8%A6%8F%E7%B4%84" title="国際藻類・菌類・植物命名規約">国際藻類・菌類・植物命名規約</a>・<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%9A%9B%E7%B4%B0%E8%8F%8C%E5%91%BD%E5%90%8D%E8%A6%8F%E7%B4%84" class="mw-redirect" title="国際細菌命名規約">国際細菌命名規約</a>・<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%9A%9B%E5%8B%95%E7%89%A9%E5%91%BD%E5%90%8D%E8%A6%8F%E7%B4%84" title="国際動物命名規約">国際動物命名規約</a>では、それぞれの科のタイプ属の語尾を変形させて付けることになっている。亜科（および動物の上科）も同様である。 </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>科名の語尾 </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>階級</th> <th>植物</th> <th>細菌</th> <th>動物</th> <th>ウイルス</th> <th>ウイロイド </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#ececec; color:black; text-align:left; padding-left:0.5em; font-weight:bold" class="table-rh">上科</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>-oidea</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#ececec; color:black; text-align:left; padding-left:0.5em; font-weight:bold" class="table-rh">科</td> <td>-aceae</td> <td>-aceae</td> <td>-idae</td> <td>-viridae</td> <td>-viroidae </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#ececec; color:black; text-align:left; padding-left:0.5em; font-weight:bold" class="table-rh">亜科</td> <td>-oideae</td> <td>-oideae</td> <td>-inae</td> <td>-virinae</td> <td>-viroinae </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>しかしタイプ属に基づいて名前を付けるという規則にはいくつか例外が設けられている。 </p> <dl><dt>植物</dt> <dd>規約第18.5条<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>によって、長い間使われた以下の名前はタイプ属に基づいていないが、括弧内に示したタイプ属に基づいた名前と同等に使うことができる。 <ul><li>Palmae (Arecaceae) <a href="/wiki/%E3%83%A4%E3%82%B7%E7%A7%91" class="mw-redirect" title="ヤシ科">ヤシ科</a></li> <li>Gramineae (Poaceae) <a href="/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%83%8D%E7%A7%91" title="イネ科">イネ科</a></li> <li>Cruciferae (Brassicaceae) <a href="/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%96%E3%83%A9%E3%83%8A%E7%A7%91" title="アブラナ科">アブラナ科</a></li> <li>Leguminosae (Fabaceae) <a href="/wiki/%E3%83%9E%E3%83%A1%E7%A7%91" title="マメ科">マメ科</a></li> <li>Guttiferae (Clusiaceae) <a href="/wiki/%E3%82%AA%E3%83%88%E3%82%AE%E3%83%AA%E3%82%BD%E3%82%A6%E7%A7%91" title="オトギリソウ科">オトギリソウ科</a></li> <li>Umbelliferae (Apiaceae) <a href="/wiki/%E3%82%BB%E3%83%AA%E7%A7%91" title="セリ科">セリ科</a></li> <li>Labiatae (Lamiaceae) <a href="/wiki/%E3%82%B7%E3%82%BD%E7%A7%91" title="シソ科">シソ科</a></li> <li>Compositae (Asteraceae) <a href="/wiki/%E3%82%AD%E3%82%AF%E7%A7%91" title="キク科">キク科</a></li> <li>Papilionaceae (Fabaceae) （狭義のマメ科）</li></ul></dd> <dd>同様に規約第19.7条<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>によって、以下の名前はタイプ属に基づいていないが、括弧内に示したタイプ属に基づいた名前と同等に使うことができる。 <ul><li>Papilionoideae (Faboideae) マメ亜科</li></ul></dd> <dd>以上は<b>代替名</b>(<span lang="en">alternative name</span>, <i><span lang="la">nom. alt.</span></i>)と呼ばれている。</dd> <dd></dd> <dt>原核生物</dt> <dd>Judicial Opinion 15によって、以下の例外が認められている。 <ul><li>Enterobacteriaceae（タイプ属は<i>Escherichia</i>）</li></ul></dd></dl> <dl><dt>ウイルス・ウイロイド</dt> <dd>語尾を揃えるだけで良い</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="歴史"><span id=".E6.AD.B4.E5.8F.B2"></span>歴史</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A7%91_(%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E%E5%AD%A6)&action=edit&section=2" title="節を編集: 歴史"><span>編集</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>科が現在の意味で用いられるようになったのは、比較的最近のことである。 </p><p>科 (<span lang="la"><i>familia</i></span>) はもともと<a href="/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B9" title="フランス">フランス</a>の<a href="/wiki/%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6%E8%80%85" class="mw-redirect" title="植物学者">植物学者</a>、<span title="リンク先の項目はまだありません。新規の執筆や他言語版からの翻訳が望まれます。"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E3%83%94%E3%82%A8%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BB%E3%83%9E%E3%83%8B%E3%83%A7%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ピエール・マニョール (存在しないページ)">ピエール・マニョール</a><span style="font-size: 0.77em; font-weight: normal;" class="noprint">（<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Magnol" class="extiw" title="en:Pierre Magnol">英語版</a>、<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Magnol" class="extiw" title="fr:Pierre Magnol">フランス語版</a>）</span></span>が<a href="/wiki/1689%E5%B9%B4" title="1689年">1689年</a>の著作 <i>Prodromus historiae generalis plantarum, in quo familiae plantarum per tabulas disponuntur</i> で使った言葉である。ここでは植物を76のグループにまとめ、それぞれを科とした。当時はまだ階級という概念ができつつある途中であり、マニョールは序文で科をより大きな属にまとめることについて述べている。これは現在の使い方とはかけ離れている。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E3%82%AB%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BB%E3%83%95%E3%82%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%83%AA%E3%83%B3%E3%83%8D" title="カール・フォン・リンネ">カール・フォン・リンネ</a>は、分類学の方法論について述べた<a href="/wiki/1751%E5%B9%B4" title="1751年">1751年</a>の著作 <i>Philosophia botanica</i>『植物哲学』において、植物には7つの <span lang="la"><i>familia</i></span> があると述べている（78節）。7つとは、菌、藻、コケ、シダ、草、ヤシ、木であるが、しかしこのときは植物の形態を区分しているだけで、分類体系として用いているわけではなかった。 </p><p>その後主流になったフランスの植物学の文献では、<a href="/wiki/%E3%83%9F%E3%82%B7%E3%82%A7%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A2%E3%83%80%E3%83%B3%E3%82%BD%E3%83%B3" title="ミシェル・アダンソン">ミシェル・アダンソン</a>の <i>Familles naturelles des plantes</i>（1763年）にはじまって19世紀末に至るまで、<span lang="fr">'famille'</span> という単語をラテン語の <i>ordo</i> の訳語として用いていた。ただし、この <span lang="la"><i>ordo</i></span> という単語は、19世紀の植物学では現在の科に相当する階級として使われていたことに注意が必要である。 </p><p>動物学では、目と属との間の階級としての科は、<a href="/wiki/%E3%83%94%E3%82%A8%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A2%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E3%83%AC%E3%83%BB%E3%83%A9%E3%83%88%E3%83%AC%E3%82%A4%E3%83%A6" title="ピエール・アンドレ・ラトレイユ">ピエール・アンドレ・ラトレイユ</a>の著作 <i>Précis des caractères génériques des insectes, disposés dans un ordre naturel</i>（1796年）が嚆矢である。ただしこのときは一部で使っているだけであり、また全ての科に名前が付いているわけでもなかった。 </p><p>20世紀初めになってからは、科という階級は現在の意味で一貫して用いられるようになった。その用法や、科の学名の語尾については、それぞれの命名規約で規定されている。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="脚注"><span id=".E8.84.9A.E6.B3.A8"></span>脚注</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A7%91_(%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E%E5%AD%A6)&action=edit&section=3" title="節を編集: 脚注"><span>編集</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="noprint" style="float:right; font-size:90%;">[<a href="/wiki/Help:%E8%84%9A%E6%B3%A8/%E8%AA%AD%E8%80%85%E5%90%91%E3%81%91" title="Help:脚注/読者向け"><span title="この欄の操作法">脚注の使い方</span></a>]</div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">“<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iapt-taxon.org/nomen/pages/main/art_18.html">Article 18</a>”. <i>International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants</i>.  International Association for Plant Taxonomy. <span title="">2019年10月27日</span>閲覧。</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">“<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iapt-taxon.org/nomen/pages/main/art_19.html">Article 19</a>”. <i>International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants</i>.  International Association for Plant Taxonomy. <span title="">2019年10月27日</span>閲覧。</cite></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="navbox" aria-labelledby="生物学・分類学の階級" style="border-collapse:collapse;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="background:transparent;color:inherit;min-width:100%;border-spacing:0px;border-collapse:separate"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div style="float:left;width:6em;text-align:left"><div class="noprint plainlinks navbar hlist" style="white-space:nowrap;font-size:60%;font-weight:normal;background-color:transparent;padding:0;color:#000;;border:none;"><ul style="display:inline"><li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E9%9A%8E%E7%B4%9A_(%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6)" title="Template:階級 (生物学)"><span title="このテンプレートを表示します" style="font-size:125%;;;border:none;">表</span></a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template%E2%80%90%E3%83%8E%E3%83%BC%E3%83%88:%E9%9A%8E%E7%B4%9A_(%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template‐ノート:階級 (生物学) (存在しないページ)"><span title="このテンプレートのノートを表示します" style="font-size:125%;color:#002bb8;;;border:none;">話</span></a></li><li><a class="external text" href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template%3A%E9%9A%8E%E7%B4%9A_%28%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6%29&action=edit"><span title="このテンプレートを編集します。保存の前にプレビューを忘れずに。" style="font-size:125%;color:#002bb8;;;border:none;">編</span></a></li><li><a class="external text" href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template%3A%E9%9A%8E%E7%B4%9A_%28%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6%29&action=history"><span title="このテンプレートの過去の版を表示します" style="font-size:125%;color:#002bb8;;;border:none;">歴</span></a></li></ul></div></div><div id="生物学・分類学の階級" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 6em"><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6" title="生物学">生物学</a>・<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E%E5%AD%A6" title="分類学">分類学</a>の<a href="/wiki/%E9%9A%8E%E7%B4%9A_(%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6)" title="階級 (生物学)">階級</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd plainlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px;line-height: 1.75;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <table style="width: 100%;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="background-color: #C1CDC1;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9" title="植物">植物</a> </th> <td style="background-color: #E0EEE0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E3%83%89%E3%83%A1%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3_(%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E%E5%AD%A6)" title="ドメイン (分類学)">ドメイン</a></li></ul> </td> <td style="background-color: #E0EEE0;"> <ul><li>上界</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E7%95%8C_(%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E%E5%AD%A6)" title="界 (分類学)">界</a></b></li> <li>亜界</li> <li>下界</li> <li>小界</li></ul> </td> <td style="background-color: #E0EEE0;"> <ul><li>上門</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E9%96%80_(%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E%E5%AD%A6)" title="門 (分類学)">門</a></b></li> <li>亜門</li> <li>下門</li> <li>小門</li></ul> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #E0EEE0;"> <ul><li>上綱</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%B1_(%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E%E5%AD%A6)" title="綱 (分類学)">綱</a></b></li> <li>亜綱</li> <li>下綱</li> <li>準綱</li> <li>小綱</li></ul> </td> <td style="background-color: #E0EEE0;"> <ul><li>巨目</li> <li>上目</li> <li>大目</li> <li>中目</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%AE_(%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E%E5%AD%A6)" title="目 (分類学)">目</a></b></li> <li>亜目</li> <li>下目</li> <li>小目</li></ul> </td> <td style="background-color: #E0EEE0;"> <ul><li>上科</li> <li><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">科</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9C%E7%A7%91" title="亜科">亜科</a></li> <li>下科</li></ul> </td> <td style="background-color: #E0EEE0;"> <ul><li>上連</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%8F_(%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E%E5%AD%A6)" title="族 (分類学)">連</a></li> <li>亜連</li> <li>下連</li></ul> </td> <td style="background-color: #E0EEE0;"> <ul><li>上属</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%9E_(%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E%E5%AD%A6)" title="属 (分類学)">属</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9C%E5%B1%9E" title="亜属">亜属</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AF%80_(%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E%E5%AD%A6)" title="節 (分類学)">節</a></li> <li>亜節</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%97_(%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E%E5%AD%A6)" title="列 (分類学)">列</a></li> <li>亜列</li></ul> </td> <td style="background-color: #E0EEE0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%86%E7%BE%A4" title="集群">上種</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E7%A8%AE_(%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E%E5%AD%A6)" title="種 (分類学)">種</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9C%E7%A8%AE" title="亜種">亜種</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%89%E7%A8%AE" title="変種">変種</a></li> <li>亜変種</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%81%E7%A8%AE_(%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E%E5%AD%A6)" title="品種 (分類学)">品種</a></li> <li>亜品種</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color: #D3D3A4;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%95%E7%89%A9" title="動物">動物</a> </th> <td style="background-color: #E9E9D1;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E3%83%89%E3%83%A1%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3_(%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E%E5%AD%A6)" title="ドメイン (分類学)">ドメイン</a></li></ul> </td> <td style="background-color: #E9E9D1;"> <ul><li>上界</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E7%95%8C_(%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E%E5%AD%A6)" title="界 (分類学)">界</a></b></li> <li>亜界</li> <li>下界</li> <li>小界</li></ul> </td> <td style="background-color: #E9E9D1;"> <ul><li>上門</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E9%96%80_(%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E%E5%AD%A6)" title="門 (分類学)">門</a></b></li> <li>亜門</li> <li>下門</li> <li>小門</li></ul> </td> <td style="background-color: #E9E9D1;"> <ul><li>上綱</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%B1_(%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E%E5%AD%A6)" title="綱 (分類学)">綱</a></b></li> <li>亜綱</li> <li>下綱</li> <li>準綱</li> <li>小綱</li></ul> </td> <td style="background-color: #E9E9D1;"> <ul><li>上団</li> <li>団</li> <li>亜団</li> <li>下団</li> <li>上区</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%BA_(%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E%E5%AD%A6)" title="区 (分類学)">区</a></li> <li>亜区</li> <li>下区</li></ul> </td> <td style="background-color: #E9E9D1;"> <ul><li>巨目</li> <li>上目</li> <li>大目</li> <li>中目</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%AE_(%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E%E5%AD%A6)" title="目 (分類学)">目</a></b></li> <li>亜目</li> <li>下目</li> <li>小目</li></ul> </td> <td style="background-color: #E9E9D1;"> <ul><li>上科</li> <li><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">科</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9C%E7%A7%91" title="亜科">亜科</a></li> <li>下科</li></ul> </td> <td style="background-color: #E9E9D1;"> <ul><li>上族</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%8F_(%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E%E5%AD%A6)" title="族 (分類学)">族</a></li> <li>亜族</li> <li>下族</li></ul> </td> <td style="background-color: #E9E9D1;"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%9E_(%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E%E5%AD%A6)" title="属 (分類学)">属</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9C%E5%B1%9E" title="亜属">亜属</a></li></ul> </td> <td style="background-color: #E9E9D1;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A8%AE%E9%9B%86%E7%BE%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="種集群">種集群</a>（上種）</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E7%A8%AE_(%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E%E5%AD%A6)" title="種 (分類学)">種</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9C%E7%A8%AE%E9%9B%86%E7%BE%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="亜種集群">亜種集群</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9C%E7%A8%AE" title="亜種">亜種</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"> <b>太字</b>は基本的な階級</td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r96783592">.mw-parser-output .asbox{position:relative;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .asbox table{background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .asbox p{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .asbox p+p{margin-top:0.25em}.mw-parser-output .asbox{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .asbox-note{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .asbox .navbar{position:absolute;top:-0.90em;right:1em;display:none}</style><div role="note" class="metadata plainlinks asbox stub"><table role="presentation"><tbody><tr class="noresize"><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1%E3%82%A4%E3%83%AB:P_biology.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="スタブアイコン" 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