CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Christopher Lee - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"4d005e37-4bd0-4a72-99e5-3c2228639398","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Christopher_Lee","wgTitle":"Christopher Lee","wgCurRevisionId":1260774454,"wgRevisionId":1260774454,"wgArticleId":53494,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["CS1 Finnish-language sources (fi)","Pages containing London Gazette template with parameter supp set to y","Webarchive template wayback links","CS1 German-language sources (de)","Articles with short description","Short description matches Wikidata","Good articles","Use British English from November 2024","Use dmy dates from November 2024","Short description is different from Wikidata","Articles with hCards","Pages using infobox military person with embed","Biography with signature" ,"Commons category link from Wikidata","TCMDb name template using non-numeric ID from Wikidata","1922 births","2015 deaths","20th-century English male actors","21st-century English male actors","Actors awarded knighthoods","Actors educated at Wellington College, Berkshire","Actors from the City of Westminster","BAFTA fellows","British Home Guard soldiers","British people of Italian descent","British South Africa Police officers","British Special Operations Executive personnel","Carandini family","Commanders of the Order of St John","Commanders of the Order of the British Empire","Deaths from congestive heart failure","Deaths from respiratory failure","English Anglo-Catholics","English expatriate male actors in the United States","English heavy metal singers","English male film actors","English male singers","English male stage actors","English male television actors","English male video game actors","English male voice actors","English people of Italian descent","English rock singers", "Knights Bachelor","Knights of the Order of St John","Male actors from London","Military personnel from the City of Westminster","Officiers of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres","People educated at Summer Fields School","People from Belgravia","Royal Air Force officers","Royal Air Force personnel of World War II","Volunteers in the Winter War"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Christopher_Lee","wgRelevantArticleId":53494,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false, "nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":100000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q180338","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles": "ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.5"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9b/Christopher_Lee_2009.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="2153"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9b/Christopher_Lee_2009.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1436"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Christopher_Lee_2009.jpg/640px-Christopher_Lee_2009.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1148"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Christopher Lee - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Lee"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Christopher_Lee&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Lee"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Christopher_Lee rootpage-Christopher_Lee skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Main menu </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z">Main page</a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia">Contents</a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events">Current events</a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x">Random article</a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works">About Wikipedia</a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia">Contact us</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia">Help</a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia">Learn to edit</a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors">Community portal</a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r">Recent changes</a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia">Upload file</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"> Search </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Appearance </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class="">Donate</a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Christopher+Lee" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class="">Create account</a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Christopher+Lee" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class="">Log in</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Personal tools </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en">Donate</a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Christopher+Lee" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"> Create account</a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Christopher+Lee" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"> Log in</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing">learn more</a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y">Contributions</a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n">Talk</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Early_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1 Early life </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Military_service" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Military_service"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Military service </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Military_service-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Career" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Career"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Career </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Career-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Career subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-1947–1957:_Career_beginnings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1947–1957:_Career_beginnings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 1947–1957: Career beginnings </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1947–1957:_Career_beginnings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1957–1976:_Work_with_Hammer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1957–1976:_Work_with_Hammer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 1957–1976: Work with Hammer </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1957–1976:_Work_with_Hammer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1977–1999:_Move_to_Hollywood" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1977–1999:_Move_to_Hollywood"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 1977–1999: Move to Hollywood </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1977–1999:_Move_to_Hollywood-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2000–2009:_Resurgence_in_franchise_films" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2000–2009:_Resurgence_in_franchise_films"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 2000–2009: Resurgence in franchise films </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2000–2009:_Resurgence_in_franchise_films-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2010–2015:_Later_roles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2010–2015:_Later_roles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.5 2010–2015: Later roles </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2010–2015:_Later_roles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Music_career" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music_career"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Music career </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music_career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Personal life </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Personal life subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Family_and_relationships" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Family_and_relationships"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Family and relationships </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Family_and_relationships-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Physical_characteristics_and_beliefs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Physical_characteristics_and_beliefs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Physical characteristics and beliefs </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Physical_characteristics_and_beliefs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Death </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Honours_and_legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Honours_and_legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Honours and legacy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Honours_and_legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Works" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Works"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Works </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Works-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Works subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Works-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Filmography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Filmography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 Filmography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Filmography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Books" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Books"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.2 Books </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Books-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Audiobooks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Audiobooks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.3 Audiobooks </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Audiobooks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Discography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Discography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.4 Discography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Discography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Albums" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Albums"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.4.1 Albums </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Albums-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-EPs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#EPs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.4.2 EPs </div> </a> <ul id="toc-EPs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Singles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Singles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.4.3 Singles </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Singles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rhapsody_of_Fire_guest_appearances" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rhapsody_of_Fire_guest_appearances"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.4.4 Rhapsody of Fire guest appearances </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rhapsody_of_Fire_guest_appearances-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_guest_appearances" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_guest_appearances"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.4.5 Other guest appearances </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_guest_appearances-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Bibliography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Christopher Lee</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 102 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-102" aria-hidden="true" > 102 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Lee" title="Christopher Lee – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Christopher Lee" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Lee" title="Christopher Lee – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Christopher Lee" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%81%D8%B1_%D9%84%D9%8A" title="كرستوفر لي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كرستوفر لي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Lee" title="Christopher Lee – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Christopher Lee" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Lee" title="Christopher Lee – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Christopher Lee" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Arpetan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Lee" title="Christopher Lee – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Christopher Lee" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Lee" title="Christopher Lee – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Christopher Lee" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aymar aru</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristofer_Li" title="Kristofer Li – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kristofer Li" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%81%D8%B1_%D9%84%DB%8C" title="کریستوفر لی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="کریستوفر لی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%80" title="ক্রিস্টোফার লী – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ক্রিস্টোফার লী" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Lee" title="Christopher Lee – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Christopher Lee" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%9B%D1%96" title="Крыстафер Лі – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Крыстафер Лі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%84%D1%8A%D1%80_%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Кристофър Лий – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Кристофър Лий" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Lee" title="Christopher Lee – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Christopher Lee" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Lee" title="Christopher Lee – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Christopher Lee" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Lee" title="Christopher Lee – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Christopher Lee" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Lee" title="Christopher Lee – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Christopher Lee" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target">Corsu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Lee" title="Christopher Lee – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Christopher Lee" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Lee" title="Christopher Lee – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Christopher Lee" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Lee" title="Christopher Lee – Pennsylvania German" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Christopher Lee" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvania German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deitsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Lee" title="Christopher Lee – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Christopher Lee" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Lee" title="Christopher Lee – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Christopher Lee" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dolnoserbski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Lee" title="Christopher Lee – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Christopher Lee" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CF%81%CE%AF%CF%83%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%86%CE%B5%CF%81_%CE%9B%CE%B9" title="Κρίστοφερ Λι – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κρίστοφερ Λι" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Lee" title="Christopher Lee – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Christopher Lee" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Lee" title="Christopher Lee – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Christopher Lee" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Lee" title="Christopher Lee – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Christopher Lee" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target">Estremeñu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Lee" title="Christopher Lee – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Christopher Lee" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%81%D8%B1_%D9%84%DB%8C" title="کریستوفر لی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کریستوفر لی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Lee" title="Christopher Lee – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Christopher Lee" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Lee" title="Christopher Lee – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Christopher Lee" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Lee" title="Christopher Lee – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Christopher Lee" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Lee" title="Christopher Lee – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Christopher Lee" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Lee" title="Christopher Lee – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Christopher Lee" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Lee" title="Christopher Lee – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Christopher Lee" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Lee" title="Christopher Lee – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Christopher Lee" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%BA%F0%90%8D%82%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8D%83%F0%90%8D%84%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BF%F0%90%8D%86%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8D%82_%F0%90%8C%BB%F0%90%8C%B4%F0%90%8C%B9" title="𐌺𐍂𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂 𐌻𐌴𐌹 – Gothic" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌺𐍂𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂 𐌻𐌴𐌹" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gothic" class="interlanguage-link-target">𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%81%AC%EB%A6%AC%EC%8A%A4%ED%86%A0%ED%8D%BC_%EB%A6%AC" title="크리스토퍼 리 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="크리스토퍼 리" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Lee" title="Christopher Lee – Hawaiian" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Christopher Lee" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawaiian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hawaiʻi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%94%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%86%D5%A5%D6%80_%D4%BC%D5%AB" title="Քրիստոֆեր Լի – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Քրիստոֆեր Լի" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Lee" title="Christopher Lee – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Christopher Lee" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hornjoserbsce</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Lee" title="Christopher Lee – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Christopher Lee" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Lee" title="Christopher Lee – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Christopher Lee" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Lee" title="Christopher Lee – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Christopher Lee" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Igbo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Lee" title="Christopher Lee – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Christopher Lee" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Lee" title="Christopher Lee – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Christopher Lee" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Lee" title="Christopher Lee – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Christopher Lee" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Lee" title="Christopher Lee – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Christopher Lee" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%A8_%D7%9C%D7%99" title="כריסטופר לי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="כריסטופר לי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Lee" title="Christopher Lee – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Christopher Lee" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Lee" title="Christopher Lee – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Christopher Lee" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kapampangan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A4%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0_%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="კრისტოფერ ლი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კრისტოფერ ლი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%9B%D0%B8" title="Кристофер Ли – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Кристофер Ли" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Lee" title="Christopher Lee – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Christopher Lee" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Lee" title="Christopher Lee – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Christopher Lee" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%9B%D0%B8" title="Кристофер Ли – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Кристофер Ли" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christophorus_Lee" title="Christophorus Lee – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Christophorus Lee" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristofers_L%C4%AB" title="Kristofers Lī – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kristofers Lī" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Lee" title="Christopher Lee – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Christopher Lee" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Lee" title="Christopher Lee – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Christopher Lee" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Lee" title="Christopher Lee – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Christopher Lee" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%BC_%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%80" title="ക്രിസ്റ്റഫർ ലീ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ക്രിസ്റ്റഫർ ലീ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A4%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0_%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="კრისტოფერ ლი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="კრისტოფერ ლი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%81%D8%B1_%D9%84%D9%89" title="كرستوفر لى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كرستوفر لى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Lee_(United_Kingdom)" title="Christopher Lee (United Kingdom) – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Christopher Lee (United Kingdom)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Lee" title="Christopher Lee – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Christopher Lee" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1%E3%83%BC%E3%83%BB%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC" title="クリストファー・リー – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="クリストファー・リー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Lee" title="Christopher Lee – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Christopher Lee" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Lee" title="Christopher Lee – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Christopher Lee" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Lee" title="Christopher Lee – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Christopher Lee" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Lee" title="Christopher Lee – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Christopher Lee" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%BC%D9%88%D9%81%D8%B1_%D9%84%D9%8A" title="کریسټوفر لي – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="کریسټوفر لي" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Lee" title="Christopher Lee – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Christopher Lee" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Lee" title="Christopher Lee – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Christopher Lee" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Lee" title="Christopher Lee – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Christopher Lee" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Lee" title="Christopher Lee – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Christopher Lee" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Lee" title="Christopher Lee – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Christopher Lee" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8,_%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Ли, Кристофер – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ли, Кристофер" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Lee" title="Christopher Lee – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Christopher Lee" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Lee" title="Christopher Lee – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Christopher Lee" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Lee" title="Christopher Lee – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Christopher Lee" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Lee" title="Christopher Lee – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Christopher Lee" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Lee" title="Christopher Lee – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Christopher Lee" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Lee" title="Christopher Lee – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Christopher Lee" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%86%D9%81%DB%95%D8%B1_%D9%84%DB%8C" title="کریستۆفەر لی – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کریستۆفەر لی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%9B%D0%B8" title="Кристофер Ли – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Кристофер Ли" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Lee" title="Christopher Lee – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Christopher Lee" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Lee" title="Christopher Lee – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Christopher Lee" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Lee" title="Christopher Lee – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Christopher Lee" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%9B%D0%B8" title="Кристофер Ли – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Кристофер Ли" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C_%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5" title="คริสโตเฟอร์ ลี – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="คริสโตเฟอร์ ลี" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Lee" title="Christopher Lee – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Christopher Lee" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%9B%D1%96" title="Крістофер Лі – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Крістофер Лі" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%B9%D9%88%D9%81%D8%B1_%D9%84%DB%8C" title="کرسٹوفر لی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کرسٹوفر لی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Lee" title="Christopher Lee – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Christopher Lee" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Lee" title="Christopher Lee – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Christopher Lee" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Lee" title="Christopher Lee – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Christopher Lee" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target">Volapük</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Lee" title="Christopher Lee – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Christopher Lee" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E6%89%98%E5%BC%97%C2%B7%E6%9D%8E" title="克里斯托弗·李 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="克里斯托弗·李" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Lee" title="Christopher Lee – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Christopher Lee" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E6%96%AF%E6%9D%9C%E5%8C%96%E6%9D%8E" title="基斯杜化李 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="基斯杜化李" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E5%A4%9A%E7%A6%8F%C2%B7%E6%9D%8E" title="克里斯多福·李 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="克里斯多福·李" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q180338#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Lee" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c">Article</a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Christopher_Lee" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t">Talk</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >English </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Lee">Read</a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christopher_Lee&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e">Edit</a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christopher_Lee&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h">View history</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >Tools </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Lee">Read</a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christopher_Lee&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e">Edit</a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christopher_Lee&action=history">View history</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Christopher_Lee" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j">What links here</a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Christopher_Lee" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k">Related changes</a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u">Upload file</a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q">Special pages</a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christopher_Lee&oldid=1260774454" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page">Permanent link</a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christopher_Lee&action=info" title="More information about this page">Page information</a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Christopher_Lee&id=1260774454&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page">Cite this page</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FChristopher_Lee">Get shortened URL</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FChristopher_Lee">Download QR code</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Christopher_Lee&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file">Download as PDF</a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christopher_Lee&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p">Printable version</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Christopher_Lee" hreflang="en">Wikimedia Commons</a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikiquote mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Christopher_Lee" hreflang="en">Wikiquote</a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q180338" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g">Wikidata item</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-good-star" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Good_articles*" title="This is a good article. Click here for more information."><img alt="This is a good article. Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">English actor and singer (1922–2015)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other people named Christopher Lee, see <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Lee_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Christopher Lee (disambiguation)">Christopher Lee (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Sir Christopher Lee</div><div class="honorific-suffix" style="font-size: 77%; font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Commander_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Commander of the Order of the British Empire">CBE</a> <a href="/wiki/Commander_of_the_Order_of_St_John" class="mw-redirect" title="Commander of the Order of St John">CStJ</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Christopher_Lee_2009.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Christopher_Lee_2009.jpg/220px-Christopher_Lee_2009.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="395" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Christopher_Lee_2009.jpg/330px-Christopher_Lee_2009.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Christopher_Lee_2009.jpg/440px-Christopher_Lee_2009.jpg 2x" data-file-width="642" data-file-height="1152" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">Lee in 2009</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">(1922-05-27)27 May 1922 <div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Belgravia" title="Belgravia">Belgravia</a>, London, England</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">7 June 2015(2015-06-07) (aged 93) <div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Chelsea,_London" title="Chelsea, London">Chelsea</a>, London, England</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupations</th><td class="infobox-data role"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"> <ul><li>Actor</li> <li>singer</li> <li>military officer</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Years active</th><td class="infobox-data">1948–2015</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;">Birgit Krøncke</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1961)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">1</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Relatives</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist nowrap"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Carandini" title="Marie Carandini">Marie Carandini</a> (great-grandmother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_Fleming" title="Ian Fleming">Ian Fleming</a> (step-cousin)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Walter" title="Harriet Walter">Harriet Walter</a> (niece)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Knight_Bachelor" title="Knight Bachelor">Knight Bachelor</a> (2009)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546">Musical career</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Genres</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist nowrap"> <ul><li>Opera</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symphonic_metal" title="Symphonic metal">symphonic metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_metal" title="Power metal">power metal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Musical artist</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-weight:bold;">Military career</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Allegiance</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_support_of_Finland_in_the_Winter_War" title="Foreign support of Finland in the Winter War">Finland</a> (1939)</li> <li>United Kingdom (1940–1946)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Service / branch</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_Army" title="Finnish Army">Finnish Army</a> (1939)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Home_Guard_(United_Kingdom)" title="Home Guard (United Kingdom)">Home Guard</a> (1940)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force" title="Royal Air Force">Royal Air Force</a> (1941–1946)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Years of service</th><td class="infobox-data">1939–1946</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Flight_lieutenant" title="Flight lieutenant">Flight lieutenant</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Battles / wars</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1116488514">.mw-parser-output .treeview ul{padding:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .treeview li{padding:0;margin:0;list-style-type:none;list-style-image:none}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li{background:url("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Treeview-grey-line.png")no-repeat 0 -2981px;padding-left:21px;text-indent:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li:last-child{background-position:0 -5971px}.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>.mw-empty-elt:first-child+.emptyline,.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>li:first-child{background-position:0 9px}</style><div class="treeview"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Winter_War" title="Winter War">Winter War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_African_campaign" title="North African campaign">North African campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allied_invasion_of_Italy" title="Allied invasion of Italy">Allied invasion of Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Monte_Cassino" title="Battle of Monte Cassino">Battle of Monte Cassino</a></li></ul></li></ul></div> </td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Signature</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/File:Aut%C3%B3grafo_de_Christopher_Lee.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Aut%C3%B3grafo_de_Christopher_Lee.jpg/150px-Aut%C3%B3grafo_de_Christopher_Lee.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="64" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Aut%C3%B3grafo_de_Christopher_Lee.jpg/225px-Aut%C3%B3grafo_de_Christopher_Lee.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Aut%C3%B3grafo_de_Christopher_Lee.jpg/300px-Aut%C3%B3grafo_de_Christopher_Lee.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4160" data-file-height="1767" /></a></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1157919884">.mw-parser-output .sidebar-person{border:4px double #d69d36}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-person .sidebar-title{font-size:110%;padding:0;line-height:150%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-person-title-image{background-color:#002466;vertical-align:middle;padding:5px}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-person-title{background-color:#002466;vertical-align:middle;padding:6px;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-person-title>div{font-size:88%;line-height:normal}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-person .sidebar-content{padding:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-person .sidebar-navbar{text-align:center}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks sidebar-person vcard hlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><table><tbody><tr> <td class="sidebar-person-title-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Christopher_Lee_invit%C3%A9_d%27Aubagne_Cin%C3%A9_Passion_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Christopher_Lee_invit%C3%A9_d%27Aubagne_Cin%C3%A9_Passion_%28cropped%29.jpg/75px-Christopher_Lee_invit%C3%A9_d%27Aubagne_Cin%C3%A9_Passion_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Christopher_Lee_invit%C3%A9_d%27Aubagne_Cin%C3%A9_Passion_%28cropped%29.jpg/113px-Christopher_Lee_invit%C3%A9_d%27Aubagne_Cin%C3%A9_Passion_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Christopher_Lee_invit%C3%A9_d%27Aubagne_Cin%C3%A9_Passion_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-Christopher_Lee_invit%C3%A9_d%27Aubagne_Cin%C3%A9_Passion_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1233" data-file-height="1769" /></a></td> <td class="sidebar-person-title"><div>This article is part of a series about</div><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Christopher Lee</a></td> </tr></tbody></table></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Lee_filmography" title="Christopher Lee filmography">Filmography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Carandini" title="House of Carandini">House of Carandini</a></li> <li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Christopher_Lee" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Christopher Lee">Gallery</a></li></ul> </div><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Count_Dracula" title="Count Dracula">Count Dracula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fu_Manchu" title="Fu Manchu">Fu Manchu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Count_Dooku" title="Count Dooku">Count Dooku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saruman" title="Saruman">Saruman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Characters_of_Kingdom_Hearts#Ansem_the_Wise" title="Characters of Kingdom Hearts">DiZ / Ansem the Wise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_frequent_Tim_Burton_collaborators" title="List of frequent Tim Burton collaborators">Tim Burton collaborations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlemagne:_By_the_Sword_and_the_Cross" title="Charlemagne: By the Sword and the Cross">Charlemagne: By the Sword and the Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlemagne:_The_Omens_of_Death" title="Charlemagne: The Omens of Death">Charlemagne: The Omens of Death</a></li></ul> </div> <hr /></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Christopher_Lee_sidebar" title="Template:Christopher Lee sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Christopher_Lee_sidebar" title="Template talk:Christopher Lee sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Christopher_Lee_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Christopher Lee sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> Sir Christopher Frank Carandini Lee <a href="/wiki/Commander_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Commander of the Order of the British Empire">CBE</a> <a href="/wiki/Commander_of_the_Order_of_St_John" class="mw-redirect" title="Commander of the Order of St John">CStJ</a> (27 May 1922 – 7 June 2015) was an English actor and singer.<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> In a career spanning more than sixty years, Lee became known as an actor with a deep and commanding voice who often portrayed villains in horror and franchise films. Lee was <a href="/wiki/Knight_Bachelor" title="Knight Bachelor">knighted</a> for services to drama and charity in 2009, received the <a href="/wiki/BAFTA_Fellowship" title="BAFTA Fellowship">BAFTA Fellowship</a> in 2011 and received the <a href="/wiki/British_Film_Institute_Fellowship" title="British Film Institute Fellowship">BFI Fellowship</a> in 2013. Lee gained fame for portraying <a href="/wiki/Count_Dracula" title="Count Dracula">Count Dracula</a> in seven <a href="/wiki/Hammer_Film_Productions" title="Hammer Film Productions">Hammer Horror</a> films. His other film roles include <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Scaramanga" title="Francisco Scaramanga">Francisco Scaramanga</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Production_of_the_James_Bond_films" title="Production of the James Bond films">James Bond film</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Man_with_the_Golden_Gun_(film)" title="The Man with the Golden Gun (film)">The Man with the Golden Gun</a> (1974), <a href="/wiki/Count_Dooku" title="Count Dooku">Count Dooku</a> in three <a href="/wiki/List_of_Star_Wars_films" title="List of Star Wars films">Star Wars films</a> (2002–2008) and <a href="/wiki/Saruman" title="Saruman">Saruman</a> in both <a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings_(film_series)" title="The Lord of the Rings (film series)">The Lord of the Rings film trilogy</a> (2001–2003) and <a href="/wiki/The_Hobbit_(film_series)" title="The Hobbit (film series)">The Hobbit film trilogy</a> (2012–2014). He frequently appeared opposite his friend <a href="/wiki/Peter_Cushing" title="Peter Cushing">Peter Cushing</a> in horror films, and late in his career had roles in <a href="/wiki/List_of_frequent_Tim_Burton_collaborators" title="List of frequent Tim Burton collaborators">five Tim Burton films</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Sleepy_Hollow_(film)" title="Sleepy Hollow (film)">Sleepy Hollow</a> (1999), <a href="/wiki/Corpse_Bride" title="Corpse Bride">Corpse Bride</a> (2005), <a href="/wiki/Charlie_and_the_Chocolate_Factory_(film)" title="Charlie and the Chocolate Factory (film)">Charlie and the Chocolate Factory</a> (2005), <a href="/wiki/Alice_in_Wonderland_(2010_film)" title="Alice in Wonderland (2010 film)">Alice in Wonderland</a> (2010) and <a href="/wiki/Dark_Shadows_(film)" title="Dark Shadows (film)">Dark Shadows</a> (2012). Lee's other notable roles include <a href="/wiki/The_Curse_of_Frankenstein" title="The Curse of Frankenstein">The Curse of Frankenstein</a> (1957), <a href="/wiki/Dracula_(1958_film)" title="Dracula (1958 film)">Dracula</a> (1958), <a href="/wiki/A_Tale_of_Two_Cities_(1958_film)" title="A Tale of Two Cities (1958 film)">A Tale of Two Cities</a> (1958), <a href="/wiki/The_Wicker_Man" title="The Wicker Man">The Wicker Man</a> (1973), <a href="/wiki/Gremlins_2:_The_New_Batch" title="Gremlins 2: The New Batch">Gremlins 2: The New Batch</a> (1990), <a href="/wiki/Jinnah_(film)" title="Jinnah (film)">Jinnah</a> (1998), <a href="/wiki/Glorious_39" title="Glorious 39">Glorious 39</a> (2009) and <a href="/wiki/Hugo_(film)" title="Hugo (film)">Hugo</a> (2011). Before his acting career, Lee served in the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force" title="Royal Air Force">Royal Air Force</a> as an intelligence officer, attached to the <a href="/wiki/No._260_Squadron_RAF" title="No. 260 Squadron RAF">No. 260 Squadron RAF</a> during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> as a liaison officer for the <a href="/wiki/Special_Operations_Executive" title="Special Operations Executive">Special Operations Executive</a>. He retired from the RAF in 1946 with the rank of <a href="/wiki/Flight_lieutenant" title="Flight lieutenant">flight lieutenant</a>. Lee also sang, recorded opera and musical pieces between 1986 and 1998 and worked with several heavy metal bands; he appeared on the albums <a href="/wiki/Charlemagne:_By_the_Sword_and_the_Cross" title="Charlemagne: By the Sword and the Cross">Charlemagne: By the Sword and the Cross</a> (2010) and <a href="/wiki/Charlemagne:_The_Omens_of_Death" title="Charlemagne: The Omens of Death">Charlemagne: The Omens of Death</a> (2013). <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-3"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Christopher_Lee&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life">edit</a>]</div> Lee was born on 27 May 1922 in <a href="/wiki/Belgravia" title="Belgravia">Belgravia</a>, London,<a href="#cite_note-12:49_pm-2">[2]</a> the son of <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_colonel_(United_Kingdom)" title="Lieutenant colonel (United Kingdom)">Lieutenant Colonel</a> Geoffrey Trollope Lee (1879–1941) of the 60th <a href="/wiki/King%27s_Royal_Rifle_Corps" title="King's Royal Rifle Corps">King's Royal Rifle Corps</a>, and his wife, Countess Estelle Marie (née <a href="/wiki/House_of_Carandini" title="House of Carandini">Carandini di Sarzano</a>; 1889–1981).<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-Early-4">[4]</a> Lee's father fought in the <a href="/wiki/Second_Boer_War" title="Second Boer War">Boer War</a> and <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELee20036–7-5">[5]</a> and his mother was an <a href="/wiki/Edwardian_era" title="Edwardian era">Edwardian</a> beauty who was painted by <a href="/wiki/John_Lavery" title="John Lavery">Sir John Lavery</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oswald_Birley" title="Oswald Birley">Oswald Birley</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Olive_Snell" title="Olive Snell">Olive Snell</a>, and sculpted by <a href="/wiki/Clare_Sheridan" title="Clare Sheridan">Clare Sheridan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELee200313-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-Wise_2002-7">[7]</a> Lee's maternal great-grandfather, <a href="/wiki/Jerome_Carandini" class="mw-redirect" title="Jerome Carandini">Jerome Carandini</a>, the Marquis of Sarzano, was an Italian political refugee; his wife, Lee's great-grandmother, was English-born opera singer <a href="/wiki/Marie_Carandini" title="Marie Carandini">Marie Carandini</a> (née Burgess). He had an elder sister, Xandra Carandini Lee (1917–2002).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELee20033-8">[8]</a> Lee's parents separated when he was four and divorced two years later.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELee20037-9">[9]</a> During this time, his mother took his sister and him to <a href="/wiki/Wengen" title="Wengen">Wengen</a> in Switzerland.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELee200321-10">[10]</a> After enrolling in Miss Fisher's Academy in <a href="/wiki/Territet" title="Territet">Territet</a>, he played his first role, as <a href="/wiki/Rumpelstiltskin" title="Rumpelstiltskin">Rumpelstiltskin</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELee200322-11">[11]</a> They then returned to London, where Lee attended Wagner's private school in <a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Gate" title="Queen's Gate">Queen's Gate</a>, and his mother married Harcourt George St-Croix Rose, a banker and uncle of <a href="/wiki/Ian_Fleming" title="Ian Fleming">Ian Fleming</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELee200322–23-12">[12]</a> Fleming, author of the <a href="/wiki/James_Bond" title="James Bond">James Bond</a> novels, thus became Lee's step-cousin. The family moved to <a href="/wiki/Fulham" title="Fulham">Fulham</a>, living next door to the actor <a href="/wiki/Eric_Maturin" title="Eric Maturin">Eric Maturin</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELee200323-13">[13]</a> One night, he was introduced to <a href="/wiki/Felix_Yusupov" title="Felix Yusupov">Prince Yusupov</a> and <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duke_Dmitri_Pavlovich_of_Russia" title="Grand Duke Dmitri Pavlovich of Russia">Grand Duke Dmitri Pavlovich</a>, the assassins of <a href="/wiki/Grigori_Rasputin" title="Grigori Rasputin">Grigori Rasputin</a>, who Lee was to play many years later.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELee200324-14">[14]</a> When Lee was nine, he was sent to <a href="/wiki/Summer_Fields_School" title="Summer Fields School">Summer Fields School</a>, a preparatory school in Oxford, some of whose pupils later attended <a href="/wiki/Eton_College" title="Eton College">Eton</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELee200325-15">[15]</a> He continued acting in school plays, though "the laurels deservedly went to <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Macnee" title="Patrick Macnee">Patrick Macnee</a>."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELee200332-16">[16]</a> Lee applied for a scholarship to Eton, where his interview was in the presence of the <a href="/wiki/Ghost_story" title="Ghost story">ghost story</a> author <a href="/wiki/M.R._James" class="mw-redirect" title="M.R. James">M.R. James</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELee200338-17">[17]</a> His poor maths skills meant that he was placed eleventh, and thus missed out on being a <a href="/wiki/King%27s_Scholar" title="King's Scholar">King's Scholar</a> by one place. His step-father was not prepared to pay the higher fees that being an <a href="/wiki/Oppidan_Scholar" title="Oppidan Scholar">Oppidan Scholar</a> meant,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELee200338-17">[17]</a> so instead he attended <a href="/wiki/Wellington_College,_Berkshire" title="Wellington College, Berkshire">Wellington College</a>, where he won scholarships in the <a href="/wiki/Classics" title="Classics">classics</a>, studying <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek" title="Ancient Greek">Ancient Greek</a> and <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a>.<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> Aside from a "tiny part" in a school play, he did not act while at Wellington.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELee200344-19">[19]</a> He was a "passable" <a href="/wiki/Rackets_(sport)" title="Rackets (sport)">racquets</a> player and fencer and a competent cricketer but did not do well at the other sports played: hockey, football, rugby and boxing.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELee200345-20">[20]</a> He disliked the parades and weapons training and would always "play dead" as soon as possible during mock battles.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELee200346–47-21">[21]</a> Lee was frequently <a href="/wiki/School_corporal_punishment" title="School corporal punishment">beaten</a> at school, including once at Wellington for "being beaten too often," though he accepted them as "logical and therefore acceptable" punishments for knowingly breaking the rules.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELee200347-22">[22]</a> At age 17, and with one year left at Wellington, the summer term of 1939 was his last.<a href="#cite_note-Early-4">[4]</a> His step-father had gone bankrupt, owing £25,000 (equivalent to £1,957,809 in 2023).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELee200348-23">[23]</a> His mother separated from Rose, and Lee had to get a job, his sister already working as a secretary for the Church of England Pensions Board.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELee200350-24">[24]</a> With most employers on or preparing to go on summer holidays, there were no immediate opportunities for Lee, who was sent to the <a href="/wiki/French_Riviera" title="French Riviera">French Riviera</a>, where his sister was on holiday with friends.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELee200350-24">[24]</a> On his way there he stopped briefly in Paris, where he stayed with the journalist <a href="/wiki/Webb_Miller_(journalist)" title="Webb Miller (journalist)">Webb Miller</a>, a friend of Rose, and witnessed <a href="/wiki/Eugen_Weidmann" title="Eugen Weidmann">Eugen Weidmann</a>'s execution by <a href="/wiki/Guillotine" title="Guillotine">guillotine</a> – the last public execution performed in France.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELee200352-25">[25]</a> Arriving in <a href="/wiki/Menton" title="Menton">Menton</a>, he stayed with the Russian Mazirov family, living among exiled <a href="/wiki/List_of_Russian_princely_families" title="List of Russian princely families">princely families</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELee200354-26">[26]</a> It was arranged that he should remain in Menton after his sister had returned home, but with Europe on the <a href="/wiki/Causes_of_World_War_II" title="Causes of World War II">brink of war</a>, he returned to London instead.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELee200356-27">[27]</a> He worked as an office clerk for <a href="/wiki/United_States_Lines" title="United States Lines">United States Lines</a>, taking care of the mail and running errands.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELee200358–59-28">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-Paul2007-29">[29]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Military_service">Military service</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Christopher_Lee&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Military service">edit</a>]</div> When the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a> broke out in 1939, Lee had enrolled in a military academy and <a href="/wiki/Foreign_support_of_Finland_in_the_Winter_War" title="Foreign support of Finland in the Winter War">volunteered to fight</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Finnish_Army" title="Finnish Army">Finnish Army</a> against the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Winter_War" title="Winter War">Winter War</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELee200359-30">[30]</a> He and other British volunteers were kept away from the actual fighting, but they were issued with winter gear and were posted on guard duty a safe distance from the border. After two weeks in Finland, they returned home.<a href="#cite_note-yle-31">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELee200360-32">[32]</a> In a later interview, Lee said he knew how to shoot but not how to ski and that he probably would not be alive if he had been allowed to go to the front line.<a href="#cite_note-yle-31">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> Lee returned to work at United States Lines and found his work more satisfying, feeling that he was contributing. In early 1940, he joined <a href="/wiki/Beecham_Group" title="Beecham Group">Beecham's</a>, at first as an office clerk, then as a switchboard operator.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELee200362–63-35">[35]</a> When Beecham's moved out of London, he joined the <a href="/wiki/Home_Guard_(United_Kingdom)" title="Home Guard (United Kingdom)">Home Guard</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELee200364-36">[36]</a> In the winter, his father fell ill with <a href="/wiki/Classification_of_pneumonia" title="Classification of pneumonia">bilateral pneumonia</a> and died on 12 March 1941. Realising that he had no inclination to follow his father into the Army, Lee decided to join up while he still had some choice of service, and volunteered for the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force" title="Royal Air Force">Royal Air Force</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELee200365-37">[37]</a> Lee reported to <a href="/wiki/RAF_Uxbridge" title="RAF Uxbridge">RAF Uxbridge</a> for training and was then posted to the Initial Training Wing at <a href="/wiki/Paignton" title="Paignton">Paignton</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELee200367–68-38">[38]</a> After he had passed his exams in <a href="/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool">Liverpool</a>, the <a href="/wiki/British_Commonwealth_Air_Training_Plan" title="British Commonwealth Air Training Plan">British Commonwealth Air Training Plan</a> meant that he travelled on the <a href="/wiki/MV_Reina_del_Pacifico" title="MV Reina del Pacifico">Reina del Pacifico</a> to South Africa, then to his posting at Hillside, at <a href="/wiki/Bulawayo" title="Bulawayo">Bulawayo</a> in <a href="/wiki/Southern_Rhodesia" title="Southern Rhodesia">Southern Rhodesia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELee200370–71-39">[39]</a> Training with <a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_Tiger_Moth" title="De Havilland Tiger Moth">de Havilland Tiger Moths</a>, Lee was having his penultimate training session before his first solo flight, when he suffered from headaches and blurred vision. The medical officer hesitantly diagnosed a failure of his <a href="/wiki/Optic_nerve" title="Optic nerve">optic nerve</a>, and he was told he would never be allowed to fly again.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELee200372–73-40">[40]</a> Lee was devastated, and the death of a fellow trainee from his former school, Summer Fields, only made him more despondent. His appeals were fruitless, and he was left with nothing to do.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELee200373-41">[41]</a> He was moved around to different flying stations before being posted to Southern Rhodesia's capital, <a href="/wiki/Harare" title="Harare">Salisbury</a>, in December 1941.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELee200374-42">[42]</a> He then visited the <a href="/wiki/Mazowe_Dam" title="Mazowe Dam">Mazowe Dam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marondera" title="Marondera">Marandellas</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Hwange_National_Park" title="Hwange National Park">Wankie Game Reserve</a> and the ruins of <a href="/wiki/Great_Zimbabwe" title="Great Zimbabwe">Great Zimbabwe</a>. Thinking he should "do something constructive for my keep", he applied to join <a href="/wiki/RAF_Intelligence" title="RAF Intelligence">RAF Intelligence</a>. His superiors praised his initiative, and he was seconded into the <a href="/wiki/British_South_Africa_Police" title="British South Africa Police">British South Africa Police</a> and was posted as a warder at Salisbury Prison.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELee200375-43">[43]</a> He was then promoted to <a href="/wiki/Leading_aircraftman" title="Leading aircraftman">leading aircraftman</a>. Leaving South Africa, he sailed from <a href="/wiki/Durban" title="Durban">Durban</a> to <a href="/wiki/Suez" title="Suez">Suez</a> on the <a href="/wiki/SS_Nieuw_Amsterdam_(1937)" title="SS Nieuw Amsterdam (1937)">Nieuw Amsterdam</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELee200377-44">[44]</a> After "killing time" at RAF Kasfareet near the <a href="/wiki/Great_Bitter_Lake" title="Great Bitter Lake">Great Bitter Lake</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Suez_Canal" title="Suez Canal">Suez Canal</a> Zone in 1942, he resumed intelligence work in the city of <a href="/wiki/Isma%C3%AFlia" class="mw-redirect" title="Ismaïlia">Ismaïlia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELee200377–79-45">[45]</a> He was then attached to <a href="/wiki/No._205_Group_RAF" title="No. 205 Group RAF">No. 205 Group RAF</a> before being commissioned at the end of January 1943,<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> and attached to <a href="/wiki/No._260_Squadron_RAF" title="No. 260 Squadron RAF">No. 260 Squadron RAF</a> as an intelligence officer.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELee200381-47">[47]</a> As the <a href="/wiki/North_African_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="North African Campaign">North African Campaign</a> progressed, the squadron "leapfrogged" between Egyptian airstrips, from <a href="/wiki/RAF_El_Daba" title="RAF El Daba">RAF El Daba</a> to <a href="/wiki/Maaten_Bagush" title="Maaten Bagush">Maaten Bagush</a> and on to <a href="/wiki/Mersa_Matruh" title="Mersa Matruh">Mersa Matruh</a>; they lent air support to the ground forces and bombed strategic targets. Lee, "broadly speaking, was expected to know everything."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELee200384-48">[48]</a> The Allied advance continued into Libya, through <a href="/wiki/Tobruk" title="Tobruk">Tobruk</a> and <a href="/wiki/Benghazi" title="Benghazi">Benghazi</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Marble_Arch_(Libya)" title="Marble Arch (Libya)">Marble Arch</a> and then through <a href="/wiki/El_Agheila" title="El Agheila">El Agheila</a>, <a href="/wiki/Khoms,_Libya" class="mw-redirect" title="Khoms, Libya">Khoms</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tripoli,_Libya" title="Tripoli, Libya">Tripoli</a>, with the squadron averaging five missions a day.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELee200385–86-49">[49]</a> As the advance continued into Tunisia, with the Axis forces digging themselves in at the <a href="/wiki/Mareth_Line" title="Mareth Line">Mareth Line</a>, Lee was almost killed when the squadron's airfield was bombed.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELee200386-50">[50]</a> After <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Mareth_Line" title="Battle of the Mareth Line">breaking through the Mareth Line</a>, the squadron made their final base in <a href="/wiki/Kairouan" title="Kairouan">Kairouan</a>;<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELee200388-51">[51]</a> following the Axis surrender in North Africa in May 1943, the squadron moved to <a href="/wiki/Zuwarah" title="Zuwarah">Zuwarah</a> in Libya in preparation for the <a href="/wiki/Allied_invasion_of_Sicily" title="Allied invasion of Sicily">Allied invasion of Sicily</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELee200391-52">[52]</a> They then moved to <a href="/wiki/Crown_Colony_of_Malta" title="Crown Colony of Malta">Malta</a>, and, after its capture by the <a href="/wiki/Eighth_Army_(United_Kingdom)" title="Eighth Army (United Kingdom)">British Eighth Army</a>, the Sicilian town of <a href="/wiki/Pachino" title="Pachino">Pachino</a>, before making a permanent base in Agnone Bagni.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELee200393–94-53">[53]</a> At the end of July 1943, Lee received his second promotion of the year, this time to <a href="/wiki/Flying_officer" title="Flying officer">flying officer</a>.<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> After the Sicilian campaign was over, Lee came down with malaria for the sixth time in under a year, and was flown to a hospital in <a href="/wiki/Carthage_(municipality)" title="Carthage (municipality)">Carthage</a> for treatment. When he returned, the squadron was restless, frustrated with a lack of news about the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Front_(World_War_II)" title="Eastern Front (World War II)">Eastern Front</a> and the Soviet Union in general, and with no mail from home or alcohol. Unrest spread and threatened to turn into mutiny. Lee, by now an expert on Russia, talked them into resuming their duties, which much impressed his commanding officer.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELee200396–97-55">[55]</a> After the <a href="/wiki/Allied_invasion_of_Italy" title="Allied invasion of Italy">Allied invasion of Italy</a>, the squadron was based in <a href="/wiki/Foggia" title="Foggia">Foggia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Termoli" title="Termoli">Termoli</a> during the winter of 1943, where Lee was then seconded to the Army during an officers' swap scheme.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELee200398-56">[56]</a> During most of the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Monte_Cassino" title="Battle of Monte Cassino">Battle of Monte Cassino</a> he was attached to the <a href="/wiki/Gurkha" title="Gurkha">Gurkhas</a> of the <a href="/wiki/8th_Infantry_Division_(India)" title="8th Infantry Division (India)">8th Indian Infantry Division</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELee200399–100-57">[57]</a> While spending some time on leave in <a href="/wiki/Naples" title="Naples">Naples</a>, Lee climbed <a href="/wiki/Mount_Vesuvius" title="Mount Vesuvius">Mount Vesuvius</a>, which <a href="/wiki/Mount_Vesuvius#Eruptions_in_the_20th_century" title="Mount Vesuvius">erupted three days later</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELee2003100–101-58">[58]</a> During the final assault on Monte Cassino, the squadron was based in San Angelo, and Lee was nearly killed when one of the planes crashed on takeoff, and he tripped over one of its live bombs.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELee2003101-59">[59]</a> After the battle, the squadron moved to airfields just outside Rome, and Lee visited the city, where he met his mother's cousin, <a href="/wiki/Nicol%C3%B2_Carandini" title="Nicolò Carandini">Nicolò Carandini</a>, who had fought in the <a href="/wiki/Italian_resistance_movement" title="Italian resistance movement">Italian resistance movement</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELee2003102-60">[60]</a> In November 1944, Lee was promoted to <a href="/wiki/Flight_lieutenant" title="Flight lieutenant">flight lieutenant</a> and left the squadron in <a href="/wiki/Iesi" class="mw-redirect" title="Iesi">Iesi</a> to take up a posting at Air Force HQ.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELee2003104–105-61">[61]</a> Lee took part in forward planning and liaison, in preparation for a potential assault into the rumoured German <a href="/wiki/Alpine_Fortress" title="Alpine Fortress">Alpine Fortress</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELee2003106-62">[62]</a> After the war ended, Lee was invited to go hunting near Vienna and was then billeted in <a href="/wiki/P%C3%B6rtschach_am_W%C3%B6rthersee" title="Pörtschach am Wörthersee">Pörtschach am Wörthersee</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELee2003106–107-63">[63]</a> For the final few months of his service, Lee, who spoke fluent French, Italian and German, among other languages, was seconded to the <a href="/wiki/Central_Registry_of_War_Criminals_and_Security_Suspects" title="Central Registry of War Criminals and Security Suspects">Central Registry of War Criminals and Security Suspects</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELee2003107-64">[64]</a> Here, he was tasked with helping to track down Nazi war criminals.<a href="#cite_note-timesinterview-65">[65]</a> Of his time with the organisation, Lee said: "We were given dossiers of what they'd done and told to find them, interrogate them as much as we could and hand them over to the appropriate authority".<a href="#cite_note-timesinterview-65">[65]</a> He completed his service with the RAF in 1946 with the rank of flight lieutenant.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELee2003107-64">[64]</a> Lee said that during the war he was attached to special forces, but declined to give details.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELee200399-66">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-telegraphinterview-67">[67]</a> Lee's stepfather served as a captain in the <a href="/wiki/Intelligence_Corps_(United_Kingdom)" title="Intelligence Corps (United Kingdom)">Intelligence Corps</a>, but it is unlikely he had any influence over Lee's military career. Lee saw his stepfather for the last time on a bus in London in 1940, after he was divorced from Lee's mother, and Lee did not speak to him.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELee200361-68">[68]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Christopher_Lee&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Career">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1947–1957:_Career_beginnings">1947–1957: Career beginnings</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Christopher_Lee&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 1947–1957: Career beginnings">edit</a>]</div> Returning to London in 1946, Lee was offered his old job back at Beecham's with a significant raise, but he turned them down as "I couldn't think myself back into the office frame of mind." The Armed Forces were sending veterans with an education in the Classics to teach at universities, but Lee felt his Latin was too rusty and didn't care for the strict curfews.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELee2003109-69">[69]</a> During lunch with his cousin <a href="/wiki/Nicol%C3%B2_Carandini" title="Nicolò Carandini">Nicolò Carandini</a>, now the Italian Ambassador to Britain, Lee was detailing his war wounds when Carandini said, "Why don't you become an actor, Christopher?"<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELee2003110-70">[70]</a> Lee liked the idea, and after assuaging his mother's protests by pointing to the successful Carandini performers in Australia (which included his great-grandmother <a href="/wiki/Marie_Carandini" title="Marie Carandini">Marie Carandini</a>, who had been an opera singer), he met Nicolò's friend <a href="/wiki/Filippo_Del_Giudice" title="Filippo Del Giudice">Filippo Del Giudice</a>, a lawyer-turned-film producer and head of <a href="/wiki/Two_Cities_Films" title="Two Cities Films">Two Cities Films</a>, part of the <a href="/wiki/Rank_Organisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Rank Organisation">Rank Organisation</a>. Lee recalled that Giudice "looked me up and down" and "concluded that I was just what the industry had been looking for." He was sent to see <a href="/wiki/Josef_Somlo" title="Josef Somlo">Josef Somlo</a> for a contract:<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELee2003111-71">[71]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">Initially, I was told [by Somlo] I was too tall to be an actor. That's a quite fatuous remark to make. It's like saying you're too short to play the piano. I thought, "Right, I'll show you..." At the beginning I didn't know anything about the technique of working in front of a camera, but during those 10 years, I did the one thing that's so vitally important today – I watched, I listened and I learned. So when the time came I was ready... Oddly enough, to play a character who said nothing [The Creature in <a href="/wiki/The_Curse_of_Frankenstein" title="The Curse of Frankenstein">The Curse of Frankenstein</a>].<a href="#cite_note-TFInterview-72">[72]</a></blockquote> Somlo sent him to see Rank's <a href="/wiki/David_Henley_(producer)" title="David Henley (producer)">David Henley</a> and Olive Dodds, who signed him on a seven-year contract.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELee2003111-71">[71]</a> Like other students at Rank's "<a href="/wiki/The_Company_of_Youth" title="The Company of Youth">Charm School</a>," Lee had difficulty finding work.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELee2003112-73">[73]</a> He finally made his film début in 1948, in <a href="/wiki/Terence_Young_(director)" title="Terence Young (director)">Terence Young</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Gothic_romance" class="mw-redirect" title="Gothic romance">Gothic romance</a> <a href="/wiki/Corridor_of_Mirrors_(film)" title="Corridor of Mirrors (film)">Corridor of Mirrors</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Yahoo-74">[74]</a> He played Charles; the director got around his height by placing him at a table in a nightclub alongside <a href="/wiki/Lois_Maxwell" title="Lois Maxwell">Lois Maxwell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mavis_Villiers" title="Mavis Villiers">Mavis Villiers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Latimer_(actor)" title="Hugh Latimer (actor)">Hugh Latimer</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_Penrose_(actor)" title="John Penrose (actor)">John Penrose</a>. Lee had a single line, "a satirical shaft meant to qualify the lead's bravura."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELee2003112-73">[73]</a> In this early period, he made an uncredited appearance in <a href="/wiki/Laurence_Olivier" title="Laurence Olivier">Laurence Olivier</a>'s film version of <a href="/wiki/Hamlet_(1948_film)" title="Hamlet (1948 film)">Hamlet</a> (1948), as a <a href="/wiki/Spear_carrier" title="Spear carrier">spear carrier</a> (his later co-star and close friend <a href="/wiki/Peter_Cushing" title="Peter Cushing">Peter Cushing</a> played <a href="/wiki/Characters_in_Hamlet#Osric" title="Characters in Hamlet">Osric</a>). A few years later, he appeared in <a href="/wiki/Captain_Horatio_Hornblower_R.N." class="mw-redirect" title="Captain Horatio Hornblower R.N.">Captain Horatio Hornblower R.N.</a> (1951) as a Spanish captain. He was cast when the director asked him if he could speak Spanish and <a href="/wiki/Swordsmanship" title="Swordsmanship">fence</a>, which he was able to do.<a href="#cite_note-aprolific-75">[75]</a> Lee appeared uncredited in the American epic <a href="/wiki/Quo_Vadis_(1951_film)" title="Quo Vadis (1951 film)">Quo Vadis</a> (1951), which was shot in Rome, playing a chariot driver and was injured when he was thrown from it at one point during the shoot.<a href="#cite_note-TFInterview-72">[72]</a> He recalled that his breakthrough came in 1952, when <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Fairbanks,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Douglas Fairbanks, Jr.">Douglas Fairbanks, Jr.</a> began making films at the <a href="/wiki/British_National_Studios" class="mw-redirect" title="British National Studios">British National Studios</a>. He said in 2006, "I was cast in various roles in 16 of them and even appeared with <a href="/wiki/Buster_Keaton" title="Buster Keaton">Buster Keaton</a> and it proved an excellent training ground."<a href="#cite_note-aprolific-75">[75]</a> The same year, he appeared in <a href="/wiki/John_Huston" title="John Huston">John Huston</a>'s Oscar-nominated <a href="/wiki/Moulin_Rouge_(1952_film)" title="Moulin Rouge (1952 film)">Moulin Rouge</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Yahoo-74">[74]</a> Throughout the next decade, <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Lee_filmography" title="Christopher Lee filmography">he made nearly 30 films</a>, including <a href="/wiki/The_Cockleshell_Heroes" title="The Cockleshell Heroes">The Cockleshell Heroes</a>, playing mostly stock action characters.<a href="#cite_note-AllMovie_Filmography-76">[76]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1957–1976:_Work_with_Hammer">1957–1976: Work with Hammer</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Christopher_Lee&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 1957–1976: Work with Hammer">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dracula_1958_c.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Dracula_1958_c.jpg/310px-Dracula_1958_c.jpg" decoding="async" width="310" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Dracula_1958_c.jpg/465px-Dracula_1958_c.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Dracula_1958_c.jpg/620px-Dracula_1958_c.jpg 2x" data-file-width="866" data-file-height="473" /></a><figcaption>Lee as the title character in <a href="/wiki/Dracula_(1958_film)" title="Dracula (1958 film)">Dracula</a> (1958). Lee fixed the image of the fanged <a href="/wiki/Vampire" title="Vampire">vampire</a> in popular culture.<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a></figcaption></figure> Lee's first film for <a href="/wiki/Hammer_Film_Productions" title="Hammer Film Productions">Hammer</a> was The Curse of Frankenstein (1957), in which he played <a href="/wiki/Frankenstein%27s_monster" title="Frankenstein's monster">Frankenstein's monster</a>, with Peter Cushing as <a href="/wiki/Victor_Frankenstein" title="Victor Frankenstein">Baron Victor Frankenstein</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Yahoo-74">[74]</a> It was the first film to co-star Lee and Cushing, who ultimately appeared together in over twenty films and became close friends.<a href="#cite_note-TFInterview-72">[72]</a><a href="#cite_note-AllMovie_Filmography-76">[76]</a> When he arrived at a casting session for the film, "they asked me if I wanted the part, I said yes and that was that."<a href="#cite_note-aprolific-75">[75]</a> A little later, Lee co-starred with <a href="/wiki/Boris_Karloff" title="Boris Karloff">Boris Karloff</a> in the film <a href="/wiki/Corridors_of_Blood" title="Corridors of Blood">Corridors of Blood</a> (1958). Lee had previously appeared with Karloff in 1955 in the "At Night, All Cats are Grey" episode of the British television series <a href="/wiki/Colonel_March_of_Scotland_Yard" title="Colonel March of Scotland Yard">Colonel March of Scotland Yard</a>.<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> Karloff and Lee were London neighbours for a time in the mid-1960s.<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatleft" style="width:30%; ;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> Lee's Dracula is a force of nature: red-eyed, blood dripping from fangs, often in the grip of rage. He's hypnotic, physically powerful, well-spoken, but Lee also understood – crucially – that an important layer from Bram Stoker's novel had been missing from Lugosi's performance: sexuality. Lee's Dracula is a rampant sex fiend, using that stare to make buxom ladies everywhere come over a little faint. </blockquote> <div style="padding-bottom: 0; padding-top: 0.5em"><cite class="left-aligned" style="">— <a href="/wiki/Empire_(magazine)" title="Empire (magazine)">Empire</a> magazine's entry for Lee's portrayal of Dracula as the 7th Greatest Horror Movie Character of All Time.<a href="#cite_note-Lee_Empire-80">[80]</a></cite></div> </div> Lee's own appearance as Frankenstein's monster led to his first appearance as the <a href="/wiki/Transylvania" title="Transylvania">Transylvanian</a> vampire <a href="/wiki/Count_Dracula" title="Count Dracula">Count Dracula</a> in the film <a href="/wiki/Dracula_(1958_film)" title="Dracula (1958 film)">Dracula</a> (1958, known as Horror of Dracula in the US).<a href="#cite_note-Yahoo-74">[74]</a> The film saw Lee's "triumphant debut" fix the image of the fanged vampire in popular culture, according to writer <a href="/wiki/Kevin_Jackson_(writer)" title="Kevin Jackson (writer)">Kevin Jackson</a>.<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> Dracula has been ranked among the best <a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Cinema of the United Kingdom">British films</a>.<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> Lee introduced a dark, brooding sexuality to the character, with <a href="/wiki/Tim_Stanley" title="Tim Stanley">Tim Stanley</a> stating, "Lee's sensuality was subversive in that it hinted that women might quite like having their neck chewed on by a stud."<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a> The film magazine Empire ranked Lee's portrayal as Dracula the 7th Greatest Horror Movie Character of All Time.<a href="#cite_note-Lee_Empire-80">[80]</a> <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a> listed the performance third in their top 10 British villains, noting his "chilling, sonorous tone."<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> Lee accepted a similar role in an Italian-French horror picture called <a href="/wiki/Uncle_Was_a_Vampire" title="Uncle Was a Vampire">Uncle Was a Vampire</a> (1959). The same year he starred as <a href="/wiki/Kharis" title="Kharis">Kharis</a> in the Hammer Horror film <a href="/wiki/The_Mummy_(1959_film)" title="The Mummy (1959 film)">The Mummy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Mummy_(1959)_trailer_-_Christopher_Lee_face_2.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/The_Mummy_%281959%29_trailer_-_Christopher_Lee_face_2.png/310px-The_Mummy_%281959%29_trailer_-_Christopher_Lee_face_2.png" decoding="async" width="310" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/The_Mummy_%281959%29_trailer_-_Christopher_Lee_face_2.png/465px-The_Mummy_%281959%29_trailer_-_Christopher_Lee_face_2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/The_Mummy_%281959%29_trailer_-_Christopher_Lee_face_2.png/620px-The_Mummy_%281959%29_trailer_-_Christopher_Lee_face_2.png 2x" data-file-width="1694" data-file-height="968" /></a><figcaption>Lee as <a href="/wiki/Kharis" title="Kharis">Kharis</a> in <a href="/wiki/The_Mummy_(1959_film)" title="The Mummy (1959 film)">The Mummy</a> (1959)</figcaption></figure> Lee returned to the role of Dracula in Hammer's <a href="/wiki/Dracula:_Prince_of_Darkness" title="Dracula: Prince of Darkness">Dracula: Prince of Darkness</a> (1965).<a href="#cite_note-Yahoo-74">[74]</a> Lee's role has no lines, he merely hisses his way through the film. Stories vary as to the reason for this: Lee states he refused to speak the poor dialogue he was given, but screenwriter <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Sangster" title="Jimmy Sangster">Jimmy Sangster</a> claims that the script did not contain any lines for the character. This film set the standard for most of the Dracula sequels in the sense that half the film's running time was spent on telling the story of Dracula's resurrection and the character's appearances were brief. Lee went on record to state that he was virtually "blackmailed" by Hammer into starring in the subsequent films; unable or unwilling to pay him his going rate, they would resort to reminding him of how many people he would put out of work if he did not take part:<a href="#cite_note-landisbook-86">[86]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">The process went like this: The telephone would ring and my agent would say, "<a href="/wiki/James_Carreras" title="James Carreras">Jimmy Carreras</a> [President of Hammer Films] has been on the phone, they've got another Dracula for you." And I would say, "Forget it! I don't want to do another one." I'd get a call from Jimmy Carreras, in a state of hysteria. "What's all this about?!" "Jim, I don't want to do it, and I don't have to do it." "No, you have to do it!" And I said, "Why?" He replied, "Because I've already sold it to the American distributor with you playing the part. Think of all the people you know so well, that you will put out of work!" Emotional blackmail. That's the only reason I did them.<a href="#cite_note-landisbook-86">[86]</a></blockquote> His roles in the films <a href="/wiki/Dracula_Has_Risen_from_the_Grave" title="Dracula Has Risen from the Grave">Dracula Has Risen from the Grave</a> (1968), <a href="/wiki/Taste_the_Blood_of_Dracula" title="Taste the Blood of Dracula">Taste the Blood of Dracula</a> (1969), and <a href="/wiki/Scars_of_Dracula" title="Scars of Dracula">Scars of Dracula</a> (1970) all gave the Count very little to do. Lee said in an interview in 2005, "all they do is write a story and try and fit the character in somewhere, which is very clear when you see the films. They gave me nothing to do! I pleaded with Hammer to let me use some of the lines that <a href="/wiki/Bram_Stoker" title="Bram Stoker">Bram Stoker</a> had written. Occasionally, I sneaked one in."<a href="#cite_note-TFInterview-72">[72]</a> He starred in two further Dracula films for Hammer in the early 1970s, both of which attempted to bring the character into the modern-day era. These were not commercially successful: <a href="/wiki/Dracula_A.D._1972" title="Dracula A.D. 1972">Dracula A.D. 1972</a> (1972) and <a href="/wiki/The_Satanic_Rites_of_Dracula" title="The Satanic Rites of Dracula">The Satanic Rites of Dracula</a> (1973). The latter film was tentatively titled Dracula Is Dead... and Well and Living in London, a parody of the stage and film musical revue <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Brel_Is_Alive_and_Well_and_Living_in_Paris" class="mw-redirect" title="Jacques Brel Is Alive and Well and Living in Paris">Jacques Brel Is Alive and Well and Living in Paris</a>, but Lee was not amused. Speaking at a press conference in 1973 to announce the film, Lee said, "I'm doing it under protest. I think it is fatuous. I can think of twenty adjectives – fatuous, pointless, absurd. It's not a comedy, but it's got a comic title. I don't see the point."<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> The Satanic Rites of Dracula was the last Dracula film in which Lee played the Dracula role, as he felt he had played the part too many times and that the films had deteriorated in quality.<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> In all, Lee played Dracula ten times: seven films for Hammer Productions, once for <a href="/wiki/Jes%C3%BAs_Franco" title="Jesús Franco">Jesús Franco</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Count_Dracula_(1970_film)" title="Count Dracula (1970 film)">Count Dracula</a> (1970), uncredited in <a href="/wiki/Jerry_Lewis" title="Jerry Lewis">Jerry Lewis</a>'s <a href="/wiki/One_More_Time_(1970_film)" title="One More Time (1970 film)">One More Time</a> (1970) and <a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Molinaro" title="Édouard Molinaro">Édouard Molinaro</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Dracula_and_Son" title="Dracula and Son">Dracula and Son</a> (1976) (he also played an unnamed but Dracula-like vampire in <a href="/wiki/The_Magic_Christian_(film)" title="The Magic Christian (film)">The Magic Christian</a> [1969]). Lee portrayed Rasputin in <a href="/wiki/Rasputin,_the_Mad_Monk" class="mw-redirect" title="Rasputin, the Mad Monk">Rasputin, the Mad Monk</a> (1966) and Sir Henry Baskerville (to Cushing's <a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes" title="Sherlock Holmes">Sherlock Holmes</a>) in <a href="/wiki/The_Hound_of_the_Baskervilles_(1959_film)" title="The Hound of the Baskervilles (1959 film)">The Hound of the Baskervilles</a> (1959). Lee later played Holmes himself in 1962's <a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_and_the_Deadly_Necklace" title="Sherlock Holmes and the Deadly Necklace">Sherlock Holmes and the Deadly Necklace</a>, and returned to Holmes films with <a href="/wiki/Billy_Wilder" title="Billy Wilder">Billy Wilder</a>'s British-made <a href="/wiki/The_Private_Life_of_Sherlock_Holmes" title="The Private Life of Sherlock Holmes">The Private Life of Sherlock Holmes</a> (1970), in which he plays Sherlock's smarter brother, <a href="/wiki/Mycroft_Holmes" title="Mycroft Holmes">Mycroft</a>. Lee considers this film to be the reason he stopped being typecast: "I've never been typecast since. Sure, I've played plenty of heavies, but as <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Hopkins" title="Anthony Hopkins">Anthony Hopkins</a> says, "I don't play villains, I play people.""<a href="#cite_note-TFInterview-72">[72]</a> Lee played a leading role in the German film <a href="/wiki/The_Puzzle_of_the_Red_Orchid" title="The Puzzle of the Red Orchid">The Puzzle of the Red Orchid</a> (1962), speaking German, which he had learned during his education in Switzerland. He auditioned for a part in the film <a href="/wiki/The_Longest_Day_(film)" title="The Longest Day (film)">The Longest Day</a> (1962), but was turned down because he did not "look like a military man." Some film books incorrectly credit him with a role in the film, something he had to correct for the rest of his life.<a href="#cite_note-guardianinterview-89">[89]</a> Lee's friend the author <a href="/wiki/Dennis_Wheatley" title="Dennis Wheatley">Dennis Wheatley</a> was responsible for bringing the <a href="/wiki/Occult" title="Occult">occult</a> to him.<a href="#cite_note-auto-90">[90]</a> The company made two films from Wheatley's novels, both starring Lee. The New York Times described Lee's performance in the first, <a href="/wiki/The_Devil_Rides_Out_(film)" title="The Devil Rides Out (film)">The Devil Rides Out</a> (1967), as "suave dignity".<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> However, the second film, <a href="/wiki/To_the_Devil_a_Daughter" title="To the Devil a Daughter">To the Devil a Daughter</a> (1976), was troubled by production difficulties and was disowned by its author. Although financially successful, it was Hammer's last horror film. Critic <a href="/wiki/Leonard_Maltin" title="Leonard Maltin">Leonard Maltin</a> described it as "well-made but lacking punch".<a href="#cite_note-maltin-92">[92]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Horror_express_gip.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Horror_express_gip.jpg/240px-Horror_express_gip.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Horror_express_gip.jpg/360px-Horror_express_gip.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Horror_express_gip.jpg/480px-Horror_express_gip.jpg 2x" data-file-width="876" data-file-height="686" /></a><figcaption>Lee and his close friend <a href="/wiki/Peter_Cushing" title="Peter Cushing">Peter Cushing</a> in <a href="/wiki/Horror_Express" title="Horror Express">Horror Express</a> (1972). They starred in twenty-two films together.<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a></figcaption></figure> Like Cushing, Lee also appeared in horror films for other companies from 1957 to 1977. These included the Dr. <a href="/wiki/Fu_Manchu" title="Fu Manchu">Fu Manchu</a> series of films made between 1965 and 1969 (beginning with <a href="/wiki/The_Face_of_Fu_Manchu" title="The Face of Fu Manchu">The Face of Fu Manchu</a>) in which he starred as the villain in <a href="/wiki/Portrayal_of_East_Asians_in_American_film_and_theater" title="Portrayal of East Asians in American film and theater">yellowface</a> make-up; <a href="/wiki/I,_Monster" title="I, Monster">I, Monster</a> (1971), an adaptation of <a href="/wiki/Robert_Louis_Stevenson" title="Robert Louis Stevenson">Robert Louis Stevenson</a>'s 1886 novella <a href="/wiki/Strange_Case_of_Dr_Jekyll_and_Mr_Hyde" title="Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde">Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde</a>, with the main characters' names changed to Dr. Charles Marlowe and Mr. Edward Blake; <a href="/wiki/The_Creeping_Flesh" title="The Creeping Flesh">The Creeping Flesh</a> (1972); and his personal favourite, which he considered his best film, <a href="/wiki/The_Wicker_Man" title="The Wicker Man">The Wicker Man</a> (1973), in which he played Lord Summerisle.<a href="#cite_note-Lindrea_2004-94">[94]</a><a href="#cite_note-TFInterview-72">[72]</a> Lee wanted to break free of his image as Dracula and take on more interesting acting roles. He met with screenwriter <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Shaffer_(writer)" title="Anthony Shaffer (writer)">Anthony Shaffer</a>, and they agreed to work together. Film director <a href="/wiki/Robin_Hardy_(film_director)" title="Robin Hardy (film director)">Robin Hardy</a> and <a href="/wiki/British_Lion_Films" title="British Lion Films">British Lion</a> head Peter Snell became involved in the project. Shaffer had a series of conversations with Hardy, and the two decided that it would be fun to make a horror film centring on "old religion," in sharp contrast to the popular Hammer films of the day.<a href="#cite_note-Burnt_Offerings_1-95">[95]</a> Shaffer read the David Pinner novel <a href="/wiki/Ritual_(1967_novel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ritual (1967 novel)">Ritual</a>, in which a devout Christian policeman is called to investigate what appears to be the ritual murder of a young girl in a rural village, and decided that it would serve well as the source material for the project. Shaffer and Lee paid Pinner £15,000 (equivalent to US$267,804 in 2023) for the rights to the novel, and Schaffer set to work on the screenplay. However, he soon decided that a direct adaptation would not work well, and began to craft a new story, using only the novel's basic outline.<a href="#cite_note-Burnt_Offerings_1-95">[95]</a><a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> Lee was so keen to get the film made, and the budget was so small, that he gave his services for free.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELee2003307-97">[97]</a> He later called the film the best he had ever made.<a href="#cite_note-TFInterview-72">[72]</a> Lee appeared as the on-screen narrator in <a href="/wiki/Jess_Franco" class="mw-redirect" title="Jess Franco">Jess Franco</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Eugenie%E2%80%A6_The_Story_of_Her_Journey_into_Perversion" title="Eugenie… The Story of Her Journey into Perversion">Eugenie</a> (1970) as a favour to producer <a href="/wiki/Harry_Alan_Towers" title="Harry Alan Towers">Harry Alan Towers</a>, unaware that it was <a href="/wiki/Softcore_pornography" title="Softcore pornography">softcore pornography</a>, as the sex scenes were shot separately. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">I had no idea that was what it was when I agreed to the role. I was told it was about the Marquis de Sade. I flew out to Spain for one day's work playing the part of a narrator. I had to wear a crimson dinner jacket. There were lots of people behind me. They all had their clothes on. There didn't seem to be anything peculiar or strange. A friend said: 'Do you know you are in a film in <a href="/wiki/Old_Compton_Street" title="Old Compton Street">Old Compton Street</a>?' In those days that was where the mackintosh brigade watched <a href="/wiki/Adult_movie_theater" title="Adult movie theater">their films</a>. 'Very funny,' I said. So I crept along there heavily disguised in dark glasses and scarf, and found the cinema and there was my name. I was furious! There was a huge row. When I had left Spain that day everyone behind me had taken their clothes off!<a href="#cite_note-telegraphinterview-67">[67]</a></blockquote> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Wicker_Man_(1973)_US_trailer_-_Christopher_Lee_1.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/The_Wicker_Man_%281973%29_US_trailer_-_Christopher_Lee_1.png/280px-The_Wicker_Man_%281973%29_US_trailer_-_Christopher_Lee_1.png" decoding="async" width="280" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/The_Wicker_Man_%281973%29_US_trailer_-_Christopher_Lee_1.png/420px-The_Wicker_Man_%281973%29_US_trailer_-_Christopher_Lee_1.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/The_Wicker_Man_%281973%29_US_trailer_-_Christopher_Lee_1.png/560px-The_Wicker_Man_%281973%29_US_trailer_-_Christopher_Lee_1.png 2x" data-file-width="1912" data-file-height="1032" /></a><figcaption>Breaking free from the Dracula image:<a href="#cite_note-Burnt_Offerings_1-95">[95]</a> Lee as Lord Summerisle in <a href="/wiki/The_Wicker_Man" title="The Wicker Man">The Wicker Man</a> (1973)</figcaption></figure> In addition to making films in the United Kingdom, Lee made films in mainland Europe: he appeared in two German films, Count Dracula (1970), where he again played the vampire count, and <a href="/wiki/The_Blood_Demon" title="The Blood Demon">The Torture Chamber of Dr. Sadism</a> (1967). Other films in Europe he made include <a href="/wiki/Castle_of_the_Living_Dead" title="Castle of the Living Dead">Castle of the Living Dead</a> (1964) and <a href="/wiki/Horror_Express" title="Horror Express">Horror Express</a> (1972). Lee was a producer of the horror film <a href="/wiki/Nothing_But_the_Night" class="mw-redirect" title="Nothing But the Night">Nothing But the Night</a> (1972), in which he starred. It was the first and last film he produced, as he did not enjoy the process.<a href="#cite_note-guardianinterview-89">[89]</a> Lee appeared as the <a href="/wiki/Comte_de_Rochefort" title="Comte de Rochefort">Comte de Rochefort</a> in <a href="/wiki/Richard_Lester" title="Richard Lester">Richard Lester</a>'s <a href="/wiki/The_Three_Musketeers_(1973_live-action_film)" title="The Three Musketeers (1973 live-action film)">The Three Musketeers</a> (1973). He injured his left knee during filming, something he still felt many years later.<a href="#cite_note-TFInterview-72">[72]</a> After the mid-1970s, Lee eschewed horror roles almost entirely. Ian Fleming, author of the James Bond spy novels and Lee's step-cousin, had offered him the role of the <a href="/wiki/Julius_No" title="Julius No">titular antagonist</a> in the first Eon-produced Bond film <a href="/wiki/Dr._No_(film)" title="Dr. No (film)">Dr. No</a> (1962). Lee enthusiastically accepted, but by the time Fleming told the producers, they had already chosen <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Wiseman" title="Joseph Wiseman">Joseph Wiseman</a> for the role.<a href="#cite_note-TFInterview-72">[72]</a> Lee finally got to play a <a href="/wiki/James_Bond_(film_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="James Bond (film series)">James Bond</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_James_Bond_villains" title="List of James Bond villains">villain</a> in <a href="/wiki/The_Man_with_the_Golden_Gun_(film)" title="The Man with the Golden Gun (film)">The Man with the Golden Gun</a> (1974), in which he was cast as the assassin <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Scaramanga" title="Francisco Scaramanga">Francisco Scaramanga</a>. Lee said of his performance, "In Fleming's novel he's just a West Indian thug, but in the film he's charming, elegant, amusing, lethal... I played him like the dark side of Bond."<a href="#cite_note-TFInterview-72">[72]</a> Because of his filming schedule in <a href="/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok">Bangkok</a>, film director <a href="/wiki/Ken_Russell" title="Ken Russell">Ken Russell</a> was unable to sign Lee to play the Specialist in <a href="/wiki/Tommy_(1975_film)" title="Tommy (1975 film)">Tommy</a> (1975). That role was eventually given to <a href="/wiki/Jack_Nicholson" title="Jack Nicholson">Jack Nicholson</a>. In an AMC documentary on <a href="/wiki/Halloween_(1978_film)" title="Halloween (1978 film)">Halloween</a> (1978), <a href="/wiki/John_Carpenter" title="John Carpenter">John Carpenter</a> states that he offered the role of <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Loomis" title="Samuel Loomis">Samuel Loomis</a> to Peter Cushing and Christopher Lee, before <a href="/wiki/Donald_Pleasence" title="Donald Pleasence">Donald Pleasence</a> took the role. Years later, Lee told Carpenter that the biggest regret of his career was not taking the role of Dr. Loomis.<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1977–1999:_Move_to_Hollywood">1977–1999: Move to Hollywood</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Christopher_Lee&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 1977–1999: Move to Hollywood">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Christopher_Lee_%C3%A0_Aubagne_(13)_pendant_le_Festival_des_Passions_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Christopher_Lee_%C3%A0_Aubagne_%2813%29_pendant_le_Festival_des_Passions_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Christopher_Lee_%C3%A0_Aubagne_%2813%29_pendant_le_Festival_des_Passions_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="306" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Christopher_Lee_%C3%A0_Aubagne_%2813%29_pendant_le_Festival_des_Passions_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Christopher_Lee_%C3%A0_Aubagne_%2813%29_pendant_le_Festival_des_Passions_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Christopher_Lee_%C3%A0_Aubagne_%2813%29_pendant_le_Festival_des_Passions_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Christopher_Lee_%C3%A0_Aubagne_%2813%29_pendant_le_Festival_des_Passions_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1709" data-file-height="2376" /></a><figcaption>Christopher Lee at Festival des Passions in <a href="/wiki/Aubagne" title="Aubagne">Aubagne</a>, France, in September 1996</figcaption></figure> In 1977, Lee left the UK for the US, concerned at being typecast in horror films, as had happened to his close friends Peter Cushing and <a href="/wiki/Vincent_Price" title="Vincent Price">Vincent Price</a>.<a href="#cite_note-telegraphinterview-67">[67]</a> His first American appearance was in the disaster film <a href="/wiki/Airport_%2777" title="Airport '77">Airport '77</a> (1977). In 1978, Lee surprised many people with his willingness to go along with a joke, appearing as guest host on NBC's <a href="/wiki/Saturday_Night_Live" title="Saturday Night Live">Saturday Night Live</a>.<a href="#cite_note-TFInterview-72">[72]</a> <a href="/wiki/Steven_Spielberg" title="Steven Spielberg">Steven Spielberg</a>, who was in the audience for that show, cast him in <a href="/wiki/1941_(film)" title="1941 (film)">1941</a> (1979).<a href="#cite_note-TFInterview-72">[72]</a> Meanwhile, Lee co-starred with <a href="/wiki/Bette_Davis" title="Bette Davis">Bette Davis</a> in the Disney film <a href="/wiki/Return_from_Witch_Mountain" title="Return from Witch Mountain">Return from Witch Mountain</a> (1978).<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> He turned down the role of Dr. Barry Rumack (finally played by <a href="/wiki/Leslie_Nielsen" title="Leslie Nielsen">Leslie Nielsen</a>) in the disaster spoof <a href="/wiki/Airplane!" title="Airplane!">Airplane!</a> (1980), a decision he later called "a big mistake."<a href="#cite_note-TFInterview-72">[72]</a> Lee played the <a href="/wiki/Mad_scientist" title="Mad scientist">mad scientist</a> Dr. Catheter in <a href="/wiki/Gremlins_2:_The_New_Batch" title="Gremlins 2: The New Batch">Gremlins 2: The New Batch</a> (1990). In a nod to his role as Dracula in Hammer Films, as the Bat Gremlin transforms, Dr. Catheter experiences deja-vu – the audience hears Dracula music.<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a> Lee made his last appearances as Sherlock Holmes in the television films <a href="/wiki/Incident_at_Victoria_Falls" title="Incident at Victoria Falls">Incident at Victoria Falls</a> (1991) and <a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_and_the_Leading_Lady" title="Sherlock Holmes and the Leading Lady">Sherlock Holmes and the Leading Lady</a> (1992).<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> Lee and Peter Cushing appeared together in more than a dozen feature films together for Hammer Films, <a href="/wiki/Amicus_Productions" title="Amicus Productions">Amicus Productions</a>, and other companies, as well as in Hamlet (1948) and Moulin Rouge (1952), albeit in separate scenes. They featured, too, in separate instalments of the <a href="/wiki/Star_Wars" title="Star Wars">Star Wars</a> films: Cushing as <a href="/wiki/Grand_Moff_Tarkin" title="Grand Moff Tarkin">Grand Moff Tarkin</a> in the original film, and Lee decades later as <a href="/wiki/Count_Dooku" title="Count Dooku">Count Dooku</a>. The last project which united them in person was a documentary, Flesh and Blood: The Hammer Heritage of Horror (1994), which they jointly narrated, two months before Cushing's death.<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> Lee considered his best performance to be in this period, when he played Pakistan's founder <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ali_Jinnah" title="Muhammad Ali Jinnah">Muhammad Ali Jinnah</a> in the biopic <a href="/wiki/Jinnah_(film)" title="Jinnah (film)">Jinnah</a> (1998).<a href="#cite_note-TFInterview-72">[72]</a><a href="#cite_note-Lindrea_2004-94">[94]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2000–2009:_Resurgence_in_franchise_films">2000–2009: Resurgence in franchise films</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Christopher_Lee&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 2000–2009: Resurgence in franchise films">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ChristopherLeeSaruman2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/ChristopherLeeSaruman2.jpg/170px-ChristopherLeeSaruman2.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="196" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/ChristopherLeeSaruman2.jpg/255px-ChristopherLeeSaruman2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/ChristopherLeeSaruman2.jpg/340px-ChristopherLeeSaruman2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="432" data-file-height="498" /></a><figcaption>Lee at <a href="/wiki/Forbidden_Planet_(bookstore)" class="mw-redirect" title="Forbidden Planet (bookstore)">Forbidden Planet</a>, New Oxford Street, London, signing The Two Towers</figcaption></figure> Lee had many television roles. These included the role Flay in the <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> television miniseries <a href="/wiki/Gormenghast_(TV_serial)" title="Gormenghast (TV serial)">Gormenghast</a> (2000) based on <a href="/wiki/Mervyn_Peake" title="Mervyn Peake">Mervyn Peake</a>'s novels. He also appeared as Lucas de Beaumanoir, the Grand Master of the <a href="/wiki/Knights_Templar" title="Knights Templar">Knights Templar</a>, in the BBC/<a href="/wiki/A%26E_Network" class="mw-redirect" title="A&E Network">A&E</a> co-production of Sir <a href="/wiki/Walter_Scott" title="Walter Scott">Walter Scott</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Ivanhoe" title="Ivanhoe">Ivanhoe</a> (1997).<a href="#cite_note-BBC_Notts_2001-103">[103]</a> Lee portrayed <a href="/wiki/Saruman" title="Saruman">Saruman</a> in <a href="/wiki/Peter_Jackson" title="Peter Jackson">Peter Jackson</a>'s fantasy action epic <a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings_(film_series)" title="The Lord of the Rings (film series)">The Lord of the Rings film trilogy</a>. In the commentary, he stated that he had for decades dreamt of playing <a href="/wiki/Gandalf" title="Gandalf">Gandalf</a>. He conceded that he was now too old, and that his physical limitations prevented him from being considered; <a href="/wiki/Ian_McKellen" title="Ian McKellen">Ian McKellen</a>, who was in his early-60s, was cast in the role alongside Lee, in his mid-70s. The role of Saruman, unlike that of Gandalf, required no horse riding and far less fighting. Lee had met <a href="/wiki/J._R._R._Tolkien" title="J. R. R. Tolkien">J. R. R. Tolkien</a> once, which made him the only person involved in Peter Jackson's films to have done so.<a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a> He made a habit of reading <a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="The Lord of the Rings">the novels</a> at least once a year.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELee2003274-105">[105]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELee2003337-106">[106]</a><a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a> In addition, he performed for <a href="/wiki/The_Tolkien_Ensemble" title="The Tolkien Ensemble">The Tolkien Ensemble</a>'s album <a href="/wiki/At_Dawn_in_Rivendell" title="At Dawn in Rivendell">At Dawn in Rivendell</a> in 2003.<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a> Lee's appearance in the final film in the trilogy, <a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Return_of_the_King" title="The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King">The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King</a>, was cut from the theatrical release, but the scene was reinstated in the extended edition.<a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a> The Lord of the Rings marked the beginning of a major career revival that continued with the role of the villainous Count Dooku in the <a href="/wiki/George_Lucas" title="George Lucas">George Lucas</a> directed <a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_Episode_II_%E2%80%93_Attack_of_the_Clones" title="Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones">Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones</a> (2002) and <a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_Episode_III_%E2%80%93_Revenge_of_the_Sith" title="Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith">Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith</a> (2005). Lee acted opposite <a href="/wiki/Hayden_Christensen" title="Hayden Christensen">Hayden Christensen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ewan_McGregor" title="Ewan McGregor">Ewan McGregor</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Natalie_Portman" title="Natalie Portman">Natalie Portman</a> and did most of the swordplay himself, though a stunt double was required for the long shots with more vigorous footwork.<a href="#cite_note-TFInterview-72">[72]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Christopher_Lee_as_Saruman_LOTR.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/aa/Christopher_Lee_as_Saruman_LOTR.jpg/220px-Christopher_Lee_as_Saruman_LOTR.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/a/aa/Christopher_Lee_as_Saruman_LOTR.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="225" /></a><figcaption>Lee played the corrupted wizard <a href="/wiki/Saruman" title="Saruman">Saruman</a> in <a href="/wiki/Peter_Jackson" title="Peter Jackson">Peter Jackson</a>'s <a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings_(film_series)" title="The Lord of the Rings (film series)">The Lord of the Rings</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Hobbit_(film_series)" title="The Hobbit (film series)">The Hobbit</a> film trilogies. The role has been described as "one of the most powerful villains in cinema history", relying on Lee's "physical appearance", in contrast to the Dark Lord Sauron.<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a></figcaption></figure> In 2005, Lee played <a href="/wiki/List_of_Charlie_and_the_Chocolate_Factory_characters#Dr._Wilbur_Wonka" title="List of Charlie and the Chocolate Factory characters">Dr. Wonka</a>, father of <a href="/wiki/Willy_Wonka" title="Willy Wonka">Willy Wonka</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Tim_Burton" title="Tim Burton">Tim Burton</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Charlie_and_the_Chocolate_Factory_(film)" title="Charlie and the Chocolate Factory (film)">film adaptation</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Roald_Dahl" title="Roald Dahl">Roald Dahl</a> children's classic <a href="/wiki/Charlie_and_the_Chocolate_Factory" title="Charlie and the Chocolate Factory">Charlie and the Chocolate Factory</a>.<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a> He also voiced Pastor Galswells in the animated film <a href="/wiki/Corpse_Bride" title="Corpse Bride">Corpse Bride</a>. In 2007, Lee collaborated with Burton again on <a href="/wiki/Sweeney_Todd:_The_Demon_Barber_of_Fleet_Street_(2007_film)" title="Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street (2007 film)">Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street</a>, playing the spirit of Sweeney Todd's victims, called the Gentleman Ghost, alongside <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Head" title="Anthony Head">Anthony Head</a>, with both singing "The Ballad of Sweeney Todd," its reprises and the Epilogue. These songs were recorded, but eventually cut since Burton felt that the songs were too theatrical for the film. Lee's appearance was completely cut from the film, but Head still had an uncredited one-line cameo.<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a> Also in 2007 he played the First High Councillor in <a href="/wiki/The_Golden_Compass_(film)" title="The Golden Compass (film)">The Golden Compass</a>. In late November 2009, Lee narrated the Science Fiction Festival in <a href="/wiki/Trieste" title="Trieste">Trieste</a>, Italy.<a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a> Also in 2009, Lee starred in <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Poliakoff" title="Stephen Poliakoff">Stephen Poliakoff</a>'s British period drama <a href="/wiki/Glorious_39" title="Glorious 39">Glorious 39</a>, <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Academy Award">Academy Award</a>-nominated director <a href="/wiki/Danis_Tanovi%C4%87" title="Danis Tanović">Danis Tanović</a>'s war film <a href="/wiki/Triage_(film)" title="Triage (film)">Triage</a>, and Duncan Ward's comedy <a href="/wiki/Boogie_Woogie_(film)" title="Boogie Woogie (film)">Boogie Woogie</a>.<a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a> During this time Lee provided voices for numerous films and video games.<a href="#cite_note-Behind_the_Voice_Actors-115">[115]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPohleHartBaldwin2017325–328-116">[116]</a> He spoke fluent English, Italian, French, Spanish, and German, and was moderately proficient in Swedish, Russian, and Greek.<a href="#cite_note-tiscali-117">[117]</a> He was the original voice of Thor in the German dubs of the Danish 1986 animated film <a href="/wiki/Valhalla_(1986_film)" title="Valhalla (1986 film)">Valhalla</a>, and of King Haggard in both the English and German dubs of the 1982 animated adaptation of <a href="/wiki/The_Last_Unicorn_(film)" title="The Last Unicorn (film)">The Last Unicorn</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Behind_the_Voice_Actors-115">[115]</a> He provided all the voices for the English dub of <a href="/wiki/Monsieur_Hulot%27s_Holiday" class="mw-redirect" title="Monsieur Hulot's Holiday">Monsieur Hulot's Holiday</a> (1953).<a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a> He voiced <a href="/wiki/Death_(Discworld)" title="Death (Discworld)">Death</a> in the animated versions of <a href="/wiki/Terry_Pratchett" title="Terry Pratchett">Terry Pratchett</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Soul_Music_(novel)" title="Soul Music (novel)">Soul Music</a><a href="#cite_note-Behind_the_Voice_Actors-115">[115]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wyrd_Sisters" title="Wyrd Sisters">Wyrd Sisters</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Behind_the_Voice_Actors-115">[115]</a> and reprised the role in the <a href="/wiki/Sky1" class="mw-redirect" title="Sky1">Sky1</a> live action adaptation <a href="/wiki/The_Colour_of_Magic_(TV_film)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Colour of Magic (TV film)">The Colour of Magic</a>, taking over from the late <a href="/wiki/Ian_Richardson" title="Ian Richardson">Ian Richardson</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Behind_the_Voice_Actors-115">[115]</a> He provided the voice for the role of <a href="/wiki/Ansem_the_Wise" class="mw-redirect" title="Ansem the Wise">Ansem the Wise</a>/<a href="/wiki/DiZ" class="mw-redirect" title="DiZ">DiZ</a> in video games including <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_Hearts_II" title="Kingdom Hearts II">Kingdom Hearts II</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Behind_the_Voice_Actors-115">[115]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Christopher_Lee_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Christopher_Lee_2.jpg/220px-Christopher_Lee_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Christopher_Lee_2.jpg/330px-Christopher_Lee_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Christopher_Lee_2.jpg/440px-Christopher_Lee_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1249" data-file-height="688" /></a><figcaption>Lee filming Marcus Warren's <a href="/wiki/The_Heavy_(film)" title="The Heavy (film)">The Heavy</a> in <a href="/wiki/Westminster" title="Westminster">Westminster</a>, London in 2007</figcaption></figure> Lee reprised his role as Saruman in the video game <a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Battle_for_Middle-earth" title="The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth">The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Behind_the_Voice_Actors-115">[115]</a> He narrated and sang for the Danish musical group The Tolkien Ensemble's 2003 studio album At Dawn in Rivendell, taking the role of <a href="/wiki/Treebeard" title="Treebeard">Treebeard</a>, <a href="/wiki/King_Th%C3%A9oden" class="mw-redirect" title="King Théoden">King Théoden</a> and others in the readings or singing of their respective poems or songs.<a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a> In 2007, he voiced the transcript of <a href="/wiki/The_Children_of_H%C3%BArin" title="The Children of Húrin">The Children of Húrin</a> by J. R. R. Tolkien for the audiobook version of the novel.<a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a> In 2005, Lee provided the voice of Pastor Galswells in <a href="/wiki/The_Corpse_Bride" class="mw-redirect" title="The Corpse Bride">The Corpse Bride</a>, co-directed by Tim Burton and <a href="/wiki/Mike_Johnson_(animator)" title="Mike Johnson (animator)">Mike Johnson</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Behind_the_Voice_Actors-115">[115]</a> He served as the narrator on <a href="/wiki/The_Nightmare_Before_Christmas" title="The Nightmare Before Christmas">The Nightmare Before Christmas</a> poem, also written by Tim Burton as well. Lee reprised his role as Count Dooku in the animated film <a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_The_Clone_Wars_(film)" title="Star Wars: The Clone Wars (film)">Star Wars: The Clone Wars</a> (2008).<a href="#cite_note-Behind_the_Voice_Actors-115">[115]</a> Some thirty years after playing Francisco Scaramanga in The Man with the Golden Gun, Lee provided the voice of Scaramanga in the video game <a href="/wiki/GoldenEye:_Rogue_Agent" title="GoldenEye: Rogue Agent">GoldenEye: Rogue Agent</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Behind_the_Voice_Actors-115">[115]</a><a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a> In 2013, Lee voiced The Earl of Earl's Court in the <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_4" title="BBC Radio 4">BBC Radio 4</a> radio play <a href="/wiki/Neverwhere_(radio_play)" title="Neverwhere (radio play)">Neverwhere</a> by <a href="/wiki/Neil_Gaiman" title="Neil Gaiman">Neil Gaiman</a>.<a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a> Lee recorded special dialogue, in addition to serving as the Narrator, for the <a href="/wiki/Lego_The_Hobbit_(video_game)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lego The Hobbit (video game)">Lego The Hobbit</a> video game released in April 2014; at 91 years and 316 days old he appears in the <a href="/wiki/Guinness_Book_of_Records" class="mw-redirect" title="Guinness Book of Records">Guinness Book of Records</a> as the oldest video game narrator.<a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2010–2015:_Later_roles">2010–2015: Later roles</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Christopher_Lee&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: 2010–2015: Later roles">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Christopher_Lee_(Berlinale_2012)_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Christopher_Lee_%28Berlinale_2012%29_2.jpg/220px-Christopher_Lee_%28Berlinale_2012%29_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Christopher_Lee_%28Berlinale_2012%29_2.jpg/330px-Christopher_Lee_%28Berlinale_2012%29_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Christopher_Lee_%28Berlinale_2012%29_2.jpg/440px-Christopher_Lee_%28Berlinale_2012%29_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="852" /></a><figcaption>Lee at the <a href="/wiki/Berlin_International_Film_Festival" title="Berlin International Film Festival">Berlin International Film Festival</a> in February 2012</figcaption></figure> In 2004, Lee lamented that Hollywood scripts were mainly spin-offs, as people were afraid of taking financial risks, commenting that he was mostly being offered spin-offs of Lord of the Rings or Star Wars.<a href="#cite_note-Lindrea_2004-94">[94]</a> In 2010, he marked his fourth collaboration with Tim Burton by voicing the <a href="/wiki/Jabberwock" class="mw-redirect" title="Jabberwock">Jabberwock</a> in Burton's <a href="/wiki/Alice_in_Wonderland_(2010_film)" title="Alice in Wonderland (2010 film)">adaptation</a> of <a href="/wiki/Lewis_Carroll" title="Lewis Carroll">Lewis Carroll</a>'s classic book <a href="/wiki/Alice_in_Wonderland" class="mw-redirect" title="Alice in Wonderland">Alice in Wonderland</a>, alongside <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Depp" title="Johnny Depp">Johnny Depp</a>, <a href="/wiki/Helena_Bonham_Carter" title="Helena Bonham Carter">Helena Bonham Carter</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anne_Hathaway" title="Anne Hathaway">Anne Hathaway</a>.<a href="#cite_note-AllMovie_Filmography-76">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-Behind_the_Voice_Actors-115">[115]</a> Lee respected Depp as "a fellow survivor",<a href="#cite_note-Walker_2006-124">[124]</a> describing him as "inventive and [having] enormous versatility".<a href="#cite_note-Walker_2006-124">[124]</a> In 2010, Lee received the <a href="/wiki/Steiger_Award" title="Steiger Award">Steiger Award</a> (Germany) and,<a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a> in February 2011, Lee was awarded the <a href="/wiki/BAFTA_Academy_Fellowship_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="BAFTA Academy Fellowship Award">BAFTA Fellowship</a>.<a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a> In 2011, he appeared in a Hammer film, <a href="/wiki/The_Resident_(film)" title="The Resident (film)">The Resident</a>, for the first time in 35 years. The film was directed by <a href="/wiki/Antti_Jokinen" title="Antti Jokinen">Antti Jokinen</a>, and Lee gave a "superbly sinister" performance alongside <a href="/wiki/Hilary_Swank" title="Hilary Swank">Hilary Swank</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Dean_Morgan" title="Jeffrey Dean Morgan">Jeffrey Dean Morgan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a><a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a> While filming scenes for the film in <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico">New Mexico</a> in early 2009, Lee injured his back when he tripped over power cables on set.<a href="#cite_note-timesinterview-65">[65]</a> Lee appears as the unnamed "Old Gentleman" who acts as Lachlan's mentor in a flashback.<a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a> Also in 2011, Lee appeared in the critically acclaimed <a href="/wiki/Hugo_(film)" title="Hugo (film)">Hugo</a>, directed by <a href="/wiki/Martin_Scorsese" title="Martin Scorsese">Martin Scorsese</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Trumbore_2011-130">[130]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1224211176"><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:30%; ;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> Christopher is truly a force to be reckoned with. Doing a scene with him and having him peering down at you, screaming into your face, all you can think of is 'My God, that's Dracula!' </blockquote> <div style="padding-bottom: 0; padding-top: 0.5em"><cite class="left-aligned" style="">Johnny Depp who worked with Lee in five Tim Burton films, from Sleepy Hollow in 1999 to Dark Shadows in 2012.<a href="#cite_note-LA_Times-131">[131]</a></cite></div> </div> Lee reprised the role of Saruman for the prequel film <a href="/wiki/The_Hobbit:_An_Unexpected_Journey" title="The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey">The Hobbit</a>.<a href="#cite_note-chrislee-132">[132]</a> He said he would have liked to have shown Saruman's corruption by <a href="/wiki/Sauron" title="Sauron">Sauron</a>,<a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a> but was too old to travel to New Zealand, so the production was adjusted to allow him to participate from London.<a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a> In 2012, Lee marked his fifth and final collaboration with Tim Burton, by appearing in Burton's film adaptation of the <a href="/wiki/Gothic_fiction" title="Gothic fiction">gothic</a> soap opera <a href="/wiki/Dark_Shadows_(film)" title="Dark Shadows (film)">Dark Shadows</a>, in the small role of a New England fishing captain.<a href="#cite_note-weird-135">[135]</a><a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Christopher_Lee_at_the_Berlin_International_Film_Festival_2013.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Christopher_Lee_at_the_Berlin_International_Film_Festival_2013.jpg/220px-Christopher_Lee_at_the_Berlin_International_Film_Festival_2013.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="311" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Christopher_Lee_at_the_Berlin_International_Film_Festival_2013.jpg/330px-Christopher_Lee_at_the_Berlin_International_Film_Festival_2013.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Christopher_Lee_at_the_Berlin_International_Film_Festival_2013.jpg/440px-Christopher_Lee_at_the_Berlin_International_Film_Festival_2013.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1196" data-file-height="1692" /></a><figcaption>Lee in 2013</figcaption></figure> In an interview in August 2013, Lee said that he was "saddened" to hear his friend Johnny Depp was considering retiring from acting, observing that he himself had no intention of doing that: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">There are frustrations – people who lie to you, people who don't know what they are doing, films that don't turn out the way you had wanted them to – so, yes, I do understand [why Depp would consider retiring]. I always ask myself, "Well, what else could I do?" Making films has never just been a job to me, it's my life. I have some interests outside of acting – I sing and I've written books, for instance – but acting is what keeps me going, it's what I do, it gives life purpose... I'm realistic about the amount of work I can get at my age, but I take what I can, even voice-overs and narration.<a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a></blockquote> Lee narrated the feature-length documentary <a href="/wiki/Necessary_Evil:_Super-Villains_of_DC_Comics" title="Necessary Evil: Super-Villains of DC Comics">Necessary Evil: Super-Villains of DC Comics</a>, which was released on 25 October 2013.<a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a> In 2014, he appeared in an episode of the BBC documentary series Timeshift called How to Be Sherlock Holmes: The Many Faces of a Master Detective. Lee and others who had played Sherlock Holmes discussed the character and the various interpretations of him.<a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a> He appeared in a web exclusive, reading an excerpt from the Sherlock Holmes short story <a href="/wiki/The_Final_Problem" title="The Final Problem">The Final Problem</a>.<a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a> A month before his death, Lee had signed to star with an <a href="/wiki/Ensemble_cast" title="Ensemble cast">ensemble cast</a> in the Danish film The 11th.<a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a> One of his final performances was the independent <a href="/wiki/Angels_in_Notting_Hill" title="Angels in Notting Hill">Angels in Notting Hill</a> directed by Michael Pakleppa,<a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a> a fantasy film about an angel trapped in London who falls in love with a human being. Lee played The Boss / Mr. President and the film premiered in the Regent Street Cinema, London on 29 October 2016.<a href="#cite_note-143">[143]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Music_career">Music career</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Christopher_Lee&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Music career">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lee_Golden_Gods.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Lee_Golden_Gods.jpg/170px-Lee_Golden_Gods.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Lee_Golden_Gods.jpg/255px-Lee_Golden_Gods.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Lee_Golden_Gods.jpg/340px-Lee_Golden_Gods.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>Lee receiving the "Spirit of Hammer" award for his album <a href="/wiki/Charlemagne:_By_the_Sword_and_the_Cross" title="Charlemagne: By the Sword and the Cross">Charlemagne: By the Sword and the Cross</a> at the 2010 <a href="/wiki/Metal_Hammer" title="Metal Hammer">Metal Hammer</a> Golden Gods ceremony in London</figcaption></figure> With his operatic<a href="#cite_note-144">[144]</a> <a href="/wiki/Bass_(voice_type)" title="Bass (voice type)">bass</a> voice, Lee sang on <a href="/wiki/The_Wicker_Man_(1973_film)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Wicker Man (1973 film)">The Wicker Man</a> soundtrack, performing <a href="/wiki/Paul_Giovanni" title="Paul Giovanni">Paul Giovanni</a>'s composition, "The Tinker of Rye."<a href="#cite_note-145">[145]</a> He sang the closing credits song of the 1994 horror film <a href="/wiki/Funny_Man_(film)" title="Funny Man (film)">Funny Man</a>.<a href="#cite_note-146">[146]</a> In 1977, he appeared on <a href="/wiki/Peter_Knight_(folk_musician)" title="Peter Knight (folk musician)">Peter Knight</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bob_Johnson_(musician)" title="Bob Johnson (musician)">Bob Johnson</a>'s (from <a href="/wiki/Steeleye_Span" title="Steeleye Span">Steeleye Span</a>) concept album <a href="/wiki/The_King_of_Elfland%27s_Daughter_(album)" title="The King of Elfland's Daughter (album)">The King of Elfland's Daughter</a>.<a href="#cite_note-147">[147]</a> Lee's first contact with <a href="/wiki/Heavy_metal_music" title="Heavy metal music">heavy metal music</a> came by singing a duet with <a href="/wiki/Fabio_Lione" title="Fabio Lione">Fabio Lione</a>, lead vocalist of the Italian <a href="/wiki/Symphonic_metal" title="Symphonic metal">symphonic</a> <a href="/wiki/Power_metal" title="Power metal">power metal</a> band <a href="/wiki/Rhapsody_of_Fire" title="Rhapsody of Fire">Rhapsody of Fire</a> on the single "<a href="/wiki/The_Magic_of_the_Wizard%27s_Dream" title="The Magic of the Wizard's Dream">The Magic of the Wizard's Dream</a>" from their 2004 album <a href="/wiki/Symphony_of_Enchanted_Lands_II_%E2%80%93_The_Dark_Secret" title="Symphony of Enchanted Lands II – The Dark Secret">Symphony of Enchanted Lands II – The Dark Secret</a>, although he only performs backing vocals on the album version. Later he appeared as a narrator and backing vocalist on the band's four albums Symphony of Enchanted Lands II – The Dark Secret, <a href="/wiki/Triumph_or_Agony" title="Triumph or Agony">Triumph or Agony</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Frozen_Tears_of_Angels" title="The Frozen Tears of Angels">The Frozen Tears of Angels</a>, and <a href="/wiki/From_Chaos_to_Eternity" title="From Chaos to Eternity">From Chaos to Eternity</a>, as well as on the EP <a href="/wiki/The_Cold_Embrace_of_Fear_%E2%80%93_A_Dark_Romantic_Symphony" title="The Cold Embrace of Fear – A Dark Romantic Symphony">The Cold Embrace of Fear – A Dark Romantic Symphony</a>, portraying the Wizard King. He worked with <a href="/wiki/Manowar" title="Manowar">Manowar</a> while they were recording a new version of their first album, <a href="/wiki/Battle_Hymns_(Manowar_album)" title="Battle Hymns (Manowar album)">Battle Hymns</a>. The original voice was <a href="/wiki/Orson_Welles" title="Orson Welles">Orson Welles</a>'s (long dead at the time of the re-recording).<a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a> With the song "Jingle Hell," Lee entered the <a href="/wiki/Billboard_Hot_100" title="Billboard Hot 100">Billboard Hot 100</a> chart at No. 22, thus becoming the second oldest living performer to ever enter the music charts, at 91 years and 6 months.<a href="#cite_note-149">[149]</a><a href="#cite_note-150">[150]</a> After media attention, the song rose to No. 18. as Lee became the oldest person to have a top 20 hit.<a href="#cite_note-Billboard_Top20-151">[151]</a> Lee released a third EP of covers in May 2014, called Metal Knight, to celebrate his 92nd birthday; in addition to a cover of "<a href="/wiki/My_Way" title="My Way">My Way</a>," it contains "The Toreador March," inspired by the opera <a href="/wiki/Carmen" title="Carmen">Carmen</a>, and the songs "<a href="/wiki/The_Impossible_Dream_(The_Quest)" title="The Impossible Dream (The Quest)">The Impossible Dream</a>" and "I, Don Quixote" from the <a href="/wiki/Don_Quixote" title="Don Quixote">Don Quixote</a> musical <a href="/wiki/Man_of_La_Mancha" title="Man of La Mancha">Man of La Mancha</a>. Lee was inspired to record the latter songs because, "as far as I am concerned, Don Quixote is the most metal fictional character that I know."<a href="#cite_note-152">[152]</a> His fourth EP and third annual Christmas release came in December 2014, as he put out "Darkest Carols, Faithful Sing," a playful take on "<a href="/wiki/Hark!_The_Herald_Angels_Sing" title="Hark! The Herald Angels Sing">Hark! The Herald Angels Sing</a>."<a href="#cite_note-153">[153]</a> He explained: "It's light-hearted, joyful and fun... At my age, the most important thing for me is to keep active by doing things that I truly enjoy. I do not know how long I am going to be around, so every day is a celebration, and I want to share it with my fans."<a href="#cite_note-154">[154]</a> Lee is featured in the <a href="/wiki/Symphonic_metal" title="Symphonic metal">symphonic metal</a> album <a href="/wiki/Charlemagne:_By_the_Sword_and_the_Cross" title="Charlemagne: By the Sword and the Cross">Charlemagne: By the Sword and the Cross</a> in 2010, after having worked with several metal bands since 2005. The <a href="/wiki/Heavy_metal_music" title="Heavy metal music">heavy metal</a> follow-up <a href="/wiki/Charlemagne:_The_Omens_of_Death" title="Charlemagne: The Omens of Death">Charlemagne: The Omens of Death</a> was released in 2013 on Lee's 91st birthday. He was honoured with the "Spirit of Hammer" award at the 2010 <a href="/wiki/Metal_Hammer_Golden_Gods_Awards" title="Metal Hammer Golden Gods Awards">Metal Hammer Golden Gods Awards</a> ceremony. On the <a href="/wiki/Hollywood_Vampires_(Hollywood_Vampires_album)" title="Hollywood Vampires (Hollywood Vampires album)">self-titled debut album</a> by <a href="/wiki/Hollywood_Vampires_(band)" title="Hollywood Vampires (band)">Hollywood Vampires</a>, a supergroup consisting of Johnny Depp, <a href="/wiki/Alice_Cooper" title="Alice Cooper">Alice Cooper</a> and <a href="/wiki/Joe_Perry_(musician)" title="Joe Perry (musician)">Joe Perry</a>, Lee is featured as a narrator in the track "The Last Vampire." Recorded shortly before his death, this marks Lee's final appearance on a musical record.<a href="#cite_note-155">[155]</a> In 2019, Rhapsody of Fire included a posthumous narration on their new album, <a href="/wiki/The_Eighth_Mountain" title="The Eighth Mountain">The Eighth Mountain</a>, in which Lee narrated the concept story of the band's Nephilim Empire Saga.<a href="#cite_note-156">[156]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Christopher_Lee&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Personal life">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Family_and_relationships">Family and relationships</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Christopher_Lee&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Family and relationships">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Christopher_Lee_and_Birgit_Kroencke,_Women%27s_World_Awards_2009.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Christopher_Lee_and_Birgit_Kroencke%2C_Women%27s_World_Awards_2009.jpg/170px-Christopher_Lee_and_Birgit_Kroencke%2C_Women%27s_World_Awards_2009.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Christopher_Lee_and_Birgit_Kroencke%2C_Women%27s_World_Awards_2009.jpg/255px-Christopher_Lee_and_Birgit_Kroencke%2C_Women%27s_World_Awards_2009.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Christopher_Lee_and_Birgit_Kroencke%2C_Women%27s_World_Awards_2009.jpg/340px-Christopher_Lee_and_Birgit_Kroencke%2C_Women%27s_World_Awards_2009.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1569" data-file-height="1876" /></a><figcaption>Lee with his wife, Birgit Krøncke, March 2009</figcaption></figure> The Carandinis, Lee's maternal ancestors, were given the right to bear the <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms" title="Coat of arms">coat of arms</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Barbarossa" title="Frederick Barbarossa">Emperor Frederick Barbarossa</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Wise_2002-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-tiscali-117">[117]</a> In the late 1950s, Lee was engaged to Countess Henriette Ewa Agnes von Rosen, whom he had met at a nightclub in <a href="/wiki/Stockholm" title="Stockholm">Stockholm</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELee2003220-157">[157]</a> Her father, Count Fritz von Rosen, proved demanding, getting them to delay the wedding for a year, asking his London-based friends to interview Lee, hiring private detectives to investigate him, and asking Lee to provide him with references, which Lee obtained from <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Fairbanks_Jr." title="Douglas Fairbanks Jr.">Douglas Fairbanks Jr.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boulting_brothers" title="Boulting brothers">John Boulting</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Joe_Jackson_(police_officer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Joe Jackson (police officer)">Joe Jackson</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELee2003182–183-158">[158]</a> Lee found the meeting of her extended family to be like something from a surrealist <a href="/wiki/Luis_Bu%C3%B1uel" title="Luis Buñuel">Luis Buñuel</a> film, and thought they were "killing me with cream."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELee2003184-159">[159]</a> Finally, Lee had to have the permission of the <a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Sweden" title="Monarchy of Sweden">King of Sweden</a> to marry. Lee had met him some years before while filming Tales of Hans Anderson, where he received his blessing.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELee2003184-159">[159]</a> However, shortly before the wedding, Lee ended the engagement. He was concerned that his financial insecurity in his chosen profession meant that she "deserved better" than being "pitched into the dishevelled world of an actor." She understood, and they called the wedding off.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELee2003185–186-160">[160]</a> Lee was introduced to Danish painter and former model Birgit "Gitte" Krøncke by a Danish friend in 1960.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELee2003196–198-161">[161]</a> They were engaged soon after, and married on 17 March 1961.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELee2003199-162">[162]</a> They had a daughter, Christina Erika Carandini Lee (b. 1963).<a href="#cite_note-163">[163]</a> Lee was the uncle of the British actress <a href="/wiki/Harriet_Walter" title="Harriet Walter">Harriet Walter</a>.<a href="#cite_note-tiscali-117">[117]</a> Both Lee and his daughter Christina provided spoken vocals on Rhapsody of Fire's album From Chaos to Eternity. Lee relocated to Los Angeles in the 1970s after becoming disillusioned with film roles he was being offered in Britain at the time and stated that in Hollywood "I was no longer a horror star. I was an actor."<a href="#cite_note-JohnsonMiller2016-164">[164]</a> He subsequently moved back to England and lived with his family in <a href="/wiki/Cadogan_Square" title="Cadogan Square">Cadogan Square</a> in west London until his death.<a href="#cite_note-165">[165]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Physical_characteristics_and_beliefs">Physical characteristics and beliefs</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Christopher_Lee&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Physical characteristics and beliefs">edit</a>]</div> Lee was known for his imposing height of 6 feet 5 inches (1.96 m).<a href="#cite_note-166">[166]</a><a href="#cite_note-telegraphinterview-67">[67]</a> On BBC Radio's <a href="/wiki/Test_Match_Special" title="Test Match Special">Test Match Special</a> "View from the Boundary" interview with <a href="/wiki/Brian_Johnston" title="Brian Johnston">Brian Johnston</a> on 20 June 1987, Lee described himself as being 6 ft 4 in (1.93 m) tall.<a href="#cite_note-167">[167]</a> Lee and his wife Birgit were listed among the fifty best-dressed over 50s by The Guardian in March 2013.<a href="#cite_note-168">[168]</a> Lee was an <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Catholicism" title="Anglo-Catholicism">Anglo-Catholic</a> Christian.<a href="#cite_note-169">[169]</a> After the Second World War, he was an <a href="/wiki/Altar_server" title="Altar server">altar server</a> at <a href="/wiki/St_Stephen%27s,_Gloucester_Road" title="St Stephen's, Gloucester Road">St Stephen's</a> Church in <a href="/wiki/South_Kensington" title="South Kensington">South Kensington</a>, London, during <a href="/wiki/T._S._Eliot" title="T. S. Eliot">T. S. Eliot</a>'s period as a parishioner there.<a href="#cite_note-170">[170]</a> Politically, Lee supported the <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)">Conservative Party</a>.<a href="#cite_note-171">[171]</a><a href="#cite_note-timesinterview-65">[65]</a> Regarding Islam, he stated that Islamic terrorism "is not the true Islam."<a href="#cite_note-172">[172]</a> Lee had an interest in the occult, to which he was introduced by <a href="/wiki/Dennis_Wheatley" title="Dennis Wheatley">Dennis Wheatley</a>.<a href="#cite_note-auto-90">[90]</a> It was once erroneously reported Lee had a library of occult literature that amounted to 20,000 books. However, during a talk at <a href="/wiki/University_College_Dublin" title="University College Dublin">University College Dublin</a> Lee confirmed he did not have such a collection and said "Somebody wrote that I had 20,000 books. I don't—I'd have to live in a bath!" He furthermore cautioned the audience against involving themselves in occult practices, claiming "I have met people who claim to be Satanists, who claim to be involved with black magic, who claimed that they not only knew a lot about it. But as I said, I certainly have not been involved and I warn all of you: never, never, never. You will not only lose your mind: you lose your soul."<a href="#cite_note-173">[173]</a><a href="#cite_note-174">[174]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death">Death</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Christopher_Lee&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Death">edit</a>]</div> Lee died at the <a href="/wiki/Chelsea_and_Westminster_Hospital" title="Chelsea and Westminster Hospital">Chelsea and Westminster Hospital</a> on 7 June 2015 at the age of 93. The cause of death was heart failure. His wife delayed the public announcement until 11 June, informing his family of the death before releasing the news to the press.<a href="#cite_note-175">[175]</a><a href="#cite_note-DEATH-176">[176]</a><a href="#cite_note-DEATH2-177">[177]</a> Following Lee's death, fans, friends, actors, directors and others involved in the film industry publicly gave their personal tributes.<a href="#cite_note-178">[178]</a><a href="#cite_note-179">[179]</a><a href="#cite_note-180">[180]</a><a href="#cite_note-181">[181]</a> Then-Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/David_Cameron" title="David Cameron">David Cameron</a> praised Lee as a "titan of <a href="/wiki/Classical_Hollywood_cinema" title="Classical Hollywood cinema">the golden age of cinema</a>."<a href="#cite_note-DEATH2-177">[177]</a> He was honoured by the academy at the <a href="/wiki/88th_Academy_Awards" title="88th Academy Awards">88th Academy Awards</a> on 28 February 2016 in the annual in Memoriam section.<a href="#cite_note-182">[182]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Honours_and_legacy">Honours and legacy</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Christopher_Lee&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Honours and legacy">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Lee_filmography" title="Christopher Lee filmography">Christopher Lee filmography</a></div> Lee was the subject of the BBC's <a href="/wiki/This_Is_Your_Life_(British_TV_series)" title="This Is Your Life (British TV series)">This Is Your Life</a> in 1974, where he was surprised by <a href="/wiki/Eamonn_Andrews" title="Eamonn Andrews">Eamonn Andrews</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPohleHartBaldwin2017329-183">[183]</a> In 1994, for his influence on the horror genre, he received the <a href="/wiki/Bram_Stoker_Award_for_Lifetime_Achievement" title="Bram Stoker Award for Lifetime Achievement">Bram Stoker Award for Lifetime Achievement</a>.<a href="#cite_note-184">[184]</a> In 1997, he was appointed a <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Saint_John_(chartered_1888)" title="Order of Saint John (chartered 1888)">Commander of the Venerable Order of Saint John</a>.<a href="#cite_note-LG_16_January_1997-185">[185]</a> On 16 June 2001, as part of <a href="/wiki/2001_Birthday_Honours" title="2001 Birthday Honours">that year's</a> <a href="/wiki/Birthday_Honours" title="Birthday Honours">Queen's Birthday Honours</a>, Lee was appointed a <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_British_Empire" title="Order of the British Empire">Commander of the Order of the British Empire</a> "for services to Drama."<a href="#cite_note-LG_16_June_2001-186">[186]</a><a href="#cite_note-187">[187]</a> He was made a <a href="/wiki/Knight_Bachelor" title="Knight Bachelor">Knight Bachelor</a> "For services to Drama and to Charity" on 13 June as part of the Queen's Birthday Honours <a href="/wiki/2009_Birthday_Honours" title="2009 Birthday Honours">in 2009</a>.<a href="#cite_note-188">[188]</a> The French government made him a <a href="/wiki/Ordre_des_Arts_et_des_Lettres" title="Ordre des Arts et des Lettres">Commander of Ordre des Arts et des Lettres</a> in 2011.<a href="#cite_note-189">[189]</a> Lee was named 2005's "most marketable star in the world" in a <a href="/wiki/USA_Today" title="USA Today">USA Today</a> newspaper poll, after three of the films he appeared in grossed US$640 million.<a href="#cite_note-190">[190]</a> In 2010, he was identified as the <a href="/wiki/IMDb" title="IMDb">IMDb</a> member with the greatest <a href="/wiki/Closeness_centrality" title="Closeness centrality">closeness centrality</a>, implying he was the <a href="/wiki/Centrality" title="Centrality">best-connected</a> person in the business.<a href="#cite_note-191">[191]</a> In 2008, Lee in his role as Count Dracula featured on a <a href="/wiki/Great_Britain_commemorative_stamps_2000%E2%80%932009" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Britain commemorative stamps 2000–2009">commemorative UK postage stamp</a> issued by the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Mail" title="Royal Mail">Royal Mail</a> to mark 50 years since the release of Dracula (1958) by <a href="/wiki/Hammer_Films" class="mw-redirect" title="Hammer Films">Hammer Films</a>.<a href="#cite_note-192">[192]</a> In 2010, Lee received the Spirit of Hammer award at the <a href="/wiki/Metal_Hammer_Golden_Gods_Awards" title="Metal Hammer Golden Gods Awards">Metal Hammer Golden Gods Awards</a>, for his contribution to the metal genre.<a href="#cite_note-193">[193]</a><a href="#cite_note-194">[194]</a> In 2011, Lee was awarded a <a href="/wiki/BAFTA_Fellowship" title="BAFTA Fellowship">BAFTA Fellowship</a>;<a href="#cite_note-195">[195]</a> he received a <a href="/wiki/British_Film_Institute_Fellowship" title="British Film Institute Fellowship">BFI Fellowship</a> in 2013.<a href="#cite_note-196">[196]</a> In 2011, accompanied by his wife Birgit, and on the 164th anniversary of the birth of Bram Stoker, Lee was honoured with a tribute by <a href="/wiki/University_College_Dublin" title="University College Dublin">University College Dublin</a>, and described his honorary life membership of the UCD Law Society as "in some ways as special as the Oscars."<a href="#cite_note-197">[197]</a> He was awarded the Bram Stoker Gold Medal by the Trinity College Philosophical Society, of which Stoker had been president, and a copy of Collected Ghost Stories of MR James by Trinity College's School of English.<a href="#cite_note-198">[198]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works">Works</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Christopher_Lee&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Works">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Filmography">Filmography</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Christopher_Lee&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Filmography">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Lee_filmography" title="Christopher Lee filmography">Christopher Lee filmography</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Books">Books</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Christopher_Lee&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Books">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Christopher Lee's X Certificate, London: Star Books, 1975. Hardcover reprint, Christopher Lee's 'X' Certificate edited by Christopher Lee and Michel Parry, London: W. H. Allen, 1976. US retitled reprint in paperback as From the Archives of Evil, New York: Warner Books, 1976.</li> <li>Christopher Lee's Archives of Evil, London: Mayflower paperback, 1975. Hardcover reprint as Archives of Evil presented by Christopher Lee and Michel Parry. London: W. H. Allen, 1977. US retitled reprint in paperback as From the Archives of Evil 2, New York: Warner Books, 1976.</li> <li>Christopher Lee's Omnibus of Evil, London: Mayflower paperback, 1975; reprint 1980). Retitled hardcover reprint as The Great Villains: An Omnibus of Evil, presented by Christopher Lee and Michel Parry. London: W. H. Allen, 1978.</li></ul> Note: Lee was 'ghost-editor' on the above series, which was edited by the anthologist Michel Parry. <ul><li>Tall, Dark and Gruesome. (autobiography). London: W. H. Allen, 1977. Expanded retitled edition as Lord of Misrule: The Autobiography of Christopher Lee. London: Orion Books, 2003, with an introduction by <a href="/wiki/Peter_Jackson" title="Peter Jackson">Peter Jackson</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Audiobooks">Audiobooks</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Christopher_Lee&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Audiobooks">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Peter_Blatty" title="William Peter Blatty">William Peter Blatty</a>: <a href="/wiki/The_Exorcist_(novel)" title="The Exorcist (novel)">The Exorcist</a> (abridged)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agatha_Christie" title="Agatha Christie">Agatha Christie</a>: <a href="/wiki/The_Hound_of_Death" title="The Hound of Death">The Hound of Death</a> and Other Stories (unabridged)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_Arthur_Conan_Doyle" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Arthur Conan Doyle">Sir Arthur Conan Doyle</a>: <a href="/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Lion%27s_Mane" title="The Adventure of the Lion's Mane">The Adventure of the Lion's Mane</a> and Other Stories (unabridged short stories)</li> <li>Sir Arthur Conan Doyle: <a href="/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Sussex_Vampire" title="The Adventure of the Sussex Vampire">The Adventure of the Sussex Vampire</a> and Other Stories (unabridged short stories)</li> <li>Sir Arthur Conan Doyle: <a href="/wiki/The_Case-Book_of_Sherlock_Holmes" title="The Case-Book of Sherlock Holmes">The Case-Book of Sherlock Holmes</a> (unabridged short stories)</li> <li>Sir Arthur Conan Doyle: <a href="/wiki/The_Valley_of_Fear" title="The Valley of Fear">The Valley of Fear</a> (abridged)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Herbert" title="James Herbert">James Herbert</a>: <a href="/wiki/The_Fog_(novel)" title="The Fog (novel)">The Fog</a> (abridged)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Hugo" title="Victor Hugo">Victor Hugo</a>: <a href="/wiki/The_Hunchback_of_Notre_Dame" class="mw-redirect" title="The Hunchback of Notre Dame">The Hunchback of Notre Dame</a> (abridged)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaston_Leroux" title="Gaston Leroux">Gaston Leroux</a>: <a href="/wiki/The_Phantom_of_the_Opera_(novel)" title="The Phantom of the Opera (novel)">The Phantom of the Opera</a> (abridged)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_Walter_Scott" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Walter Scott">Sir Walter Scott</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ivanhoe" title="Ivanhoe">Ivanhoe</a> (abridged)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Shelley" title="Mary Shelley">Mary Shelley</a>: <a href="/wiki/Frankenstein" title="Frankenstein">Frankenstein</a> (abridged)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Louis_Stevenson" title="Robert Louis Stevenson">Robert Louis Stevenson</a>: <a href="/wiki/Strange_Case_of_Dr_Jekyll_and_Mr_Hyde" title="Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde">Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde</a> (abridged)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bram_Stoker" title="Bram Stoker">Bram Stoker</a>: <a href="/wiki/Dracula" title="Dracula">Dracula</a> (abridged)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._R._R._Tolkien" title="J. R. R. Tolkien">J. R. R. Tolkien</a>: <a href="/wiki/The_Children_of_H%C3%BArin" title="The Children of Húrin">The Children of Húrin</a> (unabridged)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Wheatley" title="Dennis Wheatley">Dennis Wheatley</a>: <a href="/wiki/The_Devil_Rides_Out" title="The Devil Rides Out">The Devil Rides Out</a> (unabridged)</li> <li>Dennis Wheatley: <a href="/wiki/Duke_de_Richleau" title="Duke de Richleau">Strange Conflict</a> (unabridged)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Discography">Discography</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Christopher_Lee&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Discography">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1216972533">.mw-parser-output .col-begin{border-collapse:collapse;padding:0;color:inherit;width:100%;border:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .col-begin-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .col-break{vertical-align:top;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .col-break-2{width:50%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-3{width:33.3%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-4{width:25%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-5{width:20%}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .col-begin,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr>td{display:block!important;width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output .col-break{padding-left:0!important}}</style><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break col-break-2"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Albums">Albums</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Christopher_Lee&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Albums">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Christopher Lee Sings Devils, Rogues & Other Villains (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revelation_(Christopher_Lee_album)" title="Revelation (Christopher Lee album)">Revelation</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlemagne:_By_the_Sword_and_the_Cross" title="Charlemagne: By the Sword and the Cross">Charlemagne: By the Sword and the Cross</a> (2010)<a href="#cite_note-199">[199]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlemagne:_The_Omens_of_Death" title="Charlemagne: The Omens of Death">Charlemagne: The Omens of Death</a> (2013)<a href="#cite_note-200">[200]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="EPs">EPs</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Christopher_Lee&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: EPs">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>A Heavy Metal Christmas (2012)</li> <li>A Heavy Metal Christmas Too (2013)</li> <li>Metal Knight (2014)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Singles">Singles</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Christopher_Lee&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Singles">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>"Let Legend Mark Me as the King" (2012)</li> <li>"The Ultimate Sacrifice" (2012)</li> <li>"Jingle Hell" (2013): number 18 on the <a href="/wiki/Billboard_Hot_100" title="Billboard Hot 100"> Billboard Hot 100</a>, making Lee the oldest person to have a top 20 hit.<a href="#cite_note-Billboard_Top20-151">[151]</a></li> <li>"Darkest Carols, Faithful Sing" (2014)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Rhapsody_of_Fire_guest_appearances"><a href="/wiki/Rhapsody_of_Fire" title="Rhapsody of Fire">Rhapsody of Fire</a> guest appearances</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Christopher_Lee&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Rhapsody of Fire guest appearances">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Symphony_of_Enchanted_Lands_II_%E2%80%93_The_Dark_Secret" title="Symphony of Enchanted Lands II – The Dark Secret">Symphony of Enchanted Lands II – The Dark Secret</a> (2004), as narrator</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triumph_or_Agony" title="Triumph or Agony">Triumph or Agony</a> (2006), as narrator and Lothen</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Frozen_Tears_of_Angels" title="The Frozen Tears of Angels">The Frozen Tears of Angels</a> (2010), as narrator and Lothen</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Cold_Embrace_of_Fear_%E2%80%93_A_Dark_Romantic_Symphony" title="The Cold Embrace of Fear – A Dark Romantic Symphony">The Cold Embrace of Fear – A Dark Romantic Symphony</a> (2010), as the Wizard King</li> <li><a href="/wiki/From_Chaos_to_Eternity" title="From Chaos to Eternity">From Chaos to Eternity</a> (2011), as the Wizard King</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Eighth_Mountain" title="The Eighth Mountain">The Eighth Mountain</a> (2019), as narrator (Posthumous release)</li></ul> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-2"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Other_guest_appearances">Other guest appearances</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Christopher_Lee&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Other guest appearances">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Avengers_(TV_series)" title="The Avengers (TV series)">The Avengers</a> episode "Never, never say die" (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Wicker_Man_soundtrack" class="mw-redirect" title="The Wicker Man soundtrack">The Wicker Man soundtrack</a> (1973)</li> <li>Hammer Presents "Dracula" With Christopher Lee (EMI NTS 186 UK/Capitol ST-11340 USA, 1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space:_1999" title="Space: 1999">Space: 1999</a> episode "<a href="/wiki/Earthbound_(Space:_1999)" title="Earthbound (Space: 1999)">Earthbound</a>" (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Soldier%27s_Tale" class="mw-redirect" title="The Soldier's Tale">The Soldier's Tale</a> by Stravinsky, with the Scottish Chamber Orchestra conducted by Lionel Friend (Nimbus, 1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_and_the_Wolf" title="Peter and the Wolf">Peter and the Wolf</a> by Prokofiev, with the English String Orchestra conducted by <a href="/wiki/Yehudi_Menuhin" title="Yehudi Menuhin">Yehudi Menuhin</a> (Nimbus, 1989)</li> <li>Annie Get Your Gun (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Rocky_Horror_Show" title="The Rocky Horror Show">The Rocky Horror Show</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_King_and_I" title="The King and I">The King and I</a> (1998)</li> <li>Musicality of Lerner and Loewe (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/At_Dawn_in_Rivendell" title="At Dawn in Rivendell">At Dawn in Rivendell</a> (2003), <a href="/wiki/The_Tolkien_Ensemble" title="The Tolkien Ensemble">The Tolkien Ensemble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leaving_Rivendell" title="Leaving Rivendell">Leaving Rivendell</a> (2005), The Tolkien Ensemble</li> <li>Edgar Allan Poe Projekt – Visionen (2006), recites the poem "<a href="/wiki/The_Raven" title="The Raven">The Raven</a>" and sings the song "Elenore"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_Hymns_MMXI" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle Hymns MMXI">Battle Hymns MMXI</a> (2010), <a href="/wiki/Manowar" title="Manowar">Manowar</a> album</li> <li>Fearless (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hollywood_Vampires_(Hollywood_Vampires_album)" title="Hollywood Vampires (Hollywood Vampires album)">Hollywood Vampires</a> (2015)</li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Christopher_Lee&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 25em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pennlive.com/entertainment/2015/06/christopher_lee_dies_at_93_i_d.html">"Christopher Lee's memorable movie roles: 'I dreamed of being a character actor'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Pennlive" class="mw-redirect" title="Pennlive">pennlive</a>. 11 June 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=pennlive&rft.atitle=Christopher+Lee%27s+memorable+movie+roles%3A+%27I+dreamed+of+being+a+character+actor%27&rft.date=2015-06-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pennlive.com%2Fentertainment%2F2015%2F06%2Fchristopher_lee_dies_at_93_i_d.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristopher+Lee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-12:49_pm-2"><a href="#cite_ref-12:49_pm_2-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140224035253/http://christopherleeweb.com/pages/biography">"Biography – Christopher Lee – Official Website"</a>. christopherleeweb.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://christopherleeweb.com/pages/biography">the original</a> on 24 February 2014. Retrieved 16 March 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Biography+%E2%80%93+Christopher+Lee+%E2%80%93+Official+Website&rft.pub=christopherleeweb.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fchristopherleeweb.com%2Fpages%2Fbiography&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristopher+Lee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/opinion/main.jhtml?xml=/opinion/2002/05/19/do1910.xml">"Merchant of menace"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Daily Telegraph</a>. London. 19 May 2002. Retrieved 30 April 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Merchant+of+menace&rft.date=2002-05-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fopinion%2Fmain.jhtml%3Fxml%3D%2Fopinion%2F2002%2F05%2F19%2Fdo1910.xml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristopher+Lee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Early-4">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Early_4-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Early_4-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/film/2015/jun/11/christopher-lee">"Christopher Lee obituary"</a>. The Guardian. Retrieved 28 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Christopher+Lee+obituary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Ffilm%2F2015%2Fjun%2F11%2Fchristopher-lee&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristopher+Lee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELee20036–7-5"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELee20036–7_5-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLee2003">Lee 2003</a>, pp. 6–7. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELee200313-6"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELee200313_6-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLee2003">Lee 2003</a>, p. 13. </li> <li id="cite_note-Wise_2002-7">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Wise_2002_7-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wise_2002_7-1">b</a> * <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Wise, James E.; Baron, Scott (January 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=d_mUJebJ4uwC&pg=PA118">International Stars at War</a>. <a href="/wiki/Naval_Institute_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Naval Institute Press">Naval Institute Press</a>. p. 118. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55750-965-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55750-965-9"><bdi>978-1-55750-965-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=International+Stars+at+War&rft.pages=118&rft.pub=Naval+Institute+Press&rft.date=2002-01&rft.isbn=978-1-55750-965-9&rft.aulast=Wise&rft.aufirst=James+E.&rft.au=Baron%2C+Scott&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dd_mUJebJ4uwC%26pg%3DPA118&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristopher+Lee" class="Z3988"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ucd.ie/news/2011/11NOV11/091111-Christopher-Lee-honoured-by-UCD-Law-Society.html">"Christopher Lee honoured by UCD Law Society"</a>. UCD News. <a href="/wiki/University_College_Dublin" title="University College Dublin">University College Dublin</a>. November 2011. Retrieved 12 June 2015. <q>The Carandini family is one of the oldest in Europe and traces itself back to the first century AD. It is believed to have been connected with the Emperor Charlemagne, and as such was granted the right to bear the coat of arms of the Holy Roman Empire by Emperor Frederick Barbarossa.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UCD+News&rft.atitle=Christopher+Lee+honoured+by+UCD+Law+Society&rft.date=2011-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ucd.ie%2Fnews%2F2011%2F11NOV11%2F091111-Christopher-Lee-honoured-by-UCD-Law-Society.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristopher+Lee" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">Exshaw, John (12 June 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/sir-christopher-lee-crown-prince-of-terror-whose-work-with-hammer-horror-led-the-postwar-revival-of-gothic-fantasy-10314473.html">"Sir Christopher Lee: 'Crown Prince of Terror' whose work with Hammer Horror led the postwar revival of Gothic fantasy"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a>. Retrieved 12 June 2015. <q>He inherited his father's dark looks, and from his mother a lineage stretching back possibly to Ancient Rome, and including Charlemagne, along the way to the first Count Carandini in 1184.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Sir+Christopher+Lee%3A+%27Crown+Prince+of+Terror%27+whose+work+with+Hammer+Horror+led+the+postwar+revival+of+Gothic+fantasy&rft.date=2015-06-12&rft.aulast=Exshaw&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fpeople%2Fsir-christopher-lee-crown-prince-of-terror-whose-work-with-hammer-horror-led-the-postwar-revival-of-gothic-fantasy-10314473.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristopher+Lee" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELee20033-8"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELee20033_8-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLee2003">Lee 2003</a>, p. 3. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELee20037-9"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELee20037_9-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLee2003">Lee 2003</a>, p. 7. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELee200321-10"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELee200321_10-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLee2003">Lee 2003</a>, p. 21. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELee200322-11"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELee200322_11-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLee2003">Lee 2003</a>, p. 22. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELee200322–23-12"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELee200322–23_12-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLee2003">Lee 2003</a>, pp. 22–23. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELee200323-13"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELee200323_13-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLee2003">Lee 2003</a>, p. 23. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELee200324-14"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELee200324_14-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLee2003">Lee 2003</a>, p. 24. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELee200325-15"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELee200325_15-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLee2003">Lee 2003</a>, p. 25. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELee200332-16"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELee200332_16-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLee2003">Lee 2003</a>, p. 32. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELee200338-17">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELee200338_17-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELee200338_17-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFLee2003">Lee 2003</a>, p. 38. </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biography.com/people/christopher-lee-20702949">"Christopher Lee biography"</a>. Retrieved 18 April 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Christopher+Lee+biography&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biography.com%2Fpeople%2Fchristopher-lee-20702949&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristopher+Lee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELee200344-19"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELee200344_19-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLee2003">Lee 2003</a>, p. 44. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELee200345-20"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELee200345_20-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLee2003">Lee 2003</a>, p. 45. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELee200346–47-21"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELee200346–47_21-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLee2003">Lee 2003</a>, pp. 46–47. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELee200347-22"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELee200347_22-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLee2003">Lee 2003</a>, p. 47. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELee200348-23"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELee200348_23-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLee2003">Lee 2003</a>, p. 48. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELee200350-24">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELee200350_24-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELee200350_24-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFLee2003">Lee 2003</a>, p. 50. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELee200352-25"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELee200352_25-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLee2003">Lee 2003</a>, p. 52. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELee200354-26"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELee200354_26-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLee2003">Lee 2003</a>, p. 54. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELee200356-27"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELee200356_27-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLee2003">Lee 2003</a>, p. 56. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELee200358–59-28"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELee200358–59_28-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLee2003">Lee 2003</a>, pp. 58–59. </li> <li id="cite_note-Paul2007-29"><a href="#cite_ref-Paul2007_29-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaul2007" class="citation book cs1">Paul, Louis (6 September 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6NQ-Y8lbGAsC&pg=PA146">Tales from the Cult Film Trenches: Interviews with 36 Actors from Horror, Science Fiction and Exploitation Cinema</a>. <a href="/wiki/McFarland_%26_Company" title="McFarland & Company">McFarland & Company</a>. pp. 146–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-8402-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-8402-7"><bdi>978-0-7864-8402-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tales+from+the+Cult+Film+Trenches%3A+Interviews+with+36+Actors+from+Horror%2C+Science+Fiction+and+Exploitation+Cinema&rft.pages=146-&rft.pub=McFarland+%26+Company&rft.date=2007-09-06&rft.isbn=978-0-7864-8402-7&rft.aulast=Paul&rft.aufirst=Louis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6NQ-Y8lbGAsC%26pg%3DPA146&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristopher+Lee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELee200359-30"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELee200359_30-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLee2003">Lee 2003</a>, p. 59. </li> <li id="cite_note-yle-31">^ <a href="#cite_ref-yle_31-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-yle_31-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOrjala2015" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Orjala, Anne (11 June 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://yle.fi/uutiset/3-8068724">"Christopher Leen tavannut elokuvapomo: Hänellä oli erityinen suhde Suomeen"</a> [Christopher Lee met the film boss: He had a special relationship with Finland]. <a href="/wiki/YLE" class="mw-redirect" title="YLE">YLE</a> (in Finnish). Retrieved 15 August 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=YLE&rft.atitle=Christopher+Leen+tavannut+elokuvapomo%3A+H%C3%A4nell%C3%A4+oli+erityinen+suhde+Suomeen&rft.date=2015-06-11&rft.aulast=Orjala&rft.aufirst=Anne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fyle.fi%2Fuutiset%2F3-8068724&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristopher+Lee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELee200360-32"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELee200360_32-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLee2003">Lee 2003</a>, p. 60. </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIkola2020" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Ikola, Vilma (11 August 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.is.fi/hs-helsinki/art-2000006597579.html">"Sotakuvien seasta paljastui yllättävä löytö: Keskellä talvisodan koettelemaa Helsinkiä seisoo mies, joka saattaa olla näyttelijäsuuruus Christopher Lee"</a> [A surprising discovery was revealed among the war photos: In the middle of Helsinki, which was hit by the Winter War, stands a man who may be the actor Christopher Lee]. <a href="/wiki/Ilta-Sanomat" title="Ilta-Sanomat">Ilta-Sanomat</a> (in Finnish). Retrieved 15 August 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ilta-Sanomat&rft.atitle=Sotakuvien+seasta+paljastui+yll%C3%A4tt%C3%A4v%C3%A4+l%C3%B6yt%C3%B6%3A+Keskell%C3%A4+talvisodan+koettelemaa+Helsinki%C3%A4+seisoo+mies%2C+joka+saattaa+olla+n%C3%A4yttelij%C3%A4suuruus+Christopher+Lee&rft.date=2020-08-11&rft.aulast=Ikola&rft.aufirst=Vilma&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.is.fi%2Fhs-helsinki%2Fart-2000006597579.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristopher+Lee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070930203154/http://www.turunsanomat.fi/treffi/?ts=1,3:1013:0:0,4:13:0:1:2002-05-15,104:13:106811,1:0:0:0:0:0:">"Fantasian hyvä paha mies"</a> [A good bad man in fantasy] (in Finnish). Turun Sanomat. 15 May 2002. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.turunsanomat.fi/treffi/?ts=1,3:1013:0:0,4:13:0:1:2002-05-15,104:13:106811,1:0:0:0:0:0:">the original</a> on 30 September 2007. Retrieved 27 August 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fantasian+hyv%C3%A4+paha+mies&rft.pub=Turun+Sanomat&rft.date=2002-05-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.turunsanomat.fi%2Ftreffi%2F%3Fts%3D1%2C3%3A1013%3A0%3A0%2C4%3A13%3A0%3A1%3A2002-05-15%2C104%3A13%3A106811%2C1%3A0%3A0%3A0%3A0%3A0%3A&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristopher+Lee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELee200362–63-35"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELee200362–63_35-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLee2003">Lee 2003</a>, pp. 62–63. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELee200364-36"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELee200364_36-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLee2003">Lee 2003</a>, p. 64. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELee200365-37"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELee200365_37-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLee2003">Lee 2003</a>, p. 65. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELee200367–68-38"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELee200367–68_38-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLee2003">Lee 2003</a>, pp. 67–68. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELee200370–71-39"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELee200370–71_39-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLee2003">Lee 2003</a>, pp. 70–71. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELee200372–73-40"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELee200372–73_40-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLee2003">Lee 2003</a>, pp. 72–73. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELee200373-41"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELee200373_41-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLee2003">Lee 2003</a>, p. 73. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELee200374-42"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELee200374_42-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLee2003">Lee 2003</a>, p. 74. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELee200375-43"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELee200375_43-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLee2003">Lee 2003</a>, p. 75. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELee200377-44"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELee200377_44-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLee2003">Lee 2003</a>, p. 77. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELee200377–79-45"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELee200377–79_45-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLee2003">Lee 2003</a>, pp. 77–79. </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGazette36044" class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/36044/supplement/2619">"No. 36044"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_London_Gazette" title="The London Gazette">The London Gazette</a> (Supplement). 4 June 1943. pp. 2619–2620.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+London+Gazette&rft.atitle=No.+36044&rft.pages=2619-2620&rft.date=1943-06-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FLondon%2Fissue%2F36044%2Fsupplement%2F2619&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristopher+Lee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELee200381-47"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELee200381_47-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLee2003">Lee 2003</a>, p. 81. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELee200384-48"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELee200384_48-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLee2003">Lee 2003</a>, p. 84. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELee200385–86-49"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELee200385–86_49-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLee2003">Lee 2003</a>, pp. 85–86. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELee200386-50"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELee200386_50-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLee2003">Lee 2003</a>, p. 86. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELee200388-51"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELee200388_51-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLee2003">Lee 2003</a>, p. 88. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELee200391-52"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELee200391_52-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLee2003">Lee 2003</a>, p. 91. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELee200393–94-53"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELee200393–94_53-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLee2003">Lee 2003</a>, pp. 93–94. </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGazette36131" class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/36131/supplement/3636">"No. 36131"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_London_Gazette" title="The London Gazette">The London Gazette</a> (Supplement). 10 August 1943. pp. 3636–3637.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+London+Gazette&rft.atitle=No.+36131&rft.pages=3636-3637&rft.date=1943-08-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FLondon%2Fissue%2F36131%2Fsupplement%2F3636&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristopher+Lee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELee200396–97-55"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELee200396–97_55-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLee2003">Lee 2003</a>, pp. 96–97. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELee200398-56"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELee200398_56-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLee2003">Lee 2003</a>, p. 98. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELee200399–100-57"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELee200399–100_57-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLee2003">Lee 2003</a>, pp. 99–100. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELee2003100–101-58"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELee2003100–101_58-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLee2003">Lee 2003</a>, pp. 100–101. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELee2003101-59"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELee2003101_59-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLee2003">Lee 2003</a>, p. 101. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELee2003102-60"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELee2003102_60-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLee2003">Lee 2003</a>, p. 102. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELee2003104–105-61"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELee2003104–105_61-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLee2003">Lee 2003</a>, pp. 104–105. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELee2003106-62"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELee2003106_62-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLee2003">Lee 2003</a>, p. 106. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELee2003106–107-63"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELee2003106–107_63-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLee2003">Lee 2003</a>, pp. 106–107. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELee2003107-64">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELee2003107_64-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELee2003107_64-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFLee2003">Lee 2003</a>, p. 107. </li> <li id="cite_note-timesinterview-65">^ <a href="#cite_ref-timesinterview_65-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-timesinterview_65-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-timesinterview_65-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-timesinterview_65-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/arts/film/article2432282.ece">"Christopher Lee: a giant among actors"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a>. 20 November 2009. Retrieved 20 December 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=Christopher+Lee%3A+a+giant+among+actors&rft.date=2009-11-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thetimes.co.uk%2Ftto%2Farts%2Ffilm%2Farticle2432282.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristopher+Lee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELee200399-66"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELee200399_66-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLee2003">Lee 2003</a>, p. 99. </li> <li id="cite_note-telegraphinterview-67">^ <a href="#cite_ref-telegraphinterview_67-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-telegraphinterview_67-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-telegraphinterview_67-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-telegraphinterview_67-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFarndale2011" class="citation news cs1">Farndale, Nigel (12 February 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110310144042/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/baftas/8316999/Interview-Christopher-Lee.html">"Sir Christopher Lee interview"</a>. The Telegraph. London. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/baftas/8316999/Interview-Christopher-Lee.html">the original</a> on 10 March 2011. Retrieved 20 December 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Sir+Christopher+Lee+interview&rft.date=2011-02-12&rft.aulast=Farndale&rft.aufirst=Nigel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fculture%2Ffilm%2Fbaftas%2F8316999%2FInterview-Christopher-Lee.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristopher+Lee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELee200361-68"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELee200361_68-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLee2003">Lee 2003</a>, p. 61. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELee2003109-69"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELee2003109_69-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLee2003">Lee 2003</a>, p. 109. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELee2003110-70"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELee2003110_70-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLee2003">Lee 2003</a>, p. 110. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELee2003111-71">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELee2003111_71-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELee2003111_71-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFLee2003">Lee 2003</a>, p. 111. </li> <li id="cite_note-TFInterview-72">^ <a href="#cite_ref-TFInterview_72-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-TFInterview_72-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-TFInterview_72-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-TFInterview_72-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-TFInterview_72-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-TFInterview_72-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-TFInterview_72-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-TFInterview_72-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-TFInterview_72-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-TFInterview_72-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-TFInterview_72-10">k</a> <a href="#cite_ref-TFInterview_72-11">l</a> <a href="#cite_ref-TFInterview_72-12">m</a> <a href="#cite_ref-TFInterview_72-13">n</a> <a href="#cite_ref-TFInterview_72-14">o</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070612192345/http://www.totalfilm.com/features/the_total_film_interview__christopher_lee">"Interview – Christopher Lee"</a>. Total Film. 1 May 2005. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.totalfilm.com/features/the_total_film_interview__christopher_lee">the original</a> on 12 June 2007. Retrieved 25 August 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Total+Film&rft.atitle=Interview+%E2%80%93+Christopher+Lee&rft.date=2005-05-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.totalfilm.com%2Ffeatures%2Fthe_total_film_interview__christopher_lee&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristopher+Lee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELee2003112-73">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELee2003112_73-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELee2003112_73-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFLee2003">Lee 2003</a>, p. 112. </li> <li id="cite_note-Yahoo-74">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Yahoo_74-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Yahoo_74-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Yahoo_74-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Yahoo_74-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Yahoo_74-4">e</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://movies.yahoo.com/person/christopher-lee/biography.html">"Christopher Lee- Biography"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120519163736/http://movies.yahoo.com/person/christopher-lee/biography.html">Archived</a> 19 May 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Yahoo!. Retrieved 7 May 2012 </li> <li id="cite_note-aprolific-75">^ <a href="#cite_ref-aprolific_75-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-aprolific_75-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-aprolific_75-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWelsh2006" class="citation news cs1">Welsh, Paul (16 February 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.borehamwoodtimes.co.uk/film_nostalgia/history/690680.print/">"A prolific star of the Elstree screen"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Borehamwood_%26_Elstree_Times" title="Borehamwood & Elstree Times">Borehamwood & Elstree Times</a>. Retrieved 20 December 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=A+prolific+star+of+the+Elstree+screen&rft.date=2006-02-16&rft.aulast=Welsh&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.borehamwoodtimes.co.uk%2Ffilm_nostalgia%2Fhistory%2F690680.print%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristopher+Lee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-AllMovie_Filmography-76">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AllMovie_Filmography_76-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-AllMovie_Filmography_76-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-AllMovie_Filmography_76-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.allmovie.com/artist/christopher-lee-p41362">"Christopher Lee filmography"</a>. <a href="/wiki/AllMovie" title="AllMovie">AllMovie</a>. Retrieved 18 December 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Christopher+Lee+filmography&rft.pub=AllMovie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.allmovie.com%2Fartist%2Fchristopher-lee-p41362&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristopher+Lee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a> J Gordon Melton (2010). "The Vampire Book: The Encyclopedia of the Undead" p. 247. Visible Ink Press </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> Johnson, Tom (2009). "The Christopher Lee Filmography: All Theatrical Releases, 1948–2003". p. 79. McFarland. </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomas" class="citation news cs1">Thomas, Kevin. "Christopher Lee, Man of Many Faces, Almost an Unknown". <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a>. No. 29 November 1966, Part IV, page 17.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Christopher+Lee%2C+Man+of+Many+Faces%2C+Almost+an+Unknown&rft.issue=29+November+1966%2C+Part+IV%2C+page+17&rft.aulast=Thomas&rft.aufirst=Kevin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristopher+Lee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lee_Empire-80">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lee_Empire_80-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lee_Empire_80-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.empireonline.com/movies/features/best-horror-characters/">"The 100 Best Horror Movie Characters"</a>. Empire. 2020. Retrieved 11 June 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Empire&rft.atitle=The+100+Best+Horror+Movie+Characters&rft.date=2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.empireonline.com%2Fmovies%2Ffeatures%2Fbest-horror-characters%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristopher+Lee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJackson" class="citation news cs1">Jackson, Kevin. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/fangs-for-the-memories-the-a-z-of-vampires-1810987.html">"Fangs for the memories: The A-Z of vampires"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a>. No. 31 October 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Fangs+for+the+memories%3A+The+A-Z+of+vampires&rft.issue=31+October+2009&rft.aulast=Jackson&rft.aufirst=Kevin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk%2Fthis-britain%2Ffangs-for-the-memories-the-a-z-of-vampires-1810987.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristopher+Lee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timeout.com/london/film/100-best-british-films#tab_panel_4">"The 100 best British films"</a>. Time Out. Retrieved 24 October 2017 </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/film/what-to-watch/christopher-lee-dracula-movies-hammer/">"Why Christopher Lee's Dracula didn't suck"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Daily Telegraph</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/film/what-to-watch/christopher-lee-dracula-movies-hammer/">Archived</a> from the original on 10 January 2022. Retrieved 11 March 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Why+Christopher+Lee%27s+Dracula+didn%27t+suck&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Ffilm%2Fwhat-to-watch%2Fchristopher-lee-dracula-movies-hammer%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristopher+Lee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://edition.cnn.com/2007/SHOWBIZ/Movies/10/25/top10.britishvillains/">"The Screening Room's Top 10 British Villains – CNN"</a>. CNN. Retrieved 11 June 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Screening+Room%27s+Top+10+British+Villains+%E2%80%93+CNN&rft.pub=CNN&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2007%2FSHOWBIZ%2FMovies%2F10%2F25%2Ftop10.britishvillains%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristopher+Lee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHearnBarnes2007" class="citation book cs1">Hearn, Marcus; Barnes, Alan (2007). The Hammer Story: The Authorised History of Hammer Films. Titan Books. p. 43. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84576-185-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84576-185-1"><bdi>978-1-84576-185-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Hammer+Story%3A+The+Authorised+History+of+Hammer+Films&rft.pages=43&rft.pub=Titan+Books&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-84576-185-1&rft.aulast=Hearn&rft.aufirst=Marcus&rft.au=Barnes%2C+Alan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristopher+Lee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-landisbook-86">^ <a href="#cite_ref-landisbook_86-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-landisbook_86-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLandis2011" class="citation book cs1">Landis, John (2011). Monsters in the Movies: 100 Years of Cinematic Nightmares. <a href="/wiki/Dorling_Kindersley" class="mw-redirect" title="Dorling Kindersley">Dorling Kindersley</a>. p. 45. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4053-6697-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4053-6697-7"><bdi>978-1-4053-6697-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Monsters+in+the+Movies%3A+100+Years+of+Cinematic+Nightmares&rft.pages=45&rft.pub=Dorling+Kindersley&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-4053-6697-7&rft.aulast=Landis&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristopher+Lee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaining1992" class="citation book cs1">Haining, Peter (1992). The Dracula Scrapbook. Chancellor Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85152-195-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85152-195-1"><bdi>978-1-85152-195-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Dracula+Scrapbook&rft.pub=Chancellor+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-1-85152-195-1&rft.aulast=Haining&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristopher+Lee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliams2015" class="citation web cs1">Williams, Owen (12 June 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.empireonline.com/movies/features/christopher-lee-words/">"Sir Christopher Lee In His Own Words"</a>. Empire. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160927103018/https://www.empireonline.com/movies/features/christopher-lee-words/">Archived</a> from the original on 27 September 2016. Retrieved 25 September 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Empire&rft.atitle=Sir+Christopher+Lee+In+His+Own+Words&rft.date=2015-06-12&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Owen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.empireonline.com%2Fmovies%2Ffeatures%2Fchristopher-lee-words%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristopher+Lee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-guardianinterview-89">^ <a href="#cite_ref-guardianinterview_89-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-guardianinterview_89-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarrett2003" class="citation news cs1">Barrett, Victoria (29 May 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/film/2003/may/29/features.victoriabarrett">"The good, the bad and the Christopher Lee"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. London. Retrieved 21 December 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=The+good%2C+the+bad+and+the+Christopher+Lee&rft.date=2003-05-29&rft.aulast=Barrett&rft.aufirst=Victoria&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Ffilm%2F2003%2Fmay%2F29%2Ffeatures.victoriabarrett&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristopher+Lee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-90">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_90-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_90-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFarndale2005" class="citation news cs1">Farndale, Nigel (11 June 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/8316999/Interview-Christopher-Lee.html">"Sir Christopher Lee interview: 'I'm softer than people think'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Telegraph_(magazine)" title="The Telegraph (magazine)">The Telegraph</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/8316999/Interview-Christopher-Lee.html">Archived</a> from the original on 10 January 2022. Retrieved 16 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Sir+Christopher+Lee+interview%3A+%27I%27m+softer+than+people+think%27&rft.date=2005-06-11&rft.aulast=Farndale&rft.aufirst=Nigel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fculture%2Ffilm%2F8316999%2FInterview-Christopher-Lee.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristopher+Lee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThompson" class="citation news cs1">Thompson, Howard. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9A00E3DF1430E034BC4152DFB4678383679EDE">"Movie Review: The Devil Rides Out"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. Retrieved 25 September 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Movie+Review%3A+The+Devil+Rides+Out&rft.aulast=Thompson&rft.aufirst=Howard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Fmovie%2Freview%3Fres%3D9A00E3DF1430E034BC4152DFB4678383679EDE&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristopher+Lee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-maltin-92"><a href="#cite_ref-maltin_92-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaltin1995" class="citation book cs1">Maltin, Leonard, ed. (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/leonardmaltinsmo00newy/page/1350">Leonard Maltin's 1996 Movie & Video Guide</a>. Signet. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/leonardmaltinsmo00newy/page/1360">1360</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-451-18505-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-451-18505-1"><bdi>978-0-451-18505-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Leonard+Maltin%27s+1996+Movie+%26+Video+Guide&rft.pages=1360&rft.pub=Signet&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-451-18505-1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fleonardmaltinsmo00newy%2Fpage%2F1350&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristopher+Lee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHamilton2015" class="citation news cs1">Hamilton, Alex (11 June 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/film/2015/jun/11/christopher-lee">"Christopher Lee obituary"</a>. The Guardian. Retrieved 16 June 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Christopher+Lee+obituary&rft.date=2015-06-11&rft.aulast=Hamilton&rft.aufirst=Alex&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Ffilm%2F2015%2Fjun%2F11%2Fchristopher-lee&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristopher+Lee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lindrea_2004-94">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lindrea_2004_94-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lindrea_2004_94-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lindrea_2004_94-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLindrea2004" class="citation news cs1">Lindrea, Victoria (11 October 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/3733894.stm">"Christopher Lee on the making of legends"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>. Retrieved 27 July 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Christopher+Lee+on+the+making+of+legends&rft.date=2004-10-11&rft.aulast=Lindrea&rft.aufirst=Victoria&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fentertainment%2F3733894.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristopher+Lee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Burnt_Offerings_1-95">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Burnt_Offerings_1_95-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Burnt_Offerings_1_95-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Burnt_Offerings_1_95-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201101234617/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XG2W-PetugU&feature=youtu.be">"Burnt Offerings: – The Cult of the Wicker Man 1/4"</a>. 4 October 2020. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XG2W-PetugU">the original</a> on 1 November 2020. Retrieved 25 September 2022 – via YouTube.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Burnt+Offerings%3A+%E2%80%93+The+Cult+of+the+Wicker+Man+1%2F4&rft.date=2020-10-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DXG2W-PetugU&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristopher+Lee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGore2011" class="citation web cs1">Gore, Will (22 April 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110826092935/http://www.surreycomet.co.uk/leisure/8985362.The_author_who_inspired_The_Wicker_Man___/">"The author who inspired The Wicker Man..."</a> <a href="/wiki/Surrey_Comet" title="Surrey Comet">Surrey Comet</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.surreycomet.co.uk/leisure/8985362.The_author_who_inspired_The_Wicker_Man___/">the original</a> on 26 August 2011. Retrieved 11 April 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+author+who+inspired+The+Wicker+Man...&rft.pub=Surrey+Comet&rft.date=2011-04-22&rft.aulast=Gore&rft.aufirst=Will&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.surreycomet.co.uk%2Fleisure%2F8985362.The_author_who_inspired_The_Wicker_Man___%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristopher+Lee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELee2003307-97"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELee2003307_97-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLee2003">Lee 2003</a>, p. 307. </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2003" class="citation audio-visual cs1">Smith, Steve; et al. (2003). Halloween: A Cut Above the Rest (TV Documentary). <a href="/wiki/Prometheus_Entertainment" title="Prometheus Entertainment">Prometheus Entertainment</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Halloween%3A+A+Cut+Above+the+Rest&rft.pub=Prometheus+Entertainment&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Steve&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristopher+Lee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150904054710/http://www.tcm.com/this-month/article/212737%7C0/Return-from-Witch-Mountain.html">"Return from Witch Mountain"</a>. Turner Classic Movies. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tcm.com/this-month/article/212737%7c0/Return-from-Witch-Mountain.html">the original</a> on 4 September 2015. Retrieved 15 August 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Turner+Classic+Movies&rft.atitle=Return+from+Witch+Mountain&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tcm.com%2Fthis-month%2Farticle%2F212737%257c0%2FReturn-from-Witch-Mountain.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristopher+Lee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itv.com/news/2015-06-11/sir-christopher-lee-vampire-wizard-jedi-and-heavy-metal-musician">"Sir Christopher Lee: Vampire, wizard, jedi and heavy metal musician"</a>. ITV. Retrieved 21 October 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Sir+Christopher+Lee%3A+Vampire%2C+wizard%2C+jedi+and+heavy+metal+musician&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.itv.com%2Fnews%2F2015-06-11%2Fsir-christopher-lee-vampire-wizard-jedi-and-heavy-metal-musician&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristopher+Lee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.arthur-conan-doyle.com/index.php/Christopher_Lee">"Christopher Lee"</a>. The Arthur Conan Doyle Encyclopedia. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220110113225/https://www.arthur-conan-doyle.com/index.php/Christopher_Lee">Archived</a> from the original on 10 January 2022. Retrieved 10 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Arthur+Conan+Doyle+Encyclopedia&rft.atitle=Christopher+Lee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.arthur-conan-doyle.com%2Findex.php%2FChristopher_Lee&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristopher+Lee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGillis2021" class="citation web cs1">Gillis, Joe (7 August 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://screenrant.com/christopher-lee-peter-cushing-24-movies-all/">"All 24 Movies Featuring Christopher Lee & Peter Cushing"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Screen_Rant" title="Screen Rant">Screen Rant</a>. Retrieved 10 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=All+24+Movies+Featuring+Christopher+Lee+%26+Peter+Cushing&rft.pub=Screen+Rant&rft.date=2021-08-07&rft.aulast=Gillis&rft.aufirst=Joe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscreenrant.com%2Fchristopher-lee-peter-cushing-24-movies-all%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristopher+Lee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBC_Notts_2001-103"><a href="#cite_ref-BBC_Notts_2001_103-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/nottingham/spotlight/2001/christopher_lee.shtml">"Stuck on you. Horror star flies into Notts"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>. 31 July 2001. Retrieved 10 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Stuck+on+you.+Horror+star+flies+into+Notts&rft.pub=BBC&rft.date=2001-07-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnottingham%2Fspotlight%2F2001%2Fchristopher_lee.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristopher+Lee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaul2018" class="citation book cs1">Paul, Leggett (2018). Good Versus Evil in the Films of Christopher Lee. McFarland. p. 1.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Good+Versus+Evil+in+the+Films+of+Christopher+Lee&rft.pages=1&rft.pub=McFarland&rft.date=2018&rft.aulast=Paul&rft.aufirst=Leggett&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristopher+Lee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELee2003274-105"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELee2003274_105-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLee2003">Lee 2003</a>, p. 274. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELee2003337-106"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELee2003337_106-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLee2003">Lee 2003</a>, p. 337. </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Jackson" title="Peter Jackson">Peter Jackson</a> (2002). Cameras in Middle-earth (The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring Special Extended Edition documentary) (DVD). <a href="/wiki/New_Line_Cinema" title="New Line Cinema">New Line Cinema</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cameras+in+Middle-earth+%28The+Lord+of+the+Rings%3A+The+Fellowship+of+the+Ring+Special+Extended+Edition+documentary%29&rft.pub=New+Line+Cinema&rft.date=2002&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristopher+Lee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_Tolkien_Ensemble2003" class="citation audio-visual cs1"><a href="/wiki/The_Tolkien_Ensemble" title="The Tolkien Ensemble">The Tolkien Ensemble</a> (2003). <a href="/wiki/At_Dawn_in_Rivendell" title="At Dawn in Rivendell">At Dawn in Rivendell</a> (CD). <a href="/wiki/Decca_Records" title="Decca Records">Decca</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=At+Dawn+in+Rivendell&rft.pub=Decca&rft.date=2003&rft.au=The+Tolkien+Ensemble&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristopher+Lee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcCarrick2021" class="citation web cs1">McCarrick, Michael (25 February 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbr.com/lord-of-the-rings-return-of-the-king-saruman-fate-explained/">"Lord of the Rings: Why Saruman Doesn't Appear in Return of the King's Theatrical Cut"</a>. CBR. Retrieved 27 July 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lord+of+the+Rings%3A+Why+Saruman+Doesn%27t+Appear+in+Return+of+the+King%27s+Theatrical+Cut&rft.pub=CBR&rft.date=2021-02-25&rft.aulast=McCarrick&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbr.com%2Flord-of-the-rings-return-of-the-king-saruman-fate-explained%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristopher+Lee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTilakaratne2022" class="citation web cs1">Tilakaratne, Wishka (28 June 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://movieweb.com/christopher-lee-best-performances-ranked/">"Christopher Lee's Best Performances, Ranked"</a>. MovieWeb. Retrieved 27 December 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MovieWeb&rft.atitle=Christopher+Lee%27s+Best+Performances%2C+Ranked&rft.date=2022-06-28&rft.aulast=Tilakaratne&rft.aufirst=Wishka&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmovieweb.com%2Fchristopher-lee-best-performances-ranked%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristopher+Lee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itv.com/news/2015-06-11/sir-christopher-lee-vampire-wizard-jedi-and-heavy-metal-musician">"Sir Christopher Lee: Vampire, wizard, jedi and heavy metal musician"</a>. ITV. Retrieved 5 September 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Sir+Christopher+Lee%3A+Vampire%2C+wizard%2C+jedi+and+heavy+metal+musician&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.itv.com%2Fnews%2F2015-06-11%2Fsir-christopher-lee-vampire-wizard-jedi-and-heavy-metal-musician&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristopher+Lee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kcrw.com/etc/programs/tt/tt031210tim_burton">"Tim Burton"</a>. <a href="/wiki/KCRW" title="KCRW">KCRW</a>. 29 July 2006. Retrieved 4 October 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tim+Burton&rft.pub=KCRW&rft.date=2006-07-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kcrw.com%2Fetc%2Fprograms%2Ftt%2Ftt031210tim_burton&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristopher+Lee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencefictionfestival.org/en/archivio/tsff-2009/">"2009 Trieste Science+Fiction"</a>. Science Fiction Festival. Retrieved 25 September 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2009+Trieste+Science%2BFiction&rft.pub=Science+Fiction+Festival&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencefictionfestival.org%2Fen%2Farchivio%2Ftsff-2009%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristopher+Lee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2008/10_october/31/1939.shtml">"Stephen Poliakoff's feature film 1939, featuring stellar line-up of UK's finest acting talent, starts shooting"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>. Retrieved 30 September 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Stephen+Poliakoff%27s+feature+film+1939%2C+featuring+stellar+line-up+of+UK%27s+finest+acting+talent%2C+starts+shooting&rft.pub=BBC&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fpressoffice%2Fpressreleases%2Fstories%2F2008%2F10_october%2F31%2F1939.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristopher+Lee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Behind_the_Voice_Actors-115">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Behind_the_Voice_Actors_115-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Behind_the_Voice_Actors_115-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Behind_the_Voice_Actors_115-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Behind_the_Voice_Actors_115-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Behind_the_Voice_Actors_115-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Behind_the_Voice_Actors_115-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Behind_the_Voice_Actors_115-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Behind_the_Voice_Actors_115-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Behind_the_Voice_Actors_115-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Behind_the_Voice_Actors_115-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Behind_the_Voice_Actors_115-10">k</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.behindthevoiceactors.com/Christopher-Lee/">"Christopher Lee"</a>. Behind the Voice Actors. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210624195734/https://www.behindthevoiceactors.com/Christopher-Lee/">Archived</a> from the original on 24 June 2021. Retrieved 25 September 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Behind+the+Voice+Actors&rft.atitle=Christopher+Lee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.behindthevoiceactors.com%2FChristopher-Lee%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristopher+Lee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPohleHartBaldwin2017325–328-116"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPohleHartBaldwin2017325–328_116-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPohleHartBaldwin2017">Pohle, Hart & Baldwin 2017</a>, pp. 325–328. </li> <li id="cite_note-tiscali-117">^ <a href="#cite_ref-tiscali_117-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-tiscali_117-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-tiscali_117-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090326052506/http://www.tiscali.co.uk/entertainment/film/biographies/christopher_lee_biog.html">"Extensive biography at Tiscali UK"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Tiscali" class="mw-redirect" title="Tiscali">Tiscali</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tiscali.co.uk/entertainment/film/biographies/christopher_lee_biog.html">the original</a> on 26 March 2009. Retrieved 4 October 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Extensive+biography+at+Tiscali+UK&rft.pub=Tiscali&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tiscali.co.uk%2Fentertainment%2Ffilm%2Fbiographies%2Fchristopher_lee_biog.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristopher+Lee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160519070656/http://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b6b999bde">"Monsieur Hulot's Holiday (1953)"</a>. British Film Institute. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b6b999bde">the original</a> on 19 May 2016. Retrieved 15 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Monsieur+Hulot%27s+Holiday+%281953%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww2.bfi.org.uk%2Ffilms-tv-people%2F4ce2b6b999bde&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristopher+Lee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a> A selection of independent international reviews is given at <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeichmann" class="citation web cs1">Weichmann, Christian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161027034047/http://www.tolkien-ensemble.net/rezensionen/rezensionen.html">"The Lord of the Rings: Complete Songs and Poems (4-CD Box)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Tolkien_Ensemble" title="The Tolkien Ensemble">The Tolkien Ensemble</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tolkien-ensemble.net/rezensionen/rezensionen.html">the original</a> on 27 October 2016. Retrieved 13 January 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Lord+of+the+Rings%3A+Complete+Songs+and+Poems+%284-CD+Box%29&rft.pub=The+Tolkien+Ensemble&rft.aulast=Weichmann&rft.aufirst=Christian&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tolkien-ensemble.net%2Frezensionen%2Frezensionen.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristopher+Lee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTolkienLee2006" class="citation book cs1">Tolkien, J. R. R.; Lee, Christopher (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.audible.co.uk/pd/The-Children-of-Hurin-Audiobook/B004EW5K28">The Children of Hurin (Audiobook)</a>. <a href="/wiki/HarperCollins" title="HarperCollins">HarperCollins</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Children+of+Hurin+%28Audiobook%29&rft.pub=HarperCollins&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Tolkien&rft.aufirst=J.+R.+R.&rft.au=Lee%2C+Christopher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.audible.co.uk%2Fpd%2FThe-Children-of-Hurin-Audiobook%2FB004EW5K28&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristopher+Lee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eagames.co.uk/products.view.asp?id=387">The EA Games website</a>. Retrieved 2 May 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060314212024/http://eagames.co.uk/products.view.asp?id=387">Archived</a> 14 March 2006 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/profiles/2QjvbpK5pLH4vJl9jgtQ77D/the-earl-of-earl-s-court">"BBC Radio 4 Extra – Neil Gaiman – Neverwhere – The Earl of Earl's Court"</a>. BBC. Retrieved 11 June 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=BBC+Radio+4+Extra+%E2%80%93+Neil+Gaiman+%E2%80%93+Neverwhere+%E2%80%93+The+Earl+of+Earl%27s+Court&rft.pub=BBC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fprogrammes%2Fprofiles%2F2QjvbpK5pLH4vJl9jgtQ77D%2Fthe-earl-of-earl-s-court&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristopher+Lee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/94943-oldest-videogame-voice-actor">"Oldest videogame voice actor"</a>. Guinness World Records. Retrieved 14 September 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Oldest+videogame+voice+actor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.guinnessworldrecords.com%2Fworld-records%2F94943-oldest-videogame-voice-actor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristopher+Lee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Walker_2006-124">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Walker_2006_124-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Walker_2006_124-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalker2006" class="citation web cs1">Walker, Tim (31 May 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151016085817/http://new.spectator.co.uk/2006/05/never-be-terrible-in-a-terrible-movie/">"Never Be Terrible in a Terrible Movie"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Spectator" title="The Spectator">The Spectator</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://new.spectator.co.uk/2006/05/never-be-terrible-in-a-terrible-movie/">the original</a> on 16 October 2015. Retrieved 17 December 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Spectator&rft.atitle=Never+Be+Terrible+in+a+Terrible+Movie&rft.date=2006-05-31&rft.aulast=Walker&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnew.spectator.co.uk%2F2006%2F05%2Fnever-be-terrible-in-a-terrible-movie%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristopher+Lee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210611114849/https://www.ruhrnachrichten.de/nachrichten/steiger-award-2010-die-preisverleihung-g15787.html">"Steiger Award 2010: Die Preisverleihung"</a> [Steiger Award 2010: The Award Ceremony]. <a href="/wiki/Ruhr_Nachrichten" title="Ruhr Nachrichten">Ruhr Nachrichten</a> (in German). 13 March 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ruhrnachrichten.de/nachrichten/steiger-award-2010-die-preisverleihung-g15787.html">the original</a> on 11 June 2021. Retrieved 11 June 2021. <q>Marius Müller-Westernhagen, Armin Mueller-Stahl, Sir Christopher Lee – die Liste der Prominenten, die am Samstag in der Bochumer Jahrhunderthalle mit dem Steiger Award 2010 ausgezeichnet worden sind, ist lang.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ruhr+Nachrichten&rft.atitle=Steiger+Award+2010%3A+Die+Preisverleihung&rft.date=2010-03-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ruhrnachrichten.de%2Fnachrichten%2Fsteiger-award-2010-die-preisverleihung-g15787.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristopher+Lee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-12395181">"Christopher Lee to receive Bafta Fellowship"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>. 8 February 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110210090142/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-12395181">Archived</a> from the original on 10 February 2011. Retrieved 14 February 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Christopher+Lee+to+receive+Bafta+Fellowship&rft.date=2011-02-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fentertainment-arts-12395181&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristopher+Lee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClarke2011" class="citation news cs1">Clarke, Cath (10 March 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/film/2011/mar/10/the-resident-review">"The Resident – review"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. Retrieved 2 January 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=The+Resident+%E2%80%93+review&rft.date=2011-03-10&rft.aulast=Clarke&rft.aufirst=Cath&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Ffilm%2F2011%2Fmar%2F10%2Fthe-resident-review&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristopher+Lee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bloody-disgusting.com/news/18048">"Hi-Res Look at Hilary Swank in Hammer Films' 'The Resident'"</a>. Bloody-disgusting.com. 10 November 2009. Retrieved 4 October 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hi-Res+Look+at+Hilary+Swank+in+Hammer+Films%27+%27The+Resident%27&rft.pub=Bloody-disgusting.com&rft.date=2009-11-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloody-disgusting.com%2Fnews%2F18048&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristopher+Lee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHardy" class="citation web cs1">Hardy, Robin. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130520175938/http://ruemorgueradio.com/RMpodcast/RM-051.mp3">"RM-051.mp3 (audio/mpeg Object)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Rue_Morgue_Radio" class="mw-redirect" title="Rue Morgue Radio">Rue Morgue Radio</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ruemorgueradio.com/RMpodcast/RM-051.mp3">the original</a> on 20 May 2013. Retrieved 12 April 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=RM-051.mp3+%28audio%2Fmpeg+Object%29&rft.pub=Rue+Morgue+Radio&rft.aulast=Hardy&rft.aufirst=Robin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fruemorgueradio.com%2FRMpodcast%2FRM-051.mp3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristopher+Lee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Trumbore_2011-130"><a href="#cite_ref-Trumbore_2011_130-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTrumbore2011" class="citation web cs1">Trumbore, Dave (29 December 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://collider.com/christopher-lee-the-hobbit-dark-shadows/">"Christopher Lee Talks The Hobbit, Hugo and Dark Shadows"</a>. Collider. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130725230553/https://collider.com/christopher-lee-the-hobbit-dark-shadows/">Archived</a> from the original on 25 July 2013. Retrieved 11 June 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Collider&rft.atitle=Christopher+Lee+Talks+The+Hobbit%2C+Hugo+and+Dark+Shadows&rft.date=2011-12-29&rft.aulast=Trumbore&rft.aufirst=Dave&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcollider.com%2Fchristopher-lee-the-hobbit-dark-shadows%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristopher+Lee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-LA_Times-131"><a href="#cite_ref-LA_Times_131-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/movies/moviesnow/la-me-christopher-lee-obituary-20150611-story.html">"From the Archives: Christopher Lee dies at 93; screen star of 'Dracula' and 'Lord of the Rings'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a>. Retrieved 15 August 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=From+the+Archives%3A+Christopher+Lee+dies+at+93%3B+screen+star+of+%27Dracula%27+and+%27Lord+of+the+Rings%27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Fentertainment%2Fmovies%2Fmoviesnow%2Fla-me-christopher-lee-obituary-20150611-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristopher+Lee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-chrislee-132"><a href="#cite_ref-chrislee_132-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110115011730/http://christopherleeweb.com/story/sir-christopher-returns-hobbit">"Sir Christopher Returns in The Hobbit"</a>. Christopher Lee Official Website. 11 January 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://christopherleeweb.com/story/sir-christopher-returns-hobbit">the original</a> on 15 January 2011. Retrieved 11 January 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Sir+Christopher+Returns+in+The+Hobbit&rft.date=2011-01-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fchristopherleeweb.com%2Fstory%2Fsir-christopher-returns-hobbit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristopher+Lee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFerris2008" class="citation news cs1">Ferris, Glen (4 June 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120523070831/http://www.empireonline.com/news/story.asp?NID=22681">"Christopher Lee on The Hobbit"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Empire_(magazine)" title="Empire (magazine)">Empire</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.empireonline.com/news/story.asp?NID=22681">the original</a> on 23 May 2012. Retrieved 25 September 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Empire&rft.atitle=Christopher+Lee+on+The+Hobbit&rft.date=2008-06-04&rft.aulast=Ferris&rft.aufirst=Glen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.empireonline.com%2Fnews%2Fstory.asp%3FNID%3D22681&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristopher+Lee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120107035919/http://www.movieweb.com/news/christopher-lee-talks-saruman-in-the-hobbit-an-unexpected-journey">"Christopher Lee Talks Saruman in The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey"</a>. <a href="/wiki/MovieWeb" class="mw-redirect" title="MovieWeb">MovieWeb</a>. 31 December 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.movieweb.com/news/christopher-lee-talks-saruman-in-the-hobbit-an-unexpected-journey">the original</a> on 7 January 2012. Retrieved 20 December 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Christopher+Lee+Talks+Saruman+in+The+Hobbit%3A+An+Unexpected+Journey&rft.pub=MovieWeb&rft.date=2011-12-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.movieweb.com%2Fnews%2Fchristopher-lee-talks-saruman-in-the-hobbit-an-unexpected-journey&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristopher+Lee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-weird-135"><a href="#cite_ref-weird_135-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRichards2011" class="citation magazine cs1">Richards, Olly (November 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ollyrichards.net/2011/12/04/dark-shadows-preview-feature-empire-nov-11/">"The Weird Bunch"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Empire_(magazine)" title="Empire (magazine)">Empire</a>. p. 70.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Empire&rft.atitle=The+Weird+Bunch&rft.pages=70&rft.date=2011-11&rft.aulast=Richards&rft.aufirst=Olly&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Follyrichards.net%2F2011%2F12%2F04%2Fdark-shadows-preview-feature-empire-nov-11%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristopher+Lee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://darkshadowsmovie.warnerbros.com/assets/img/_downloads/_pdf/Dark_Shadows_Production_Notes.pdf">"Dark Shadows: About"</a> (PDF). Warner Bros. 29 April 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190228090508/https://www.warnerbros.com/movies/dark-shadows/">Archived</a> from the original on 28 February 2019. Retrieved 25 September 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dark+Shadows%3A+About&rft.pub=Warner+Bros&rft.date=2012-04-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdarkshadowsmovie.warnerbros.com%2Fassets%2Fimg%2F_downloads%2F_pdf%2FDark_Shadows_Production_Notes.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristopher+Lee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2013" class="citation web cs1">Smith, Michael (10 August 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://guardianlv.com/2013/08/johnny-depp-retirement-saddens-christopher-lee/">"Johnny Depp Retirement Saddens Christopher Lee"</a>. Guardian Liberty Voice. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130811013746/https://guardianlv.com/2013/08/johnny-depp-retirement-saddens-christopher-lee/">Archived</a> from the original on 11 August 2013. Retrieved 25 August 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Guardian+Liberty+Voice&rft.atitle=Johnny+Depp+Retirement+Saddens+Christopher+Lee&rft.date=2013-08-10&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fguardianlv.com%2F2013%2F08%2Fjohnny-depp-retirement-saddens-christopher-lee%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristopher+Lee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVejvoda2013" class="citation web cs1">Vejvoda, Jim (26 March 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uk.ign.com/articles/2013/03/26/new-documentary-on-dc-supervillains-announced">"New Documentary on DC Supervillains Announced: Necessary Evil to be narrated by Christopher Lee"</a>. IGN. Retrieved 25 September 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=New+Documentary+on+DC+Supervillains+Announced%3A+Necessary+Evil+to+be+narrated+by+Christopher+Lee&rft.pub=IGN&rft.date=2013-03-26&rft.aulast=Vejvoda&rft.aufirst=Jim&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fuk.ign.com%2Farticles%2F2013%2F03%2F26%2Fnew-documentary-on-dc-supervillains-announced&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristopher+Lee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b03pzsd9">"How to be Sherlock Holmes: The Many Faces of a Master Detective"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>. Retrieved 21 March 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=How+to+be+Sherlock+Holmes%3A+The+Many+Faces+of+a+Master+Detective&rft.pub=BBC&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fprogrammes%2Fb03pzsd9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristopher+Lee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p01nwby9">"Web exclusive: Christopher Lee reads The Final Problem"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_Four" title="BBC Four">BBC Four</a>. 23 December 2013. Retrieved 21 March 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+Four&rft.atitle=Web+exclusive%3A+Christopher+Lee+reads+The+Final+Problem&rft.date=2013-12-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fprogrammes%2Fp01nwby9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristopher+Lee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChild2015" class="citation news cs1">Child, Ben (19 May 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/film/2015/may/19/christopher-lee-and-uma-thurman-attached-to-911-drama-set-in-denmark">"Christopher Lee and Uma Thurman attached to 9/11 drama set in Denmark"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. Retrieved 21 May 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Christopher+Lee+and+Uma+Thurman+attached+to+9%2F11+drama+set+in+Denmark&rft.date=2015-05-19&rft.aulast=Child&rft.aufirst=Ben&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Ffilm%2F2015%2Fmay%2F19%2Fchristopher-lee-and-uma-thurman-attached-to-911-drama-set-in-denmark&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristopher+Lee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRosser2015" class="citation news cs1">Rosser, Michael (11 June 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.screendaily.com/news/christopher-lee-dies-aged-93/5089303.article">"Christopher Lee dies aged 93"</a>. Screen International. Retrieved 17 October 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Screen+International&rft.atitle=Christopher+Lee+dies+aged+93&rft.date=2015-06-11&rft.aulast=Rosser&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.screendaily.com%2Fnews%2Fchristopher-lee-dies-aged-93%2F5089303.article&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristopher+Lee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.regentstreetcinema.com/programme/angels-in-notting-hill/">"Listings"</a>. Regent Street Cinema. 12 October 2016. Retrieved 17 October 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Regent+Street+Cinema&rft.atitle=Listings&rft.date=2016-10-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.regentstreetcinema.com%2Fprogramme%2Fangels-in-notting-hill%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristopher+Lee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><a href="#cite_ref-144">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLee" class="citation web cs1">Lee, Christopher. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gramophone.co.uk/features/article/christopher-lee-my-music-it-s-been-the-greatest-regret-of-my-life-i-still-believe-i-was-born-to-be-an-opera-singer">"My Music: 'It's been the greatest regret of my life: I still believe I was born to be an opera singer'"</a>. Gramophone. Retrieved 26 September 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gramophone&rft.atitle=My+Music%3A+%27It%27s+been+the+greatest+regret+of+my+life%3A+I+still+believe+I+was+born+to+be+an+opera+singer%27&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gramophone.co.uk%2Ffeatures%2Farticle%2Fchristopher-lee-my-music-it-s-been-the-greatest-regret-of-my-life-i-still-believe-i-was-born-to-be-an-opera-singer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristopher+Lee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLindsay2003" class="citation magazine cs1">Lindsay, Cam (1 September 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111027211211/http://stylusmagazine.com/reviews/various-artists/the-wicker-man.htm">"The Wicker Man soundtrack"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Stylus_Magazine" title="Stylus Magazine">Stylus Magazine</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://stylusmagazine.com/reviews/various-artists/the-wicker-man.htm">the original</a> on 27 October 2011. Retrieved 5 November 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Stylus+Magazine&rft.atitle=The+Wicker+Man+soundtrack&rft.date=2003-09-01&rft.aulast=Lindsay&rft.aufirst=Cam&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstylusmagazine.com%2Freviews%2Fvarious-artists%2Fthe-wicker-man.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristopher+Lee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-146"><a href="#cite_ref-146">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDarvell2015" class="citation web cs1">Darvell, Michael (13 June 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.classicalsource.com/article/sir-christopher-lee-27-may-1922-7-june-2015-from-pen-pushing-via-a-stake-through-the-heart-to-carmen-heavy-metal-the-soldiers-tale-and-peter-the-wolf/">"Sir Christopher Lee (27 May 1922 – 7 June 2015) – From pen-pushing via a stake through the heart to Carmen, heavy metal, The Soldier's Tale and Peter & the Wolf"</a>. Classical Source. Retrieved 26 September 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Classical+Source&rft.atitle=Sir+Christopher+Lee+%2827+May+1922+%E2%80%93+7+June+2015%29+%E2%80%93+From+pen-pushing+via+a+stake+through+the+heart+to+Carmen%2C+heavy+metal%2C+The+Soldier%27s+Tale+and+Peter+%26+the+Wolf&rft.date=2015-06-13&rft.aulast=Darvell&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.classicalsource.com%2Farticle%2Fsir-christopher-lee-27-may-1922-7-june-2015-from-pen-pushing-via-a-stake-through-the-heart-to-carmen-heavy-metal-the-soldiers-tale-and-peter-the-wolf%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristopher+Lee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-147"><a href="#cite_ref-147">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1">The King of Elfland's Daughter (LP). <a href="/wiki/Chrysalis_Records" title="Chrysalis Records">Chrysalis Records</a>. 1977. CHR 1137.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+King+of+Elfland%27s+Daughter&rft.pub=Chrysalis+Records&rft.date=1977&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristopher+Lee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-148"><a href="#cite_ref-148">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101101102724/http://www.manowar.com/news_body.php?idnews=486">"Battle Hymns 2011 – Born To Live Forevermore"</a>. Manowar.com. 4 November 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.manowar.com/news_body.php?idnews=486">the original</a> on 1 November 2010. Retrieved 4 November 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Battle+Hymns+2011+%E2%80%93+Born+To+Live+Forevermore&rft.pub=Manowar.com&rft.date=2010-11-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.manowar.com%2Fnews_body.php%3Fidnews%3D486&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristopher+Lee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><a href="#cite_ref-149">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://loudwire.com/christopher-lee-oldest-man-to-chart-on-billboard/">"'Dracula' Icon Christopher Lee Becomes Oldest Man to Chart on Billboard"</a>. Loudwire. 27 December 2013. Retrieved 31 December 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Loudwire&rft.atitle=%27Dracula%27+Icon+Christopher+Lee+Becomes+Oldest+Man+to+Chart+on+Billboard&rft.date=2013-12-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Floudwire.com%2Fchristopher-lee-oldest-man-to-chart-on-billboard%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristopher+Lee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-150"><a href="#cite_ref-150">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.blabbermouth.net/news/christopher-lee-lands-on-billboard-hot-singles-sales-chart-with-heavy-metal-take-on-jingle-bells/#63vjDR2Am55Tfag6.99">"Christopher Lee Lands On Billboard Hot Singles Sales Chart With Heavy Metal Take On 'Jingle Bells'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Blabbermouth.net" title="Blabbermouth.net">Blabbermouth.net</a>. 25 December 2013. Retrieved 31 December 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Blabbermouth.net&rft.atitle=Christopher+Lee+Lands+On+Billboard+Hot+Singles+Sales+Chart+With+Heavy+Metal+Take+On+%27Jingle+Bells%27&rft.date=2013-12-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.blabbermouth.net%2Fnews%2Fchristopher-lee-lands-on-billboard-hot-singles-sales-chart-with-heavy-metal-take-on-jingle-bells%2F%2363vjDR2Am55Tfag6.99&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristopher+Lee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Billboard_Top20-151">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Billboard_Top20_151-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Billboard_Top20_151-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbcamerica.com/anglophenia/2014/12/sir-christopher-lees-metal-christmas-upon-us">"Sir Christopher Lee's Metal Christmas is Upon Us Once More"</a>. BBC America. Retrieved 9 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+America&rft.atitle=Sir+Christopher+Lee%27s+Metal+Christmas+is+Upon+Us+Once+More&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbcamerica.com%2Fanglophenia%2F2014%2F12%2Fsir-christopher-lees-metal-christmas-upon-us&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristopher+Lee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-152"><a href="#cite_ref-152">^</a> *<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-27591562">"Christopher Lee makes heavy metal Don Quixote"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>. 27 May 2014. Retrieved 29 May 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Christopher+Lee+makes+heavy+metal+Don+Quixote&rft.date=2014-05-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fentertainment-arts-27591562&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristopher+Lee" class="Z3988"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://loudwire.com/christopher-lee-92nd-birthday-metal-knight-ep/">"Christopher Lee Celebrates 92nd Birthday With Release of 'Metal Knight' EP"</a>. Loudwire. 28 May 2014. Retrieved 29 May 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Loudwire&rft.atitle=Christopher+Lee+Celebrates+92nd+Birthday+With+Release+of+%27Metal+Knight%27+EP&rft.date=2014-05-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Floudwire.com%2Fchristopher-lee-92nd-birthday-metal-knight-ep%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristopher+Lee" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/6099359/christopher-lee-delivers-heavy-metal-don-quixote">"Christopher Lee Delivers Heavy Metal Don Quixote"</a>. Billboard. 27 May 2014. Retrieved 29 May 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Billboard&rft.atitle=Christopher+Lee+Delivers+Heavy+Metal+Don+Quixote&rft.date=2014-05-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.billboard.com%2Farticles%2Fnews%2F6099359%2Fchristopher-lee-delivers-heavy-metal-don-quixote&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristopher+Lee" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-153"><a href="#cite_ref-153">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://loudwire.com/92-year-old-actor-christopher-lee-metal-christmas-song-darkest-carols-faithful-sing/">"92-Year-Old Actor Christopher Lee Offers Metal Christmas Song 'Darkest Carols, Faithful Sing'"</a>. Loudwire. 9 December 2014. Retrieved 9 December 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Loudwire&rft.atitle=92-Year-Old+Actor+Christopher+Lee+Offers+Metal+Christmas+Song+%27Darkest+Carols%2C+Faithful+Sing%27&rft.date=2014-12-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Floudwire.com%2F92-year-old-actor-christopher-lee-metal-christmas-song-darkest-carols-faithful-sing%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristopher+Lee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-154"><a href="#cite_ref-154">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.blabbermouth.net/news/legendary-actor-christopher-lee-releases-new-heavy-metal-single-darkest-carols-faithful-sing/">"Legendary Actor Christopher Lee Releases New Heavy Metal Single 'Darkest Carols, Faithful Sing'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Blabbermouth.net" title="Blabbermouth.net">Blabbermouth.net</a>. 9 December 2014. Retrieved 9 December 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Blabbermouth.net&rft.atitle=Legendary+Actor+Christopher+Lee+Releases+New+Heavy+Metal+Single+%27Darkest+Carols%2C+Faithful+Sing%27&rft.date=2014-12-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.blabbermouth.net%2Fnews%2Flegendary-actor-christopher-lee-releases-new-heavy-metal-single-darkest-carols-faithful-sing%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristopher+Lee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-155"><a href="#cite_ref-155">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/see-johnny-depp-alice-cooper-joe-perry-jam-with-rock-royalty-20150805">"See Johnny Depp, Alice Cooper, Joe Perry Jam With Rock Royalty"</a>. Rolling Stone. 5 August 2015. Retrieved 15 August 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rolling+Stone&rft.atitle=See+Johnny+Depp%2C+Alice+Cooper%2C+Joe+Perry+Jam+With+Rock+Royalty&rft.date=2015-08-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rollingstone.com%2Fmusic%2Fnews%2Fsee-johnny-depp-alice-cooper-joe-perry-jam-with-rock-royalty-20150805&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristopher+Lee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-156"><a href="#cite_ref-156">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.blabbermouth.net/news/rhapsody-of-fire-releases-lyric-video-for-new-song-master-of-peace/">"Rhapsody of Fire Releases Lyric Video For New Song 'Master Of Peace'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Blabbermouth.net" title="Blabbermouth.net">Blabbermouth.net</a>. 15 February 2019. Retrieved 11 March 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Blabbermouth.net&rft.atitle=Rhapsody+of+Fire+Releases+Lyric+Video+For+New+Song+%27Master+Of+Peace%27&rft.date=2019-02-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.blabbermouth.net%2Fnews%2Frhapsody-of-fire-releases-lyric-video-for-new-song-master-of-peace%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristopher+Lee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELee2003220-157"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELee2003220_157-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLee2003">Lee 2003</a>, p. 220. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELee2003182–183-158"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELee2003182–183_158-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLee2003">Lee 2003</a>, pp. 182–183. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELee2003184-159">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELee2003184_159-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELee2003184_159-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFLee2003">Lee 2003</a>, p. 184. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELee2003185–186-160"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELee2003185–186_160-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLee2003">Lee 2003</a>, pp. 185–186. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELee2003196–198-161"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELee2003196–198_161-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLee2003">Lee 2003</a>, pp. 196–198. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELee2003199-162"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELee2003199_162-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLee2003">Lee 2003</a>, p. 199. </li> <li id="cite_note-163"><a href="#cite_ref-163">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPrepolec2001" class="citation web cs1">Prepolec, Charles (27 July 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130816165408/http://christopherleeweb.com/forums/front-page-news/bride-and-groom">"To the Bride and Groom!"</a>. Christopher Lee Web. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://christopherleeweb.com/forums/front-page-news/bride-and-groom">the original</a> on 16 August 2013. Retrieved 4 May 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=To+the+Bride+and+Groom%21&rft.pub=Christopher+Lee+Web&rft.date=2001-07-27&rft.aulast=Prepolec&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fchristopherleeweb.com%2Fforums%2Ffront-page-news%2Fbride-and-groom&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristopher+Lee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-JohnsonMiller2016-164"><a href="#cite_ref-JohnsonMiller2016_164-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnsonMiller2016" class="citation book cs1">Johnson, Tom Johnson; Miller, Mark A. (1 May 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=85g-CgAAQBAJ&pg=PA288">The Christopher Lee Filmography: All Theatrical Releases, 1948–2003</a>. <a href="/wiki/McFarland_%26_Company" title="McFarland & Company">McFarland & Company</a>. p. 288. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4766-0896-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4766-0896-9"><bdi>978-1-4766-0896-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Christopher+Lee+Filmography%3A+All+Theatrical+Releases%2C+1948%E2%80%932003&rft.pages=288&rft.pub=McFarland+%26+Company&rft.date=2016-05-01&rft.isbn=978-1-4766-0896-9&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=Tom+Johnson&rft.au=Miller%2C+Mark+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D85g-CgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA288&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristopher+Lee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-165"><a href="#cite_ref-165">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cadogan.co.uk/propeller/uploads/2020/11/Sloane-Square-September-20.pdf">"Real life film stars who have put in an appearance"</a> (PDF). Sloane Square (September 2020): 58. 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sloane+Square&rft.atitle=Real+life+film+stars+who+have+put+in+an+appearance&rft.issue=September+2020&rft.pages=58&rft.date=2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cadogan.co.uk%2Fpropeller%2Fuploads%2F2020%2F11%2FSloane-Square-September-20.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristopher+Lee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-166"><a href="#cite_ref-166">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/nottingham/spotlight/2001/christopher_lee.shtml">"Stuck on you. Horror star flies into Notts"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>. 31 July 2001. Retrieved 20 December 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Stuck+on+you.+Horror+star+flies+into+Notts&rft.date=2001-07-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnottingham%2Fspotlight%2F2001%2Fchristopher_lee.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristopher+Lee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-167"><a href="#cite_ref-167">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/p08fy5zx">"Test Match Special #40from40: Sir Christopher Lee (02:13 and 21:55)"</a>. BBC Sounds. Retrieved 13 June 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+Sounds&rft.atitle=Test+Match+Special+%2340from40%3A+Sir+Christopher+Lee+%2802%3A13+and+21%3A55%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fsounds%2Fplay%2Fp08fy5zx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristopher+Lee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-168"><a href="#cite_ref-168">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCartner-MorleyMirrenHuffingtonAmos2013" class="citation news cs1">Cartner-Morley, Jess; <a href="/wiki/Helen_Mirren" title="Helen Mirren">Mirren, Helen</a>; <a href="/wiki/Arianna_Huffington" title="Arianna Huffington">Huffington, Arianna</a>; Amos, Valerie (28 March 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/gallery/2013/mar/29/50-best-dressed-over-50s">"The 50 best-dressed over 50s"</a>. The Guardian. London.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=The+50+best-dressed+over+50s&rft.date=2013-03-28&rft.aulast=Cartner-Morley&rft.aufirst=Jess&rft.au=Mirren%2C+Helen&rft.au=Huffington%2C+Arianna&rft.au=Amos%2C+Valerie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Ffashion%2Fgallery%2F2013%2Fmar%2F29%2F50-best-dressed-over-50s&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristopher+Lee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-169"><a href="#cite_ref-169">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cruxnow.com/life/2015/06/the-extraordinary-career-of-christopher-lee/">"The extraordinary career of Christopher Lee"</a>. Crux. 12 June 2015. Retrieved 24 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Crux&rft.atitle=The+extraordinary+career+of+Christopher+Lee&rft.date=2015-06-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcruxnow.com%2Flife%2F2015%2F06%2Fthe-extraordinary-career-of-christopher-lee%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristopher+Lee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-170"><a href="#cite_ref-170">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeggett2018" class="citation book cs1">Leggett, Paul (2018). Good Versus Evil in the Films of Christopher Lee. McFarland. p. 3.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Good+Versus+Evil+in+the+Films+of+Christopher+Lee&rft.pages=3&rft.pub=McFarland&rft.date=2018&rft.aulast=Leggett&rft.aufirst=Paul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristopher+Lee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-171"><a href="#cite_ref-171">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100925072809/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/christopher-lee-you-ask-the-questions-735506.html">"Christopher Lee: You Ask The Questions – Profiles, People"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a>. 11 February 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/christopher-lee-you-ask-the-questions-735506.html">the original</a> on 25 September 2010. Retrieved 5 August 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Christopher+Lee%3A+You+Ask+The+Questions+%E2%80%93+Profiles%2C+People&rft.date=2009-02-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fpeople%2Fprofiles%2Fchristopher-lee-you-ask-the-questions-735506.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristopher+Lee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-172"><a href="#cite_ref-172">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o7Vx5zRVlRU">"Christopher Lee talks about his favorite Muhammed Ali Jinnah role"</a>. YouTube. 14 August 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=YouTube&rft.atitle=Christopher+Lee+talks+about+his+favorite+Muhammed+Ali+Jinnah+role&rft.date=2018-08-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3Do7Vx5zRVlRU&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristopher+Lee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-173"><a href="#cite_ref-173">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleteia.org/2016/06/06/sir-christopher-lee-on-dabbling-with-the-occult-never-never-never/">"Sir Christopher Lee on Dabbling with the Occult: "Never, Never, Never""</a>. aleteia.org. 6 June 2016. Retrieved 27 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Sir+Christopher+Lee+on+Dabbling+with+the+Occult%3A+%22Never%2C+Never%2C+Never%22&rft.date=2016-06-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Faleteia.org%2F2016%2F06%2F06%2Fsir-christopher-lee-on-dabbling-with-the-occult-never-never-never%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristopher+Lee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-174"><a href="#cite_ref-174">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loudersound.com/features/the-metal-as-hell-moment-christopher-lee-warned-us-all-off-black-magic-you-not-only-lose-your-mindyou-lose-your-soul">"The metal as hell moment Christopher Lee warned us all off black magic: "You not only lose your mind...you lose your soul""</a>. loudersound. 8 March 2023. Retrieved 27 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+metal+as+hell+moment+Christopher+Lee+warned+us+all+off+black+magic%3A+%22You+not+only+lose+your+mind...you+lose+your+soul%22&rft.date=2023-03-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.loudersound.com%2Ffeatures%2Fthe-metal-as-hell-moment-christopher-lee-warned-us-all-off-black-magic-you-not-only-lose-your-mindyou-lose-your-soul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristopher+Lee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-175"><a href="#cite_ref-175">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-33098353">"Sir Christopher Lee: Screen legend dies aged 93"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>. 12 June 2015. Retrieved 23 March 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Sir+Christopher+Lee%3A+Screen+legend+dies+aged+93&rft.date=2015-06-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fentertainment-arts-33098353&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristopher+Lee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-DEATH-176"><a href="#cite_ref-DEATH_176-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/christopher-lee-dead-live-updates--legendary-actor-passes-away-at-the-age-of-93-10312947.html">"Christopher Lee dead: Legendary actor passes away at the age of 93"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a>. 11 June 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Christopher+Lee+dead%3A+Legendary+actor+passes+away+at+the+age+of+93&rft.date=2015-06-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fpeople%2Fchristopher-lee-dead-live-updates--legendary-actor-passes-away-at-the-age-of-93-10312947.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristopher+Lee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-DEATH2-177">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DEATH2_177-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-DEATH2_177-1">b</a> *<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/film/2015/jun/11/christopher-lee-dies-at-the-age-of-93-dracula">"Christopher Lee dies at the age of 93"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. 11 June 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Christopher+Lee+dies+at+the+age+of+93&rft.date=2015-06-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Ffilm%2F2015%2Fjun%2F11%2Fchristopher-lee-dies-at-the-age-of-93-dracula&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristopher+Lee" class="Z3988"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/celebritynews/11666316/christopher-lee-dies-live.html">"Sir Christopher Lee dies at 93 – latest reaction and tributes"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Daily Telegraph</a>. 11 June 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/celebritynews/11666316/christopher-lee-dies-live.html">Archived</a> from the original on 10 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Sir+Christopher+Lee+dies+at+93+%E2%80%93+latest+reaction+and+tributes&rft.date=2015-06-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fcelebritynews%2F11666316%2Fchristopher-lee-dies-live.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristopher+Lee" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-178"><a href="#cite_ref-178">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStevens2015" class="citation news cs1">Stevens, Tom (12 June 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/film/2015/jun/12/christopher-lee-readers-tributes-and-memories">"Christopher Lee: readers' tributes and memories"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. Retrieved 22 March 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Christopher+Lee%3A+readers%27+tributes+and+memories&rft.date=2015-06-12&rft.aulast=Stevens&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Ffilm%2F2015%2Fjun%2F12%2Fchristopher-lee-readers-tributes-and-memories&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristopher+Lee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-179"><a href="#cite_ref-179">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChild2015" class="citation news cs1">Child, Ben (12 June 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/film/2015/jun/12/christopher-lee-tributes-led-by-peter-jackson">"Christopher Lee tributes led by Peter Jackson"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. Retrieved 22 March 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Christopher+Lee+tributes+led+by+Peter+Jackson&rft.date=2015-06-12&rft.aulast=Child&rft.aufirst=Ben&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Ffilm%2F2015%2Fjun%2F12%2Fchristopher-lee-tributes-led-by-peter-jackson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristopher+Lee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-180"><a href="#cite_ref-180">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGander2015" class="citation news cs1">Gander, Kashmira (12 June 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/christopher-lee-dead-lord-of-the-rings-co-star-ian-mckellen-pays-tribute-to-on-screen-rival-10317044.html">"Christopher Lee dead: Lord of the Rings co-star Ian McKellen pays tribute to on-screen rival"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a>. Retrieved 22 March 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Christopher+Lee+dead%3A+Lord+of+the+Rings+co-star+Ian+McKellen+pays+tribute+to+on-screen+rival&rft.date=2015-06-12&rft.aulast=Gander&rft.aufirst=Kashmira&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fpeople%2Fchristopher-lee-dead-lord-of-the-rings-co-star-ian-mckellen-pays-tribute-to-on-screen-rival-10317044.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristopher+Lee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-181"><a href="#cite_ref-181">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-33097590">"Sir Christopher Lee: tributes to 'titan of cinema'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>. 11 June 2015. Retrieved 22 March 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Sir+Christopher+Lee%3A+tributes+to+%27titan+of+cinema%27&rft.date=2015-06-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fentertainment-arts-33097590&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristopher+Lee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-182"><a href="#cite_ref-182">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLee2016" class="citation news cs1">Lee, Benjamin (29 February 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/film/2016/feb/29/christopher-lee-honoured-in-oscars-ceremony">"Christopher Lee honoured in Oscars ceremony"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. Retrieved 21 July 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Christopher+Lee+honoured+in+Oscars+ceremony&rft.date=2016-02-29&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=Benjamin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Ffilm%2F2016%2Ffeb%2F29%2Fchristopher-lee-honoured-in-oscars-ceremony&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristopher+Lee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPohleHartBaldwin2017329-183"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPohleHartBaldwin2017329_183-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPohleHartBaldwin2017">Pohle, Hart & Baldwin 2017</a>, p. 329. </li> <li id="cite_note-184"><a href="#cite_ref-184">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://horror.org/awards/laawd.htm">"Horror Writers Association – Lifetime Achievement Award"</a>. horror.org. Retrieved 11 June 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=horror.org&rft.atitle=Horror+Writers+Association+%E2%80%93+Lifetime+Achievement+Award&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhorror.org%2Fawards%2Flaawd.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristopher+Lee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-LG_16_January_1997-185"><a href="#cite_ref-LG_16_January_1997_185-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGazette54652" class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/54652/page/595">"No. 54652"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_London_Gazette" title="The London Gazette">The London Gazette</a>. 16 January 1997. p. 595.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+London+Gazette&rft.atitle=No.+54652&rft.pages=595&rft.date=1997-01-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FLondon%2Fissue%2F54652%2Fpage%2F595&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristopher+Lee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-LG_16_June_2001-186"><a href="#cite_ref-LG_16_June_2001_186-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGazette56237" class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/56237/supplement/7">"No. 56237"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_London_Gazette" title="The London Gazette">The London Gazette</a> (Supplement). 16 June 2001. pp. 7–8.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+London+Gazette&rft.atitle=No.+56237&rft.pages=7-8&rft.date=2001-06-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FLondon%2Fissue%2F56237%2Fsupplement%2F7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristopher+Lee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-187"><a href="#cite_ref-187">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/1390310.stm">"Dudley Moore celebrates CBE"</a>. 16 June 2001. Retrieved 11 June 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Dudley+Moore+celebrates+CBE&rft.date=2001-06-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fentertainment%2F1390310.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristopher+Lee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-188"><a href="#cite_ref-188">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGazette59090" class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/59090/supplement/1">"No. 59090"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_London_Gazette" title="The London Gazette">The London Gazette</a> (Supplement). 13 June 2009. p. 1.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+London+Gazette&rft.atitle=No.+59090&rft.pages=1&rft.date=2009-06-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FLondon%2Fissue%2F59090%2Fsupplement%2F1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristopher+Lee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-189"><a href="#cite_ref-189">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irishtimes.com/life-and-style/people/actor-who-made-count-dracula-role-his-own-1.2247803">"Actor who made Count Dracula role his own"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Irish_Times" title="The Irish Times">The Irish Times</a>. 13 June 2015. Retrieved 24 July 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Irish+Times&rft.atitle=Actor+who+made+Count+Dracula+role+his+own&rft.date=2015-06-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishtimes.com%2Flife-and-style%2Fpeople%2Factor-who-made-count-dracula-role-his-own-1.2247803&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristopher+Lee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-190"><a href="#cite_ref-190">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/film/2006/jan/04/news1">"In brief: Christopher Lee 'most bankable' star"</a>. The Guardian. 4 January 2006. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a>. Retrieved 11 June 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=In+brief%3A+Christopher+Lee+%27most+bankable%27+star&rft.date=2006-01-04&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Ffilm%2F2006%2Fjan%2F04%2Fnews1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristopher+Lee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-191"><a href="#cite_ref-191">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNewman2010" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Mark_Newman" title="Mark Newman">Newman, Mark</a> (2010). "Chapter 7". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200728132820/http://math.sjtu.edu.cn/faculty/xiaodong/course/Networks%20An%20introduction.pdf">Networks: An Introduction</a> (PDF) (1st ed.). <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-920665-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-920665-0"><bdi>978-0-19-920665-0</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://math.sjtu.edu.cn/faculty/xiaodong/course/Networks%20An%20introduction.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 28 July 2020. Retrieved 15 May 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+7&rft.btitle=Networks%3A+An+Introduction&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-19-920665-0&rft.aulast=Newman&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmath.sjtu.edu.cn%2Ffaculty%2Fxiaodong%2Fcourse%2FNetworks%2520An%2520introduction.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristopher+Lee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-192"><a href="#cite_ref-192">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/dracula-sinks-his-teeth-into-royal-mail-history-jxdwsnc7npx">"Dracula sinks his teeth into Royal Mail history"</a>. The Sunday Times. Retrieved 22 September 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Sunday+Times&rft.atitle=Dracula+sinks+his+teeth+into+Royal+Mail+history&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thetimes.co.uk%2Farticle%2Fdracula-sinks-his-teeth-into-royal-mail-history-jxdwsnc7npx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristopher+Lee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-193"><a href="#cite_ref-193">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://planetradio.co.uk/planet-rock/news/rock-news/metal-hammer-golden-gods-winners//">"Metal Hammer Golden Gods Winners"</a>. Retrieved 12 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Metal+Hammer+Golden+Gods+Winners&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fplanetradio.co.uk%2Fplanet-rock%2Fnews%2Frock-news%2Fmetal-hammer-golden-gods-winners%2F%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristopher+Lee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-194"><a href="#cite_ref-194">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/10316731">"Metal Hammer honour for Sir Christopher Lee"</a>. BBC News. 15 June 2010. Retrieved 11 June 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Metal+Hammer+honour+for+Sir+Christopher+Lee&rft.date=2010-06-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2F10316731&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristopher+Lee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-195"><a href="#cite_ref-195">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-12395181">"Christopher Lee to receive Bafta Fellowship"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>. 8 February 2011. Retrieved 2 March 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Christopher+Lee+to+receive+Bafta+Fellowship&rft.date=2011-02-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fentertainment-arts-12395181&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristopher+Lee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-196"><a href="#cite_ref-196">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-24600683">"Depp surprises Sir Christopher Lee with film award"</a>. BBC News. 20 October 2013. Retrieved 11 June 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Depp+surprises+Sir+Christopher+Lee+with+film+award&rft.date=2013-10-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fentertainment-arts-24600683&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristopher+Lee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-197"><a href="#cite_ref-197">^</a> *<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rte.ie/ten/2011/1109/leec.html">"Christopher Lee honoured by UCD"</a>. RTÉ Ten. 9 November 2011.<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111110064511/http://www.rte.ie/ten/2011/1109/leec.html">Archived</a> 10 November 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <ul><li>Byrne, Luke. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.independent.ie/national-news/fangs-for-the-memories-as-legend-lee-honoured-2929338.html">"Fangs for the memories as legend Lee honoured"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Irish_Independent" title="Irish Independent">Irish Independent</a>. 9 November 2011.</li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-198"><a href="#cite_ref-198">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDuncan2011" class="citation news cs1">Duncan, Pamela (9 November 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111110184331/http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/breaking/2011/1109/breaking53.html">"Lee receives Bram Stoker award"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Irish_Times" title="The Irish Times">The Irish Times</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/breaking/2011/1109/breaking53.html">the original</a> on 10 November 2011. Retrieved 10 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Irish+Times&rft.atitle=Lee+receives+Bram+Stoker+award&rft.date=2011-11-09&rft.aulast=Duncan&rft.aufirst=Pamela&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishtimes.com%2Fnewspaper%2Fbreaking%2F2011%2F1109%2Fbreaking53.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristopher+Lee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-199"><a href="#cite_ref-199">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100919184242/http://christopherleeweb.com/story/charlemagne-music-samples">"Charlemagne Music Samples"</a>. Christopher Lee Web. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://christopherleeweb.com/story/charlemagne-music-samples">the original</a> on 19 September 2010. Retrieved 4 October 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Charlemagne+Music+Samples&rft.pub=Christopher+Lee+Web&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fchristopherleeweb.com%2Fstory%2Fcharlemagne-music-samples&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristopher+Lee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-200"><a href="#cite_ref-200">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-18367892">"Sir Christopher Lee releases second heavy metal album"</a>. BBC News. 8 June 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Sir+Christopher+Lee+releases+second+heavy+metal+album&rft.date=2012-06-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fentertainment-arts-18367892&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristopher+Lee" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Christopher_Lee&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Bibliography">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Aknin, Laurent (2011). Sir Christopher Lee. Paris: Nouveau Monde Éditions.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sir+Christopher+Lee&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=Nouveau+Monde+%C3%89ditions&rft.date=2011&rft.aulast=Aknin&rft.aufirst=Laurent&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristopher+Lee" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Russ_Jones" title="Russ Jones">Jones, Russ</a>; <a href="/wiki/Mort_Drucker" title="Mort Drucker">Drucker, Mort</a> (illus.) (1966). Christopher Lee's Treasury of Terror. <a href="/wiki/Pyramid_Books" class="mw-redirect" title="Pyramid Books">Pyramid Books</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Christopher+Lee%27s+Treasury+of+Terror&rft.pub=Pyramid+Books&rft.date=1966&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Russ&rft.au=Drucker%2C+Mort+%28illus.%29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristopher+Lee" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLee2003" class="citation book cs1"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lee, Christopher</a> (2003) [1977]. Lord of Misrule: The Autobiography of Christopher Lee. London: <a href="/wiki/Orion_Publishing_Group" title="Orion Publishing Group">Orion Publishing Group</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7528-5770-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7528-5770-1"><bdi>978-0-7528-5770-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lord+of+Misrule%3A+The+Autobiography+of+Christopher+Lee&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Orion+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-7528-5770-1&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristopher+Lee" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Mosley, Stephen (2022). Christopher Lee: The Loneliness of Evil. Midnight Marquee Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-64430-128-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-64430-128-9"><bdi>978-1-64430-128-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Christopher+Lee%3A+The+Loneliness+of+Evil&rft.pub=Midnight+Marquee+Press&rft.date=2022&rft.isbn=978-1-64430-128-9&rft.aulast=Mosley&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristopher+Lee" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPohleHartBaldwin2017" class="citation book cs1">Pohle, Robert W.; Hart, Douglas C.; Baldwin, Rita Pohle (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wqZ1DgAAQBAJ&pg=PA329">The Christopher Lee Film Encyclopedia</a>. <a href="/wiki/Rowman_%26_Littlefield" title="Rowman & Littlefield">Rowman & Littlefield</a>. p. 329. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-9270-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-9270-5"><bdi>978-0-8108-9270-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Christopher+Lee+Film+Encyclopedia&rft.pages=329&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-0-8108-9270-5&rft.aulast=Pohle&rft.aufirst=Robert+W.&rft.au=Hart%2C+Douglas+C.&rft.au=Baldwin%2C+Rita+Pohle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwqZ1DgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA329&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristopher+Lee" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Rigby" title="Jonathan Rigby">Rigby, Jonathan</a> (2001). Christopher Lee: The Authorised Screen History. Reynolds & Hearn.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Christopher+Lee%3A+The+Authorised+Screen+History&rft.pub=Reynolds+%26+Hearn&rft.date=2001&rft.aulast=Rigby&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristopher+Lee" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Stanzick, Nicolas (2010). Dans les griffes de la Hammer. Paris: Le Bord de l'eau Editions.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dans+les+griffes+de+la+Hammer&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=Le+Bord+de+l%27eau+Editions&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Stanzick&rft.aufirst=Nicolas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristopher+Lee" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Christopher_Lee&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Christopher_Lee" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Christopher Lee">Christopher Lee</a>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Christopher_Lee" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Christopher Lee">Christopher Lee</a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.afi.com/Person/31819-Christopher-Lee">Christopher Lee</a> at the <a href="/wiki/AFI_Catalog_of_Feature_Films" title="AFI Catalog of Feature Films">American Film Institute Catalog</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0000489/">Christopher Lee</a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180338#P345" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/person/518774%7C31819/wp">Christopher Lee</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Turner_Classic_Movies" title="Turner Classic Movies">TCM Movie Database</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180338#P3056" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.screenonline.org.uk/people/id/455361/">Christopher Lee</a> at the <a href="/wiki/British_Film_Institute" title="British Film Institute">BFI</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Screenonline" title="Screenonline">Screenonline</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allmovie.com/artist/p41362">Christopher Lee</a> at <a href="/wiki/AllMovie" title="AllMovie">AllMovie</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person.php?LinkID=mp63468">Portraits of Christopher Lee</a> at the <a href="/wiki/National_Portrait_Gallery,_London" title="National Portrait Gallery, London">National Portrait Gallery, London</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180338#P1816" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://film.guardian.co.uk/interview/interviewpages/0,6737,966255,00.html">Guardian Profile</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/8097274.stm">BBC profile</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Awards_for_Christopher_Lee" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Awards_for_Christopher_Lee" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Awards for Christopher Lee</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="BAFTA_Fellowship_Award" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #BDB76B"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:BAFTA_Academy_Fellowship_Award" title="Template:BAFTA Academy Fellowship Award"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:BAFTA_Academy_Fellowship_Award" title="Template talk:BAFTA Academy Fellowship Award"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:BAFTA_Academy_Fellowship_Award" title="Special:EditPage/Template:BAFTA Academy Fellowship Award"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="BAFTA_Fellowship_Award" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/BAFTA_Fellowship" title="BAFTA Fellowship">BAFTA Fellowship Award</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #BDB76B;width:1%;background: #C5B358">1971–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Hitchcock" title="Alfred Hitchcock">Alfred Hitchcock</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freddie_Young" title="Freddie Young">Freddie Young</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grace_Wyndham_Goldie" title="Grace Wyndham Goldie">Grace Wyndham Goldie</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Lean" title="David Lean">David Lean</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Cousteau" title="Jacques Cousteau">Jacques Cousteau</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Chaplin" title="Charlie Chaplin">Charlie Chaplin</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurence_Olivier" title="Laurence Olivier">Laurence Olivier</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denis_Forman" title="Denis Forman">Denis Forman</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Zinnemann" title="Fred Zinnemann">Fred Zinnemann</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lew_Grade" title="Lew Grade">Lew Grade</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huw_Wheldon" title="Huw Wheldon">Huw Wheldon</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Attenborough" title="David Attenborough">David Attenborough</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Huston" title="John Huston">John Huston</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abel_Gance" title="Abel Gance">Abel Gance</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Powell" title="Michael Powell">Michael Powell</a> & <a href="/wiki/Emeric_Pressburger" title="Emeric Pressburger">Emeric Pressburger</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrzej_Wajda" title="Andrzej Wajda">Andrzej Wajda</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Attenborough" title="Richard Attenborough">Richard Attenborough</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Greene" title="Hugh Greene">Hugh Greene</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Spiegel" title="Sam Spiegel">Sam Spiegel</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Isaacs" title="Jeremy Isaacs">Jeremy Isaacs</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_Spielberg" title="Steven Spielberg">Steven Spielberg</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federico_Fellini" title="Federico Fellini">Federico Fellini</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingmar_Bergman" title="Ingmar Bergman">Ingmar Bergman</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alec_Guinness" title="Alec Guinness">Alec Guinness</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Fox_(television_executive)" title="Paul Fox (television executive)">Paul Fox</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Malle" title="Louis Malle">Louis Malle</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Gielgud" title="John Gielgud">John Gielgud</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Plowright" title="David Plowright">David Plowright</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sydney_Samuelson" title="Sydney Samuelson">Sydney Samuelson</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colin_Young_(film_educator)" title="Colin Young (film educator)">Colin Young</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Grade" title="Michael Grade">Michael Grade</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billy_Wilder" title="Billy Wilder">Billy Wilder</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeanne_Moreau" title="Jeanne Moreau">Jeanne Moreau</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Neame" title="Ronald Neame">Ronald Neame</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Schlesinger" title="John Schlesinger">John Schlesinger</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maggie_Smith" title="Maggie Smith">Maggie Smith</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woody_Allen" title="Woody Allen">Woody Allen</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_Bochco" title="Steven Bochco">Steven Bochco</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julie_Christie" title="Julie Christie">Julie Christie</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oswald_Morris" title="Oswald Morris">Oswald Morris</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Pinter" title="Harold Pinter">Harold Pinter</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Rose_(songwriter)" title="David Rose (songwriter)">David Rose</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sean_Connery" title="Sean Connery">Sean Connery</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Cotton" title="Bill Cotton">Bill Cotton</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Morecambe" title="Eric Morecambe">Eric Morecambe</a> & <a href="/wiki/Ernie_Wise" title="Ernie Wise">Ernie Wise</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Taylor" title="Elizabeth Taylor">Elizabeth Taylor</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Caine" title="Michael Caine">Michael Caine</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Kubrick" title="Stanley Kubrick">Stanley Kubrick</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Bazalgette" title="Peter Bazalgette">Peter Bazalgette</a> (2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #BDB76B;width:1%;background: #C5B358">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Finney" title="Albert Finney">Albert Finney</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Thaw" title="John Thaw">John Thaw</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judi_Dench" title="Judi Dench">Judi Dench</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_Beatty" title="Warren Beatty">Warren Beatty</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merchant_Ivory_Productions" title="Merchant Ivory Productions">Merchant Ivory Productions</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Davies_(writer)" title="Andrew Davies (writer)">Andrew Davies</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Mills" title="John Mills">John Mills</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saul_Zaentz" title="Saul Zaentz">Saul Zaentz</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Jason" title="David Jason">David Jason</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Boorman" title="John Boorman">John Boorman</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Graef" title="Roger Graef">Roger Graef</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Barry_(composer)" title="John Barry (composer)">John Barry</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Frost" title="David Frost">David Frost</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Puttnam" title="David Puttnam">David Puttnam</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ken_Loach" title="Ken Loach">Ken Loach</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_V._Coates" title="Anne V. Coates">Anne V. Coates</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Curtis" title="Richard Curtis">Richard Curtis</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Will_Wright_(game_designer)" title="Will Wright (game designer)">Will Wright</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Hopkins" title="Anthony Hopkins">Anthony Hopkins</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Forsyth" title="Bruce Forsyth">Bruce Forsyth</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dawn_French" title="Dawn French">Dawn French</a> & <a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Saunders" title="Jennifer Saunders">Jennifer Saunders</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terry_Gilliam" title="Terry Gilliam">Terry Gilliam</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nolan_Bushnell" title="Nolan Bushnell">Nolan Bushnell</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanessa_Redgrave" title="Vanessa Redgrave">Vanessa Redgrave</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shigeru_Miyamoto" title="Shigeru Miyamoto">Shigeru Miyamoto</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melvyn_Bragg" title="Melvyn Bragg">Melvyn Bragg</a> (2010)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Christopher Lee</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Molyneux" title="Peter Molyneux">Peter Molyneux</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trevor_McDonald" title="Trevor McDonald">Trevor McDonald</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Scorsese" title="Martin Scorsese">Martin Scorsese</a> (2012)</li> <li><s><a href="/wiki/Rolf_Harris" title="Rolf Harris">Rolf Harris</a></s> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Parker" title="Alan Parker">Alan Parker</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabe_Newell" title="Gabe Newell">Gabe Newell</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Palin" title="Michael Palin">Michael Palin</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Mirren" title="Helen Mirren">Helen Mirren</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockstar_Games" title="Rockstar Games">Rockstar Games</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julie_Walters" title="Julie Walters">Julie Walters</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Leigh" title="Mike Leigh">Mike Leigh</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Braben" title="David Braben">David Braben</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jon_Snow_(journalist)" title="Jon Snow (journalist)">Jon Snow</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Poitier" title="Sidney Poitier">Sidney Poitier</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Carmack" title="John Carmack">John Carmack</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ray_Galton" title="Ray Galton">Ray Galton</a> & <a href="/wiki/Alan_Simpson_(scriptwriter)" title="Alan Simpson (scriptwriter)">Alan Simpson</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mel_Brooks" title="Mel Brooks">Mel Brooks</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joanna_Lumley" title="Joanna Lumley">Joanna Lumley</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ridley_Scott" title="Ridley Scott">Ridley Scott</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Schafer" title="Tim Schafer">Tim Schafer</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kate_Adie" title="Kate Adie">Kate Adie</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thelma_Schoonmaker" title="Thelma Schoonmaker">Thelma Schoonmaker</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_Bakewell" title="Joan Bakewell">Joan Bakewell</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathleen_Kennedy_(producer)" title="Kathleen Kennedy (producer)">Kathleen Kennedy</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hideo_Kojima" title="Hideo Kojima">Hideo Kojima</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ang_Lee" title="Ang Lee">Ang Lee</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siobhan_Reddy" title="Siobhan Reddy">Siobhan Reddy</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billy_Connolly" title="Billy Connolly">Billy Connolly</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandy_Powell_(costume_designer)" title="Sandy Powell (costume designer)">Sandy Powell</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuhei_Yoshida" title="Shuhei Yoshida">Shuhei Yoshida</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meera_Syal" title="Meera Syal">Meera Syal</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samantha_Morton" title="Samantha Morton">Samantha Morton</a> (2024)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floella_Benjamin" title="Floella Benjamin">Floella Benjamin</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Bram_Stoker_Award_for_Lifetime_Achievement" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Bram_Stoker_Award_for_Lifetime_Achievement" title="Template:Bram Stoker Award for Lifetime Achievement"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Bram_Stoker_Award_for_Lifetime_Achievement" title="Template talk:Bram Stoker Award for Lifetime Achievement"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Bram_Stoker_Award_for_Lifetime_Achievement" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Bram Stoker Award for Lifetime Achievement"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Bram_Stoker_Award_for_Lifetime_Achievement" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Bram_Stoker_Award_for_Lifetime_Achievement" title="Bram Stoker Award for Lifetime Achievement">Bram Stoker Award for Lifetime Achievement</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fritz_Leiber" title="Fritz Leiber">Fritz Leiber</a> / <a href="/wiki/Frank_Belknap_Long" title="Frank Belknap Long">Frank Belknap Long</a> / <a href="/wiki/Clifford_D._Simak" title="Clifford D. Simak">Clifford D. Simak</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ray_Bradbury" title="Ray Bradbury">Ray Bradbury</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Chetwynd-Hayes" title="Ronald Chetwynd-Hayes">Ronald Chetwynd-Hayes</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bloch" title="Robert Bloch">Robert Bloch</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_B._Cave" title="Hugh B. Cave">Hugh B. Cave</a> / <a href="/wiki/Richard_Matheson" title="Richard Matheson">Richard Matheson</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gahan_Wilson" title="Gahan Wilson">Gahan Wilson</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ray_Russell" title="Ray Russell">Ray Russell</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joyce_Carol_Oates" title="Joyce Carol Oates">Joyce Carol Oates</a> (1993)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Christopher Lee</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harlan_Ellison" title="Harlan Ellison">Harlan Ellison</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ira_Levin" title="Ira Levin">Ira Levin</a> / <a href="/wiki/Forrest_J_Ackerman" title="Forrest J Ackerman">Forrest J Ackerman</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Peter_Blatty" title="William Peter Blatty">William Peter Blatty</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jack_Williamson" title="Jack Williamson">Jack Williamson</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramsey_Campbell" title="Ramsey Campbell">Ramsey Campbell</a> / <a href="/wiki/Roger_Corman" title="Roger Corman">Roger Corman</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Gorey" title="Edward Gorey">Edward Gorey</a> / <a href="/wiki/Charles_L._Grant" title="Charles L. Grant">Charles L. Grant</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigel_Kneale" title="Nigel Kneale">Nigel Kneale</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Farris" title="John Farris">John Farris</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_King" title="Stephen King">Stephen King</a> / <a href="/wiki/J._N._Williamson" title="J. N. Williamson">J. N. Williamson</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_H._Greenberg" title="Martin H. Greenberg">Martin H. Greenberg</a> / <a href="/wiki/Anne_Rice" title="Anne Rice">Anne Rice</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Moorcock" title="Michael Moorcock">Michael Moorcock</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Straub" title="Peter Straub">Peter Straub</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Harris" title="Thomas Harris">Thomas Harris</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Carpenter" title="John Carpenter">John Carpenter</a> / <a href="/wiki/Robert_Weinberg_(author)" title="Robert Weinberg (author)">Robert Weinberg</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/F._Paul_Wilson" title="F. Paul Wilson">F. Paul Wilson</a> / <a href="/wiki/Chelsea_Quinn_Yarbro" title="Chelsea Quinn Yarbro">Chelsea Quinn Yarbro</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Lumley" title="Brian Lumley">Brian Lumley</a> / <a href="/wiki/William_F._Nolan" title="William F. Nolan">William F. Nolan</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellen_Datlow" title="Ellen Datlow">Ellen Datlow</a> / <a href="/wiki/Al_Feldstein" title="Al Feldstein">Al Feldstein</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rick_Hautala" title="Rick Hautala">Rick Hautala</a> / <a href="/wiki/Joe_R._Lansdale" title="Joe R. Lansdale">Joe R. Lansdale</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clive_Barker" title="Clive Barker">Clive Barker</a> / <a href="/wiki/Robert_McCammon" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert McCammon">Robert McCammon</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/R._L._Stine" title="R. L. Stine">R. L. Stine</a> / <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Jones_(author)" title="Stephen Jones (author)">Stephen Jones</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Ketchum" title="Jack Ketchum">Jack Ketchum</a> / <a href="/wiki/Tanith_Lee" title="Tanith Lee">Tanith Lee</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Moore" title="Alan Moore">Alan Moore</a> / <a href="/wiki/George_A._Romero" title="George A. Romero">George A. Romero</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Etchison" title="Dennis Etchison">Dennis Etchison</a> / <a href="/wiki/Thomas_F._Monteleone" title="Thomas F. Monteleone">Thomas F. Monteleone</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linda_Addison_(poet)" title="Linda Addison (poet)">Linda Addison</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graham_Masterton" title="Graham Masterton">Graham Masterton</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owl_Goingback" title="Owl Goingback">Owl Goingback</a> / <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Ligotti" title="Thomas Ligotti">Thomas Ligotti</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carol_J._Clover" title="Carol J. Clover">Carol J. Clover</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jewelle_Gomez" title="Jewelle Gomez">Jewelle Gomez</a> / <a href="/wiki/Marge_Simon" title="Marge Simon">Marge Simon</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quercus_(publisher)" title="Quercus (publisher)">Jo Fletcher</a> / <a href="/wiki/Nancy_Holder" title="Nancy Holder">Nancy Holder</a> / <a href="/wiki/Koji_Suzuki" title="Koji Suzuki">Koji Suzuki</a> (2021)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="BFI_Fellowship_recipients" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:British_Film_Institute_Fellowship" title="Template:British Film Institute Fellowship"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:British_Film_Institute_Fellowship" title="Template talk:British Film Institute Fellowship"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:British_Film_Institute_Fellowship" title="Special:EditPage/Template:British Film Institute Fellowship"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="BFI_Fellowship_recipients" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/British_Film_Institute_Fellowship" title="British Film Institute Fellowship">BFI Fellowship recipients</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marcel_Carn%C3%A9" title="Marcel Carné">Marcel Carné</a> / <a href="/wiki/David_Lean" title="David Lean">David Lean</a> / <a href="/wiki/Michael_Powell" title="Michael Powell">Michael Powell</a> / <a href="/wiki/Emeric_Pressburger" title="Emeric Pressburger">Emeric Pressburger</a> / <a href="/wiki/Satyajit_Ray" title="Satyajit Ray">Satyajit Ray</a> / <a href="/wiki/Orson_Welles" title="Orson Welles">Orson Welles</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Bernstein,_Baron_Bernstein" title="Sidney Bernstein, Baron Bernstein">Sidney Bernstein</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Knatchbull,_7th_Baron_Brabourne" title="John Knatchbull, 7th Baron Brabourne">John Brabourne</a> / <a href="/wiki/Laurence_Olivier" title="Laurence Olivier">Laurence Olivier</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Isaacs" title="Jeremy Isaacs">Jeremy Isaacs</a> / <a href="/wiki/Deborah_Kerr" title="Deborah Kerr">Deborah Kerr</a> / <a href="/wiki/Akira_Kurosawa" title="Akira Kurosawa">Akira Kurosawa</a> / <a href="/wiki/Dilys_Powell" title="Dilys Powell">Dilys Powell</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dirk_Bogarde" title="Dirk Bogarde">Dirk Bogarde</a> / <a href="/wiki/Bette_Davis" title="Bette Davis">Bette Davis</a> / <a href="/wiki/Elem_Klimov" title="Elem Klimov">Elem Klimov</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graham_Greene" title="Graham Greene">Graham Greene</a> / <a href="/wiki/Vanessa_Redgrave" title="Vanessa Redgrave">Vanessa Redgrave</a> / <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Smith_(producer)" title="Anthony Smith (producer)">Anthony Smith</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peggy_Ashcroft" title="Peggy Ashcroft">Peggy Ashcroft</a> / <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Depardieu" title="Gérard Depardieu">Gérard Depardieu</a> / <a href="/wiki/David_Francis_(film_archivist)" title="David Francis (film archivist)">David Francis</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derek_Jarman" title="Derek Jarman">Derek Jarman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Krzysztof_Kie%C5%9Blowski" title="Krzysztof Kieślowski">Krzysztof Kieślowski</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jeanne_Moreau" title="Jeanne Moreau">Jeanne Moreau</a> / <a href="/wiki/Fred_Zinnemann" title="Fred Zinnemann">Fred Zinnemann</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alec_Guinness" title="Alec Guinness">Alec Guinness</a> / <a href="/wiki/Leslie_Hardcastle" title="Leslie Hardcastle">Leslie Hardcastle</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Attenborough" title="Richard Attenborough">Richard Attenborough</a> / <a href="/wiki/Maggie_Smith" title="Maggie Smith">Maggie Smith</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clint_Eastwood" title="Clint Eastwood">Clint Eastwood</a> / <a href="/wiki/Denis_Forman" title="Denis Forman">Denis Forman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Maureen_O%27Hara" title="Maureen O'Hara">Maureen O'Hara</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Roeg" title="Nicolas Roeg">Nicolas Roeg</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jean_Simmons" title="Jean Simmons">Jean Simmons</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michelangelo_Antonioni" title="Michelangelo Antonioni">Michelangelo Antonioni</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Mills" title="John Mills">John Mills</a> / <a href="/wiki/Martin_Scorsese" title="Martin Scorsese">Martin Scorsese</a> / <a href="/wiki/Robert_Wise" title="Robert Wise">Robert Wise</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Caine" title="Michael Caine">Michael Caine</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ken_Loach" title="Ken Loach">Ken Loach</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Parkinson" title="Michael Parkinson">Michael Parkinson</a> / <a href="/wiki/Lynda_La_Plante" title="Lynda La Plante">Lynda La Plante</a> / <a href="/wiki/Verity_Lambert" title="Verity Lambert">Verity Lambert</a> / <a href="/wiki/David_Puttnam" title="David Puttnam">David Puttnam</a> / <a href="/wiki/Sydney_Samuelson" title="Sydney Samuelson">Sydney Samuelson</a> / <a href="/wiki/Thelma_Schoonmaker" title="Thelma Schoonmaker">Thelma Schoonmaker</a> / <a href="/wiki/Alan_Yentob" title="Alan Yentob">Alan Yentob</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernardo_Bertolucci" title="Bernardo Bertolucci">Bernardo Bertolucci</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Thomas" title="Jeremy Thomas">Jeremy Thomas</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Paul_Getty_Jr." title="John Paul Getty Jr.">John Paul Getty Jr.</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Taylor" title="Elizabeth Taylor">Elizabeth Taylor</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Altman" title="Robert Altman">Robert Altman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Lewis_Gilbert" title="Lewis Gilbert">Lewis Gilbert</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Cardiff" title="Jack Cardiff">Jack Cardiff</a> / <a href="/wiki/Bob_Weinstein" title="Bob Weinstein">Bob Weinstein</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abbas_Kiarostami" title="Abbas Kiarostami">Abbas Kiarostami</a> / <a href="/wiki/Mike_Leigh" title="Mike Leigh">Mike Leigh</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ousmane_Semb%C3%A8ne" title="Ousmane Sembène">Ousmane Sembène</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terence_Davies" title="Terence Davies">Terence Davies</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Souleymane_Ciss%C3%A9_(film_director)" title="Souleymane Cissé (film director)">Souleymane Cissé</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Hurt" title="John Hurt">John Hurt</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ridley_Scott" title="Ridley Scott">Ridley Scott</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danny_Boyle" title="Danny Boyle">Danny Boyle</a> / <a href="/wiki/David_Rose_(producer)" title="David Rose (producer)">David Rose</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabelle_Huppert" title="Isabelle Huppert">Isabelle Huppert</a> / <a href="/wiki/Judi_Dench" title="Judi Dench">Judi Dench</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Fiennes" title="Ralph Fiennes">Ralph Fiennes</a> / <a href="/wiki/David_Cronenberg" title="David Cronenberg">David Cronenberg</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bryan_Forbes" title="Bryan Forbes">Bryan Forbes</a> / <a href="/wiki/Helena_Bonham_Carter" title="Helena Bonham Carter">Helena Bonham Carter</a> / <a href="/wiki/Tim_Burton" title="Tim Burton">Tim Burton</a> / <a href="/wiki/Richard_Lester" title="Richard Lester">Richard Lester</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_French" title="Philip French">Philip French</a> / <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Christopher Lee</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Boorman" title="John Boorman">John Boorman</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Pacino" title="Al Pacino">Al Pacino</a> / <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Frears" title="Stephen Frears">Stephen Frears</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mel_Brooks" title="Mel Brooks">Mel Brooks</a> / <a href="/wiki/Cate_Blanchett" title="Cate Blanchett">Cate Blanchett</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Grant" title="Hugh Grant">Hugh Grant</a> / <a href="/wiki/Greg_Dyke" title="Greg Dyke">Greg Dyke</a> / <a href="/wiki/Steve_McQueen_(director)" title="Steve McQueen (director)">Steve McQueen</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Morgan" title="Peter Morgan">Peter Morgan</a> / <a href="/wiki/Paul_Greengrass" title="Paul Greengrass">Paul Greengrass</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olivia_Colman" title="Olivia Colman">Olivia Colman</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amanda_Nevill" title="Amanda Nevill">Amanda Nevill</a> / <a href="/wiki/Tilda_Swinton" title="Tilda Swinton">Tilda Swinton</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_G._Wilson" title="Michael G. Wilson">Michael G. Wilson</a> / <a href="/wiki/Barbara_Broccoli" title="Barbara Broccoli">Barbara Broccoli</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spike_Lee" title="Spike Lee">Spike Lee</a> (2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Life_Career_Award" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #6CC"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:The_Life_Career_Award" title="Template:The Life Career Award"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:The_Life_Career_Award" title="Template talk:The Life Career Award"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:The_Life_Career_Award" title="Special:EditPage/Template:The Life Career Award"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Life_Career_Award" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/The_Life_Career_Award" title="The Life Career Award">Life Career Award</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fritz_Lang" title="Fritz Lang">Fritz Lang</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Z._Arkoff" title="Samuel Z. Arkoff">Samuel Z. Arkoff</a> (1977)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Christopher Lee</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gene_Roddenberry" title="Gene Roddenberry">Gene Roddenberry</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Shatner" title="William Shatner">William Shatner</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Agar" title="John Agar">John Agar</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ray_Harryhausen" title="Ray Harryhausen">Ray Harryhausen</a> (1982)</li> <li>Martin B. Cohen (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincent_Price" title="Vincent Price">Vincent Price</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Nimoy" title="Leonard Nimoy">Leonard Nimoy</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Corman" title="Roger Corman">Roger Corman</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ray_Walston" title="Ray Walston">Ray Walston</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnold_Schwarzenegger" title="Arnold Schwarzenegger">Arnold Schwarzenegger</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Lynch" title="David Lynch">David Lynch</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Hitchcock" title="Alfred Hitchcock">Alfred Hitchcock</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Reeves" title="Steve Reeves">Steve Reeves</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whit_Bissell" title="Whit Bissell">Whit Bissell</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joel_Silver" title="Joel Silver">Joel Silver</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Fleischer" title="Richard Fleischer">Richard Fleischer</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sean_Connery" title="Sean Connery">Sean Connery</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wes_Craven" title="Wes Craven">Wes Craven</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_R._Broccoli" title="Albert R. Broccoli">Albert R. Broccoli</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_R._Pressman" title="Edward R. Pressman">Edward R. Pressman</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrison_Ford" title="Harrison Ford">Harrison Ford</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dino_De_Laurentiis" title="Dino De Laurentiis">Dino De Laurentiis</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Frankenheimer" title="John Frankenheimer">John Frankenheimer</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylvester_Stallone" title="Sylvester Stallone">Sylvester Stallone</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Coburn" title="James Coburn">James Coburn</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Karen" title="James Karen">James Karen</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Crichton" title="Michael Crichton">Michael Crichton</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathan_Juran" title="Nathan Juran">Nathan Juran</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dick_Van_Dyke" title="Dick Van Dyke">Dick Van Dyke</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Barris_(photographer)" title="George Barris (photographer)">George Barris</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Grazer" title="Brian Grazer">Brian Grazer</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Englund" title="Robert Englund">Robert Englund</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drew_Struzan" title="Drew Struzan">Drew Struzan</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stan_Lee" title="Stan Lee">Stan Lee</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurt_Russell" title="Kurt Russell">Kurt Russell</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sid_and_Marty_Krofft" title="Sid and Marty Krofft">Sid and Marty Krofft</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blake_Edwards" title="Blake Edwards">Blake Edwards</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_J._Cannell" title="Stephen J. Cannell">Stephen J. Cannell</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Rothman" title="Tom Rothman">Tom Rothman</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Halmi" title="Robert Halmi">Robert Halmi</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lance_Henriksen" title="Lance Henriksen">Lance Henriksen</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irvin_Kershner" title="Irvin Kershner">Irvin Kershner</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bert_I._Gordon" title="Bert I. Gordon">Bert Gordon</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Biehn" title="Michael Biehn">Michael Biehn</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Oz" title="Frank Oz">Frank Oz</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Remar" title="James Remar">James Remar</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Frakes" title="Jonathan Frakes">Jonathan Frakes</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malcolm_McDowell" title="Malcolm McDowell">Malcolm McDowell</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nichelle_Nichols" title="Nichelle Nichols">Nichelle Nichols</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_Majors" title="Lee Majors">Lee Majors</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Gruskoff" title="Michael Gruskoff">Michael Gruskoff</a> (2019/2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathryn_Leigh_Scott" title="Kathryn Leigh Scott">Kathryn Leigh Scott</a> (2021/2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jodie_Foster" title="Jodie Foster">Jodie Foster</a> (2022/2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="MTV_Movie_&amp;_TV_Award_for_Best_Fight" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:MTV_Movie_Award_for_Best_Fight" title="Template:MTV Movie Award for Best Fight"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:MTV_Movie_Award_for_Best_Fight" title="Template talk:MTV Movie Award for Best Fight"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:MTV_Movie_Award_for_Best_Fight" title="Special:EditPage/Template:MTV Movie Award for Best Fight"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="MTV_Movie_&amp;_TV_Award_for_Best_Fight" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/MTV_Movie_Award_for_Best_Fight" title="MTV Movie Award for Best Fight">MTV Movie & TV Award for Best Fight</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General (1996–2019, 2023–present)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Sandler" title="Adam Sandler">Adam Sandler</a> vs. <a href="/wiki/Bob_Barker" title="Bob Barker">Bob Barker</a> – <a href="/wiki/Happy_Gilmore" title="Happy Gilmore">Happy Gilmore</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairuza_Balk" title="Fairuza Balk">Fairuza Balk</a> vs. <a href="/wiki/Robin_Tunney" title="Robin Tunney">Robin Tunney</a> – <a href="/wiki/The_Craft_(film)" title="The Craft (film)">The Craft</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Will_Smith" title="Will Smith">Will Smith</a> vs. Cockroach – <a href="/wiki/Men_in_Black_(1997_film)" title="Men in Black (1997 film)">Men in Black</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Stiller" title="Ben Stiller">Ben Stiller</a> vs. Puffy the Dog – <a href="/wiki/There%27s_Something_About_Mary" title="There's Something About Mary">There's Something About Mary</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keanu_Reeves" title="Keanu Reeves">Keanu Reeves</a> vs. <a href="/wiki/Laurence_Fishburne" title="Laurence Fishburne">Laurence Fishburne</a> – <a href="/wiki/The_Matrix" title="The Matrix">The Matrix</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Ziyi" title="Zhang Ziyi">Zhang Ziyi</a> vs. Entire bar – <a href="/wiki/Crouching_Tiger,_Hidden_Dragon" title="Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon">Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackie_Chan" title="Jackie Chan">Jackie Chan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chris_Tucker" title="Chris Tucker">Chris Tucker</a> vs. Hong Kong gang – <a href="/wiki/Rush_Hour_2" title="Rush Hour 2">Rush Hour 2</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoda" title="Yoda">Yoda</a> vs. <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Christopher Lee</a> – <a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_Episode_II_%E2%80%93_Attack_of_the_Clones" title="Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones">Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uma_Thurman" title="Uma Thurman">Uma Thurman</a> vs. <a href="/wiki/Chiaki_Kuriyama" title="Chiaki Kuriyama">Chiaki Kuriyama</a> – <a href="/wiki/Kill_Bill:_Volume_1" title="Kill Bill: Volume 1">Kill Bill: Volume 1</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uma_Thurman" title="Uma Thurman">Uma Thurman</a> vs. <a href="/wiki/Daryl_Hannah" title="Daryl Hannah">Daryl Hannah</a> – <a href="/wiki/Kill_Bill:_Volume_2" title="Kill Bill: Volume 2">Kill Bill: Volume 2</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angelina_Jolie" title="Angelina Jolie">Angelina Jolie</a> vs. <a href="/wiki/Brad_Pitt" title="Brad Pitt">Brad Pitt</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mr._%26_Mrs._Smith_(2005_film)" title="Mr. & Mrs. Smith (2005 film)">Mr. & Mrs. Smith</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerard_Butler" title="Gerard Butler">Gerard Butler</a> vs. <a href="/wiki/Robert_Maillet" title="Robert Maillet">Robert Maillet</a> – <a href="/wiki/300_(film)" title="300 (film)">300</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sean_Faris" title="Sean Faris">Sean Faris</a> vs. <a href="/wiki/Cam_Gigandet" title="Cam Gigandet">Cam Gigandet</a> – <a href="/wiki/Never_Back_Down" title="Never Back Down">Never Back Down</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Pattinson" title="Robert Pattinson">Robert Pattinson</a> vs. <a href="/wiki/Cam_Gigandet" title="Cam Gigandet">Cam Gigandet</a> – <a href="/wiki/Twilight_(2008_film)" title="Twilight (2008 film)">Twilight</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beyonc%C3%A9" title="Beyoncé">Beyoncé Knowles</a> vs. <a href="/wiki/Ali_Larter" title="Ali Larter">Ali Larter</a> – <a href="/wiki/Obsessed_(2009_film)" title="Obsessed (2009 film)">Obsessed</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Pattinson" title="Robert Pattinson">Robert Pattinson</a> vs. <a href="/wiki/Bryce_Dallas_Howard" title="Bryce Dallas Howard">Bryce Dallas Howard</a> and <a href="/wiki/Xavier_Samuel" title="Xavier Samuel">Xavier Samuel</a> – <a href="/wiki/The_Twilight_Saga:_Eclipse" title="The Twilight Saga: Eclipse">The Twilight Saga: Eclipse</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Lawrence" title="Jennifer Lawrence">Jennifer Lawrence</a> and <a href="/wiki/Josh_Hutcherson" title="Josh Hutcherson">Josh Hutcherson</a> vs. <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Ludwig" title="Alexander Ludwig">Alexander Ludwig</a> – <a href="/wiki/The_Hunger_Games_(film)" title="The Hunger Games (film)">The Hunger Games</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Downey_Jr." title="Robert Downey Jr.">Robert Downey Jr.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chris_Evans_(actor)" title="Chris Evans (actor)">Chris Evans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mark_Ruffalo" title="Mark Ruffalo">Mark Ruffalo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chris_Hemsworth" title="Chris Hemsworth">Chris Hemsworth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scarlett_Johansson" title="Scarlett Johansson">Scarlett Johansson</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Renner" title="Jeremy Renner">Jeremy Renner</a> vs. <a href="/wiki/Tom_Hiddleston" title="Tom Hiddleston">Tom Hiddleston</a> – <a href="/wiki/The_Avengers_(2012_film)" title="The Avengers (2012 film)">The Avengers</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orlando_Bloom" title="Orlando Bloom">Orlando Bloom</a> and <a href="/wiki/Evangeline_Lilly" title="Evangeline Lilly">Evangeline Lilly</a> vs. Orcs – <a href="/wiki/The_Hobbit:_The_Desolation_of_Smaug" title="The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug">The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dylan_O%27Brien" title="Dylan O'Brien">Dylan O'Brien</a> vs. <a href="/wiki/Will_Poulter" title="Will Poulter">Will Poulter</a> – <a href="/wiki/The_Maze_Runner_(film)" title="The Maze Runner (film)">The Maze Runner</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryan_Reynolds" title="Ryan Reynolds">Ryan Reynolds</a> vs. <a href="/wiki/Ed_Skrein" title="Ed Skrein">Ed Skrein</a> – <a href="/wiki/Deadpool_(film)" title="Deadpool (film)">Deadpool</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gal_Gadot" title="Gal Gadot">Gal Gadot</a> vs. German soldiers – <a href="/wiki/Wonder_Woman_(2017_film)" title="Wonder Woman (2017 film)">Wonder Woman</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brie_Larson" title="Brie Larson">Brie Larson</a> vs. <a href="/wiki/Gemma_Chan" title="Gemma Chan">Gemma Chan</a> – <a href="/wiki/Captain_Marvel_(film)" title="Captain Marvel (film)">Captain Marvel</a> (2019)</li> <li>No Award (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Courteney_Cox" title="Courteney Cox">Courteney Cox</a> vs. <a href="/wiki/Ghostface_(Scream)" title="Ghostface (Scream)">Ghostface</a> – <a href="/wiki/Scream_VI" title="Scream VI">Scream VI</a> (2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Scripted (2021–2022)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Olsen" title="Elizabeth Olsen">Elizabeth Olsen</a> vs. <a href="/wiki/Kathryn_Hahn" title="Kathryn Hahn">Kathryn Hahn</a> – <a href="/wiki/WandaVision" title="WandaVision">WandaVision</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sydney_Sweeney" title="Sydney Sweeney">Sydney Sweeney</a> vs. <a href="/wiki/Alexa_Demie" title="Alexa Demie">Alexa Demie</a> – <a href="/wiki/Euphoria_(American_TV_series)" title="Euphoria (American TV series)">Euphoria</a> (2022)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unscripted (2021–2022)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kourtney_Kardashian" title="Kourtney Kardashian">Kourtney Kardashian</a> vs. <a href="/wiki/Kim_Kardashian" title="Kim Kardashian">Kim Kardashian</a> – <a href="/wiki/Keeping_Up_with_the_Kardashians" title="Keeping Up with the Kardashians">Keeping Up with the Kardashians</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosco_(drag_queen)" title="Bosco (drag queen)">Bosco</a> vs. <a href="/wiki/Lady_Camden" title="Lady Camden">Lady Camden</a> – <a href="/wiki/RuPaul%27s_Drag_Race" title="RuPaul's Drag Race">RuPaul's Drag Race</a> (2022)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1256394678">@media screen{.mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist-solo .navbox-title{background-color:#f0e68c}.mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist-non-vocal .navbox-title{background-color:#f4bf92}.mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist-non-perform .navbox-title{background-color:#bfe0bf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist-group .navbox-title{background-color:#b0c4de}.mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist-cover .navbox-title{background-color:#d8bfd8}.mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist-classical .navbox-title{background-color:#b0e0e6}.mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist-temp .navbox-title{background-color:#d3d3d3}.mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0)}html.skin-theme-clienpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist .navbox-title{background-color:inherit}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clienpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist .navbox-title{background-color:inherit}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox navbox-musical-artist navbox-musical-artist-group" aria-labelledby="Rhapsody_of_Fire" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks vcard hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Rhapsody_of_Fire" title="Template:Rhapsody of Fire"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Rhapsody_of_Fire" title="Template talk:Rhapsody of Fire"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Rhapsody_of_Fire" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Rhapsody of Fire"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Rhapsody_of_Fire" class="fn org" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Rhapsody_of_Fire" title="Rhapsody of Fire">Rhapsody of Fire</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alex_Staropoli" title="Alex Staropoli">Alex Staropoli</a></li> <li>Roberto De Micheli</li> <li>Alessandro Sala</li> <li>Giacomo Voli</li> <li>Paolo Marchesich</li></ul> <ul><li>Cristiano Adacher</li> <li>Andrea Furlan</li> <li>Daniele Carbonera</li> <li>Alessandro Lotta</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrice_Guers" title="Patrice Guers">Patrice Guers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luca_Turilli" title="Luca Turilli">Luca Turilli</a></li> <li>Tom Hess</li> <li>Oliver Holzwarth</li> <li>Alex Holzwarth</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fabio_Lione" title="Fabio Lione">Fabio Lione</a></li> <li>Manu Lotter</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Studio albums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Legendary_Tales" title="Legendary Tales">Legendary Tales</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symphony_of_Enchanted_Lands" title="Symphony of Enchanted Lands">Symphony of Enchanted Lands</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dawn_of_Victory" title="Dawn of Victory">Dawn of Victory</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rain_of_a_Thousand_Flames" title="Rain of a Thousand Flames">Rain of a Thousand Flames</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_of_the_Dragonflame" title="Power of the Dragonflame">Power of the Dragonflame</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symphony_of_Enchanted_Lands_II_%E2%80%93_The_Dark_Secret" title="Symphony of Enchanted Lands II – The Dark Secret">Symphony of Enchanted Lands II – The Dark Secret</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triumph_or_Agony" title="Triumph or Agony">Triumph or Agony</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Frozen_Tears_of_Angels" title="The Frozen Tears of Angels">The Frozen Tears of Angels</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/From_Chaos_to_Eternity" title="From Chaos to Eternity">From Chaos to Eternity</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dark_Wings_of_Steel" title="Dark Wings of Steel">Dark Wings of Steel</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Into_the_Legend" title="Into the Legend">Into the Legend</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Eighth_Mountain" title="The Eighth Mountain">The Eighth Mountain</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glory_for_Salvation" title="Glory for Salvation">Glory for Salvation</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Challenge_the_Wind" title="Challenge the Wind">Challenge the Wind</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">EPs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Cold_Embrace_of_Fear_%E2%80%93_A_Dark_Romantic_Symphony" title="The Cold Embrace of Fear – A Dark Romantic Symphony">The Cold Embrace of Fear – A Dark Romantic Symphony</a> (2010)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Live albums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Live_in_Canada_2005:_The_Dark_Secret" title="Live in Canada 2005: The Dark Secret">Live in Canada 2005: The Dark Secret</a> (2006)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Compilations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tales_from_the_Emerald_Sword_Saga" title="Tales from the Emerald Sword Saga">Tales from the Emerald Sword Saga</a> (2004)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Re-recording albums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Legendary_Years" title="Legendary Years">Legendary Years</a> (2017)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Singles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Magic_of_the_Wizard%27s_Dream" title="The Magic of the Wizard's Dream">The Magic of the Wizard's Dream</a>" (2005)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rhapsody_of_Fire_discography" title="Rhapsody of Fire discography">Discography</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Christopher Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luca_Turilli%27s_Rhapsody" title="Luca Turilli's Rhapsody">Luca Turilli's Rhapsody</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turilli_/_Lione_Rhapsody" title="Turilli / Lione Rhapsody">Turilli / Lione Rhapsody</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180338#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180338#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180338#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000122843808">ISNI</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/117661392">VIAF</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/13557/">FAST</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJxmHpWdCjm7tXhVgghmBP">WorldCat</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/119251930">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n50039700">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12213529t">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12213529t">BnF data</a></li><li>"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/UBOV094403">Italy</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35679693">Australia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=js20030220008&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1072873">Spain</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/1451646">Portugal</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p087223295">Netherlands</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90863316">Norway</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000346432&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/s5t7r0xnq3jzmz4g">Sweden</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810572944805606">Poland</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007330787905171">Israel</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058612519106706">Catalonia</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/547038ef-aaef-43db-86fe-29bf25c05712">MusicBrainz</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1039294">Trove</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd119251930.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/119251930">DDB</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/059405872">IdRef</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w62f96j0">SNAC</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Christopher_Lee&oldid=1260774454">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Christopher_Lee&oldid=1260774454</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1922_births" title="Category:1922 births">1922 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2015_deaths" title="Category:2015 deaths">2015 deaths</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_English_male_actors" title="Category:20th-century English male actors">20th-century English male actors</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:21st-century_English_male_actors" title="Category:21st-century English male actors">21st-century English male actors</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Actors_awarded_knighthoods" title="Category:Actors awarded knighthoods">Actors awarded knighthoods</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Actors_educated_at_Wellington_College,_Berkshire" title="Category:Actors educated at Wellington College, Berkshire">Actors educated at Wellington College, Berkshire</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Actors_from_the_City_of_Westminster" title="Category:Actors from the City of Westminster">Actors from the City of Westminster</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:BAFTA_fellows" title="Category:BAFTA fellows">BAFTA fellows</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:British_Home_Guard_soldiers" title="Category:British Home Guard soldiers">British Home Guard soldiers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:British_people_of_Italian_descent" title="Category:British people of Italian descent">British people of Italian descent</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:British_South_Africa_Police_officers" title="Category:British South Africa Police officers">British South Africa Police officers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:British_Special_Operations_Executive_personnel" title="Category:British Special Operations Executive personnel">British Special Operations Executive personnel</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Carandini_family" title="Category:Carandini family">Carandini family</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commanders_of_the_Order_of_St_John" title="Category:Commanders of the Order of St John">Commanders of the Order of St John</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commanders_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire" title="Category:Commanders of the Order of the British Empire">Commanders of the Order of the British Empire</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Deaths_from_congestive_heart_failure" title="Category:Deaths from congestive heart failure">Deaths from congestive heart failure</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Deaths_from_respiratory_failure" title="Category:Deaths from respiratory failure">Deaths from respiratory failure</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:English_Anglo-Catholics" title="Category:English Anglo-Catholics">English Anglo-Catholics</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:English_expatriate_male_actors_in_the_United_States" title="Category:English expatriate male actors in the United States">English expatriate male actors in the United States</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:English_heavy_metal_singers" title="Category:English heavy metal singers">English heavy metal singers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:English_male_film_actors" title="Category:English male film actors">English male film actors</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:English_male_singers" title="Category:English male singers">English male singers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:English_male_stage_actors" title="Category:English male stage actors">English male stage actors</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:English_male_television_actors" title="Category:English male television actors">English male television actors</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:English_male_video_game_actors" title="Category:English male video game actors">English male video game actors</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:English_male_voice_actors" title="Category:English male voice actors">English male voice actors</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:English_people_of_Italian_descent" title="Category:English people of Italian descent">English people of Italian descent</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:English_rock_singers" title="Category:English rock singers">English rock singers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Knights_Bachelor" title="Category:Knights Bachelor">Knights Bachelor</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Knights_of_the_Order_of_St_John" title="Category:Knights of the Order of St John">Knights of the Order of St John</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Male_actors_from_London" title="Category:Male actors from London">Male actors from London</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_personnel_from_the_City_of_Westminster" title="Category:Military personnel from the City of Westminster">Military personnel from the City of Westminster</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Officiers_of_the_Ordre_des_Arts_et_des_Lettres" title="Category:Officiers of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres">Officiers of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_educated_at_Summer_Fields_School" title="Category:People educated at Summer Fields School">People educated at Summer Fields School</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_from_Belgravia" title="Category:People from Belgravia">People from Belgravia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Royal_Air_Force_officers" title="Category:Royal Air Force officers">Royal Air Force officers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Royal_Air_Force_personnel_of_World_War_II" title="Category:Royal Air Force personnel of World War II">Royal Air Force personnel of World War II</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Volunteers_in_the_Winter_War" title="Category:Volunteers in the Winter War">Volunteers in the Winter War</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Finnish-language_sources_(fi)" title="Category:CS1 Finnish-language sources (fi)">CS1 Finnish-language sources (fi)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_containing_London_Gazette_template_with_parameter_supp_set_to_y" title="Category:Pages containing London Gazette template with parameter supp set to y">Pages containing London Gazette template with parameter supp set to y</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_German-language_sources_(de)" title="Category:CS1 German-language sources (de)">CS1 German-language sources (de)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Good_articles" title="Category:Good articles">Good articles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_British_English_from_November_2024" title="Category:Use British English from November 2024">Use British English from November 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_November_2024" title="Category:Use dmy dates from November 2024">Use dmy dates from November 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_hCards" title="Category:Articles with hCards">Articles with hCards</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_infobox_military_person_with_embed" title="Category:Pages using infobox military person with embed">Pages using infobox military person with embed</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Biography_with_signature" title="Category:Biography with signature">Biography with signature</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link from Wikidata">Commons category link from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:TCMDb_name_template_using_non-numeric_ID_from_Wikidata" title="Category:TCMDb name template using non-numeric ID from Wikidata">TCMDb name template using non-numeric ID from Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 2 December 2024, at 15:37 (UTC).</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Christopher_Lee&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-79d9bc49cc-pvskh","wgBackendResponseTime":173,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"2.449","walltime":"2.818","ppvisitednodes":{"value":22309,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":438177,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":71666,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":22,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":8,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":596065,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 2356.430 1 -total"," 37.11% 874.425 1 Template:Reflist"," 16.89% 397.886 1 Template:Infobox_person"," 13.80% 325.145 47 Template:Cite_web"," 11.59% 273.210 75 Template:Sfn"," 10.95% 257.930 55 Template:Cite_news"," 5.35% 126.149 20 Template:Pluralize_from_text"," 4.55% 107.156 10 Template:Br_separated_entries"," 4.19% 98.681 2 Template:Short_description"," 4.17% 98.229 1 Template:Navboxes"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"1.348","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":15198886,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"table#1 {\n}\n\"\"\nanchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFBarrett2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCartner-MorleyMirrenHuffingtonAmos2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChild2015\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFClarke2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDarvell2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDuncan2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFarndale2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFarndale2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFerris2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGander2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGillis2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGore2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHaining1992\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHamilton2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHardy\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHearnBarnes2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIkola2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJackson\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJohnsonMiller2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLandis2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLee\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLee2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLee2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLeggett2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLindrea2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLindsay2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMaltin1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcCarrick2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNewman2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOrjala2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPaul2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPaul2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPohleHartBaldwin2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPrepolec2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRichards2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRosser2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSmith2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSmith2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStevens2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThe_Tolkien_Ensemble2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThomas\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThompson\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTilakaratne2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTolkienLee2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTrumbore2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVejvoda2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWalker2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWeichmann\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWelsh2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWilliams2015\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"AFI person\"] = 1,\n [\"AllMovie name\"] = 1,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"BAFTA Academy Fellowship Award\"] = 1,\n [\"Birth date\"] = 1,\n [\"Blockquote\"] = 4,\n [\"Bram Stoker Award for Lifetime Achievement\"] = 1,\n [\"British Film Institute Fellowship\"] = 1,\n [\"Cbignore\"] = 3,\n [\"Christopher Lee sidebar\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite AV media\"] = 3,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 18,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite magazine\"] = 7,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 55,\n [\"Cite video\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 47,\n [\"Col-2\"] = 2,\n [\"Col-begin\"] = 1,\n [\"Col-end\"] = 1,\n [\"Commons category\"] = 1,\n [\"Convert\"] = 2,\n [\"DEFAULTSORT:Lee, Christopher\"] = 1,\n [\"Death date and age\"] = 1,\n [\"Div col\"] = 1,\n [\"Div col end\"] = 1,\n [\"Flatlist\"] = 2,\n [\"Good article\"] = 1,\n [\"IMDb name\"] = 1,\n [\"Inflation\"] = 2,\n [\"Infobox military person\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox musical artist\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox person\"] = 1,\n [\"London Gazette\"] = 5,\n [\"MTV Movie Award for Best Fight\"] = 1,\n [\"Main\"] = 1,\n [\"Marriage\"] = 1,\n [\"NPG name\"] = 1,\n [\"Navboxes\"] = 1,\n [\"Other people\"] = 1,\n [\"Plainlist\"] = 3,\n [\"Post-nominals\"] = 2,\n [\"Quote box\"] = 2,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Rhapsody of Fire\"] = 1,\n [\"Screenonline name\"] = 1,\n [\"See also\"] = 1,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 75,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"TCMDb name\"] = 1,\n [\"The Life Career Award\"] = 1,\n [\"Toc limit\"] = 1,\n [\"Tree list\"] = 1,\n [\"Tree list/end\"] = 1,\n [\"Use British English\"] = 1,\n [\"Use dmy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"Webarchive\"] = 3,\n [\"Wikiquote\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\nciteref_patterns = table#1 {\n \"Gazette%d+\",\n}\n","limitreport-profile":[["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","360","22.8"],["?","320","20.3"],["dataWrapper \u003Cmw.lua:672\u003E","160","10.1"],["recursiveClone \u003CmwInit.lua:45\u003E","120","7.6"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::find","100","6.3"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getExpandedArgument","80","5.1"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::gsub","60","3.8"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getEntity","40","2.5"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getExpensiveData","40","2.5"],["gsub","40","2.5"],["[others]","260","16.5"]]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-79d9bc49cc-vb765","timestamp":"20241203024436","ttl":2495731,"transientcontent":true}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Christopher Lee","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Christopher_Lee","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q180338","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q180338","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2002-05-26T08:47:07Z","dateModified":"2024-12-02T15:37:40Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/9\/9b\/Christopher_Lee_2009.jpg","headline":"English actor and singer (1922\u20132015)"}</script> </body> </html>