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Michel Serres a une formation \u00e0 la fois scientifique et philosophique. N\u00e9 \u00e0 Agen le 1 er \u00a0septembre 1930, il entre \u00e0 l'\u00c9cole navale en 1949 et \u00e0 l'\u00c9cole normale sup\u00e9rieure en 1952. Agr\u00e9g\u00e9 de l'Universit\u00e9 et docteur en philosophie , il sert comme officier de marine sur divers vaisseaux de la Marine nationale, avant d'enseigner \u00e0 Clermont-Ferrand, Vincennes, Paris-I et Stanford University. Il est \u00e9lu \u00e0 l'Acad\u00e9mie fran\u00e7aise en 1990. 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Une pensée de l'hétérogène </a> </li> <li class="list-group-item "> <a class="d-block" title="SERRES MICHEL (1930-2019), Vers une autre rationalité" href="/encyclopedie/michel-serres/2-vers-une-autre-rationalite/"> 2. Vers une autre rationalité </a> </li> <li class="list-group-item "> <a class="d-block" title="SERRES MICHEL (1930-2019), Bibliographie" href="/encyclopedie/michel-serres/3-bibliographie/"> 3. Bibliographie </a> </li> </ul> <button class="btn btn-sm btn-universalis" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#free-toc" aria-expanded="false" title="Afficher / masquer le sommaire"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="fa fa-fw fa-eye"></i> Sommaire </button> </div> <h1 class="mb-1"> <strong>SERRES </strong><span class="pc">MICHEL </span><span class="label-sub"> (1930-2019)</span> </h1> <ul class="pagination justify-content-center public-links "><li class="page-item active"><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 1" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">1</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 2" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">2</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 3" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">3</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 4" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">4</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 5" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">5</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 6" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">6</a></li></ul><div class="content paged type-biographie" ><div class="block_1" data-ucode="yC072811_0"><i class="anchor" id="yC072811_0"></i><div class="clearfix"></div><div class="media-container float-md-start me-2 col-md-3 text-center"><figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"><a data-ucode="PH190240" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Michel Serres" href="/media/michel-serres-ph190240/"><img id="PH190240" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/0/f/csm_ph190240_7e10d33f45.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Michel Serres - crédits : Ulf Andersen/ Getty Images" data-description="Dans la lignée de Leibniz mais aussi de Bachelard, Michel Serres développe avec générosité une pensée de la « rêveuse matière ». La philosophie se fait ici mouvement capable de saisir dans toutes ses inflexions les métamorphoses du monde." data-copyright="Ulf Andersen/ Getty Images" width="1024" height="834" /></a><figcaption class="figure-caption"><p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Michel Serres </p><p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Ulf Andersen/ Getty Images </p></figcaption></figure></div><p>Michel Serres a une formation à la fois scientifique et philosophique. Né à Agen le 1<sup>er</sup> septembre 1930, il entre à l'École navale en 1949 et à l'École normale supérieure en 1952. Agrégé de l'Université et docteur en <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Nul ne se demande « pourquoi des mathématiciens ? », dès lors que les mathématiques sont reconnues comme science. Mais « pourquoi des philosophes ? » ne revient pas à la question beaucoup plus classique « pourquoi la philosophie ? » à laquelle il est habituellement répondu par quelques variations sur un thème aristotélicien : argumenter contre une philosophie est encore phi..." title="Article : PHILOSOPHIE" href="/encyclopedie/philosophie/">philosophie</a>, il sert comme officier de marine sur divers vaisseaux de la Marine nationale, avant d'enseigner à Clermont-Ferrand, Vincennes, Paris-I et Stanford University. Il est élu à l'Académie française en 1990. Dans sa diversité et sa générosité, toute son œuvre tend à une conciliation des savoirs disjoints, science et philosophie, sans laquelle notre réel ne saurait être appréhendé.</p><div class="clearfix"></div></div><div class="block_1" data-ucode="yC072811_1"><i class="anchor" id="yC072811_1"></i><h2>Une pensée de l'hétérogène</h2><p>Ouvrant le cloisonnement entre lettres et sciences, Michel Serres stigmatise, en ce sens, la visée traditionnelle de l'épistémologie ; car elle en ratifie la rupture en se faisant pont. Son œuvre est une théorie du local et de l'objet : aux antipodes du commentaire. Il calcule l'hétérogène de toute trouvaille, il décrit la <em>tuchè</em> comme stabilité rare et morphogenèse, il oppose le rare et l'exception, rencontre Jacques Monod et René Thom ; il parle de thermodynamique et de système, de Carnot, certes, mais aussi de Bergson et de Prigogine : théorie des flux et des systèmes ouverts. La primauté, sans cesse remise en œuvre, du parcours sur le discours conduit alors son projet d'une nouvelle situation de l'encyclopédie jusqu'au point où s'y aperçoivent d'archaïques violences que seule, peut-être, une théorie généralisée du local et de l'objet peut détourner de leur cours proliférant.</p><p>« À travers des régions fort éloignées circule souvent un rapport souterrain que l'intuition n'atteint pas, ni la connaissance immédiate, ni même le savoir discursif, mais que parfois saisit un <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Au sens moderne la formalisation est la présentation des théories scientifiques – et, en premier lieu sinon exclusivement, des mathématiques – dans le cadre d'un système formel , permettant de caractériser sans ambiguïté les expressions du langage et les règles de démonstration recevables.. On aurait tort de considérer pour autant que l'importance scientifique de la formalisation se..." title="Article : FORMALISME" href="/encyclopedie/formalisme/">formalisme</a> pur et affiné... L'aptitude au divers est proportionnelle à la pureté initiale », écrit-il dans <em>Le Système de Leibniz et ses modèles mathématiques</em> (thèse d'État, 1968). Cela ne veut pas dire que la mathématique soit l'organon pur, le modèle de référence, l'index d'une hiérarchie encyclopédique ; au contraire, « les problèmes de systématicité, dit-il, se posent pour les mathématiques <em>comme</em> ils se posent pour l'ensemble du système leibnizien ». Cela implique que la formalisation n'a pas de champ originel de droit, même si elle a forme mathématique, mais qu'elle se fait localement, à des points d'inscription de l'incomplétude des systèmes formels (théorèmes de Gödel), points de crise où les substitutions violentes de la barbarie la plus archaïque ont chance de s'échanger contre des langages aux éléments combinables.</p><p>Réseaux, points, étoiles : Hermès, dieu des carrefours, des voyages, des échanges, est le dieu tutélaire d'une série de livres : <em>Hermès I. La Communication</em>, 1969 ; <em>Hermès II. L'Interférence</em>, 1972 ; <em>Hermès III. La Traduction</em>, 1974 ; <em>Hermès IV. La Distribution</em>, 1977. Le parcours constitue le discours, la navigation est transverse et fondamentalement commerçante : d'emblée, lieu, langage et objet ont partie liée. « Qu'est-ce que l'objet en général ? Un message en nuage, plus des transports sur des réseaux entrelacés de communication. Tout se passe comme si le hasard, puisqu'il faut dire un nom, était la matière même que telle forme multiplie, répète ou distribue... Qui es-tu ?... un morceau de bruit souvenu. » De la série des Hermès se détachent : <em>Jouvences sur Jules Verne</em>, 1974 (un auteur de prédilection, auquel Serres reviendra dans <em>Jules Verne : la science et l'homme contemporain</em>, 2002) ; <em>Feux et signaux de brume, Zola</em>, 1975 ; <em>Auguste Comte, cours de philosophie positive </em>(introduction et établissement du texte), 1975 ; <em>Esthétiques sur Carpaccio</em>, 1975. Éclectisme ? Lisons plutôt : « Ce puits<a href="javascript:" title="Lire la suite" class="read-more ms-1">[...]</a></p></div><div class="clearfix"></div></div><ul class="pagination justify-content-center public-links "><li class="page-item active"><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 1" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">1</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 2" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">2</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 3" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">3</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 4" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">4</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 5" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">5</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 6" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">6</a></li></ul><div class="folio-block"><p class="folio-block-title text-center text-uc"><strong>La suite de cet article est accessible aux abonnés</strong></p><ul class="list-unstyled"><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-check-circle"></i> Des contenus variés, complets et fiables</li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-check-circle"></i> Accessible sur tous les écrans</li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-check-circle"></i> Pas de publicité</li></ul><p class="text-center"><a href="/abonnement/" class="btn btn-cta text-uc" id="folio-button" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="Block bottom">Découvrez nos offres </a></p><p class="text-center text-sm"> Déjà abonné ? <a href="/identification/" id="folio-login">Se connecter</a></p></div><div id="ad_mpuslot" class="pub-container text-center"><div class="pub-placeholder"></div></div><section class="mt-3 mb-5"><i class="anchor" id="C072811_AUTHORS"></i><p class="title-minor">Écrit par</p><ul class="list-group"><li class="list-group-item" data-dc-author="RABANT, Christiane"><a title="Auteur : Christiane RABANT" rel="author" href="/auteurs/christiane-rabant/"><strong>Christiane RABANT</strong></a> : ancienne élève de l'École normale supérieure, agrégée de philosophie, psychanalyste </li></ul></section><section class="mb-5"><div class="text-center mb-3 d-print-none"><a class="d-inline-flex flex-row justify-content-center align-items-center btn btn-light btn-large text-start" title="Carte mentale : SERRES MICHEL (1930-2019)" href="/carte-mentale/michel-serres/"><i class="fa fa-sitemap fa-rotate-270 me-1 fs-1 text-universalis"></i><p class="m-0"><strong class="fs-4">Carte mentale</strong><br /> Élargissez votre recherche dans Universalis </p></a></div></section> <section class="mb-5 article-classification" data-print-label="la classification" data-print-target=".article-classification"> <i class="anchor" id="yC072811_ROOT_LINES"></i> <p class="title-minor">Classification</p> <nav aria-label="Classification 1"> <ol class="breadcrumb"> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a title="Classification : Philosophie" href="/classification/philosophie/"> Philosophie </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a title="Classification : Philosophes" href="/classification/philosophie/philosophes/"> Philosophes </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumb-item active" data-dc-subject="Philosophes, xxe s. et xxie s., depuis 1945"> <a title="Classification : Philosophes, xxe s. et xxie s., depuis 1945" href="/classification/philosophie/philosophes/philosophes-xxe-s-et-xxie-s-depuis-1945/"> Philosophes, <span class="pc">xx</span><sup>e</sup> s. et <span class="pc">xxi</span><sup>e</sup> s., depuis 1945 </a> </li> </ol> </nav> </section> <section class="mb-5 d-print-none"> <i class="anchor" id="yC072811_MEDIAS"></i> <p class="title-minor">Média</p> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12 col-md-12 text-center p-1"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="PH190240" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Michel Serres" href="/media/michel-serres-ph190240/"> <img id="PH190240" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/0/f/csm_ph190240_7e10d33f45.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Michel Serres - crédits : Ulf Andersen/ Getty Images" data-description="Dans la lignée de Leibniz mais aussi de Bachelard, Michel Serres développe avec générosité une pensée de la « rêveuse matière ». La philosophie se fait ici mouvement capable de saisir dans toutes ses inflexions les métamorphoses du monde." data-copyright="Ulf Andersen/ Getty Images" width="1024" height="834" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Michel Serres </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Ulf Andersen/ Getty Images </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> </section> <section class="mb-5 d-print-none learn-more"> <i class="anchor" id="yC072811_REFERENCES"></i> <p class="title-minor">Autres références</p> <ul class="list-group"> <li class="list-group-item"> <li class="list-group-item"> <h3 class="fs-5 m-0 mt-1"> <a href="/encyclopedie/le-contrat-naturel/"> <span class="rg">LE CONTRAT NATUREL, </span><span class="rm">Michel Serres - Fiche de lecture</span> </a> </h3> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-1 text-muted"> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">Écrit par <span rel="author">Philippe GRANAROLO</span> </li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">1 358 mots</li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">1 média </li> </ul> <div class="d-none d-md-inline-block float-start me-3"> <a class="protected" title="Article : LE CONTRAT NATUREL, Michel Serres - Fiche de lecture" href="/encyclopedie/le-contrat-naturel/"> <img class="rounded shadow" loading="lazy" alt="Michel Serres - crédits : Ulf Andersen/ Getty Images" width="125" height="125" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/0/f/csm_ph190240_849397eba7.webp"/> </a> </div> <div class="snippet-content mt-3"> <p>Auteur d’ouvrages novateurs dans les domaines de la <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Nul ne se demande « pourquoi des mathématiciens ? », dès lors que les mathématiques sont reconnues comme science. Mais « pourquoi des philosophes ? » ne revient pas à la question beaucoup plus classique « pourquoi la philosophie ? » à laquelle il est habituellement répondu par quelques variations sur un thème aristotélicien : argumenter contre une philosophie est encore phi..." title="Article : PHILOSOPHIE" href="/encyclopedie/philosophie/">philosophie</a> des sciences et de la communication, <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Biographie de MICHEL SERRES (1930-2019). Michel Serres a une formation à la fois scientifique et philosophique. Né à Agen le 1 er septembre 1930, il entre à l'École navale en 1949 et à l'École normale supérieure en 1952. Agrégé de l'Université et docteur en philosophie , il sert comme officier de marine sur divers vaisseaux de la Marine nationale, avant d'enseigner à Clermont-Ferr..." title="Article : MICHEL SERRES (1930-2019)" href="/encyclopedie/michel-serres/">Michel Serres</a> (1930-2019) a publié en 1990 <em>Le</em><em> C</em><em>ontrat naturel</em>, un essai qui a surpris certains de ses lecteurs. </p><p>Si l’on était en présence d’un manifeste écologique (mais le mot « écologie » est...</p> </div> </li> </li> <li class="list-group-item"> <h3 class="fs-5 m-0 mt-1"> <a href="/encyclopedie/individu/#c84669"> <span class="rg">INDIVIDU</span> </a> </h3> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-1 text-muted"> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">Écrit par <span rel="author">Catherine CLÉMENT</span> </li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">4 620 mots</li> </ul> <div class="snippet-content mt-3"> C'est ce dernier point qui permet à Michel Serres de renverser la problématique habituelle à la détermination de l'individu, et dont on a vu un modèle parfait avec la systématique hégélienne : au lieu que l'individu soit l'élément particulier d'une totalité donnée au principe comme fondamentale et causale,... </div> </li> <li class="list-group-item"> <h3 class="fs-5 m-0 mt-1"> <a href="/encyclopedie/progres/#c84669"> <span class="rg">PROGRÈS</span> </a> </h3> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-1 text-muted"> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">Écrit par <span rel="author">Bernard VALADE</span> </li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">8 628 mots</li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">2 médias </li> </ul> <div class="d-none d-md-inline-block float-start me-3"> <a class="protected" title="Article : PROGR&Egrave;S" href="/encyclopedie/progres/"> <img class="rounded shadow" loading="lazy" alt="G.W. Leibniz - crédits : Photos.com/ Jupiterimages" width="125" height="125" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/9/9/csm_ph131112_5f114a4479.webp"/> </a> </div> <div class="snippet-content mt-3"> ...de mouvements partiels, d'avances, de reculs, d'équilibres. Sans imposer une vision de l'histoire, sa combinatoire explore formellement une <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Nous reconnaissons un tout quand une multiplicité d'objets – ou, dans une continuité homogène, une multiplicité de points ou d'éléments – forme une unité ou entre, sans résidu, sous un acte unique de la pensée. Ce par quoi le tout est un tout, la totalité, s'emploie aussi comme synonyme du tout.. Les notions du tout et de la totalité sont impliquées dans toute pensée et dans tout..." title="Article : TOTALITÉ" href="/encyclopedie/totalite/">totalité</a>. <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Biographie de MICHEL SERRES (1930-2019). Michel Serres a une formation à la fois scientifique et philosophique. Né à Agen le 1 er septembre 1930, il entre à l'École navale en 1949 et à l'École normale supérieure en 1952. Agrégé de l'Université et docteur en philosophie , il sert comme officier de marine sur divers vaisseaux de la Marine nationale, avant d'enseigner à Clermont-Ferr..." title="Article : MICHEL SERRES (1930-2019)" href="/encyclopedie/michel-serres/">Michel Serres</a> l'a remarqué avec beaucoup de justesse dans son admirable travail sur <em>Le Système de Leibniz et ses modèles mathématiques</em> : de l'éternel... </div> </li> <li class="list-group-item"> <h3 class="fs-5 m-0 mt-1"> <a href="/encyclopedie/structuralisme/#c84669"> <span class="rg">STRUCTURALISME</span> </a> </h3> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-1 text-muted"> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">Écrit par <span rel="author">Jean-Louis CHISS</span> , <span rel="author">Michel IZARD</span> et <span rel="author">Christian PUECH</span> </li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">24 054 mots</li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">2 médias </li> </ul> <div class="d-none d-md-inline-block float-start me-3"> <a class="protected" title="Article : STRUCTURALISME" href="/encyclopedie/structuralisme/"> <img class="rounded shadow" loading="lazy" alt="Ernst Cassirer - crédits : ullstein bild/ Getty Images" width="125" height="125" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/5/7/csm_ph040041_30979fbd51.webp"/> </a> </div> <div class="snippet-content mt-3"> ...transcendantales de donation de sens originaires, mais en la mise en crise systématique ou stratégique de la signification sous l'égide du Signifiant. Sous sa forme la plus systématisée, en même temps sans doute que la plus positive, la thématisation par Serres de la communication sous le signe d'Hermès... </div> </li> </ul> </section> </div> <div class="col-lg-4 col-xl-3 px-0 d-none d-lg-block side-bar position-relative"> <div id="ad_rightslot" class="pub-container text-center"> <div class="pub-placeholder"></div> </div> <div id="ad_rightslot2" class="pub-container text-center"> <div class="pub-placeholder"></div> </div> <a class="wrapper cta" href="/abonnement" title="Abonnez-vous à Universalis pour 1 euro" data-matomo-category="CTA" data-matomo-name="Clic" data-matomo-value="Col right"> <img src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/b/6/csm_abo-3_f303c484f7.webp" class="full-height" loading="lazy" width="290" height="476" alt="Abonnez-vous à Universalis pour 1 euro"> </a> <div id="newsletter_subscription" class="wrapper p-3"> <p class="fs-3 fw-bold text-center text-light mb-1">Rejoignez-nous</p> <p class="text-center"> Inscrivez-vous à notre <strong>newsletter</strong></p> <div class="input-group mb-3"> <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="votre email"> <div class="input-group-append"> <button id="newsletter_subscription_button" class="btn btn-primary text-uppercase" type="button"> <strong>S'inscrire</strong></button> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </main> <div id="bandeau-footer"> <div class="container"> <p><a href="/abonnement" title="Abonnez-vous à Universalis pour 1 euro">Accédez à l'intégralité d'Universalis.fr <strong>sans publicité</strong></a></p> </div> </div> <footer class="container footer text-center d-print-none"> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-2"> <li class="list-inline-item"> <a href="http://www.encyclopaedia-universalis.fr/" title="Encyclopædia Universalis" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Encyclopædia Universalis </a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item"> <a href="https://www.encyclopaedia-universalis.fr/nous-contacter/infos/" title="Contactez-nous" rel="noopener nofollow" target="_blank">Contact</a></li> <li class="list-inline-item"> <a title="Mentions légales" rel="nofollow" href="/mentions-legales/">Mentions légales et politique de confidentialité</a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item"> <a href="https://abonnement.universalis.fr/typo3conf/ext/mailer/Resources/Public/Pdf/cgv.pdf" rel="noopener nofollow" target="_blank" title="Conditions générales de vente">CGV</a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item d-none d-md-inline-block"> <a href="javascript:" id="rgpd" rel="nofollow" title="Consentement RGPD">RGPD</a> </li> </ul> <p class="mb-2">Consulter le <a title="Dictionnaire de l'Encyclopædia Universalis" href="/dictionnaire/"> dictionnaire de l'Encyclopædia Universalis </a> </p> <p class="mb-3">© 2024 Encyclopædia Universalis France. 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