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<span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" 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role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 48 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-48" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">48 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B0%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85" title="نذر الإسلام – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نذر الإسلام" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%80_%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%9B%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE" title="কাজী নজৰুল ইছলাম – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="কাজী নজৰুল ইছলাম" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazi_N%C9%99zrul_%C4%B0slam" title="Kazi Nəzrul İslam – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kazi Nəzrul İslam" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B0%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85" title="نذر الاسلام – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="نذر الاسلام" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%80_%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE" title="কাজী নজরুল ইসলাম – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কাজী নজরুল ইসলাম" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazi_Nazrul_Islam" title="Kazi Nazrul Islam – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Kazi Nazrul Islam" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazi_Nazrul_Islam" title="Kazi Nazrul Islam – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kazi Nazrul Islam" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazi_Nazrul_Islam" title="Kazi Nazrul Islam – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kazi Nazrul Islam" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%AC%CF%84%CE%B6%CE%B9_%CE%9D%CF%8C%CF%84%CE%B6%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BB_%CE%99%CF%83%CE%BB%CE%AC%CE%BC" title="Κάτζι Νότζρουλ Ισλάμ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κάτζι Νότζρουλ Ισλάμ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazi_Nazrul_Islam" title="Kazi Nazrul Islam – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Kazi Nazrul Islam" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazi_Nazrul_Islam" title="Kazi Nazrul Islam – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kazi Nazrul Islam" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B6%DB%8C_%D9%86%D8%B0%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85" title="قاضی نذرالاسلام – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="قاضی نذرالاسلام" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazi_Nazrul_Islam" title="Kazi Nazrul Islam – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Kazi Nazrul Islam" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazi_Nazrul_Islam" title="Kazi Nazrul Islam – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Kazi Nazrul Islam" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE" title="काजी नजरूल इस्लाम – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="काजी नजरूल इस्लाम" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B9%B4%EC%A7%80_%EB%82%98%EC%A6%88%EB%A3%B0_%EC%9D%B4%EC%8A%AC%EB%9E%8C" title="카지 나즈룰 이슬람 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="카지 나즈룰 이슬람" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%AB_%D5%86%D5%A1%D5%A6%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%AC_%D4%BB%D5%BD%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%B4" title="Կազի Նազրուլ Իսլամ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կազի Նազրուլ Իսլամ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BC%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE" title="काज़ी नज़रुल इस्लाम – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="काज़ी नज़रुल इस्लाम" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazi_Nazrul_Islam" title="Kazi Nazrul Islam – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kazi Nazrul Islam" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazi_Nazrul_Islam" title="Kazi Nazrul Islam – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Kazi Nazrul Islam" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%BF_%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%9C%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%87%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%8D" title="ಕಾಜಿ ನಜ್ರುಲ್ ಇಸ್ಲಾಮ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಕಾಜಿ ನಜ್ರುಲ್ ಇಸ್ಲಾಮ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazi_Nazrul_Islam" title="Kazi Nazrul Islam – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kazi Nazrul Islam" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF_%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%81%E0%B5%BE_%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%82" title="കാസി നസ്രുൾ ഇസ്‌ലാം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കാസി നസ്രുൾ ഇസ്‌ലാം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9D%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE" title="काझी नजरूल इस्लाम – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="काझी नजरूल इस्लाम" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B0%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85" title="نذر الاسلام – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="نذر الاسلام" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazi_Nazrul_Islam" title="Kazi Nazrul Islam – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kazi Nazrul Islam" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazi_Nazrul_Islam" title="Kazi Nazrul Islam – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kazi Nazrul Islam" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE" title="काजी नजरुल इसलाम – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="काजी नजरुल इसलाम" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AB%E3%82%B8%E3%83%BB%E3%83%8E%E3%82%BA%E3%83%AB%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A4%E3%82%B9%E3%83%A9%E3%83%A0" title="カジ・ノズルル・イスラム – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="カジ・ノズルル・イスラム" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazrul_Islam" title="Nazrul Islam – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Nazrul Islam" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%A8%E0%AC%9C%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%B2_%E0%AC%87%E0%AC%B8%E0%AC%B2%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%AE" title="ନଜରୁଲ ଇସଲାମ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ନଜରୁଲ ଇସଲାମ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazrul_Islom" title="Nazrul Islom – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Nazrul Islom" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%B2_%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AE" title="ਕਾਜ਼ੀ ਨਜ਼ਰੁਲ ਇਸਲਾਮ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਕਾਜ਼ੀ ਨਜ਼ਰੁਲ ਇਸਲਾਮ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B6%DB%8C_%D9%86%D8%B0%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85" title="قاضی نذرالاسلام – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="قاضی نذرالاسلام" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazi_Nazrul_Islam" title="Kazi Nazrul Islam – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kazi Nazrul Islam" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazi_Nazrul_Islam" title="Kazi Nazrul Islam – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Kazi Nazrul Islam" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BB_%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Кази Назрул Ислам – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кази Назрул Ислам" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE" title="काजी नजरुल इसलाम – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="काजी नजरुल इसलाम" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A1%E1%B1%A4_%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A1%E1%B1%BD%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%9E_%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%9E%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A2" title="ᱠᱟᱡᱤ ᱱᱚᱡᱽᱨᱩᱞ ᱤᱥᱞᱟᱢ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱠᱟᱡᱤ ᱱᱚᱡᱽᱨᱩᱞ ᱤᱥᱞᱟᱢ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazi_Nazrul_Islam" title="Kazi Nazrul Islam – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Kazi Nazrul Islam" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazi_Nazrul_Islam" title="Kazi Nazrul Islam – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kazi Nazrul Islam" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazi_Nazrul_Islam" title="Kazi Nazrul Islam – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kazi Nazrul Islam" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9C%E0%AE%BF_%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="காஜி நஸ்ருல் இஸ்லாம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="காஜி நஸ்ருல் இஸ்லாம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%96%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%80_%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%87%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%82" title="ఖాజీ నజ్రుల్ ఇస్లాం – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఖాజీ నజ్రుల్ ఇస్లాం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kad%C4%B1_Nezr%C3%BClislam" title="Kadı Nezrülislam – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kadı Nezrülislam" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%96_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BB_%D0%86%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Казі Назрул Іслам – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Казі Назрул Іслам" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B6%DB%8C_%D9%86%D8%B0%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85" title="قاضی نذر الاسلام – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="قاضی نذر الاسلام" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E9%BD%90%C2%B7%E7%BA%B3%E5%85%B9%E9%B2%81%C2%B7%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A7%86" title="卡齐·纳兹鲁·伊斯拉姆 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="卡齐·纳兹鲁·伊斯拉姆" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Kazi_Nazrul_Islam&params=23.7351_N_90.3950_E_region:BD_type:landmark"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">23°44′06″N</span> <span class="longitude">90°23′42″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">23.7351°N 90.3950°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">23.7351; 90.3950</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-good-star" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Good_articles*" title="This is a good article. Click here for more information."><img alt="This is a good article. Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Bengali poet, writer and musician (1899–1976)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span>"Nazrul" and "Nazrul Islam" redirect here. For other persons with the same name, see <a href="/wiki/Nazrul_Islam_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Nazrul Islam (disambiguation)">Nazrul Islam (disambiguation)</a>.</span> <span>For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Kazi_Nazrul_Islam_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Kazi Nazrul Islam (disambiguation)">Kazi Nazrul Islam (disambiguation)</a>.</span></div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="honorific-prefix" style="font-size: 77%; font-weight: normal;">Rebel Poet<br />National Poet</div><div class="fn">Kazi Nazrul Islam</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="nickname" lang="bn"><span title="Bengali-language text"><span lang="bn">কাজী নজরুল ইসলাম</span></span></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Nazrul.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Nazrul.jpg/220px-Nazrul.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="296" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Nazrul.jpg/330px-Nazrul.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a6/Nazrul.jpg 2x" data-file-width="333" data-file-height="448" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Kazi Nazrul Islam in 1926, <a href="/wiki/Chittagong" title="Chittagong">Chittagong</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Pronunciation</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="bn-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Bengali" title="Help:IPA/Bengali">[kad͡ʒi<span class="wrap"> </span>nod͡ʒɾul<span class="wrap"> </span>islam]</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r979066050">.mw-parser-output ul.cslist,.mw-parser-output ul.sslist{margin:0;padding:0;display:inline-block;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output ul.cslist-embedded{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .cslist li,.mw-parser-output .sslist li{margin:0;padding:0 0.25em 0 0;display:inline-block}.mw-parser-output .cslist li:after{content:", "}.mw-parser-output .sslist li:after{content:"; "}.mw-parser-output .cslist li:last-child:after,.mw-parser-output .sslist li:last-child:after{content:none}</style><ul class="sslist"><li>11 <a href="/wiki/Joishtho" title="Joishtho">Jyaiṣṭha</a> 1306 <a href="/wiki/Bengali_calendars" title="Bengali calendars">Baṅgābda</a></li><li><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1899-05-24</span>)</span>24 May 1899<sup id="cite_ref-Banglapedia_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Banglapedia-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nazrul1_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nazrul1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul><br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Churulia" title="Churulia">Churulia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bengal_Presidency" title="Bengal Presidency">Bengal</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British India</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">29 August 1976<span style="display:none">(1976-08-29)</span> (aged 77)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Dhaka" title="Dhaka">Dhaka</a>, Bangladesh</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Resting place</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Mausoleum_of_Kazi_Nazrul_Islam" title="Mausoleum of Kazi Nazrul Islam">Mausoleum of Kazi Nazrul Islam</a>, Bangladesh<br /><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Kazi_Nazrul_Islam&params=23.7351_N_90.3950_E_region:BD_type:landmark"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">23°44′06″N</span> <span class="longitude">90°23′42″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">23.7351°N 90.3950°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">23.7351; 90.3950</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other names</th><td class="infobox-data nickname">Dukhu Mia</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Citizenship</th><td class="infobox-data category"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British India</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1899–1947)</span></li><li><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1947–1976)</span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1976–1976)<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupations</th><td class="infobox-data role"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Poet</li><li>short-story writer</li><li>novelist</li><li>essayist</li><li>playwright</li><li>journalist</li><li>editor</li><li>translator</li><li>songwriter</li><li>composer</li><li>singer</li><li>actor</li><li>soldier</li><li>activist</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Years active</th><td class="infobox-data">1920–1942</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Works</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_works_of_Kazi_Nazrul_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="List of works of Kazi Nazrul Islam">Bibliography</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Nazrul_Geeti" title="Nazrul Geeti">discography</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data org"><a href="/wiki/Workers_and_Peasants_Party_(India)" title="Workers and Peasants Party (India)">Workers and Peasants Party</a><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Movement</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Bengali_Renaissance" class="mw-redirect" title="Bengali Renaissance">Bengali Renaissance</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Criminal charges</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sedition" title="Sedition">Sedition</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Criminal penalty</th><td class="infobox-data">3-month <a href="/wiki/Imprisonment" title="Imprisonment">imprisonment</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouses</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Nargis Asar Khanum</div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1921; <abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr> 1937)<wbr /></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Pramila Devi</div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1924; died 1962)<wbr /></div><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Krishna Muhammad</li><li>Arindam Khaled (Bulbul)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Kazi_Sabyasachi" title="Kazi Sabyasachi">Kazi Sabyasachi</a></li><li>Kazi Aniruddha</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parents</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Kazi Faqeer Ahmed (father)</li><li>Zahida Khatun (mother)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>Jagattarini Medal (1945)</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Padma_Bhushan_Ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Padma_Bhushan_Ribbon.svg/25px-Padma_Bhushan_Ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Padma_Bhushan_Ribbon.svg/38px-Padma_Bhushan_Ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Padma_Bhushan_Ribbon.svg/50px-Padma_Bhushan_Ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Padma_Bhushan" title="Padma Bhushan">Padma Bhushan</a> (1960)</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ekushey_Padak_Ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Ekushey_Padak_Ribbon.svg/25px-Ekushey_Padak_Ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Ekushey_Padak_Ribbon.svg/38px-Ekushey_Padak_Ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Ekushey_Padak_Ribbon.svg/50px-Ekushey_Padak_Ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="279" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Ekushey_Padak" title="Ekushey Padak">Ekushey Padak</a> (1976)</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Independence_Day_Award_Ribbon_(Bangladesh).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Independence_Day_Award_Ribbon_%28Bangladesh%29.svg/25px-Independence_Day_Award_Ribbon_%28Bangladesh%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Independence_Day_Award_Ribbon_%28Bangladesh%29.svg/38px-Independence_Day_Award_Ribbon_%28Bangladesh%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Independence_Day_Award_Ribbon_%28Bangladesh%29.svg/50px-Independence_Day_Award_Ribbon_%28Bangladesh%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="279" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Independence_Award" title="Independence Award">Independence Award</a> (1977)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><b>Writing career</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Pen name</th><td class="infobox-data nickname" style="line-height:1.4em;">Dhūmketu</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Nickname</th><td class="infobox-data nickname" style="line-height:1.4em;">Dukhumian, Tarakkhyapa</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Language</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Hindustani_language" title="Hindustani language">Hindustani</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Period</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Bengali_literature#Modern_(1800–present)" title="Bengali literature">Modern</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Genre</th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.4em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r979066050"><ul class="cslist"><li><a href="/wiki/Short_story" title="Short story">Short story</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Novel" title="Novel">novel</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Essay" title="Essay">essay</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Poem" class="mw-redirect" title="Poem">poem</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ghazal" title="Ghazal">ghazal</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Song" title="Song">song</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Subject</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r979066050"><ul class="cslist"><li><a href="/wiki/Revolution" title="Revolution">Revolution</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Freedom" title="Freedom">freedom</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Humanism" title="Humanism">humanism</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Communism" title="Communism">communism</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Secularism" title="Secularism">secularism</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Justice" title="Justice">justice</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_rights" title="Women's rights">women's rights</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Love" title="Love">love</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Notable works</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r979066050"><ul class="cslist"><li><i><a href="/wiki/Notuner_Gaan" title="Notuner Gaan">Notuner Gaan</a></i></li><li><i><a href="/wiki/Bidrohi_(poem)" title="Bidrohi (poem)">Bidrohi</a></i></li><li><i><a href="/wiki/Pralayollas" title="Pralayollas">Pralayollas</a></i></li><li><i><a href="/wiki/Dhumketu_(magazine)" title="Dhumketu (magazine)">Dhumketu</a></i></li><li><i><a href="/wiki/Agnibeena" title="Agnibeena">Agnibeena</a></i></li><li><i>Bandhan Hara</i></li><li><i><a href="/wiki/O_Mon_Romzaner_Oi_Rozar_Sheshe" title="O Mon Romzaner Oi Rozar Sheshe">O Mon Romzaner Oi Rozar Sheshe</a></i></li></ul></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><b>Musical career</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Genres</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nazrul_Geeti" title="Nazrul Geeti">Nazrul Geeti</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Hindustani_classical" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindustani classical">Hindustani classical</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Folk_music" title="Folk music">folk</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_song" title="Revolutionary song">revolutionary</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/March_(music)" title="March (music)">march</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_music" title="Arabic music">Arabic</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Persian_traditional_music" title="Persian traditional music">Persian</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ghazal" title="Ghazal">ghazal</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Hamd" title="Hamd">hamd</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Na%CA%BDat" title="Naʽat">naʽat</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Shyama_Sangeet" title="Shyama Sangeet">Shyama Sangeet</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Instruments</th><td class="infobox-data note"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vocals" class="mw-redirect" title="Vocals">Vocals</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Harmonium" class="mw-redirect" title="Harmonium">harmonium</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Setar" title="Setar">setar</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Tabla" title="Tabla">tabla</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Flute" title="Flute">flute</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Discography</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Nazrul_Geeti" title="Nazrul Geeti">Full list</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Labels</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/His_Master%27s_Voice" title="His Master's Voice">His Master's Voice</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/All_India_Radio" title="All India Radio">All India Radio</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Formerly of</th><td class="infobox-data">Leto group</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Musical artist</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-weight:bold;">Military career</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Allegiance</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Service <wbr />/ branch</th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Purported_flag_of_the_Royal_Indian_Army.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Purported_flag_of_the_Royal_Indian_Army.svg/20px-Purported_flag_of_the_Royal_Indian_Army.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Purported_flag_of_the_Royal_Indian_Army.svg/30px-Purported_flag_of_the_Royal_Indian_Army.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Purported_flag_of_the_Royal_Indian_Army.svg/40px-Purported_flag_of_the_Royal_Indian_Army.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="11622" data-file-height="7748" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/British_Indian_Army" title="British Indian Army">British Indian Army</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Years of service</th><td class="infobox-data">1917–1920</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:India-Army-OR-6.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/India-Army-OR-6.svg/20px-India-Army-OR-6.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/India-Army-OR-6.svg/30px-India-Army-OR-6.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/India-Army-OR-6.svg/40px-India-Army-OR-6.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="166" data-file-height="146" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Havildar" title="Havildar">Havildar</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sergeant" title="Sergeant">Sergeant</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Unit</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bengali_Regiment" title="Bengali Regiment">49th Bengalee Regiment</a><sup id="cite_ref-:1A_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1A-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Battles / wars</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Signature</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="infobox-signature skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Signature_of_Kazi_Nazrul_Islam.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Signature_of_Kazi_Nazrul_Islam.svg/150px-Signature_of_Kazi_Nazrul_Islam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="46" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Signature_of_Kazi_Nazrul_Islam.svg/225px-Signature_of_Kazi_Nazrul_Islam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Signature_of_Kazi_Nazrul_Islam.svg/300px-Signature_of_Kazi_Nazrul_Islam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="157" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Kazi Nazrul Islam</b> (<a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a>: <span lang="bn">কাজী নজরুল ইসলাম</span>, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">pronounced</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="bn-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Bengali" title="Help:IPA/Bengali">[kad͡ʒi<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈnod͡ʒɾul<span class="wrap"> </span>islam]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" 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href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> – 29 August 1976) was a Bengali poet, short story writer, journalist, lyricist and musician.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He is the <a href="/wiki/National_poet" title="National poet">national poet</a> of <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a>. Nazrul produced a <a href="/wiki/List_of_works_by_Kazi_Nazrul_Islam" title="List of works by Kazi Nazrul Islam">large body of poetry, music, messages, novels, and stories</a> with themes, that included equality, justice, anti-imperialism, humanity, rebellion against oppression and religious devotion.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nazrul Islam's activism for political and social justice as well as writing a poem titled as "Bidrohī", meaning "the rebel" in Bengali, earned him the title of "Bidrohī Kôbi" (<i>Rebel Poet</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His compositions form the <a href="/wiki/Avant-garde_music" title="Avant-garde music">avant-garde music</a> genre of <a href="/wiki/Nazrul_Geeti" title="Nazrul Geeti">Nazrul Gīti</a> (<i>Music of Nazrul</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-pmo_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmo-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Born into a <a href="/wiki/Bengali_Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Bengali Muslim">Bengali Muslim</a> <a href="/wiki/Qadi" title="Qadi">Kazi</a> family hailing from <a href="/wiki/Churulia" title="Churulia">Churulia</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bardhaman_district" title="Bardhaman district">Burdwan district</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bengal_Presidency" title="Bengal Presidency">Bengal Presidency</a> (now in <a href="/wiki/West_Bengal" title="West Bengal">West Bengal</a>, India),<sup id="cite_ref-nazrul1_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nazrul1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nazrul Islam received religious education and as a young man worked as a <a href="/wiki/Muezzin" title="Muezzin">muezzin</a> at a local mosque. He learned about poetry, drama, and literature while working with the rural theatrical group <i>Leṭor Dôl</i>, <i>Leṭo</i> being a folk song genre of West Bengal<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> usually performed by the people from Muslim community of the region. He joined the <a href="/wiki/British_Indian_Army" title="British Indian Army">British Indian Army</a> in 1917 and was posted in Karachi. Nazrul Islam established himself as a journalist in <a href="/wiki/Calcutta" class="mw-redirect" title="Calcutta">Calcutta</a> after the war ended. He criticised the <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British Raj</a> and called for revolution through his famous poetic works, such as <a href="/wiki/Bidrohi_(poem)" title="Bidrohi (poem)">"Bidrohī"</a> ('The Rebel') and "Bhangar Gan" ('The Song of Destruction'),<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as in his publication <i><a href="/wiki/Dhumketu_(magazine)" title="Dhumketu (magazine)">Dhūmketu</a></i> ('The Comet'). His nationalist activism in <a href="/wiki/Indian_independence_movement" title="Indian independence movement">Indian independence movement</a> led to his frequent imprisonment by the colonial British authorities. While in prison, Nazrul Islam wrote the "Rajbôndīr Jôbanbôndī" ('Deposition of a Political Prisoner').<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His writings greatly inspired <a href="/wiki/Bengalis" title="Bengalis">Bengalis</a> of <a href="/wiki/East_Pakistan" title="East Pakistan">East Pakistan</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Liberation_War" title="Bangladesh Liberation War">Bangladesh Liberation War</a>. </p><p>Nazrul Islam's writings explored themes such as freedom, humanity, love, and revolution. He opposed all forms of bigotry and fundamentalism, including religious, <a href="/wiki/Caste" title="Caste">caste</a>-based and gender-based.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nazrul wrote short stories, novels, and essays but is best known for his songs and poems. He introduced the <a href="/wiki/Ghazal" title="Ghazal">ghazal</a> songs in the Bengali language<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:4_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is also known for his extensive use of <a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a> influenced <a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a> words in his works.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nazrul Islam wrote and composed music for nearly 4,000 songs (many recorded on <a href="/wiki/His_Master%27s_Voice" title="His Master's Voice">HMV</a> <a href="/wiki/Gramophone_record" class="mw-redirect" title="Gramophone record">gramophone records</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> collectively known as <i>Nazrul Gīti.</i> In 1942 at the age of 43, he began to be affected by an unknown disease, losing his voice and memory. A medical team in <a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a> diagnosed the disease as <a href="/wiki/Pick%27s_disease" class="mw-redirect" title="Pick's disease">Pick's disease</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a rare incurable <a href="/wiki/Neurodegenerative_disease" title="Neurodegenerative disease">neurodegenerative disease</a>. It caused Nazrul Islam's health to decline steadily and forced him to live in isolation. He was also admitted in <a href="/wiki/Ranchi" title="Ranchi">Ranchi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Jharkhand" title="Jharkhand">Jharkhand</a>) psychiatric hospital for many years. The ailing <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">Indian</a> poet was taken to <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a> with the consent of the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_India" title="Government of India">Government of India</a> on 24 May 1972, at the invitation of the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Bangladesh" title="Government of Bangladesh">Government of Bangladesh</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His family accompanied him and relocated to <a href="/wiki/Dhaka" title="Dhaka">Dhaka</a>. Later, on February 18, 1976, the citizenship of <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a> was conferred upon him.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He died on 29 August 1976.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazi_Nazrul_Islam&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nazrul Islam was born on Wednesday 24 May 1899<sup id="cite_ref-instibio_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-instibio-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in the village of <a href="/wiki/Churulia" title="Churulia">Churulia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Asansol_Sadar_subdivision" title="Asansol Sadar subdivision">Asansol Sadar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paschim_Bardhaman_district" title="Paschim Bardhaman district">Paschim Bardhaman district</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Bengal_Presidency" title="Bengal Presidency">Bengal Presidency</a> (now in <a href="/wiki/West_Bengal,_India" class="mw-redirect" title="West Bengal, India">West Bengal, India</a>). He was born into the <a href="/wiki/Bengali_Muslims" title="Bengali Muslims">Bengali Muslim</a> <a href="/wiki/Taluqdar" title="Taluqdar">Taluqdar</a> family of Churulia and was the second of three sons and a daughter.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nazrul Islam's father Kazi Faqeer Ahmed was the <a href="/wiki/Imam" title="Imam">imam</a> and caretaker of the local Pirpukur mosque and mausoleum of Haji Pahlawan.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nazrul Islam's mother was Zahida Khatun. Nazrul Islam had two brothers, Kazi Saahibjaan and Kazi Ali Hussain, and a sister, Umme Kulsum. He was nicknamed <i>Dukhu Miañ</i> (দুখু মিঞা) literally, 'the one with grief'). Nazrul Islam studied at a <a href="/wiki/Maktab_(education)" class="mw-redirect" title="Maktab (education)">maktab</a> and <a href="/wiki/Madrassa" class="mw-redirect" title="Madrassa">madrasa</a>, run by a mosque and a <a href="/wiki/Dargah" class="mw-redirect" title="Dargah">dargah</a> respectively, where he studied the <a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hadith" title="Hadith">Hadith</a>, <a href="/wiki/Islamic_philosophy" title="Islamic philosophy">Islamic philosophy</a>, and theology. His father died in 1908 and at the age of ten, Nazrul Islam took his father's place as a caretaker of the mosque to support his family. He also assisted teachers in the school. He later worked as the <a href="/wiki/Muezzin" title="Muezzin">muezzin</a> at the mosque.<sup id="cite_ref-Banglapedia_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Banglapedia-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MOF2_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MOF2-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Attracted to folk theatre, Nazrul Islam joined a <i>leto</i> (travelling theatrical group) run by his uncle Fazle Karim. He worked and travelled with them, learning to act, as well as writing songs and poems for the plays and musicals.<sup id="cite_ref-instibio_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-instibio-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Through his work and experiences, Nazrul Islam began studying Bengali and <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit_literature" title="Sanskrit literature">Sanskrit literature</a>, as well as Hindu scriptures such as the <a href="/wiki/Puranas" title="Puranas">Puranas</a>. Nazrul Islam composed folk plays for the group, which included <i>Chāshār Shōng</i> ('the drama of a peasant'), and plays about characters from the <a href="/wiki/Mahabharata" title="Mahabharata">Mahabharata</a> including <i>Shokunībōdh</i> ('the Killing of <i><a href="/wiki/Shakun" title="Shakun">Shakuni</a></i>), Rājā Judhisthirer Shōng ('the drama of King <a href="/wiki/Yudhishthira" title="Yudhishthira">Yudhishthira</a>), <i>Dātā Kōrno</i> ('the philanthropic <i><a href="/wiki/Karna" title="Karna">Karna</a>'), Ākbōr Bādshāh</i> ('<a href="/wiki/Akbar" title="Akbar">Akbar</a> the emperor'), <i>Kobi Kālidās</i> ('poet <a href="/wiki/Kalidas" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalidas">Kalidas</a>'), <i>Bidyan Hutum</i> ('the learned owl'), and <i>Rājputrer Shōng</i> ('the prince's sorrow').<sup id="cite_ref-Banglapedia_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Banglapedia-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1910, Nazrul Islam left the troupe and enrolled at the <a href="/wiki/Searsole_Raj_High_School" title="Searsole Raj High School">Searsole Raj High School</a> in <a href="/wiki/Raniganj" title="Raniganj">Raniganj</a>. In school, he was influenced by his teacher, a <a href="/wiki/Jugantar" title="Jugantar">Jugantar</a> activist, Nibaran Chandra Ghatak, and began a lifelong friendship with fellow author Sailajananda Mukhopadhyay, who was his classmate. He later transferred to the Mathrun High English School, studying under the headmaster and poet <a href="/wiki/Kumud_Ranjan_Mullick" title="Kumud Ranjan Mullick">Kumud Ranjan Mullick</a>. Unable to continue paying his school fees, Nazrul Islam left the school and joined a group of <a href="/wiki/Kavigan" title="Kavigan">kaviyals</a>. Later he took jobs as a cook at Wahid Confectionery, a well-known bakery of the region, and at a tea stall in the town of Asansol. In 1914, Nazrul Islam studied in the Darirampur School (now Govt. Nazrul Academy) in <a href="/wiki/Trishal" title="Trishal">Trishal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mymensingh_District" title="Mymensingh District">Mymensingh District</a>. Amongst other subjects, Nazrul Islam studied Bengali, <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a>, Arabic, <a href="/wiki/Persian_literature" title="Persian literature">Persian literature</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hindustani_classical_music" title="Hindustani classical music">Hindustani classical music</a> under teachers who were impressed by his dedication and skill.<sup id="cite_ref-Banglapedia_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Banglapedia-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nazrul Islam studied up to grade<span class="nowrap"> </span>10 but did not appear for the <a href="/wiki/Matriculation" title="Matriculation">matriculation</a> pre-test examination; instead in 1917, he joined the <a href="/wiki/British_Indian_Army" title="British Indian Army">British Indian Army</a> at the age of eighteen. He had two primary motivations for joining the British Indian Army: first, a youthful desire for adventure and, second, an interest in the politics of the time.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Attached to the 49th <a href="/wiki/Bengal_Regiment" class="mw-redirect" title="Bengal Regiment">Bengal Regiment</a>, he was posted to the <a href="/wiki/Karachi_Cantonment" title="Karachi Cantonment">Karachi Cantonment</a>, where he wrote his first prose and poetry. Although he never saw active fighting, he rose in rank from corporal to <a href="/wiki/Havildar" title="Havildar">havildar</a> (sergeant), and served as <a href="/wiki/Quartermaster" title="Quartermaster">quartermaster</a> for his <a href="/wiki/Battalion" title="Battalion">battalion</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During this period, Nazrul Islam read extensively the works of <a href="/wiki/Rabindranath_Tagore" title="Rabindranath Tagore">Rabindranath Tagore</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sarat_Chandra_Chattopadhyay" title="Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay">Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay</a>, as well as the Persian poets <a href="/wiki/Hafez_(poet)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hafez (poet)">Hafez</a>, <a href="/wiki/Omar_Khayyam" title="Omar Khayyam">Omar Khayyam</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Rumi" title="Rumi">Rumi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He learned Persian poetry from the regiment's <a href="/wiki/Punjabi_Muslims" title="Punjabi Muslims">Punjabi</a> <a href="/wiki/Moulvi" class="mw-redirect" title="Moulvi">Moulvi</a>, practiced music, and pursued his literary interests. His first prose work, <i>"Life of a Vagabond"</i> (<i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>Baunduler Atmakahini</i>), was published in May 1919. His poem "Mukti" ("মুক্তি", 'Freedom') was published by the <i><a href="/wiki/Bengali_Muslim_Literary_Journal" class="mw-redirect" title="Bengali Muslim Literary Journal">Bengali Muslim Literary Journal</a></i> (<i>Bangiya Mussalman Sahitya Samiti</i>) in July 1919.<sup id="cite_ref-Banglapedia_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Banglapedia-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazi_Nazrul_Islam&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatleft" style=";"> <div class="quotebox-title" style="">Bidrohi (The Rebel)</div> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> <div class="poem"> <p>I am the unutterable grief,<br /> I am the trembling first touch of the virgin,<br /> I am the throbbing tenderness of her first stolen kiss.<br /> I am the fleeting glance of the veiled beloved,<br /> I am her constant surreptitious gaze...<br /> <br /> I am the burning volcano in the bosom of the earth,<br /> I am the wildfire of the woods,<br /> I am Hell's mad terrific sea of wrath!<br /> I ride on the wings of lightning with joy and profundity,<br /> I scatter misery and fear all around,<br /> I bring earthquakes on this world! <small>"(8th stanza)"</small><br /> <br /> I am the rebel eternal,<br /> I raise my head beyond this world,<br /> High, ever erect and alone! </p> </div> </blockquote> <p style="padding-bottom: 0;"><cite class="right-aligned" style=""> – Translation by Kabir Choudhary<sup id="cite_ref-Bidrohi_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bidrohi-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></p> </div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kazi_nazrul_islam_with_Setar.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Kazi_nazrul_islam_with_Setar.jpg/210px-Kazi_nazrul_islam_with_Setar.jpg" decoding="async" width="210" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Kazi_nazrul_islam_with_Setar.jpg/315px-Kazi_nazrul_islam_with_Setar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Kazi_nazrul_islam_with_Setar.jpg/420px-Kazi_nazrul_islam_with_Setar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1300" data-file-height="1192" /></a><figcaption>Kazi Nazrul Islam playing <a href="/wiki/Setar" title="Setar">setar</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Kazi Nazrul Islam joined the army in late 1917. Nazrul Islam left the British Indian army in 1920, when the 49th Bengal Regiment was disbanded,<sup id="cite_ref-:0_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and settled in <a href="/wiki/Kolkata" title="Kolkata">Calcutta</a>. He joined the staff of the <i><a href="/wiki/Bangiya_Mussalman_Sahitya_Samiti" title="Bangiya Mussalman Sahitya Samiti">Bangiya Mussalman Sahitya Samiti</a></i> ("Bengali Muslim Literary Society").<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He published his first novel <i>Bandhan-hara</i> (<i>বাঁধন-হারা</i>, 'Freedom from Bondage') in 1920, on which he continued to work over the next seven years.<sup id="cite_ref-Banglapedia_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Banglapedia-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His first collection of poems, which included "<i>Bodhan</i>", "<i>Shat-il-Arab</i>", "<i>Kheya-parer</i> <i>Tarani</i>", and "<i>Badal Prater Sharab</i>", received critical acclaim.<sup id="cite_ref-Banglapedia_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Banglapedia-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nazrul Islam grew close to other young Muslim writers, while working at the Bengali Muslim Literary Society, including <a href="/wiki/Md.Mozammel_Haque" class="mw-redirect" title="Md.Mozammel Haque">Mohammad Mozammel Haq</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kazi_Abdul_Wadud" title="Kazi Abdul Wadud">Kazi Abdul Wadud</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Shahidullah" title="Muhammad Shahidullah">Muhammad Shahidullah</a>. Nazrul Islam and Muhammad Shahidullah remained close throughout their lives. He was a regular at the social clubs for Calcutta's writers, poets, and intellectuals such as the Gajendar Adda and the Bharatiya Adda. Nazrul did not have the formal education of Rabindranath and as a result his poems did not follow the literary practices established by Rabindranath. Due to this he faced criticism from followers of Rabindranath.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite their differences, Nazrul looked to Rabindranath Tagore as a mentor.<sup id="cite_ref-Banglapedia_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Banglapedia-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1921, Nazrul Islam was engaged to Nargis, the niece of a well-known Muslim publisher, Ali Akbar Khan, in Daulatpur, <a href="/wiki/Comilla_District" title="Comilla District">Comilla</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 18 June 1921, the day of the wedding, upon public insistence by Khan that the term "Nazrul must reside in Daulatpur after marriage" be included in the marriage contract, Nazrul Islam walked away from the wedding ceremony.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nazrul_young_in_1921.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Nazrul_young_in_1921.jpg/200px-Nazrul_young_in_1921.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="266" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Nazrul_young_in_1921.jpg/300px-Nazrul_young_in_1921.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Nazrul_young_in_1921.jpg/400px-Nazrul_young_in_1921.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="2662" /></a><figcaption>Young Kazi Nazrul Islam in-front of <a href="/wiki/Dalmadal_Cannon" title="Dalmadal Cannon">Dalmadal Cannon</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bishnupur,_Bankura" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishnupur, Bankura">Bishnupur, Bankura</a>, 1920s</figcaption></figure> <p>Nazrul Islam reached the peak of his fame in 1922 with <i><a href="/wiki/Bidrohi_(poem)" title="Bidrohi (poem)">Bidrohi</a></i> (The Rebel), which remains his most famous work, winning the admiration of India's literary society for his description of a rebel.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Published in the <i>Bijli</i> <i>(বিজলী</i>, "Lightning") magazine, the rebellious language and theme were well received, coinciding with the <a href="/wiki/Non-Cooperation_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-Cooperation Movement">Non-Cooperation Movement</a> – the first mass nationalist campaign of <a href="/wiki/Civil_disobedience" title="Civil disobedience">civil disobedience</a> against British rule.<sup id="cite_ref-Banglapedia_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Banglapedia-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nazrul Islam explores the different forces at work in a rebel, the destroyer, and the preserver who is able to express rage as well as beauty and sensitivity. He followed up by writing <i><a href="/wiki/Pralayollas" title="Pralayollas">Pralayollas</a></i> ('Destructive Euphoria'), and his first anthology of poems, the <i>Agni-veena</i> ("অগ্নি-বীণা", 'Lyre of Fire') in 1922, which enjoyed commercial and critical success. He also published a volume of short stories, the <i>Byathar Dan</i> "ব্যথার দান" ('Gift of Sorrow'),<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <i>Yugbani</i> ("যুগবাণী"), an anthology of essays.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nazrul Islam started a bi-weekly magazine, <i>Dhumketu</i> ("ধূমকেতু", 'Comet') on 12 August 1922 that was critical of the British Empire. Earning the moniker of the "rebel poet", Nazrul Islam aroused the suspicion of British Raj authorities.<sup id="cite_ref-instibio_32-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-instibio-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:5_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Police raided the office of <i>Dhumketu</i> after it published "Anondomoyeer Agomone" ("আনন্দময়ীর আগমনে"), a political poem, in September 1922. Nazrul Islam was arrested on 23 January 1923 and charged with <a href="/wiki/Sedition" title="Sedition">sedition</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_53-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He presented a long argument in the court, an excerpt of what he said: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>I have been accused of sedition... To plead for me, the king of all kings, the judge of all judges, the eternal truth the living God... I am a poet; I have been sent by God to express the unexpressed, to portray the unportrayed. It is God who is heard through the voice of the poet... I am an instrument of God. The instrument is not unbreakable, but who is there to break God?<sup id="cite_ref-sedition_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sedition-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nazrul_as_Narad.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Nazrul_as_Narad.jpg/188px-Nazrul_as_Narad.jpg" decoding="async" width="188" height="294" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a3/Nazrul_as_Narad.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption>Kazi Nazrul Islam in the role of <a href="/wiki/Narada" title="Narada">Narada</a>, in the stage drama <i>Dhruba.</i></figcaption></figure> <p>On 14 April 1923, he was moved from <a href="/wiki/Alipore_Jail" class="mw-redirect" title="Alipore Jail">Alipore Jail</a> to <a href="/wiki/Hooghly_Jail" title="Hooghly Jail">Hooghly Jail</a> in <a href="/wiki/Hooghly_district" title="Hooghly district">Hooghly</a>. He began a 40-day fast to protest mistreatment by the British jail superintendent, breaking his fast more than a month later and eventually being released from prison in December 1923. Nazrul Islam composed numerous poems and songs during his period of imprisonment. In the 1920s, the British Indian government banned many of his writings.<sup id="cite_ref-Banglapedia_1-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Banglapedia-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Rabindranath_Tagore" title="Rabindranath Tagore">Rabindranath Tagore</a> dedicated his play "Basanta" to Nazrul Islam in 1923. Nazrul Islam wrote the poem "Aj Srishti Shukher Ullashe" to thank Tagore.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His book <i>Bisher Banshi</i> ('The Flute of Poison'), published in August 1924,<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was banned by the <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British Raj</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Bisher Banshi</i> called for rebellion in India against the British Raj.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Bisher Banshi</i> was read and distributed in secret following the ban.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hooghly_district_Correctional_Home_at_Hooghly-_Chinsurah_10.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Hooghly_district_Correctional_Home_at_Hooghly-_Chinsurah_10.jpg/220px-Hooghly_district_Correctional_Home_at_Hooghly-_Chinsurah_10.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="391" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Hooghly_district_Correctional_Home_at_Hooghly-_Chinsurah_10.jpg/330px-Hooghly_district_Correctional_Home_at_Hooghly-_Chinsurah_10.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Hooghly_district_Correctional_Home_at_Hooghly-_Chinsurah_10.jpg/440px-Hooghly_district_Correctional_Home_at_Hooghly-_Chinsurah_10.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2322" data-file-height="4128" /></a><figcaption>Plaque in memory of Kazi Nazrul Islam in Hooghly Jail</figcaption></figure> <p>Nazrul Islam was a critic of the <a href="/wiki/Khilafat_Movement" title="Khilafat Movement">Khilafat Movement</a> in British India which he condemned as "hollow <a href="/wiki/Religious_fundamentalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Religious fundamentalism">religious fundamentalism</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-Banglapedia_1-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Banglapedia-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His rebellious expression extended to rigid orthodoxy in the name of religion and politics.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also criticised the <a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress" title="Indian National Congress">Indian National Congress</a> for not embracing outright political independence from the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a>. Nazrul became active in encouraging people to agitate against British rule, and joined the Bengal state unit of the Indian National Congress.<sup id="cite_ref-Banglapedia_1-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Banglapedia-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Along with <a href="/wiki/Muzaffar_Ahmed_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Muzaffar Ahmed (politician)">Muzaffar Ahmed</a>, Nazrul also helped organise the <a href="/wiki/Workers_and_Peasants_Party_(India)" title="Workers and Peasants Party (India)">Sramik Praja Swaraj Dal</a> (Workers and Peasants Party), a socialist political party committed to national independence and the service of the working class. On 16 December 1925, Nazrul began publishing the <i>Langal</i> ('Plough'), a weekly, and served as its chief editor.<sup id="cite_ref-Banglapedia_1-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Banglapedia-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During his visit to <a href="/wiki/Comilla_District" title="Comilla District">Comilla</a> in 1921, Nazrul Islam met a young Bengali Hindu woman, Pramila Devi, with whom he fell in love, and they married on 25 April 1924. <a href="/wiki/Brahmo_Samaj" title="Brahmo Samaj">Brahmo Samaj</a> criticised Pramila, a member of the Brahmo Samaj, for marrying a Muslim. Muslim religious leaders criticised Nazrul Islam for his marriage to a Hindu woman. He also was criticised for his writings. Despite controversy, Nazrul Islam's popularity and reputation as the "rebel poet" increased significantly.<sup id="cite_ref-Banglapedia_1-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Banglapedia-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With his wife and young son Bulbul, Nazrul Islam settled at <a href="/wiki/Grace_Cottage,_Krishnanagar" title="Grace Cottage, Krishnanagar">Grace Cottage, Krishnanagar</a> in <a href="/wiki/Krishnanagar,_Nadia" title="Krishnanagar, Nadia">Krishnanagar</a> in 1926. His work began to transform as he wrote poetry and songs that articulated the aspirations of the working class, a sphere of his work known as "mass music".<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1224211176"><div class="quotebox pullquote floatleft" style=";"> <div class="quotebox-title" style="">Daridro (Poverty)</div> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> <div class="poem"> <p>O poverty, thou hast made me great<br /> Thou hast made me honoured like Christ<br /> With his crown of thorns. Thou hast given me<br /> Courage to reveal all. To thee I owe<br /> My insolent, naked eyes and sharp tongue.<br /> Thy curse has turned my violin to a sword...<br /> O proud saint, thy terrible fire<br /> Has rendered my heaven barren.<br /> O my child, my darling one<br /> I could not give thee even a drop of milk<br /> No right have I to rejoice.<br /> Poverty weeps within my doors forever<br /> As my spouse and my child.<br /> Who will play the flute? </p> </div> </blockquote> <p style="padding-bottom: 0;"><cite class="right-aligned" style=""> – Translated by Kabir Chowdhury<sup id="cite_ref-WB_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WB-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></p> </div><p>In what his contemporaries regarded as one of his greatest flairs of creativity, Nazrul Islam vastly contributed in profusely enriching <a href="/wiki/Ghazal" title="Ghazal">ghazals</a> in Bengali, transforming a form of poetry written mainly in <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu">Urdu</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-MOF2_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MOF2-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nazrul Islam's recording of Islamic songs was a commercial success and created interest in gramophone companies about publishing his works. A significant impact of Nazrul Islam's work in Bengal was that it made Bengali Muslims more comfortable with the Bengali arts, which used to be dominated by Bengali Hindus.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His Islamic songs are popular during Ramadan in Bangladesh. He also wrote devotional songs on the Hindu Goddess <a href="/wiki/Kali" title="Kali">Kali</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nazrul Islam also composed a number of notable <i>Shyamasangeet</i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Bhajan" title="Bhajan">Bhajan</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Kirtan" title="Kirtan">Kirtan</a></i>, combining Hindu devotional music.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1928, Nazrul Islam began working as a lyricist, composer, and music director for <a href="/wiki/His_Master%27s_Voice" title="His Master's Voice">His Master's Voice</a> Gramophone Company.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The songs written and music composed by him were broadcast on radio stations across India, including on the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Broadcasting_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Broadcasting Company">Indian Broadcasting Company</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Banglapedia_1-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Banglapedia-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1224211176"></p><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style=";"> <div class="quotebox-title" style="">Naari (Woman)</div> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> <div class="poem"> <p>I don't see any difference<br /> Between a man and woman<br /> Whatever great or benevolent achievements<br /> That are in this world<br /> Half of that was by woman,<br /> The other half by man. </p> </div> </blockquote> <p style="padding-bottom: 0;"><cite class="right-aligned" style=""> – Translation by Sajed Kamal<sup id="cite_ref-SK_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SK-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></p> </div> <p>Nazrul Islam believed in the equality of women, a view his contemporaries considered revolutionary, as expressed in his poem Naari (women).<sup id="cite_ref-Amin_1996_106_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Amin_1996_106-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nazrul Islam's poems strongly emphasised the confluence of the roles of both sexes and their equal importance to life. His poem "Barangana" (Prostitute) stunned society with its depiction of prostitutes who he addresses in the poem as "mother".<sup id="cite_ref-Huda_314_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Huda_314-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the poem, Nazrul Islam accepts the prostitute as a human being first, reasoning that this person belonged to the "race of mothers and sisters"; he criticises society's negative views on prostitutes.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An advocate of women rights, Nazrul Islam portrayed both traditional and nontraditional women in his work.<sup id="cite_ref-Huda_314_71-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Huda_314-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He talked about the working poor through his works such as the poem: 'Poverty' (Daridro).<sup id="cite_ref-Bidrohi_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bidrohi-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nazrul Islam wrote thousands of songs, known collectively as <i><a href="/wiki/Nazrul_Geeti" title="Nazrul Geeti">Nazrul Geeti</a></i>. The exact number is uncertain. The complete text of 2,260 is known, and the first lines of 2,872 have been collected, but according to musicologist <a href="/wiki/Karunamaya_Goswami" title="Karunamaya Goswami">Karunamaya Goswami</a>, it is popularly believed that the total is much higher. Goswami has written that some contemporaries put the number near 4,000.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Religious_beliefs">Religious beliefs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazi_Nazrul_Islam&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Religious beliefs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> Nazrul Islam was born a Muslim, but engaged in religious syncretism so often such that he was seen by laymen as only a proud pluralist. Nazrul Islam wrote an editorial in <i>Joog Bani</i> in 1920 about religious pluralism,<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"></p><blockquote class="templatequote"><p><i>Come brother Hindu! Come Musalman! Come Buddhist! Come Christian! Let us transcend all barriers, let us forsake forever all smallness, all lies, all selfishness and let us call brothers as brothers. We shall quarrel no more.</i></p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <p>In another article entitled <i>Hindu Mussalman</i>, published in <i>Ganabani</i> on 2 September 1922, he wrote that the religious quarrels were between priests and Imams and not between laymen Muslims and Hindus. He wrote that the Prophets had become property like cattle but they should instead be treated like a light that is for all men.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nazrul_at_Sitakunda_1929.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Nazrul_at_Sitakunda_1929.jpeg/178px-Nazrul_at_Sitakunda_1929.jpeg" decoding="async" width="178" height="242" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Nazrul_at_Sitakunda_1929.jpeg/267px-Nazrul_at_Sitakunda_1929.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Nazrul_at_Sitakunda_1929.jpeg/356px-Nazrul_at_Sitakunda_1929.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="454" data-file-height="617" /></a><figcaption>Kazi Nazrul Islam in <a href="/wiki/Sitakunda" title="Sitakunda">Sitakunda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chittagong_District" title="Chittagong District">Chittagong District</a> in 1929.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Nazrul Islam criticised religious fanaticism, denouncing it as evil and inherently irreligious. He wrote about human equality in his writings. He also explored the philosophy of the <a href="/wiki/Qur%27an" class="mw-redirect" title="Qur'an">Qur'an</a> and <a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a> by writing about them. Nazrul Islam has been compared to <a href="/wiki/William_Butler_Yeats" class="mw-redirect" title="William Butler Yeats">William Butler Yeats</a> by <a href="/wiki/Serajul_Islam_Choudhury" title="Serajul Islam Choudhury">Serajul Islam Choudhury</a>, Bengali literary critic and professor emeritus at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Dhaka" title="University of Dhaka">University of Dhaka</a>, for being the first Muslim poet to create imagery and symbolism of Muslim historical figures such as <a href="/wiki/Qasim_ibn_Hasan" class="mw-redirect" title="Qasim ibn Hasan">Qasim ibn Hasan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ali" title="Ali">Ali</a>, <a href="/wiki/Umar" title="Umar">Umar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Kemal_Atat%C3%BCrk" title="Mustafa Kemal Atatürk">Kamal Pasha</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-sedition_54-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sedition-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His condemnation of extremism and mistreatment of women provoked condemnation from Muslim and Hindu <a href="/wiki/Fundamentalists" class="mw-redirect" title="Fundamentalists">fundamentalists</a> who opposed his <a href="/wiki/Social_liberalism" title="Social liberalism">liberal</a> views on religion.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nazrul Islam's mother died in 1928, and his second son, Bulbul, died of <a href="/wiki/Smallpox" title="Smallpox">smallpox</a> the following year. His first son, Krishna Mohammad, had died prematurely. Pramila gave birth to two more sons – Sabyasachi in 1928 and Aniruddha in 1931 – but Nazrul Islam remained grief-stricken and grieved for a long time. His works changed significantly from the rebellious exploration of society to a deeper examination of religious themes. His works in these years led Islamic devotional songs into the mainstream of <a href="/wiki/Bengali_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Bengali music">Bengali folk music</a>, exploring the Islamic practices of <i><a href="/wiki/Namaz" class="mw-redirect" title="Namaz">namaz</a></i> (prayer), <i><a href="/wiki/Sawm" class="mw-redirect" title="Sawm">roza</a></i> (fasting), <i><a href="/wiki/Hajj" title="Hajj">hajj</a></i> (pilgrimage), and <i><a href="/wiki/Zakat" title="Zakat">zakat</a></i> (charity). He wrote the song "<a href="/wiki/O_Mon_Romzaner_Oi_Rozar_Sheshe" title="O Mon Romzaner Oi Rozar Sheshe">O Mon Romzaner Oi Rozar Sheshe</a>" on fasting during Ramadan.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was regarded by his contemporaries as a significant achievement, as <a href="/wiki/Bengali_Muslims" title="Bengali Muslims">Bengali Muslims</a> had been strongly averse to devotional music.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nazrul Islam was not limited to <a href="/wiki/Ghazal" title="Ghazal">Islamic devotional music</a> but also wrote Hindu devotional music. He composed <a href="/wiki/Agamani-Vijaya" title="Agamani-Vijaya">Agamanis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bhajan" title="Bhajan">Bhajans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shyama_Sangeet" title="Shyama Sangeet">Shyama Sangeet</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kirtan" title="Kirtan">kirtan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nazrul Islam wrote over 500 Hindu devotional songs.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, a section of Muslims criticised for writing Shyama Sangeet and declared him <a href="/wiki/Kafir" title="Kafir">Kafir</a> (infidel). On the other hand, he became displeased with some Hindus for writing devotional songs about Hindu goddesses because he was a Muslim.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nazrul Islam's poetry and songs explored the philosophy of Islam and Hinduism.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_77-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nazrul Islam's poetry imbibed the passion and creativity of <a href="/wiki/Shakti" title="Shakti">Shakti</a>, which is identified as the <a href="/wiki/Brahman" title="Brahman">Brahman</a>, the personification of primordial energy. He also composed many songs of invocation to Lord <a href="/wiki/Shiva" title="Shiva">Shiva</a> and the goddesses <a href="/wiki/Lakshmi" title="Lakshmi">Lakshmi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Saraswati" title="Saraswati">Saraswati</a> and on the love of <a href="/wiki/Radha" title="Radha">Radha</a> and <a href="/wiki/Krishna" title="Krishna">Krishna</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-MOF2_37-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MOF2-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nazrul Islam was an exponent of <a href="/wiki/Humanism" title="Humanism">humanism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Moniruzzaman_153–54_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Moniruzzaman_153–54-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although a Muslim, he named his sons with both Hindu and Muslim names: Krishna Mohammad, Arindam Khaled (Bulbul), <a href="/wiki/Kazi_Sabyasachi" title="Kazi Sabyasachi">Kazi Sabyasachi</a> and Kazi Aniruddha.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Later_life">Later life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazi_Nazrul_Islam&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Later life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1930, his book <i>Pralayshikha</i> was banned and he faced charges of <a href="/wiki/Sedition" title="Sedition">sedition</a> by the British Indian colonial government. He was sent to jail and released in 1931, after the <a href="/wiki/Gandhi%E2%80%93Irwin_Pact" title="Gandhi–Irwin Pact">Gandhi–Irwin Pact</a> was signed.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_57-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1933, Nazrul Islam published a collection of essays titled "Modern World Literature", in which he analyses different styles and themes of literature. Between 1928 and 1935, he published 10 volumes containing 800 songs, of which more than 600 were based on classical <i><a href="/wiki/Ragas" class="mw-redirect" title="Ragas">ragas</a></i>. Almost 100 were folk tunes after <i><a href="/wiki/Kirtans" class="mw-redirect" title="Kirtans">kirtans</a></i>, and some 30 were patriotic songs. From the time of his return to Kolkata until he fell ill in 1941, Nazrul Islam composed more than 2,600 songs, many of which have been lost.<sup id="cite_ref-MOF2_37-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MOF2-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His songs based on <a href="/wiki/Baul" title="Baul">Baul</a>, <i>jhumur</i>, <a href="/wiki/Santali_language" title="Santali language">Santhali</a> folksongs, jhanpan, or the folk songs of <a href="/wiki/Snake_charmers" class="mw-redirect" title="Snake charmers">snake charmers</a>, <i>bhatiali</i>, and <i>bhaoaia</i> consist of tunes of folk-songs on the one hand and a refined lyric with poetic beauty on the other. Nazrul Islam also wrote and published poems for children.<sup id="cite_ref-MOF2_37-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MOF2-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nazrul Islam's success soon brought him into Indian theatre and the then-nascent <a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_India" title="Cinema of India">film industry</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Banglapedia_1-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Banglapedia-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His first film as a director was <i><a href="/wiki/Dhruba" title="Dhruba">Dhruba</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which made him the first Muslim director of a Bengali film<i>.</i><sup id="cite_ref-:2_57-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The film <i><a href="/wiki/Vidyapati_(1937_film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vidyapati (1937 film)">Vidyapati</a></i> (Master of Knowledge) was produced based on his recorded play in 1936, and Nazrul Islam served as the music director for the film <i><a href="/wiki/Patalpuri" title="Patalpuri">Patalpuri</a></i> and <i>Gora</i>, (adaptation of Tagore's novel).<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nazrul Islam wrote songs and directed music for <a href="/wiki/Sachin_Sengupta" title="Sachin Sengupta">Sachin Sengupta</a>'s biographical epic play based on the life of <a href="/wiki/Siraj-ud-Daula" class="mw-redirect" title="Siraj-ud-Daula">Siraj-ud-Daula</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He worked on the plays "Jahangir" and "Annyapurna" by Monilal Gangopadhyay.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_91-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1939 Nazrul began working for Calcutta Radio, supervising the production and broadcasting of the station's musical programs. He produced critical and analytic documentaries on music, such as "Haramoni" and "Navaraga-malika". Nazrul Islam also wrote a large variety of songs inspired by the <a href="/wiki/Raga" title="Raga">raga</a> <i>Bhairav</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Illness_and_death">Illness and death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazi_Nazrul_Islam&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Illness and death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Side_view_of_Mausoleum_of_Kazi_Nazrul_Islam.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Side_view_of_Mausoleum_of_Kazi_Nazrul_Islam.jpg/220px-Side_view_of_Mausoleum_of_Kazi_Nazrul_Islam.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Side_view_of_Mausoleum_of_Kazi_Nazrul_Islam.jpg/330px-Side_view_of_Mausoleum_of_Kazi_Nazrul_Islam.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Side_view_of_Mausoleum_of_Kazi_Nazrul_Islam.jpg/440px-Side_view_of_Mausoleum_of_Kazi_Nazrul_Islam.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3984" data-file-height="2716" /></a><figcaption>As per a wish expressed in the Nazrul Geeti "<i>Mashjideri Pashe Amar Kobor Dio Bhai</i>" (Bury me next to the mosque, brother), Kazi Nazrul Islam is buried beside the Central Mosque of the <a href="/wiki/Dhaka_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Dhaka University">Dhaka University</a><sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Nazrul Islam's wife Pramila Devi fell seriously ill in 1939 and was paralysed from the waist down. To provide for his wife's medical treatment, he mortgaged the royalties of his gramophone records and literary works for 400 rupees.<sup id="cite_ref-Kamal_325_94-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kamal_325-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He returned to journalism in 1940 by working as chief editor for the daily newspaper <i><a href="/wiki/Nabajug" title="Nabajug">Nabajug</a></i> ('New Age'), founded by the Bengali politician <a href="/wiki/A._K._Fazlul_Huq" title="A. K. Fazlul Huq">A. K. Fazlul Huq</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Kamal_325_94-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kamal_325-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On hearing about the death of Rabindranath Tagore on 8 August 1941, a shocked Nazrul Islam composed two poems in Tagore's memory. One of the two poems, "Rabihara" (loss of Rabi, or without Rabi), was broadcast on the <a href="/wiki/All_India_Radio" title="All India Radio">All India Radio</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Within months, Nazrul Islam himself fell ill and gradually began losing his power of speech. His behaviour became erratic, he started spending recklessly and fell into financial difficulties. In spite of her own illness, his wife constantly cared for her husband. However, Nazrul Islam's health had seriously deteriorated and he grew increasingly depressed. He received treatment under <a href="/wiki/Homeopathy" title="Homeopathy">homeopathy</a> as well as <a href="/wiki/Ayurveda" title="Ayurveda">Ayurveda</a>, but little progress was achieved before mental dysfunction intensified and he was admitted to a mental asylum in 1942. Spending four months there without making progress, Nazrul Islam and his family began living a quiet life in India. In 1952, he was transferred to a psychiatric hospital in <a href="/wiki/Ranchi" title="Ranchi">Ranchi</a>. Through the efforts of a large group of admirers who called themselves the "Nazrul Treatment Society",<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nazrul Islam and Pramila were sent to London, then to Vienna for treatment.<sup id="cite_ref-Kamal_326_97-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kamal_326-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The examining doctors said he had received poor care, and Dr. <a href="/wiki/Hans_Hoff_(psychiatrist)" title="Hans Hoff (psychiatrist)">Hans Hoff</a>, a leading <a href="/wiki/Neurosurgeon" class="mw-redirect" title="Neurosurgeon">neurosurgeon</a> in Vienna, diagnosed that Nazrul Islam had <a href="/wiki/Pick%27s_disease" class="mw-redirect" title="Pick's disease">Pick's disease</a>. His condition was judged to be incurable, Nazrul Islam returned to Calcutta on 15 December 1953.<sup id="cite_ref-Kamal_326_97-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kamal_326-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 30 June 1962 Pramila died,<sup id="cite_ref-:2_57-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Nazrul Islam remained in intensive medical care. He stopped working due to his deteriorating health.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Despite receiving treatment and attention, Nazrul Islam's physical and mental health did not improve; and Nazrul Islam soon died from his long-standing ailments on 29 August 1976. In accordance with a wish he had expressed in one of his poems, he was <a href="/wiki/Mausoleum_of_Kazi_Nazrul_Islam" title="Mausoleum of Kazi Nazrul Islam">buried beside a mosque on the campus of the University of Dhaka</a>. </p><p>Controversy has been reported around the funeral of Nazrul Islam. Nazrul Islam's sons requested the Bangladesh High Commission in Delhi to arrange for the return of their father's body to India by an aircraft so that he be buried beside their mother's grave as per her last wishes. A space had been reserved for his burial next to her grave in the poets native village, <a href="/wiki/Churulia" title="Churulia">Churulia</a>. When the sons arrived in Dhaka for the last rites, they found that they were completed without their attendance and that the poet had been buried in Dhaka University. Popular demand continues in West Bengal for the poet to be buried back in India.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bangladesh observed two days of national mourning, and the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_India" title="Parliament of India">Parliament of India</a> observed a minute of silence in his honour.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Criticism">Criticism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazi_Nazrul_Islam&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Criticism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to literary critic <a href="/wiki/Serajul_Islam_Choudhury" title="Serajul Islam Choudhury">Serajul Islam Choudhury</a>, Nazrul Islam's poetry is characterised by abundant use of rhetorical devices, which he employed to convey conviction and sensuousness. He often wrote without care for organisation or polish. His works have often been criticised for <a href="/wiki/Egotism" title="Egotism">egotism</a>, but his admirers counter that they carry more a sense of self-confidence than of ego. They cite his ability to defy God, or rather orthodox conceptions of God, yet maintain an inner, humble devotion to Him.<sup id="cite_ref-sedition_54-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sedition-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nazrul Islam's poetry is regarded as rugged but unique in comparison to Tagore's sophisticated style. Nazrul Islam's use of <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a> vocabulary was controversial, but it increased the range of his work.<sup id="cite_ref-sedition_54-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sedition-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazi_Nazrul_Islam&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_things_named_after_Kazi_Nazrul_Islam" title="List of things named after Kazi Nazrul Islam">List of things named after Kazi Nazrul Islam</a></div><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nazrul_Academy_Churulia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Nazrul_Academy_Churulia.jpg/220px-Nazrul_Academy_Churulia.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="391" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Nazrul_Academy_Churulia.jpg/330px-Nazrul_Academy_Churulia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Nazrul_Academy_Churulia.jpg/440px-Nazrul_Academy_Churulia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2340" data-file-height="4160" /></a><figcaption>Nazrul Academy in <a href="/wiki/Churulia" title="Churulia">Churulia</a>, Asansol, <a href="/wiki/West_Bengal" title="West Bengal">West Bengal</a>, India which is also the birthplace of Kazi Nazrul Islam.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kazi_Nazrul_Islam_on_Pakistan_Stamp.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Kazi Nazrul Islam on stamp of Pakistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Kazi_Nazrul_Islam_on_Pakistan_Stamp.jpg/220px-Kazi_Nazrul_Islam_on_Pakistan_Stamp.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Kazi_Nazrul_Islam_on_Pakistan_Stamp.jpg/330px-Kazi_Nazrul_Islam_on_Pakistan_Stamp.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/12/Kazi_Nazrul_Islam_on_Pakistan_Stamp.jpg 2x" data-file-width="371" data-file-height="266" /></a><figcaption>Kazi Nazrul Islam on stamp of Pakistan</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kazi_Nazrul_Islam_1999_stamp_of_India.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Kazi Nazrul Islam on stamp of India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Kazi_Nazrul_Islam_1999_stamp_of_India.jpg/220px-Kazi_Nazrul_Islam_1999_stamp_of_India.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Kazi_Nazrul_Islam_1999_stamp_of_India.jpg/330px-Kazi_Nazrul_Islam_1999_stamp_of_India.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Kazi_Nazrul_Islam_1999_stamp_of_India.jpg/440px-Kazi_Nazrul_Islam_1999_stamp_of_India.jpg 2x" data-file-width="973" data-file-height="660" /></a><figcaption>Kazi Nazrul Islam on stamp of India</figcaption></figure> <p>On 24 May 1972, the newly independent nation of Bangladesh brought Nazrul Islam to live in Dhaka with the consent of the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_India" title="Government of India">Government of India</a>. The government of Bangladesh conferred upon him the status of "<a href="/wiki/National_poet" title="National poet">national poet</a>" in 1972.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In February 1976, during his stay in Bangladesh, he was awarded Bangladeshi citizenship.<sup id="cite_ref-Banglapedia_1-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Banglapedia-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He was awarded an Honorary <a href="/wiki/D.Litt." class="mw-redirect" title="D.Litt.">D.Litt.</a> by the University of Dhaka in 1974 and in 1976 he was awarded the <a href="/wiki/Ekushey_Padak" title="Ekushey Padak">Ekushey Padak</a> by the President of Bangladesh Justice <a href="/wiki/Abu_Sadat_Mohammad_Sayem" title="Abu Sadat Mohammad Sayem">Abu Sadat Muhammad Sayem</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_57-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many centres of learning and culture in Bangladesh and India had been founded and dedicated to his memory. The <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Nazrul_Sena" title="Bangladesh Nazrul Sena">Bangladesh Nazrul Sena</a> is a large public organization working for the education of children throughout the country.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Nazrul Endowment provides funding for research into the life and work of Kazi Nazrul Islam in U.S. Universities like <a href="/wiki/California_State_University,_Northridge" title="California State University, Northridge">California State University, Northridge</a> and <a href="/wiki/Connecticut_State_University_System" title="Connecticut State University System">Connecticut State University</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nazrul was awarded the Jagattarini Gold Medal, the highest honour for work in Bengali literature by the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Calcutta" title="University of Calcutta">University of Calcutta</a>, in 1945 and was awarded the <a href="/wiki/Padma_Bhushan" title="Padma Bhushan">Padma Bhushan</a>, the third-highest civilian award of India, in 1960.<sup id="cite_ref-Kamal_326_97-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kamal_326-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tile_mural,_Nazrul_Square,_DC_Hill_(01).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Tile_mural%2C_Nazrul_Square%2C_DC_Hill_%2801%29.jpg/220px-Tile_mural%2C_Nazrul_Square%2C_DC_Hill_%2801%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Tile_mural%2C_Nazrul_Square%2C_DC_Hill_%2801%29.jpg/330px-Tile_mural%2C_Nazrul_Square%2C_DC_Hill_%2801%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Tile_mural%2C_Nazrul_Square%2C_DC_Hill_%2801%29.jpg/440px-Tile_mural%2C_Nazrul_Square%2C_DC_Hill_%2801%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4600" data-file-height="3059" /></a><figcaption>Nazrul Square in DC Hill Park in <a href="/wiki/Chittagong" title="Chittagong">Chittagong City</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Nazrul Islam's works for children have won acclaim for his use of rich language, imagination, enthusiasm, and an ability to fascinate young readers.<sup id="cite_ref-sedition_54-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sedition-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nazrul is regarded for his secularism.<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His poetry has been translated to several languages including English, Spanish, and Portuguese.<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Uzbek poet <a href="/wiki/Erkin_Vohidov" title="Erkin Vohidov">Erkin Vohidov</a> wrote an <a href="/wiki/Epic_poetry" title="Epic poetry">epic poem</a> about Nazrul Islam entitled <i>Ruhlar isyoni</i> (<i>The Rise of the Spirits</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A major avenue is named after him in Dhaka, Bangladesh.<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Kazi_Nazrul_University" title="Kazi Nazrul University">Kazi Nazrul University</a> in Asansol, West Bengal, India is named after him and <a href="/wiki/Kabi_Nazrul_College" title="Kabi Nazrul College">Kabi Nazrul College</a> In Birbhum, West Bengal.<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Jatiya_Kabi_Kazi_Nazrul_Islam_University" title="Jatiya Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam University">Jatiya Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam University</a> in Mymensingh, Bangladesh is a public university named after him.<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Kabi_Nazrul_Government_College" title="Kabi Nazrul Government College">Kabi Nazrul Government College</a> in Dhaka, Bangladesh is also named after him. There is a cultural institution called Nazrul Academy, which is spread throughout Bangladesh. <a href="/wiki/Kazi_Nazrul_Islam_Airport" title="Kazi Nazrul Islam Airport">Kazi Nazrul Islam Airport</a> in Andal, West Bengal, is India's first private greenfield airport.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A chair has been named after him in University of Calcutta and the Government of West Bengal has opened a <a href="/wiki/Nazrul_Tirtha" title="Nazrul Tirtha">Nazrul Tirtha</a> in <a href="/wiki/Rajarhat" title="Rajarhat">Rajarhat</a>, a cultural centre with library, auditorium and movie theatre dedicated to his memory.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 25 May 2020, Google celebrated his 121st birthday with a <a href="/wiki/Google_Doodle" title="Google Doodle">Google Doodle</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 20 November 2020, a documentary film about Kazi Nazrul Islam was released in Dhaka titled <i><a href="/wiki/Biography_of_Nazrul" title="Biography of Nazrul">Biography of Nazrul</a></i>. There is a metro station named "Kavi Nazrul" on Blue Line of <a href="/wiki/Kolkata_Metro" title="Kolkata Metro">Kolkata Metro</a>. <a href="/wiki/Nazrul_Mancha" title="Nazrul Mancha">Nazrul Mancha</a> is a auditorium of kolkata. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazi_Nazrul_Islam&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_works_of_Kazi_Nazrul_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="List of works of Kazi Nazrul Islam">List of works of Kazi Nazrul Islam</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazi_Nazrul_Islam&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazi_Nazrul_Islam&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Birth name Ashalata Sengupta.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">11 Jaistha 1306 Bengali Year.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazi_Nazrul_Islam&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Banglapedia-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Banglapedia_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Banglapedia_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Banglapedia_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Banglapedia_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Banglapedia_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Banglapedia_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Banglapedia_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Banglapedia_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Banglapedia_1-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Banglapedia_1-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Banglapedia_1-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Banglapedia_1-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Banglapedia_1-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Banglapedia_1-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Banglapedia_1-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Banglapedia_1-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Banglapedia_1-16"><sup><i><b>q</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFRafiqul_Islam2012" class="citation book cs1">Rafiqul Islam (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Islam,_Kazi_Nazrul">"Kazi Nazrul Islam"</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Sirajul_Islam" title="Sirajul Islam">Sirajul Islam</a>; Jamal, Ahmed A. (eds.). <i>Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh</i> (Second ed.). <a href="/wiki/Asiatic_Society_of_Bangladesh" title="Asiatic Society of Bangladesh">Asiatic Society of Bangladesh</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-984-32-0576-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-984-32-0576-6"><bdi>978-984-32-0576-6</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 March</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Kazi+Nazrul+Islam&rft.btitle=Banglapedia%3A+National+Encyclopedia+of+Bangladesh&rft.edition=Second&rft.pub=Asiatic+Society+of+Bangladesh&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-984-32-0576-6&rft.au=Rafiqul+Islam&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.banglapedia.org%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DIslam%2C_Kazi_Nazrul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKazi+Nazrul+Islam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nazrul1-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nazrul1_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nazrul1_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChakravarty1968" class="citation book cs1">Chakravarty, Basudha (1968). <i>Kazi Nazrul Islam</i>. National Biography Series. <a href="/wiki/New_Delhi" title="New Delhi">New Delhi</a>: <a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Book_Trust,_India&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Book Trust, India (page does not exist)">National Book Trust, India</a>. p. 1. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/837539518">837539518</a>. <q>Kazi Nazrul Islam was born on Jaistha 11 of the Bengali year 1306, corresponding to May 24, 1899 at village Churulia in Burdwan district of what is now West Bengal.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kazi+Nazrul+Islam&rft.place=New+Delhi&rft.series=National+Biography+Series&rft.pages=1&rft.pub=National+Book+Trust%2C+India&rft.date=1968&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F837539518&rft.aulast=Chakravarty&rft.aufirst=Basudha&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKazi+Nazrul+Islam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTalukdar1994" class="citation book cs1">Talukdar, Rezaul (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=v49jAAAAMAAJ&q=121"><i>Nazrul, The Gift of The Century</i></a>. Manan. p. 121. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9848156001" title="Special:BookSources/978-9848156001"><bdi>978-9848156001</bdi></a>. <q>On February 18, 1976 Nazrul was awarded the citizenship of Bangladesh.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nazrul%2C+The+Gift+of+The+Century&rft.pages=121&rft.pub=Manan&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-9848156001&rft.aulast=Talukdar&rft.aufirst=Rezaul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dv49jAAAAMAAJ%26q%3D121&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKazi+Nazrul+Islam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBanerjee2021" class="citation book cs1">Banerjee, Prathama (4 January 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=y6EREAAAQBAJ&pg=PT79"><i>Elementary Aspects of the Political: Histories from the Global South</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Duke_University_Press" title="Duke University Press">Duke University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4780-1244-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4780-1244-3"><bdi>978-1-4780-1244-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Elementary+Aspects+of+the+Political%3A+Histories+from+the+Global+South&rft.pub=Duke+University+Press&rft.date=2021-01-04&rft.isbn=978-1-4780-1244-3&rft.aulast=Banerjee&rft.aufirst=Prathama&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dy6EREAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT79&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKazi+Nazrul+Islam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBairathi1987" class="citation book cs1">Bairathi, Shashi (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=m5Zb04Eh1gkC&pg=PA48"><i>Communism and Nationalism in India: A Study in Inter-relationship, 1919–1947</i></a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anamika_Prakashan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anamika Prakashan (page does not exist)">Anamika Prakashan</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-85150-00-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-85150-00-0"><bdi>978-81-85150-00-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Communism+and+Nationalism+in+India%3A+A+Study+in+Inter-relationship%2C+1919%E2%80%931947&rft.pub=Anamika+Prakashan&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=978-81-85150-00-0&rft.aulast=Bairathi&rft.aufirst=Shashi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dm5Zb04Eh1gkC%26pg%3DPA48&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKazi+Nazrul+Islam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMurshid2018" class="citation book cs1">Murshid, Ghulam (25 January 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9o4SEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT174"><i>Bengali Culture Over a Thousand Years</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Niyogi_Books" title="Niyogi Books">Niyogi Books</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-93-86906-12-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-93-86906-12-0"><bdi>978-93-86906-12-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bengali+Culture+Over+a+Thousand+Years&rft.pub=Niyogi+Books&rft.date=2018-01-25&rft.isbn=978-93-86906-12-0&rft.aulast=Murshid&rft.aufirst=Ghulam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9o4SEAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT174&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKazi+Nazrul+Islam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1A-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:1A_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHuq2012" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Huq, Muhammad Lutful (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Bangali_Paltan">"Bangali Paltan"</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Sirajul_Islam" title="Sirajul Islam">Sirajul Islam</a>; Miah, Sajahan; <a href="/wiki/Mahfuza_Khanam" title="Mahfuza Khanam">Khanam, Mahfuza</a>; Ahmed, Sabbir (eds.). <i><a href="/wiki/Banglapedia" title="Banglapedia">Banglapedia: the National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh</a></i> (Online ed.). Dhaka, Bangladesh: Banglapedia Trust, <a href="/wiki/Asiatic_Society_of_Bangladesh" title="Asiatic Society of Bangladesh">Asiatic Society of Bangladesh</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/984-32-0576-6" title="Special:BookSources/984-32-0576-6"><bdi>984-32-0576-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/52727562">52727562</a>. <a href="/wiki/OL_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OL (identifier)">OL</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/books/OL30677644M">30677644M</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 November</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Bangali+Paltan&rft.btitle=Banglapedia%3A+the+National+Encyclopedia+of+Bangladesh&rft.place=Dhaka%2C+Bangladesh&rft.edition=Online&rft.pub=Banglapedia+Trust%2C+Asiatic+Society+of+Bangladesh&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F52727562&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenlibrary.org%2Fbooks%2FOL30677644M%23id-name%3DOL&rft.isbn=984-32-0576-6&rft.aulast=Huq&rft.aufirst=Muhammad+Lutful&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.banglapedia.org%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DBangali_Paltan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKazi+Nazrul+Islam" class="Z3988"></span> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLangley2007" class="citation book cs1">Langley, Winston (2007). <i>Kazi Nazrul Islam: The Voice of Poetry and the Struggle for Human Wholeness</i>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Minnesota" title="University of Minnesota">University of Minnesota</a>. p. 5.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kazi+Nazrul+Islam%3A+The+Voice+of+Poetry+and+the+Struggle+for+Human+Wholeness&rft.pages=5&rft.pub=University+of+Minnesota&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Langley&rft.aufirst=Winston&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKazi+Nazrul+Islam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHemal2015" class="citation magazine cs1">Hemal, Mahmudul (28 May 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170418191030/http://www.dhakacourier.com.bd/nazruls-humanist-vision/">"Nazrul's humanist vision"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Dhaka_Courier" title="Dhaka Courier">Dhaka Courier</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dhakacourier.com.bd/nazruls-humanist-vision/">the original</a> on 18 April 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Dhaka+Courier&rft.atitle=Nazrul%27s+humanist+vision&rft.date=2015-05-28&rft.aulast=Hemal&rft.aufirst=Mahmudul&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dhakacourier.com.bd%2Fnazruls-humanist-vision%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKazi+Nazrul+Islam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMitra1993" class="citation journal cs1">Mitra, Priti K. (1 May 1993). "The Rebel Poet and the Mahatma: Kazi Nazrul Islam's Critique of Gandhi's Politics in the 1920s". <i>South Asia Research</i>. <b>13</b> (1): 46–55. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F026272809301300103">10.1177/026272809301300103</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0262-7280">0262-7280</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144847702">144847702</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=South+Asia+Research&rft.atitle=The+Rebel+Poet+and+the+Mahatma%3A+Kazi+Nazrul+Islam%27s+Critique+of+Gandhi%27s+Politics+in+the+1920s&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=46-55&rft.date=1993-05-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A144847702%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0262-7280&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F026272809301300103&rft.aulast=Mitra&rft.aufirst=Priti+K.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKazi+Nazrul+Islam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmo-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pmo_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSheik_Hasina" class="citation web cs1">Sheik Hasina. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pmo.portal.gov.bd/sites/default/files/files/pmo.portal.gov.bd/pm_speech/800b9859_57b3_46b8_8bfd_e34f45c8e249/India.pdf">"India-Bangladesh Joint Celebration, 113th birth anniversary of Poet Kazi Nazrul Islam and 90th year of his poem 'Rebel'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Prime_Minister%27s_Office,_Government_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_Bangladesh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prime Minister's Office, Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh (page does not exist)">Prime Minister's Office, Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 December</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=India-Bangladesh+Joint+Celebration%2C+113th+birth+anniversary+of+Poet+Kazi+Nazrul+Islam+and+90th+year+of+his+poem+%27Rebel%27&rft.pub=Prime+Minister%27s+Office%2C+Government+of+the+People%27s+Republic+of+Bangladesh&rft.au=Sheik+Hasina&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpmo.portal.gov.bd%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Ffiles%2Fpmo.portal.gov.bd%2Fpm_speech%2F800b9859_57b3_46b8_8bfd_e34f45c8e249%2FIndia.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKazi+Nazrul+Islam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChakraborti2015" class="citation news cs1">Chakraborti, Suman (26 May 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/West-Bengal-government-celebrates-Kazi-Nazrul-Islams-birth-anniversary/articleshow/47431715.cms">"West Bengal government celebrates Kazi Nazrul Islam's birth anniversary"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_India" title="The Times of India">The Times of India</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170419232039/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/West-Bengal-government-celebrates-Kazi-Nazrul-Islams-birth-anniversary/articleshow/47431715.cms">Archived</a> from the original on 19 April 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 April</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=West+Bengal+government+celebrates+Kazi+Nazrul+Islam%27s+birth+anniversary&rft.date=2015-05-26&rft.aulast=Chakraborti&rft.aufirst=Suman&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Fcity%2Fkolkata%2FWest-Bengal-government-celebrates-Kazi-Nazrul-Islams-birth-anniversary%2Farticleshow%2F47431715.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKazi+Nazrul+Islam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sentinelassam.com/news/nazrul-jayanti-celebrated-across-silchar/">"Nazrul Jayanti celebrated across Silchar"</a>. <i>The Sentinel</i>. 27 May 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 June</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Sentinel&rft.atitle=Nazrul+Jayanti+celebrated+across+Silchar&rft.date=2018-05-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sentinelassam.com%2Fnews%2Fnazrul-jayanti-celebrated-across-silchar%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKazi+Nazrul+Islam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMenon2017" class="citation news cs1">Menon, Anoop (26 April 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.india.com/travel/articles/list-of-public-holidays-in-may-2017-to-plan-out-your-vacations/">"List of public holidays in May 2017 to plan out your vacations"</a>. <i>Travel India</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180628182747/http://www.india.com/travel/articles/list-of-public-holidays-in-may-2017-to-plan-out-your-vacations/">Archived</a> from the original on 28 June 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 June</span> 2018</span>. <q>Tripura will be celebrating Nazrul Jayanti on 26 May</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Travel+India&rft.atitle=List+of+public+holidays+in+May+2017+to+plan+out+your+vacations&rft.date=2017-04-26&rft.aulast=Menon&rft.aufirst=Anoop&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.india.com%2Ftravel%2Farticles%2Flist-of-public-holidays-in-may-2017-to-plan-out-your-vacations%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKazi+Nazrul+Islam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBhattacharya1977" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Bhattacharya, Ashutosh (1977). <i><span></span></i>Bangiya Lok-Sangeet Ratnakar, Vol. 4 (An Encyclopaedia of Bengali Folk-song)<i><span></span></i> (in Bengali). Calcutta: A. Mukherjee & Co. Pvt. Ltd. p. 1802. <q><i>পশ্চিম বাংলার এক শ্রেণীর জনপ্রিয় লোক-সঙ্গীত লেটো গান, ইহাকে লাটু গান, লোট্যার গানও বলে৷</i></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bangiya+Lok-Sangeet+Ratnakar%2C+Vol.+4+%28An+Encyclopaedia+of+Bengali+Folk-song%29&rft.place=Calcutta&rft.pages=1802&rft.pub=A.+Mukherjee+%26+Co.+Pvt.+Ltd.&rft.date=1977&rft.aulast=Bhattacharya&rft.aufirst=Ashutosh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKazi+Nazrul+Islam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlam2005" class="citation book cs1">Alam, Abu Yusuf (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EYRuAAAAMAAJ&q=kazi+nazrul+islam+Bhangar+Gaan"><i>Muslims and Bengal Politics (1912–24)</i></a>. Raktakarabee. p. 256.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Muslims+and+Bengal+Politics+%281912%E2%80%9324%29&rft.pages=256&rft.pub=Raktakarabee&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Alam&rft.aufirst=Abu+Yusuf&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEYRuAAAAMAAJ%26q%3Dkazi%2Bnazrul%2Bislam%2BBhangar%2BGaan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKazi+Nazrul+Islam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHāldār1973" class="citation book cs1">Hāldār, Gopāl (1973). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ngWdRBPXjkAC&q=kazi+nazrul+islam+Rajbandir+Jabanbandi"><i>Kazi Nazrul Islam</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Sahitya_Akademi" title="Sahitya Akademi">Sahitya Akademi</a>. p. 41.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kazi+Nazrul+Islam&rft.pages=41&rft.pub=Sahitya+Akademi&rft.date=1973&rft.aulast=H%C4%81ld%C4%81r&rft.aufirst=Gop%C4%81l&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DngWdRBPXjkAC%26q%3Dkazi%2Bnazrul%2Bislam%2BRajbandir%2BJabanbandi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKazi+Nazrul+Islam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKazi2017" class="citation news cs1">Kazi, Ankan (14 June 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/diminishing-a-poet-kazi-nazrul-islam-4702739/">"Diminishing A Poet"</a>. <i>The Indian Express</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 June</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Indian+Express&rft.atitle=Diminishing+A+Poet&rft.date=2017-06-14&rft.aulast=Kazi&rft.aufirst=Ankan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Findianexpress.com%2Farticle%2Fopinion%2Fcolumns%2Fdiminishing-a-poet-kazi-nazrul-islam-4702739%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKazi+Nazrul+Islam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHussain2012" class="citation web cs1">Hussain, Azfar (3 April 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bf9nvzmIVvY">"Rereading Kazi Nazrul Islam"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(Video lecture)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 July</span> 2016</span> – via YouTube.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rereading+Kazi+Nazrul+Islam&rft.date=2012-04-03&rft.aulast=Hussain&rft.aufirst=Azfar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3Dbf9nvzmIVvY&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKazi+Nazrul+Islam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAli2014" class="citation news cs1">Ali, Sarwat (21 September 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tns.thenews.com.pk/firoza-begum-a-taste-of-bengal/">"A taste of Bengal"</a>. <i>The News International</i>. The News on Sunday. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180628184010/http://tns.thenews.com.pk/firoza-begum-a-taste-of-bengal/">Archived</a> from the original on 28 June 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 June</span> 2018</span>. <q>Firoza Begum too sang these Bengali ghazals of Nazrul Islam</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+News+International&rft.atitle=A+taste+of+Bengal&rft.date=2014-09-21&rft.aulast=Ali&rft.aufirst=Sarwat&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftns.thenews.com.pk%2Ffiroza-begum-a-taste-of-bengal%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKazi+Nazrul+Islam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:4_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShafiqul_Islam2007" class="citation news cs1">Shafiqul Islam, Mohammad (25 May 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.thedailystar.net/2007/05/25/d70525140299.htm">"Nazrul: An ardent lover of humanity"</a>. <i>The Daily Star</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180204123949/http://archive.thedailystar.net/2007/05/25/d70525140299.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 4 February 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 June</span> 2018</span>. <q>He is best known for his songs, in which he pioneered new forms such as Bengali ghazals</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Star&rft.atitle=Nazrul%3A+An+ardent+lover+of+humanity&rft.date=2007-05-25&rft.aulast=Shafiqul+Islam&rft.aufirst=Mohammad&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.thedailystar.net%2F2007%2F05%2F25%2Fd70525140299.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKazi+Nazrul+Islam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFeature_article2016" class="citation news cs1">Feature article (15 September 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/Remembering-the-rebel-poet/article14639464.ece">"Remembering the rebel poet"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hindu" title="The Hindu">The Hindu</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=Remembering+the+rebel+poet&rft.date=2016-09-15&rft.au=Feature+article&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Ffeatures%2Ffriday-review%2FRemembering-the-rebel-poet%2Farticle14639464.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKazi+Nazrul+Islam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShams2018" class="citation news cs1">Shams, Ahmed Tahsin (24 May 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180528064030/http://www.thebangladeshpost.com/national/29149">"The rebel icon of Bengal: Kazi Nazrul Islam"</a>. <i>The Bangladesh Post</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thebangladeshpost.com/national/29149">the original</a> on 28 May 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Bangladesh+Post&rft.atitle=The+rebel+icon+of+Bengal%3A+Kazi+Nazrul+Islam&rft.date=2018-05-24&rft.aulast=Shams&rft.aufirst=Ahmed+Tahsin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebangladeshpost.com%2Fnational%2F29149&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKazi+Nazrul+Islam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRashidNur2017" class="citation journal cs1">Rashid, Md Mumit Al; Nur, Tanjina Binte (24 November 2017). "Persian Words Used in Kazi Nazrul Islam's Poetry". <i>Language Art</i>. <b>2</b> (4): 117–128. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.22046%2FLA.2017.23">10.22046/LA.2017.23</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2538-2713">2538-2713</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Language+Art&rft.atitle=Persian+Words+Used+in+Kazi+Nazrul+Islam%27s+Poetry&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=117-128&rft.date=2017-11-24&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.22046%2FLA.2017.23&rft.issn=2538-2713&rft.aulast=Rashid&rft.aufirst=Md+Mumit+Al&rft.au=Nur%2C+Tanjina+Binte&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKazi+Nazrul+Islam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAhmed2018" class="citation news cs1">Ahmed, Dr. Forqan Uddin (27 August 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211003061435/http://www.thedailynewnation.com/news/186431/kazi-nazrul-islam--classic-and-romantic">"Kazi Nazrul Islam : Classic and romantic"</a>. <i>The New Nation</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thedailynewnation.com/news/186431/kazi-nazrul-islam--classic-and-romantic">the original</a> on 3 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Nation&rft.atitle=Kazi+Nazrul+Islam+%3A+Classic+and+romantic&rft.date=2018-08-27&rft.aulast=Ahmed&rft.aufirst=Dr.+Forqan+Uddin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thedailynewnation.com%2Fnews%2F186431%2Fkazi-nazrul-islam--classic-and-romantic&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKazi+Nazrul+Islam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHossain2000" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Qazi_Motahar_Hossain" title="Qazi Motahar Hossain">Hossain, Quazi Motahar</a> (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MtpVAAAACAAJ">"Nazrul Islam, the Singer and Writer of Songs"</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Nurul_Huda" title="Mohammad Nurul Huda">Mohammad Nurul Huda</a> (ed.). <i>Nazrul: An Evaluation</i>. Dhaka: Nazrul Institute. p. 55. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-984-555-167-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-984-555-167-0"><bdi>978-984-555-167-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Nazrul+Islam%2C+the+Singer+and+Writer+of+Songs&rft.btitle=Nazrul%3A+An+Evaluation&rft.place=Dhaka&rft.pages=55&rft.pub=Nazrul+Institute&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-984-555-167-0&rft.aulast=Hossain&rft.aufirst=Quazi+Motahar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMtpVAAAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKazi+Nazrul+Islam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFarooq" class="citation web cs1">Farooq, Mohammad Omar. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150529083323/http://www.nazrul.org/nazrul_life/illness.htm">"Kazi Nazrul Islam: Illness and Treatment"</a>. <i>nazrul.org</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nazrul.org/nazrul_life/illness.htm">the original</a> on 29 May 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 March</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nazrul.org&rft.atitle=Kazi+Nazrul+Islam%3A+Illness+and+Treatment&rft.aulast=Farooq&rft.aufirst=Mohammad+Omar&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nazrul.org%2Fnazrul_life%2Fillness.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKazi+Nazrul+Islam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://en.banglapedia.org/index.php/Islam,_Kazi_Nazrul">https://en.banglapedia.org/index.php/Islam,_Kazi_Nazrul</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTalukdar1994" class="citation book cs1">Talukdar, Rezaul (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=v49jAAAAMAAJ&q=121"><i>Nazrul, The Gift of The Century</i></a>. Manan. p. 121. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9848156001" title="Special:BookSources/978-9848156001"><bdi>978-9848156001</bdi></a>. <q>On February 18, 1976 Nazrul was awarded the citizenship of Bangladesh.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nazrul%2C+The+Gift+of+The+Century&rft.pages=121&rft.pub=Manan&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-9848156001&rft.aulast=Talukdar&rft.aufirst=Rezaul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dv49jAAAAMAAJ%26q%3D121&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKazi+Nazrul+Islam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-instibio-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-instibio_32-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-instibio_32-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-instibio_32-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080424053441/http://www.nazrulinstitute.org.bd/bio_graphy_e.html">"Kazi Nazrul Islam: A Chronology of life"</a>. Nazrul Institute, Ministry of Cultural Affairs, Government of Bangladesh. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nazrulinstitute.org.bd/bio_graphy_e.html">the original</a> on 24 April 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 April</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kazi+Nazrul+Islam%3A+A+Chronology+of+life&rft.pub=Nazrul+Institute%2C+Ministry+of+Cultural+Affairs%2C+Government+of+Bangladesh&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nazrulinstitute.org.bd%2Fbio_graphy_e.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKazi+Nazrul+Islam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303154148/http://aninews.in/newsdetail2/story218001/tripura-celebrates-116th-birth-anniversary-of-kazi-nazrul-islam.html">"Tripura celebrates 116th birth anniversary of Kazi Nazrul Islam"</a>. <i>ANI News</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aninews.in/newsdetail2/story218001/tripura-celebrates-116th-birth-anniversary-of-kazi-nazrul-islam.html">the original</a> on 3 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ANI+News&rft.atitle=Tripura+celebrates+116th+birth+anniversary+of+Kazi+Nazrul+Islam&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Faninews.in%2Fnewsdetail2%2Fstory218001%2Ftripura-celebrates-116th-birth-anniversary-of-kazi-nazrul-islam.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKazi+Nazrul+Islam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://learn.culturalindia.net/kazi-nazrul-islam.html">"Kazi Nazrul Islam Biography – Childhood, Life History, Achievements & Death"</a>. <i>Cultural India</i>. 6 August 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 September</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nazrul+Islam%3A+The+unparalleled+lyricist+and+composer+of+Bengal&rft.pub=Press+Information+Bureau%2C+Government+of+India&rft.date=2006-09-22&rft.aulast=Chaudhuri&rft.aufirst=Dilip&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpib.nic.in%2Ffeature%2Ffe0899%2Ff1608991.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKazi+Nazrul+Islam" class="Z3988"></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nazrul.com.bd/nazrul/works_on_nazrul/articles/chaudhuri_lyricist.htm">Alt URL</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180628183857/http://nazrul.com.bd/nazrul/works_on_nazrul/articles/chaudhuri_lyricist.htm">Archived</a> 28 June 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newagebd.net/article/42030/nazruls-birth-anniv-today">"Nazrul's birth anniv today"</a>. <i>New Age</i>. 25 May 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 July</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rebel&rft.aulast=Kabir&rft.aufirst=Choudhary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nazrul.org%2Fnazrul_works%2Fpoems_lyrics%2Fkabir_rebel.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKazi+Nazrul+Islam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_45-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_45-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thedailystar.net/backpage/nazruls-death-anniversary-today-133309">"Nazrul's death anniversary today"</a>. <i>The Daily Star</i>. 27 August 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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"Story of a Rebel Poet". <i>Economic and Political Weekly</i> (Book Review). <b>43</b> (26/27): 84–85. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0012-9976">0012-9976</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/40278906">40278906</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Economic+and+Political+Weekly&rft.atitle=Story+of+a+Rebel+Poet&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=26%2F27&rft.pages=84-85&rft.date=2008&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F40278906%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.issn=0012-9976&rft.aulast=Nag&rft.aufirst=Sajal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKazi+Nazrul+Islam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNurul_Huda2001" class="citation book cs1">Nurul Huda, Muhammad (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Co9jAAAAMAAJ&q=In+1921,+Nazrul+was+engaged+to+be+married+to+Nargis"><i>Nazrul's Aesthetics and Other Aspects</i></a>. Bangladesh: Nazrul Institute. p. 124<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 March</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nazrul%27s+Aesthetics+and+Other+Aspects&rft.place=Bangladesh&rft.pages=124&rft.pub=Nazrul+Institute&rft.date=2001&rft.aulast=Nurul+Huda&rft.aufirst=Muhammad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCo9jAAAAMAAJ%26q%3DIn%2B1921%2C%2BNazrul%2Bwas%2Bengaged%2Bto%2Bbe%2Bmarried%2Bto%2BNargis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKazi+Nazrul+Islam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMuzaffar_Ahmad1998" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Muzaffar_Ahmed_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Muzaffar Ahmed (politician)">Muzaffar Ahmad</a> (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.456382"><i>Kazi Nazrul Islam Smritikatha</i></a>. Kolkata, India: National Book Agency. pp. 66–67.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kazi+Nazrul+Islam+Smritikatha&rft.place=Kolkata%2C+India&rft.pages=66-67&rft.pub=National+Book+Agency&rft.date=1998&rft.au=Muzaffar+Ahmad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fin.ernet.dli.2015.456382&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKazi+Nazrul+Islam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBose2009" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Sugata_Bose" title="Sugata Bose">Bose, Sugata</a> (2009). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/hundredhorizons00suga"><i>A Hundred Horizons: The Indian Ocean in the Age of Global Empire</i></a></span>. Harvard University Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/hundredhorizons00suga/page/299">299</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-02157-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-02157-0"><bdi>978-0-674-02157-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Hundred+Horizons%3A+The+Indian+Ocean+in+the+Age+of+Global+Empire&rft.pages=299&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-674-02157-0&rft.aulast=Bose&rft.aufirst=Sugata&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhundredhorizons00suga&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKazi+Nazrul+Islam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTalukdarNazrul_Islam1994" class="citation book cs1">Talukdar, Rezaul Karim; Nazrul Islam, Kazi (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=v49jAAAAMAAJ&q=Jugbani+kazi+nazrul+islam"><i>Nazrul, the gift of the century</i></a>. Manan. pp. 47–48. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789848156001" title="Special:BookSources/9789848156001"><bdi>9789848156001</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nazrul%2C+the+gift+of+the+century&rft.pages=47-48&rft.pub=Manan&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=9789848156001&rft.aulast=Talukdar&rft.aufirst=Rezaul+Karim&rft.au=Nazrul+Islam%2C+Kazi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dv49jAAAAMAAJ%26q%3DJugbani%2Bkazi%2Bnazrul%2Bislam&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKazi+Nazrul+Islam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRajesh" class="citation book cs1">Rajesh, K. Guru. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=c_dLCgAAQBAJ"><i>Sarfarosh: A Naadi Exposition of the Lives of Indian Revolutionaries</i></a>. Notion Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789352061730" title="Special:BookSources/9789352061730"><bdi>9789352061730</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 March</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sarfarosh%3A+A+Naadi+Exposition+of+the+Lives+of+Indian+Revolutionaries&rft.pub=Notion+Press&rft.isbn=9789352061730&rft.aulast=Rajesh&rft.aufirst=K.+Guru&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dc_dLCgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKazi+Nazrul+Islam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:5-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:5_53-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_53-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNawaz2015" class="citation web cs1">Nawaz, Ali (20 January 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Dhumketu">"Dhumketu"</a>. <i>Banglapedia</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180704005557/http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Dhumketu">Archived</a> from the original on 4 July 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Banglapedia&rft.atitle=Dhumketu&rft.date=2015-01-20&rft.aulast=Nawaz&rft.aufirst=Ali&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.banglapedia.org%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DDhumketu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKazi+Nazrul+Islam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sedition-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sedition_54-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sedition_54-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sedition_54-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sedition_54-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sedition_54-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChoudhury2006" class="citation news cs1">Choudhury, Serajul Islam (1 June 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100719063851/http://www.newagebd.com/2006/may/26/may26/xtra_also1.html">"The Blazing Comet"</a>. <i>New Age</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newagebd.com/2006/may/26/may26/xtra_also1.html">the original</a> on 19 July 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 September</span> 2006</span>. <q>Nazrul Islam did what no other Muslim poet in modern Bengal had dared to do. He created images and symbols out of the well-known heroes from Muslim history. Thus Tariq and Qasim, Ali and Omar, Hasan and Hussain and even the Prophet himself figure in his poetry as historical beings. He also transformed men like Kamal Pasha and Anwar Pasha into symbols. The method is somewhat similar to the one Yeats employed in his poetry.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Age&rft.atitle=The+Blazing+Comet&rft.date=2006-06-01&rft.aulast=Choudhury&rft.aufirst=Serajul+Islam&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newagebd.com%2F2006%2Fmay%2F26%2Fmay26%2Fxtra_also1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKazi+Nazrul+Islam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thedailystar.net/arts-entertainment/its-true/kazi-nazrul-islam-86731">"Kazi Nazrul Islam"</a>. <i>The Daily Star</i>. 25 May 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170530212014/https://www.thedailystar.net/arts-entertainment/its-true/kazi-nazrul-islam-86731">Archived</a> from the original on 30 May 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Star&rft.atitle=Kazi+Nazrul+Islam&rft.date=2015-05-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thedailystar.net%2Farts-entertainment%2Fits-true%2Fkazi-nazrul-islam-86731&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKazi+Nazrul+Islam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF(Bangladesh)1995" class="citation book cs1">(Bangladesh), Bāṃlā Ekāḍemī (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=33xjAAAAMAAJ&q=Bisher+Banshi"><i>Bangla Academy Journal</i></a>. Bangla Academy. p. 41.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bangla+Academy+Journal&rft.pages=41&rft.pub=Bangla+Academy.&rft.date=1995&rft.aulast=%28Bangladesh%29&rft.aufirst=B%C4%81%E1%B9%83l%C4%81+Ek%C4%81%E1%B8%8Dem%C4%AB&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D33xjAAAAMAAJ%26q%3DBisher%2BBanshi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKazi+Nazrul+Islam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_57-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_57-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_57-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_57-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_57-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChandan2013" class="citation news cs1">Chandan, Shahnawaz (30 August 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thedailystar.net/news/the-life-of-a-rebel">"The Life of a Rebel"</a>. <i>The Daily Star</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171203200301/http://www.thedailystar.net/news/the-life-of-a-rebel">Archived</a> from the original on 3 December 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 March</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Star&rft.atitle=The+Life+of+a+Rebel&rft.date=2013-08-30&rft.aulast=Chandan&rft.aufirst=Shahnawaz&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thedailystar.net%2Fnews%2Fthe-life-of-a-rebel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKazi+Nazrul+Islam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChaman1977" class="citation journal cs1">Chaman (1977). "The Voice of Nazr-ul-Islam". <i>Indian Literature</i>. <b>20</b> (4): 109–118. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0019-5804">0019-5804</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/24158699">24158699</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Indian+Literature&rft.atitle=The+Voice+of+Nazr-ul-Islam&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=109-118&rft.date=1977&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F24158699%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.issn=0019-5804&rft.au=Chaman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKazi+Nazrul+Islam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSen2001" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Manikuntala_Sen" title="Manikuntala Sen">Sen, Manikuntala</a> (2001). <i>In search of freedom: an unfinished journey</i>. Stree. p. 17. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-85604-25-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-85604-25-1"><bdi>978-81-85604-25-1</bdi></a>. <q>Learning by heart the poems of his <i>Agnibina</i> and <i>Bisher Banshi</i>, we hid the books in our breasts and passed them secretly to friends. As far as I remember, <i>Bisher Banshi</i> was banned.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=In+search+of+freedom%3A+an+unfinished+journey&rft.pages=17&rft.pub=Stree&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-81-85604-25-1&rft.aulast=Sen&rft.aufirst=Manikuntala&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKazi+Nazrul+Islam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRushd2000" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Abu_Rushd" title="Abu Rushd">Rushd, Abu</a> (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MtpVAAAACAAJ">"Nazrul Islam's 'The Rebel'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. In Mohammad Nurul Huda (ed.). <i>Nazrul: An Evaluation</i>. Dhaka: Nazrul Institute. p. 100. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-984-555-167-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-984-555-167-0"><bdi>978-984-555-167-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Nazrul+Islam%27s+%27The+Rebel%27&rft.btitle=Nazrul%3A+An+Evaluation&rft.place=Dhaka&rft.pages=100&rft.pub=Nazrul+Institute&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-984-555-167-0&rft.aulast=Rushd&rft.aufirst=Abu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMtpVAAAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKazi+Nazrul+Islam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChowdhury2000" class="citation book cs1">Chowdhury, Serajul Islam (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MtpVAAAACAAJ">"The Blazing Comet"</a>. In Mohammad Nurul Huda (ed.). <i>Nazrul: An Evaluation</i>. Dhaka: Nazrul Institute. p. 141. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-984-555-167-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-984-555-167-0"><bdi>978-984-555-167-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Blazing+Comet&rft.btitle=Nazrul%3A+An+Evaluation&rft.place=Dhaka&rft.pages=141&rft.pub=Nazrul+Institute&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-984-555-167-0&rft.aulast=Chowdhury&rft.aufirst=Serajul+Islam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMtpVAAAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKazi+Nazrul+Islam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRafiqul_Islam2000" class="citation book cs1">Rafiqul Islam (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MtpVAAAACAAJ">"Nazrul"</a>. In Mohammad Nurul Huda (ed.). <i>Nazrul: An Evaluation</i>. 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"Islam and Bengali Nationalism". <i>Asian Survey</i>. <b>25</b> (8): 834–851. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2644113">10.2307/2644113</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0004-4687">0004-4687</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2644113">2644113</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Asian+Survey&rft.atitle=Islam+and+Bengali+Nationalism&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=8&rft.pages=834-851&rft.date=1985&rft.issn=0004-4687&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2644113%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2644113&rft.aulast=Khan&rft.aufirst=Zillur+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKazi+Nazrul+Islam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKamal2015" class="citation news cs1">Kamal, Nashid (11 July 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thedailystar.net/showbiz/lifes-lyrics/nazrul-islams-islamic-songs-110560">"Nazrul Islam's Islamic songs"</a>. <i>The Daily Star</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Star&rft.atitle=Nazrul+Islam%27s+Islamic+songs&rft.date=2015-07-11&rft.aulast=Kamal&rft.aufirst=Nashid&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thedailystar.net%2Fshowbiz%2Flifes-lyrics%2Fnazrul-islams-islamic-songs-110560&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKazi+Nazrul+Islam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:6-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:6_66-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRafiqul_Islam2000" class="citation book cs1">Rafiqul Islam (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MtpVAAAACAAJ">"Nazrul"</a>. In Mohammad Nurul Huda (ed.). <i>Nazrul: An Evaluation</i>. Dhaka: Nazrul Institute. p. 115. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-984-555-167-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-984-555-167-0"><bdi>978-984-555-167-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Nazrul&rft.btitle=Nazrul%3A+An+Evaluation&rft.place=Dhaka&rft.pages=115&rft.pub=Nazrul+Institute&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-984-555-167-0&rft.au=Rafiqul+Islam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMtpVAAAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKazi+Nazrul+Islam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHossen2018" class="citation news cs1">Hossen, Iftikhar (25 May 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.observerbd.com/details.php?id=139463">"Spreading the passion and enthusiasm of Kazi Nazrul Islam"</a>. <i>The Daily Observer</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Observer&rft.atitle=Spreading+the+passion+and+enthusiasm+of+Kazi+Nazrul+Islam&rft.date=2018-05-25&rft.aulast=Hossen&rft.aufirst=Iftikhar&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.observerbd.com%2Fdetails.php%3Fid%3D139463&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKazi+Nazrul+Islam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFField2017" class="citation book cs1">Field, Garrett (22 March 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dli.doa.211"><i>Modernizing Composition: Sinhala Song, Poetry, and Politics in Twentieth-Century Sri Lanka</i></a>. Univ of California Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dli.doa.211/page/n115">101</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780520294714" title="Special:BookSources/9780520294714"><bdi>9780520294714</bdi></a>. <q>kazi nazrul islam radio.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Modernizing+Composition%3A+Sinhala+Song%2C+Poetry%2C+and+Politics+in+Twentieth-Century+Sri+Lanka&rft.pages=101&rft.pub=Univ+of+California+Press&rft.date=2017-03-22&rft.isbn=9780520294714&rft.aulast=Field&rft.aufirst=Garrett&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdli.doa.211&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKazi+Nazrul+Islam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SK-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SK_69-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Daily Star. 24 May 2003</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Amin_1996_106-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Amin_1996_106_70-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmin1996" class="citation book cs1">Amin, Sonia Nishat (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VcAfpv6x0m4C"><i>The World of Muslim Women in Colonial Bengal, 1876–1939</i></a>. BRILL. p. 106. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-10642-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-10642-0"><bdi>978-90-04-10642-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+World+of+Muslim+Women+in+Colonial+Bengal%2C+1876%E2%80%931939&rft.pages=106&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-90-04-10642-0&rft.aulast=Amin&rft.aufirst=Sonia+Nishat&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVcAfpv6x0m4C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKazi+Nazrul+Islam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Huda_314-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Huda_314_71-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Huda_314_71-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHuda2000" class="citation book cs1">Huda, Mohammad Nurul (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MtpVAAAACAAJ">"Nazrul's Personlore"</a>. In Mohammad Nurul Huda (ed.). <i>Nazrul: An Evaluation</i>. Dhaka: Nazrul Institute. p. 314. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-984-555-167-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-984-555-167-0"><bdi>978-984-555-167-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Nazrul%27s+Personlore&rft.btitle=Nazrul%3A+An+Evaluation&rft.place=Dhaka&rft.pages=314&rft.pub=Nazrul+Institute&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-984-555-167-0&rft.aulast=Huda&rft.aufirst=Mohammad+Nurul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMtpVAAAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKazi+Nazrul+Islam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAhsanuzzaman" class="citation web cs1">Ahsanuzzaman, Ahmed. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303170341/http://www.ibsensociety.liu.edu/conferencepapers/nonoras.pdf">"No Nora's in Popular Bangla Literature"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>IB Sen society</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibsensociety.liu.edu/conferencepapers/nonoras.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 3 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 July</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IB+Sen+society&rft.atitle=No+Nora%27s+in+Popular+Bangla+Literature&rft.aulast=Ahsanuzzaman&rft.aufirst=Ahmed&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibsensociety.liu.edu%2Fconferencepapers%2Fnonoras.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKazi+Nazrul+Islam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNazrul_Islam2000" class="citation book cs1">Nazrul Islam, Kazi (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FgTldf7BDioC&pg=PA52">"Barangana"</a> [The Courtesan]. <i>The Rebel and Other Poems</i>. Translated by Chakravarthy, Basudha. New Delhi: Sahitya Akademi. pp. 52–54. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-260-0607-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-260-0607-6"><bdi>978-81-260-0607-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Barangana&rft.btitle=The+Rebel+and+Other+Poems&rft.place=New+Delhi&rft.pages=52-54&rft.pub=Sahitya+Akademi&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-81-260-0607-6&rft.aulast=Nazrul+Islam&rft.aufirst=Kazi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFgTldf7BDioC%26pg%3DPA52&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKazi+Nazrul+Islam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoswami1978" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Goswami, Jay Guru (1978). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IuIJAQAAIAAJ&q=%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF+%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%80+%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2+%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE"><i>Svabhabakabi Gobindadasera jibani o sahitya bicara</i></a> (in Bengali). Sailasri Laibreri.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Svabhabakabi+Gobindadasera+jibani+o+sahitya+bicara&rft.pub=Sailasri+Laibreri&rft.date=1978&rft.aulast=Goswami&rft.aufirst=Jay+Guru&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIuIJAQAAIAAJ%26q%3D%25E0%25A6%25A6%25E0%25A6%25BE%25E0%25A6%25B0%25E0%25A6%25BF%25E0%25A6%25A6%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%25B0%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%25AF%2B%25E0%25A6%2595%25E0%25A6%25BE%25E0%25A6%259C%25E0%25A7%2580%2B%25E0%25A6%25A8%25E0%25A6%259C%25E0%25A6%25B0%25E0%25A7%2581%25E0%25A6%25B2%2B%25E0%25A6%2587%25E0%25A6%25B8%25E0%25A6%25B2%25E0%25A6%25BE%25E0%25A6%25AE&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKazi+Nazrul+Islam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoswami1990" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Karunamaya_Goswami" title="Karunamaya Goswami">Goswami, Karumamaya</a> (1990). <i>Aspects of Nazrul Songs</i>. Dhaka: Nazrul Institute. pp. 178–179. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/23904256">23904256</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Aspects+of+Nazrul+Songs&rft.place=Dhaka&rft.pages=178-179&rft.pub=Nazrul+Institute&rft.date=1990&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F23904256&rft.aulast=Goswami&rft.aufirst=Karumamaya&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKazi+Nazrul+Islam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoniruzzaman2000" class="citation book cs1">Moniruzzaman, Mohammad (2000). "Interaction of Cultures and Kazi Nazrul Islam". In Mohammad Nurul Huda (ed.). <i>Nazrul: An Evaluation</i>. Dhaka: Nazrul Institute. p. 149. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-984-555-167-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-984-555-167-0"><bdi>978-984-555-167-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Interaction+of+Cultures+and+Kazi+Nazrul+Islam&rft.btitle=Nazrul%3A+An+Evaluation&rft.place=Dhaka&rft.pages=149&rft.pub=Nazrul+Institute&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-984-555-167-0&rft.aulast=Moniruzzaman&rft.aufirst=Mohammad&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKazi+Nazrul+Islam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:7-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:7_77-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:7_77-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBardhan2014" class="citation news cs1">Bardhan, Protik (29 May 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.prothomalo.com/opinion/news/48314/Kazi-Nazrul-Islam-Voice-of-Bengali-Muslims-and">"Kazi Nazrul Islam: Voice of Bengali Muslims and Secular Nationhood"</a>. <i>Prothom Alo</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180704093224/http://en.prothomalo.com/opinion/news/48314/Kazi-Nazrul-Islam-Voice-of-Bengali-Muslims-and">Archived</a> from the original on 4 July 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Prothom+Alo&rft.atitle=Kazi+Nazrul+Islam%3A+Voice+of+Bengali+Muslims+and+Secular+Nationhood&rft.date=2014-05-29&rft.aulast=Bardhan&rft.aufirst=Protik&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.prothomalo.com%2Fopinion%2Fnews%2F48314%2FKazi-Nazrul-Islam-Voice-of-Bengali-Muslims-and&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKazi+Nazrul+Islam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRafiqul_Islam2002" class="citation news cs1">Rafiqul Islam (24 May 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101126120753/http://www.nazrul.org/works_on_nazrul/articles/rafiqul_islam.htm">"The Champion of a Modern and Peaceful Islam"</a>. <i>The Daily Star</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nazrul.org/works_on_nazrul/articles/rafiqul_islam.htm">the original</a> on 26 November 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 March</span> 2016</span> – via nazrul.org.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Star&rft.atitle=The+Champion+of+a+Modern+and+Peaceful+Islam&rft.date=2002-05-24&rft.au=Rafiqul+Islam&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nazrul.org%2Fworks_on_nazrul%2Farticles%2Frafiqul_islam.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKazi+Nazrul+Islam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKhan2015" class="citation news cs1">Khan, Salimullah (29 August 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thedailystar.net/in-focus/reading-nazrul-islam-after-walter-benjamin-134326">"Reading Nazrul Islam after Walter Benjamin"</a>. <i>The Daily Star</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171022093559/http://www.thedailystar.net/in-focus/reading-nazrul-islam-after-walter-benjamin-134326">Archived</a> from the original on 22 October 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 February</span> 2016</span>. <q>Nazrul Islam, all the same, faced condemnation and stiff resistance from all quarters, Brits, Hindus and Muslims alike.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Star&rft.atitle=Reading+Nazrul+Islam+after+Walter+Benjamin&rft.date=2015-08-29&rft.aulast=Khan&rft.aufirst=Salimullah&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thedailystar.net%2Fin-focus%2Freading-nazrul-islam-after-walter-benjamin-134326&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKazi+Nazrul+Islam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thedailystar.net/literature/10-key-events-kazi-nazrul%E2%80%99s-life-133459">"10 key events in Kazi Nazrul's life"</a>. <i>The Daily Star</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Star&rft.atitle=10+key+events+in+Kazi+Nazrul%27s+life&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thedailystar.net%2Fliterature%2F10-key-events-kazi-nazrul%25E2%2580%2599s-life-133459&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKazi+Nazrul+Islam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kamrunnessa Azad. 2001. Dharmiya Chetonay Nazrul. Nazrul Institute, Dhaka. 1999. pp. 173–174</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newagebd.net/article/16251/nazrul-unique-creator-of-devotional-songs">"Nazrul: unique creator of devotional songs"</a>. <i>New Age</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Age&rft.atitle=Nazrul%3A+unique+creator+of+devotional+songs&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newagebd.net%2Farticle%2F16251%2Fnazrul-unique-creator-of-devotional-songs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKazi+Nazrul+Islam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNazrul_IslamShamsul_Arefin2017" class="citation conference cs1">Nazrul Islam; Shamsul Arefin, Mohammad (21 November 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm/SSRN_ID3079968_code2597468.pdf?abstractid=3079968&mirid=1"><i>Nazrul's Contributions in Equality and Egalitarianism: Twenty First Century Perspective</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. International Conference on Nazrul in Twenty First Century (ICNTFC 2017). Uttara University. pp. 1–19. <a href="/wiki/SSRN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="SSRN (identifier)">SSRN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3079968">3079968</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=conference&rft.btitle=Nazrul%27s+Contributions+in+Equality+and+Egalitarianism%3A+Twenty+First+Century+Perspective&rft.pages=1-19&rft.pub=Uttara+University&rft.date=2017-11-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpapers.ssrn.com%2Fsol3%2Fpapers.cfm%3Fabstract_id%3D3079968%23id-name%3DSSRN&rft.au=Nazrul+Islam&rft.au=Shamsul+Arefin%2C+Mohammad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpapers.ssrn.com%2Fsol3%2FDelivery.cfm%2FSSRN_ID3079968_code2597468.pdf%3Fabstractid%3D3079968%26mirid%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKazi+Nazrul+Islam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRogerBakewell2011" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Roger, L.; Bakewell, J., eds. (2011). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.credoreference.com/content/entry/chambbd/islam_kazi_nazrul/0">"Islam, Kazi Nazrul"</a></span>. <i>Chambers Biographical Dictionary</i> (9th ed.). Chambers Harrap<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 March</span> 2016</span>. <q>and wrote more than 500 devotional Hindu songs.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Islam%2C+Kazi+Nazrul&rft.btitle=Chambers+Biographical+Dictionary&rft.edition=9th&rft.pub=Chambers+Harrap&rft.date=2011&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsearch.credoreference.com%2Fcontent%2Fentry%2Fchambbd%2Fislam_kazi_nazrul%2F0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKazi+Nazrul+Islam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eisamay.indiatimes.com/eisamaygold/culture/muslim-nazrul-islam-shyama-sangeet-banned-on-radio/story/84940339.cms">"Najrul Islam : মুসলমান বলে নজরুলের শ্যামাসঙ্গীত ব্যান!"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_India" title="The Times of India">The Times of India</a></i> (in Bengali)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 September</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=Najrul+Islam+%3A+%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8+%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87+%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0+%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%99%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%A4+%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feisamay.indiatimes.com%2Feisamaygold%2Fculture%2Fmuslim-nazrul-islam-shyama-sangeet-banned-on-radio%2Fstory%2F84940339.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKazi+Nazrul+Islam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShafiqul_Islam2010" class="citation news cs1">Shafiqul Islam, Mohammad (29 May 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thedailystar.net/news-detail-140431">"I belong to the world . . "</a>. <i>The Daily Star</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180704100332/https://www.thedailystar.net/news-detail-140431">Archived</a> from the original on 4 July 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Bangla Academy.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bangla+Academy+Journal&rft.pub=Bangla+Academy.&rft.date=1995&rft.aulast=Ek%C4%81%E1%B8%8Dem%C4%AB+%28Bangladesh%29&rft.aufirst=B%C4%81%E1%B9%83l%C4%81&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D33xjAAAAMAAJ%26q%3DPatalpuri%2B1935&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKazi+Nazrul+Islam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_91-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_91-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMallick2015" class="citation news cs1">Mallick, Sadya Afreen (28 August 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thedailystar.net/arts-entertainment/event/nazruls-tryst-bengali-theatre-133651">"Nazrul's tryst with Bengali theatre"</a>. <i>The Daily Star</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180704155905/https://www.thedailystar.net/arts-entertainment/event/nazruls-tryst-bengali-theatre-133651">Archived</a> from the original on 4 July 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 March</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Star&rft.atitle=Nazrul%27s+tryst+with+Bengali+theatre&rft.date=2015-08-28&rft.aulast=Mallick&rft.aufirst=Sadya+Afreen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thedailystar.net%2Farts-entertainment%2Fevent%2Fnazruls-tryst-bengali-theatre-133651&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKazi+Nazrul+Islam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRafiqul_Islam2000" class="citation book cs1">Rafiqul Islam, Rafiqul (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MtpVAAAACAAJ">"Nazrul Islam"</a>. In Mohammad Nurul Huda (ed.). <i>Nazrul: An Evaluation</i>. Dhaka: Nazrul Institute. p. 117. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-984-555-167-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-984-555-167-0"><bdi>978-984-555-167-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Nazrul+Islam&rft.btitle=Nazrul%3A+An+Evaluation&rft.place=Dhaka&rft.pages=117&rft.pub=Nazrul+Institute&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-984-555-167-0&rft.aulast=Rafiqul+Islam&rft.aufirst=Rafiqul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMtpVAAAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKazi+Nazrul+Islam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.observerbd.com/2015/08/28/107530.php">"The grave of National Poet Kazi Nazrul Islam on the Dhaka University Central Mosque premises"</a>. <i>The Daily Observer</i>. 28 August 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 March</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Observer&rft.atitle=The+grave+of+National+Poet+Kazi+Nazrul+Islam+on+the+Dhaka+University+Central+Mosque+premises&rft.date=2015-08-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.observerbd.com%2F2015%2F08%2F28%2F107530.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKazi+Nazrul+Islam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kamal_325-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kamal_325_94-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kamal_325_94-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKamal2000" class="citation book cs1">Kamal, Sajed (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MtpVAAAACAAJ">"Kazi Nazrul Islam: A Chronology of Life"</a>. In Mohammad Nurul Huda (ed.). <i>Nazrul: An Evaluation</i>. Dhaka: Nazrul Institute. p. 325. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-984-555-167-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-984-555-167-0"><bdi>978-984-555-167-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Kazi+Nazrul+Islam%3A+A+Chronology+of+Life&rft.btitle=Nazrul%3A+An+Evaluation&rft.place=Dhaka&rft.pages=325&rft.pub=Nazrul+Institute&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-984-555-167-0&rft.aulast=Kamal&rft.aufirst=Sajed&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMtpVAAAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKazi+Nazrul+Islam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNurul_Huda2001" class="citation book cs1">Nurul Huda, Muhammad (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Co9jAAAAMAAJ"><i>Nazrul's Aesthetics and Other Aspects</i></a>. Nazrul Institute. p. 129.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nazrul%27s+Aesthetics+and+Other+Aspects&rft.pages=129&rft.pub=Nazrul+Institute&rft.date=2001&rft.aulast=Nurul+Huda&rft.aufirst=Muhammad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCo9jAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKazi+Nazrul+Islam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thedailystar.net/literature/10-key-events-kazi-nazrul%E2%80%99s-life-133459">"10 key events in Kazi Nazrul's life"</a>. <i>The Daily Star</i>. 27 August 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Star&rft.atitle=10+key+events+in+Kazi+Nazrul%27s+life&rft.date=2015-08-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thedailystar.net%2Fliterature%2F10-key-events-kazi-nazrul%25E2%2580%2599s-life-133459&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKazi+Nazrul+Islam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kamal_326-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kamal_326_97-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kamal_326_97-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kamal_326_97-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKamal2000" class="citation book cs1">Kamal, Sajed (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MtpVAAAACAAJ">"Kazi Nazrul Islam: A Chronology of Life"</a>. In Mohammad Nurul Huda (ed.). <i>Nazrul: An Evaluation</i>. Dhaka: Nazrul Institute. p. 326. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-984-555-167-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-984-555-167-0"><bdi>978-984-555-167-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Kazi+Nazrul+Islam%3A+A+Chronology+of+Life&rft.btitle=Nazrul%3A+An+Evaluation&rft.place=Dhaka&rft.pages=326&rft.pub=Nazrul+Institute&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-984-555-167-0&rft.aulast=Kamal&rft.aufirst=Sajed&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMtpVAAAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKazi+Nazrul+Islam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHR_Channel2017" class="citation cs2">HR Channel (10 July 2017), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3PwioVksT-A"><i>Kazi Nazrul Islam – a documentary 1956–1957</i></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 June</span> 2018</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kazi+Nazrul+Islam+%E2%80%93+a+documentary+1956%E2%80%931957&rft.date=2017-07-10&rft.au=HR+Channel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3D3PwioVksT-A&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKazi+Nazrul+Islam" class="Z3988"></span> Director: Manmath Roy</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.epw.in/journal/2006/50/special-articles/two-nations-and-dead-body.html">"Two Nations and a Dead Body"</a>. 16 December 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Two+Nations+and+a+Dead+Body&rft.date=2006-12-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.epw.in%2Fjournal%2F2006%2F50%2Fspecial-articles%2Ftwo-nations-and-dead-body.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKazi+Nazrul+Islam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNag2024" class="citation journal cs1">Nag, Sajal (22 January 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4419033">"Two Nations and a Dead Body: Mortuarial Rites and Post-Colonial Modes of Nation-Making in South Asia"</a>. <i>Economic and Political Weekly</i>. <b>41</b> (50): 5183–5190. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4419033">4419033</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Economic+and+Political+Weekly&rft.atitle=Two+Nations+and+a+Dead+Body%3A+Mortuarial+Rites+and+Post-Colonial+Modes+of+Nation-Making+in+South+Asia&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=50&rft.pages=5183-5190&rft.date=2024-01-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4419033%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Nag&rft.aufirst=Sajal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4419033&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKazi+Nazrul+Islam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120325222250/http://164.100.24.167/rajya/19/94/i5/94I50H02.htm">"References to demise of Heads of foreign States or eminent international personalities"</a>. 16 October 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://164.100.24.167/rajya/19/94/i5/94I50H02.htm">the original</a> on 25 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 May</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=References+to+demise+of+Heads+of+foreign+States+or+eminent+international+personalities&rft.date=2007-10-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2F164.100.24.167%2Frajya%2F19%2F94%2Fi5%2F94I50H02.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKazi+Nazrul+Islam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKumar_Das" class="citation news cs1">Kumar Das, Subrata. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20161219110132/http://archive.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=186548">"Nazrul . . . in the eyes of Benoykumar"</a>. <i>The Daily Star</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=186548">the original</a> on 19 December 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Star&rft.atitle=Nazrul+.+.+.+in+the+eyes+of+Benoykumar&rft.aulast=Kumar+Das&rft.aufirst=Subrata&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.thedailystar.net%2FnewDesign%2Fnews-details.php%3Fnid%3D186548&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKazi+Nazrul+Islam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170706043407/http://www.theindependentbd.com/post/1731">"Kazi Nazrul Islam: Rebel and Lover"</a>. <i>The Independent</i>. Dhaka. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theindependentbd.com/post/1731">the original</a> on 6 July 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 February</span> 2016</span>. <q>The rebel poet Kazi Nazrul Islam was crowned in 1972 as the national poet of Bangladesh.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Kazi+Nazrul+Islam%3A+Rebel+and+Lover&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theindependentbd.com%2Fpost%2F1731&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKazi+Nazrul+Islam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100111055412/http://www.nazrulsena.org/indexmain.htm">"Bangladesh Nazrul Sena"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nazrulsena.org/indexmain.htm">the original</a> on 11 January 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 May</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bangladesh+Nazrul+Sena&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nazrulsena.org%2Findexmain.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKazi+Nazrul+Islam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thedailystar.net/news/nazrul-at-csun">"Nazrul at CSUN"</a>. <i>The Daily Star</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Star&rft.atitle=Nazrul+at+CSUN&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thedailystar.net%2Fnews%2Fnazrul-at-csun&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKazi+Nazrul+Islam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=235542">"Nazrul on the global stage"</a>. <i>The Daily Start</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Start&rft.atitle=Nazrul+on+the+global+stage&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.thedailystar.net%2FnewDesign%2Fnews-details.php%3Fnid%3D235542&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKazi+Nazrul+Islam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131110213827/http://www.banglanews24.com/English/detailsnews.php?nssl=b1234cae2f9d0e75a246f66753d2fce3&nttl=2011052520556">"A unique symbol of secularism, President says of the rebel poet Nazrul's birthday celebrated"</a>. <i>Banglanews24.com</i>. 25 May 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.banglanews24.com/English/detailsnews.php?nssl=b1234cae2f9d0e75a246f66753d2fce3&nttl=2011052520556">the original</a> on 10 November 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Banglanews24.com&rft.atitle=A+unique+symbol+of+secularism%2C+President+says+of+the+rebel+poet+Nazrul%27s+birthday+celebrated&rft.date=2011-05-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.banglanews24.com%2FEnglish%2Fdetailsnews.php%3Fnssl%3Db1234cae2f9d0e75a246f66753d2fce3%26nttl%3D2011052520556&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKazi+Nazrul+Islam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thedailystar.net/arts-entertainment/event/nazruls-works-translated-spanish-and-portugese-574963">"Nazrul's works translated in Spanish and Portuguese"</a>. <i>The Daily Star</i>. 20 February 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170704035937/http://www.thedailystar.net/arts-entertainment/event/nazruls-works-translated-spanish-and-portugese-574963">Archived</a> from the original on 4 July 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Star&rft.atitle=Nazrul%27s+works+translated+in+Spanish+and+Portuguese&rft.date=2016-02-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thedailystar.net%2Farts-entertainment%2Fevent%2Fnazruls-works-translated-spanish-and-portugese-574963&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKazi+Nazrul+Islam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kknews.uz/uz/127535.html">"Эркин Воҳидов таваллудига бағишланган хотира тадбири бўлиб ўтди"</a> (in Uzbek). Karakalpakstan News Agency. 29 December 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%92%D0%BE%D2%B3%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2+%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0+%D0%B1%D0%B0%D2%93%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD+%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0+%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8+%D0%B1%D1%9E%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B1+%D1%9E%D1%82%D0%B4%D0%B8&rft.date=2022-12-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkknews.uz%2Fuz%2F127535.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKazi+Nazrul+Islam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thedailystar.net/city/traders-go-berserk-during-rajuks-eviction-drive-1204933">"Karwan Bazar veg traders rout out Rajuk eviction team"</a>. <i>The Daily Star</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 April</span> 2016</span>. <q>block the nearby Kazi Nazrul Islam Avenue</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Star&rft.atitle=Karwan+Bazar+veg+traders+rout+out+Rajuk+eviction+team&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thedailystar.net%2Fcity%2Ftraders-go-berserk-during-rajuks-eviction-drive-1204933&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKazi+Nazrul+Islam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/Anuradha-Mukherjee-appointed-as-new-vice-chancellor-of-Kazi-Nazrul-Islam-University/articleshow/17344503.cms">"Anuradha Mukherjee appointed as new vice-chancellor of Kazi Nazrul Islam University"</a>. <i>The Times of India</i>. 24 November 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180204163741/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com//city/kolkata/Anuradha-Mukherjee-appointed-as-new-vice-chancellor-of-Kazi-Nazrul-Islam-University/articleshow/17344503.cms">Archived</a> from the original on 4 February 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 April</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=Anuradha+Mukherjee+appointed+as+new+vice-chancellor+of+Kazi+Nazrul+Islam+University&rft.date=2012-11-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Fcity%2Fkolkata%2FAnuradha-Mukherjee-appointed-as-new-vice-chancellor-of-Kazi-Nazrul-Islam-University%2Farticleshow%2F17344503.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKazi+Nazrul+Islam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thedailystar.net/country/murder-nazrul-univ-student-sparks-protest-789391">"Murder of Nazrul univ student sparks protest"</a>. <i>The Daily Star</i>. 11 March 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180629160136/https://www.thedailystar.net/country/murder-nazrul-univ-student-sparks-protest-789391">Archived</a> from the original on 29 June 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 April</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Star&rft.atitle=Murder+of+Nazrul+univ+student+sparks+protest&rft.date=2016-03-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thedailystar.net%2Fcountry%2Fmurder-nazrul-univ-student-sparks-protest-789391&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKazi+Nazrul+Islam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/nazrul-tirtha-a-hub-of-cultural-exchange-with-bangladesh-114052601163_1.html">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Nazrul Tirtha', a hub of cultural exchange with Bangladesh"</a>. <i>The Business Standard</i>. 26 May 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180629155410/https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/nazrul-tirtha-a-hub-of-cultural-exchange-with-bangladesh-114052601163_1.html">Archived</a> from the original on 29 June 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 April</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Business+Standard&rft.atitle=%27Nazrul+Tirtha%27%2C+a+hub+of+cultural+exchange+with+Bangladesh&rft.date=2014-05-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.business-standard.com%2Farticle%2Fpti-stories%2Fnazrul-tirtha-a-hub-of-cultural-exchange-with-bangladesh-114052601163_1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKazi+Nazrul+Islam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doodles.google/doodle/kazi-nazrul-islams-121st-birthday/">"Kazi Nazrul Islam's 121st Birthday"</a>. <i>Google</i>. 25 May 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Google&rft.atitle=Kazi+Nazrul+Islam%27s+121st+Birthday&rft.date=2020-05-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoodles.google%2Fdoodle%2Fkazi-nazrul-islams-121st-birthday%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKazi+Nazrul+Islam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazi_Nazrul_Islam&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output 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href="https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22Islam%2C%20Kazi%20Nazrul%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Islam%2C%20Kazi%20N%2E%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Islam%2C%20K%2E%20N%2E%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Kazi%20Nazrul%20Islam%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Kazi%20N%2E%20Islam%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22K%2E%20N%2E%20Islam%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Islam%2C%20Kazi%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Kazi%20Islam%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Kazi%20Nazrul%20Islam%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Kazi%20N%2E%20Islam%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22K%2E%20N%2E%20Islam%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22K%2E%20Nazrul%20Islam%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Islam%2C%20Kazi%20Nazrul%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Islam%2C%20Kazi%20N%2E%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Islam%2C%20K%2E%20N%2E%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Islam%2C%20K%2E%20Nazrul%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Kazi%20Islam%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Islam%2C%20Kazi%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Kazi%20Nazrul%20Islam%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Kazi%20N%2E%20Islam%22%20OR%20title%3A%22K%2E%20N%2E%20Islam%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Kazi%20Islam%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Kazi%20Nazrul%20Islam%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Kazi%20N%2E%20Islam%22%20OR%20description%3A%22K%2E%20N%2E%20Islam%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Islam%2C%20Kazi%20Nazrul%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Islam%2C%20Kazi%20N%2E%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Kazi%20Islam%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Islam%2C%20Kazi%22%29%20OR%20%28%221899-1976%22%20AND%20Islam%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29">Works by or about Kazi Nazrul Islam</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?&as_auth=%22Nazrul+Islam+%28Kazi%29%22">Works by Nazrul Islam (Kazi)</a> at <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kazinazrulislam.org/">Kazi Nazrul Islam</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kobikolpolota.in/kazi-nazrul-islam-bangla-kobita/">Kazi Nazrul Islam</a> Poem</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox 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.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Kazi_Nazrul_Islam" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Kazi_Nazrul_Islam" title="Template:Kazi Nazrul Islam"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Kazi_Nazrul_Islam" title="Template talk:Kazi Nazrul Islam"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Kazi_Nazrul_Islam" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Kazi Nazrul Islam"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Kazi_Nazrul_Islam" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kazi Nazrul Islam</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_works_by_Kazi_Nazrul_Islam" title="List of works by Kazi Nazrul Islam">Works</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Novels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Bandhan Hara</i> (1927)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mrityukshuda" class="mw-redirect" title="Mrityukshuda">Mrityukshuda</a></i> (1930)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuhelika_(novel)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kuhelika (novel) (page does not exist)">Kuhelika</a></i> (1932)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Stories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Shiulimala" title="Shiulimala">Shiulimala</a></i></li> <li><i>Rikter Bedan</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Poem collections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Agnibeena" title="Agnibeena">Agnibeena</a></i> (1922)</li> <li><i>Sanchita</i> (1925)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Poems and songs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Notuner_Gaan" title="Notuner Gaan">Notuner Gaan</a>"</li> <li>"Bangladesh"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Bidrohi_(poem)" title="Bidrohi (poem)">Bidrohi</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/O_Mon_Romzaner_Oi_Rozar_Sheshe" title="O Mon Romzaner Oi Rozar Sheshe">O Mon Romzaner Oi Rozar Sheshe</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Pralayollas" title="Pralayollas">Pralayollas</a>"</li> <li>"Bisher Bashi"</li> <li>"Bhangar Gan"</li> <li>"Chhayana"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Plays and operas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Jhilimili</i> (1930)</li> <li><i>Putuler Biye</i> (1933)</li> <li><i>Madhumala</i> (1960)</li> <li><i>Shilpi</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Dhruba" title="Dhruba">Dhruba</a></i> (1934)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vidyapati_(film)" title="Vidyapati (film)">Vidyapati</a></i> (1937)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Magazines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Dhumketu_(magazine)" title="Dhumketu (magazine)">Dhumketu</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Langal" title="Langal">Langal</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kazi_Nazrul_Islam_01.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Kazi_Nazrul_Islam_01.png/80px-Kazi_Nazrul_Islam_01.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Kazi_Nazrul_Islam_01.png/120px-Kazi_Nazrul_Islam_01.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Kazi_Nazrul_Islam_01.png/160px-Kazi_Nazrul_Islam_01.png 2x" data-file-width="439" data-file-height="517" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kazi_Sabyasachi" title="Kazi Sabyasachi">Kazi Sabyasachi</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khilkhil_Kazi" title="Khilkhil Kazi">Khilkhil Kazi</a> (granddaughter)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nazrul_Geeti" title="Nazrul Geeti">Nazrul Geeti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazrul_Jayanti" title="Nazrul Jayanti">Nazrul Jayanti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazrul_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazrul Institute">Nazrul Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nazrul_Endowment&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nazrul Endowment (page does not exist)">Nazrul Endowment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mausoleum_of_Kazi_Nazrul_Islam" title="Mausoleum of Kazi Nazrul Islam">Mausoleum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_things_named_after_Kazi_Nazrul_Islam" title="List of things named after Kazi Nazrul Islam">Namesakes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Kazi_Nazrul_Islam" title="Category:Kazi Nazrul Islam">Category</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Kazi_Nazrul_Islam" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Kazi Nazrul Islam">Commons</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Wikiquote page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/13px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/20px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/27px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span> <b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Kazi_Nazrul_Islam" class="extiw" title="wikiquote:Kazi Nazrul Islam">Wikiquotes</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Notable_singers_of_Nazrul_Geeti" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #002147"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nazrul_Geeti" title="Template:Nazrul Geeti"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Nazrul_Geeti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Nazrul Geeti (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nazrul_Geeti" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Nazrul Geeti"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Notable_singers_of_Nazrul_Geeti" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="color: #FFFFFF;">Notable singers of</span> <a href="/wiki/Nazrul_Geeti" title="Nazrul Geeti"><span style="color:silver;">Nazrul Geeti</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #002147;width:1%"><span style="color: #FFFFFF;">Main Artist</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kazi Nazrul Islam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #002147;width:1%"><span style="color: #FFFFFF;">Other Artists</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abbasuddin_Ahmed" title="Abbasuddin Ahmed">Abbasuddin Ahmed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajoy_Chakrabarty" title="Ajoy Chakrabarty">Ajoy Chakrabarty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alaka_Das" title="Alaka Das">Alaka Das</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anup_Ghoshal" title="Anup Ghoshal">Anup Ghoshal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anup_Jalota" title="Anup Jalota">Anup Jalota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asha_Bhosle" title="Asha Bhosle">Asha Bhosle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chittaranjan_Das" title="Chittaranjan Das">Chittaranjan Das</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fahmida_Nabi" title="Fahmida Nabi">Fahmida Nabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdausi_Rahman" title="Ferdausi Rahman">Ferdausi Rahman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdous_Ara" title="Ferdous Ara">Ferdous Ara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firoza_Begum_(singer)" title="Firoza Begum (singer)">Firoza Begum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indrani_Sen" title="Indrani Sen">Indrani Sen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juthika_Roy" title="Juthika Roy">Juthika Roy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K_C_Dey" class="mw-redirect" title="K C Dey">K C Dey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamal_Dasgupta" title="Kamal Dasgupta">Kamal Dasgupta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanan_Devi" title="Kanan Devi">Kanan Devi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumar_Sanu" title="Kumar Sanu">Kumar Sanu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manabendra_Mukhopadhyay" title="Manabendra Mukhopadhyay">Manabendra Mukhopadhyay</a></li> <li>Manas Kumar Das</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manna_Dey" title="Manna Dey">Manna Dey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Rafi" title="Mohammed Rafi">Mohammed Rafi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namrata_Mohanty" title="Namrata Mohanty">Namrata Mohanty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nashid_Kamal" title="Nashid Kamal">Nashid Kamal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niaz_Mohammad_Chowdhury" title="Niaz Mohammad Chowdhury">Niaz Mohammad Chowdhury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nilufar_Yasmin" title="Nilufar Yasmin">Nilufar Yasmin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purabi_Dutta" title="Purabi Dutta">Purabi Dutta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S._D._Burman" title="S. D. Burman">S. D. Burman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadya_Afreen_Mallick" title="Sadya Afreen Mallick">Sadya Afreen Mallick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samina_Chowdhury" title="Samina Chowdhury">Samina Chowdhury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaheen_Samad" title="Shaheen Samad">Shaheen Samad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shusmita_Anis" title="Shusmita Anis">Shusmita Anis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudhin_Das" title="Sudhin Das">Sudhin Das</a></li> <li>Tapas Kumar Das</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border&#124;alt=_National_symbols_of_Bangladesh" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Symbols_of_Bangladesh" title="Template:Symbols of Bangladesh"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Symbols_of_Bangladesh" title="Template talk:Symbols of Bangladesh"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Symbols_of_Bangladesh" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Symbols of Bangladesh"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border&#124;alt=_National_symbols_of_Bangladesh" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;text-align:left"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Bangladesh_(1971).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_Bangladesh_%281971%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bangladesh_%281971%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_Bangladesh_%281971%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bangladesh_%281971%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_Bangladesh_%281971%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bangladesh_%281971%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_Bangladesh" title="National symbols of Bangladesh">National symbols of Bangladesh</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Main symbols</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amar_Sonar_Bangla" title="Amar Sonar Bangla">Amar Sonar Bangla</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(national anthem)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notuner_Gaan" title="Notuner Gaan">Notuner Gaan</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(national march)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Emblem_of_Bangladesh" title="National Emblem of Bangladesh">National Emblem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_Seal_of_Bangladesh" title="Government Seal of Bangladesh">Government Seal </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Bangladesh" title="Flag of Bangladesh">Red-Green</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(national flag)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(national language)</span></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/80px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="48" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/120px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/160px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Symbols.gif/80px-Symbols.gif" decoding="async" width="80" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Symbols.gif/120px-Symbols.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Symbols.gif/160px-Symbols.gif 2x" data-file-width="322" data-file-height="84" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Monuments and Memorials</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shaheed_Minar,_Dhaka" title="Shaheed Minar, Dhaka">Shaheed Minar</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1952, martyr monument)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Martyrs%27_Memorial" title="National Martyrs' Memorial">National Martyrs' Memorial</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1971, national monument)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyred_Intellectuals_Memorial" title="Martyred Intellectuals Memorial">Martyred Intellectuals Memorial</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1971, martyr monument)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Column_of_Independence" class="mw-redirect" title="Column of Independence">Column of Independence</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1971, independence monument)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sheikh_Mujibur_Rahman" title="Sheikh Mujibur Rahman">Sheikh Mujibur Rahman</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Father of the Nation)</span></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kazi Nazrul Islam</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(National poet)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Flora and fauna</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mango" title="Mango">Mango Tree</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(national tree)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oriental_magpie-robin" title="Oriental magpie-robin">Doel</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(national bird)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nymphaea_nouchali" title="Nymphaea nouchali">Water lily</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(national flower)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengal_tiger" title="Bengal tiger">Royal Bengal Tiger</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(national animal)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackfruit" title="Jackfruit">Jackfruit</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(national fruit)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilish" title="Ilish">Ilish</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(national fish)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other symbols</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kabaddi" title="Kabaddi">Kabaddi</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(national game)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_calendars" title="Bengali calendars">Bengali calendar</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(national calendar)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangamata" title="Bangamata">Bangamata</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(national personification)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Bengal_Renaissance" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Bengal_Renaissance" title="Template:Bengal Renaissance"><abbr title="View this 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Basu">Rajnarayan Basu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debendra_Mohan_Bose" title="Debendra Mohan Bose">Debendra Mohan Bose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jagadish_Chandra_Bose" title="Jagadish Chandra Bose">Jagadish Chandra Bose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subhash_Chandra_Bose" class="mw-redirect" title="Subhash Chandra Bose">Subhash Chandra Bose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyendra_Nath_Bose" title="Satyendra Nath Bose">Satyendra Nath Bose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhusudan_Gupta" title="Madhusudan Gupta">Madhusudan Gupta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Elliot_Drinkwater_Bethune" title="John Elliot Drinkwater Bethune">Bethune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upendranath_Brahmachari" title="Upendranath Brahmachari">Upendranath Brahmachari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bankim_Chandra_Chatterjee" title="Bankim Chandra Chatterjee">Bankim Chandra Chatterjee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarat_Chandra_Chattopadhyay" title="Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay">Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akshay_Kumar_Datta" title="Akshay Kumar Datta">Akshay Kumar Datta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Louis_Vivian_Derozio" title="Henry Louis Vivian Derozio">Henry Derozio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Duff_(missionary)" title="Alexander Duff (missionary)">Alexander Duff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Madhusudan_Dutt" title="Michael Madhusudan Dutt">Michael Madhusudan Dutt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romesh_Chunder_Dutt" title="Romesh Chunder Dutt">Romesh Chunder Dutt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anil_Kumar_Gain" title="Anil Kumar Gain">Anil Kumar Gain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kadambini_Ganguly" title="Kadambini Ganguly">Kadambini Ganguly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monomohun_Ghose" title="Monomohun Ghose">Monomohun Ghose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramgopal_Ghosh" title="Ramgopal Ghosh">Ramgopal Ghosh</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aghore_Nath_Gupta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aghore Nath Gupta (page does not exist)">Aghore Nath Gupta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Hare_(philanthropist)" title="David Hare (philanthropist)">David Hare</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kazi Nazrul Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Lafont" title="Eugène Lafont">Eugène Lafont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahanambrata_Brahmachari" title="Mahanambrata Brahmachari">Mahanambrata Brahmachari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashutosh_Mukherjee" title="Ashutosh Mukherjee">Ashutosh Mukherjee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalikrishna_Mitra" title="Kalikrishna Mitra">Kalikrishna Mitra</a></li> <li>Harish Chandra Mukherjee</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramakrishna" title="Ramakrishna">Ramakrishna Paramahamsa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gour_Govinda_Ray&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gour Govinda Ray (page does not exist)">Gour Govinda Ray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upendrakishore_Ray_Chowdhury" title="Upendrakishore Ray Chowdhury">Upendrakishore Ray Chowdhury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram_Mohan_Roy" class="mw-redirect" title="Ram Mohan Roy">Raja Ram Mohan Roy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meghnad_Saha" title="Meghnad Saha">Meghnad Saha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akshay_Chandra_Sarkar" title="Akshay Chandra Sarkar">Akshay Chandra Sarkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahendralal_Sarkar" title="Mahendralal Sarkar">Mahendralal Sarkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brajendra_Nath_Seal" title="Brajendra Nath Seal">Brajendra Nath Seal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Girish_Chandra_Sen" title="Girish Chandra Sen">Girish Chandra Sen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keshub_Chandra_Sen" title="Keshub Chandra Sen">Keshub Chandra Sen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haraprasad_Shastri" class="mw-redirect" title="Haraprasad Shastri">Haraprasad Shastri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debendranath_Tagore" title="Debendranath Tagore">Debendranath Tagore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabindranath_Tagore" title="Rabindranath Tagore">Rabindranath Tagore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyendranath_Tagore" title="Satyendranath Tagore">Satyendranath Tagore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jnanadanandini_Devi" title="Jnanadanandini Devi">Jnanadanandini Devi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fanindra_Nath_Gooptu" title="Fanindra Nath Gooptu">Fanindra Nath Gooptu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sitanath_Tattwabhushan" title="Sitanath Tattwabhushan">Sitanath Tattwabhushan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahmabandhav_Upadhyay" title="Brahmabandhav Upadhyay">Brahmabandhav Upadhyay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram_Chandra_Vidyabagish" title="Ram Chandra Vidyabagish">Ram Chandra Vidyabagish</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dwarkanath_Vidyabhusan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dwarkanath Vidyabhusan (page does not exist)">Dwarkanath Vidyabhusan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ishwar_Chandra_Vidyasagar" title="Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar">Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Vivekananda" title="Swami Vivekananda">Swami Vivekananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paramahansa_Yogananda" title="Paramahansa Yogananda">Paramahansa Yogananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Begum_Rokeya" title="Begum Rokeya">Begum Rokeya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_literature" title="Bengali literature">Bengali literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_poetry" title="Bengali poetry">Bengali poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Bengal" title="Music of Bengal">Bengali music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangiya_Sahitya_Parishad" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangiya Sahitya Parishad">Bangiya Sahitya Parishad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhadralok" title="Bhadralok">Bhadralok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahmoism" title="Brahmoism">Brahmoism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brahmo_Samaj" title="Brahmo Samaj">Brahmo Samaj</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaudiya_Math" title="Gaudiya Math">Gaudiya Math</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahanam_Sampraday" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahanam Sampraday">Mahanam Sampraday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_works_by_Kazi_Nazrul_Islam" title="List of works by Kazi Nazrul Islam">Nazrul geeti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabindra_Nritya_Natya" title="Rabindra Nritya Natya">Rabindra Nritya Natya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabindra_Sangeet" title="Rabindra Sangeet">Rabindra Sangeet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sambad_Prabhakar" title="Sambad Prabhakar">Sambad Prabhakar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyagraha" title="Satyagraha">Satyagraha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-Realization_Fellowship" title="Self-Realization Fellowship">Self-Realization Fellowship</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yogoda_Satsanga_Society_of_India" title="Yogoda Satsanga Society of India">Yogoda Satsanga</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swadeshi_movement" title="Swadeshi movement">Swadeshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tattwabodhini_Patrika" title="Tattwabodhini Patrika">Tattwabodhini Patrika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Bengal" title="Young Bengal">Young Bengal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Education</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chittagong_College" title="Chittagong College">Chittagong College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Statistical_Institute" title="Indian Statistical Institute">Indian Statistical Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_School,_Kolkata" title="Hindu School, Kolkata">Hindu School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jadavpur_University" title="Jadavpur University">Jadavpur University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_University,_Kolkata" title="Presidency University, Kolkata">Presidency University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Calcutta" title="University of Calcutta">University of Calcutta</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bethune_College" title="Bethune College">Bethune College</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Dhaka" title="University of Dhaka">University of Dhaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visva-Bharati_University" title="Visva-Bharati University">Visva-Bharati University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calcutta_School_of_Tropical_Medicine" title="Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine">Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Padma_Bhushan_award_recipients_(1960–1969)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Padma_Bhushan_Award_Recipients_1960%E2%80%931969" title="Template:Padma Bhushan Award Recipients 1960–1969"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Padma_Bhushan_Award_Recipients_1960%E2%80%931969" title="Template talk:Padma Bhushan Award Recipients 1960–1969"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Padma_Bhushan_Award_Recipients_1960%E2%80%931969" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Padma Bhushan Award Recipients 1960–1969"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Padma_Bhushan_award_recipients_(1960–1969)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Padma_Bhushan" title="Padma Bhushan">Padma Bhushan</a> award recipients (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Padma_Bhushan_award_recipients_(1960%E2%80%931969)" title="List of Padma Bhushan award recipients (1960–1969)">1960–1969</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1960</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haridas_Siddhanta_Bagish" title="Haridas Siddhanta Bagish">Haridas Siddhanta Bagish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabindra_Nath_Chaudhuri" title="Rabindra Nath Chaudhuri">Rabindra Nath Chaudhuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nilakantha_Das" title="Nilakantha Das">Nilakantha Das</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajeshwar_Shastri_Dravid" title="Rajeshwar Shastri Dravid">Rajeshwar Shastri Dravid</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kazi Nazrul Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hafiz_Ali_Khan" title="Hafiz Ali Khan">Hafiz Ali Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bal_Krishna_Sharma_Naveen" title="Bal Krishna Sharma Naveen">Bal Krishna Sharma Naveen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayyadevara_Kaleswara_Rao" title="Ayyadevara Kaleswara Rao">Ayyadevara Kaleswara Rao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acharya_Shivpujan_Sahay" title="Acharya Shivpujan Sahay">Acharya Shivpujan Sahay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vithal_Nagesh_Shirodkar" title="Vithal Nagesh Shirodkar">Vithal Nagesh Shirodkar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1961</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rustomji_Bomanji_Billimoria" title="Rustomji Bomanji Billimoria">Rustomji Bomanji Billimoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seth_Govind_Das" title="Seth Govind Das">Seth Govind Das</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verrier_Elwin" title="Verrier Elwin">Verrier Elwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niranjan_Das_Gulhati" title="Niranjan Das Gulhati">Niranjan Das Gulhati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L._Venkatakrishna_Iyer" title="L. Venkatakrishna Iyer">L. Venkatakrishna Iyer</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anand_Krishna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anand Krishna (page does not exist)">Rai Krishnadas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumitranandan_Pant" title="Sumitranandan Pant">Sumitranandan Pant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Svetoslav_Roerich" title="Svetoslav Roerich">Svetoslav Roerich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhagwan_Sahay" title="Bhagwan Sahay">Bhagwan Sahay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bindeshwari_Prasad_Verma" title="Bindeshwari Prasad Verma">Bindeshwari Prasad Verma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishnasami_Venkataraman" title="Krishnasami Venkataraman">Krishnasami Venkataraman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ardeshir_Ruttonji_Wadia" title="Ardeshir Ruttonji Wadia">Ardeshir Ruttonji Wadia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1962</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ramchandra_Narayan_Dandekar" title="Ramchandra Narayan Dandekar">Ramchandra Narayan Dandekar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prem_Chandra_Dhanda" title="Prem Chandra Dhanda">Prem Chandra Dhanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asaf_Ali_Asghar_Fyzee" title="Asaf Ali Asghar Fyzee">Asaf Ali Asghar Fyzee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bade_Ghulam_Ali_Khan" title="Bade Ghulam Ali Khan">Bade Ghulam Ali Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daulat_Singh_Kothari" title="Daulat Singh Kothari">Daulat Singh Kothari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mithan_Jamshed_Lam" title="Mithan Jamshed Lam">Mithan Jamshed Lam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudhansu_Sobhan_Maitra" title="Sudhansu Sobhan Maitra">Sudhansu Sobhan Maitra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sisir_Kumar_Mitra" title="Sisir Kumar Mitra">Sisir Kumar Mitra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarabai_Modak" title="Tarabai Modak">Tarabai Modak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niaz_Fatehpuri" title="Niaz Fatehpuri">Niaz Fatehpuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jal_R._Patel" title="Jal R. Patel">Jal Ratanji Patel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narayan_Sitaram_Phadke" title="Narayan Sitaram Phadke">Narayan Sitaram Phadke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V._Raghavan" title="V. Raghavan">V. Raghavan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dukhan_Ram" title="Dukhan Ram">Dukhan Ram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._S._Soundram" class="mw-redirect" title="T. S. Soundram">T. S. Soundram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahankali_Seetharama_Rao" title="Mahankali Seetharama Rao">Mahankali Seetharama Rao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moturi_Satyanarayana" title="Moturi Satyanarayana">Moturi Satyanarayana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sitaram_Seksaria" title="Sitaram Seksaria">Sitaram Seksaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santosh_Kumar_Sen" title="Santosh Kumar Sen">Santosh Kumar Sen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarlok_Singh_(economist)" title="Tarlok Singh (economist)">Tarlok Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raja_Radhika_Raman_Sinha" title="Raja Radhika Raman Sinha">Raja Radhika Raman Sinha</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1963</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Makhanlal_Chaturvedi" title="Makhanlal Chaturvedi">Makhanlal Chaturvedi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omeo_Kumar_Das" title="Omeo Kumar Das">Omeo Kumar Das</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitish_Chandra_Laharry" title="Nitish Chandra Laharry">Nitish Chandra Laharry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badri_Nath_Prasad" title="Badri Nath Prasad">Badri Nath Prasad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanuri_Lakshmana_Rao" title="Kanuri Lakshmana Rao">Kanuri Lakshmana Rao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rahul_Sankrityayan" title="Rahul Sankrityayan">Rahul Sankrityayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramanlal_Gokaldas_Saraiya" title="Ramanlal Gokaldas Saraiya">Ramanlal Gokaldas Saraiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._R._Seshadri" title="T. R. Seshadri">T. R. Seshadri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sardar_Harnarain_Singh" title="Sardar Harnarain Singh">Sardar Harnarain Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramkumar_Verma" title="Ramkumar Verma">Ramkumar Verma</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1964</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sheikh_Abdullah_(educationalist)" title="Sheikh Abdullah (educationalist)">Sheikh Abdullah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuruddin_Ahmed" title="Nuruddin Ahmed">Nuruddin Ahmed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rafiuddin_Ahmed_(dentist)" title="Rafiuddin Ahmed (dentist)">Rafiuddin Ahmed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Chandy" title="Jacob Chandy">Jacob Chandy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunji_Lal_Dubey" title="Kunji Lal Dubey">Kunji Lal Dubey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tushar_Kanti_Ghosh" title="Tushar Kanti Ghosh">Tushar Kanti Ghosh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dara_Nusserwanji_Khurody" title="Dara Nusserwanji Khurody">Dara Nusserwanji Khurody</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anukul_Chandra_Mukherjee" title="Anukul Chandra Mukherjee">Anukul Chandra Mukherjee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jnanendra_Nath_Mukherjee" title="Jnanendra Nath Mukherjee">Jnanendra Nath Mukherjee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhola_Nath_Mullik" title="Bhola Nath Mullik">Bhola Nath Mullik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R._K._Narayan" title="R. K. Narayan">R. K. Narayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chintaman_Govind_Pandit" title="Chintaman Govind Pandit">Chintaman Govind Pandit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tribhuvandas_Kishibhai_Patel" title="Tribhuvandas Kishibhai Patel">Tribhuvandas Kishibhai Patel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bal_Gandharva" title="Bal Gandharva">Bal Gandharva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._N._Ramachandran" title="T. N. Ramachandran">T. N. Ramachandran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khushwant_Lal_Wig" title="Khushwant Lal Wig">Khushwant Lal Wig</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1965</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joginder_Singh_Dhillon" title="Joginder Singh Dhillon">Joginder Singh Dhillon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhalchandra_Babaji_Dikshit" title="Bhalchandra Babaji Dikshit">Bhalchandra Babaji Dikshit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narasinh_Narayan_Godbole" title="Narasinh Narayan Godbole">Narasinh Narayan Godbole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nawang_Gombu_Sherpa" title="Nawang Gombu Sherpa">Nawang Gombu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonam_Gyatso_(mountaineer)" title="Sonam Gyatso (mountaineer)">Sonam Gyatso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akbar_Ali_Khan_(politician)" title="Akbar Ali Khan (politician)">Akbar Ali Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S._L._Kirloskar" title="S. L. Kirloskar">S. L. Kirloskar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohan_Singh_Kohli" title="Mohan Singh Kohli">Mohan Singh Kohli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harbaksh_Singh" title="Harbaksh Singh">Harbaksh Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Dunn_(Indian_Army_general)" class="mw-redirect" title="Patrick Dunn (Indian Army general)">P. O. Dunn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashmir_Singh_Katoch" title="Kashmir Singh Katoch">Kashmir Singh Katoch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratap_Chandra_Lal" title="Pratap Chandra Lal">Pratap Chandra Lal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramaswamy_Rajaram" title="Ramaswamy Rajaram">Ramaswamy Rajaram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Mujeeb" title="Mohammad Mujeeb">Mohammad Mujeeb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jayant_Narlikar" title="Jayant Narlikar">Jayant Narlikar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._R._Ramanathan" title="K. R. Ramanathan">K. R. Ramanathan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyajit_Ray" title="Satyajit Ray">Satyajit Ray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triguna_Sen" title="Triguna Sen">Triguna Sen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vrindavan_Lal_Verma" title="Vrindavan Lal Verma">Vrindavan Lal Verma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manikya_Lal_Verma" title="Manikya Lal Verma">Manikya Lal Verma</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1966</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Babubhai_Maneklal_Chinai" title="Babubhai Maneklal Chinai">Babubhai Maneklal Chinai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puliyur_Krishnaswamy_Duraiswami" title="Puliyur Krishnaswamy Duraiswami">Puliyur Krishnaswamy Duraiswami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verghese_Kurien" title="Verghese Kurien">Verghese Kurien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zubin_Mehta" title="Zubin Mehta">Zubin Mehta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._P._Kesava_Menon" title="K. P. Kesava Menon">K. P. Kesava Menon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mannathu_Padmanabha_Pillai" title="Mannathu Padmanabha Pillai">Mannathu Padmanabha Pillai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._Shankar_Pillai" title="K. Shankar Pillai">K. Shankar Pillai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vikram_Sarabhai" title="Vikram Sarabhai">Vikram Sarabhai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinayak_Sitaram_Sarwate" title="Vinayak Sitaram Sarwate">Vinayak Sitaram Sarwate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homi_Sethna" title="Homi Sethna">Homi Sethna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jodh_Singh" title="Jodh Singh">Jodh Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haribhau_Upadhyaya" title="Haribhau Upadhyaya">Haribhau Upadhyaya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1967</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mulk_Raj_Anand" title="Mulk Raj Anand">Mulk Raj Anand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tara_Cherian" title="Tara Cherian">Tara Cherian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishna_Kanta_Handique" title="Krishna Kanta Handique">Krishna Kanta Handique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akshay_Kumar_Jain" title="Akshay Kumar Jain">Akshay Kumar Jain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pupul_Jayakar" title="Pupul Jayakar">Pupul Jayakar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Akbar_Khan" title="Ali Akbar Khan">Ali Akbar Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D._P._Kohli" title="D. P. Kohli">D. P. Kohli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramanathan_Krishnan" title="Ramanathan Krishnan">Ramanathan Krishnan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheruvari_Lakshmanan" title="Cheruvari Lakshmanan">Cheruvari Lakshmanan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S._I._Padmavati" title="S. I. Padmavati">S. I. Padmavati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D._C._Pavate" title="D. C. Pavate">D. C. Pavate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Datto_Vaman_Potdar" title="Datto Vaman Potdar">Datto Vaman Potdar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B._Shiva_Rao" title="B. Shiva Rao">B. Shiva Rao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khwaja_Ghulam_Saiyidain" title="Khwaja Ghulam Saiyidain">Khwaja Ghulam Saiyidain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mihir_Sen" title="Mihir Sen">Mihir Sen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravi_Shankar" title="Ravi Shankar">Ravi Shankar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._L._Vasanthakumari" title="M. L. Vasanthakumari">M. L. Vasanthakumari</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1968</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acharya_Vishva_Bandhu" title="Acharya Vishva Bandhu">Acharya Vishva Bandhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prabhu_Lal_Bhatnagar" title="Prabhu Lal Bhatnagar">Prabhu Lal Bhatnagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Clubwala_Jadhav" title="Mary Clubwala Jadhav">Mary Clubwala Jadhav</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shivaram_Karanth" title="Shivaram Karanth">K. Shivaram Karanth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bismillah_Khan" title="Bismillah Khan">Bismillah Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishnu_Sakharam_Khandekar" title="Vishnu Sakharam Khandekar">Vishnu Sakharam Khandekar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Manekshaw" title="Sam Manekshaw">Sam Manekshaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mansukhlal_Atmaram_Master" title="Mansukhlal Atmaram Master">Mansukhlal Atmaram Master</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._G._K._Menon" title="M. G. K. Menon">M. G. K. Menon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waman_Bapuji_Metre" title="Waman Bapuji Metre">Waman Bapuji Metre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gujarmal_Modi" title="Gujarmal Modi">Gujarmal Modi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murugappa_Channaveerappa_Modi" title="Murugappa Channaveerappa Modi">Murugappa Channaveerappa Modi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Peary_Pal" title="Benjamin Peary Pal">Benjamin Peary Pal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahm_Prakash" title="Brahm Prakash">Brahm Prakash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manikonda_Chalapathi_Rau" class="mw-redirect" title="Manikonda Chalapathi Rau">Manikonda Chalapathi Rau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._R._Rao" title="C. R. Rao">C. R. Rao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radhanath_Rath" title="Radhanath Rath">Radhanath Rath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariadas_Ruthnaswamy" title="Mariadas Ruthnaswamy">Mariadas Ruthnaswamy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firaq_Gorakhpuri" title="Firaq Gorakhpuri">Firaq Gorakhpuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shripad_Damodar_Satwalekar" title="Shripad Damodar Satwalekar">Shripad Damodar Satwalekar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G._Sankara_Kurup" title="G. Sankara Kurup">G. Sankara Kurup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Periyasaamy_Thooran" title="Periyasaamy Thooran">Periyasaamy Thooran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamidipudi_Venkatarangayya" title="Mamidipudi Venkatarangayya">Mamidipudi Venkatarangayya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1969</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tarasankar_Bandyopadhyay" title="Tarasankar Bandyopadhyay">Tarasankar Bandyopadhyay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rahim-ud-in_Khan_Dagar" title="Rahim-ud-in Khan Dagar">Rahim-ud-in Khan Dagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohanlal_Lallubhai_Dantwala" title="Mohanlal Lallubhai Dantwala">Mohanlal Lallubhai Dantwala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keshavrao_Krishnarao_Datey" title="Keshavrao Krishnarao Datey">Keshavrao Krishnarao Datey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keshav_Prasad_Goenka" title="Keshav Prasad Goenka">Keshav Prasad Goenka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semmangudi_Srinivasa_Iyer" title="Semmangudi Srinivasa Iyer">Semmangudi Srinivasa Iyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vithalbhai_Jhaveri" title="Vithalbhai Jhaveri">Vithalbhai Jhaveri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prithviraj_Kapoor" title="Prithviraj Kapoor">Prithviraj Kapoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kesarbai_Kerkar" title="Kesarbai Kerkar">Kesarbai Kerkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishna_Kripalani" title="Krishna Kripalani">Krishna Kripalani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adinath_Lahiri" title="Adinath Lahiri">Adinath Lahiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gobind_Behari_Lal" title="Gobind Behari Lal">Gobind Behari Lal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kasturbhai_Lalbhai" title="Kasturbhai Lalbhai">Kasturbhai Lalbhai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lata_Mangeshkar" title="Lata Mangeshkar">Lata Mangeshkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V._K._Narayana_Menon" title="V. K. Narayana Menon">V. K. Narayana Menon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saghar_Nizami" title="Saghar Nizami">Saghar Nizami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanasaheb_Parulekar" title="Nanasaheb Parulekar">Nanasaheb Parulekar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yashwant_Dinkar_Pendharkar" title="Yashwant Dinkar Pendharkar">Yashwant Dinkar Pendharkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitthal_Laxman_Phadke" title="Vitthal Laxman Phadke">Vitthal Laxman Phadke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raja_Rao" title="Raja Rao">Raja Rao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niharranjan_Ray" title="Niharranjan Ray">Niharranjan Ray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prafulla_Kumar_Sen" title="Prafulla Kumar Sen">Prafulla Kumar Sen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haroon_Khan_Sherwani" title="Haroon Khan Sherwani">Haroon Khan Sherwani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_Tata" title="Naval Tata">Naval Tata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S._S._Vasan" title="S. S. Vasan">S. S. Vasan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div># Posthumous conferral <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Padma_Bhushan_award_recipients_(1954%E2%80%931959)" title="List of Padma Bhushan award recipients (1954–1959)">1954–1959</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Padma_Bhushan_award_recipients_(1960%E2%80%931969)" title="List of Padma Bhushan award recipients (1960–1969)">1960–1969</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Padma_Bhushan_award_recipients_(1970%E2%80%931979)" title="List of Padma Bhushan award recipients (1970–1979)">1970–1979</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Padma_Bhushan_award_recipients_(1980%E2%80%931989)" title="List of Padma Bhushan award recipients (1980–1989)">1980–1989</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Padma_Bhushan_award_recipients_(1990%E2%80%931999)" title="List of Padma Bhushan award recipients (1990–1999)">1990–1999</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Padma_Bhushan_award_recipients_(2000%E2%80%932009)" title="List of Padma Bhushan award recipients (2000–2009)">2000–2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Padma_Bhushan_award_recipients_(2010%E2%80%932019)" title="List of Padma Bhushan award recipients (2010–2019)">2010–2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Padma_Bhushan_award_recipients_(2020%E2%80%932029)" title="List of Padma Bhushan award recipients (2020–2029)">2020–2029</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="State_of_West_Bengal" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:West_Bengal" title="Template:West Bengal"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:West_Bengal" title="Template talk:West Bengal"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:West_Bengal" title="Special:EditPage/Template:West Bengal"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="State_of_West_Bengal" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">State of <a href="/wiki/West_Bengal" title="West Bengal">West Bengal</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_and_union_territory_capitals_in_India" title="List of state and union territory capitals in India">Capital</a>: <b><a href="/wiki/Kolkata" title="Kolkata">Kolkata</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_symbols" title="List of Indian state symbols">State symbols</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_emblems" title="List of Indian state emblems">Emblem</a>: <a href="/wiki/Emblem_of_West_Bengal" title="Emblem of West Bengal">Emblem of West Bengal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_anthems" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Indian state anthems">Anthem</a>: <a href="/wiki/Banglar_Mati_Banglar_Jol" title="Banglar Mati Banglar Jol">Banglar Mati Banglar Jol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_animals" title="List of Indian state animals">Animal</a>: <a href="/wiki/Fishing_cat" title="Fishing cat">Fishing cat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_birds" title="List of Indian state birds">Bird</a>: <a href="/wiki/White-throated_kingfisher" title="White-throated kingfisher">White-throated kingfisher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_flowers" title="List of Indian state flowers">Flower</a>: <a href="/wiki/Nyctanthes_arbor-tristis" title="Nyctanthes arbor-tristis">Night-flowering jasmine (Shiuli)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_trees" title="List of Indian state trees">Tree</a>: <a href="/wiki/Alstonia_scholaris" title="Alstonia scholaris">Devil's tree (Saptaparni)</a></li> <li>Fish: <a href="/wiki/Ilish" title="Ilish">Ilish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Bengal" title="History of Bengal">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gauda_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Gauda Kingdom">Gauda Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shashanka" title="Shashanka">Shashanka</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pala_Empire" title="Pala Empire">Pala Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sena_dynasty" title="Sena dynasty">Sena dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mallabhum_kingdom" title="Mallabhum kingdom">Mallabhum kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooch_Behar_State" title="Cooch Behar State">Cooch Behar State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sher_Shah_Suri" title="Sher Shah Suri">Sher Shah Suri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughal Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nawabs_of_Bengal" title="Nawabs of Bengal">Nawabs of Bengal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_India_Company" title="East India Company">East India Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Plassey" title="Battle of Plassey">Battle of Plassey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengal_Presidency" title="Bengal Presidency">Bengal Presidency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Bengal_famine_of_1770" title="Great Bengal famine of 1770">Great Bengal famine of 1770</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Rebellion_of_1857" title="Indian Rebellion of 1857">Indian Rebellion of 1857</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengal_Renaissance" title="Bengal Renaissance">Bengal Renaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bardhaman_Raj" title="Bardhaman Raj">Bardhaman Raj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nadia_Raj" title="Nadia Raj">Nadia Raj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jhargram_Raj" title="Jhargram Raj">Jhargram Raj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sovabazar_Raj" title="Sovabazar Raj">Sovabazar Raj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partition_of_Bengal_(1905)" title="Partition of Bengal (1905)">Partition of Bengal (1905)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_movement_for_Indian_independence" title="Revolutionary movement for Indian independence">Revolutionary movement for Indian independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anushilan_Samiti" title="Anushilan Samiti">Anushilan Samiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jugantar" title="Jugantar">Jugantar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengal_famine_of_1943" title="Bengal famine of 1943">Bengal famine of 1943</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direct_Action_Day" title="Direct Action Day">Direct Action Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noakhali_riots" title="Noakhali riots">Noakhali riots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partition_of_Bengal_(1947)" title="Partition of Bengal (1947)">Partition of Bengal (1947)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_Language_Movement_(Manbhum)" title="Bengali Language Movement (Manbhum)">Bengali Language Movement (Manbhum)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Liberation_War" title="Bangladesh Liberation War">Bangladesh Liberation War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naxalite%E2%80%93Maoist_insurgency" title="Naxalite–Maoist insurgency">Naxalite–Maoist insurgency</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_West_Bengal" title="Geography of West Bengal">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bengal_Basin" title="Bengal Basin">Bengal Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darjeeling_Himalayan_hill_region" title="Darjeeling Himalayan hill region">Darjeeling Himalayan hill region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terai" title="Terai">Terai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Bengal_plains" title="North Bengal plains">North Bengal plains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dooars" title="Dooars">Dooars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rarh_region" title="Rarh region">Rarh region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sundarbans" title="Sundarbans">Sundarbans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vajjabhumi" title="Vajjabhumi">Western plateau and high lands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganges_Delta" title="Ganges Delta">Ganges Delta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_West_Bengal" title="Climate of West Bengal">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandakphu" title="Sandakphu">Sandakphu (Highest point)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_protected_areas_of_West_Bengal" title="List of protected areas of West Bengal">Protected areas of West Bengal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Rivers_of_West_Bengal" title="Category:Rivers of West Bengal">Rivers of West Bengal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ganges" title="Ganges">Ganga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damodar_River" title="Damodar River">Damodar River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahmaputra_River" title="Brahmaputra River">Brahmaputra River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teesta_River" title="Teesta River">Teesta River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hooghly_River" title="Hooghly River">Hooghly River</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khoai" title="Khoai">Khoai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiger_Hill,_Darjeeling" title="Tiger Hill, Darjeeling">Tiger Hill, Darjeeling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siliguri_Corridor" title="Siliguri Corridor">Siliguri Corridor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_West_Bengal" title="Government of West Bengal">Governance</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_chief_ministers_of_West_Bengal" title="List of chief ministers of West Bengal">Chief Ministers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_West_Bengal" title="List of governors of West Bengal">Governor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Bengal_Legislative_Assembly" title="West Bengal Legislative Assembly">Legislative Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Bengal_Human_Rights_Commission" title="West Bengal Human Rights Commission">Human Rights Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Political_parties_in_West_Bengal" title="Category:Political parties in West Bengal">Political parties</a> (<a href="/wiki/Trinamool_Congress" title="Trinamool Congress">All India Trinamool Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_India_(Marxist)" title="Communist Party of India (Marxist)">Communist Party (Marxist)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Bengal_Pradesh_Congress_Committee" title="West Bengal Pradesh Congress Committee">Indian National Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party,_West_Bengal" title="Bharatiya Janata Party, West Bengal">Bharatiya Janata Party</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Lok_Sabha_constituencies_of_West_Bengal" title="Template:Lok Sabha constituencies of West Bengal">Parliamentary constituencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_constituencies_of_the_West_Bengal_Legislative_Assembly" title="List of constituencies of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly">Assembly constituencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CID_West_Bengal" title="CID West Bengal">CID West Bengal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolkata_Police" title="Kolkata Police">Kolkata Police</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Advocacy_group" title="Advocacy group">Rights groups</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Matua_Mahasangha" title="Matua Mahasangha">Matua Mahasangha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangla_Pokkho" title="Bangla Pokkho">Bangla Pokkho</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_West_Bengal" title="Administrative divisions of West Bengal">Divisions</a> and <br /><a href="/wiki/List_of_districts_of_West_Bengal" title="List of districts of West Bengal">districts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Burdwan_division" title="Burdwan division">Burdwan division</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Birbhum_district" title="Birbhum district">Birbhum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hooghly_district" title="Hooghly district">Hooghly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paschim_Bardhaman_district" title="Paschim Bardhaman district">Paschim Bardhaman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purba_Bardhaman_district" title="Purba Bardhaman district">Purba Bardhaman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jalpaiguri_division" title="Jalpaiguri division">Jalpaiguri division</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alipurduar_district" title="Alipurduar district">Alipurduar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooch_Behar_district" title="Cooch Behar district">Cooch Behar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darjeeling_district" title="Darjeeling district">Darjeeling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jalpaiguri_district" title="Jalpaiguri district">Jalpaiguri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalimpong_district" title="Kalimpong district">Kalimpong</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Malda_division" title="Malda division">Malda division</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Berhampore_district" title="Berhampore district">Berhampore</a> (declared)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dakshin_Dinajpur_district" title="Dakshin Dinajpur district">Dakshin Dinajpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jangipur_district" title="Jangipur district">Jangipur</a> (declared)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malda_district" title="Malda district">Malda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murshidabad_district" title="Murshidabad district">Murshidabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uttar_Dinajpur_district" title="Uttar Dinajpur district">Uttar Dinajpur</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Medinipur_division" title="Medinipur division">Medinipur division</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bankura_district" title="Bankura district">Bankura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishnupur_district,_West_Bengal" title="Bishnupur district, West Bengal">Bishnupur</a> (declared)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jhargram_district" title="Jhargram district">Jhargram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paschim_Medinipur_district" title="Paschim Medinipur district">Paschim Medinipur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purba_Medinipur_district" title="Purba Medinipur district">Purba Medinipur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purulia_district" title="Purulia district">Purulia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Presidency_division" title="Presidency division">Presidency division</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basirhat_district" title="Basirhat district">Basirhat</a> (declared)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howrah_district" title="Howrah district">Howrah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ichamati_district" title="Ichamati district">Ichamati</a> (declared)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolkata_district" title="Kolkata district">Kolkata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nadia_district" title="Nadia district">Nadia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_24_Parganas_district" title="North 24 Parganas district">North 24 Parganas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranaghat_district" title="Ranaghat district">Ranaghat</a> (declared)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_24_Parganas" title="South 24 Parganas">South 24 Parganas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sundarbans_district" title="Sundarbans district">Sundarbans</a> (declared)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cities_and_towns_in_West_Bengal" title="Cities and towns in West Bengal">Cities and<br /> towns</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alipore" title="Alipore">Alipore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asansol" title="Asansol">Asansol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berhampore" title="Berhampore">Berhampore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balurghat" title="Balurghat">Balurghat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bankura" title="Bankura">Bankura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barasat" title="Barasat">Barasat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bardhaman" title="Bardhaman">Bardhaman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishnupur,_Bankura" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishnupur, Bankura">Bishnupur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugli-Chuchura" title="Hugli-Chuchura">Hugli-Chuchura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooch_Behar" title="Cooch Behar">Cooch Behar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darjeeling" title="Darjeeling">Darjeeling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durgapur" title="Durgapur">Durgapur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haldia" title="Haldia">Haldia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howrah" title="Howrah">Howrah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jalpaiguri" title="Jalpaiguri">Jalpaiguri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaynagar_Majilpur" title="Jaynagar Majilpur">Jaynagar Majilpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiaganj_Azimganj" title="Jiaganj Azimganj">Jiaganj Azimganj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalimpong" title="Kalimpong">Kalimpong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kharagpur" title="Kharagpur">Kharagpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolkata" title="Kolkata">Kolkata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishnanagar,_Nadia" title="Krishnanagar, Nadia">Krishnanagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurseong" title="Kurseong">Kurseong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malda,_West_Bengal" title="Malda, West Bengal">Malda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midnapore" title="Midnapore">Midnapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murshidabad" title="Murshidabad">Murshidabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purulia" title="Purulia">Purulia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raiganj" title="Raiganj">Raiganj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siliguri" title="Siliguri">Siliguri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suri,_Birbhum" title="Suri, Birbhum">Siuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamluk" title="Tamluk">Tamluk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_West_Bengal_by_population" title="List of cities in West Bengal by population">List of cities in West Bengal by population</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:West_Bengal_cities_and_towns_by_district_templates" title="Category:West Bengal cities and towns by district templates">Cities and towns by district</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_West_Bengal" title="Culture of West Bengal">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bengal_Renaissance" title="Bengal Renaissance">Bengal Renaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_calendars" title="Bengali calendars">Bengali calendars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pattachitra" title="Pattachitra">Patachitra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalchitra" title="Chalchitra">Chalchitra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arts_of_West_Bengal" title="Arts of West Bengal">Arts of West Bengal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baul" title="Baul">Baul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhadu_(festival)" title="Bhadu (festival)">Bhadu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gombhira" title="Gombhira">Gombhira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chhau_dance" title="Chhau dance">Chhau dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_cuisine" title="Bengali cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabindra_Sangeet" title="Rabindra Sangeet">Rabindra Sangeet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabindra_Nritya_Natya" title="Rabindra Nritya Natya">Rabindra Nritya Natya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holi" title="Holi">Holi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dol_Purnima" title="Dol Purnima">Dol Purnima</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_Kolkata" title="Prostitution in Kolkata">Prostitution in Kolkata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pohela_Boishakh" title="Pohela Boishakh">Pohela Boishakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durga_Puja" title="Durga Puja">Durga Puja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhai_Dooj" title="Bhai Dooj">Bhai Dooj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raksha_Bandhan" title="Raksha Bandhan">Raksha Bandhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ratha_Yatra" title="Ratha Yatra">Ratha Yatra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Bengal" title="Architecture of Bengal">Architecture of Bengal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bengal_temple_architecture" title="Bengal temple architecture">Bengal temples</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_literature" title="Bengali literature">Bengali literature</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feluda" title="Feluda">Feluda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lalmohan_Ganguly" title="Lalmohan Ganguly">Lalmohan Ganguly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Professor_Shonku" title="Professor Shonku">Professor Shonku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarini_Khuro" title="Tarini Khuro">Tarini Khuro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kakababu" title="Kakababu">Kakababu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiriti_Roy" title="Kiriti Roy">Kiriti Roy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pather_Panchali_(novel)" title="Pather Panchali (novel)">Pather Panchali (novel)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_cinema,_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Bengali cinema, India">Bengali cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jatra_(theatre)" title="Jatra (theatre)">Jatra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghosts_in_Bengali_culture" title="Ghosts in Bengali culture">Ghosts in Bengali culture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geographical_indication" title="Geographical indication">GI products</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baluchari_sari" title="Baluchari sari">Baluchari sari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rasgulla" title="Rasgulla">Banglar Rosogolla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslin" title="Muslin">Banglar Muslin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bankura_horse" title="Bankura horse">Bankura horse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pattachitra" title="Pattachitra">Bengal Patachitra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chhau_mask" title="Chhau mask">Chhau mask</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darjeeling_tea" title="Darjeeling tea">Darjeeling tea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhaniakhali_Sari" class="mw-redirect" title="Dhaniakhali Sari">Dhaniakhali Sari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhokra" title="Dhokra">Dhokra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fazli_(mango)" title="Fazli (mango)">Fazli (mango)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garad_Saree" class="mw-redirect" title="Garad Saree">Garad Saree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gobindobhog" title="Gobindobhog">Gobindobhog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Himsagar" title="Himsagar">Himsagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaynagarer_Moa" title="Jaynagarer Moa">Jaynagarer Moa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madurkathi" title="Madurkathi">Madurkathi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manasa_chali" title="Manasa chali">Manasa chali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mihidana" title="Mihidana">Mihidana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakshi_kantha" title="Nakshi kantha">Nakshi kantha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santiniketan_Leather_Goods" title="Santiniketan Leather Goods">Santiniketan Leather Goods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shantipuri_sari" title="Shantipuri sari">Shantipuri sari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sitabhog" title="Sitabhog">Sitabhog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sundarban_Honey" title="Sundarban Honey">Sundarban Honey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangail_Saree_(West_Bengal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tangail Saree (West Bengal)">Tangail Saree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulaipanji" class="mw-redirect" title="Tulaipanji">Tulaipanji</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Demographics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bengalis" title="Bengalis">Bengali people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biharis" title="Biharis">Bihari people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_West_Bengal" title="Economy of West Bengal">Economy of West Bengal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Gorkha" title="Indian Gorkha">Gurkha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adivasi" title="Adivasi">Adivasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajbanshi_people" title="Rajbanshi people">Rajbanshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Indian_people" title="Anglo-Indian people">Anglo-Indian people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_communities_in_Kolkata" title="Ethnic communities in Kolkata">Ethnic communities in Kolkata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_West_Bengal_districts_ranked_by_literacy_rate" title="List of West Bengal districts ranked by literacy rate">List of West Bengal districts ranked by literacy rate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_Bengalis_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Discrimination against Bengalis in India">Discrimination against Bengalis in India</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_West_Bengal" title="List of people from West Bengal">People</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rabindranath_Tagore" title="Rabindranath Tagore">Rabindranath Tagore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyajit_Ray" title="Satyajit Ray">Satyajit Ray</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kazi Nazrul Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anil_Kumar_Gain" title="Anil Kumar Gain">Anil Kumar Gain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ritwik_Ghatak" title="Ritwik Ghatak">Ritwik Ghatak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subhas_Chandra_Bose" title="Subhas Chandra Bose">Subhas Chandra Bose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamini_Roy" title="Jamini Roy">Jamini Roy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bidhan_Chandra_Roy" title="Bidhan Chandra Roy">Bidhan Chandra Roy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jyoti_Basu" title="Jyoti Basu">Jyoti Basu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nandalal_Bose" title="Nandalal Bose">Nandalal Bose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jagadish_Chandra_Bose" title="Jagadish Chandra Bose">Jagadish Chandra Bose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meghnad_Saha" title="Meghnad Saha">Meghnad Saha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bankim_Chandra_Chatterjee" title="Bankim Chandra Chatterjee">Bankim Chandra Chatterjee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarat_Chandra_Bose" title="Sarat Chandra Bose">Sarat Chandra Bose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jnanadanandini_Devi" title="Jnanadanandini Devi">Jnanadanandini Devi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abanindranath_Tagore" title="Abanindranath Tagore">Abanindranath Tagore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyendranath_Tagore" title="Satyendranath Tagore">Satyendranath Tagore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyendranath_Dutta" title="Satyendranath Dutta">Satyendranath Dutta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raja_Ram_Mohan_Roy" title="Raja Ram Mohan Roy">Raja Ram Mohan Roy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ishwar_Chandra_Vidyasagar" title="Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar">Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rani_Rashmoni" title="Rani Rashmoni">Rani Rashmoni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramakrishna" title="Ramakrishna">Ramakrishna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Vivekananda" title="Swami Vivekananda">Swami Vivekananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarada_Devi" title="Sarada Devi">Sarada Devi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwarkanath_Tagore" title="Dwarkanath Tagore">Dwarkanath Tagore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukumar_Ray" title="Sukumar Ray">Sukumar Ray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upendrakishore_Ray_Chowdhury" title="Upendrakishore Ray Chowdhury">Upendrakishore Ray Chowdhury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Madhusudan_Dutt" title="Michael Madhusudan Dutt">Michael Madhusudan Dutt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarat_Chandra_Chattopadhyay" title="Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay">Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sister_Nivedita" title="Sister Nivedita">Sister Nivedita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mother_Teresa" title="Mother Teresa">Mother Teresa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amartya_Sen" title="Amartya Sen">Amartya Sen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bibhutibhushan_Bandyopadhyay" title="Bibhutibhushan Bandyopadhyay">Bibhutibhushan Bandyopadhyay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nihar_Ranjan_Gupta" title="Nihar Ranjan Gupta">Nihar Ranjan Gupta</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:West_Bengal" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:West Bengal">Image gallery at Wikimedia Commons</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/21px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/32px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/42px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Bangladesh" title="Portal:Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/19px-P_vip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/28px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/37px-P_vip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1944" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Biography" title="Portal:Biography">Biography</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Quill_and_ink.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Quill_and_ink.svg/19px-Quill_and_ink.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Quill_and_ink.svg/29px-Quill_and_ink.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Quill_and_ink.svg/38px-Quill_and_ink.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="152" data-file-height="152" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Poetry" title="Portal:Poetry">Poetry</a></li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q334818#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q334818#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q334818#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000083624249">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/19845309">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/118761/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJxGWWd9vHHpXjtGy4r6rq">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/11926787X">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n83185575">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Nazrul Islam, Kazi (1899-1976)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb135633080">France</a></span></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13563298h">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Nazrul Islam, Kazi (1899-1976)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb135633080">BnF data</a></span></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13563298h">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00514064">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/1684877">Portugal</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p103909966">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90362315">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810650235305606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007275614605171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA1533222X?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/833c036c-fcee-4f78-a918-5aa0b2d95596">MusicBrainz</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="কাজী নজরুল ইসলাম"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/69e9320c-2cbf-414f-abd8-f29e6612b629">2</a></span></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/052551903">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/nezrulislam">İslâm Ansiklopedisi</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kazi_Nazrul_Islam&oldid=1258309961">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kazi_Nazrul_Islam&oldid=1258309961</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Kazi_Nazrul_Islam" title="Category:Kazi Nazrul Islam">Kazi Nazrul Islam</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Bangladeshi_male_musicians" title="Category:Bangladeshi male musicians">Bangladeshi male 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