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id="toc-Early_years_(1966–1986)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_years_(1966–1986)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Early years (1966–1986)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_years_(1966–1986)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Purple_cabinets_and_demise_(1986–2006)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Purple_cabinets_and_demise_(1986–2006)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Purple cabinets and demise (1986–2006)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Purple_cabinets_and_demise_(1986–2006)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pechtold_leadership_(2006–2016)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pechtold_leadership_(2006–2016)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Pechtold leadership (2006–2016)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pechtold_leadership_(2006–2016)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kaag_and_Jetten_leadership_(2018–present)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kaag_and_Jetten_leadership_(2018–present)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Kaag and Jetten leadership (2018–present)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kaag_and_Jetten_leadership_(2018–present)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ideology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ideology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Ideology</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Ideology-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Ideology subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Ideology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Factions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Factions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Factions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Factions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Radical_democrats" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Radical_democrats"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1</span> <span>Radical democrats</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Radical_democrats-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Progressive_liberals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Progressive_liberals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.2</span> <span>Progressive liberals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Progressive_liberals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Positions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Positions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Positions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Positions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Electorate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Electorate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Electorate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Electorate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Election_results" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Election_results"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Election results</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Election_results-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Election results subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Election_results-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-House_of_Representatives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#House_of_Representatives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>House of Representatives</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-House_of_Representatives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Senate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Senate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Senate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Senate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-European_Parliament" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#European_Parliament"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>European Parliament</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-European_Parliament-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Organisation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organisation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Organisation</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Organisation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Organisation subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Organisation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Name_and_logo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Name_and_logo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Name and logo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Name_and_logo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Structure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Structure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Structure</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Structure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Leadership" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Leadership"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Leadership</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Leadership-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Chairpersons" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chairpersons"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3.1</span> <span>Chairpersons</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chairpersons-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Parliamentary_leaders" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parliamentary_leaders"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3.2</span> <span>Parliamentary leaders</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parliamentary_leaders-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Linked_organisations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Linked_organisations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Linked organisations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Linked_organisations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_affiliation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_affiliation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>International affiliation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International_affiliation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-European_Parliament_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#European_Parliament_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5.1</span> <span>European Parliament</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-European_Parliament_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Committee_of_the_Regions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Committee_of_the_Regions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5.2</span> <span>Committee of the Regions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Committee_of_the_Regions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Water_board" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Water_board"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.6</span> <span>Water board</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Water_board-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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Available in 40 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-40" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">40 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demokrate_66" title="Demokrate 66 – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Demokrate 66" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B2%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%86_66" title="حزب الديمقراطيين 66 – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حزب الديمقراطيين 66" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democraten_66" title="Democraten 66 – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Democraten 66" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8D%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B_66" title="Дэмакраты 66 – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Дэмакраты 66" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dem%C3%B2crates_66" title="Demòcrates 66 – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Demòcrates 66" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demokrat%C3%A9_66" title="Demokraté 66 – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Demokraté 66" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democraten_66" title="Democraten 66 – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Democraten 66" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demokraadid_66" title="Demokraadid 66 – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Demokraadid 66" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%94%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%BF%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%AC%CF%84%CE%B5%CF%82_66" title="Δημοκράτες 66 – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Δημοκράτες 66" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dem%C3%B3cratas_66" title="Demócratas 66 – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Demócratas 66" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demokratoj_66" title="Demokratoj 66 – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Demokratoj 66" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9mocrates_66" title="Démocrates 66 – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Démocrates 66" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demokraten_66" title="Demokraten 66 – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Demokraten 66" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AF%BC%EC%A3%BC66" title="민주66 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="민주66" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demokrat_66" title="Demokrat 66 – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Demokrat 66" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratici_66" title="Democratici 66 – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Democratici 66" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%98%D7%99%D7%9D_66" title="דמוקרטים 66 – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="דמוקרטים 66" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%99%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98_66" title="დემოკრატები 66 – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="დემოკრატები 66" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democraten_66" title="Democraten 66 – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Democraten 66" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/66-os_Demokrat%C3%A1k" title="66-os Demokraták – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="66-os Demokraták" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democraten_66" title="Democraten 66 – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Democraten 66" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democraten_66" title="Democraten 66 – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Democraten 66" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB66" title="民主66 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="民主66" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democraten_66" title="Democraten 66 – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Democraten 66" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democraten_66" title="Democraten 66 – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Democraten 66" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/D66" title="D66 – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="D66" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democraten_66" title="Democraten 66 – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Democraten 66" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demokraci_66" title="Demokraci 66 – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Demokraci 66" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratas_66" title="Democratas 66 – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Democratas 66" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democra%C8%9Bii_66" title="Democrații 66 – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Democrații 66" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B_66" title="Демократы 66 – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Демократы 66" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democrats_66" title="Democrats 66 – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Democrats 66" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demokrati_66" title="Demokrati 66 – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Demokrati 66" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demokraatit_66" title="Demokraatit 66 – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Demokraatit 66" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demokraterna_66" title="Demokraterna 66 – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Demokraterna 66" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%8C_66" title="ประชาธิปัตย์ 66 – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ประชาธิปัตย์ 66" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demokratlar_66" title="Demokratlar 66 – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Demokratlar 66" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8_66" title="Демократи 66 – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Демократи 66" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democraoten_66" title="Democraoten 66 – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Democraoten 66" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB66" title="民主66 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="民主66" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q747910#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs 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.infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 125%;"><div style="padding-top:0.3em; padding-bottom:0.3em; border-top:2px solid #00AE41; border-bottom:2px solid #00AE41; line-height: 1;"><div class="fn org">Democrats 66</div> <div style="font-size: 0.8em; padding-top:0.3em;" class="nickname">Democraten 66</div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo" style="padding-top:.4em;padding-bottom:.3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:D66_logo_(2019%E2%80%93present).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/D66_logo_%282019%E2%80%93present%29.svg/175px-D66_logo_%282019%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="175" height="116" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/D66_logo_%282019%E2%80%93present%29.svg/263px-D66_logo_%282019%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/D66_logo_%282019%E2%80%93present%29.svg/350px-D66_logo_%282019%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="330" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Abbreviation</th><td class="infobox-data nickname" style="line-height:1.3em;">D66</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Party_leader" title="Party leader">Leader</a></th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Rob_Jetten" title="Rob Jetten">Rob Jetten</a> (<a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Democrats_66" title="Leader of the Democrats 66">list</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Party_chair" title="Party chair">Chairperson</a></th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Alexandra_van_Huffelen" title="Alexandra van Huffelen">Alexandra van Huffelen</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span class="nowrap">Leader in the <a href="/wiki/Senate_(Netherlands)" title="Senate (Netherlands)">Senate</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Paul_van_Meenen" title="Paul van Meenen">Paul van Meenen</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span class="nowrap">Leader in the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_(Netherlands)" title="House of Representatives (Netherlands)">House <br /> of Representatives</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Rob_Jetten" title="Rob Jetten">Rob Jetten</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Leader in the <a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">EP</a></th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Gerben-Jan_Gerbrandy" title="Gerben-Jan Gerbrandy">Gerben-Jan Gerbrandy</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Founders</th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Hans_van_Mierlo" title="Hans van Mierlo">Hans van Mierlo</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Hans_Gruijters" title="Hans Gruijters">Hans Gruijters</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">14 October 1966<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1966-10-14</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Lange Houtstraat 11, <br /> <a href="/wiki/The_Hague" title="The Hague">The Hague</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Youth_wing" title="Youth wing">Youth wing</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Young_Democrats_(Netherlands)" title="Young Democrats (Netherlands)">Young Democrats</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Think_tank" title="Think tank">Policy institute</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Hans_van_Mierlo_Foundation" title="Hans van Mierlo Foundation">Hans van Mierlo Foundation</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Membership <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">(January 2024)</span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 29,624<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_ideologies" title="List of political ideologies">Ideology</a></th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Social_liberalism" title="Social liberalism">Social liberalism</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Progressivism" title="Progressivism">Progressivism</a></li><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/European_federalism" class="mw-redirect" title="European federalism">European federalism</a><sup id="cite_ref-demsoc_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-demsoc-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Political_spectrum" title="Political spectrum">Political position</a></th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Centrism" title="Centrism">Centre</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Regional affiliation</th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Benelux_Parliament" title="Benelux Parliament">Liberal Group</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/European_political_party" title="European political party">European affiliation</a></th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Alliance_of_Liberals_and_Democrats_for_Europe_Party" title="Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party">Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Political_groups_of_the_European_Parliament" title="Political groups of the European Parliament">European Parliament group</a></th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Renew_Europe" title="Renew Europe">Renew Europe</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">International affiliation</th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Liberal_International" title="Liberal International">Liberal International</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Colours</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span class="nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#00AE41; color:black;border:1px solid darkgray;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Green" title="Green">Green</a><br /> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" /><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:{{#FFFFFF}}; color:;border:1px solid darkgray;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/White" title="White">White</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Senate_(Netherlands)" title="Senate (Netherlands)">Senate</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">5 / 75</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #00AE41; color:inherit; width: 7%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_(Netherlands)" title="House of Representatives (Netherlands)">House of Representatives</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">9 / 150</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #00AE41; color:inherit; width: 6%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/King%27s_commissioner" title="King's commissioner">King's commissioners</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">1 / 12</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #00AE41; color:inherit; width: 8%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Provincial_council_(Netherlands)" title="Provincial council (Netherlands)">Provincial councils</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">33 / 570</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #00AE41; color:inherit; width: 6%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">3 / 31</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #00AE41; color:inherit; width: 10%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Benelux_Parliament" title="Benelux Parliament">Benelux Parliament</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">2 / 21</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #00AE41; color:inherit; width: 10%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="line-height: 0.8em;">Website</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d66.nl">d66<wbr />.nl</a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="padding-top:0;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-top:0.3em; border-top:2px solid #00AE41;"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Netherlands" title="Politics of the Netherlands">Politics of the Netherlands</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_the_Netherlands" title="List of political parties in the Netherlands">Political parties</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_the_Netherlands" title="Elections in the Netherlands">Elections</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Democrats 66</b> (<a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a>: <i lang="nl">Democraten 66</i>;<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <b>D66</b>) is a <a href="/wiki/Social_liberalism" title="Social liberalism">social liberal</a><sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Progressivism" title="Progressivism">progressive</a><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_the_Netherlands" title="List of political parties in the Netherlands">political party</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>, which is positioned in the <a href="/wiki/Centrism" title="Centrism">centre</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Left%E2%80%93right_political_spectrum" title="Left–right political spectrum">political spectrum</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-demsoc_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-demsoc-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is a member of the <a href="/wiki/Liberal_International" title="Liberal International">Liberal International</a> (LI) and the <a href="/wiki/Alliance_of_Liberals_and_Democrats_for_Europe_Party" title="Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party">Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe</a> (ALDE). </p><p>The name of the party refers to its year of foundation, <a href="/wiki/1966" title="1966">1966</a>. Initially, its main objective had been to democratise the Dutch political system, but it developed a broader social liberal ideology over time. In the <a href="/wiki/1967_Dutch_general_election" title="1967 Dutch general election">1967 general election</a>, the party won 7 out of 150 seats in the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_(Netherlands)" title="House of Representatives (Netherlands)">House of Representatives</a>. No new party had ever gained that many seats before. The party was in government from <a href="/wiki/Den_Uyl_cabinet" title="Den Uyl cabinet">1973 to 1977</a>, <a href="/wiki/Second_Van_Agt_cabinet" title="Second Van Agt cabinet">1981 to 1982</a>, <a href="/wiki/First_Kok_cabinet" title="First Kok cabinet">1994 to 2002</a>, <a href="/wiki/Second_Balkenende_cabinet" title="Second Balkenende cabinet">2003 to 2006</a> and <a href="/wiki/Third_Rutte_cabinet" title="Third Rutte cabinet">2017 to 2024</a>. It currently holds nine seats in the House of Representatives, five seats in the <a href="/wiki/Senate_(Netherlands)" title="Senate (Netherlands)">Senate</a> and three seats in the <a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a>. </p><p>D66 is especially popular among people who hold a <a href="/wiki/Academic_degree" title="Academic degree">university degree</a>, and its voters are mostly concentrated in larger cities and in municipalities with an above-average number of wealthy residents. The party supplies a relatively large proportion of <a href="/wiki/Mayor#Netherlands" title="Mayor">mayors</a>, who are appointed rather than elected. </p><p>Currently, the party is led by <a href="/wiki/Rob_Jetten" title="Rob Jetten">Rob Jetten</a>, who was elected <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Democrats_66" title="Leader of the Democrats 66">party leader</a> on 12 August 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-Kaag_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kaag-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Paul_van_Meenen" title="Paul van Meenen">Paul van Meenen</a>, Rob Jetten and <a href="/wiki/Gerben-Jan_Gerbrandy" title="Gerben-Jan Gerbrandy">Gerben-Jan Gerbrandy</a> are serving as the party's <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_leader" title="Parliamentary leader">parliamentary leaders</a> in the Senate, the House of Representatives and the European Parliament respectively. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Democrats_66&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:267px;max-width:267px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:126px;max-width:126px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bestuursfuncties,_fractievoorzitters,_Bestanddeelnr_150-1308.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Bestuursfuncties%2C_fractievoorzitters%2C_Bestanddeelnr_150-1308.jpg/124px-Bestuursfuncties%2C_fractievoorzitters%2C_Bestanddeelnr_150-1308.jpg" decoding="async" width="124" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Bestuursfuncties%2C_fractievoorzitters%2C_Bestanddeelnr_150-1308.jpg/186px-Bestuursfuncties%2C_fractievoorzitters%2C_Bestanddeelnr_150-1308.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Bestuursfuncties%2C_fractievoorzitters%2C_Bestanddeelnr_150-1308.jpg/248px-Bestuursfuncties%2C_fractievoorzitters%2C_Bestanddeelnr_150-1308.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2862" data-file-height="3781" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:137px;max-width:137px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hans_Gruijters_1975_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Hans_Gruijters_1975_%281%29.jpg/135px-Hans_Gruijters_1975_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="135" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Hans_Gruijters_1975_%281%29.jpg/203px-Hans_Gruijters_1975_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Hans_Gruijters_1975_%281%29.jpg/270px-Hans_Gruijters_1975_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="984" data-file-height="1184" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">Founders <a href="/wiki/Hans_van_Mierlo" title="Hans van Mierlo">Hans van Mierlo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hans_Gruijters" title="Hans Gruijters">Hans Gruijters</a></div></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_years_(1966–1986)"><span id="Early_years_.281966.E2.80.931986.29"></span>Early years (1966–1986)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Democrats_66&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early years (1966–1986)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Democrats 66 was founded on 14 October 1966 by a group of 44 people. Its founders were described as <i><a href="/wiki/Novus_homo" title="Novus homo">homines novi</a></i>, although 25 of the 44 had previously been members of another political party. The initiators were <a href="/wiki/Hans_van_Mierlo" title="Hans van Mierlo">Hans van Mierlo</a>, a journalist for the <i><a href="/wiki/Algemeen_Handelsblad" class="mw-redirect" title="Algemeen Handelsblad">Algemeen Handelsblad</a></i>, and <a href="/wiki/Hans_Gruijters" title="Hans Gruijters">Hans Gruijters</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Municipal_council_(Netherlands)" title="Municipal council (Netherlands)">municipal councillor</a> in Amsterdam for the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_for_Freedom_and_Democracy" title="People's Party for Freedom and Democracy">People's Party for Freedom and Democracy</a> (VVD). Van Mierlo became the party's political leader. The foundation of the party was preceded by the "Appeal 1966" on 10 October, in which the founders appealed to the people of the Netherlands to re-take their democratic institutions. The party renounced the 19th-century political ideologies, which dominated the political system and sought to end <a href="/wiki/Pillarisation" title="Pillarisation">pillarisation</a>. It called for radical democratisation of the Dutch political system, and for <a href="/wiki/Pragmatism" title="Pragmatism">pragmatic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Technocracy_(bureaucratic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Technocracy (bureaucratic)">scientific</a> policy-making. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:H.A.F.M.O._van_Mierlo,_minister_van_Defensie.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/H.A.F.M.O._van_Mierlo%2C_minister_van_Defensie.jpg/185px-H.A.F.M.O._van_Mierlo%2C_minister_van_Defensie.jpg" decoding="async" width="185" height="247" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/H.A.F.M.O._van_Mierlo%2C_minister_van_Defensie.jpg/278px-H.A.F.M.O._van_Mierlo%2C_minister_van_Defensie.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/H.A.F.M.O._van_Mierlo%2C_minister_van_Defensie.jpg/370px-H.A.F.M.O._van_Mierlo%2C_minister_van_Defensie.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1882" data-file-height="2509" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Hans_van_Mierlo" title="Hans van Mierlo">Hans van Mierlo</a>, co-founder and leader between 1966–1973 and 1986–1998</figcaption></figure> <p>The party participated in the <a href="/wiki/1967_Dutch_general_election" title="1967 Dutch general election">1967 general election</a>, with Hans van Mierlo as its <a href="/wiki/Lead_candidate" title="Lead candidate">lead candidate</a>. The party won an unprecedented seven seats in the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_(Netherlands)" title="House of Representatives (Netherlands)">House of Representatives</a>. In the <a href="/wiki/1971_Dutch_general_election" title="1971 Dutch general election">1971 general election</a>, the party won an additional four seats and it formed a <a href="/wiki/Shadow_Cabinet" class="mw-redirect" title="Shadow Cabinet">shadow cabinet</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(Netherlands)" title="Labour Party (Netherlands)">Labour Party</a> (PvdA) and the <a href="/wiki/Political_Party_of_Radicals" title="Political Party of Radicals">Political Party of Radicals</a> (PPR). In the <a href="/wiki/1972_Dutch_general_election" title="1972 Dutch general election">1972 general election</a>, the three parties formed a <a href="/wiki/Political_alliance" class="mw-redirect" title="Political alliance">political alliance</a> called the "Progressive Agreement" (<a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a>: <i lang="nl">Progressief Akkoord</i>; PAK) and presented the common electoral program "Turning Point '72" (<i>Keerpunt '72</i>). </p><p>In the election, D66 lost nearly half its seats, leaving only six. The alliance became the largest political force in the country, but it did not gain a majority. After long cabinet formation talks, the three PAK-parties formed an <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_the_Netherlands" title="Cabinet of the Netherlands">extra-parliamentary cabinet</a> joined by <a href="/wiki/Progressivism" title="Progressivism">progressive</a> members of the <a href="/wiki/Anti-Revolutionary_Party" title="Anti-Revolutionary Party">Anti-Revolutionary Party</a> (ARP) and the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_People%27s_Party" title="Catholic People's Party">Catholic People's Party</a> (KVP). The cabinet was led by Labour politician <a href="/wiki/Joop_den_Uyl" title="Joop den Uyl">Joop den Uyl</a>. Co-founder Hans Gruijters became Minister of Housing and Spatial Planning. After the formation talks, Van Mierlo left politics, feeling that his political position within the parliamentary party was untenable. Van Mierlo was replaced by <a href="/wiki/Jan_Terlouw" title="Jan Terlouw">Jan Terlouw</a>, who became the new <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_group_leader" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliamentary group leader">parliamentary leader</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jan_Terlouw_1981_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Jan_Terlouw_1981_%281%29.jpg/185px-Jan_Terlouw_1981_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="185" height="212" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Jan_Terlouw_1981_%281%29.jpg/278px-Jan_Terlouw_1981_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Jan_Terlouw_1981_%281%29.jpg/370px-Jan_Terlouw_1981_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1543" data-file-height="1767" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Jan_Terlouw" title="Jan Terlouw">Jan Terlouw</a>, leader from 1973 to 1982</figcaption></figure> <p>In the period 1972–1974, the party lost a dramatic number of members (from 6,000 to 300) and polled very poorly in the <a href="/w/index.php?title=1974_Dutch_provincial_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1974 Dutch provincial elections (page does not exist)">1974 provincial elections</a>. The party also lost half of its senators in the <a href="/w/index.php?title=1974_Dutch_Senate_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1974 Dutch Senate election (page does not exist)">1974 Senate election</a>. At one of the party congresses, a <a href="/wiki/Motion_(parliamentary_procedure)" title="Motion (parliamentary procedure)">motion</a> was put forth to abolish the party. A majority of the members voted in favour, but the two-thirds majority was not reached. In reaction, Terlouw started a campaign to revitalise the party, involving a membership drive and a <a href="/wiki/Petition" title="Petition">petition</a> to the electorate. He emphasised issues other than democratic reform and gave the party a more <a href="/wiki/Liberalism" title="Liberalism">liberal</a> orientation. The party doubled its membership in 1975 and won two additional seats in the <a href="/wiki/1977_Dutch_general_election" title="1977 Dutch general election">1977 general election</a>, despite losing all its seats in the <a href="/wiki/Senate_(Netherlands)" title="Senate (Netherlands)">Senate</a> in the same year. </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/1981_Dutch_general_election" title="1981 Dutch general election">1981 general election</a>, D66 gained 17 seats. The party formed a government with the Labour Party and the <a href="/wiki/Christian_Democratic_Appeal" title="Christian Democratic Appeal">Christian Democratic Appeal</a> (CDA), with Terlouw as <a href="/wiki/List_of_Ministers_of_Economic_Affairs_of_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Ministers of Economic Affairs of the Netherlands">Minister of Economic Affairs</a>. The cabinet was characterised by the personal and ideological conflicts between Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Dries_van_Agt" title="Dries van Agt">Dries van Agt</a> (CDA) and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Ministers_of_Social_Affairs_of_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Ministers of Social Affairs of the Netherlands">Minister of Social Affairs</a> Joop den Uyl (PvdA). The cabinet fell nine months after it was formed, when the Labour Party left the cabinet. D66 and the CDA continued to govern in a <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_the_Netherlands" title="Cabinet of the Netherlands">caretaker government</a>. In the subsequent <a href="/wiki/1982_Dutch_general_election" title="1982 Dutch general election">1982 general election</a>, D66 lost two-thirds of its support, and was left with only 6 seats. After the election, Terlouw left politics and was replaced by <a href="/wiki/Maarten_Engwirda" title="Maarten Engwirda">Maarten Engwirda</a>. The party was confined to <a href="/wiki/Opposition_(politics)" title="Opposition (politics)">opposition</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Purple_cabinets_and_demise_(1986–2006)"><span id="Purple_cabinets_and_demise_.281986.E2.80.932006.29"></span>Purple cabinets and demise (1986–2006)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Democrats_66&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Purple cabinets and demise (1986–2006)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1986, Van Mierlo returned to politics. He emphasised democratic reform as the core issue of the party and wanted to end the polarisation between the Labour Party and VVD, so that it would be possible to form a government without the CDA. He led the party in the <a href="/wiki/1986_Dutch_general_election" title="1986 Dutch general election">1986 general election</a> and won nine seats. In the <a href="/wiki/1989_Dutch_general_election" title="1989 Dutch general election">1989 election</a>, the party won 12 seats and was asked to join the formation talks of a CDA–PvdA–D66 coalition. While the PvdA preferred to form a government <i>with</i> D66, the CDA did not. Ultimately, D66 was excluded from the coalition, because it was not necessary to include them to reach a majority in parliament. </p><p>Despite being in opposition, D66 adopted a constructive approach towards the government. They were rewarded for this in the <a href="/wiki/1994_Dutch_general_election" title="1994 Dutch general election">1994 general election</a>, in which the party doubled its number of seats to 24. D66 was able to form its preferred coalition: the "<a href="/wiki/Purple_(government)" class="mw-redirect" title="Purple (government)">purple government</a>", which included both the <a href="/wiki/Social_democracy" title="Social democracy">social democratic</a> PvdA and the <a href="/wiki/Conservative_liberalism" title="Conservative liberalism">conservative liberal</a> VVD. Van Mierlo was appointed <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs_of_the_Netherlands" title="Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Netherlands">Minister of Foreign Affairs</a>. As advocated by D66, the <a href="/wiki/First_Kok_cabinet" title="First Kok cabinet">first Kok cabinet</a> initiated progressive legislation, such as the introduction of <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_the_Netherlands" title="Same-sex marriage in the Netherlands">same-sex marriage</a> and the legalisation of <a href="/wiki/Euthanasia" title="Euthanasia">euthanasia</a>. The moderately <a href="/wiki/Economic_liberalism" title="Economic liberalism">liberal economic</a> policies of the cabinet were also seen as a great success. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Els_Borst_februari_2002.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Els_Borst_februari_2002.jpg/185px-Els_Borst_februari_2002.jpg" decoding="async" width="185" height="282" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Els_Borst_februari_2002.jpg/278px-Els_Borst_februari_2002.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Els_Borst_februari_2002.jpg/370px-Els_Borst_februari_2002.jpg 2x" data-file-width="420" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Els_Borst" title="Els Borst">Els Borst</a>, top candidate in the <a href="/wiki/1998_Dutch_general_election" title="1998 Dutch general election">1998 general election</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Shortly before the <a href="/wiki/1998_Dutch_general_election" title="1998 Dutch general election">1998 general election</a>, Van Mierlo stepped back and Minister of Health <a href="/wiki/Els_Borst" title="Els Borst">Els Borst</a> became the new top candidate. D66 lost ten seats in the election, while its coalition partners gained ground at the cost of D66. The <a href="/wiki/Second_Kok_cabinet" title="Second Kok cabinet">second Kok cabinet</a> continued. Although D66 was technically not needed for a majority in parliament, it was seen as the glue that kept the PvdA and the VVD together. Borst stepped down as party leader and became <a href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_the_Netherlands" title="Deputy Prime Minister of the Netherlands">Deputy Prime Minister</a> and Minister of Health. <a href="/wiki/Thom_de_Graaf" title="Thom de Graaf">Thom de Graaf</a> led the party in the House of Representatives. From within the party, there were calls for a more explicit progressive liberal course. In 1999, a constitutional reform that would allow for <a href="/wiki/Referendum" title="Referendum">referendums</a> to be held was rejected by the Senate, because a group of VVD dissidents had voted against it. In response, D66 left the cabinet. After the subsequent formation talks, D66 returned to the cabinet in return for a temporary referendum law and directly elected mayors. </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/2002_Dutch_general_election" title="2002 Dutch general election">2002 general election</a>, the tide had turned against the purple government, and the right-wing populist <a href="/wiki/Pim_Fortuyn_List" title="Pim Fortuyn List">Pim Fortuyn List</a> (LPF) gained considerable ground. The three purple parties lost an unprecedented 43 seats. D66 was left with only seven seats. The <a href="/wiki/First_Balkenende_cabinet" title="First Balkenende cabinet">first Balkenende cabinet</a>, consisting of CDA, LPF and VVD, lasted only three months. In the <a href="/wiki/2003_Dutch_general_election" title="2003 Dutch general election">2003 general election</a>, D66 lost another seat, leaving only 6. De Graaf stepped down and was succeeded by <a href="/wiki/Boris_Dittrich" title="Boris Dittrich">Boris Dittrich</a>. After long formation talks between the CDA and the PvdA failed, a <a href="/wiki/Second_Balkenende_cabinet" title="Second Balkenende cabinet">second Balkenende cabinet</a> was formed, which included the CDA, the VVD and D66. </p><p>In return for investments in environment and education, and a special Minister for Governmental Reform, D66 supported the <a href="/wiki/Centre-right" class="mw-redirect" title="Centre-right">centre-right</a> reform cabinet and some of its more controversial legislation. In May 2005, the Senate rejected a constitutional reform that would allow a directly elected mayor. The legislation had been introduced by the <a href="/wiki/Second_Kok_cabinet" title="Second Kok cabinet">second Kok cabinet</a>, but it was unable to get a two-thirds majority because the Labour Party was opposed the electoral system proposed by Minister for Governmental Reform Thom de Graaf. De Graaf resigned, but the rest of the ministers retained their positions as D66 was promised more investment in public education and the environment. A special party congress was called to ratify this so-called "Easter Agreement" (<i>Paasakkoord</i>). 2,600 members (20 per cent of total membership) were present and the congress was broadcast live on television. The congress agreed to remain in cabinet by a large majority. <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Pechtold" title="Alexander Pechtold">Alexander Pechtold</a> replaced De Graaf as Minister for Governmental Reform. <a href="/wiki/Laurens_Jan_Brinkhorst" title="Laurens Jan Brinkhorst">Laurens Jan Brinkhorst</a>, the Minister of Economic Affairs, became <a href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_the_Netherlands" title="Deputy Prime Minister of the Netherlands">Deputy Prime Minister</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Alexander-pechtold_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Alexander-pechtold_%28cropped%29.jpg/185px-Alexander-pechtold_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="185" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Alexander-pechtold_%28cropped%29.jpg/278px-Alexander-pechtold_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Alexander-pechtold_%28cropped%29.jpg/370px-Alexander-pechtold_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1225" data-file-height="1502" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Pechtold" title="Alexander Pechtold">Alexander Pechtold</a>, leader from 2006 to 2018</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pechtold_leadership_(2006–2016)"><span id="Pechtold_leadership_.282006.E2.80.932016.29"></span>Pechtold leadership (2006–2016)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Democrats_66&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Pechtold leadership (2006–2016)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In February 2006, Dittrich stepped down as parliamentary leader, because he did not agree with the government's decision to send the Dutch armed forces to the southern province of <a href="/wiki/Uruzgan" class="mw-redirect" title="Uruzgan">Uruzgan</a> in <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a>. D66 voted against the government's proposal together with the <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_(Netherlands)" title="Socialist Party (Netherlands)">Socialist Party</a> and <a href="/wiki/GroenLinks" title="GroenLinks">GroenLinks</a>. Dittrich stated that the mission to send troops was not a reconstruction mission (as the government and the majority of the Dutch parliament claimed), but a military operation. <a href="/wiki/Lousewies_van_der_Laan" title="Lousewies van der Laan">Lousewies van der Laan</a> replaced Dittrich. In May 2006, D66 polled particularly badly in the <a href="/wiki/2006_Dutch_municipal_elections" title="2006 Dutch municipal elections">2006 municipal elections</a>. D66 began to lose a considerable number of members, some of whom founded <a href="/w/index.php?title=DeZES&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DeZES (page does not exist)">deZES</a>, another radical democratic, progressive liberal party. During a special party congress on 13 May 2006, a motion was put forth demanding the withdrawal of D66 from the cabinet, but it was rejected. In June 2006, an <a href="/wiki/2006_Democrats_66_leadership_election" title="2006 Democrats 66 leadership election">internal election</a> was held in order to choose the new party leader. The election was won by <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Pechtold" title="Alexander Pechtold">Alexander Pechtold</a>. </p><p>During the special parliamentary debate on the <a href="/wiki/Naturalization" title="Naturalization">naturalisation process</a> of <a href="/wiki/Ayaan_Hirsi_Ali" title="Ayaan Hirsi Ali">Ayaan Hirsi Ali</a>, D66 supported a <a href="/wiki/Motion_of_no_confidence" title="Motion of no confidence">motion of no confidence</a> against Minister for Integration <a href="/wiki/Rita_Verdonk" title="Rita Verdonk">Rita Verdonk</a>. As D66 was a junior coalition partner, this caused a crisis in the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands_cabinet_Balkenende-2" class="mw-redirect" title="Netherlands cabinet Balkenende-2">second Balkenende cabinet</a>. The cabinet refused to remove Verdonk from her position. Lousewies van der Laan, parliamentary leader of D66, felt that the D66 faction could no longer support the cabinet and stated that the cabinet had to resign. On 3 July 2006, the two D66 ministers <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Pechtold" title="Alexander Pechtold">Alexander Pechtold</a> and <a href="/wiki/Laurens_Jan_Brinkhorst" title="Laurens Jan Brinkhorst">Laurens Jan Brinkhorst</a> resigned, causing the <a href="/wiki/Second_Balkenende_cabinet" title="Second Balkenende cabinet">second Balkenende cabinet</a> to fall. </p><p>In October 2006, just before the D66 party congress and its 40th anniversary as a party, D66 founder <a href="/wiki/Hans_van_Mierlo" title="Hans van Mierlo">Hans van Mierlo</a> asked the question whether D66 still had political legitimacy. He believed that many errors were made in recent history and that only the acceptance of these errors could provide for any credibility for D66. Van Mierlo declared his support for party leader Pechtold, who in his view could provide for such credibility.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Portretfoto_Sigrid_Kaag_2018_01_(crop).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Portretfoto_Sigrid_Kaag_2018_01_%28crop%29.jpg/185px-Portretfoto_Sigrid_Kaag_2018_01_%28crop%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="185" height="234" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Portretfoto_Sigrid_Kaag_2018_01_%28crop%29.jpg/278px-Portretfoto_Sigrid_Kaag_2018_01_%28crop%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Portretfoto_Sigrid_Kaag_2018_01_%28crop%29.jpg/370px-Portretfoto_Sigrid_Kaag_2018_01_%28crop%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3001" data-file-height="3795" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sigrid_Kaag" title="Sigrid Kaag">Sigrid Kaag</a>, leader from 2020 to 2023</figcaption></figure> <p>Since 2008, the party has performed quite well in the <a href="/wiki/Opinion_poll" title="Opinion poll">opinion polls</a>, ranging from 10 to 26 seats, compared to only 3 seats in the House of Representatives.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <a href="/wiki/2009_European_Parliament_election_in_the_Netherlands" title="2009 European Parliament election in the Netherlands">2009 European Parliament election</a>, the party won 11% of the votes and 3 seats, two more than in the previous election. The news programme <a href="/wiki/Nova_(Dutch_TV_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nova (Dutch TV series)">Nova</a> attributed this increase to the leadership of Alexander Pechtold, who was considered "the leader of the opposition" at the time.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Under the leadership of Pechtold, the party has taken strong stances against the <a href="/wiki/Party_for_Freedom" title="Party for Freedom">Party for Freedom</a> (PVV) of <a href="/wiki/Geert_Wilders" title="Geert Wilders">Geert Wilders</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-intermediair_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-intermediair-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <a href="/wiki/2010_Dutch_general_election" title="2010 Dutch general election">2010 general election</a>, D66 increased its representation to 10 seats. In the <a href="/wiki/2012_Dutch_general_election" title="2012 Dutch general election">2012 general election</a>, the party further increased its number of seats to 12. Since 2008, the party has experienced a significant increase in party membership, from 10,000 to 25,000 in 2015. </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/2017_Dutch_general_election" title="2017 Dutch general election">2017 general election</a>, D66 won 19 seats in the House of Representatives and formed a centre-right <a href="/wiki/Coalition_government" title="Coalition government">coalition government</a> with the VVD, CDA and <a href="/wiki/Christian_Union_(Netherlands)" title="Christian Union (Netherlands)">Christian Union</a> (CU). <a href="/wiki/Kajsa_Ollongren" title="Kajsa Ollongren">Kajsa Ollongren</a> was appointed second Deputy Prime Minister in the <a href="/wiki/Third_Rutte_cabinet" title="Third Rutte cabinet">third Rutte cabinet</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kaag_and_Jetten_leadership_(2018–present)"><span id="Kaag_and_Jetten_leadership_.282018.E2.80.93present.29"></span>Kaag and Jetten leadership (2018–present)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Democrats_66&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Kaag and Jetten leadership (2018–present)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In October 2018, Alexander Pechtold announced his retirement from politics.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was replaced by <a href="/wiki/Rob_Jetten" title="Rob Jetten">Rob Jetten</a> as parliamentary leader, but the position of party leader remained vacant.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In September 2020, Minister for Foreign Trade and Development Cooperation <a href="/wiki/Sigrid_Kaag" title="Sigrid Kaag">Sigrid Kaag</a> was elected the new party leader and top candidate for the <a href="/wiki/2021_Dutch_general_election" title="2021 Dutch general election">2021 general election</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Kaag_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kaag-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite the fact that the opinion polls had predicted D66 to lose seats, the party won 24 seats in the 2021 election, becoming the second largest party in the House of Representatives.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 12 August 2023 Rob Jetten became the leader of the party.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following the <a href="/wiki/2023_Dutch_general_election" title="2023 Dutch general election">2023 Dutch general election</a> D66 lost more seats than any party, being reduced from 24 to 9, their worst result in 17 years. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ideology">Ideology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Democrats_66&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Ideology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/D66_Campagnespot_2021.webm/300px--D66_Campagnespot_2021.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="300" height="169" data-durationhint="26" data-mwtitle="D66_Campagnespot_2021.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:D66_Campagnespot_2021.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ec/D66_Campagnespot_2021.webm/D66_Campagnespot_2021.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ec/D66_Campagnespot_2021.webm/D66_Campagnespot_2021.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ec/D66_Campagnespot_2021.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ec/D66_Campagnespot_2021.webm/D66_Campagnespot_2021.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ec/D66_Campagnespot_2021.webm/D66_Campagnespot_2021.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ec/D66_Campagnespot_2021.webm/D66_Campagnespot_2021.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ec/D66_Campagnespot_2021.webm/D66_Campagnespot_2021.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AD66_Campagnespot_2021.webm&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AD66_Campagnespot_2021.webm&lang=nl&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="nl" label="Nederlands ‪(nl)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></video></span><figcaption>Campaign for the <a href="/wiki/2021_Dutch_general_election" title="2021 Dutch general election">2021 Dutch general election</a></figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg/42px-Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg/63px-Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg/84px-Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs to be <b>updated</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2023</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The ideology of D66 is a highly contested subject within the party and the question is tied to the reason for its existence. There are two currents within the party, namely the radical democrats and the progressive liberals. Although sometimes antagonistic, these two currents currently complement each other as both emphasise the self-realisation of the individual. The <a href="/wiki/Radical_League" title="Radical League">Radical League</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Free-thinking_Democratic_League" title="Free-thinking Democratic League">Free-thinking Democratic League</a>, two early 20th century parties are historic exponents of these two traditions. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Factions">Factions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Democrats_66&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Factions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Radical_democrats">Radical democrats</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Democrats_66&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Radical democrats"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first party congress emphasised radical democratisation of Dutch society and the political system. Its ideal was a <a href="/wiki/Two-party_system" title="Two-party system">two-party system</a>. To obtain this, it wanted to <a href="/wiki/Electoral_reform" title="Electoral reform">reform the electoral system</a> after the American <a href="/wiki/Plurality_voting_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Plurality voting system">first past the post</a> model. The electoral reform was gradually moderated as the party now favours German-style <a href="/wiki/Mixed_member_proportional_representation" class="mw-redirect" title="Mixed member proportional representation">mixed member proportional representation</a>. In this system, a national party-list election is used to make a first-past-the-post election representative to the nationwide vote. This radical democratisation was combined with a pragmatic and anti-dogmatic attitude towards politics. <a href="/wiki/Hans_van_Mierlo" title="Hans van Mierlo">Hans van Mierlo</a>, the party's leader between 1966 and 1972 and between 1986 and 1998 and the party's figurehead, was an important exponent of this tendency within the party.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2011)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Progressive_liberals">Progressive liberals</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Democrats_66&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Progressive liberals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>D66's progressive liberal section has historically been much weaker than its radical democratic wing. Under <a href="/wiki/Jan_Terlouw" title="Jan Terlouw">Jan Terlouw</a> between 1972 and 1982, D66 began to emphasise new issues like the <a href="/wiki/Natural_environment" title="Natural environment">environment</a>, <a href="/wiki/Public_education" class="mw-redirect" title="Public education">public education</a> and <a href="/wiki/Innovation" title="Innovation">innovation</a>. He called D66 a fourth current, next to <a href="/wiki/Social_democracy" title="Social democracy">social democracy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christian_democracy" title="Christian democracy">Christian democracy</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Conservative_liberalism" title="Conservative liberalism">conservative liberalism</a> of the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_for_Freedom_and_Democracy" title="People's Party for Freedom and Democracy">VVD</a>. In 1998, the group Opschudding called for a <a href="/wiki/Social_liberalism" title="Social liberalism">progressive liberal</a> course for the party. In the party's manifesto adopted in 2000, the party explicitly adopted a <a href="/wiki/Social_liberalism" title="Social liberalism">progressive liberal</a> image. National political reasons explain the usage of the label "<a href="/wiki/Social_liberalism" title="Social liberalism">social-liberal</a>" since the more <a href="/wiki/Centre-right" class="mw-redirect" title="Centre-right">right-leaning</a> <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_for_Freedom_and_Democracy" title="People's Party for Freedom and Democracy">VVD</a> describes itself as the liberal party.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Positions">Positions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Democrats_66&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Positions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some of the party's most important positions include: </p> <ul><li>D66 is in favour of a <a href="/wiki/Mixed_economy" title="Mixed economy">mixed economy</a> combining market economics and government intervention. D66 is also a proponent of increased <a href="/wiki/Labour_market_flexibility" title="Labour market flexibility">flexibility in the labour market</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tax_cut" title="Tax cut">tax cuts</a> for the lower and middle classes.</li> <li>D66 proposes to increase government spending on <a href="/wiki/Education" title="Education">education</a> and <a href="/wiki/Innovation" title="Innovation">innovation</a>, for instance increases in teachers' salaries. D66 wants the education sector to be deregulated and introduce more competition in the sector.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Natural_environment" title="Natural environment">environment</a> is an important issue for the party. D66 favours a <a href="/wiki/Carbon_price" title="Carbon price">carbon price</a> and more investment in <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_energy" title="Sustainable energy">sustainable energy</a> to combat <a href="/wiki/Global_warming" class="mw-redirect" title="Global warming">global warming</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It opposes the <a href="/wiki/Right_to_hunt" class="mw-redirect" title="Right to hunt">right to hunt</a> and sees <a href="/wiki/Hunting" title="Hunting">hunting</a> only as last resort for wildlife damage control.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>D66 is a <a href="/wiki/Social_liberalism" title="Social liberalism">socially liberal</a> party. The <a href="/wiki/First_Kok_cabinet" title="First Kok cabinet">first Kok cabinet</a> in which it participated introduced several liberal reforms in the past, such as the legalisation of <a href="/wiki/Euthanasia" title="Euthanasia">euthanasia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_the_Netherlands" title="Same-sex marriage in the Netherlands">same-sex marriage</a> and <a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_the_Netherlands" title="Prostitution in the Netherlands">prostitution</a>.</li> <li>D66 is a proponent of democratic reform. It favours electoral reforms such as a binding <a href="/wiki/Referendum" title="Referendum">referendum</a>, abolition of the <a href="/wiki/Senate_(Netherlands)" title="Senate (Netherlands)">Senate</a> and direct election of <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_Netherlands" title="Prime Minister of the Netherlands">prime ministers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Burgemeester" class="mw-redirect" title="Burgemeester">mayors</a>.</li> <li>D66 favours a <a href="/wiki/European_Federation" class="mw-redirect" title="European Federation">Federal Europe</a> and more European cooperation on issues such as the environment, immigration policy and foreign policy.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Electorate">Electorate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Democrats_66&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Electorate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although supporters of political parties are no longer fixed and election results fluctuate, D66 is overall strong and concentrated in the <a href="/wiki/Randstad" title="Randstad"> Randstad conurbation</a>, while also getting its votes in and around university towns. In the <a href="/wiki/2014_Dutch_municipal_elections" title="2014 Dutch municipal elections">2014 municipal elections</a>, D66 became the largest party in many major cities including <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Hague" title="The Hague">The Hague</a>, <a href="/wiki/Utrecht" title="Utrecht">Utrecht</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tilburg" title="Tilburg">Tilburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Groningen" title="Groningen">Groningen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Enschede" title="Enschede">Enschede</a>, <a href="/wiki/Apeldoorn" title="Apeldoorn">Apeldoorn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haarlem" title="Haarlem">Haarlem</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amersfoort" title="Amersfoort">Amersfoort</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arnhem" title="Arnhem">Arnhem</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Election_results">Election results</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Democrats_66&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Election results"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="House_of_Representatives">House of Representatives</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Democrats_66&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: House of Representatives"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_House_of_Representatives_of_the_Netherlands,_2023%E2%80%93present" title="List of members of the House of Representatives of the Netherlands, 2023–present">List of members of the House of Representatives of the Netherlands, 2023–present</a></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: right;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Election </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Lead_candidate" title="Lead candidate">Lead candidate</a> </th> <th>List </th> <th>Votes </th> <th>% </th> <th>Seats </th> <th>+/– </th> <th>Government </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1967_Dutch_general_election" title="1967 Dutch general election">1967</a> </th> <td rowspan="3" align="left"><a href="/wiki/Hans_van_Mierlo" title="Hans van Mierlo">Hans van Mierlo</a> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Democrats_66_candidates_in_the_1967_Dutch_general_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Democrats 66 candidates in the 1967 Dutch general election (page does not exist)">List</a> </td> <td>307,810 </td> <td>4.4 </td> <td><div role="img" class="nowrap" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; vertical-align: top; width: 100px; text-shadow: 0 0 0.2em #fff;"><div style="position: absolute; box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #c0c0c0; width: 100%; height: 100%; background-color: #f0f0f0;"><div style="background-color:#00AE41; width: 4.6666666666667%; height: 100%;"></div></div><span style="position: relative; margin: 0 0.3em;">7 / 150</span></div> </td> <td>New </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Opposition </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1971_Dutch_general_election" title="1971 Dutch general election">1971</a> </th> <td align="left"><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Democrats_66_candidates_in_the_1971_Dutch_general_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Democrats 66 candidates in the 1971 Dutch general election (page does not exist)">List</a> </td> <td>427,720 </td> <td>6.7 </td> <td><div role="img" class="nowrap" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; vertical-align: top; width: 100px; text-shadow: 0 0 0.2em #fff;"><div style="position: absolute; box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #c0c0c0; width: 100%; height: 100%; background-color: #f0f0f0;"><div style="background-color:#00AE41; width: 7.3333333333333%; height: 100%;"></div></div><span style="position: relative; margin: 0 0.3em;">11 / 150</span></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 4 </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Opposition </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1972_Dutch_general_election" title="1972 Dutch general election">1972</a> </th> <td align="left"><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Democrats_66_candidates_in_the_1972_Dutch_general_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Democrats 66 candidates in the 1972 Dutch general election (page does not exist)">List</a> </td> <td>307,048 </td> <td>4.1 </td> <td><div role="img" class="nowrap" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; vertical-align: top; width: 100px; text-shadow: 0 0 0.2em #fff;"><div style="position: absolute; box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #c0c0c0; width: 100%; height: 100%; background-color: #f0f0f0;"><div style="background-color:#00AE41; width: 4%; height: 100%;"></div></div><span style="position: relative; margin: 0 0.3em;">6 / 150</span></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 5 </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Coalition </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1977_Dutch_general_election" title="1977 Dutch general election">1977</a> </th> <td rowspan="3" align="left"><a href="/wiki/Jan_Terlouw" title="Jan Terlouw">Jan Terlouw</a> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Democrats_66_candidates_in_the_1977_Dutch_general_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Democrats 66 candidates in the 1977 Dutch general election (page does not exist)">List</a> </td> <td>452,423 </td> <td>5.4 </td> <td><div role="img" class="nowrap" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; vertical-align: top; width: 100px; text-shadow: 0 0 0.2em #fff;"><div style="position: absolute; box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #c0c0c0; width: 100%; height: 100%; background-color: #f0f0f0;"><div style="background-color:#00AE41; width: 5.3333333333333%; height: 100%;"></div></div><span style="position: relative; margin: 0 0.3em;">8 / 150</span></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 2 </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Opposition </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1981_Dutch_general_election" title="1981 Dutch general election">1981</a> </th> <td align="left"><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Democrats_66_candidates_in_the_1981_Dutch_general_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Democrats 66 candidates in the 1981 Dutch general election (page does not exist)">List</a> </td> <td>961,121 </td> <td>11.0 </td> <td><div role="img" class="nowrap" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; vertical-align: top; width: 100px; text-shadow: 0 0 0.2em #fff;"><div style="position: absolute; box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #c0c0c0; width: 100%; height: 100%; background-color: #f0f0f0;"><div style="background-color:#00AE41; width: 11.333333333333%; height: 100%;"></div></div><span style="position: relative; margin: 0 0.3em;">17 / 150</span></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 9 </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Coalition </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1982_Dutch_general_election" title="1982 Dutch general election">1982</a> </th> <td align="left"><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Democrats_66_candidates_in_the_1982_Dutch_general_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Democrats 66 candidates in the 1982 Dutch general election (page does not exist)">List</a> </td> <td>351,278 </td> <td>4.3 </td> <td><div role="img" class="nowrap" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; vertical-align: top; width: 100px; text-shadow: 0 0 0.2em #fff;"><div style="position: absolute; box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #c0c0c0; width: 100%; height: 100%; background-color: #f0f0f0;"><div style="background-color:#00AE41; width: 4%; height: 100%;"></div></div><span style="position: relative; margin: 0 0.3em;">6 / 150</span></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 11 </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Opposition </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1986_Dutch_general_election" title="1986 Dutch general election">1986</a> </th> <td rowspan="3" align="left"><a href="/wiki/Hans_van_Mierlo" title="Hans van Mierlo">Hans van Mierlo</a> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Democrats_66_candidates_in_the_1986_Dutch_general_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Democrats 66 candidates in the 1986 Dutch general election (page does not exist)">List</a> </td> <td>562,466 </td> <td>6.1 </td> <td><div role="img" class="nowrap" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; vertical-align: top; width: 100px; text-shadow: 0 0 0.2em #fff;"><div style="position: absolute; box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #c0c0c0; width: 100%; height: 100%; background-color: #f0f0f0;"><div style="background-color:#00AE41; width: 6%; height: 100%;"></div></div><span style="position: relative; margin: 0 0.3em;">9 / 150</span></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 3 </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Opposition </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1989_Dutch_general_election" title="1989 Dutch general election">1989</a> </th> <td align="left"><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Democrats_66_candidates_in_the_1989_Dutch_general_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Democrats 66 candidates in the 1989 Dutch general election (page does not exist)">List</a> </td> <td>701,934 </td> <td>7.9 </td> <td><div role="img" class="nowrap" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; vertical-align: top; width: 100px; text-shadow: 0 0 0.2em #fff;"><div style="position: absolute; box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #c0c0c0; width: 100%; height: 100%; background-color: #f0f0f0;"><div style="background-color:#00AE41; width: 8%; height: 100%;"></div></div><span style="position: relative; margin: 0 0.3em;">12 / 150</span></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 3 </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Opposition </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1994_Dutch_general_election" title="1994 Dutch general election">1994</a> </th> <td align="left"><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Democrats_66_candidates_in_the_1994_Dutch_general_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Democrats 66 candidates in the 1994 Dutch general election (page does not exist)">List</a> </td> <td>1,391,202 </td> <td>15.5 </td> <td><div role="img" class="nowrap" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; vertical-align: top; width: 100px; text-shadow: 0 0 0.2em #fff;"><div style="position: absolute; box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #c0c0c0; width: 100%; height: 100%; background-color: #f0f0f0;"><div style="background-color:#00AE41; width: 16%; height: 100%;"></div></div><span style="position: relative; margin: 0 0.3em;">24 / 150</span></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 12 </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Coalition </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1998_Dutch_general_election" title="1998 Dutch general election">1998</a> </th> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Els_Borst" title="Els Borst">Els Borst</a> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Democrats_66_candidates_in_the_1998_Dutch_general_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Democrats 66 candidates in the 1998 Dutch general election (page does not exist)">List</a> </td> <td>773,497 </td> <td>9.0 </td> <td><div role="img" class="nowrap" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; vertical-align: top; width: 100px; text-shadow: 0 0 0.2em #fff;"><div style="position: absolute; box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #c0c0c0; width: 100%; height: 100%; background-color: #f0f0f0;"><div style="background-color:#00AE41; width: 9.3333333333333%; height: 100%;"></div></div><span style="position: relative; margin: 0 0.3em;">14 / 150</span></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 10 </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Coalition </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2002_Dutch_general_election" title="2002 Dutch general election">2002</a> </th> <td rowspan="2" align="left"><a href="/wiki/Thom_de_Graaf" title="Thom de Graaf">Thom de Graaf</a> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Democrats_66_candidates_in_the_2002_Dutch_general_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Democrats 66 candidates in the 2002 Dutch general election (page does not exist)">List</a> </td> <td>484,317 </td> <td>5.1 </td> <td><div role="img" class="nowrap" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; vertical-align: top; width: 100px; text-shadow: 0 0 0.2em #fff;"><div style="position: absolute; box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #c0c0c0; width: 100%; height: 100%; background-color: #f0f0f0;"><div style="background-color:#00AE41; width: 4.6666666666667%; height: 100%;"></div></div><span style="position: relative; margin: 0 0.3em;">7 / 150</span></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 7 </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Opposition </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2003_Dutch_general_election" title="2003 Dutch general election">2003</a> </th> <td align="left"><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Democrats_66_candidates_in_the_2003_Dutch_general_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Democrats 66 candidates in the 2003 Dutch general election (page does not exist)">List</a> </td> <td>393,333 </td> <td>4.0 </td> <td><div role="img" class="nowrap" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; vertical-align: top; width: 100px; text-shadow: 0 0 0.2em #fff;"><div style="position: absolute; box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #c0c0c0; width: 100%; height: 100%; background-color: #f0f0f0;"><div style="background-color:#00AE41; width: 4%; height: 100%;"></div></div><span style="position: relative; margin: 0 0.3em;">6 / 150</span></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1 </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Coalition </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2006_Dutch_general_election" title="2006 Dutch general election">2006</a> </th> <td rowspan="4" align="left"><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Pechtold" title="Alexander Pechtold">Alexander Pechtold</a> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Democrats_66_candidates_in_the_2006_Dutch_general_election" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Democrats 66 candidates in the 2006 Dutch general election">List</a> </td> <td>193,232 </td> <td>2.0 </td> <td><div role="img" class="nowrap" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; vertical-align: top; width: 100px; text-shadow: 0 0 0.2em #fff;"><div style="position: absolute; box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #c0c0c0; width: 100%; height: 100%; background-color: #f0f0f0;"><div style="background-color:#00AE41; width: 2%; height: 100%;"></div></div><span style="position: relative; margin: 0 0.3em;">3 / 150</span></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 3 </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Opposition </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2010_Dutch_general_election" title="2010 Dutch general election">2010</a> </th> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Democrats_66_candidates_in_the_2010_Dutch_general_election" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Democrats 66 candidates in the 2010 Dutch general election">List</a> </td> <td>654,167 </td> <td>6.9 </td> <td><div role="img" class="nowrap" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; vertical-align: top; width: 100px; text-shadow: 0 0 0.2em #fff;"><div style="position: absolute; box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #c0c0c0; width: 100%; height: 100%; background-color: #f0f0f0;"><div style="background-color:#00AE41; width: 6.6666666666667%; height: 100%;"></div></div><span style="position: relative; margin: 0 0.3em;">10 / 150</span></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 7 </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Opposition </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2012_Dutch_general_election" title="2012 Dutch general election">2012</a> </th> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Democrats_66_candidates_in_the_2012_Dutch_general_election" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Democrats 66 candidates in the 2012 Dutch general election">List</a> </td> <td>757,091 </td> <td>8.0 </td> <td><div role="img" class="nowrap" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; vertical-align: top; width: 100px; text-shadow: 0 0 0.2em #fff;"><div style="position: absolute; box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #c0c0c0; width: 100%; height: 100%; background-color: #f0f0f0;"><div style="background-color:#00AE41; width: 8%; height: 100%;"></div></div><span style="position: relative; margin: 0 0.3em;">12 / 150</span></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 2 </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Opposition </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2017_Dutch_general_election" title="2017 Dutch general election">2017</a> </th> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Democrats_66_candidates_in_the_2017_Dutch_general_election" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Democrats 66 candidates in the 2017 Dutch general election">List</a> </td> <td>1,285,819 </td> <td>12.2 </td> <td><div role="img" class="nowrap" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; vertical-align: top; width: 100px; text-shadow: 0 0 0.2em #fff;"><div style="position: absolute; box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #c0c0c0; width: 100%; height: 100%; background-color: #f0f0f0;"><div style="background-color:#00AE41; width: 12.666666666667%; height: 100%;"></div></div><span style="position: relative; margin: 0 0.3em;">19 / 150</span></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 7 </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Coalition </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2021_Dutch_general_election" title="2021 Dutch general election">2021</a> </th> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Sigrid_Kaag" title="Sigrid Kaag">Sigrid Kaag</a> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Democrats_66_candidates_in_the_2021_Dutch_general_election" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Democrats 66 candidates in the 2021 Dutch general election">List</a> </td> <td>1,565,861 </td> <td>15.0 </td> <td><div role="img" class="nowrap" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; vertical-align: top; width: 100px; text-shadow: 0 0 0.2em #fff;"><div style="position: absolute; box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #c0c0c0; width: 100%; height: 100%; background-color: #f0f0f0;"><div style="background-color:#00AE41; width: 16%; height: 100%;"></div></div><span style="position: relative; margin: 0 0.3em;">24 / 150</span></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 5 </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Coalition </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2023_Dutch_general_election" title="2023 Dutch general election">2023</a> </th> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Rob_Jetten" title="Rob Jetten">Rob Jetten</a> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Democrats_66_candidates_in_the_2023_Dutch_general_election" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Democrats 66 candidates in the 2023 Dutch general election">List</a> </td> <td>656,292 </td> <td>6.3 </td> <td><div role="img" class="nowrap" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; vertical-align: top; width: 100px; text-shadow: 0 0 0.2em #fff;"><div style="position: absolute; box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #c0c0c0; width: 100%; height: 100%; background-color: #f0f0f0;"><div style="background-color:#00AE41; width: 6%; height: 100%;"></div></div><span style="position: relative; margin: 0 0.3em;">9 / 150</span></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 15 </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Opposition </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Senate">Senate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Democrats_66&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Senate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_Senate_of_the_Netherlands,_2023%E2%80%932027" title="List of members of the Senate of the Netherlands, 2023–2027">List of members of the Senate of the Netherlands, 2023–2027</a></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: left;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Election </th> <th>Lead candidate </th> <th>List </th> <th>Votes </th> <th>% </th> <th>Seats </th> <th>+/– </th></tr> <tr> <th>1971 </th> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align: right;"><div role="img" class="nowrap" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; vertical-align: top; width: 100px; text-shadow: 0 0 0.2em #fff;"><div style="position: absolute; box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #c0c0c0; width: 100%; height: 100%; background-color: #f0f0f0;"><div style="background-color:#00AE41; width: 8%; height: 100%;"></div></div><span style="position: relative; margin: 0 0.3em;">6 / 75</span></div> </td> <td style="text-align: right;">New </td></tr> <tr> <th>1974 </th> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align: right;"><div role="img" class="nowrap" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; vertical-align: top; width: 100px; text-shadow: 0 0 0.2em #fff;"><div style="position: absolute; box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #c0c0c0; width: 100%; height: 100%; background-color: #f0f0f0;"><div style="background-color:#00AE41; width: 4%; height: 100%;"></div></div><span style="position: relative; margin: 0 0.3em;">3 / 75</span></div> </td> <td style="text-align: right;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 3 </td></tr> <tr> <th>1977 </th> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align: right;"><div role="img" class="nowrap" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; vertical-align: top; width: 100px; text-shadow: 0 0 0.2em #fff;"><div style="position: absolute; box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #c0c0c0; width: 100%; height: 100%; background-color: #f0f0f0;"><div style="background-color:#00AE41; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div><span style="position: relative; margin: 0 0.3em;">0 / 75</span></div> </td> <td style="text-align: right;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 3 </td></tr> <tr> <th>1980 </th> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Jan_Glastra_van_Loon" title="Jan Glastra van Loon">Jan Glastra van Loon</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align: right;"><div role="img" class="nowrap" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; vertical-align: top; width: 100px; text-shadow: 0 0 0.2em #fff;"><div style="position: absolute; box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #c0c0c0; width: 100%; height: 100%; background-color: #f0f0f0;"><div style="background-color:#00AE41; width: 2.6666666666667%; height: 100%;"></div></div><span style="position: relative; margin: 0 0.3em;">2 / 75</span></div> </td> <td style="text-align: right;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 2 </td></tr> <tr> <th>1981 </th> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align: right;"><div role="img" class="nowrap" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; vertical-align: top; width: 100px; text-shadow: 0 0 0.2em #fff;"><div style="position: absolute; box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #c0c0c0; width: 100%; height: 100%; background-color: #f0f0f0;"><div style="background-color:#00AE41; width: 5.3333333333333%; height: 100%;"></div></div><span style="position: relative; margin: 0 0.3em;">4 / 75</span></div> </td> <td style="text-align: right;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 2 </td></tr> <tr> <th>1983 </th> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align: right;"><div role="img" class="nowrap" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; vertical-align: top; width: 100px; text-shadow: 0 0 0.2em #fff;"><div style="position: absolute; box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #c0c0c0; width: 100%; height: 100%; background-color: #f0f0f0;"><div style="background-color:#00AE41; width: 8%; height: 100%;"></div></div><span style="position: relative; margin: 0 0.3em;">6 / 75</span></div> </td> <td style="text-align: right;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 2 </td></tr> <tr> <th>1986 </th> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Jan_Vis" title="Jan Vis">Jan Vis</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align: right;"><div role="img" class="nowrap" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; vertical-align: top; width: 100px; text-shadow: 0 0 0.2em #fff;"><div style="position: absolute; box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #c0c0c0; width: 100%; height: 100%; background-color: #f0f0f0;"><div style="background-color:#00AE41; width: 8%; height: 100%;"></div></div><span style="position: relative; margin: 0 0.3em;">6 / 75</span></div> </td> <td style="text-align: right;"> </td></tr> <tr> <th>1987 </th> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align: right;"><div role="img" class="nowrap" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; vertical-align: top; width: 100px; text-shadow: 0 0 0.2em #fff;"><div style="position: absolute; box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #c0c0c0; width: 100%; height: 100%; background-color: #f0f0f0;"><div style="background-color:#00AE41; width: 6.6666666666667%; height: 100%;"></div></div><span style="position: relative; margin: 0 0.3em;">5 / 75</span></div> </td> <td style="text-align: right;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1 </td></tr> <tr> <th>1991 </th> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align: right;"><div role="img" class="nowrap" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; vertical-align: top; width: 100px; text-shadow: 0 0 0.2em #fff;"><div style="position: absolute; box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #c0c0c0; width: 100%; height: 100%; background-color: #f0f0f0;"><div style="background-color:#00AE41; width: 16%; height: 100%;"></div></div><span style="position: relative; margin: 0 0.3em;">12 / 75</span></div> </td> <td style="text-align: right;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 7 </td></tr> <tr> <th>1995 </th> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Eddy_Schuyer" title="Eddy Schuyer">Eddy Schuyer</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Democrats_66_candidates_in_the_1995_Dutch_Senate_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Democrats 66 candidates in the 1995 Dutch Senate election (page does not exist)">List</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align: right;"><div role="img" class="nowrap" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; vertical-align: top; width: 100px; text-shadow: 0 0 0.2em #fff;"><div style="position: absolute; box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #c0c0c0; width: 100%; height: 100%; background-color: #f0f0f0;"><div style="background-color:#00AE41; width: 9.3333333333333%; height: 100%;"></div></div><span style="position: relative; margin: 0 0.3em;">7 / 75</span></div> </td> <td style="text-align: right;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 5 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/w/index.php?title=1999_Dutch_Senate_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1999 Dutch Senate election (page does not exist)">1999</a> </th> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Democrats_66_candidates_in_the_1999_Dutch_Senate_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Democrats 66 candidates in the 1999 Dutch Senate election (page does not exist)">List</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right;">8,542 </td> <td style="text-align: right;">5.4 </td> <td style="text-align: right;"><div role="img" class="nowrap" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; vertical-align: top; width: 100px; text-shadow: 0 0 0.2em #fff;"><div style="position: absolute; box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #c0c0c0; width: 100%; height: 100%; background-color: #f0f0f0;"><div style="background-color:#00AE41; width: 5.3333333333333%; height: 100%;"></div></div><span style="position: relative; margin: 0 0.3em;">4 / 75</span></div> </td> <td style="text-align: right;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 3 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2003_Dutch_Senate_election" title="2003 Dutch Senate election">2003</a> </th> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Democrats_66_candidates_in_the_2003_Dutch_Senate_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Democrats 66 candidates in the 2003 Dutch Senate election (page does not exist)">List</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right;">7,087 </td> <td style="text-align: right;">4.4 </td> <td style="text-align: right;"><div role="img" class="nowrap" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; vertical-align: top; width: 100px; text-shadow: 0 0 0.2em #fff;"><div style="position: absolute; box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #c0c0c0; width: 100%; height: 100%; background-color: #f0f0f0;"><div style="background-color:#00AE41; width: 4%; height: 100%;"></div></div><span style="position: relative; margin: 0 0.3em;">3 / 75</span></div> </td> <td style="text-align: right;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2007_Dutch_Senate_election" title="2007 Dutch Senate election">2007</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Gerard_Schouw" title="Gerard Schouw">Gerard Schouw</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Democrats_66_candidates_in_the_2007_Dutch_Senate_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Democrats 66 candidates in the 2007 Dutch Senate election (page does not exist)">List</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right;">3,270 </td> <td style="text-align: right;">2.0 </td> <td style="text-align: right;"><div role="img" class="nowrap" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; vertical-align: top; width: 100px; text-shadow: 0 0 0.2em #fff;"><div style="position: absolute; box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #c0c0c0; width: 100%; height: 100%; background-color: #f0f0f0;"><div style="background-color:#00AE41; width: 2.6666666666667%; height: 100%;"></div></div><span style="position: relative; margin: 0 0.3em;">2 / 75</span></div> </td> <td style="text-align: right;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2011_Dutch_Senate_election" title="2011 Dutch Senate election">2011</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Roger_van_Boxtel" title="Roger van Boxtel">Roger van Boxtel</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_Democrats_66_candidates_in_the_2011_Dutch_Senate_election" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Democrats 66 candidates in the 2011 Dutch Senate election">List</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right;">12,651 </td> <td style="text-align: right;">7.6 </td> <td style="text-align: right;"><div role="img" class="nowrap" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; vertical-align: top; width: 100px; text-shadow: 0 0 0.2em #fff;"><div style="position: absolute; box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #c0c0c0; width: 100%; height: 100%; background-color: #f0f0f0;"><div style="background-color:#00AE41; width: 6.6666666666667%; height: 100%;"></div></div><span style="position: relative; margin: 0 0.3em;">5 / 75</span></div> </td> <td style="text-align: right;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 3 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2015_Dutch_Senate_election" title="2015 Dutch Senate election">2015</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Thom_de_Graaf" title="Thom de Graaf">Thom de Graaf</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Democrats_66_candidates_in_the_2015_Dutch_Senate_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Democrats 66 candidates in the 2015 Dutch Senate election (page does not exist)">List</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right;">21,997 </td> <td style="text-align: right;">13.0 </td> <td style="text-align: right;"><div role="img" class="nowrap" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; vertical-align: top; width: 100px; text-shadow: 0 0 0.2em #fff;"><div style="position: absolute; box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #c0c0c0; width: 100%; height: 100%; background-color: #f0f0f0;"><div style="background-color:#00AE41; width: 13.333333333333%; height: 100%;"></div></div><span style="position: relative; margin: 0 0.3em;">10 / 75</span></div> </td> <td style="text-align: right;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 5 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2019_Dutch_Senate_election" title="2019 Dutch Senate election">2019</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Annelien_Bredenoord" title="Annelien Bredenoord">Annelien Bredenoord</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Democrats_66_candidates_in_the_2019_Dutch_Senate_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Democrats 66 candidates in the 2019 Dutch Senate election (page does not exist)">List</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right;">15,154 </td> <td style="text-align: right;">8.8 </td> <td style="text-align: right;"><div role="img" class="nowrap" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; vertical-align: top; width: 100px; text-shadow: 0 0 0.2em #fff;"><div style="position: absolute; box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #c0c0c0; width: 100%; height: 100%; background-color: #f0f0f0;"><div style="background-color:#00AE41; width: 9.3333333333333%; height: 100%;"></div></div><span style="position: relative; margin: 0 0.3em;">7 / 75</span></div> </td> <td style="text-align: right;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 3 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2023_Dutch_Senate_election" title="2023 Dutch Senate election">2023</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Paul_van_Meenen" title="Paul van Meenen">Paul van Meenen</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_Democrats_66_candidates_in_the_2023_Dutch_Senate_election" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Democrats 66 candidates in the 2023 Dutch Senate election">List</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right;">11,144 </td> <td style="text-align: right;">6.2 </td> <td style="text-align: right;"><div role="img" class="nowrap" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; vertical-align: top; width: 100px; text-shadow: 0 0 0.2em #fff;"><div style="position: absolute; box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #c0c0c0; width: 100%; height: 100%; background-color: #f0f0f0;"><div style="background-color:#00AE41; width: 6.6666666666667%; height: 100%;"></div></div><span style="position: relative; margin: 0 0.3em;">5 / 75</span></div> </td> <td style="text-align: right;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 2 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="European_Parliament">European Parliament</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Democrats_66&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: European Parliament"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Election </th> <th>Lead candidate </th> <th>List </th> <th>Votes </th> <th>% </th> <th>Seats </th> <th>+/– </th> <th>EP Group </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1979_European_Parliament_election_in_the_Netherlands" title="1979 European Parliament election in the Netherlands">1979</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Aar_de_Goede" title="Aar de Goede">Aar de Goede</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Party_lists_in_the_1979_European_Parliament_election_in_the_Netherlands#D'66" class="mw-redirect" title="Party lists in the 1979 European Parliament election in the Netherlands">List</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right;">511,967 </td> <td style="text-align: right;">9.03 </td> <td style="text-align: right;"><div role="img" class="nowrap" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; vertical-align: top; width: 100px; text-shadow: 0 0 0.2em #fff;"><div style="position: absolute; box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #c0c0c0; width: 100%; height: 100%; background-color: #f0f0f0;"><div style="background-color:#00AE41; width: 8%; height: 100%;"></div></div><span style="position: relative; margin: 0 0.3em;">2 / 25</span></div> </td> <td>New </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Non-Inscrits" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-Inscrits">NI</a></i> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1984_European_Parliament_election_in_the_Netherlands" title="1984 European Parliament election in the Netherlands">1984</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Doeke_Eisma" title="Doeke Eisma">Doeke Eisma</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Party_lists_in_the_1984_European_Parliament_election_in_the_Netherlands#D'66" class="mw-redirect" title="Party lists in the 1984 European Parliament election in the Netherlands">List</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right;">120,826 </td> <td style="text-align: right;">2.28 </td> <td style="text-align: right;"><div role="img" class="nowrap" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; vertical-align: top; width: 100px; text-shadow: 0 0 0.2em #fff;"><div style="position: absolute; box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #c0c0c0; width: 100%; height: 100%; background-color: #f0f0f0;"><div style="background-color:#00AE41; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div><span style="position: relative; margin: 0 0.3em;">0 / 25</span></div> </td> <td style="text-align: right;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 2 </td> <td>– </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1989_European_Parliament_election_in_the_Netherlands" title="1989 European Parliament election in the Netherlands">1989</a> </th> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jan-Willem_Bertens&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jan-Willem Bertens (page does not exist)">Jan-Willem Bertens</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Party_lists_in_the_1989_European_Parliament_election_in_the_Netherlands#D66" class="mw-redirect" title="Party lists in the 1989 European Parliament election in the Netherlands">List</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right;">311,990 </td> <td style="text-align: right;">5.95 </td> <td style="text-align: right;"><div role="img" class="nowrap" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; vertical-align: top; width: 100px; text-shadow: 0 0 0.2em #fff;"><div style="position: absolute; box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #c0c0c0; width: 100%; height: 100%; background-color: #f0f0f0;"><div style="background-color:#00AE41; width: 4%; height: 100%;"></div></div><span style="position: relative; margin: 0 0.3em;">1 / 25</span></div> </td> <td style="text-align: right;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/European_Liberal_Democrat_and_Reform_Party_Group" title="European Liberal Democrat and Reform Party Group">LDR</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1994_European_Parliament_election_in_the_Netherlands" title="1994 European Parliament election in the Netherlands">1994</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Party_lists_in_the_1994_European_Parliament_election_in_the_Netherlands#D66" class="mw-redirect" title="Party lists in the 1994 European Parliament election in the Netherlands">List</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right;">481,826 </td> <td style="text-align: right;">11.66 </td> <td style="text-align: right;"><div role="img" class="nowrap" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; vertical-align: top; width: 100px; text-shadow: 0 0 0.2em #fff;"><div style="position: absolute; box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #c0c0c0; width: 100%; height: 100%; background-color: #f0f0f0;"><div style="background-color:#00AE41; width: 12.903225806452%; height: 100%;"></div></div><span style="position: relative; margin: 0 0.3em;">4 / 31</span></div> </td> <td style="text-align: right;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 3 </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/European_Liberal_Democrat_and_Reform_Party_Group" title="European Liberal Democrat and Reform Party Group">ELDR</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1999_European_Parliament_election_in_the_Netherlands" title="1999 European Parliament election in the Netherlands">1999</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Lousewies_van_der_Laan" title="Lousewies van der Laan">Lousewies van der Laan</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Party_lists_in_the_1999_European_Parliament_election_in_the_Netherlands#D66" class="mw-redirect" title="Party lists in the 1999 European Parliament election in the Netherlands">List</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right;">205,623 </td> <td style="text-align: right;">5.80 </td> <td style="text-align: right;"><div role="img" class="nowrap" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; vertical-align: top; width: 100px; text-shadow: 0 0 0.2em #fff;"><div style="position: absolute; box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #c0c0c0; width: 100%; height: 100%; background-color: #f0f0f0;"><div style="background-color:#00AE41; width: 6.4516129032258%; height: 100%;"></div></div><span style="position: relative; margin: 0 0.3em;">2 / 31</span></div> </td> <td style="text-align: right;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 2 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2004_European_Parliament_election_in_the_Netherlands" title="2004 European Parliament election in the Netherlands">2004</a> </th> <td rowspan="6"><a href="/wiki/Sophie_in_%27t_Veld" title="Sophie in 't Veld">Sophie in 't Veld</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Party_lists_in_the_2004_European_Parliament_election_in_the_Netherlands#Democrats_66_(D66)" class="mw-redirect" title="Party lists in the 2004 European Parliament election in the Netherlands">List</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right;">202,502 </td> <td style="text-align: right;">4.25 </td> <td style="text-align: right;"><div role="img" class="nowrap" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; vertical-align: top; width: 100px; text-shadow: 0 0 0.2em #fff;"><div style="position: absolute; box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #c0c0c0; width: 100%; height: 100%; background-color: #f0f0f0;"><div style="background-color:#00AE41; width: 3.7037037037037%; height: 100%;"></div></div><span style="position: relative; margin: 0 0.3em;">1 / 27</span></div> </td> <td style="text-align: right;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1 </td> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Alliance_of_Liberals_and_Democrats_for_Europe_group" title="Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe group">ALDE</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/2009_European_Parliament_election_in_the_Netherlands" title="2009 European Parliament election in the Netherlands">2009</a> </th> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Party_lists_in_the_2009_European_Parliament_election_in_the_Netherlands#Democrats_66_(D66)" class="mw-redirect" title="Party lists in the 2009 European Parliament election in the Netherlands">List</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right;" rowspan="2">515,422 </td> <td style="text-align: right;" rowspan="2">11.32 </td> <td style="text-align: right;"><div role="img" class="nowrap" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; vertical-align: top; width: 100px; text-shadow: 0 0 0.2em #fff;"><div style="position: absolute; box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #c0c0c0; width: 100%; height: 100%; background-color: #f0f0f0;"><div style="background-color:#00AE41; width: 12%; height: 100%;"></div></div><span style="position: relative; margin: 0 0.3em;">3 / 25</span></div> </td> <td style="text-align: right;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 2 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: right;"><div role="img" class="nowrap" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; vertical-align: top; width: 100px; text-shadow: 0 0 0.2em #fff;"><div style="position: absolute; box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #c0c0c0; width: 100%; height: 100%; background-color: #f0f0f0;"><div style="background-color:#00AE41; width: 11.538461538462%; height: 100%;"></div></div><span style="position: relative; margin: 0 0.3em;">3 / 26</span></div> </td> <td style="text-align: right;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election_in_the_Netherlands" title="2014 European Parliament election in the Netherlands">2014</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Party_lists_in_the_2014_European_Parliament_election_in_the_Netherlands#Democrats_66_(D66)_-_ALDE" class="mw-redirect" title="Party lists in the 2014 European Parliament election in the Netherlands">List</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right;">735,825 </td> <td style="text-align: right;">15.48 </td> <td style="text-align: right;"><div role="img" class="nowrap" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; vertical-align: top; width: 100px; text-shadow: 0 0 0.2em #fff;"><div style="position: absolute; box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #c0c0c0; width: 100%; height: 100%; background-color: #f0f0f0;"><div style="background-color:#00AE41; width: 15.384615384615%; height: 100%;"></div></div><span style="position: relative; margin: 0 0.3em;">4 / 26</span></div> </td> <td style="text-align: right;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1 </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election_in_the_Netherlands" title="2019 European Parliament election in the Netherlands">2019</a> </th> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Party_lists_in_the_2019_European_Parliament_election_in_the_Netherlands#Democrats_66_(D66)_-_ALDE" class="mw-redirect" title="Party lists in the 2019 European Parliament election in the Netherlands">List</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right;" rowspan="2">389,692 </td> <td style="text-align: right;" rowspan="2">7.09 </td> <td style="text-align: right;"><div role="img" class="nowrap" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; vertical-align: top; width: 100px; text-shadow: 0 0 0.2em #fff;"><div style="position: absolute; box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #c0c0c0; width: 100%; height: 100%; background-color: #f0f0f0;"><div style="background-color:#00AE41; width: 7.6923076923077%; height: 100%;"></div></div><span style="position: relative; margin: 0 0.3em;">2 / 26</span></div> </td> <td style="text-align: right;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 2 </td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Renew_Europe" title="Renew Europe">RE</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: right;"><div role="img" class="nowrap" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; vertical-align: top; width: 100px; text-shadow: 0 0 0.2em #fff;"><div style="position: absolute; box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #c0c0c0; width: 100%; height: 100%; background-color: #f0f0f0;"><div style="background-color:#00AE41; width: 6.8965517241379%; height: 100%;"></div></div><span style="position: relative; margin: 0 0.3em;">2 / 29</span></div> </td> <td style="text-align: right;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2024_European_Parliament_election_in_the_Netherlands" title="2024 European Parliament election in the Netherlands">2024</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Gerben-Jan_Gerbrandy" title="Gerben-Jan Gerbrandy">Gerben-Jan Gerbrandy</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Party_lists_in_the_2024_European_Parliament_election_in_the_Netherlands#D66" class="mw-redirect" title="Party lists in the 2024 European Parliament election in the Netherlands">List</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right;">523,650 </td> <td style="text-align: right;">8.40 </td> <td style="text-align: right;"><div role="img" class="nowrap" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; vertical-align: top; width: 100px; text-shadow: 0 0 0.2em #fff;"><div style="position: absolute; box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #c0c0c0; width: 100%; height: 100%; background-color: #f0f0f0;"><div style="background-color:#00AE41; width: 9.6774193548387%; height: 100%;"></div></div><span style="position: relative; margin: 0 0.3em;">3 / 31</span></div> </td> <td style="text-align: right;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organisation">Organisation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Democrats_66&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Organisation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Name_and_logo">Name and logo</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Democrats_66&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Name and logo"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At its foundation, the party was called <b>Democrats '66</b> (<a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a>: <i lang="nl">Democraten '66</i>, abbreviated <b>D'66</b>). The name referred to the party's goal of radical democratisation and to the year of foundation, which was supposed to convey a modern image. In 1981, the <a href="/wiki/Apostrophe" title="Apostrophe">apostrophe</a> was dropped: the name had become a successful political brand, but the year no longer conveyed a modern image. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1275594942">@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{width:100%!important}}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{display:table}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-default{background:transparent;margin-top:4px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-center{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-none{float:none}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-center .gallery{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-left .gallery{justify-content:left}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-right .gallery{justify-content:right}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-collapsible{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div{display:table-cell;padding:0 4px 4px;text-align:center;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main>div{display:table-cell}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallery.gallery.gallery{line-height:1.35em;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;column-gap:4px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div{display:table-cell;padding:4px;text-align:right;font-size:85%;line-height:1em}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div *,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div *{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallerybox img{background:none!important}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .bordered-images .thumb img{outline:solid var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0)1px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb{background:var(--background-color-base,#fff)!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .bordered-images .thumb img[alt*="\200b \200b \200b "],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .skin-invert-image .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb.thumb.thumb img{outline:solid #d7d7d7 1px}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .skin-invert-image .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb.thumb.thumb img{background:none!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb img:not([alt*="\200b \200b \200b "]):not([alt*="\200b \200b \200c "]){background:white!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .mod-gallery img[alt*="\200b \200b \200b "]{filter:invert(1)hue-rotate(180deg)}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .bordered-images .thumb img[alt*="\200b \200b \200b "],html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .skin-invert-image .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb.thumb.thumb img{outline:solid #d7d7d7 1px}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .skin-invert-image .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb.thumb.thumb img{background:none!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb img:not([alt*="\200b \200b \200b "]):not([alt*="\200b \200b \200c "]){background:white!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .mod-gallery img[alt*="\200b \200b \200b "]{filter:invert(1)hue-rotate(180deg)}}</style><div class="mod-gallery mod-gallery-default mod-gallery-center"><div class="title"><div>Logos of the Democrats 66</div></div><div class="main"><div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional nochecker bordered-images whitebg"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px; height: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:D%2766_politiek_program_1966.png" class="mw-file-description" title="1966–1984"><img alt="1966–1984" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/D%2766_politiek_program_1966.png/100px-D%2766_politiek_program_1966.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/D%2766_politiek_program_1966.png/150px-D%2766_politiek_program_1966.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/D%2766_politiek_program_1966.png/200px-D%2766_politiek_program_1966.png 2x" data-file-width="559" data-file-height="448" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1966–1984</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px; height: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:D66_logo_(1985%E2%80%932001).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="1985–2001"><img alt="1985–2001" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/D66_logo_%281985%E2%80%932001%29.svg/100px-D66_logo_%281985%E2%80%932001%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/D66_logo_%281985%E2%80%932001%29.svg/150px-D66_logo_%281985%E2%80%932001%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/D66_logo_%281985%E2%80%932001%29.svg/200px-D66_logo_%281985%E2%80%932001%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1985–2001</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px; height: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:D66_logo_(2002%E2%80%932006).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="2002–2006"><img alt="2002–2006" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/D66_logo_%282002%E2%80%932006%29.svg/100px-D66_logo_%282002%E2%80%932006%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="73" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/D66_logo_%282002%E2%80%932006%29.svg/150px-D66_logo_%282002%E2%80%932006%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/D66_logo_%282002%E2%80%932006%29.svg/200px-D66_logo_%282002%E2%80%932006%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="440" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">2002–2006</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px; height: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:D66_logo_(2006%E2%80%932008).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="2006–2008"><img alt="2006–2008" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/D66_logo_%282006%E2%80%932008%29.svg/100px-D66_logo_%282006%E2%80%932008%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="77" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/D66_logo_%282006%E2%80%932008%29.svg/150px-D66_logo_%282006%E2%80%932008%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/D66_logo_%282006%E2%80%932008%29.svg/200px-D66_logo_%282006%E2%80%932008%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="460" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">2006–2008</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px; height: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:D66_logo_(2008%E2%80%932019).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="2008–2019"><img alt="2008–2019" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/D66_logo_%282008%E2%80%932019%29.svg/100px-D66_logo_%282008%E2%80%932019%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="58" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/D66_logo_%282008%E2%80%932019%29.svg/150px-D66_logo_%282008%E2%80%932019%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/D66_logo_%282008%E2%80%932019%29.svg/200px-D66_logo_%282008%E2%80%932019%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="466" data-file-height="270" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">2008–2019</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px; height: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:D66_logo_(2019%E2%80%93present).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="2019–present"><img alt="2019–present" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/D66_logo_%282019%E2%80%93present%29.svg/100px-D66_logo_%282019%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="66" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/D66_logo_%282019%E2%80%93present%29.svg/150px-D66_logo_%282019%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/D66_logo_%282019%E2%80%93present%29.svg/200px-D66_logo_%282019%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="330" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">2019–present</div> </li> </ul></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Structure">Structure</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Democrats_66&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Structure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The highest organ of the D66 is the General Assembly, in which every member can participate. It convenes multiple times per year. It appoints the party board and has the last say over the party program. The <a href="/wiki/Party_list" class="mw-redirect" title="Party list">party list</a>, including the party's <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_group_leader" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliamentary group leader">parliamentary leader</a>, for the Senate, House of Representatives, European Parliament candidates are elected directly by the members. The party has between 250 and 300 branches all over the Netherlands. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Leadership">Leadership</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Democrats_66&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Leadership"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Chairpersons">Chairpersons</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Democrats_66&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Chairpersons"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1216972533">.mw-parser-output .col-begin{border-collapse:collapse;padding:0;color:inherit;width:100%;border:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .col-begin-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .col-break{vertical-align:top;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .col-break-2{width:50%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-3{width:33.3%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-4{width:25%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-5{width:20%}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .col-begin,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr>td{display:block!important;width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output .col-break{padding-left:0!important}}</style><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break col-break-2"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hans_van_Mierlo" title="Hans van Mierlo">Hans van Mierlo</a> <small>(14 September 1966 – 16 February 1967)</small></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gerben_Ringnalda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gerben Ringnalda (page does not exist)">Gerben Ringnalda</a> <small>(16 February 1967 – 18 November 1967)</small></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hans_van_Lookeren_Campagne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hans van Lookeren Campagne (page does not exist)">Hans van Lookeren Campagne</a> <small>(18 November 1967 – 14 December 1968)</small></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jan_Beekmans&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jan Beekmans (page does not exist)">Jan Beekmans</a> <small>(14 December 1968 – 7 November 1971)</small></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruby_van_der_Scheer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ruby van der Scheer (page does not exist)">Ruby van der Scheer</a> <small>(7 November 1971 – 11 March 1973)</small></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jan_ten_Brink_(Democrats_66)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jan ten Brink (Democrats 66) (page does not exist)">Jan ten Brink</a> <small>(11 March 1973 – 6 November 1976)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Glastra_van_Loon" title="Jan Glastra van Loon">Jan Glastra van Loon</a> <small>(6 November 1976 – 27 October 1979)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henk_Zeevalking" title="Henk Zeevalking">Henk Zeevalking</a> <small>(27 October 1979 – 11 September 1981)</small></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cees_Spigt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cees Spigt (page does not exist)">Cees Spigt</a> <small><i>(Ad interim)</i> (11 September 1981 – 14 November 1981)</small></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jan_van_Berkom&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jan van Berkom (page does not exist)">Jan van Berkom</a> <small>(14 November 1981 – 30 October 1982)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Kohnstamm" title="Jacob Kohnstamm">Jacob Kohnstamm</a> <small>(30 October 1982 – 20 May 1986)</small></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Olga_Scheltema&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Olga Scheltema (page does not exist)">Olga Scheltema</a> <small><i>(Ad interim)</i> (20 May 1986 – 1 November 1986)</small></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saskia_van_der_Loo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saskia van der Loo (page does not exist)">Saskia van der Loo</a> <small>(1 November 1986 – 29 October 1988)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Jager" title="Michel Jager">Michel Jager</a> <small>(29 October 1988 – 3 November 1990)</small></li></ul> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-2"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ries_Jansen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ries Jansen (page does not exist)">Ries Jansen</a> <small>(3 November 1990 – 28 November 1992)</small></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wim_Vrijhoef&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wim Vrijhoef (page does not exist)">Wim Vrijhoef</a> <small>(28 November 1992 – 23 November 1996)</small></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tom_Kok&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tom Kok (page does not exist)">Tom Kok</a> <small>(23 November 1996 – 20 November 1999)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerard_Schouw" title="Gerard Schouw">Gerard Schouw</a> <small>(20 November 1999 – 16 November 2002)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Pechtold" title="Alexander Pechtold">Alexander Pechtold</a> <small>(16 November 2002 – 31 March 2005)</small></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jan_Hoekema&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jan Hoekema (page does not exist)">Jan Hoekema</a> <small><i>(Ad interim)</i> (31 March 2005 – 21 May 2005)</small></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_Dales&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frank Dales (page does not exist)">Frank Dales</a> <small>(21 May 2005 – 2 March 2007)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerard_Schouw" title="Gerard Schouw">Gerard Schouw</a> <small><i>(Ad interim)</i> (2 March 2007 – 12 May 2007)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingrid_van_Engelshoven" title="Ingrid van Engelshoven">Ingrid van Engelshoven</a> <small>(12 May 2007 – 9 March 2013)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fleur_Gr%C3%A4per" title="Fleur Gräper">Fleur Gräper</a> <small>(9 March 2013 – 13 September 2015)</small></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Letty_Demmers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Letty Demmers (page does not exist)">Letty Demmers</a> <small>(13 September 2015 – 6 October 2018)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne-Marie_Spierings" title="Anne-Marie Spierings">Anne-Marie Spierings</a> <small>(6 October 2018 – 13 November 2021)</small></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Victor_Everhardt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Victor Everhardt (page does not exist)">Victor Everhardt</a> <small>(13 November 2021 – 23 November 2024)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandra_van_Huffelen" title="Alexandra van Huffelen">Alexandra van Huffelen</a> <small>(23 November 2024 – present)</small></li></ul> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Parliamentary_leaders">Parliamentary leaders</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Democrats_66&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Parliamentary leaders"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1216972533" /><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break col-break-2"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_leader" title="Parliamentary leader">Parliamentary leaders</a> in the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_(Netherlands)" title="House of Representatives (Netherlands)">House of Representatives</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hans_van_Mierlo" title="Hans van Mierlo">Hans van Mierlo</a> <small>(23 February 1967 – 1 September 1973)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Terlouw" title="Jan Terlouw">Jan Terlouw</a> <small>(1 September 1973 – 11 September 1981)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurens_Jan_Brinkhorst" title="Laurens Jan Brinkhorst">Laurens Jan Brinkhorst</a> <small>(11 September 1981 – 10 November 1982)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maarten_Engwirda" title="Maarten Engwirda">Maarten Engwirda</a> <small>(10 November 1982 – 3 June 1986)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_van_Mierlo" title="Hans van Mierlo">Hans van Mierlo</a> <small>(3 June 1986 – 22 August 1994)</small></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gerrit_Jan_Wolffensperger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gerrit Jan Wolffensperger (page does not exist)">Gerrit Jan Wolffensperger</a> <small>(22 August 1994 – 21 November 1997)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thom_de_Graaf" title="Thom de Graaf">Thom de Graaf</a> <small>(21 November 1997 – 19 May 1998)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Els_Borst" title="Els Borst">Els Borst</a> <small>(19 May 1998 – 30 May 1998)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thom_de_Graaf" title="Thom de Graaf">Thom de Graaf</a> <small>(30 May 1998 – 22 January 2003)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boris_Dittrich" title="Boris Dittrich">Boris Dittrich</a> <small>(22 January 2003 – 3 February 2006)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lousewies_van_der_Laan" title="Lousewies van der Laan">Lousewies van der Laan</a> <small>(3 February 2006 – 30 November 2006)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Pechtold" title="Alexander Pechtold">Alexander Pechtold</a> <small>(30 November 2006 – 9 October 2018)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rob_Jetten" title="Rob Jetten">Rob Jetten</a> <small>(9 October 2018 – 18 March 2021)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigrid_Kaag" title="Sigrid Kaag">Sigrid Kaag</a> <small>(18 March 2021 – 25 May 2021)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rob_Jetten" title="Rob Jetten">Rob Jetten</a> <small>(25 May 2021 – 28 September 2021)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigrid_Kaag" title="Sigrid Kaag">Sigrid Kaag</a> <small>(28 September 2021 – 10 January 2022)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Paternotte" title="Jan Paternotte">Jan Paternotte</a> <small>(11 January 2022 – 22 November 2023)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rob_Jetten" title="Rob Jetten">Rob Jetten</a> <small>(23 November 2023 – present)</small></li></ul></li></ul> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-2"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_leader" title="Parliamentary leader">Parliamentary leaders</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Senate_(Netherlands)" title="Senate (Netherlands)">Senate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bert_Schwarz" title="Bert Schwarz">Bert Schwarz</a> <small>(11 May 1971 – 17 September 1973)</small></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paula_Wassen-van_Schaveren&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paula Wassen-van Schaveren (page does not exist)">Paula Wassen-van Schaveren</a> <small>(17 September 1973 – 17 September 1974)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doeke_Eisma" title="Doeke Eisma">Doeke Eisma</a> <small>(17 September 1974 – 20 September 1977)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Glastra_van_Loon" title="Jan Glastra van Loon">Jan Glastra van Loon</a> <small>(16 September 1980 – 3 December 1985)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Vis" title="Jan Vis">Jan Vis</a> <small>(3 December 1985 – 1 March 1995)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eddy_Schuyer" title="Eddy Schuyer">Eddy Schuyer</a> <small>(1 March 1995 – 12 June 2007)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerard_Schouw" title="Gerard Schouw">Gerard Schouw</a> <small>(12 June 2007 – 17 June 2010)</small></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hans_Engels&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hans Engels (page does not exist)">Hans Engels</a> <small>(22 June 2010 – 7 June 2011)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_van_Boxtel" title="Roger van Boxtel">Roger van Boxtel</a> <small>(7 June 2011 – 9 June 2015)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thom_de_Graaf" title="Thom de Graaf">Thom de Graaf</a> <small>(9 June 2015 – 26 June 2018)</small></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hans_Engels&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hans Engels (page does not exist)">Hans Engels</a> <small>(26 June 2018 – 11 June 2019)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annelien_Bredenoord" title="Annelien Bredenoord">Annelien Bredenoord</a> <small>(11 June 2019 – 12 June 2023)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_van_Meenen" title="Paul van Meenen">Paul van Meenen</a> <small>(13 June 2023 – present)</small></li></ul></li></ul> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Linked_organisations">Linked organisations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Democrats_66&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Linked organisations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Youth_wing" title="Youth wing">youth wing</a> of D66 is called the <a href="/wiki/Young_Democrats_(Netherlands)" title="Young Democrats (Netherlands)">Young Democrats</a> (<a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a>: <i lang="nl">Jonge Democraten</i>, abbreviated JD). It has produced several prominent active members of D66, such as former MP <a href="/wiki/Boris_van_der_Ham" title="Boris van der Ham">Boris van der Ham</a>. The JD is a member of <a href="/wiki/European_Liberal_Youth" title="European Liberal Youth">European Liberal Youth</a> and the <a href="/wiki/International_Federation_of_Liberal_Youth" title="International Federation of Liberal Youth">International Federation of Liberal Youth</a>. </p><p>D66 is a co-founder of the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands_Institute_for_Multiparty_Democracy" title="Netherlands Institute for Multiparty Democracy">Netherlands Institute for Multiparty Democracy</a>, a democracy assistance organisation of seven Dutch political parties. The <a href="/wiki/Hans_van_Mierlo_Foundation" title="Hans van Mierlo Foundation">Hans van Mierlo Foundation</a> is the party's <a href="/wiki/Think_tank" title="Think tank">policy institute</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="International_affiliation">International affiliation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Democrats_66&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: International affiliation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>D66 is a member of the <a href="/wiki/Liberal_International" title="Liberal International">Liberal International</a> and of the <a href="/wiki/Alliance_of_Liberals_and_Democrats_for_Europe_Party" title="Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party">Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe</a> (ALDE). D66 joined the <a href="/wiki/European_Liberal_Democrat_and_Reform_Party_(European_Parliament_group)" class="mw-redirect" title="European Liberal Democrat and Reform Party (European Parliament group)">Liberal and Democratic Reformists</a> (LDR) group in 1989.<sup id="cite_ref-HellerMershon2009_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HellerMershon2009-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It became a full member of the <a href="/wiki/Alliance_of_Liberals_and_Democrats_for_Europe_Party" title="Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party">European Liberal Democrat and Reform Party</a> (ELDR) in 1994 and a full member of the Liberal International in 1986.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="European_Parliament_2">European Parliament</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Democrats_66&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: European Parliament"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The D66 delegation is part of the <a href="/wiki/Renew_Europe" title="Renew Europe">Renew Europe</a> group in the European Parliament. Prior to the <a href="/wiki/1979_European_Parliament_election_in_the_Netherlands" title="1979 European Parliament election in the Netherlands">first European elections in 1979</a>, D66's appointed <a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_European_Parliament" title="Member of the European Parliament">MEPs</a> were part of the <a href="/wiki/Progressive_Alliance_of_Socialists_and_Democrats" title="Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats">Socialist Group</a>, before switching to <a href="/wiki/Non-Inscrits" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-Inscrits">Non-Inscrits</a> from 1979 to 1984,<sup id="cite_ref-Kirchner1988_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kirchner1988-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/Alliance_of_Liberals_and_Democrats_for_Europe_group" title="Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe group">LDR/ELDR/ALDE</a> group since 1989.<sup id="cite_ref-HellerMershon2009_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HellerMershon2009-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Current members of the <a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a> since the <a href="/wiki/2024_European_Parliament_election_in_the_Netherlands" title="2024 European Parliament election in the Netherlands">2024 European Parliament election</a>: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gerben-Jan_Gerbrandy" title="Gerben-Jan Gerbrandy">Gerben-Jan Gerbrandy</a>, delegation leader</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raquel_Garcia_Hermida-van_der_Walle" class="mw-redirect" title="Raquel Garcia Hermida-van der Walle">Raquel Garcia Hermida-van der Walle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brigitte_van_den_Berg" title="Brigitte van den Berg">Brigitte van den Berg</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Committee_of_the_Regions">Committee of the Regions</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Democrats_66&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Committee of the Regions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/European_Committee_of_the_Regions" title="European Committee of the Regions">European Committee of the Regions</a>, the Democrats 66 party sits in the <a href="/wiki/Renew_Europe_in_the_European_Committee_of_the_Regions" title="Renew Europe in the European Committee of the Regions">Renew Europe CoR group</a>, with one full and one alternate member for the 2020–2025 mandate:<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_van_Asten&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert van Asten (page does not exist)">Robert van Asten</a> (alternate)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ellen_van_Selm&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ellen van Selm (page does not exist)">Ellen van Selm</a> (member)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Water_board">Water board</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Democrats_66&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Water board"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>D66 does not run an independent list for the <a href="/wiki/Water_board_(Netherlands)" title="Water board (Netherlands)">water board elections</a>. Instead, like <a href="/wiki/GroenLinks" title="GroenLinks">GroenLinks</a> and <a href="/wiki/Volt_Netherlands" title="Volt Netherlands">Volt Netherlands</a>, it recommends that its voters support <a href="/wiki/Water_Natuurlijk" title="Water Natuurlijk">Water Natuurlijk</a>, an independent, <a href="/wiki/Green_politics" title="Green politics">green</a>-oriented political party focused solely on water board elections. <sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Democrats_66&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Yellow_flag_waving.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Yellow_flag_waving.svg/26px-Yellow_flag_waving.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Yellow_flag_waving.svg/39px-Yellow_flag_waving.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Yellow_flag_waving.svg/52px-Yellow_flag_waving.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="249" data-file-height="268" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Liberalism" title="Portal:Liberalism">Liberalism portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_democracy" title="Liberal democracy">Liberal democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_the_Netherlands" title="Liberalism in the Netherlands">Liberalism in the Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_Natuurlijk" title="Water Natuurlijk">Water Natuurlijk</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Democrats_66&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Officially: <span title="Dutch-language text"><i lang="nl">Politieke Partij Democraten 66</i></span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="nl-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Dutch" title="Help:IPA/Dutch">[poːliˈtikə<span class="wrap"> </span>pɑrˈtɛi<span class="wrap"> </span>deːmoːˈkraːtə(n)<span class="wrap"> </span>ˌzɛsɛ(n)ˈzɛstəx]</a></span>, <abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">Political Party Democrats 66</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Democrats_66&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rug.nl/research/dnpp/themas/ledentallen/ledental-2024">"Ledentallen Nederlandse politieke partijen per 1 januari 2024"</a> [Membership of Dutch political parties as of 1 January 2024]. <i><a href="/wiki/University_of_Groningen" title="University of Groningen">University of Groningen</a></i> (in Dutch). Documentation Centre Dutch Political Parties. 28 February 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 February</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=University+of+Groningen&rft.atitle=Ledentallen+Nederlandse+politieke+partijen+per+1+januari+2024&rft.date=2024-02-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rug.nl%2Fresearch%2Fdnpp%2Fthemas%2Fledentallen%2Fledental-2024&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocrats+66" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-demsoc-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-demsoc_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-demsoc_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTerry2014" class="citation web cs1">Terry, Chris (11 May 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200410231719/https://www.demsoc.org/2014/05/11/democrats-66-d66/">"Democrats '66 (D66)"</a>. <i>The Democratic Society</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.demsoc.org/2014/05/11/democrats-66-d66/">the original</a> on 10 April 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Democratic+Society&rft.atitle=Democrats+%2766+%28D66%29&rft.date=2014-05-11&rft.aulast=Terry&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.demsoc.org%2F2014%2F05%2F11%2Fdemocrats-66-d66%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocrats+66" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.beneluxparl.eu/nl/politieke-fracties/">"Politieke fracties"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Benelux_Parliament" title="Benelux Parliament">Benelux Parliament</a></i> (in Dutch)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 August</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Benelux+Parliament&rft.atitle=Politieke+fracties&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.beneluxparl.eu%2Fnl%2Fpolitieke-fracties%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocrats+66" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSéveno2021" class="citation web cs1">Séveno, Victoria (18 March 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iamexpat.nl/expat-info/dutch-expat-news/vvd-holds-majority-d66-are-big-winners-dutch-election">"VVD holds onto majority but D66 are the big winners in Dutch election"</a>. <i>I Am Expat</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=I+Am+Expat&rft.atitle=VVD+holds+onto+majority+but+D66+are+the+big+winners+in+Dutch+election&rft.date=2021-03-18&rft.aulast=S%C3%A9veno&rft.aufirst=Victoria&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iamexpat.nl%2Fexpat-info%2Fdutch-expat-news%2Fvvd-holds-majority-d66-are-big-winners-dutch-election&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocrats+66" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNordsieck2021" class="citation web cs1">Nordsieck, Wolfram (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.parties-and-elections.eu/netherlands.html">"Netherlands"</a>. <i>Parties and Elections in Europe</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Parties+and+Elections+in+Europe&rft.atitle=Netherlands&rft.date=2021&rft.aulast=Nordsieck&rft.aufirst=Wolfram&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.parties-and-elections.eu%2Fnetherlands.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocrats+66" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCNAAN_LIPHSHIZ2021" class="citation web cs1">CNAAN LIPHSHIZ (21 March 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timesofisrael.com/27-year-old-israeli-dutch-jew-leads-new-progressive-party-into-dutch-parliament/">"27-year-old Israeli-Dutch Jew leads new progressive party into Dutch parliament"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_Israel" title="The Times of Israel">The Times of Israel</a></i>. <q>Finishing second was the left-wing progressive D66 party, which is close ideologically to Volt.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+Israel&rft.atitle=27-year-old+Israeli-Dutch+Jew+leads+new+progressive+party+into+Dutch+parliament&rft.date=2021-03-21&rft.au=CNAAN+LIPHSHIZ&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesofisrael.com%2F27-year-old-israeli-dutch-jew-leads-new-progressive-party-into-dutch-parliament%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocrats+66" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHenley2021" class="citation news cs1">Henley, Jon (18 March 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/mar/18/dutch-pm-mark-rutte-coalition-talks-election-victory">"Dutch election: progressive party surges as PM begins coalition talks"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Dutch+election%3A+progressive+party+surges+as+PM+begins+coalition+talks&rft.date=2021-03-18&rft.aulast=Henley&rft.aufirst=Jon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2021%2Fmar%2F18%2Fdutch-pm-mark-rutte-coalition-talks-election-victory&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocrats+66" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Multiple sources: <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UudtcJqumSUC&dq=Centrist+Democrats+66&pg=PA90">Coalition Politics and Cabinet Decision Making</a>. p.90. Author - Juliet Kaarbo. Published by the University of Michigan. First published in 2012. Accessed via Google Books.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/content/bce64ea2-f9f7-11e6-bd4e-68d53499ed71">Can a pro-EU party thrive in Dutch elections?</a> <i>Financial Times</i>. Author - Duncan Robinson. Published 27 February 2017. Retrieved 2 April 2018.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180403053019/https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-netherlands-politics-coalition/negotiations-to-form-new-dutch-government-to-resume-100-days-after-vote-idUKKBN19E2F3?il=0">Negotiations to form new Dutch government to resume 100 days after vote</a>. <i>Reuters</i>. Author - Bart H. Meijer. Published 23 June 2017. Retrieved 2 April 2018.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.politeiavu.com/post/tweede-kamer-verkiezingen-achter-de-schermen-bij-het-kieskompas">"Tweede Kamer Verkiezingen: Achter de schermen bij het Kieskompas"</a>. 5 March 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tweede+Kamer+Verkiezingen%3A+Achter+de+schermen+bij+het+Kieskompas&rft.date=2021-03-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.politeiavu.com%2Fpost%2Ftweede-kamer-verkiezingen-achter-de-schermen-bij-het-kieskompas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocrats+66" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFVít_HloušekLubomír_Kopeček2010" class="citation book cs1">Vít Hloušek; Lubomír Kopeček (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=K79sdX-amEgC&pg=PA109"><i>Origin, Ideology and Transformation of Political Parties: East-Central and Western Europe Compared</i></a>. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. pp. <span class="nowrap">108–</span>109. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7546-9661-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7546-9661-2"><bdi>978-0-7546-9661-2</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 July</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Origin%2C+Ideology+and+Transformation+of+Political+Parties%3A+East-Central+and+Western+Europe+Compared&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E108-%3C%2Fspan%3E109&rft.pub=Ashgate+Publishing%2C+Ltd.&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-7546-9661-2&rft.au=V%C3%ADt+Hlou%C5%A1ek&rft.au=Lubom%C3%ADr+Kope%C4%8Dek&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DK79sdX-amEgC%26pg%3DPA109&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocrats+66" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDimitri_Almeida2012" class="citation book cs1">Dimitri Almeida (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zGzZ0MpDjtsC&pg=PA98"><i>The Impact of European Integration on Political Parties: Beyond the Permissive Consensus</i></a>. Routledge. p. 98. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-69374-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-69374-5"><bdi>978-0-415-69374-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Impact+of+European+Integration+on+Political+Parties%3A+Beyond+the+Permissive+Consensus&rft.pages=98&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-415-69374-5&rft.au=Dimitri+Almeida&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzGzZ0MpDjtsC%26pg%3DPA98&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocrats+66" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFStefaan_FiersAndré_Krouwel2007" class="citation book cs1">Stefaan Fiers; André Krouwel (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fp0VDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA158">"The Low Countries: From Prime Minister to President-Minister"</a>. In Thomas Poguntke; Paul Webb (eds.). <i>The Presidentialization of Politics: A Comparative Study of Modern Democracies</i>. Oxford University Press. p. 158. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-921849-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-921849-3"><bdi>978-0-19-921849-3</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 July</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Europeanizing+Social+Democracy%3F%3A+The+Rise+of+the+Party+of+European+Socialists&rft.pages=74&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-415-34803-4&rft.au=Simon+Lightfoot&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dwd6DbuUVpxcC%26pg%3DPA74&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocrats+66" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Kaag-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kaag_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kaag_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d66.nl/nieuws/rob-jetten-nieuwe-lijsttrekker-d66/">"Rob Jetten nieuwe lijsttrekker D66"</a> (in Dutch). D66. 4 September 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rob+Jetten+nieuwe+lijsttrekker+D66&rft.pub=D66&rft.date=2020-09-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fd66.nl%2Fnieuws%2Frob-jetten-nieuwe-lijsttrekker-d66%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocrats+66" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1">"Oprichter van Mierlo: heeft D66 nog zin?". <a href="/wiki/Het_Parool" title="Het Parool">Het Parool</a>. 6 October 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Oprichter+van+Mierlo%3A+heeft+D66+nog+zin%3F&rft.date=2006-10-06&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocrats+66" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://n10.noties.nl/peil.nl/">Politieke Voorkeur sinds augustus 2008</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110724162442/https://n10.noties.nl/peil.nl/">Archived</a> 24 July 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> on peil.nl</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.politiekebarometer.nl/Polbarhistorie.htm">Trends sinds de laatste tweede kamer verkiezing</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090714011154/http://www.politiekebarometer.nl/Polbarhistorie.htm">Archived</a> 14 July 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> on politieke barometer.nl</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Dutch)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://n7.noties.nl/v/get.php?a=peil.nl&f=voorkeur.jpg&cache=0">"Politieke Voorkeur sinds Januari 2009,"</a> Peil.nl (24 January 2010) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110724162545/https://n7.noties.nl/v/get.php?a=peil.nl&f=voorkeur.jpg&cache=0">Archived</a> 2011-07-24 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Dutch)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120905224659/http://www.novatv.nl/page/detail/uitzendingen/5975/'Alexander+Pechtold+is+d%E9+oppositieleider+van+dit+moment'">"Alexander Pechtold is dé oppositieleider van dit moment,"</a> Hanneke van der Werf and Nynke de Zoeten, <i>Nova: Den Haag Vandaag</i> (19 April 2008)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-intermediair-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-intermediair_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Dutch)</span> Hugo Logtenberg, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.intermediair.nl/artikel/branches-rijksoverheid/59710/alexander-pechtold-ik-heb-meer-dan-ooit-criticasters-nodig.html">"Alexander Pechtold: Ik heb meer dan ooit criticasters nodig"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120223235443/http://www.intermediair.nl/artikel/branches-rijksoverheid/59710/alexander-pechtold-ik-heb-meer-dan-ooit-criticasters-nodig.html">Archived</a> 23 February 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> on <i>intermediair.nl</i> (2 April 2008)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nos.nl/artikel/2253630-alexander-pechtold-weg-als-partijleider-vertrekt-dinsdag-uit-kamer.html">"Alexander Pechtold weg als partijleider, vertrekt dinsdag uit Kamer"</a>. <i>NOS</i> (in Dutch). 6 October 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NOS&rft.atitle=Alexander+Pechtold+weg+als+partijleider%2C+vertrekt+dinsdag+uit+Kamer&rft.date=2018-10-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnos.nl%2Fartikel%2F2253630-alexander-pechtold-weg-als-partijleider-vertrekt-dinsdag-uit-kamer.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocrats+66" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nos.nl/artikel/2254034-rob-jetten-nieuwe-fractievoorzitter-d66.html">"Rob Jetten nieuwe fractievoorzitter D66"</a>. <i>NOS</i> (in Dutch). 9 October 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NOS&rft.atitle=Rob+Jetten+nieuwe+fractievoorzitter+D66&rft.date=2018-10-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnos.nl%2Fartikel%2F2254034-rob-jetten-nieuwe-fractievoorzitter-d66.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocrats+66" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rtlnieuws.nl/nieuws/nederland/artikel/5220541/d66-onderschat-pvv-overschat-de-peilingen">"Zo dichtbij zaten de peilingen bij de werkelijke uitslag van de verkiezingen"</a>. <i>RTL Nieuws</i> (in Dutch). 18 March 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=RTL+Nieuws&rft.atitle=Zo+dichtbij+zaten+de+peilingen+bij+de+werkelijke+uitslag+van+de+verkiezingen&rft.date=2021-03-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rtlnieuws.nl%2Fnieuws%2Fnederland%2Fartikel%2F5220541%2Fd66-onderschat-pvv-overschat-de-peilingen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocrats+66" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nos.nl/collectie/13944/artikel/2486391-nieuwe-d66-leider-jetten-wil-de-mensen-opzoeken">"Nieuwe D66-leider Jetten wil 'de mensen opzoeken'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>nos.nl</i> (in Dutch). 12 August 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nos.nl&rft.atitle=Nieuwe+D66-leider+Jetten+wil+%27de+mensen+opzoeken%27&rft.date=2023-08-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnos.nl%2Fcollectie%2F13944%2Fartikel%2F2486391-nieuwe-d66-leider-jetten-wil-de-mensen-opzoeken&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocrats+66" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d66.nl/standpunt-over/ambitieus-europa-op-klimaat/">"D66 wil ambitieuze afspraken over beleid voor klimaat in Europa"</a>. <i>D66. Voor de toekomst</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=D66.+Voor+de+toekomst.&rft.atitle=D66+wil+ambitieuze+afspraken+over+beleid+voor+klimaat+in+Europa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fd66.nl%2Fstandpunt-over%2Fambitieus-europa-op-klimaat%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocrats+66" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGiesen2013" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Giesen, Peter (27 March 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.volkskrant.nl/gs-b726ac75">"Jacht en plezier"</a>. <i>de Volkskrant</i> (in Dutch)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 July</span> 2019</span>. <q>In hun plan Mooi Nederland willen PvdA, D66 en GroenLinks de 'plezierjacht' verbieden. Jagen is slechts geoorloofd als het een nuttig doel dient, zoals gewasbescherming of faunabeheer. Daarom willen ze de wildlijst van vrij bejaagbare dieren (onder meer haas, fazant en konijn) afschaffen.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=de+Volkskrant&rft.atitle=Jacht+en+plezier&rft.date=2013-03-27&rft.aulast=Giesen&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.volkskrant.nl%2Fgs-b726ac75&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocrats+66" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190719213751/https://groenlinks.nl/sites/groenlinks.nl/files/Initiatiefnota%20Mooi%20Nederland.pdf">"Initiatiefnota Mooi Nederland"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>GroenLinks</i>. 2013. pp. 4, 9, <span class="nowrap">40–</span>41. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://groenlinks.nl/sites/groenlinks.nl/files/Initiatiefnota%20Mooi%20Nederland.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 19 July 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GroenLinks&rft.atitle=Initiatiefnota+Mooi+Nederland&rft.pages=4%2C+9%2C+%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E40-%3C%2Fspan%3E41&rft.date=2013&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgroenlinks.nl%2Fsites%2Fgroenlinks.nl%2Ffiles%2FInitiatiefnota%2520Mooi%2520Nederland.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocrats+66" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://noordholland.d66.nl/2015/03/06/d66-werkt-aan-echte-stilte-stiltegebieden/">"D66 werkt aan echte stilte in stiltegebieden"</a>. <i>D66 Noord-Holland</i>. 6 March 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=D66+Noord-Holland&rft.atitle=D66+werkt+aan+echte+stilte+in+stiltegebieden&rft.date=2015-03-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnoordholland.d66.nl%2F2015%2F03%2F06%2Fd66-werkt-aan-echte-stilte-stiltegebieden%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocrats+66" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iamexpat.nl/read-and-discuss/expat-page/news/winners-losers-results-dutch-municipal-elections-2014">"Winners & Losers: Dutch Municipal Elections 2014"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140325025417/http://www.iamexpat.nl/read-and-discuss/expat-page/news/winners-losers-results-dutch-municipal-elections-2014">Archived</a> from the original on 25 March 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 October</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Winners+%26+Losers%3A+Dutch+Municipal+Elections+2014&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iamexpat.nl%2Fread-and-discuss%2Fexpat-page%2Fnews%2Fwinners-losers-results-dutch-municipal-elections-2014&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocrats+66" class="Z3988"></span>, I Am Expat, 21 March 2014</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nos.nl/artikel/625676-d66-verovert-grote-steden.html">"D66 verovert grote steden"</a>. 20 March 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304141149/http://nos.nl/artikel/625676-d66-verovert-grote-steden.html">Archived</a> from the original on 4 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 October</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=D66+verovert+grote+steden&rft.date=2014-03-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnos.nl%2Fartikel%2F625676-d66-verovert-grote-steden.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocrats+66" class="Z3988"></span> NOS.nl, 20 March 2014</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HellerMershon2009-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HellerMershon2009_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HellerMershon2009_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWilliam_HellerCarol_Mershon2009" class="citation book cs1">William Heller; Carol Mershon (23 June 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jvfGAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA153"><i>Political Parties and Legislative Party Switching</i></a>. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 153. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-230-62255-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-230-62255-5"><bdi>978-0-230-62255-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Political+Parties+and+Legislative+Party+Switching&rft.pages=153&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2009-06-23&rft.isbn=978-0-230-62255-5&rft.au=William+Heller&rft.au=Carol+Mershon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjvfGAAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA153&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocrats+66" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.liberal-international.org/editorial.asp?ia_id=762">Democrats 66</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091006020106/http://www.liberal-international.org/editorial.asp?ia_id=762">Archived</a> 6 October 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> on liberal-international.org</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kirchner1988-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kirchner1988_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFEmil_J._Kirchner1988" class="citation book cs1">Emil J. Kirchner (3 November 1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wtCIzAyQChQC&pg=PA412"><i>Liberal Parties in Western Europe</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. p. 412. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-32394-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-32394-9"><bdi>978-0-521-32394-9</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Liberal+Parties+in+Western+Europe&rft.pages=412&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1988-11-03&rft.isbn=978-0-521-32394-9&rft.au=Emil+J.+Kirchner&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwtCIzAyQChQC%26pg%3DPA412&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocrats+66" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cor.europa.eu/en/members/Pages/default.aspx?Country=Netherlands&PoliticalGroup=Renew%20Europe">"Members"</a>. <i>European Committee of the Regions</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=European+Committee+of+the+Regions&rft.atitle=Members&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcor.europa.eu%2Fen%2Fmembers%2FPages%2Fdefault.aspx%3FCountry%3DNetherlands%26PoliticalGroup%3DRenew%2520Europe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocrats+66" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Democrats_66&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBrummerOtjes2021" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Brummer, Coen; Otjes, Simon (October 2021). <i>Tussen bestormen en besturen. 55 jaar D66 in de Nederlandse politiek</i> (in Dutch). Boom. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789024441440" title="Special:BookSources/9789024441440"><bdi>9789024441440</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tussen+bestormen+en+besturen.+55+jaar+D66+in+de+Nederlandse+politiek.&rft.pub=Boom&rft.date=2021-10&rft.isbn=9789024441440&rft.aulast=Brummer&rft.aufirst=Coen&rft.au=Otjes%2C+Simon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocrats+66" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Democrats_66&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.d66.nl/">Official website</a></span></span> <span class="languageicon">(in Dutch)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://international.d66.nl/">International website</a> <span class="languageicon">(in English)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dnpp.nl/dnpp/pp/d66">Profile at DNPP</a> <span class="languageicon">(in Dutch)</span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Alliance_of_Liberals_and_Democrats_for_Europe_Party" title="Template:Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:black">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Alliance_of_Liberals_and_Democrats_for_Europe_Party" title="Template talk:Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:black">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Alliance_of_Liberals_and_Democrats_for_Europe_Party" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:black">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Alliance_of_Liberals_and_Democrats_for_Europe_Party676" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Alliance_of_Liberals_and_Democrats_for_Europe_Party" title="Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:black">Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:gold; color:black;"><div>European Parliament group: <a href="/wiki/Renew_Europe" title="Renew Europe"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:black">Renew Europe</span></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:gold; color:black;;width:1%">Parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:gold; color:black;;width:1%">Member parties (<a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">EU</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria"><img alt="Austria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/15px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/30px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/NEOS_(Austria)" title="NEOS (Austria)">NEOS</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium"><img alt="Belgium" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Belgium.svg/13px-Flag_of_Belgium.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Belgium.svg/20px-Flag_of_Belgium.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Belgium.svg/26px-Flag_of_Belgium.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="780" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Open_Vlaamse_Liberalen_en_Democraten" class="mw-redirect" title="Open Vlaamse Liberalen en Democraten">Open Vld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mouvement_R%C3%A9formateur" class="mw-redirect" title="Mouvement Réformateur">MR</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia"><img alt="Croatia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Croatian_People%27s_Party_%E2%80%93_Liberal_Democrats" title="Croatian People's Party – Liberal Democrats">HNS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Social_Liberal_Party" title="Croatian Social Liberal Party">HSLS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istrian_Democratic_Assembly" title="Istrian Democratic Assembly">IDS/DDI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civic_Liberal_Alliance" title="Civic Liberal Alliance">Glas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centre_(Croatian_political_party)" title="Centre (Croatian political party)">Centar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Focus_(Croatian_political_party)" title="Focus (Croatian political party)">Fokus</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus"><img alt="Cyprus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/15px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/30px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/United_Democrats" title="United Democrats">EDI/Ε.ΔΗ.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Alignment_(Cyprus)" title="Democratic Alignment (Cyprus)">DiPa/ΔηΠα</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark"><img alt="Denmark" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/15px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/23px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/30px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Danish_Social_Liberal_Party" title="Danish Social Liberal Party">B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venstre_(Denmark)" title="Venstre (Denmark)">V</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia"><img alt="Estonia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="630" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Estonian_Reform_Party" title="Estonian Reform Party">RE</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland"><img alt="Finland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/15px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/30px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Centre_Party_(Finland)" title="Centre Party (Finland)">Kesk./C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_People%27s_Party_of_Finland" title="Swedish People's Party of Finland">RKP/SFP</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/15px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/30px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Radical_Party_(France)" title="Radical Party (France)">PR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Democrats_and_Independents" title="Union of Democrats and Independents">UDI</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/15px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/30px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Free_Democratic_Party_(Germany)" title="Free Democratic Party (Germany)">FDP</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary"><img alt="Hungary" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/15px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/30px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Liberal_Party" title="Hungarian Liberal Party">Liberálisok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Momentum_Movement" title="Momentum Movement">Momentum</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland"><img alt="Republic of Ireland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/15px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/30px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Fianna_F%C3%A1il" title="Fianna Fáil">FF</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/15px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/30px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Action_(Italian_political_party)" title="Action (Italian political party)">A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/More_Europe" title="More Europe">+E</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Radicals" title="Italian Radicals">RI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Liberal_Democrats" title="European Liberal Democrats">LDE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Team_K%C3%B6llensperger" class="mw-redirect" title="Team Köllensperger">TK</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia"><img alt="Latvia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Latvian_Development" class="mw-redirect" title="Latvian Development">LA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Movement_For!" title="Movement For!">Par!</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania"><img alt="Lithuania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/15px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/30px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Freedom_Party_(Lithuania)" title="Freedom Party (Lithuania)">LP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberals%27_Movement_(Lithuania)" title="Liberals' Movement (Lithuania)">LS</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg"><img alt="Luxembourg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/15px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/23px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/30px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(Luxembourg)" title="Democratic Party (Luxembourg)">DP</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands"><img alt="Netherlands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/15px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">D66</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_for_Freedom_and_Democracy" title="People's Party for Freedom and Democracy">VVD</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland"><img alt="Poland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/15px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/30px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Modern_(political_party)" title="Modern (political party)">Nowoczesna</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal"><img alt="Portugal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/15px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/30px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Initiative_(Portugal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberal Initiative (Portugal)">IL</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania"><img alt="Romania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/15px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/30px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Save_Romania_Union" title="Save Romania Union">USR</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia"><img alt="Slovakia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Progressive_Slovakia" title="Progressive Slovakia">PS</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/15px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/30px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Citizens_(Spanish_political_party)" title="Citizens (Spanish political party)">C's</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden"><img alt="Sweden" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/15px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/30px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Centre_Party_(Sweden)" title="Centre Party (Sweden)">C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberals_(Sweden)" title="Liberals (Sweden)">L</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:gold; color:black;;width:1%">Member parties (non-EU)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Andorra" title="Andorra"><img alt="Andorra" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Andorra.svg/15px-Flag_of_Andorra.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Andorra.svg/23px-Flag_of_Andorra.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Andorra.svg/30px-Flag_of_Andorra.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Action_for_Andorra" title="Action for Andorra">ACC!Ó</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Andorra" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberal Party of Andorra">PLA</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia"><img alt="Armenia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Armenian_National_Congress" title="Armenian National Congress">ANC/ՀԱԿ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bright_Armenia" title="Bright Armenia">BA/ԼՀ</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan"><img alt="Azerbaijan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/15px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/30px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Musavat" title="Musavat">Müsavat</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus"><img alt="Belarus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/15px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/30px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Belarusian_Liberal_Party_of_Freedom_and_Progress" class="mw-redirect" title="Belarusian Liberal Party of Freedom and Progress">PFP/ПСП</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina"><img alt="Bosnia and Herzegovina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/15px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/30px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Our_Party_(Bosnia_and_Herzegovina)" title="Our Party (Bosnia and Herzegovina)">NS</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)"><img alt="Georgia (country)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_of_Georgia" title="Republican Party of Georgia">RP/რპ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Democrats_(Georgia)" title="Free Democrats (Georgia)">FD/თდ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategy_Aghmashenebeli" title="Strategy Aghmashenebeli">SA/სა</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lelo_for_Georgia" title="Lelo for Georgia">Lelo/ლელო</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Girchi_-_More_Freedom" class="mw-redirect" title="Girchi - More Freedom">Girchi-MF/გირჩი-მთ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Droa" title="Droa">Droa/დროა</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland"><img alt="Iceland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/15px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/30px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1250" data-file-height="900" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Vi%C3%B0reisn" title="Viðreisn">Viðreisn</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo"><img alt="Kosovo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/15px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/30px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="840" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/New_Kosovo_Alliance" title="New Kosovo Alliance">AKR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_Kosovo" title="Democratic Party of Kosovo">PDK</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova"><img alt="Moldova" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/15px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/23px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/30px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="900" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Moldova" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberal Party of Moldova">PL</a></li> <li>CUB</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro"><img alt="Montenegro" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/15px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/23px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/30px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Montenegro" title="Liberal Party of Montenegro">LPCG</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia"><img alt="North Macedonia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/15px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/30px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democratic_Party_(North_Macedonia)" title="Liberal Democratic Party (North Macedonia)">LDP/ЛДП</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway"><img alt="Norway" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/15px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/23px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/30px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(Norway)" title="Liberal Party (Norway)">V</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_of_Russia_%E2%80%93_People%27s_Freedom_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Republican Party of Russia – People's Freedom Party">RPR-PARNAS/РПР-ПАРНАС</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yabloko" title="Yabloko">Yabloko/Я́блоко</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia"><img alt="Serbia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Movement_of_Free_Citizens_(Serbia)" title="Movement of Free Citizens (Serbia)">PSG</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland"><img alt="Switzerland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/11px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/17px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/FDP.The_Liberals" class="mw-redirect" title="FDP.The Liberals">FDP/PLR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Liberal_Party_of_Switzerland" title="Green Liberal Party of Switzerland">glp/pvl</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine"><img alt="Ukraine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/15px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/30px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/European_Party_of_Ukraine" title="European Party of Ukraine">EPU/ЄПУ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Position" title="Civil Position">CP/ГП</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_of_the_People" title="Power of the People">SL/СЛ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Servant_of_the_People" title="Servant of the People">SN/СН</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voice_(Ukrainian_political_party)" class="mw-redirect" title="Voice (Ukrainian political party)">Holos/Голос</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/15px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Alliance_Party_of_Northern_Ireland" title="Alliance Party of Northern Ireland">Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democrats_(UK)" title="Liberal Democrats (UK)">Lib Dems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Gibraltar" title="Liberal Party of Gibraltar">Libs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:gold; color:black;;width:1%">Party Presidents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gaston_Thorn" title="Gaston Thorn">Gaston Thorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willy_De_Clercq" title="Willy De Clercq">Willy De Clercq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colette_Flesch" title="Colette Flesch">Colette Flesch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willy_De_Clercq" title="Willy De Clercq">Willy De Clercq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uffe_Ellemann-Jensen" title="Uffe Ellemann-Jensen">Uffe Ellemann-Jensen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Werner_Hoyer" title="Werner Hoyer">Werner Hoyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annemie_Neyts-Uyttebroeck" title="Annemie Neyts-Uyttebroeck">Annemie Neyts-Uyttebroeck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graham_Watson" title="Graham Watson">Graham Watson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_van_Baalen" title="Hans van Baalen">Hans van Baalen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:gold; color:black;;width:1%">European Parliament<br />Group Presidents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yvon_Delbos" title="Yvon Delbos">Yvon Delbos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Pleven" title="René Pleven">René Pleven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornelis_Berkhouwer" title="Cornelis Berkhouwer">Cornelis Berkhouwer</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean_Durieux&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean Durieux (page does not exist)">Jean Durieux</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Durieux" class="extiw" title="fr:Jean Durieux">fr</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Pintat" title="Jean-François Pintat">Jean-François Pintat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Bangemann" title="Martin Bangemann">Martin Bangemann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simone_Veil" title="Simone Veil">Simone Veil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valery_Giscard_d%27Estaing" class="mw-redirect" title="Valery Giscard d'Estaing">Valery Giscard d'Estaing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yves_Galland" title="Yves Galland">Yves Galland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gijs_de_Vries" title="Gijs de Vries">Gijs de Vries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Cox" title="Pat Cox">Pat Cox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graham_Watson" title="Graham Watson">Graham Watson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guy_Verhofstadt" title="Guy Verhofstadt">Guy Verhofstadt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dacian_Ciolo%C8%99" title="Dacian Cioloș">Dacian Cioloș</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St%C3%A9phane_S%C3%A9journ%C3%A9" title="Stéphane Séjourné">Stéphane Séjourné</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Val%C3%A9rie_Hayer" title="Valérie Hayer">Valérie Hayer</a></li> <li><b>see <a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a></b></li></ul> <hr /> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:gold; color:black;;width:1%">European Commissioners<br />(2024–2029)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kaja_Kallas" title="Kaja Kallas">Kaja Kallas</a> (Vice-President and High Representative)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_McGrath_(Irish_politician)" title="Michael McGrath (Irish politician)">Michael McGrath</a> (Democracy, Justice, and the Rule of Law)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadja_Lahbib" title="Hadja Lahbib">Hadja Lahbib</a> (Preparedness, Crisis Management, and Equality)</li> <li><b>see <a href="/wiki/Von_der_Leyen_Commission_II" title="Von der Leyen Commission II">Von der Leyen Commission II</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:gold; color:black;;width:1%">Heads of government<br />at the European Council</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_De_Croo" title="Alexander De Croo">Alexander De Croo</a> (Belgium)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kristen_Michal" title="Kristen Michal">Kristen Michal</a> (Estonia)</li> <li><b>see <a href="/wiki/European_Council" title="European Council">European Council</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:gold; color:black;;width:1%">Affiliated organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Liberal_Youth" title="European Liberal Youth">European Liberal Youth</a> (LYMEC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Liberal_Forum" title="European Liberal Forum">European Liberal Forum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2" style="background:gold; color:black;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Alliance_of_Liberals_and_Democrats_for_Europe_Party" title="Category:Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Renew_Europe312" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#FFD700; color:black;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Renew_Europe" title="Template:Renew Europe"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:black">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Renew_Europe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Renew Europe (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:black">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Renew_Europe" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Renew Europe"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:black">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Renew_Europe312" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Renew_Europe" title="Renew Europe"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:black">Renew Europe</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#FFD700; color:black;"><div><a href="/wiki/Political_groups_of_the_European_Parliament" title="Political groups of the European Parliament"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:black">European Parliament group</span></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFD700; color:black;;width:1%">Member parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFD700; color:black;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/European_political_party" title="European political party"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:black">European parties</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alliance_of_Liberals_and_Democrats_for_Europe_Party" title="Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party">Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Democratic_Party" title="European Democratic Party">European Democratic Party</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFD700; color:black;;width:1%">National parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria"><img alt="Austria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/15px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/30px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/NEOS_(Austria)" title="NEOS (Austria)">NEOS</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium"><img alt="Belgium" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Belgium.svg/13px-Flag_of_Belgium.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Belgium.svg/20px-Flag_of_Belgium.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Belgium.svg/26px-Flag_of_Belgium.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="780" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Reformist_Movement" title="Reformist Movement">MR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Flemish_Liberals_and_Democrats" title="Open Flemish Liberals and Democrats">Open Vld</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria"><img alt="Bulgaria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/15px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/30px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Movement_for_Rights_and_Freedoms" title="Movement for Rights and Freedoms">DPS/ДПС</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia"><img alt="Croatia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Istrian_Democratic_Assembly" title="Istrian Democratic Assembly">IDS/DDI</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark"><img alt="Denmark" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/15px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/23px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/30px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Venstre_(Denmark)" title="Venstre (Denmark)">V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_Social_Liberal_Party" title="Danish Social Liberal Party">B</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia"><img alt="Estonia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="630" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Estonian_Centre_Party" title="Estonian Centre Party">K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_Reform_Party" title="Estonian Reform Party">RE</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland"><img alt="Finland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/15px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/30px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Centre_Party_(Finland)" title="Centre Party (Finland)">Kesk./C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_People%27s_Party_of_Finland" title="Swedish People's Party of Finland">RKP/SFP</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/15px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/30px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Renaissance_(French_political_party)" title="Renaissance (French political party)">RE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Movement_(France)" title="Democratic Movement (France)">MoDem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radical_Party_(France)" title="Radical Party (France)">PR</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/15px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/30px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Free_Democratic_Party_(Germany)" title="Free Democratic Party (Germany)">FDP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Voters" title="Free Voters">FW</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary"><img alt="Hungary" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/15px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/30px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Momentum_Movement" title="Momentum Movement">Momentum</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland"><img alt="Republic of Ireland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/15px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/30px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Fianna_F%C3%A1il" title="Fianna Fáil">FF</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/15px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/30px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Italia_Viva" title="Italia Viva">IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_(Italian_political_party)" title="Action (Italian political party)">A</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia"><img alt="Latvia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Development/For!" title="Development/For!">AP!</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania"><img alt="Lithuania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/15px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/30px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Movement_(Lithuania)" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberal Movement (Lithuania)">LS</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg"><img alt="Luxembourg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/15px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/23px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/30px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(Luxembourg)" title="Democratic Party (Luxembourg)">DP</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands"><img alt="Netherlands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/15px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">D66</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_for_Freedom_and_Democracy" title="People's Party for Freedom and Democracy">VVD</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland"><img alt="Poland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/15px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/30px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Poland_2050" title="Poland 2050">PL2050</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania"><img alt="Romania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/15px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/30px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Save_Romania_Union" title="Save Romania Union">USR</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia"><img alt="Slovakia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Progressive_Slovakia" title="Progressive Slovakia">PS</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia"><img alt="Slovenia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Freedom_Movement_(Slovenia)" title="Freedom Movement (Slovenia)">GS</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/15px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/30px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Citizens_(Spanish_political_party)" title="Citizens (Spanish political party)">C's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basque_Nationalist_Party" title="Basque Nationalist Party">EAJ-PNV</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden"><img alt="Sweden" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/15px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/30px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Centre_Party_(Sweden)" title="Centre Party (Sweden)">C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberals_(Sweden)" title="Liberals (Sweden)">L</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFD700; color:black;;width:1%">Leadership</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>President: <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/15px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/30px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/St%C3%A9phane_S%C3%A9journ%C3%A9" title="Stéphane Séjourné">Stéphane Séjourné</a></li> <li>First Vice-President: <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands"><img alt="Netherlands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/15px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Malik_Azmani" title="Malik Azmani">Malik Azmani</a></li> <li>Vice-Presidents: <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/15px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/30px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Sylvie_Brunet" class="mw-redirect" title="Sylvie Brunet">Sylvie Brunet</a>, <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary"><img alt="Hungary" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/15px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/30px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Katalin_Cseh" title="Katalin Cseh">Katalin Cseh</a>, <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/15px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/30px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Jordi_Ca%C3%B1as_P%C3%A9rez" class="mw-redirect" title="Jordi Cañas Pérez">Jordi Cañas Pérez</a>, <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark"><img alt="Denmark" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/15px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/23px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/30px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Morten_L%C3%B8kkegaard" title="Morten Løkkegaard">Morten Løkkegaard</a>, <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria"><img alt="Bulgaria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/15px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/30px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Iskra_Mihaylova" title="Iskra Mihaylova">Iskra Mihaylova</a>, <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium"><img alt="Belgium" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/15px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9rique_Ries" title="Frédérique Ries">Frédérique Ries</a>, <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/15px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/30px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Dominique_Riquet" title="Dominique Riquet">Dominique Riquet</a>, <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia"><img alt="Slovakia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Michal_%C5%A0ime%C4%8Dka" title="Michal Šimečka">Michal Šimečka</a></li> <li>Secretary General: <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark"><img alt="Denmark" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/15px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/23px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/30px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></a></span></span> Anders Rasmussen</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Political_parties_in_the_Netherlands269" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Political_parties_in_the_Netherlands" title="Template:Political parties in the Netherlands"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Political_parties_in_the_Netherlands" title="Template talk:Political parties in the Netherlands"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Political_parties_in_the_Netherlands" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Political parties in the Netherlands"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Political_parties_in_the_Netherlands269" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_the_Netherlands" title="List of political parties in the Netherlands">Political parties in the Netherlands</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal;">represented in the<br />States General and/or<br />European Parliament</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/50PLUS" title="50PLUS">50PLUS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Democratic_Appeal" title="Christian Democratic Appeal">Christian Democratic Appeal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Union_(Netherlands)" title="Christian Union (Netherlands)">Christian Union</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Democrats 66</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denk_(political_party)" title="Denk (political party)">Denk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farmer%E2%80%93Citizen_Movement" title="Farmer–Citizen Movement">Farmer–Citizen Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forum_for_Democracy" title="Forum for Democracy">Forum for Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GroenLinks%E2%80%93PvdA" title="GroenLinks–PvdA">GroenLinks–PvdA</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GroenLinks" title="GroenLinks">GroenLinks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(Netherlands)" title="Labour Party (Netherlands)">Labour Party</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Politics_Netherlands" title="Independent Politics Netherlands">Independent Politics Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JA21" title="JA21">JA21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Social_Contract" title="New Social Contract">New Social Contract</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_for_Freedom" title="Party for Freedom">Party for Freedom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_for_the_Animals" title="Party for the Animals">Party for the Animals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_for_Freedom_and_Democracy" title="People's Party for Freedom and Democracy">People's Party for Freedom and Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformed_Political_Party" title="Reformed Political Party">Reformed Political Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_(Netherlands)" title="Socialist Party (Netherlands)">Socialist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volt_Netherlands" title="Volt Netherlands">Volt Netherlands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal;">without representation in<br />the States General and/or<br />European Parliament</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belang_van_Nederland" title="Belang van Nederland">Belang van Nederland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BIJ1" title="BIJ1">BIJ1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_Orange_(political_party)" title="Code Orange (political party)">Code Orange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Nieuwe_Mens" title="De Nieuwe Mens">De Nieuwe Mens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_People%27s_Union" title="Dutch People's Union">Dutch People's Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forza!_Nederland" title="Forza! Nederland">Forza! Nederland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heart_for_Freedom" title="Heart for Freedom">Heart for Freedom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henk_Krol_List" class="mw-redirect" title="Henk Krol List">Henk Krol List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jezus_Leeft" title="Jezus Leeft">Jezus Leeft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LEF_%E2%80%93_For_the_New_Generation" title="LEF – For the New Generation">LEF – For the New Generation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democratic_Party_(Netherlands)" title="Liberal Democratic Party (Netherlands)">Liberal Democratic Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Party_(Netherlands)" title="Libertarian Party (Netherlands)">Libertarian Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/More_Direct_Democracy" title="More Direct Democracy">More Direct Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nederland_met_een_Plan" title="Nederland met een Plan">Nederland met een Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Communist_Party_of_the_Netherlands" title="New Communist Party of the Netherlands">New Communist Party of the Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NLBeter" title="NLBeter">NLBeter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otten_Group" title="Otten Group">Otten Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_for_the_Republic" title="Party for the Republic">Party for the Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_for_Sports" title="Party for Sports">Party for Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirate_Party_(Netherlands)" title="Pirate Party (Netherlands)">Pirate Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_Party_for_Basic_Income" title="Political Party for Basic Income">Political Party for Basic Income</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Splinter_(political_party)" title="Splinter (political party)">Splinter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Greens_(Netherlands)" title="The Greens (Netherlands)">The Greens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_of_the_Future" title="Party of the Future">The Party Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Together_for_the_Netherlands" title="Together for the Netherlands">Together for the Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trots_op_Nederland" title="Trots op Nederland">Trots op Nederland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubuntu_Connected_Front" title="Ubuntu Connected Front">Ubuntu Connected Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Communist_Party_(Netherlands)" title="United Communist Party (Netherlands)">United Communist Party</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Local parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal;">European Netherlands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Connect_Wageningen" title="Connect Wageningen">Connect Wageningen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CU%E2%80%93SGP" title="CU–SGP">CU–SGP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Party_of_Alkmaar" title="Independent Party of Alkmaar">Independent Party of Alkmaar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livable_Eindhoven" title="Livable Eindhoven">Livable Eindhoven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livable_Rotterdam" title="Livable Rotterdam">Livable Rotterdam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maastricht:_Open_Eerlijk_Democratisch" title="Maastricht: Open Eerlijk Democratisch">Maastricht: Open Eerlijk Democratisch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ouder-Amstel_Anders" title="Ouder-Amstel Anders">Ouder-Amstel Anders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Student_%26_Starter" title="Student & Starter">Student & Starter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Student_en_Stad" title="Student en Stad">Student en Stad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Studenten_Techniek_In_Politiek" title="Studenten Techniek In Politiek">Studenten Techniek In Politiek</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal;">Caribbean Netherlands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bonaire_Democratic_Party" title="Bonaire Democratic Party">Bonaire Democratic Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonaire_Patriotic_Union" title="Bonaire Patriotic Union">Bonaire Patriotic Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonaire_People%27s_Movement" title="Bonaire People's Movement">Bonaire People's Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(Sint_Eustatius)" title="Democratic Party (Sint Eustatius)">Democratic Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Movement_21_(Bonaire)" title="Movement 21 (Bonaire)">Movement 21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Labour_Party_(Sint_Eustatius)" title="Progressive Labour Party (Sint Eustatius)">Progressive Labour Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saba_Labour_Party" title="Saba Labour Party">Saba Labour Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windward_Islands_People%27s_Movement" title="Windward Islands People's Movement">Windward Islands People's Movement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regional parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frisian_National_Party" title="Frisian National Party">Frisian National Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groninger_Interest" title="Groninger Interest">Groninger Interest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_Brabant" title="Local Brabant">Local Brabant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_for_the_North" title="Party for the North">Party for the North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_for_Zeeland" title="Party for Zeeland">Party for Zeeland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strong_Local_Drenthe" title="Strong Local Drenthe">Strong Local Drenthe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Water board parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Water_Board_Party" title="General Water Board Party">General Water Board Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_Natuurlijk" title="Water Natuurlijk">Water Natuurlijk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ruling_political_parties_by_country" title="List of ruling political parties by country">List of political parties by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Netherlands" title="Politics of the Netherlands">Politics of the Netherlands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=European_Union&#124;link=European_Union23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Netherlands&#124;link=Netherlands_European_Parliament,_Netherlands447" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:European_Parliament,_(Netherlands)" title="Template:European Parliament, (Netherlands)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:European_Parliament,_(Netherlands)" title="Template talk:European Parliament, (Netherlands)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:European_Parliament,_(Netherlands)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:European Parliament, (Netherlands)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=European_Union&#124;link=European_Union23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Netherlands&#124;link=Netherlands_European_Parliament,_Netherlands447" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union"><img alt="European Union" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/23px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/35px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/45px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></a></span></span><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands"><img alt="Netherlands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> European Parliament, Netherlands</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Delegations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Coal_and_Steel_Community_Parliament_for_the_Netherlands,_1952%E2%80%931958" title="List of members of the European Coal and Steel Community Parliament for the Netherlands, 1952–1958">ECSC members 1952–1958</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_the_Netherlands,_1958%E2%80%931979" title="List of members of the European Parliament for the Netherlands, 1958–1979">EP members 1958–1979</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_the_European_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Elections in the European Union">Elections</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Netherlands_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="Netherlands (European Parliament constituency)">Netherlands constituency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1979_European_Parliament_election_in_the_Netherlands" title="1979 European Parliament election in the Netherlands">1979</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Party_lists_in_the_1979_European_Parliament_election_in_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Party lists in the 1979 European Parliament election in the Netherlands">candidates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_the_Netherlands,_1979%E2%80%931984" title="List of members of the European Parliament for the Netherlands, 1979–1984">members</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_European_Parliament_election_in_the_Netherlands" title="1984 European Parliament election in the Netherlands">1984</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Party_lists_in_the_1984_European_Parliament_election_in_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Party lists in the 1984 European Parliament election in the Netherlands">candidates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_the_Netherlands,_1984%E2%80%931989" title="List of members of the European Parliament for the Netherlands, 1984–1989">members</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989_European_Parliament_election_in_the_Netherlands" title="1989 European Parliament election in the Netherlands">1989</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Party_lists_in_the_1989_European_Parliament_election_in_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Party lists in the 1989 European Parliament election in the Netherlands">candidates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_the_Netherlands,_1989%E2%80%931994" title="List of members of the European Parliament for the Netherlands, 1989–1994">members</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_European_Parliament_election_in_the_Netherlands" title="1994 European Parliament election in the Netherlands">1994</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Party_lists_in_the_1994_European_Parliament_election_in_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Party lists in the 1994 European Parliament election in the Netherlands">candidates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_the_Netherlands,_1994%E2%80%931999" title="List of members of the European Parliament for the Netherlands, 1994–1999">members</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_European_Parliament_election_in_the_Netherlands" title="1999 European Parliament election in the Netherlands">1999</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Party_lists_in_the_1999_European_Parliament_election_in_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Party lists in the 1999 European Parliament election in the Netherlands">candidates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_the_Netherlands,_1999%E2%80%932004" title="List of members of the European Parliament for the Netherlands, 1999–2004">members</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_European_Parliament_election_in_the_Netherlands" title="2004 European Parliament election in the Netherlands">2004</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Party_lists_in_the_2004_European_Parliament_election_in_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Party lists in the 2004 European Parliament election in the Netherlands">candidates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_the_Netherlands,_2004%E2%80%932009" title="List of members of the European Parliament for the Netherlands, 2004–2009">members</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_European_Parliament_election_in_the_Netherlands" title="2009 European Parliament election in the Netherlands">2009</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Party_lists_in_the_2009_European_Parliament_election_in_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Party lists in the 2009 European Parliament election in the Netherlands">candidates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_the_Netherlands,_2009%E2%80%932014" title="List of members of the European Parliament for the Netherlands, 2009–2014">members</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election_in_the_Netherlands" title="2014 European Parliament election in the Netherlands">2014</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Party_lists_in_the_2014_European_Parliament_election_in_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Party lists in the 2014 European Parliament election in the Netherlands">candidates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_the_Netherlands,_2014%E2%80%932019" title="List of members of the European Parliament for the Netherlands, 2014–2019">members</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election_in_the_Netherlands" title="2019 European Parliament election in the Netherlands">2019</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Party_lists_in_the_2019_European_Parliament_election_in_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Party lists in the 2019 European Parliament election in the Netherlands">candidates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_the_Netherlands,_2019%E2%80%932024" title="List of members of the European Parliament for the Netherlands, 2019–2024">members</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_European_Parliament_election_in_the_Netherlands" title="2024 European Parliament election in the Netherlands">2024</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Party_lists_in_the_2024_European_Parliament_election_in_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Party lists in the 2024 European Parliament election in the Netherlands">candidates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_the_Netherlands,_2024%E2%80%932029" title="List of members of the European Parliament for the Netherlands, 2024–2029">members</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Party_for_Freedom" title="Party for Freedom">Party for Freedom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Party_for_Freedom_Members_of_the_European_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Party for Freedom Members of the European Parliament">members</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GroenLinks" title="GroenLinks">GroenLinks</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_GroenLinks_Members_of_the_European_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="List of GroenLinks Members of the European Parliament">members</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(Netherlands)" title="Labour Party (Netherlands)">Labour Party</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Dutch_Labour_Party_Members_of_the_European_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Dutch Labour Party Members of the European Parliament">members</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_for_Freedom_and_Democracy" title="People's Party for Freedom and Democracy">People's Party for Freedom and Democracy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_People%27s_Party_for_Freedom_and_Democracy_Members_of_the_European_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="List of People's Party for Freedom and Democracy Members of the European Parliament">members</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Democratic_Appeal" title="Christian Democratic Appeal">Christian Democratic Appeal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Christian_Democratic_Appeal_Members_of_the_European_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Christian Democratic Appeal Members of the European Parliament">members</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Democrats 66</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Democrats_66_Members_of_the_European_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Democrats 66 Members of the European Parliament">members</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farmer%E2%80%93Citizen_Movement" title="Farmer–Citizen Movement">Farmer–Citizen Movement</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Farmer%E2%80%93Citizen_Movement_Members_of_the_European_Parliament&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Farmer–Citizen Movement Members of the European Parliament (page does not exist)">members</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volt_Netherlands" title="Volt Netherlands">Volt Netherlands</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Volt_Netherlands_Members_of_the_European_Parliament&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Volt Netherlands Members of the European Parliament (page does not exist)">members</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_for_the_Animals" title="Party for the Animals">Party for the Animals</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Party_for_the_Animals_Members_of_the_European_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Party for the Animals Members of the European Parliament">members</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Social_Contract" title="New Social Contract">New Social Contract</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_New_Social_Contract_Members_of_the_European_Parliament&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of New Social Contract Members of the European Parliament (page does not exist)">members</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformed_Political_Party" title="Reformed Political Party">Reformed Political Party</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Reformed_Political_Party_Members_of_the_European_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Reformed Political Party Members of the European Parliament">members</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Europe_Transparent" title="Europe Transparent">Europe Transparent</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Europe_Transparent_Members_of_the_European_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Europe Transparent Members of the European Parliament">members</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rainbow_(Netherlands)" title="Rainbow (Netherlands)">Rainbow</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_GroenLinks_Members_of_the_European_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="List of GroenLinks Members of the European Parliament">members</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Progressive_Accord" title="Green Progressive Accord">Green Progressive Accord</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_GroenLinks_Members_of_the_European_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="List of GroenLinks Members of the European Parliament">members</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SGP/RPF/GPV" class="mw-redirect" title="SGP/RPF/GPV">SGP/RPF/GPV</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Christian_Union_%E2%80%93_Reformed_Political_Party_Members_of_the_European_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Christian Union – Reformed Political Party Members of the European Parliament">members</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_(Netherlands)" title="Socialist Party (Netherlands)">Socialist Party</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Socialist_Party_(Netherlands)_Members_of_the_European_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Socialist Party (Netherlands) Members of the European Parliament">members</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forum_for_Democracy" title="Forum for Democracy">Forum for Democracy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Forum_for_Democracy_Members_of_the_European_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Forum for Democracy Members of the European Parliament">members</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/50PLUS" title="50PLUS">50PLUS</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_50PLUS_Members_of_the_European_Parliament&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of 50PLUS Members of the European Parliament (page does not exist)">members</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Union_%E2%80%93_Reformed_Political_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian Union – Reformed Political Party">Christian Union – Reformed Political Party</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Christian_Union_%E2%80%93_Reformed_Political_Party_Members_of_the_European_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Christian Union – Reformed Political Party Members of the European Parliament">members</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JA21" title="JA21">JA21</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_JA21_Members_of_the_European_Parliament&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of JA21 Members of the European Parliament (page does not exist)">members</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_by_country" class="mw-redirect" title="List of political parties by country">List of political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Netherlands" title="Politics of the Netherlands">Politics of the Netherlands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Member_parties_of_international_liberal_organisations305" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:International_liberal_organisations" title="Template:International liberal organisations"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:International_liberal_organisations" title="Template talk:International liberal organisations"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:International_liberal_organisations" title="Special:EditPage/Template:International liberal organisations"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Member_parties_of_international_liberal_organisations305" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Member parties of international liberal organisations</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Liberal_International305" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Liberal_International" title="Liberal International">Liberal International</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Andorra: <a href="/wiki/Liberals_of_Andorra" title="Liberals of Andorra">LA</a></li> <li>Belgium: <a href="/wiki/Reformist_Movement" title="Reformist Movement">MR</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flemish_Liberals_and_Democrats" class="mw-redirect" title="Flemish Liberals and Democrats">VLD</a></li> <li>Bosnia and Herzegovina: <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democratic_Party_(Bosnia_and_Herzegovina)" title="Liberal Democratic Party (Bosnia and Herzegovina)">LDS</a>*</li> <li>Botswana: <a href="/wiki/Botswana_Movement_for_Democracy" title="Botswana Movement for Democracy">BMD</a>*</li> <li>Bulgaria: <a href="/wiki/Movement_for_Rights_and_Freedoms" title="Movement for Rights and Freedoms">DPS</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Movement_for_Stability_and_Progress" title="National Movement for Stability and Progress">NDSV</a></li> <li>Burkina Faso: <a href="/wiki/Alliance_for_Democracy_and_Federation%E2%80%93African_Democratic_Rally" class="mw-redirect" title="Alliance for Democracy and Federation–African Democratic Rally">ADF-RDA</a>*</li> <li>Burma: <a href="/w/index.php?title=National_League_for_Democracy-Liberated_Areas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National League for Democracy-Liberated Areas (page does not exist)">NLD-LA</a>*</li> <li>Burundi: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Democratic_Alliance_for_Renewal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Democratic Alliance for Renewal (page does not exist)">ADR</a></li> <li>Cambodia: <a href="/wiki/Sam_Rainsy_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Sam Rainsy Party">PSR</a></li> <li>Canada: <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal Party</a></li> <li>Colombia: <a href="/wiki/Social_Party_of_National_Unity" class="mw-redirect" title="Social Party of National Unity">U</a>*</li> <li>DR Congo: <a href="/wiki/National_Alliance_of_Democrats_for_Reconstruction" title="National Alliance of Democrats for Reconstruction">ANADER</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alliance_for_Congo%27s_Renewal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alliance for Congo's Renewal (page does not exist)">ARC</a>*, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Union_for_Congo%27s_Reconstruction&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Union for Congo's Reconstruction (page does not exist)">URC</a>*</li> <li>Costa Rica: <a href="/wiki/Movimiento_Libertario" class="mw-redirect" title="Movimiento Libertario">PML</a></li> <li>Côte d'Ivoire: <a href="/wiki/Rally_of_the_Republicans" title="Rally of the Republicans">RDR</a></li> <li>Croatia: <a href="/wiki/Croatian_Social_Liberal_Party" title="Croatian Social Liberal Party">HSLS</a></li> <li>Cuba: <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Cuba" title="Liberal Party of Cuba">PLC</a>, <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Solidarity_Party" title="Democratic Solidarity Party">PSD</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cuban_Liberal_Union" title="Cuban Liberal Union">ULC</a></li> <li>Denmark: <a href="/wiki/Det_Radikale_Venstre" class="mw-redirect" title="Det Radikale Venstre">RV</a>, <a href="/wiki/Venstre_(Denmark)" title="Venstre (Denmark)">Venstre</a></li> <li>Egypt: <a href="/wiki/Free_Egyptians_Party" title="Free Egyptians Party">FEP</a>, <a href="/wiki/El-Ghad_Party" title="El-Ghad Party">Ghad</a>*</li> <li>Equatorial Guinea: <a href="/wiki/National_Democratic_Union_of_Equatorial_Guinea" title="National Democratic Union of Equatorial Guinea">UDENA</a></li> <li>Estonia: <a href="/wiki/Estonian_Reform_Party" title="Estonian Reform Party">RE</a></li> <li>Ethiopia: <a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Democratic_Party" title="Ethiopian Democratic Party">EDP</a>*</li> <li>Finland: <a href="/wiki/Centre_Party_(Finland)" title="Centre Party (Finland)">Keskusta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Swedish_People%27s_Party_(Finland)" class="mw-redirect" title="Swedish People's Party (Finland)">SFP</a></li> <li>Georgia: <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_of_Georgia" title="Republican Party of Georgia">RPG</a>*</li> <li>Germany: <a href="/wiki/Free_Democratic_Party_(Germany)" title="Free Democratic Party (Germany)">FDP</a></li> <li>Gibraltar: <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Gibraltar" title="Liberal Party of Gibraltar">Liberal Party</a></li> <li>Guatemala: <a href="/wiki/Reform_Movement_(Guatemala)" class="mw-redirect" title="Reform Movement (Guatemala)">MR</a>*, <a href="/wiki/Patriotic_Party_(Guatemala)" title="Patriotic Party (Guatemala)">PP</a></li> <li>Guinea: <a href="/wiki/Union_of_Democratic_Forces_of_Guinea" title="Union of Democratic Forces of Guinea">UFDG</a>*, <a href="/wiki/Union_of_Republican_Forces" title="Union of Republican Forces">UFR</a>*</li> <li>Honduras: <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Honduras" title="Liberal Party of Honduras">PLH</a></li> <li>Hungary: <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Liberal_Party" title="Hungarian Liberal Party">MLP</a></li> <li>Iceland: <a href="/wiki/Progressive_Party_(Iceland)" title="Progressive Party (Iceland)">FSF</a></li> <li>Indonesia: <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(Indonesia)" title="Democratic Party (Indonesia)">PD</a>*</li> <li>Ireland: <a href="/wiki/Fianna_F%C3%A1il" title="Fianna Fáil">FF</a>*</li> <li>Israel: <a href="/wiki/Yesh_Atid" title="Yesh Atid">Yesh Atid</a></li> <li>Italy: <a href="/wiki/Italian_Radicals" title="Italian Radicals">Rad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Liberals" title="Federation of Liberals">FdL</a>*</li> <li>Kenya: <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democratic_Party_(Kenya)" title="Liberal Democratic Party (Kenya)">LDP</a>*</li> <li>Kosovo: <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Kosovo" title="Liberal Party of Kosovo">PLK</a>*</li> <li>Latvia: <a href="/wiki/Latvia%27s_First_Party/Latvian_Way" title="Latvia's First Party/Latvian Way">LPP/LC</a></li> <li>Lebanon: <a href="/wiki/Future_Movement" title="Future Movement">Future Movement</a>*</li> <li>Lithuania: <a href="/wiki/Liberal_and_Centre_Union" title="Liberal and Centre Union">LCU</a></li> <li>Luxembourg: <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(Luxembourg)" title="Democratic Party (Luxembourg)">DP</a></li> <li>Madagascar: <a href="/wiki/Movement_for_the_Progress_of_Madagascar" title="Movement for the Progress of Madagascar">MFM</a>*</li> <li>Malawi: <a href="/wiki/United_Democratic_Front_(Malawi)" title="United Democratic Front (Malawi)">UDF</a></li> <li>Malaysia: <a href="/wiki/Parti_Gerakan_Rakyat_Malaysia" title="Parti Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia">Gerakan</a>*</li> <li>Mali: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Citizens_Party_for_the_Renewal_(Mali)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Citizens Party for the Renewal (Mali) (page does not exist)">PCR</a>*</li> <li>Mexico: <a href="/wiki/New_Alliance_Party_(Mexico)" title="New Alliance Party (Mexico)">NA</a>*</li> <li>Moldova: <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Reformist_Party_(Moldova)" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberal Reformist Party (Moldova)">PRL</a>*</li> <li>Mongolia: <a href="/wiki/Civil_Will_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil Will Party">IZN</a></li> <li>Montenegro: <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Alliance_of_Montenegro" title="Liberal Alliance of Montenegro">LSCG</a></li> <li>Morocco: <a href="/wiki/Alliance_of_Liberties" title="Alliance of Liberties">AdL</a>*, <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Union_(Morocco)" title="Constitutional Union (Morocco)">UC</a>, <a href="/wiki/Popular_Movement_(Morocco)" title="Popular Movement (Morocco)">MP</a></li> <li>Mozambique: <a href="/wiki/Party_for_Peace,_Democracy,_and_Development" title="Party for Peace, Democracy, and Development">PPDD</a>*</li> <li>Netherlands: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">D66</a> , <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_for_Freedom_and_Democracy" title="People's Party for Freedom and Democracy">VVD</a></li> <li>Nicaragua: <a href="/wiki/Independent_Liberal_Party_(Nicaragua)" title="Independent Liberal Party (Nicaragua)">PLI</a>*</li> <li>North Macedonia: <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democratic_Party_(North_Macedonia)" title="Liberal Democratic Party (North Macedonia)">LDP</a></li> <li>Norway: <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(Norway)" title="Liberal Party (Norway)">Venstre</a></li> <li>Paraguay: <a href="/wiki/Authentic_Radical_Liberal_Party" title="Authentic Radical Liberal Party">PLRA</a></li> <li>Philippines: <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(Philippines)" title="Liberal Party (Philippines)">LP</a></li> <li>Romania: <a href="/wiki/National_Liberal_Party_(Romania)" title="National Liberal Party (Romania)">PNL</a></li> <li>Russia: <a href="/wiki/Yabloko" title="Yabloko">Yabloko</a></li> <li>Senegal: <a href="/wiki/Senegalese_Democratic_Party" title="Senegalese Democratic Party">PDS</a></li> <li>Serbia: <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democratic_Party_(Serbia)" title="Liberal Democratic Party (Serbia)">LDP</a></li> <li>Seychelles: <a href="/wiki/Seychelles_National_Party" title="Seychelles National Party">SNP</a>*</li> <li>Slovakia: <a href="/wiki/Alliance_of_the_New_Citizen" title="Alliance of the New Citizen">ANO</a></li> <li>Slovenia: <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democracy_of_Slovenia" title="Liberal Democracy of Slovenia">LDS</a></li> <li>South Africa: <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Alliance_(South_Africa)" title="Democratic Alliance (South Africa)">DA</a></li> <li>Spain: <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Convergence_of_Catalonia" title="Democratic Convergence of Catalonia">CDC</a></li> <li>Sri Lanka: <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Sri_Lanka" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberal Party of Sri Lanka">LP</a></li> <li>Sweden: <a href="/wiki/Centre_Party_(Sweden)" title="Centre Party (Sweden)">C</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liberals_(Sweden)" title="Liberals (Sweden)">L</a></li> <li>Switzerland: <a href="/wiki/The_Liberals_(Switzerland)" title="The Liberals (Switzerland)">FDP.The Liberals</a></li> <li>Taiwan: <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Progressive_Party" title="Democratic Progressive Party">DPP</a></li> <li>Tanzania: <a href="/wiki/Civic_United_Front" title="Civic United Front">CCW/CUF</a></li> <li>Thailand: <a href="/wiki/Democrat_Party_(Thailand)" title="Democrat Party (Thailand)">DP</a></li> <li>Ukraine: <a href="/wiki/Ukraine_of_the_Future" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukraine of the Future">UM</a>*</li> <li>United Kingdom: <a href="/wiki/Alliance_Party_of_Northern_Ireland" title="Alliance Party of Northern Ireland">APNI</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democrats_(UK)" title="Liberal Democrats (UK)">Lib Dems</a></li> <li>Zambia: <a href="/wiki/United_Party_for_National_Development" title="United Party for National Development">UNDP</a>*</li></ul> <p>National groups: </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brazilian_Group_of_Liberal_International&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brazilian Group of Liberal International (page does not exist)">Brazilian Group</a>*</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deutsche_Gruppe_der_LI&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Deutsche Gruppe der LI (page does not exist)">German Group</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Israeli_Group&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Israeli Group (page does not exist)">Israeli Group</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nederlandse_Groep&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nederlandse Groep (page does not exist)">Netherlands Group</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Llibertat_i_Democracia_Social&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Llibertat i Democracia Social (page does not exist)">Catalan Group</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberal_International_British_Group&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberal International British Group (page does not exist)">British Group</a></li></ul> <p>* observer </p> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Alliance_of_Liberals_and_Democrats_for_Europe_Party305" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Alliance_of_Liberals_and_Democrats_for_Europe_Party" title="Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party">Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Alliance_of_Liberals_and_Democrats_for_Europe_Party676" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:gold; color:black;"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Alliance_of_Liberals_and_Democrats_for_Europe_Party" title="Template:Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:black">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Alliance_of_Liberals_and_Democrats_for_Europe_Party" title="Template talk:Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:black">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Alliance_of_Liberals_and_Democrats_for_Europe_Party" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:black">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Alliance_of_Liberals_and_Democrats_for_Europe_Party676" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Alliance_of_Liberals_and_Democrats_for_Europe_Party" title="Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:black">Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:gold; color:black;"><div>European Parliament group: <a href="/wiki/Renew_Europe" title="Renew Europe"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:black">Renew Europe</span></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:gold; color:black;;width:1%">Parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:gold; color:black;;width:1%">Member parties (<a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">EU</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria"><img alt="Austria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/15px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/30px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/NEOS_(Austria)" title="NEOS (Austria)">NEOS</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium"><img alt="Belgium" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Belgium.svg/13px-Flag_of_Belgium.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Belgium.svg/20px-Flag_of_Belgium.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Belgium.svg/26px-Flag_of_Belgium.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="780" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Open_Vlaamse_Liberalen_en_Democraten" class="mw-redirect" title="Open Vlaamse Liberalen en Democraten">Open Vld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mouvement_R%C3%A9formateur" class="mw-redirect" title="Mouvement Réformateur">MR</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia"><img alt="Croatia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Croatian_People%27s_Party_%E2%80%93_Liberal_Democrats" title="Croatian People's Party – Liberal Democrats">HNS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Social_Liberal_Party" title="Croatian Social Liberal Party">HSLS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istrian_Democratic_Assembly" title="Istrian Democratic Assembly">IDS/DDI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civic_Liberal_Alliance" title="Civic Liberal Alliance">Glas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centre_(Croatian_political_party)" title="Centre (Croatian political party)">Centar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Focus_(Croatian_political_party)" title="Focus (Croatian political party)">Fokus</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus"><img alt="Cyprus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/15px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/30px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/United_Democrats" title="United Democrats">EDI/Ε.ΔΗ.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Alignment_(Cyprus)" title="Democratic Alignment (Cyprus)">DiPa/ΔηΠα</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark"><img alt="Denmark" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/15px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/23px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/30px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Danish_Social_Liberal_Party" title="Danish Social Liberal Party">B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venstre_(Denmark)" title="Venstre (Denmark)">V</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia"><img alt="Estonia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="630" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Estonian_Reform_Party" title="Estonian Reform Party">RE</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland"><img alt="Finland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/15px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/30px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Centre_Party_(Finland)" title="Centre Party (Finland)">Kesk./C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_People%27s_Party_of_Finland" title="Swedish People's Party of Finland">RKP/SFP</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/15px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/30px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Radical_Party_(France)" title="Radical Party (France)">PR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Democrats_and_Independents" title="Union of Democrats and Independents">UDI</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/15px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/30px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Free_Democratic_Party_(Germany)" title="Free Democratic Party (Germany)">FDP</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary"><img alt="Hungary" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/15px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/30px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Liberal_Party" title="Hungarian Liberal Party">Liberálisok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Momentum_Movement" title="Momentum Movement">Momentum</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland"><img alt="Republic of Ireland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/15px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/30px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Fianna_F%C3%A1il" title="Fianna Fáil">FF</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/15px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/30px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Action_(Italian_political_party)" title="Action (Italian political party)">A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/More_Europe" title="More Europe">+E</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Radicals" title="Italian Radicals">RI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Liberal_Democrats" title="European Liberal Democrats">LDE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Team_K%C3%B6llensperger" class="mw-redirect" title="Team Köllensperger">TK</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia"><img alt="Latvia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Latvian_Development" class="mw-redirect" title="Latvian Development">LA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Movement_For!" title="Movement For!">Par!</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania"><img alt="Lithuania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/15px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/30px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Freedom_Party_(Lithuania)" title="Freedom Party (Lithuania)">LP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberals%27_Movement_(Lithuania)" title="Liberals' Movement (Lithuania)">LS</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg"><img alt="Luxembourg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/15px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/23px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/30px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(Luxembourg)" title="Democratic Party (Luxembourg)">DP</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands"><img alt="Netherlands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/15px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">D66</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_for_Freedom_and_Democracy" title="People's Party for Freedom and Democracy">VVD</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland"><img alt="Poland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/15px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/30px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Modern_(political_party)" title="Modern (political party)">Nowoczesna</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal"><img alt="Portugal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/15px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/30px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Initiative_(Portugal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberal Initiative (Portugal)">IL</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania"><img alt="Romania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/15px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/30px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Save_Romania_Union" title="Save Romania Union">USR</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia"><img alt="Slovakia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Progressive_Slovakia" title="Progressive Slovakia">PS</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/15px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/30px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Citizens_(Spanish_political_party)" title="Citizens (Spanish political party)">C's</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden"><img alt="Sweden" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/15px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/30px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Centre_Party_(Sweden)" title="Centre Party (Sweden)">C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberals_(Sweden)" title="Liberals (Sweden)">L</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:gold; color:black;;width:1%">Member parties (non-EU)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Andorra" title="Andorra"><img alt="Andorra" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Andorra.svg/15px-Flag_of_Andorra.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Andorra.svg/23px-Flag_of_Andorra.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Andorra.svg/30px-Flag_of_Andorra.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Action_for_Andorra" title="Action for Andorra">ACC!Ó</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Andorra" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberal Party of Andorra">PLA</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia"><img alt="Armenia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Armenian_National_Congress" title="Armenian National Congress">ANC/ՀԱԿ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bright_Armenia" title="Bright Armenia">BA/ԼՀ</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan"><img alt="Azerbaijan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/15px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/30px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Musavat" title="Musavat">Müsavat</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus"><img alt="Belarus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/15px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/30px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Belarusian_Liberal_Party_of_Freedom_and_Progress" class="mw-redirect" title="Belarusian Liberal Party of Freedom and Progress">PFP/ПСП</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina"><img alt="Bosnia and Herzegovina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/15px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/30px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Our_Party_(Bosnia_and_Herzegovina)" title="Our Party (Bosnia and Herzegovina)">NS</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)"><img alt="Georgia (country)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_of_Georgia" title="Republican Party of Georgia">RP/რპ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Democrats_(Georgia)" title="Free Democrats (Georgia)">FD/თდ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategy_Aghmashenebeli" title="Strategy Aghmashenebeli">SA/სა</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lelo_for_Georgia" title="Lelo for Georgia">Lelo/ლელო</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Girchi_-_More_Freedom" class="mw-redirect" title="Girchi - More Freedom">Girchi-MF/გირჩი-მთ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Droa" title="Droa">Droa/დროა</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland"><img alt="Iceland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/15px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/30px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1250" data-file-height="900" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Vi%C3%B0reisn" title="Viðreisn">Viðreisn</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo"><img alt="Kosovo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/15px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/30px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="840" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/New_Kosovo_Alliance" title="New Kosovo Alliance">AKR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_Kosovo" title="Democratic Party of Kosovo">PDK</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova"><img alt="Moldova" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/15px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/23px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/30px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="900" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Moldova" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberal Party of Moldova">PL</a></li> <li>CUB</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro"><img alt="Montenegro" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/15px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/23px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/30px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Montenegro" title="Liberal Party of Montenegro">LPCG</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia"><img alt="North Macedonia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/15px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/30px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democratic_Party_(North_Macedonia)" title="Liberal Democratic Party (North Macedonia)">LDP/ЛДП</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway"><img alt="Norway" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/15px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/23px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/30px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(Norway)" title="Liberal Party (Norway)">V</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_of_Russia_%E2%80%93_People%27s_Freedom_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Republican Party of Russia – People's Freedom Party">RPR-PARNAS/РПР-ПАРНАС</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yabloko" title="Yabloko">Yabloko/Я́блоко</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia"><img alt="Serbia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Movement_of_Free_Citizens_(Serbia)" title="Movement of Free Citizens (Serbia)">PSG</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland"><img alt="Switzerland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/11px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/17px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/FDP.The_Liberals" class="mw-redirect" title="FDP.The Liberals">FDP/PLR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Liberal_Party_of_Switzerland" title="Green Liberal Party of Switzerland">glp/pvl</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine"><img alt="Ukraine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/15px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/30px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/European_Party_of_Ukraine" title="European Party of Ukraine">EPU/ЄПУ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Position" title="Civil Position">CP/ГП</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_of_the_People" title="Power of the People">SL/СЛ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Servant_of_the_People" title="Servant of the People">SN/СН</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voice_(Ukrainian_political_party)" class="mw-redirect" title="Voice (Ukrainian political party)">Holos/Голос</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/15px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Alliance_Party_of_Northern_Ireland" title="Alliance Party of Northern Ireland">Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democrats_(UK)" title="Liberal Democrats (UK)">Lib Dems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Gibraltar" title="Liberal Party of Gibraltar">Libs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:gold; color:black;;width:1%">Party Presidents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gaston_Thorn" title="Gaston Thorn">Gaston Thorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willy_De_Clercq" title="Willy De Clercq">Willy De Clercq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colette_Flesch" title="Colette Flesch">Colette Flesch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willy_De_Clercq" title="Willy De Clercq">Willy De Clercq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uffe_Ellemann-Jensen" title="Uffe Ellemann-Jensen">Uffe Ellemann-Jensen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Werner_Hoyer" title="Werner Hoyer">Werner Hoyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annemie_Neyts-Uyttebroeck" title="Annemie Neyts-Uyttebroeck">Annemie Neyts-Uyttebroeck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graham_Watson" title="Graham Watson">Graham Watson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_van_Baalen" title="Hans van Baalen">Hans van Baalen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:gold; color:black;;width:1%">European Parliament<br />Group Presidents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yvon_Delbos" title="Yvon Delbos">Yvon Delbos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Pleven" title="René Pleven">René Pleven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornelis_Berkhouwer" title="Cornelis Berkhouwer">Cornelis Berkhouwer</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean_Durieux&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean Durieux (page does not exist)">Jean Durieux</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Durieux" class="extiw" title="fr:Jean Durieux">fr</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Pintat" title="Jean-François Pintat">Jean-François Pintat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Bangemann" title="Martin Bangemann">Martin Bangemann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simone_Veil" title="Simone Veil">Simone Veil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valery_Giscard_d%27Estaing" class="mw-redirect" title="Valery Giscard d'Estaing">Valery Giscard d'Estaing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yves_Galland" title="Yves Galland">Yves Galland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gijs_de_Vries" title="Gijs de Vries">Gijs de Vries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Cox" title="Pat Cox">Pat Cox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graham_Watson" title="Graham Watson">Graham Watson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guy_Verhofstadt" title="Guy Verhofstadt">Guy Verhofstadt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dacian_Ciolo%C8%99" title="Dacian Cioloș">Dacian Cioloș</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St%C3%A9phane_S%C3%A9journ%C3%A9" title="Stéphane Séjourné">Stéphane Séjourné</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Val%C3%A9rie_Hayer" title="Valérie Hayer">Valérie Hayer</a></li> <li><b>see <a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a></b></li></ul> <hr /> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:gold; color:black;;width:1%">European Commissioners<br />(2024–2029)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kaja_Kallas" title="Kaja Kallas">Kaja Kallas</a> (Vice-President and High Representative)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_McGrath_(Irish_politician)" title="Michael McGrath (Irish politician)">Michael McGrath</a> (Democracy, Justice, and the Rule of Law)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadja_Lahbib" title="Hadja Lahbib">Hadja Lahbib</a> (Preparedness, Crisis Management, and Equality)</li> <li><b>see <a href="/wiki/Von_der_Leyen_Commission_II" title="Von der Leyen Commission II">Von der Leyen Commission II</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:gold; color:black;;width:1%">Heads of government<br />at the European Council</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_De_Croo" title="Alexander De Croo">Alexander De Croo</a> (Belgium)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kristen_Michal" title="Kristen Michal">Kristen Michal</a> (Estonia)</li> <li><b>see <a href="/wiki/European_Council" title="European Council">European Council</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:gold; color:black;;width:1%">Affiliated organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Liberal_Youth" title="European Liberal Youth">European Liberal Youth</a> (LYMEC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Liberal_Forum" title="European Liberal Forum">European Liberal Forum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2" style="background:gold; color:black;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Alliance_of_Liberals_and_Democrats_for_Europe_Party" title="Category:Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Liberal_South_East_European_Network305" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Liberal_South_East_European_Network" title="Liberal South East European Network">Liberal South East European Network</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Bosnia and Herzegovina: <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democratic_Party_(Bosnia_and_Herzegovina)" title="Liberal Democratic Party (Bosnia and Herzegovina)">LDS</a></li> <li>Bulgaria: <a href="/wiki/Movement_for_Rights_and_Freedoms" title="Movement for Rights and Freedoms">DPS</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Movement_for_Stability_and_Progress" title="National Movement for Stability and Progress">NSDV</a></li> <li>Croatia: <a href="/wiki/Croatian_People%27s_Party_%E2%80%93_Liberal_Democrats" title="Croatian People's Party – Liberal Democrats">HNS-LD</a>, <a href="/wiki/Croatian_Social_Liberal_Party" title="Croatian Social Liberal Party">HSLS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Istrian_Democratic_Assembly" title="Istrian Democratic Assembly">IDS</a></li> <li>Hungary: <a href="/wiki/Alliance_of_Free_Democrats" title="Alliance of Free Democrats">SzDSz</a></li> <li>Kosovo: <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Kosovo" title="Liberal Party of Kosovo">PLK</a></li> <li>North Macedonia: <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Macedonia" title="Liberal Party of Macedonia">LPM</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democratic_Party_(North_Macedonia)" title="Liberal Democratic Party (North Macedonia)">LDP</a></li> <li>Romania: <a href="/wiki/National_Liberal_Party_(Romania)" title="National Liberal Party (Romania)">PNL</a></li> <li>Serbia: <a href="/wiki/Liberals_of_Serbia" title="Liberals of Serbia">LS</a></li> <li>Slovenia: <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democracy_of_Slovenia" title="Liberal Democracy of Slovenia">LDS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Council_of_Asian_Liberals_and_Democrats305" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Asian_Liberals_and_Democrats" title="Council of Asian Liberals and Democrats">Council of Asian Liberals and Democrats</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Cambodia: <a href="/wiki/Sam_Rainsy_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Sam Rainsy Party">PSR</a></li> <li>Hong Kong: <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(Hong_Kong)" title="Democratic Party (Hong Kong)">DP</a> (represented through two individual members)</li> <li>Indonesia: <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_Democratic_Party_of_Struggle" title="Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle">PDI-P</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Awakening_Party" title="National Awakening Party">PKB</a>**</li> <li>Japan: <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_Japan" title="Democratic Party of Japan">DPJ</a>**</li> <li>Malaysia: <a href="/wiki/Parti_Gerakan_Rakyat_Malaysia" title="Parti Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia">PGRM</a></li> <li>Mongolia: <a href="/wiki/Civil_Will_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil Will Party">IZN</a></li> <li>Myanmar: <a href="/wiki/National_Council_of_the_Union_of_Burma" title="National Council of the Union of Burma">NCUB</a></li> <li>Pakistan: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberal_Forum_Pakistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberal Forum Pakistan (page does not exist)">LFP</a>*</li> <li>Philippines: <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(Philippines)" title="Liberal Party (Philippines)">LP</a></li> <li>Singapore: <a href="/wiki/Singapore_Democratic_Party" title="Singapore Democratic Party">SDP</a></li> <li>Sri Lanka: <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Sri_Lanka" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberal Party of Sri Lanka">LP</a></li> <li>ROC Taiwan: <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Progressive_Party" title="Democratic Progressive Party">DPP</a></li> <li>Thailand: <a href="/wiki/Democrat_Party_(Thailand)" title="Democrat Party (Thailand)">DP</a></li></ul> <p>*associate member **observer </p> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Africa_Liberal_Network305" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Africa_Liberal_Network" title="Africa Liberal Network">Africa Liberal Network</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Angola: <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democratic_Party_(Angola)" title="Liberal Democratic Party (Angola)">PLD</a></li> <li>Burkina Faso: <a href="/wiki/Alliance_for_Democracy_and_Federation%E2%80%93African_Democratic_Rally" class="mw-redirect" title="Alliance for Democracy and Federation–African Democratic Rally">ADF-RDA</a></li> <li>DR Congo: <a href="/wiki/National_Alliance_of_Democrats_for_Reconstruction" title="National Alliance of Democrats for Reconstruction">ANADER</a></li> <li>Côte d'Ivoire: <a href="/wiki/Rally_of_the_Republicans" title="Rally of the Republicans">RDR</a></li> <li>Equatorial Guinea: <a href="/wiki/National_Democratic_Union_of_Equatorial_Guinea" title="National Democratic Union of Equatorial Guinea">UDENA</a></li> <li>Madagascar: <a href="/wiki/Movement_for_the_Progress_of_Madagascar" title="Movement for the Progress of Madagascar">MFM</a></li> <li>Malawi: <a href="/wiki/United_Democratic_Front_(Malawi)" title="United Democratic Front (Malawi)">UDF</a></li> <li>Morocco: <a href="/wiki/Popular_Movement_(Morocco)" title="Popular Movement (Morocco)">MP</a>, <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Union_(Morocco)" title="Constitutional Union (Morocco)">UC</a></li> <li>Mozambique: <a href="/wiki/Party_for_Peace,_Democracy,_and_Development" title="Party for Peace, Democracy, and Development">PDD</a></li> <li>Senegal: <a href="/wiki/Senegalese_Democratic_Party" title="Senegalese Democratic Party">PDS</a></li> <li>Seychelles: <a href="/wiki/Seychelles_National_Party" title="Seychelles National Party">SNP</a></li> <li>South Africa: <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Alliance_(South_Africa)" title="Democratic Alliance (South Africa)">DA</a></li> <li>Tanzania: <a href="/wiki/Civic_United_Front" title="Civic United Front">CUF</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_Democratic_Party_(Tanzania)" title="United Democratic Party (Tanzania)">UDP</a></li> <li>Tunisia: <a href="/wiki/Social_Liberal_Party_(Tunisia)" title="Social Liberal Party (Tunisia)">PSL</a></li> <li>Zambia: <a href="/wiki/United_Party_for_National_Development" title="United Party for National Development">UNDP</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Liberal_Network_for_Latin_America305" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Network_for_Latin_America" title="Liberal Network for Latin America">Liberal Network for Latin America</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Argentina: <a href="/wiki/Recreate_for_Growth" title="Recreate for Growth">Recrear</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Partido_Primero_de_Gente&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Partido Primero de Gente (page does not exist)">PPG</a></li> <li>Costa Rica: <a href="/wiki/Movimiento_Libertario" class="mw-redirect" title="Movimiento Libertario">PML</a></li> <li>Guatemala: <a href="/wiki/Reform_Movement_(Guatemala)" class="mw-redirect" title="Reform Movement (Guatemala)">MR</a></li> <li>Mexico: <a href="/wiki/New_Alliance_Party_(Mexico)" title="New Alliance Party (Mexico)">NA</a></li> <li>Peru: <a href="/wiki/National_Justice" class="mw-redirect" title="National Justice">JN</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Arab_Liberal_Federation305" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Arab_Liberal_Federation" title="Arab Liberal Federation">Arab Liberal Federation</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Comoros: <a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Alliance_of_the_Comoros&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Alliance of the Comoros (page does not exist)">NAC</a></li> <li>Egypt: <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Front_Party" title="Democratic Front Party">DFP</a>, <a href="/wiki/Free_Egyptians_Party" title="Free Egyptians Party">FEP</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ghad_El-Thawra_Party" title="Ghad El-Thawra Party">GTP</a></li> <li>Lebanon: <a href="/wiki/National_Liberal_Party_(Lebanon)" title="National Liberal Party (Lebanon)">NLP</a>, <a href="/wiki/Future_Movement" title="Future Movement">FM</a></li> <li>Morocco: <a href="/wiki/Popular_Movement_(Morocco)" title="Popular Movement (Morocco)">MP</a>, <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Union_(Morocco)" title="Constitutional Union (Morocco)">UC</a></li> <li>Sudan: <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democratic_Party_(Sudan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberal Democratic Party (Sudan)">LDP</a></li> <li>Tunisia: <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(Tunisia)" title="Republican Party (Tunisia)">PR</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747910#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata657" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div 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