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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Creation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Creation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Creation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rhineland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rhineland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Rhineland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rhineland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Westphalia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Westphalia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Westphalia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Westphalia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Flags_and_coat_of_arms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Flags_and_coat_of_arms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Flags and coat of arms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Flags_and_coat_of_arms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Subdivisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Subdivisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Subdivisions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Subdivisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Borders" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Borders"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Borders</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Borders-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Demographics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Historical_population" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historical_population"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Historical population</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historical_population-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vital_statistics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vital_statistics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Vital statistics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vital_statistics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Politics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Politics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Politics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-List_of_minister-presidents" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_minister-presidents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>List of minister-presidents</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-List_of_minister-presidents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Architecture_and_building_monuments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Architecture_and_building_monuments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Architecture and building monuments</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Architecture_and_building_monuments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Historic_monuments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historic_monuments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1.1</span> <span>Historic monuments</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historic_monuments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_architecture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_architecture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1.2</span> <span>Modern architecture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_architecture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-World_Heritage_Sites" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#World_Heritage_Sites"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1.3</span> <span>World Heritage Sites</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-World_Heritage_Sites-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cuisine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cuisine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Cuisine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cuisine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Drinks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Drinks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2.1</span> <span>Drinks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Drinks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Festivals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Festivals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Festivals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Festivals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Music</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Transport</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Transport-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Transport subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Regional_rail_network" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Regional_rail_network"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Regional rail network</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Regional_rail_network-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Road" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Road"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Road</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Road-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Airports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Airports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Airports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Airports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Waterways" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Waterways"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.4</span> <span>Waterways</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Waterways-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Sports</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sports-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Sports subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Football" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Football"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Football</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Football-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Basketball" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Basketball"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2</span> <span>Basketball</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Basketball-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ice_hockey" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ice_hockey"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.3</span> <span>Ice hockey</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ice_hockey-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">North Rhine-Westphalia</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 153 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-153" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">153 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noordryn-Wesfale" title="Noordryn-Wesfale – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Noordryn-Wesfale" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nordrhein-Westfalen" title="Nordrhein-Westfalen – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Nordrhein-Westfalen" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%96%E1%88%AD%E1%8B%B5%E1%88%AB%E1%8B%AD%E1%8A%95-%E1%89%AC%E1%88%B5%E1%89%B5%E1%8D%8B%E1%88%88%E1%8A%95" title="ኖርድራይን-ቬስትፋለን – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ኖርድራይን-ቬስትፋለን" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nor%C3%BEr%C4%ABn-Westfeldas" title="Norþrīn-Westfeldas – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Norþrīn-Westfeldas" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%86-%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="شمال الراين-وستفاليا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="شمال الراين-وستفاليا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renania_d%27o_Norte-Westfalia" title="Renania d'o Norte-Westfalia – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Renania d'o Norte-Westfalia" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renania_del_Norte-Westfalia" title="Renania del Norte-Westfalia – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Renania del Norte-Westfalia" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yvate_Rrenania-Westfalia" title="Yvate Rrenania-Westfalia – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Yvate Rrenania-Westfalia" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nordrhein-Westfalen_suyu" title="Nordrhein-Westfalen suyu – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Nordrhein-Westfalen suyu" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Eimali_Reyn-Vestfaliya" title="Şimali Reyn-Vestfaliya – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Şimali Reyn-Vestfaliya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86-%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86" title="نوردراین-وستفالن – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="نوردراین-وستفالن" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhine-Westphalia_Kal%C3%A9r" title="Rhine-Westphalia Kalér – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Rhine-Westphalia Kalér" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A8-%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8" title="নর্ডরাইন-ভেস্টফালেন – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="নর্ডরাইন-ভেস্টফালেন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nordrhein-Westfalen" title="Nordrhein-Westfalen – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Nordrhein-Westfalen" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%A9%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%8F%D2%A1_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD-%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Төньяҡ Рейн-Вестфалия – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Төньяҡ Рейн-Вестфалия" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%A0%D1%8D%D0%B9%D0%BD-%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Паўночны Рэйн-Вестфалія – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Паўночны Рэйн-Вестфалія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD_%E2%80%94_%D0%92%D1%8D%D1%81%D1%82%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Паўночны Райн — Вэстфалія – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Паўночны Райн — Вэстфалія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD-%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Северен Рейн-Вестфалия – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Северен Рейн-Вестфалия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nordrhein-Westfalen" title="Nordrhein-Westfalen – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Nordrhein-Westfalen" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sjeverna_Rajna-Vestfalija" title="Sjeverna Rajna-Vestfalija – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Sjeverna Rajna-Vestfalija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nordrhein-Westfalen" title="Nordrhein-Westfalen – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Nordrhein-Westfalen" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rin_del_Nord-Westf%C3%A0lia" title="Rin del Nord-Westfàlia – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Rin del Nord-Westfàlia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87%D1%83%D1%80%C3%A7%C4%95%D1%80_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD-%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Çурçĕр Рейн-Вестфали – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Çурçĕр Рейн-Вестфали" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nordrhein-Westfalen" title="Nordrhein-Westfalen – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Nordrhein-Westfalen" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Severn%C3%AD_Por%C3%BDn%C3%AD-Vestf%C3%A1lsko" title="Severní Porýní-Vestfálsko – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Severní Porýní-Vestfálsko" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renania_Settentriunale-Vestfalia" title="Renania Settentriunale-Vestfalia – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Renania Settentriunale-Vestfalia" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nordrhein-Westfalen" title="Nordrhein-Westfalen – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Nordrhein-Westfalen" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nordrhein-Westfalen" title="Nordrhein-Westfalen – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Nordrhein-Westfalen" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nordrhein-Westfalen" title="Nordrhein-Westfalen – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Nordrhein-Westfalen" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nordrhoi-Wessfoale" title="Nordrhoi-Wessfoale – Pennsylvania German" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Nordrhoi-Wessfoale" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvania German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deitsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nordrhein-Westfalen" title="Nordrhein-Westfalen – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Nordrhein-Westfalen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nordrhein-Westfalska" title="Nordrhein-Westfalska – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Nordrhein-Westfalska" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nordrhein-Westfalen" title="Nordrhein-Westfalen – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Nordrhein-Westfalen" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CF%8C%CF%81%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%B1_%CE%A1%CE%B7%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%B1-%CE%92%CE%B5%CF%83%CF%84%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Βόρεια Ρηνανία-Βεστφαλία – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βόρεια Ρηνανία-Βεστφαλία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A0gna_Setentriun%C3%A0la-Vestf%C3%A0glia" title="Renàgna Setentriunàla-Vestfàglia – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Renàgna Setentriunàla-Vestfàglia" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renania_del_Norte-Westfalia" title="Renania del Norte-Westfalia – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Renania del Norte-Westfalia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nordrejn-Vestfalio" title="Nordrejn-Vestfalio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Nordrejn-Vestfalio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ipar_Renania-Westfalia" title="Ipar Renania-Westfalia – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ipar Renania-Westfalia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86-%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86" title="نوردراین-وستفالن – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نوردراین-وستفالن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nordrhein-Westfalen" title="Nordrhein-Westfalen – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Nordrhein-Westfalen" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rh%C3%A9nanie-du-Nord-Westphalie" title="Rhénanie-du-Nord-Westphalie – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Rhénanie-du-Nord-Westphalie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noardryn-Westfalen" title="Noardryn-Westfalen – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Noardryn-Westfalen" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_R%C3%A9in_Thuaidh-Viostf%C3%A1il" title="An Réin Thuaidh-Viostfáil – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Réin Thuaidh-Viostfáil" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yn_Rhine_Hwoaie-Westfalen" title="Yn Rhine Hwoaie-Westfalen – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Yn Rhine Hwoaie-Westfalen" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nordrhein-Westfalen" title="Nordrhein-Westfalen – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Nordrhein-Westfalen" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renania_do_Norte-Westfalia" title="Renania do Norte-Westfalia – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Renania do Norte-Westfalia" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pet_Rhine-Westphalia" title="Pet Rhine-Westphalia – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Pet Rhine-Westphalia" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%85%B8%EB%A5%B4%ED%8A%B8%EB%9D%BC%EC%9D%B8%EB%B2%A0%EC%8A%A4%ED%8A%B8%ED%8C%94%EB%A0%8C%EC%A3%BC" title="노르트라인베스트팔렌주 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="노르트라인베스트팔렌주" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BD%D5%AB%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%80%D5%BC%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%B8%D5%BD-%D5%8E%D5%A5%D5%BD%D5%A9%D6%86%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Հյուսիսային Հռենոս-Վեսթֆալիա – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հյուսիսային Հռենոս-Վեսթֆալիա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A8" title="उत्तरी राइन – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="उत्तरी राइन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sewjerorynsko-Westfalska" title="Sewjerorynsko-Westfalska – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Sewjerorynsko-Westfalska" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sjeverna_Rajna-Vestfalija" title="Sjeverna Rajna-Vestfalija – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Sjeverna Rajna-Vestfalija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nordrheno-Vestfalia" title="Nordrheno-Vestfalia – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Nordrheno-Vestfalia" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amianan_a_Renania-Wespalia" title="Amianan a Renania-Wespalia – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Amianan a Renania-Wespalia" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nordrhein-Westfalen" title="Nordrhein-Westfalen – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Nordrhein-Westfalen" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhenania_del_Nord-Westfalia" title="Rhenania del Nord-Westfalia – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Rhenania del Nord-Westfalia" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nordrhen-Westfalia" title="Nordrhen-Westfalia – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Nordrhen-Westfalia" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%C3%A6%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD-%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Цæгат Рейн-Вестфали – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Цæгат Рейн-Вестфали" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nor%C3%B0urr%C3%ADn-Vestfal%C3%ADa" title="Norðurrín-Vestfalía – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Norðurrín-Vestfalía" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renania_Settentrionale-Vestfalia" title="Renania Settentrionale-Vestfalia – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Renania Settentrionale-Vestfalia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9F-%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%94" title="נורדריין-וסטפאליה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="נורדריין-וסטפאליה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pangulung_Rhine-Westphalia" title="Pangulung Rhine-Westphalia – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Pangulung Rhine-Westphalia" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A9%E1%83%A0%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C-%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A4%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ჩრდილოეთი რაინ-ვესტფალია – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჩრდილოეთი რაინ-ვესტფალია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%82%D2%AF%D1%81%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BA_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD-%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Солтүстік Рейн-Вестфалия – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Солтүстік Рейн-Вестфалия" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nordrhein-Westfalen" title="Nordrhein-Westfalen – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Nordrhein-Westfalen" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhine_Kaskazini-Westfalia" title="Rhine Kaskazini-Westfalia – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Rhine Kaskazini-Westfalia" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nordrhein-Westfalen" title="Nordrhein-Westfalen – Kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Nordrhein-Westfalen" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nordrhein-Westfalen" title="Nordrhein-Westfalen – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Nordrhein-Westfalen" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nordrhein-Westfalen" title="Nordrhein-Westfalen – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Nordrhein-Westfalen" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhenania_Septentrionalis_et_Vestfalia" title="Rhenania Septentrionalis et Vestfalia – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Rhenania Septentrionalis et Vestfalia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zieme%C4%BCreina-Vestf%C4%81lene" title="Ziemeļreina-Vestfālene – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ziemeļreina-Vestfālene" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nordrhein-Westfalen" title="Nordrhein-Westfalen – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Nordrhein-Westfalen" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0iaur%C4%97s_Reinas-Vestfalija" title="Šiaurės Reinas-Vestfalija – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Šiaurės Reinas-Vestfalija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renania_do_N%C3%B2rd-Vestfallia" title="Renania do Nòrd-Vestfallia – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Renania do Nòrd-Vestfallia" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noordrien-Wesfale" title="Noordrien-Wesfale – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Noordrien-Wesfale" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rein-ya-Nola-Fal%C3%AD-ya-L%C3%ADmbe" title="Rein-ya-Nola-Falí-ya-Límbe – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Rein-ya-Nola-Falí-ya-Límbe" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nord_Reno-Westfalia" title="Nord Reno-Westfalia – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Nord Reno-Westfalia" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89szak-Rajna-Vesztf%C3%A1lia" title="Észak-Rajna-Vesztfália – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Észak-Rajna-Vesztfália" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%BD%D0%B0-%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Северна Рајна-Вестфалија – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Северна Рајна-Вестфалија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nordrhein-Westfalen" title="Nordrhein-Westfalen – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Nordrhein-Westfalen" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8B%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%88%E0%B5%BB-%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AB%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF" title="നോർത്ത് റൈൻ-വെസ്റ്റ്ഫാലിയ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="നോർത്ത് റൈൻ-വെസ്റ്റ്ഫാലിയ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%B1%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A8-%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%A8" title="नोर्डऱ्हाइन-वेस्टफालन – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="नोर्डऱ्हाइन-वेस्टफालन" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%94_%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C-%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A4%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ოორუე რაინ-ვესტფალია – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ოორუე რაინ-ვესტფალია" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%86-%DA%A4%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86" title="نوردراين-ڤيسفالين – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="نوردراين-ڤيسفالين" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86-%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86" title="نوردراین-وستفالن – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="نوردراین-وستفالن" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="North Rhine-Westphalia – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="North Rhine-Westphalia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD-%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Умард Райн-Вестфали – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Умард Райн-Вестфали" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noordrijn-Westfalen" title="Noordrijn-Westfalen – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Noordrijn-Westfalen" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noordrhain-Westfele" title="Noordrhain-Westfele – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Noordrhain-Westfele" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A8" title="उत्तरी राइन – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="उत्तरी राइन" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8E%E3%83%AB%E3%83%88%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%EF%BC%9D%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A7%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AC%E3%83%B3%E5%B7%9E" title="ノルトライン＝ヴェストファーレン州 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ノルトライン＝ヴェストファーレン州" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nord_Reno-Westfalia" title="Nord Reno-Westfalia – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Nord Reno-Westfalia" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8A%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD-%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Къилбаседа Рейн-Вестфали – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Къилбаседа Рейн-Вестфали" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nordrhin-Weestf%C3%A5%C3%A5len" title="Nordrhin-Weestfåålen – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Nordrhin-Weestfåålen" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nordrhein-Westfalen" title="Nordrhein-Westfalen – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Nordrhein-Westfalen" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nordrhein-Westfalen" title="Nordrhein-Westfalen – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Nordrhein-Westfalen" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A0nia_del_N%C3%B2rd-Vestf%C3%A0lia" title="Renània del Nòrd-Vestfàlia – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Renània del Nòrd-Vestfàlia" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shimoliy_Reyn-Vestfaliya" title="Shimoliy Reyn-Vestfaliya – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Shimoliy Reyn-Vestfaliya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%89%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%88%E0%A8%A8-%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%9B%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%A8" title="ਉੱਤਰੀ ਰਾਈਨ-ਪੱਛਮੀ ਫ਼ਾਲਨ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਉੱਤਰੀ ਰਾਈਨ-ਪੱਛਮੀ ਫ਼ਾਲਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pfl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pfl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nordrhein-Westfalen" title="Nordrhein-Westfalen – Palatine German" lang="pfl" hreflang="pfl" data-title="Nordrhein-Westfalen" data-language-autonym="Pälzisch" data-language-local-name="Palatine German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pälzisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%84%D8%A7_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%86_%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7_%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%DB%81" title="اتلا رائین لیندا فالیہ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="اتلا رائین لیندا فالیہ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nordrhein-Westfalen" title="Nordrhein-Westfalen – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Nordrhein-Westfalen" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86-%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86" title="نوردراین-وستفالن – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="نوردراین-وستفالن" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nord-Rh%C3%A9nanie-Westfalie" title="Nord-Rhénanie-Westfalie – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Nord-Rhénanie-Westfalie" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%B2rd_Ren-Westfalia" title="Nòrd Ren-Westfalia – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Nòrd Ren-Westfalia" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noordrhien-Westfalen" title="Noordrhien-Westfalen – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Noordrhien-Westfalen" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nadrenia_P%C3%B3%C5%82nocna-Westfalia" title="Nadrenia Północna-Westfalia – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Nadrenia Północna-Westfalia" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A2nia_do_Norte-Vestf%C3%A1lia" title="Renânia do Norte-Vestfália – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Renânia do Norte-Vestfália" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nordrhein-Westfalen" title="Nordrhein-Westfalen – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Nordrhein-Westfalen" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Eimaliy_Reyn-Vestfaliya" title="Şimaliy Reyn-Vestfaliya – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Şimaliy Reyn-Vestfaliya" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noodrhing-W%C3%A4%C3%9F%C3%9Ffaale" title="Noodrhing-Wäßßfaale – Colognian" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Noodrhing-Wäßßfaale" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="Colognian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renania_de_Nord-Westfalia" title="Renania de Nord-Westfalia – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Renania de Nord-Westfalia" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rain_dal_Nord-Vestfalia" title="Rain dal Nord-Vestfalia – Romansh" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Rain dal Nord-Vestfalia" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Romansh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nordrhein-Westfalen" title="Nordrhein-Westfalen – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Nordrhein-Westfalen" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%94_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%8F-%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Севернє Поріня-Вестфалія – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Севернє Поріня-Вестфалія" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD-%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Северный Рейн-Вестфалия – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Северный Рейн-Вестфалия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B3%D1%83_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD-%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Хотугу Рейн-Вестфалия – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Хотугу Рейн-Вестфалия" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A0nia_de_su_Norte-Westf%C3%A0lia" title="Renània de su Norte-Westfàlia – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Renània de su Norte-Westfàlia" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Rhine-Westphalie" title="North Rhine-Westphalie – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="North Rhine-Westphalie" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noudrhien-W%C3%A4%C3%A4stfoalen" title="Noudrhien-Wäästfoalen – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Noudrhien-Wäästfoalen" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raini_i_Veriut_dhe_Falia_Perendimore" title="Raini i Veriut dhe Falia Perendimore – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Raini i Veriut dhe Falia Perendimore" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="North Rhine-Westphalia – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="North Rhine-Westphalia" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%BF_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%86_%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%DA%A6%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="نارٿ رائن وستڦيليا – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="نارٿ رائن وستڦيليا" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Severn%C3%A9_Por%C3%BDnie-Vestf%C3%A1lsko" title="Severné Porýnie-Vestfálsko – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Severné Porýnie-Vestfálsko" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Severno_Porenje_-_Vestfalija" title="Severno Porenje - Vestfalija – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Severno Porenje - Vestfalija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%95%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D8%A7%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%88%D8%B1-%D9%88%DB%8E%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="ڕاینی باکوور-وێستفالیا – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ڕاینی باکوور-وێستفالیا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%BD%D0%B0-%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Северна Рајна-Вестфалија – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Северна Рајна-Вестфалија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sjeverna_Rajna-Vestfalija" title="Sjeverna Rajna-Vestfalija – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Sjeverna Rajna-Vestfalija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nordrhein-W%C3%A9stfalen" title="Nordrhein-Wéstfalen – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Nordrhein-Wéstfalen" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nordrhein-Westfalen" title="Nordrhein-Westfalen – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Nordrhein-Westfalen" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nordrhein-Westfalen" title="Nordrhein-Westfalen – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Nordrhein-Westfalen" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hilagang_Renania-Westfalia" title="Hilagang Renania-Westfalia – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Hilagang Renania-Westfalia" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%A9%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BA_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD-%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Төньяк Рейн-Вестфалия – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Төньяк Рейн-Вестфалия" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%97%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%8C-%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%97%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99" title="รัฐนอร์ทไรน์-เว็สท์ฟาเลิน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="รัฐนอร์ทไรน์-เว็สท์ฟาเลิน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD-%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB%D3%A3" title="Райн-Вестфалени шимолӣ – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Райн-Вестфалени шимолӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuzey_Ren-Vestfalya" title="Kuzey Ren-Vestfalya – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kuzey Ren-Vestfalya" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B9%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD-%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Уйпал Рейн-Вестфалия – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Уйпал Рейн-Вестфалия" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD-%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Північний Рейн-Вестфалія – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Північний Рейн-Вестфалія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%86_%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%B9_%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86" title="نورڈرائن ویسٹ فالن – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="نورڈرائن ویسٹ فالن" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renania_Setentrional-Vestfalia" title="Renania Setentrional-Vestfalia – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Renania Setentrional-Vestfalia" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nordrhein-Westfalen" title="Nordrhein-Westfalen – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Nordrhein-Westfalen" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nol%C3%BCdarin%C3%A4n%E2%B8%97Vesfal%C3%A4n" title="Nolüdarinän⸗Vesfalän – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Nolüdarinän⸗Vesfalän" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E8%90%8A%E8%8C%B5-%E8%A5%BF%E6%B3%95%E5%80%AB" title="北萊茵-西法倫 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="北萊茵-西法倫" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noordreyn-Westfalen" title="Noordreyn-Westfalen – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Noordreyn-Westfalen" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nordrhein-Westfalen" title="Nordrhein-Westfalen – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Nordrhein-Westfalen" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E8%8E%B1%E8%8C%B5-%E5%A8%81%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E6%B3%95%E4%BC%A6" title="北莱茵-威斯特法伦 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="北莱茵-威斯特法伦" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%93_%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9F-%D7%95%D7%95%D7%A2%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A2" title="נארד ריין-וועסטפאליע – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="נארד ריין-וועסטפאליע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nordrhein-Westfalen" title="Nordrhein-Westfalen – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Nordrhein-Westfalen" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E8%90%8A%E8%8C%B5%EF%BC%8D%E8%A5%BF%E6%B3%95%E5%80%AB" title="北萊茵－西法倫 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="北萊茵－西法倫" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%AA_Z%C4%B1mey-Westfalya" title="Renê Zımey-Westfalya – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Renê Zımey-Westfalya" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nordrhein-Westfalen" title="Nordrhein-Westfalen – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Nordrhein-Westfalen" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" 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For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/NRW_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="NRW (disambiguation)">NRW (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">State in Germany</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">North Rhine-Westphalia</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native"><small><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Nordrhein-Westfalen</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>)</span><br /><span title="Low German-language text"><i lang="nds">Noordryn-Westfaulen</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Low_German_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Low German language">Low German</a>)</span></small></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/States_of_Germany" title="States of Germany">State</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of North Rhine-Westphalia"><img alt="Flag of North Rhine-Westphalia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia.svg/120px-Flag_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="72" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia.svg/180px-Flag_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia.svg/240px-Flag_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="Flag of North Rhine-Westphalia">Flag</a></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of North Rhine-Westphalia"><img alt="Coat of arms of North Rhine-Westphalia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Coat_of_arms_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia.svg/75px-Coat_of_arms_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Coat_of_arms_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia.svg/113px-Coat_of_arms_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Coat_of_arms_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia.svg/150px-Coat_of_arms_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="461" data-file-height="532" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="Coat of arms of North Rhine-Westphalia">Coat of arms</a></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 250px; height: 300px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="250" data-height="300" data-zoom="5" data-lat="51.1" data-lon="10.5" data-overlays="["_19255564dbf2655f28372942549e34cc46799aee"]" href="/wiki/Special:Map/5/51.1/10.5/en"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,5,51.1,10.5,250x300.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=North_Rhine-Westphalia&groups=_19255564dbf2655f28372942549e34cc46799aee" width="250" height="300" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,5,51.1,10.5,250x300@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=North_Rhine-Westphalia&groups=_19255564dbf2655f28372942549e34cc46799aee 2x" alt="Map" /></a></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=North_Rhine-Westphalia&params=51_28_N_7_33_E_type:adm1st_region:DE-NRW"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">51°28′N</span> <span class="longitude">7°33′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">51.467°N 7.550°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">51.467; 7.550</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/History_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="History of North Rhine-Westphalia">23 August 1946</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf">Düsseldorf</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Largest city</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cologne" title="Cologne">Cologne</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Body</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><a href="/wiki/Landtag_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="Landtag of North Rhine-Westphalia">Landtag of North Rhine-Westphalia</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Minister-President_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="Minister-President of North Rhine-Westphalia">Minister-President</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hendrik_W%C3%BCst" title="Hendrik Wüst">Hendrik Wüst</a> (<a href="/wiki/Christian_Democratic_Union_of_Germany" title="Christian Democratic Union of Germany">CDU</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Governing parties</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Christian_Democratic_Union_of_Germany" title="Christian Democratic Union of Germany">CDU</a> / <a href="/wiki/Alliance_90/The_Greens" title="Alliance 90/The Greens">Greens</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Bundesrat_of_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Bundesrat of Germany">Bundesrat votes</a></th><td class="infobox-data">6 (of 69)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Bundestag" title="Bundestag">Bundestag seats</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Results_of_the_2021_German_federal_election#North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="Results of the 2021 German federal election">155 (of 736)</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">34,084.13 km<sup>2</sup> (13,159.96 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2023-06-30)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">18,152,449</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">530/km<sup>2</sup> (1,400/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">GDP<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Total</th><td class="infobox-data">€793.690 billion (2022)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Per capita</th><td class="infobox-data">€43,910 (2022)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B1" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+1">UTC+1</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Time" title="Central European Time">CET</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B2" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+2">UTC+2</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Summer_Time" title="Central European Summer Time">CEST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data nickname">DE-NW</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/First_level_NUTS_of_the_European_Union#Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="First level NUTS of the European Union">NUTS Region</a></th><td class="infobox-data">DEA</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Human_Development_Index" title="Human Development Index">HDI</a> (2021)</th><td class="infobox-data">0.939<sup id="cite_ref-GlobalDataLab_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GlobalDataLab-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><span class="tmp-color" style="color:green">very high</span> · <a href="/wiki/List_of_German_states_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of German states by Human Development Index">7th of 16</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.land.nrw/english">www<wbr />.land<wbr />.nrw<wbr />/english</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>North Rhine-Westphalia</b> or <b>North-Rhine/Westphalia</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> commonly shortened to <b>NRW</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a <a href="/wiki/States_of_Germany" title="States of Germany">state</a> (<i>Land</i>) in <a href="/wiki/Old_states_of_Germany" title="Old states of Germany">Western Germany</a>. With more than 18 million inhabitants, it is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_German_states_by_population" class="mw-redirect" title="List of German states by population">most populous</a> state in Germany. Apart from the city-states (<a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bremen" title="Bremen">Bremen</a>), it is also the <a href="/wiki/List_of_German_states_by_population_density" class="mw-redirect" title="List of German states by population density">most densely</a> populated state in Germany. Covering an area of 34,084 km<sup>2</sup> (13,160 sq mi), it is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_German_states_by_area" class="mw-redirect" title="List of German states by area">fourth-largest</a> German state by size. </p><p>North Rhine-Westphalia features 30 of the 81 German municipalities with over 100,000 inhabitants, including <a href="/wiki/Cologne" title="Cologne">Cologne</a> (over 1 million), the state capital <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf">Düsseldorf</a> (630,000), <a href="/wiki/Dortmund" title="Dortmund">Dortmund</a> and <a href="/wiki/Essen" title="Essen">Essen</a> (about 590,000 inhabitants each) and other cities predominantly located in the <a href="/wiki/Rhine-Ruhr" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhine-Ruhr">Rhine-Ruhr</a> <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area">metropolitan area</a>, the largest urban area in Germany and the fourth-largest on the <a href="/wiki/European_continent" class="mw-redirect" title="European continent">European continent</a>. The location of the Rhine-Ruhr at the heart of the European <a href="/wiki/Blue_Banana" title="Blue Banana">Blue Banana</a> makes it well connected to other major European cities and metropolitan areas like the <a href="/wiki/Randstad" title="Randstad">Randstad</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Flemish_Diamond" title="Flemish Diamond">Flemish Diamond</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_Rhine-Main_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Frankfurt Rhine-Main Region">Frankfurt Rhine-Main Region</a>. </p><p>North Rhine-Westphalia was established in 1946 after <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Prussia" title="Prussia">Prussian</a> provinces of <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Westphalia" title="Province of Westphalia">Westphalia</a> and the northern part of <a href="/wiki/Rhine_Province" title="Rhine Province">Rhine Province</a> (<a href="/wiki/North_Rhine" title="North Rhine">North Rhine</a>), and the <a href="/wiki/Free_State_of_Lippe" title="Free State of Lippe">Free State of Lippe</a> by the <a href="/wiki/British_occupation_zone_in_Germany" title="British occupation zone in Germany">British military administration</a> in <a href="/wiki/Allied-occupied_Germany" title="Allied-occupied Germany">Allied-occupied Germany</a> and became a state of the <a href="/wiki/West_Germany" title="West Germany">Federal Republic of Germany</a> in 1949. The city of <a href="/wiki/Bonn" title="Bonn">Bonn</a> served as the federal capital until the <a href="/wiki/Reunification_of_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Reunification of Germany">reunification of Germany</a> in 1990 and as the <a href="/wiki/Seat_of_government" title="Seat of government">seat of government</a> until 1999. </p><p>Culturally, North Rhine-Westphalia is not a uniform area; there are significant differences, especially in traditional customs, between the Rhineland region on the one hand and the regions of Westphalia and Lippe on the other. <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="Economy of North Rhine-Westphalia">Its economy</a> is the largest among <a href="/wiki/List_of_German_states_by_GRDP" title="List of German states by GRDP">German states by GRDP</a> but is below the national average <a href="/wiki/List_of_German_states_by_GRDP_per_capita" title="List of German states by GRDP per capita">in GRDP per capita</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_Rhine-Westphalia&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="History of North Rhine-Westphalia">History of North Rhine-Westphalia</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Creation">Creation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_Rhine-Westphalia&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Creation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Locator_map_North_Rhine-Westphalia_in_Germany.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Locator_map_North_Rhine-Westphalia_in_Germany.svg/220px-Locator_map_North_Rhine-Westphalia_in_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="298" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Locator_map_North_Rhine-Westphalia_in_Germany.svg/330px-Locator_map_North_Rhine-Westphalia_in_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Locator_map_North_Rhine-Westphalia_in_Germany.svg/440px-Locator_map_North_Rhine-Westphalia_in_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="592" data-file-height="801" /></a><figcaption>Additional map exhibiting the region</figcaption></figure> <p>The state of North Rhine-Westphalia was established by the <a href="/wiki/Allied-occupied_Germany" title="Allied-occupied Germany">British military administration</a>'s "Operation Marriage" on 23 August 1946 by merging the <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Westphalia" title="Province of Westphalia">province of Westphalia</a> and the northern parts of the <a href="/wiki/Rhine_Province" title="Rhine Province">Rhine Province</a>, both being political divisions of the former <a href="/wiki/State_of_Prussia" class="mw-redirect" title="State of Prussia">state of Prussia</a> within the <a href="/wiki/German_Reich" title="German Reich">German Reich</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-HistoryNRW_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HistoryNRW-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-DWNRW_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DWNRW-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 21 January 1947, the former state of <a href="/wiki/Lippe_(state)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lippe (state)">Lippe</a> was merged with North Rhine-Westphalia.<sup id="cite_ref-HistoryNRW_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HistoryNRW-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="Constitution of North Rhine-Westphalia">constitution of North Rhine-Westphalia</a> was then ratified through a <a href="/wiki/Referendum" title="Referendum">referendum</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rhineland">Rhineland</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_Rhine-Westphalia&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Rhineland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Rhineland" title="Rhineland">Rhineland</a></div> <p>The first written account of the area was by its conqueror, <a href="/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar">Julius Caesar</a>, the territories west of the Rhine were occupied by the <a href="/wiki/Eburones" title="Eburones">Eburones</a> and east of the Rhine he reported the <a href="/wiki/Ubii" title="Ubii">Ubii</a> (across from Cologne) and the <a href="/wiki/Sugambri" class="mw-redirect" title="Sugambri">Sugambri</a> to their north. The Ubii and some other Germanic tribes such as the <a href="/wiki/Cugerni" title="Cugerni">Cugerni</a> were later settled on the west side of the Rhine in the Roman province of <a href="/wiki/Germania_Inferior" title="Germania Inferior">Germania Inferior</a>. Julius Caesar conquered the tribes on the left bank, and Augustus established numerous fortified posts on the Rhine, but the Romans never succeeded in gaining a firm footing on the right bank, where the Sugambri neighboured several other tribes including the <a href="/wiki/Tencteri" title="Tencteri">Tencteri</a> and <a href="/wiki/Usipetes" title="Usipetes">Usipetes</a>. North of the Sigambri and the Rhine region were the <a href="/wiki/Bructeri" title="Bructeri">Bructeri</a>. </p><p>As the power of the Roman empire declined, many of these tribes came to be seen collectively as <a href="/wiki/Ripuarian_Franks" title="Ripuarian Franks">Ripuarian Franks</a> and they pushed forward along both banks of the Rhine, and by the end of the fifth century had conquered all the lands that had formerly been under Roman influence. By the eighth century, the Frankish dominion was firmly established in western Germany and northern Gaul, but at the same time, to the north, Westphalia was being taken over by <a href="/wiki/Saxons" title="Saxons">Saxons</a> pushing south. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Merovingians" class="mw-redirect" title="Merovingians">Merovingian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Carolingians" class="mw-redirect" title="Carolingians">Carolingian</a> Franks eventually built an empire which controlled first their Ripuarian kin, and then the Saxons. On the division of the <a href="/wiki/Carolingian_Empire" title="Carolingian Empire">Carolingian Empire</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Verdun" title="Treaty of Verdun">Treaty of Verdun</a>, the part of the province to the east of the river fell to <a href="/wiki/East_Francia" title="East Francia">East Francia</a>, while that to the west remained with the kingdom of <a href="/wiki/Lotharingia" title="Lotharingia">Lotharingia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-eb1911_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eb1911-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By the time of <a href="/wiki/Otto_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Otto I">Otto I</a> (d. 973), both banks of the Rhine had become part of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a>, and the Rhenish territory was divided between the duchies of <a href="/wiki/Upper_Lorraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Upper Lorraine">Upper Lorraine</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Moselle" title="Moselle">Moselle</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lower_Lorraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Lower Lorraine">Lower Lorraine</a> on the Meuse. The <a href="/wiki/Ottonian_dynasty" title="Ottonian dynasty">Ottonian dynasty</a> had both Saxon and Frankish ancestry. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1801_Cary_Map_of_Westphalia,_Germany_-_Geographicus_-_Westphalia-cary-1799.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/1801_Cary_Map_of_Westphalia%2C_Germany_-_Geographicus_-_Westphalia-cary-1799.jpg/220px-1801_Cary_Map_of_Westphalia%2C_Germany_-_Geographicus_-_Westphalia-cary-1799.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/1801_Cary_Map_of_Westphalia%2C_Germany_-_Geographicus_-_Westphalia-cary-1799.jpg/330px-1801_Cary_Map_of_Westphalia%2C_Germany_-_Geographicus_-_Westphalia-cary-1799.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/1801_Cary_Map_of_Westphalia%2C_Germany_-_Geographicus_-_Westphalia-cary-1799.jpg/440px-1801_Cary_Map_of_Westphalia%2C_Germany_-_Geographicus_-_Westphalia-cary-1799.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5000" data-file-height="4434" /></a><figcaption>Map of the <a href="/wiki/Lower_Rhenish%E2%80%93Westphalian_Circle" title="Lower Rhenish–Westphalian Circle">Lower Rhenish–Westphalian Circle</a> in 1799 by <a href="/wiki/John_Cary" title="John Cary">John Cary</a></figcaption></figure> <p>As the central power of the Holy Roman Emperor weakened, the Rhineland split into numerous small, independent, separate vicissitudes and special chronicles. The old Lotharingian divisions became obsolete, although the name survives for example in <a href="/wiki/Lorraine_(region)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lorraine (region)">Lorraine</a> in France, and throughout the Middle Ages and even into modern times, the nobility of these areas often sought to preserve the idea of a preeminent <a href="/wiki/Duke" title="Duke">duke</a> within Lotharingia, something claimed by the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Limburg" title="Duchy of Limburg">Dukes of Limburg</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Brabant" title="Duchy of Brabant">Dukes of Brabant</a>. Such struggles as the <a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Limburg_Succession" title="War of the Limburg Succession">War of the Limburg Succession</a> therefore continued to create military and political links between what is now Rhineland-Westphalia and neighbouring <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>. </p><p>In spite of its dismembered condition and the sufferings it underwent at the hands of its French neighbours in various periods of warfare, the Rhenish territory prospered greatly and stood in the foremost rank of German culture and progress. Aachen was the place of coronation of the German emperors, and the ecclesiastical principalities of the Rhine bulked largely in German history.<sup id="cite_ref-eb1911_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eb1911-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Prussia first set foot on the Rhine in 1609 by the occupation of the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Cleves" title="Duchy of Cleves">Duchy of Cleves</a> and about a century later <a href="/wiki/Prussian_Guelders" title="Prussian Guelders">Upper Guelders</a> and <a href="/wiki/Moers" title="Moers">Moers</a> also became Prussian. At the peace of Basel in 1795, the whole of the <a href="/wiki/Left_bank_of_the_Rhine" class="mw-redirect" title="Left bank of the Rhine">left bank of the Rhine</a> was resigned to France, and in 1806, the Rhenish princes all joined the <a href="/wiki/Confederation_of_the_Rhine" title="Confederation of the Rhine">Confederation of the Rhine</a>. </p><p>After the Congress of Vienna, Prussia was awarded the entire <a href="/wiki/Rhineland" title="Rhineland">Rhineland</a>, which included the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Berg" title="Grand Duchy of Berg">Grand Duchy of Berg</a>, the ecclesiastic electorates of <a href="/wiki/Electorate_of_Trier" title="Electorate of Trier">Trier</a> and <a href="/wiki/Electorate_of_Cologne" title="Electorate of Cologne">Cologne</a>, the free cities of <a href="/wiki/Aachen" title="Aachen">Aachen</a> and Cologne, and nearly a hundred small lordships and abbeys. The Prussian <a href="/wiki/Rhine_province" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhine province">Rhine province</a> was formed in 1822 and Prussia had the tact to leave the lower Rhenish districts in undisturbed possession of the liberal institutions to which they had become accustomed under the republican rule of the French.<sup id="cite_ref-eb1911_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eb1911-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1920, the districts of <a href="/wiki/Eupen" title="Eupen">Eupen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Malmedy" title="Malmedy">Malmedy</a> were transferred to Belgium (see <a href="/wiki/German-speaking_Community_of_Belgium" title="German-speaking Community of Belgium">German-speaking Community of Belgium</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Westphalia">Westphalia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_Rhine-Westphalia&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Westphalia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Westphalia" title="Westphalia">Westphalia</a></div> <p>Around AD 1, numerous incursions occurred through Westphalia and perhaps even some permanent <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Roman</a> or Romanized settlements. The <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Teutoburg_Forest" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Teutoburg Forest">Battle of Teutoburg Forest</a> took place near Osnabrück and some of the <a href="/wiki/Germanic_tribes" class="mw-redirect" title="Germanic tribes">Germanic tribes</a> who fought at this battle came from the area of Westphalia. <a href="/wiki/Charlemagne" title="Charlemagne">Charlemagne</a> is thought to have spent considerable time in <a href="/wiki/Paderborn" title="Paderborn">Paderborn</a> and nearby parts. His <a href="/wiki/Saxon_Wars" title="Saxon Wars">Saxon Wars</a> also partly took place in what is thought of as Westphalia today. Popular legends link his adversary <a href="/wiki/Widukind" title="Widukind">Widukind</a> to places near <a href="/wiki/Detmold" title="Detmold">Detmold</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bielefeld" title="Bielefeld">Bielefeld</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lemgo" title="Lemgo">Lemgo</a>, Osnabrück, and other places in Westphalia. Widukind was buried in <a href="/wiki/Enger" title="Enger">Enger</a>, which is also a subject of a legend. </p><p>Along with <a href="/wiki/Eastphalia" title="Eastphalia">Eastphalia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Engern" class="mw-redirect" title="Engern">Engern</a>, Westphalia (<i>Westfalahi</i>) was originally a district of the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Saxony" title="Duchy of Saxony">Duchy of Saxony</a>. In 1180, Westphalia was elevated to the rank of a duchy by Emperor <a href="/wiki/Frederick_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor">Barbarossa</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Westphalia" title="Duchy of Westphalia">Duchy of Westphalia</a> comprised only a small area south of the <a href="/wiki/Lippe_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Lippe River">Lippe River</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Westfaelischer_Friede_in_Muenster_(Gerard_Terborch_1648).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Westfaelischer_Friede_in_Muenster_%28Gerard_Terborch_1648%29.jpg/220px-Westfaelischer_Friede_in_Muenster_%28Gerard_Terborch_1648%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Westfaelischer_Friede_in_Muenster_%28Gerard_Terborch_1648%29.jpg/330px-Westfaelischer_Friede_in_Muenster_%28Gerard_Terborch_1648%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Westfaelischer_Friede_in_Muenster_%28Gerard_Terborch_1648%29.jpg/440px-Westfaelischer_Friede_in_Muenster_%28Gerard_Terborch_1648%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4649" /></a><figcaption>Ratification of the <a href="/wiki/Peace_of_Westphalia" title="Peace of Westphalia">Peace of Westphalia</a> of 1648 in <a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCnster" title="Münster">Münster</a> by Gerard Terborch</figcaption></figure> <p>Parts of Westphalia came under <a href="/wiki/Brandenburg-Prussia" class="mw-redirect" title="Brandenburg-Prussia">Brandenburg-Prussian</a> control during the 17th and 18th centuries, but most of it remained divided duchies and other feudal areas of power. The <a href="/wiki/Peace_of_Westphalia" title="Peace of Westphalia">Peace of Westphalia</a> of 1648, signed in Münster and Osnabrück, ended the <a href="/wiki/Thirty_Years%27_War" title="Thirty Years' War">Thirty Years' War</a>. The concept of nation-state sovereignty resulting from the treaty became known as "<a href="/wiki/Westphalian_sovereignty" class="mw-redirect" title="Westphalian sovereignty">Westphalian sovereignty</a>". </p><p>As a result of the <a href="/wiki/Protestant_Reformation" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant Reformation">Protestant Reformation</a>, there is no dominant religion in Westphalia. Catholicism and <a href="/wiki/Lutheranism" title="Lutheranism">Lutheranism</a> are on relatively equal footing. Lutheranism is strong in the eastern and northern parts with numerous free churches. <a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCnster" title="Münster">Münster</a> and especially <a href="/wiki/Paderborn" title="Paderborn">Paderborn</a> are thought of as Catholic. Osnabrück is divided almost equally between Catholicism and Protestantism. </p><p>After the defeat of the <a href="/wiki/Prussian_Army" title="Prussian Army">Prussian Army</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jena-Auerstedt" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Jena-Auerstedt">Battle of Jena-Auerstedt</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Treaties_of_Tilsit" title="Treaties of Tilsit">Treaty of Tilsit</a> in 1807 made the Westphalian territories part of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Westphalia" title="Kingdom of Westphalia">Kingdom of Westphalia</a> from 1807 to 1813. It was founded by <a href="/wiki/Napoleon_I_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Napoleon I of France">Napoleon</a> and was a <a href="/wiki/First_French_Empire" title="First French Empire">French</a> <a href="/wiki/Vassal_state" title="Vassal state">vassal state</a>. This state only shared the name with the historical region; it contained only a relatively small part of Westphalia, consisting instead mostly of <a href="/wiki/Hesse" title="Hesse">Hessian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eastphalia" title="Eastphalia">Eastphalian</a> regions. </p><p>After the <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Vienna" title="Congress of Vienna">Congress of Vienna</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Prussia" title="Kingdom of Prussia">Kingdom of Prussia</a> received a large amount of territory in the Westphalian region and created the <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Westphalia" title="Province of Westphalia">province of Westphalia</a> in 1815. The northernmost portions of the former kingdom, including the town of <a href="/wiki/Osnabr%C3%BCck" title="Osnabrück">Osnabrück</a>, had become part of the states of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hanover" title="Kingdom of Hanover">Hanover</a> and <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Oldenburg" title="Grand Duchy of Oldenburg">Oldenburg</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Flags_and_coat_of_arms">Flags and coat of arms</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_Rhine-Westphalia&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Flags and coat of arms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="Flag of North Rhine-Westphalia">flag of North Rhine-Westphalia</a> is green-white-red with the combined coats of arms of the <a href="/wiki/Rhineland" title="Rhineland">Rhineland</a> (white line before green background, symbolizing the river Rhine), <a href="/wiki/Westfalen" class="mw-redirect" title="Westfalen">Westfalen</a> (the white horse) and <a href="/wiki/Lippe" class="mw-redirect" title="Lippe">Lippe</a> (the red rose). After the establishment of North Rhine-Westphalia in 1946, the tricolor was first introduced in 1948, but was not formally adopted until 1953.<sup id="cite_ref-flag1953_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-flag1953-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The plain variant of the tricolor is considered the <a href="/wiki/Civil_flag" title="Civil flag">civil flag</a> and state ensign, while government authorities use the <a href="/wiki/State_flag" title="State flag">state flag</a> (<i>Landesdienstflagge</i>) which is defaced with the <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="Coat of arms of North Rhine-Westphalia">state's coat of arms</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-flag1953_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-flag1953-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The state ensign can easily be mistaken for a distressed <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Hungary" title="Flag of Hungary">flag of Hungary</a>, as well as the former national <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Iran" title="Flag of Iran">flag of Iran</a> (1964–1980). The same flag was used by the <a href="/wiki/Rhenish_Republic" title="Rhenish Republic">Rhenish Republic</a> (1923–1924) as a symbol of independence and freedom. </p><p>The horse on the coat of arms is a reference to the <a href="/wiki/Saxon_Steed" title="Saxon Steed">Saxon Steed</a>, a heraldic motif associated with both Westphalia and <a href="/wiki/Lower_Saxony" title="Lower Saxony">Lower Saxony</a>. The horse first featured in the 15th century coat of arms of the Duchy of Westphalia, before being inherited by the Prussian province of Westphalia and finally the modern state of North Rhine-Westphalia.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_Rhine-Westphalia&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:North_Rhine-Westphalia_Topography_08.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/North_Rhine-Westphalia_Topography_08.png/290px-North_Rhine-Westphalia_Topography_08.png" decoding="async" width="290" height="291" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/North_Rhine-Westphalia_Topography_08.png/435px-North_Rhine-Westphalia_Topography_08.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/North_Rhine-Westphalia_Topography_08.png/580px-North_Rhine-Westphalia_Topography_08.png 2x" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="2508" /></a><figcaption>Geographic map of North Rhine-Westphalia</figcaption></figure> <p>North Rhine-Westphalia encompasses the plains of the <a href="/wiki/Lower_Rhine" title="Lower Rhine">Lower Rhine</a> region and parts of the <a href="/wiki/Central_Uplands" title="Central Uplands">Central Uplands</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Die_Mittelgebirge" class="mw-redirect" title="Die Mittelgebirge">die Mittelgebirge</a></i>) up to the gorge of <a href="/wiki/Porta_Westfalica_(gorge)" title="Porta Westfalica (gorge)">Porta Westfalica</a>. The state covers an area of 34,083 km<sup>2</sup> (13,160 sq mi) and shares borders with <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a> (<a href="/wiki/Wallonia" title="Wallonia">Wallonia</a>) in the southwest and the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a> (<a href="/wiki/Limburg_(Netherlands)" title="Limburg (Netherlands)">Limburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gelderland" title="Gelderland">Gelderland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Overijssel" title="Overijssel">Overijssel</a>) in the west and northwest. It has borders with the German states of <a href="/wiki/Lower_Saxony" title="Lower Saxony">Lower Saxony</a> to the north and northeast, <a href="/wiki/Rhineland-Palatinate" title="Rhineland-Palatinate">Rhineland-Palatinate</a> to the south and <a href="/wiki/Hesse" title="Hesse">Hesse</a> to the southeast. </p><p>Approximately half of the state is located in the relative low-lying terrain of the <a href="/wiki/Westphalian_Lowland" title="Westphalian Lowland">Westphalian Lowland</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Rhineland" title="Rhineland">Rhineland</a>, both extending broadly into the <a href="/wiki/North_German_Plain" title="North German Plain">North German Plain</a>. A few isolated hill ranges are located within these lowlands, among them the Hohe Mark, the <a href="/wiki/Beckum_Hills" title="Beckum Hills">Beckum Hills</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Baumberge" title="Baumberge">Baumberge</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Stemweder_Berg" title="Stemweder Berg">Stemmer Berge</a>. <br /> The terrain rises towards the south and in the east of the state into parts of Germany's <a href="/wiki/Central_Uplands" title="Central Uplands">Central Uplands</a>. These hill ranges are the <a href="/wiki/Weser_Uplands" title="Weser Uplands">Weser Uplands</a> – including the <a href="/wiki/Egge_Hills" class="mw-redirect" title="Egge Hills">Egge Hills</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Wiehen_Hills" title="Wiehen Hills">Wiehen Hills</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Wesergebirge" title="Wesergebirge">Wesergebirge</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Teutoburg_Forest" title="Teutoburg Forest">Teutoburg Forest</a> in the east, the <a href="/wiki/Sauerland" title="Sauerland">Sauerland</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Bergisches_Land" title="Bergisches Land">Bergisches Land</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Siegerland" title="Siegerland">Siegerland</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Siebengebirge" title="Siebengebirge">Siebengebirge</a> in the south, as well as the left-Rhenish <a href="/wiki/Eifel" title="Eifel">Eifel</a> in the southwest of the state. The <a href="/wiki/Rothaargebirge" class="mw-redirect" title="Rothaargebirge">Rothaargebirge</a> in the border region with <a href="/wiki/Hesse" title="Hesse">Hesse</a> rises to height of about 800 m above sea level. The highest of these mountains are the <a href="/wiki/Langenberg_(Rothaargebirge)" class="mw-redirect" title="Langenberg (Rothaargebirge)">Langenberg</a>, at 843.2 m above sea level, the <a href="/wiki/Kahler_Asten" title="Kahler Asten">Kahler Asten</a> (840.7 m) and the Clemensberg (839.2 m). </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kahler_Asten_von_Norden.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Kahler_Asten_von_Norden.jpg/220px-Kahler_Asten_von_Norden.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Kahler_Asten_von_Norden.jpg/330px-Kahler_Asten_von_Norden.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Kahler_Asten_von_Norden.jpg/440px-Kahler_Asten_von_Norden.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4320" data-file-height="3240" /></a><figcaption>The highest peaks in North Rhine-Westphalia are located in the Rothaar Mountains.</figcaption></figure> <p>The planimetrically determined centre of North Rhine-Westphalia is located in the south of Dortmund-<a href="/wiki/Aplerbeck" title="Aplerbeck">Aplerbeck</a> in the Aplerbecker Mark (51° 28' N, 7° 33' Ö). Its westernmost point is situated near <a href="/wiki/Selfkant" title="Selfkant">Selfkant</a> close to the Dutch border, the easternmost near <a href="/wiki/H%C3%B6xter" title="Höxter">Höxter</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Weser" title="Weser">Weser</a>. The southernmost point lies near <a href="/wiki/Hellenthal" title="Hellenthal">Hellenthal</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Eifel" title="Eifel">Eifel</a> region. The northernmost point is the NRW-Nordpunkt near <a href="/wiki/Rahden" title="Rahden">Rahden</a> in the northeast of the state. The Nordpunkt has located the only 100 km to the south of the North Sea coast. The deepest natural dip is arranged in the district Zyfflich in the city of <a href="/wiki/Kranenburg,_North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="Kranenburg, North Rhine-Westphalia">Kranenburg</a> with 9.2 m above sea level in the northwest of the state. Though, the deepest point overground results from mining. The open-pit Hambach reaches at <a href="/wiki/Niederzier" title="Niederzier">Niederzier</a> a deep of 293 m below sea level. At the same time, this is the deepest human-made dip in Germany. </p><p>The most important rivers flowing at least partially through North Rhine-Westphalia include: the <a href="/wiki/Rhine" title="Rhine">Rhine</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Ruhr_(river)" title="Ruhr (river)">Ruhr</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Ems_(river)" title="Ems (river)">Ems</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Lippe_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Lippe River">Lippe</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Weser" title="Weser">Weser</a>. The Rhine is by far the most important river in North Rhine-Westphalia: it enters the state as <a href="/wiki/Middle_Rhine" title="Middle Rhine">Middle Rhine</a> near Bad Honnef, where still being part of the <a href="/wiki/Mittelrhein_(wine_region)" title="Mittelrhein (wine region)">Mittelrhein wine region</a>. It changes into the <a href="/wiki/Lower_Rhine" title="Lower Rhine">Lower Rhine</a> near Bad Godesberg and leaves North Rhine-Westphalia near Emmerich at a width of 730 metres. Almost immediately after entering the Netherlands, the Rhine splits into many branches. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Pader_(river)" title="Pader (river)">Pader</a>, which flows entirely within the city of <a href="/wiki/Paderborn" title="Paderborn">Paderborn</a>, is considered Germany's shortest river. </p><p>For many, North Rhine-Westphalia is synonymous with industrial areas and urban agglomerations. However, the largest part of the state is used for agriculture (almost 52%) and forests (25%).<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Subdivisions">Subdivisions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_Rhine-Westphalia&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Subdivisions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_places_in_North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="List of places in North Rhine-Westphalia">List of places in North Rhine-Westphalia</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Landesgrenze_zu_Nordrhein-Westfalen.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Landesgrenze_zu_Nordrhein-Westfalen.jpg/220px-Landesgrenze_zu_Nordrhein-Westfalen.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Landesgrenze_zu_Nordrhein-Westfalen.jpg/330px-Landesgrenze_zu_Nordrhein-Westfalen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Landesgrenze_zu_Nordrhein-Westfalen.jpg/440px-Landesgrenze_zu_Nordrhein-Westfalen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>State border with North Rhine-Westphalia near <a href="/wiki/Warburg" title="Warburg">Warburg</a>; in the background the <a href="/wiki/Desenberg" title="Desenberg">Desenberg</a>, with 345 m landmark and highest point in the Warburger Börde near the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Border_triangle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Border triangle (page does not exist)">border triangle</a> NRW - <a href="/wiki/Hesse" title="Hesse">Hesse</a> - <a href="/wiki/Lower_Saxony" title="Lower Saxony">Lower Saxony</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The state consists of five <a href="/wiki/Regierungsbezirk" title="Regierungsbezirk">government regions</a> (<i>Regierungsbezirke</i>), divided into 31 districts (<i><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Germany" title="Districts of Germany">Kreise</a></i>) and 23 <a href="/wiki/Urban_districts_of_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Urban districts of Germany">urban districts</a> (<i>kreisfreie Städte</i>). In total, North Rhine-Westphalia has 396 municipalities (1997), including the urban districts, which are municipalities by themselves. The government regions have an assembly elected by the districts and municipalities, while the <i>Landschaftsverband</i> has a directly elected assembly. </p><p>The five government regions of North Rhine-Westphalia each belong to one of the two <i><a href="/wiki/States_of_Germany#Area_associations_(Landschaftsverbände)" title="States of Germany">Landschaftsverbände</a></i>: </p> <table class="wikitable" style="clear: both"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"> <th colspan="3"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">Landschaftsverband</span> <a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landschaftsverband_Rheinland" class="extiw" title="de:Landschaftsverband Rheinland">Rhineland</a> </th> <th colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">Landschaftsverband</span> <a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landschaftsverband_Westfalen-Lippe" class="extiw" title="de:Landschaftsverband Westfalen-Lippe">Westfalen-Lippe</a> </th> <td rowspan="5" style="font-size:88%"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:North_rhine_w_Landschaftsverb%C3%A4nde.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/North_rhine_w_Landschaftsverb%C3%A4nde.svg/300px-North_rhine_w_Landschaftsverb%C3%A4nde.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/North_rhine_w_Landschaftsverb%C3%A4nde.svg/450px-North_rhine_w_Landschaftsverb%C3%A4nde.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/North_rhine_w_Landschaftsverb%C3%A4nde.svg/600px-North_rhine_w_Landschaftsverb%C3%A4nde.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="660" data-file-height="660" /></a></span> <br />The <a href="/wiki/States_of_Germany#Area_associations_(Landschaftsverbände)" title="States of Germany">regional authorities</a> <a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landschaftsverband_Rheinland" class="extiw" title="de:Landschaftsverband Rheinland">Rhineland</a> (green) and <br /><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landschaftsverband_Westfalen-Lippe" class="extiw" title="de:Landschaftsverband Westfalen-Lippe">Westphalia-Lippe</a> (red) </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Regierungsbezirk" title="Regierungsbezirk">Government districts</a> <br /><small>(Regierungsbezirke)</small></td> <td style="text-align:center">historical regions</td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Regierungsbezirk" title="Regierungsbezirk">Government districts</a> <br /><small>(Regierungsbezirke)</small></td> <td style="text-align:center">historical regions </td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center"><b><a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf_(region)" title="Düsseldorf (region)">Düsseldorf</a></b></td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:RB_D%C3%BCsseldorf.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Regierungsbezirk Düsseldorf"><img alt="Regierungsbezirk Düsseldorf" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/RB_D%C3%BCsseldorf.svg/60px-RB_D%C3%BCsseldorf.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/RB_D%C3%BCsseldorf.svg/90px-RB_D%C3%BCsseldorf.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/RB_D%C3%BCsseldorf.svg/120px-RB_D%C3%BCsseldorf.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="592" data-file-height="584" /></a><figcaption>Regierungsbezirk Düsseldorf</figcaption></figure></td> <td style="vertical-align:top;" rowspan="3"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rhineland" title="Rhineland">Rhineland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bergisches_Land" title="Bergisches Land">Bergisches Land</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eifel" title="Eifel">Eifel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aachen" title="Aachen">Aachen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lower_Rhine" title="Lower Rhine">Lower Rhine</a></li> <li>Rheinschiene</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cologne/Bonn_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Cologne/Bonn region">Cologne/Bonn</a></li></ul></li></ul> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center"><b><a href="/wiki/Arnsberg_(region)" title="Arnsberg (region)">Arnsberg</a></b></td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NRW_rbarnsberg_grey.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Regierungsbezirk Arnsberg"><img alt="Regierungsbezirk Arnsberg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/NRW_rbarnsberg_grey.png/60px-NRW_rbarnsberg_grey.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/NRW_rbarnsberg_grey.png/90px-NRW_rbarnsberg_grey.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/NRW_rbarnsberg_grey.png/120px-NRW_rbarnsberg_grey.png 2x" data-file-width="593" data-file-height="585" /></a><figcaption>Regierungsbezirk Arnsberg</figcaption></figure></td> <td style="vertical-align:top;" rowspan="3"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Westphalia" title="Westphalia">Westphalia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCnster_(region)" title="Münster (region)">Münsterland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minden-Ravensberg" title="Minden-Ravensberg">Minden-Ravensberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince-Bishopric_of_Paderborn" title="Prince-Bishopric of Paderborn">Prince-Bishopric Paderborn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sauerland" title="Sauerland">Sauerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siegerland" title="Siegerland">Siegerland</a></li> <li>Tecklenburger Land</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lippe" class="mw-redirect" title="Lippe">Lippe</a> <ul><li>Lipper Land, the region <br />of the ancient free state</li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center"><b><a href="/wiki/Cologne_(region)" title="Cologne (region)">Köln</a></b></td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NRW_rbkoeln_grey.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Regierungsbezirk Köln"><img alt="Regierungsbezirk Köln" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/NRW_rbkoeln_grey.png/60px-NRW_rbkoeln_grey.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/NRW_rbkoeln_grey.png/90px-NRW_rbkoeln_grey.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/NRW_rbkoeln_grey.png/120px-NRW_rbkoeln_grey.png 2x" data-file-width="593" data-file-height="585" /></a><figcaption>Regierungsbezirk Köln</figcaption></figure></td> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center"><b><a href="/wiki/Detmold_(region)" title="Detmold (region)">Detmold</a></b></td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:RB_Detmold.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Regierungsbezirk Detmold"><img alt="Regierungsbezirk Detmold" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/RB_Detmold.svg/60px-RB_Detmold.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/RB_Detmold.svg/90px-RB_Detmold.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/RB_Detmold.svg/120px-RB_Detmold.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="592" data-file-height="584" /></a><figcaption>Regierungsbezirk Detmold</figcaption></figure> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td></td> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center"><b><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCnster_(region)" title="Münster (region)">Münster</a></b></td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NRW_rbmuenster_grey.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Regierungsbezirk Münster"><img alt="Regierungsbezirk Münster" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/NRW_rbmuenster_grey.png/60px-NRW_rbmuenster_grey.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/NRW_rbmuenster_grey.png/90px-NRW_rbmuenster_grey.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/NRW_rbmuenster_grey.png/120px-NRW_rbmuenster_grey.png 2x" data-file-width="593" data-file-height="585" /></a><figcaption>Regierungsbezirk Münster</figcaption></figure> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Rural Districts <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">(Kreise)</span></th> <th>Urban Districts <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">(Kreisfreie Städte)</span> </th> <td rowspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NRW_districts.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/NRW_districts.png/300px-NRW_districts.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="296" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/NRW_districts.png/450px-NRW_districts.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/NRW_districts.png/600px-NRW_districts.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="789" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top"> <ol><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DEU_Staedteregion_Aachen_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/DEU_Staedteregion_Aachen_COA.svg/20px-DEU_Staedteregion_Aachen_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/DEU_Staedteregion_Aachen_COA.svg/30px-DEU_Staedteregion_Aachen_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/DEU_Staedteregion_Aachen_COA.svg/40px-DEU_Staedteregion_Aachen_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="590" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Aachen_(district)" title="Aachen (district)">Aachen Städteregion</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DEU_Kreis_Borken_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/DEU_Kreis_Borken_COA.svg/20px-DEU_Kreis_Borken_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/DEU_Kreis_Borken_COA.svg/30px-DEU_Kreis_Borken_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/DEU_Kreis_Borken_COA.svg/40px-DEU_Kreis_Borken_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="460" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Borken_(district)" title="Borken (district)">Borken</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DEU_Kreis_Coesfeld_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/DEU_Kreis_Coesfeld_COA.svg/20px-DEU_Kreis_Coesfeld_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/DEU_Kreis_Coesfeld_COA.svg/30px-DEU_Kreis_Coesfeld_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/DEU_Kreis_Coesfeld_COA.svg/40px-DEU_Kreis_Coesfeld_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="462" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Coesfeld_(district)" title="Coesfeld (district)">Coesfeld</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DEU_Kreis_D%C3%BCren_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/DEU_Kreis_D%C3%BCren_COA.svg/20px-DEU_Kreis_D%C3%BCren_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/DEU_Kreis_D%C3%BCren_COA.svg/30px-DEU_Kreis_D%C3%BCren_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/DEU_Kreis_D%C3%BCren_COA.svg/40px-DEU_Kreis_D%C3%BCren_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="661" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCren_(district)" title="Düren (district)">Düren</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DEU_Ennepe-Ruhr-Kreis_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/DEU_Ennepe-Ruhr-Kreis_COA.svg/20px-DEU_Ennepe-Ruhr-Kreis_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/DEU_Ennepe-Ruhr-Kreis_COA.svg/30px-DEU_Ennepe-Ruhr-Kreis_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/DEU_Ennepe-Ruhr-Kreis_COA.svg/40px-DEU_Ennepe-Ruhr-Kreis_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="402" data-file-height="484" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Ennepe-Ruhr-Kreis" title="Ennepe-Ruhr-Kreis">Ennepe-Ruhr-Kreis</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DEU_Rhein-Erft-Kreis_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/DEU_Rhein-Erft-Kreis_COA.svg/20px-DEU_Rhein-Erft-Kreis_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/DEU_Rhein-Erft-Kreis_COA.svg/30px-DEU_Rhein-Erft-Kreis_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/DEU_Rhein-Erft-Kreis_COA.svg/40px-DEU_Rhein-Erft-Kreis_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="586" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Rhein-Erft-Kreis" title="Rhein-Erft-Kreis">Rhein-Erft-Kreis</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DEU_Kreis_Euskirchen_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/DEU_Kreis_Euskirchen_COA.svg/20px-DEU_Kreis_Euskirchen_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/DEU_Kreis_Euskirchen_COA.svg/30px-DEU_Kreis_Euskirchen_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/DEU_Kreis_Euskirchen_COA.svg/40px-DEU_Kreis_Euskirchen_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="517" data-file-height="632" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Euskirchen_(district)" title="Euskirchen (district)">Euskirchen</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DEU_Kreis_G%C3%BCtersloh_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/DEU_Kreis_G%C3%BCtersloh_COA.svg/20px-DEU_Kreis_G%C3%BCtersloh_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/DEU_Kreis_G%C3%BCtersloh_COA.svg/30px-DEU_Kreis_G%C3%BCtersloh_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/DEU_Kreis_G%C3%BCtersloh_COA.svg/40px-DEU_Kreis_G%C3%BCtersloh_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="489" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCtersloh_(district)" title="Gütersloh (district)">Gütersloh</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DEU_Kreis_Heinsberg_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/DEU_Kreis_Heinsberg_COA.svg/20px-DEU_Kreis_Heinsberg_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/DEU_Kreis_Heinsberg_COA.svg/30px-DEU_Kreis_Heinsberg_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/DEU_Kreis_Heinsberg_COA.svg/40px-DEU_Kreis_Heinsberg_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="378" data-file-height="459" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Heinsberg_(district)" title="Heinsberg (district)">Heinsberg</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DEU_Kreis_Herford_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/DEU_Kreis_Herford_COA.svg/20px-DEU_Kreis_Herford_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/DEU_Kreis_Herford_COA.svg/30px-DEU_Kreis_Herford_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/DEU_Kreis_Herford_COA.svg/40px-DEU_Kreis_Herford_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="642" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Herford_(district)" title="Herford (district)">Herford</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DEU_Hochsauerlandkreis_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/DEU_Hochsauerlandkreis_COA.svg/20px-DEU_Hochsauerlandkreis_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/DEU_Hochsauerlandkreis_COA.svg/30px-DEU_Hochsauerlandkreis_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/DEU_Hochsauerlandkreis_COA.svg/40px-DEU_Hochsauerlandkreis_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="719" data-file-height="835" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Hochsauerland" class="mw-redirect" title="Hochsauerland">Hochsauerlandkreis</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DEU_Kreis_H%C3%B6xter_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/DEU_Kreis_H%C3%B6xter_COA.svg/20px-DEU_Kreis_H%C3%B6xter_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/DEU_Kreis_H%C3%B6xter_COA.svg/30px-DEU_Kreis_H%C3%B6xter_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/DEU_Kreis_H%C3%B6xter_COA.svg/40px-DEU_Kreis_H%C3%B6xter_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="405" data-file-height="466" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/H%C3%B6xter_(district)" title="Höxter (district)">Höxter</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DEU_Kreis_Kleve_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/DEU_Kreis_Kleve_COA.svg/20px-DEU_Kreis_Kleve_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/DEU_Kreis_Kleve_COA.svg/30px-DEU_Kreis_Kleve_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/DEU_Kreis_Kleve_COA.svg/40px-DEU_Kreis_Kleve_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="412" data-file-height="472" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Cleves_(district)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cleves (district)">Kleve</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DEU_Kreis_Lippe_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/DEU_Kreis_Lippe_COA.svg/20px-DEU_Kreis_Lippe_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/DEU_Kreis_Lippe_COA.svg/30px-DEU_Kreis_Lippe_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/DEU_Kreis_Lippe_COA.svg/40px-DEU_Kreis_Lippe_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="553" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Lippe" class="mw-redirect" title="Lippe">Lippe</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DEU_M%C3%A4rkischer_Kreis_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/DEU_M%C3%A4rkischer_Kreis_COA.svg/20px-DEU_M%C3%A4rkischer_Kreis_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/DEU_M%C3%A4rkischer_Kreis_COA.svg/30px-DEU_M%C3%A4rkischer_Kreis_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/DEU_M%C3%A4rkischer_Kreis_COA.svg/40px-DEU_M%C3%A4rkischer_Kreis_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="647" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A4rkischer_Kreis" title="Märkischer Kreis">Märkischer Kreis</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DEU_Kreis_Mettmann_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/DEU_Kreis_Mettmann_COA.svg/20px-DEU_Kreis_Mettmann_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/DEU_Kreis_Mettmann_COA.svg/30px-DEU_Kreis_Mettmann_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/DEU_Kreis_Mettmann_COA.svg/40px-DEU_Kreis_Mettmann_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="652" data-file-height="661" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Mettmann_(district)" title="Mettmann (district)">Mettmann</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DEU_Kreis_Minden-Luebbecke_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/DEU_Kreis_Minden-Luebbecke_COA.svg/20px-DEU_Kreis_Minden-Luebbecke_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/DEU_Kreis_Minden-Luebbecke_COA.svg/30px-DEU_Kreis_Minden-Luebbecke_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/DEU_Kreis_Minden-Luebbecke_COA.svg/40px-DEU_Kreis_Minden-Luebbecke_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="412" data-file-height="472" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Minden-L%C3%BCbbecke" title="Minden-Lübbecke">Minden-Lübbecke</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DEU_Rhein-Kreis_Neuss_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/DEU_Rhein-Kreis_Neuss_COA.svg/20px-DEU_Rhein-Kreis_Neuss_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/DEU_Rhein-Kreis_Neuss_COA.svg/30px-DEU_Rhein-Kreis_Neuss_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/DEU_Rhein-Kreis_Neuss_COA.svg/40px-DEU_Rhein-Kreis_Neuss_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="476" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Rhein-Kreis_Neuss" title="Rhein-Kreis Neuss">Rhein-Kreis Neuss</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DEU_Oberbergischer_Kreis_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/DEU_Oberbergischer_Kreis_COA.svg/20px-DEU_Oberbergischer_Kreis_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/DEU_Oberbergischer_Kreis_COA.svg/30px-DEU_Oberbergischer_Kreis_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/DEU_Oberbergischer_Kreis_COA.svg/40px-DEU_Oberbergischer_Kreis_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="536" data-file-height="619" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Oberbergischer_Kreis" title="Oberbergischer Kreis">Oberbergischer Kreis</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DEU_Kreis_Olpe_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/DEU_Kreis_Olpe_COA.svg/20px-DEU_Kreis_Olpe_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/DEU_Kreis_Olpe_COA.svg/30px-DEU_Kreis_Olpe_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/DEU_Kreis_Olpe_COA.svg/40px-DEU_Kreis_Olpe_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="719" data-file-height="860" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Olpe_(district)" title="Olpe (district)">Olpe</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DEU_Kreis_Paderborn_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/DEU_Kreis_Paderborn_COA.svg/20px-DEU_Kreis_Paderborn_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/DEU_Kreis_Paderborn_COA.svg/30px-DEU_Kreis_Paderborn_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/DEU_Kreis_Paderborn_COA.svg/40px-DEU_Kreis_Paderborn_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="589" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Paderborn_(district)" title="Paderborn (district)">Paderborn</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DEU_Kreis_Recklinghausen_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/DEU_Kreis_Recklinghausen_COA.svg/20px-DEU_Kreis_Recklinghausen_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/DEU_Kreis_Recklinghausen_COA.svg/30px-DEU_Kreis_Recklinghausen_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/DEU_Kreis_Recklinghausen_COA.svg/40px-DEU_Kreis_Recklinghausen_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="730" data-file-height="862" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Recklinghausen_(district)" title="Recklinghausen (district)">Recklinghausen</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DEU_Rheinisch-Bergischer_Kreis_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/DEU_Rheinisch-Bergischer_Kreis_COA.svg/20px-DEU_Rheinisch-Bergischer_Kreis_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/DEU_Rheinisch-Bergischer_Kreis_COA.svg/30px-DEU_Rheinisch-Bergischer_Kreis_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/DEU_Rheinisch-Bergischer_Kreis_COA.svg/40px-DEU_Rheinisch-Bergischer_Kreis_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="482" data-file-height="527" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Rheinisch-Bergischer_Kreis" title="Rheinisch-Bergischer Kreis">Rheinisch-<wbr />Bergischer Kreis</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DEU_Rhein-Sieg-Kreis_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/DEU_Rhein-Sieg-Kreis_COA.svg/20px-DEU_Rhein-Sieg-Kreis_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/DEU_Rhein-Sieg-Kreis_COA.svg/30px-DEU_Rhein-Sieg-Kreis_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/DEU_Rhein-Sieg-Kreis_COA.svg/40px-DEU_Rhein-Sieg-Kreis_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="598" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Rhein-Sieg-Kreis" title="Rhein-Sieg-Kreis">Rhein-Sieg-Kreis</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DEU_Kreis_Siegen-Wittgenstein_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/DEU_Kreis_Siegen-Wittgenstein_COA.svg/20px-DEU_Kreis_Siegen-Wittgenstein_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/DEU_Kreis_Siegen-Wittgenstein_COA.svg/30px-DEU_Kreis_Siegen-Wittgenstein_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/DEU_Kreis_Siegen-Wittgenstein_COA.svg/40px-DEU_Kreis_Siegen-Wittgenstein_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="630" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Siegen-Wittgenstein" title="Siegen-Wittgenstein">Siegen-Wittgenstein</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DEU_Kreis_Soest_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/DEU_Kreis_Soest_COA.svg/20px-DEU_Kreis_Soest_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/DEU_Kreis_Soest_COA.svg/30px-DEU_Kreis_Soest_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/DEU_Kreis_Soest_COA.svg/40px-DEU_Kreis_Soest_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="412" data-file-height="472" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Soest_(district)" title="Soest (district)">Soest</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DEU_Kreis_Steinfurt_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/DEU_Kreis_Steinfurt_COA.svg/20px-DEU_Kreis_Steinfurt_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/DEU_Kreis_Steinfurt_COA.svg/30px-DEU_Kreis_Steinfurt_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/DEU_Kreis_Steinfurt_COA.svg/40px-DEU_Kreis_Steinfurt_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="631" data-file-height="817" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Steinfurt_(district)" title="Steinfurt (district)">Steinfurt</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wappen_Kreis_Unna.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Wappen_Kreis_Unna.svg/20px-Wappen_Kreis_Unna.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Wappen_Kreis_Unna.svg/30px-Wappen_Kreis_Unna.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Wappen_Kreis_Unna.svg/40px-Wappen_Kreis_Unna.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="719" data-file-height="826" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Unna_(district)" title="Unna (district)">Unna</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DEU_Kreis_Viersen_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/DEU_Kreis_Viersen_COA.svg/20px-DEU_Kreis_Viersen_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/DEU_Kreis_Viersen_COA.svg/30px-DEU_Kreis_Viersen_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/DEU_Kreis_Viersen_COA.svg/40px-DEU_Kreis_Viersen_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="542" data-file-height="539" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Viersen_(district)" title="Viersen (district)">Viersen</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DEU_Kreis_Warendorf_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/DEU_Kreis_Warendorf_COA.svg/20px-DEU_Kreis_Warendorf_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/DEU_Kreis_Warendorf_COA.svg/30px-DEU_Kreis_Warendorf_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/DEU_Kreis_Warendorf_COA.svg/40px-DEU_Kreis_Warendorf_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="327" data-file-height="406" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Warendorf_(district)" title="Warendorf (district)">Warendorf</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DEU_Kreis_Wesel_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/DEU_Kreis_Wesel_COA.svg/20px-DEU_Kreis_Wesel_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/DEU_Kreis_Wesel_COA.svg/30px-DEU_Kreis_Wesel_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/DEU_Kreis_Wesel_COA.svg/40px-DEU_Kreis_Wesel_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Wesel_(district)" title="Wesel (district)">Wesel</a></li></ol> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top"> <ol><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Stadtwappen_der_kreisfreien_Stadt_Aachen.svg/20px-Stadtwappen_der_kreisfreien_Stadt_Aachen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Stadtwappen_der_kreisfreien_Stadt_Aachen.svg/30px-Stadtwappen_der_kreisfreien_Stadt_Aachen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Stadtwappen_der_kreisfreien_Stadt_Aachen.svg/40px-Stadtwappen_der_kreisfreien_Stadt_Aachen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Aachen" title="Aachen">Aachen</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DEU_Bielefeld_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/DEU_Bielefeld_COA.svg/20px-DEU_Bielefeld_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/DEU_Bielefeld_COA.svg/30px-DEU_Bielefeld_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/DEU_Bielefeld_COA.svg/40px-DEU_Bielefeld_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="700" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Bielefeld" title="Bielefeld">Bielefeld</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/DEU_Bochum_COA.svg/20px-DEU_Bochum_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/DEU_Bochum_COA.svg/30px-DEU_Bochum_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/DEU_Bochum_COA.svg/40px-DEU_Bochum_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="335" data-file-height="398" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Bochum" title="Bochum">Bochum</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/DEU_Bonn_COA.svg/20px-DEU_Bonn_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/DEU_Bonn_COA.svg/30px-DEU_Bonn_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/DEU_Bonn_COA.svg/40px-DEU_Bonn_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="572" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Bonn" title="Bonn">Bonn</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DEU_Bottrop_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/DEU_Bottrop_COA.svg/20px-DEU_Bottrop_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/DEU_Bottrop_COA.svg/30px-DEU_Bottrop_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/DEU_Bottrop_COA.svg/40px-DEU_Bottrop_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="575" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Bottrop" title="Bottrop">Bottrop</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/DEU_Dortmund_COA.svg/20px-DEU_Dortmund_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/DEU_Dortmund_COA.svg/30px-DEU_Dortmund_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/DEU_Dortmund_COA.svg/40px-DEU_Dortmund_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Dortmund" title="Dortmund">Dortmund</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/DEU_Duisburg_COA.svg/20px-DEU_Duisburg_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/DEU_Duisburg_COA.svg/30px-DEU_Duisburg_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/DEU_Duisburg_COA.svg/40px-DEU_Duisburg_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="559" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Duisburg" title="Duisburg">Duisburg</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/DEU_D%C3%BCsseldorf_COA.svg/20px-DEU_D%C3%BCsseldorf_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/DEU_D%C3%BCsseldorf_COA.svg/30px-DEU_D%C3%BCsseldorf_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/DEU_D%C3%BCsseldorf_COA.svg/40px-DEU_D%C3%BCsseldorf_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="688" data-file-height="816" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf">Düsseldorf</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/DEU_Essen_COA.svg/20px-DEU_Essen_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/DEU_Essen_COA.svg/30px-DEU_Essen_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/DEU_Essen_COA.svg/40px-DEU_Essen_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="774" data-file-height="719" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Essen" title="Essen">Essen</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DEU_Gelsenkirchen_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/DEU_Gelsenkirchen_COA.svg/20px-DEU_Gelsenkirchen_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/DEU_Gelsenkirchen_COA.svg/30px-DEU_Gelsenkirchen_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/DEU_Gelsenkirchen_COA.svg/40px-DEU_Gelsenkirchen_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="398" data-file-height="513" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Gelsenkirchen" title="Gelsenkirchen">Gelsenkirchen</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Stadtwappen_der_kreisfreien_Stadt_Hagen.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Stadtwappen_der_kreisfreien_Stadt_Hagen.png/20px-Stadtwappen_der_kreisfreien_Stadt_Hagen.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Stadtwappen_der_kreisfreien_Stadt_Hagen.png/30px-Stadtwappen_der_kreisfreien_Stadt_Hagen.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Stadtwappen_der_kreisfreien_Stadt_Hagen.png/40px-Stadtwappen_der_kreisfreien_Stadt_Hagen.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="208" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Hagen" title="Hagen">Hagen</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DEU_Hamm_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/DEU_Hamm_COA.svg/20px-DEU_Hamm_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/DEU_Hamm_COA.svg/30px-DEU_Hamm_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/DEU_Hamm_COA.svg/40px-DEU_Hamm_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="404" data-file-height="485" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Hamm,_North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="Hamm, North Rhine-Westphalia">Hamm</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DEU_Herne_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/DEU_Herne_COA.svg/20px-DEU_Herne_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/DEU_Herne_COA.svg/30px-DEU_Herne_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/DEU_Herne_COA.svg/40px-DEU_Herne_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="98" data-file-height="116" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Herne,_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Herne, Germany">Herne</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Wappen_Koeln.svg/20px-Wappen_Koeln.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Wappen_Koeln.svg/30px-Wappen_Koeln.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Wappen_Koeln.svg/40px-Wappen_Koeln.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="482" data-file-height="579" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Cologne" title="Cologne">Cologne</a> / Köln</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DEU_Krefeld_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/DEU_Krefeld_COA.svg/20px-DEU_Krefeld_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/DEU_Krefeld_COA.svg/30px-DEU_Krefeld_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/DEU_Krefeld_COA.svg/40px-DEU_Krefeld_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="558" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Krefeld" title="Krefeld">Krefeld</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DEU_Leverkusen_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/DEU_Leverkusen_COA.svg/20px-DEU_Leverkusen_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/DEU_Leverkusen_COA.svg/30px-DEU_Leverkusen_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/DEU_Leverkusen_COA.svg/40px-DEU_Leverkusen_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="452" data-file-height="522" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Leverkusen" title="Leverkusen">Leverkusen</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/DEU_Moenchengladbach_COA.svg/20px-DEU_Moenchengladbach_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/DEU_Moenchengladbach_COA.svg/30px-DEU_Moenchengladbach_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/DEU_Moenchengladbach_COA.svg/40px-DEU_Moenchengladbach_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="404" data-file-height="506" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/M%C3%B6nchengladbach" title="Mönchengladbach">Mönchengladbach</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DEU_M%C3%BClheim_an_der_Ruhr_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/DEU_M%C3%BClheim_an_der_Ruhr_COA.svg/20px-DEU_M%C3%BClheim_an_der_Ruhr_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/DEU_M%C3%BClheim_an_der_Ruhr_COA.svg/30px-DEU_M%C3%BClheim_an_der_Ruhr_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/DEU_M%C3%BClheim_an_der_Ruhr_COA.svg/40px-DEU_M%C3%BClheim_an_der_Ruhr_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="344" data-file-height="555" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/M%C3%BClheim" title="Mülheim">Mülheim</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Wappen_M%C3%BCnster_Westfalen.svg/20px-Wappen_M%C3%BCnster_Westfalen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Wappen_M%C3%BCnster_Westfalen.svg/30px-Wappen_M%C3%BCnster_Westfalen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Wappen_M%C3%BCnster_Westfalen.svg/40px-Wappen_M%C3%BCnster_Westfalen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="675" data-file-height="706" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCnster" title="Münster">Münster</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DEU_Oberhausen_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/DEU_Oberhausen_COA.svg/20px-DEU_Oberhausen_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/DEU_Oberhausen_COA.svg/30px-DEU_Oberhausen_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/DEU_Oberhausen_COA.svg/40px-DEU_Oberhausen_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="390" data-file-height="592" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Oberhausen" title="Oberhausen">Oberhausen</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DEU_Remscheid_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/DEU_Remscheid_COA.svg/20px-DEU_Remscheid_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/DEU_Remscheid_COA.svg/30px-DEU_Remscheid_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/DEU_Remscheid_COA.svg/40px-DEU_Remscheid_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="605" data-file-height="700" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Remscheid" title="Remscheid">Remscheid</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DEU_Solingen_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/DEU_Solingen_COA.svg/20px-DEU_Solingen_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/DEU_Solingen_COA.svg/30px-DEU_Solingen_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/DEU_Solingen_COA.svg/40px-DEU_Solingen_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="415" data-file-height="592" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Solingen" title="Solingen">Solingen</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/DEU_Wuppertal_COA.svg/20px-DEU_Wuppertal_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/DEU_Wuppertal_COA.svg/30px-DEU_Wuppertal_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/DEU_Wuppertal_COA.svg/40px-DEU_Wuppertal_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="544" data-file-height="597" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Wuppertal" title="Wuppertal">Wuppertal</a></li></ol> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Borders">Borders</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_Rhine-Westphalia&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Borders"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The state's area covers a maximum distance of 291 km from north to south, and 266 km from east to west. The total length of the state's borders is 1,645 km. The following countries and states have a border with North Rhine-Westphalia:<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a> (99 km)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a> (387 km)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lower_Saxony" title="Lower Saxony">Lower Saxony</a> (583 km)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hesse" title="Hesse">Hesse</a> (269 km)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhineland-Palatinate" title="Rhineland-Palatinate">Rhineland-Palatinate</a> (307 km)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_Rhine-Westphalia&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_North_Rhine-Westphalia_by_population" title="List of cities in North Rhine-Westphalia by population">List of cities in North Rhine-Westphalia by population</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stadtbild_K%C3%B6ln_(50MP).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Stadtbild_K%C3%B6ln_%2850MP%29.jpg/220px-Stadtbild_K%C3%B6ln_%2850MP%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Stadtbild_K%C3%B6ln_%2850MP%29.jpg/330px-Stadtbild_K%C3%B6ln_%2850MP%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Stadtbild_K%C3%B6ln_%2850MP%29.jpg/440px-Stadtbild_K%C3%B6ln_%2850MP%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8296" data-file-height="6028" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Cologne" title="Cologne">Cologne</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:D%C3%BCsseldorf-Altstadt.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/D%C3%BCsseldorf-Altstadt.png/220px-D%C3%BCsseldorf-Altstadt.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/D%C3%BCsseldorf-Altstadt.png/330px-D%C3%BCsseldorf-Altstadt.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/D%C3%BCsseldorf-Altstadt.png/440px-D%C3%BCsseldorf-Altstadt.png 2x" data-file-width="1620" data-file-height="628" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf">Düsseldorf</a></figcaption></figure> <p>North Rhine-Westphalia has a population of approximately 18.1 million inhabitants (more than the entire <a href="/wiki/Former_East_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Former East Germany">former East Germany</a>, and slightly more than the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>) and is centred around the polycentric <a href="/wiki/Rhine-Ruhr" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhine-Ruhr">Rhine-Ruhr</a> <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_regions_in_Germany" title="Metropolitan regions in Germany">metropolitan region</a>, which includes the industrial <a href="/wiki/Ruhr" title="Ruhr">Ruhr</a> region with the largest city of <a href="/wiki/Dortmund" title="Dortmund">Dortmund</a> and the Rhenish cities of <a href="/wiki/Bonn" title="Bonn">Bonn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cologne" title="Cologne">Cologne</a> and <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf">Düsseldorf</a>. 30 of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Germany_with_more_than_100,000_inhabitants" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in Germany with more than 100,000 inhabitants">80 largest cities in Germany</a> are located within North Rhine-Westphalia. The state's capital is Düsseldorf; the state's largest city is Cologne. In 2022, there were 164,496 births and 234,176 deaths. </p> <table class="wikitable floatright" style="max-width: 22em"> <caption>Significant foreign resident populations<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Nationality</th> <th>Population (2022)</th> <th>Population (2023) </th></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></td> <td>487,145</td> <td>492,460 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a></td> <td>271,275</td> <td>286,035 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a></td> <td>243,150</td> <td>251,195 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a></td> <td>221,530</td> <td>222,360 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a></td> <td>164,480</td> <td>168,710 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></td> <td>143,165</td> <td>141,135 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></td> <td>97,615</td> <td>106,165 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a></td> <td>102,425</td> <td>98,225 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/45px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a></td> <td>94,385</td> <td>94,420 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a></td> <td>68,590</td> <td>70,195 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></td> <td>62,375</td> <td>69,335 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a></td> <td>70,315</td> <td>68,760 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/21px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/32px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/42px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="840" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo">Kosovo</a></td> <td>65,580</td> <td>68,570 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a></td> <td>52,735</td> <td>59,070 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></td> <td>56,180</td> <td>58,010 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a></td> <td>58,635</td> <td>57,070 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></td> <td>45,305</td> <td>46,925 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/23px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/35px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/45px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a></td> <td>47,695</td> <td>44,115 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The following table shows the ten largest cities of North Rhine-Westphalia: </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th style="text-align:center; background:#bbffbb">Pos. </th> <th style="text-align:center; background:#bbffbb">Name </th> <th style="text-align:center; background:#bbffbb">Pop. 2020 </th> <th style="text-align:center; background:#bbffbb">Area (km<sup>2</sup>) </th> <th style="text-align:center; background:#bbffbb">Pop. per km<sup>2</sup> </th> <th style="text-align:center;" class="unsortable">Map </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:right;"> <td style="text-align:left;">1</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Cologne" title="Cologne">Cologne</a></td> <td>1,083,498</td> <td>405.15</td> <td>2,668</td> <td rowspan="10"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:North_Rhine-Westphalia_location_map_02.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/North_Rhine-Westphalia_location_map_02.svg/250px-North_Rhine-Westphalia_location_map_02.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="249" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/North_Rhine-Westphalia_location_map_02.svg/375px-North_Rhine-Westphalia_location_map_02.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/North_Rhine-Westphalia_location_map_02.svg/500px-North_Rhine-Westphalia_location_map_02.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="527" data-file-height="524" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:right;"> <td style="text-align:left;">2</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf">Düsseldorf</a></td> <td>620,523</td> <td>217.01</td> <td>2,839 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:right;"> <td style="text-align:left;">3</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Dortmund" title="Dortmund">Dortmund</a></td> <td>587,696</td> <td>280.37</td> <td>2,090 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:right;"> <td style="text-align:left;">4</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Essen" title="Essen">Essen</a></td> <td>582,415</td> <td>210.38</td> <td>2,774 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:right;"> <td style="text-align:left;">5</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Duisburg" title="Duisburg">Duisburg</a></td> <td>495,885</td> <td>232.81</td> <td>2,140 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:right;"> <td style="text-align:left;">6</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Bochum" title="Bochum">Bochum</a></td> <td>364,454</td> <td>145.43</td> <td>2,509 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:right;"> <td style="text-align:left;">7</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Wuppertal" title="Wuppertal">Wuppertal</a></td> <td>355,004</td> <td>168.37</td> <td>2,100 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:right;"> <td style="text-align:left;">8</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Bielefeld" title="Bielefeld">Bielefeld</a></td> <td>333,509</td> <td>257.83</td> <td>1,285 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:right;"> <td style="text-align:left;">9</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Bonn" title="Bonn">Bonn</a></td> <td>330,579</td> <td>141.22</td> <td>2,307 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:right;"> <td style="text-align:left;">10</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCnster" title="Münster">Münster</a></td> <td>316,403</td> <td>302.91</td> <td>1,034 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Historical_population">Historical population</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_Rhine-Westphalia&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Historical population"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The following table shows the population of the state since 1930. The values until 1960 are the average of the yearly population, from 1965 the population at year end is used. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236656977">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale" style="width:45em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:none;clear:none;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Historical population</caption><tbody><tr valign="top"><td style="padding:0 0.5em"><table style="border-spacing:0;width:15em"><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Per annum growth rate" class="abbr-header">±% p.a.</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1930 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">11,407,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1940 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">12,059,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.56%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1950 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">12,926,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.70%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1955 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">14,442,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+2.24%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1960 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">15,694,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.68%</td></tr></tbody></table></td><td style="padding:0 0.5em;border-left:solid 1px #aaa"><table style="border-spacing:0;width:15em"><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Per annum growth rate" class="abbr-header">±% p.a.</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1965 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">16,619,450</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.15%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1970 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">17,033,651</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.49%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1975 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">17,129,200</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.11%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1980 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">17,057,488</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.08%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1985 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">16,674,001</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.45%</td></tr></tbody></table></td><td style="padding:0 0.5em;border-left:solid 1px #aaa"><table style="border-spacing:0;width:15em"><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Per annum growth rate" class="abbr-header">±% p.a.</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1990 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">17,349,651</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.80%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1995 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">17,893,045</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.62%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2001</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">18,052,092</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.15%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2011</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">17,538,251</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.29%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2022</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">17,890,489</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.18%</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left">Source: <sup id="cite_ref-EWZ_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EWZ-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vital_statistics">Vital statistics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_Rhine-Westphalia&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Vital statistics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Births from January–September 2016 = <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 130,025</li> <li>Births from January–September 2017 = <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 130,088</li> <li>Deaths from January–September 2016 = <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Positive decrease"><img alt="Positive decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/11px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/17px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/22px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 150,018</li> <li>Deaths from January–September 2017 = <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Negative increase"><img alt="Negative increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/11px-Increase_Negative.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/17px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/22px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 153,435</li> <li>Natural growth from January–September 2016 = <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> −19,993</li> <li>Natural growth from January–September 2017 = <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> −23,347</li></ul> <p>Source: <i>Statistische Ämter des Bundes Und der Länder</i><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_Rhine-Westphalia&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="notheme barbox tright" style="overflow-x: auto;"> <div style="border:1px solid silver; font-size:88%; padding:0.4em; width:auto; background: white; color: black;"> <table style="text-align:left; border-collapse:collapse; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr style="background:#ddd"><th style="text-align:center;" colspan="5">Religion in North Rhine-Westphalia, 2020<sup id="cite_ref-ekd2020_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ekd2020-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th></tr> <tr style="font-size:88%; height:4px;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; text-align:left;">Religion</td> <td style="width:100px; text-align:left;"></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; width:1em; text-align:right;">Percent</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Germany" title="Catholic Church in Germany">Roman Catholicism</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:DarkOrchid; width:50%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">50%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Other or <a href="/wiki/Irreligion" title="Irreligion">none</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:SlateGray; width:28%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">28%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Protestant_Church_in_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant Church in Germany">EKD Protestantism</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:DodgerBlue; width:22%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">22%</td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> </div> <p>As of 2020<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=North_Rhine-Westphalia&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, 50% of the population of the state adhered to the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Church">Roman Catholic Church</a>, 25% to the <a href="/wiki/Protestant_Church_in_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant Church in Germany">Protestant Church in Germany</a>, and 28% of the population is <a href="/wiki/Irreligion_in_Germany" title="Irreligion in Germany">irreligious</a> or adheres to other denominations or religions. North Rhine-Westphalia ranks first in population among German states for both Roman Catholics and Protestants.<sup id="cite_ref-ekd2020_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ekd2020-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2016, the interior ministry of North Rhine-Westphalia reported that the number of mosques with a <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Germany#Salafism" title="Islam in Germany">Salafist</a> <a href="/wiki/International_propagation_of_Salafism_and_Wahhabism" class="mw-redirect" title="International propagation of Salafism and Wahhabism">influence</a> had risen from 3 to 9, which indicated both an actual increase and improved reporting.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to German authorities, <a href="/wiki/Salafi_movement" title="Salafi movement">Salafism</a> is incompatible with the principles codified in the <a href="/wiki/Basic_Law_for_the_Federal_Republic_of_Germany" title="Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany">Constitution of the Federal Republic of Germany</a>, in particular: <a href="/wiki/Democracy" title="Democracy">democracy</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Rule_of_law" title="Rule of law">rule of law</a>, and political order based on <a href="/wiki/Human_rights" title="Human rights">human rights</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politics">Politics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_Rhine-Westphalia&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="Politics of North Rhine-Westphalia">Politics of North Rhine-Westphalia</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Duesseldorf_1932Kopie.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Duesseldorf_1932Kopie.jpg/220px-Duesseldorf_1932Kopie.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Duesseldorf_1932Kopie.jpg/330px-Duesseldorf_1932Kopie.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Duesseldorf_1932Kopie.jpg/440px-Duesseldorf_1932Kopie.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2851" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Landtag_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="Landtag of North Rhine-Westphalia">Landtag</a> in <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf">Düsseldorf</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The politics of North Rhine-Westphalia takes place within a framework of a <a href="/wiki/Federal_republic" title="Federal republic">federal</a> <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliamentary">parliamentary</a> <a href="/wiki/Representative_democratic" class="mw-redirect" title="Representative democratic">representative democratic</a> republic. The two main parties are, as on the federal level, the centre-right <a href="/wiki/Christian_Democratic_Union_(Germany)" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian Democratic Union (Germany)">Christian Democratic Union</a> and the centre-left <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Germany" title="Social Democratic Party of Germany">Social Democratic Party</a>. From 1966 to 2005, North Rhine-Westphalia was continuously governed by the Social Democrats or SPD-led governments. </p><p>The state's legislative body is the <a href="/wiki/Landtag_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="Landtag of North Rhine-Westphalia">Landtag</a> ("state parliament house").<sup id="cite_ref-NRWPolitcs_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NRWPolitcs-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It may pass laws within the competency of the state, e.g. cultural matters, the education system, matters of internal security, i.e. the police, building supervision, health supervision and the media; as opposed to matters that are reserved to Federal law.<sup id="cite_ref-NRWPolitcs_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NRWPolitcs-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>North Rhine-Westphalia uses the same electoral system as the Federal level in Germany: "<i><a href="/wiki/Mixed_member_proportional_representation" class="mw-redirect" title="Mixed member proportional representation">Personalized proportional representation</a></i>". Every five years the citizens of North Rhine-Westphalia vote in a general election to elect at least 181 members of the Landtag. Only parties who win at least 5% of the votes cast may be represented in parliament.<sup id="cite_ref-NRWPolitcs_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NRWPolitcs-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Landtag, the parliamentary parties and groups consisting of at least 7 members of parliament have the right to table legal proposals to the Landtag for deliberation.<sup id="cite_ref-NRWPolitcs_19-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NRWPolitcs-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The law that is passed by the Landtag is delivered to the Minister-President, who, together with the ministers involved, is required to sign it and announce it in the Law and Ordinance Gazette.<sup id="cite_ref-NRWPolitcs_19-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NRWPolitcs-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="List_of_minister-presidents">List of minister-presidents</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_Rhine-Westphalia&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: List of minister-presidents"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>These are the <a href="/wiki/Minister-President_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="Minister-President of North Rhine-Westphalia">minister-presidents of North Rhine-Westphalia</a>: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Minister-presidents of North Rhine-Westphalia </caption> <tbody><tr style="background:#eef;"> <th>No. </th> <th>Name </th> <th>Image </th> <th>Born-Died </th> <th>Party affiliation </th> <th>Start of tenure </th> <th> </th> <th>End of tenure </th></tr> <tr style="background:#C5DFE1;"> <td>1 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Amelunxen" title="Rudolf Amelunxen">Rudolf Amelunxen</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rudolf_Amelunxen_-_Ausschnitt_aus_Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F001946-0009,_Berlin,_Bundesversammlung_w%C3%A4hlt_Bundespr%C3%A4sident.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Rudolf_Amelunxen_-_Ausschnitt_aus_Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F001946-0009%2C_Berlin%2C_Bundesversammlung_w%C3%A4hlt_Bundespr%C3%A4sident.jpg/60px-Rudolf_Amelunxen_-_Ausschnitt_aus_Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F001946-0009%2C_Berlin%2C_Bundesversammlung_w%C3%A4hlt_Bundespr%C3%A4sident.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Rudolf_Amelunxen_-_Ausschnitt_aus_Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F001946-0009%2C_Berlin%2C_Bundesversammlung_w%C3%A4hlt_Bundespr%C3%A4sident.jpg/90px-Rudolf_Amelunxen_-_Ausschnitt_aus_Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F001946-0009%2C_Berlin%2C_Bundesversammlung_w%C3%A4hlt_Bundespr%C3%A4sident.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Rudolf_Amelunxen_-_Ausschnitt_aus_Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F001946-0009%2C_Berlin%2C_Bundesversammlung_w%C3%A4hlt_Bundespr%C3%A4sident.jpg/120px-Rudolf_Amelunxen_-_Ausschnitt_aus_Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F001946-0009%2C_Berlin%2C_Bundesversammlung_w%C3%A4hlt_Bundespr%C3%A4sident.jpg 2x" data-file-width="271" data-file-height="366" /></a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1888–1969 </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Centre_Party_(Germany)" title="Centre Party (Germany)">Centre Party</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1946 </td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1947 </td></tr> <tr style="background:#C5DFE1;"> <td>2 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Karl_Arnold" title="Karl Arnold">Karl Arnold</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:KAS-Arnold,_Karl-Bild-6024-1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/KAS-Arnold%2C_Karl-Bild-6024-1.jpg/60px-KAS-Arnold%2C_Karl-Bild-6024-1.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="84" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/KAS-Arnold%2C_Karl-Bild-6024-1.jpg/90px-KAS-Arnold%2C_Karl-Bild-6024-1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/KAS-Arnold%2C_Karl-Bild-6024-1.jpg/120px-KAS-Arnold%2C_Karl-Bild-6024-1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="789" data-file-height="1111" /></a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1901–1958 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">CDU </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1947 </td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1956 </td></tr> <tr style="background:#FFE8E8;"> <td>3 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fritz_Steinhoff" title="Fritz Steinhoff">Fritz Steinhoff</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Fritz_Steinhoff.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Bundesarchiv_Fritz_Steinhoff.jpg/60px-Bundesarchiv_Fritz_Steinhoff.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Bundesarchiv_Fritz_Steinhoff.jpg/90px-Bundesarchiv_Fritz_Steinhoff.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Bundesarchiv_Fritz_Steinhoff.jpg/120px-Bundesarchiv_Fritz_Steinhoff.jpg 2x" data-file-width="153" data-file-height="212" /></a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1897–1969 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">SPD </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1956 </td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1958 </td></tr> <tr style="background:#C5DFE1;"> <td>4 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Franz_Meyers" title="Franz Meyers">Franz Meyers</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Franz_Meyers_ex_Ludwig_Erhard_1965_FdG_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Franz_Meyers_ex_Ludwig_Erhard_1965_FdG_1.jpg/60px-Franz_Meyers_ex_Ludwig_Erhard_1965_FdG_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Franz_Meyers_ex_Ludwig_Erhard_1965_FdG_1.jpg/90px-Franz_Meyers_ex_Ludwig_Erhard_1965_FdG_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Franz_Meyers_ex_Ludwig_Erhard_1965_FdG_1.jpg/120px-Franz_Meyers_ex_Ludwig_Erhard_1965_FdG_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="734" data-file-height="984" /></a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1908–2002 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">CDU </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1958 </td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1966 </td></tr> <tr style="background:#FFE8E8;"> <td>5 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Heinz_K%C3%BChn" title="Heinz Kühn">Heinz Kühn</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F023752-0007_Heinz_K%C3%BChn_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F023752-0007_Heinz_K%C3%BChn_cropped.jpg/60px-Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F023752-0007_Heinz_K%C3%BChn_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="82" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F023752-0007_Heinz_K%C3%BChn_cropped.jpg/90px-Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F023752-0007_Heinz_K%C3%BChn_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F023752-0007_Heinz_K%C3%BChn_cropped.jpg/120px-Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F023752-0007_Heinz_K%C3%BChn_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="535" data-file-height="735" /></a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1912–1992 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">SPD </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1966 </td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1978 </td></tr> <tr style="background:#FFE8E8;"> <td>6 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Rau" title="Johannes Rau">Johannes Rau</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Johannes_rau_2004-05-16_berlin-RZ.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Johannes_rau_2004-05-16_berlin-RZ.jpg/60px-Johannes_rau_2004-05-16_berlin-RZ.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Johannes_rau_2004-05-16_berlin-RZ.jpg/90px-Johannes_rau_2004-05-16_berlin-RZ.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Johannes_rau_2004-05-16_berlin-RZ.jpg/120px-Johannes_rau_2004-05-16_berlin-RZ.jpg 2x" data-file-width="772" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1931–2006 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">SPD </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1978 </td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1998 </td></tr> <tr style="background:#FFE8E8;"> <td>7 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Clement" title="Wolfgang Clement">Wolfgang Clement</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wolfgang_Clement.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Wolfgang_Clement.jpg/60px-Wolfgang_Clement.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Wolfgang_Clement.jpg/90px-Wolfgang_Clement.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Wolfgang_Clement.jpg/120px-Wolfgang_Clement.jpg 2x" data-file-width="406" data-file-height="473" /></a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1940–2020 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">SPD </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1998 </td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">2002 </td></tr> <tr style="background:#FFE8E8;"> <td>8 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Peer_Steinbr%C3%BCck" title="Peer Steinbrück">Peer Steinbrück</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Next_Peer_Steinbr%C3%BCck_(SPD).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Next_Peer_Steinbr%C3%BCck_%28SPD%29.jpg/60px-Next_Peer_Steinbr%C3%BCck_%28SPD%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Next_Peer_Steinbr%C3%BCck_%28SPD%29.jpg/90px-Next_Peer_Steinbr%C3%BCck_%28SPD%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Next_Peer_Steinbr%C3%BCck_%28SPD%29.jpg/120px-Next_Peer_Steinbr%C3%BCck_%28SPD%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1335" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">*1947 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">SPD </td> <td style="text-align:center;">2002 </td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">2005 </td></tr> <tr style="background:#C5DFE1;"> <td>9 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/J%C3%BCrgen_R%C3%BCttgers" title="Jürgen Rüttgers">Jürgen Rüttgers</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Juergen_Ruettgers.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Juergen_Ruettgers.jpg/60px-Juergen_Ruettgers.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Juergen_Ruettgers.jpg/90px-Juergen_Ruettgers.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Juergen_Ruettgers.jpg/120px-Juergen_Ruettgers.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1170" data-file-height="1755" /></a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">*1951 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">CDU </td> <td style="text-align:center;">2005 </td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">2010 </td></tr> <tr style="background:#FFE8E8;"> <td>10 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hannelore_Kraft" title="Hannelore Kraft">Hannelore Kraft</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hannelorekraft.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Hannelorekraft.jpg/60px-Hannelorekraft.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Hannelorekraft.jpg/90px-Hannelorekraft.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Hannelorekraft.jpg/120px-Hannelorekraft.jpg 2x" data-file-width="683" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">*1961 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">SPD </td> <td style="text-align:center;">2010 </td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">2017 </td></tr> <tr style="background:#C5DFE1;"> <td>11 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Armin_Laschet" title="Armin Laschet">Armin Laschet</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Grundsteinlegung_MiQua-7004_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Grundsteinlegung_MiQua-7004_%28cropped%29.jpg/60px-Grundsteinlegung_MiQua-7004_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Grundsteinlegung_MiQua-7004_%28cropped%29.jpg/90px-Grundsteinlegung_MiQua-7004_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Grundsteinlegung_MiQua-7004_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-Grundsteinlegung_MiQua-7004_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1459" data-file-height="2166" /></a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">*1961 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">CDU </td> <td style="text-align:center;">2017 </td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">2021 </td></tr> <tr style="background:#C5DFE1;"> <td>12 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hendrik_W%C3%BCst" title="Hendrik Wüst">Hendrik Wüst</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2019-10-10_Hendrik_W%C3%BCst_by_OlafKosinsky_MG_1329.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/2019-10-10_Hendrik_W%C3%BCst_by_OlafKosinsky_MG_1329.jpg/60px-2019-10-10_Hendrik_W%C3%BCst_by_OlafKosinsky_MG_1329.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="58" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/2019-10-10_Hendrik_W%C3%BCst_by_OlafKosinsky_MG_1329.jpg/90px-2019-10-10_Hendrik_W%C3%BCst_by_OlafKosinsky_MG_1329.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/2019-10-10_Hendrik_W%C3%BCst_by_OlafKosinsky_MG_1329.jpg/120px-2019-10-10_Hendrik_W%C3%BCst_by_OlafKosinsky_MG_1329.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3227" data-file-height="3116" /></a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">*1975 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">CDU </td> <td style="text-align:center;">2021 </td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">Current </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>For the current state government, see <a href="/wiki/Second_W%C3%BCst_cabinet" title="Second Wüst cabinet">Wüst cabinet</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_Rhine-Westphalia&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b> with: cultural differences between for the two <a href="/wiki/Landschaftsverb%C3%A4nde" class="mw-redirect" title="Landschaftsverbände">Landschaftsverbände</a>+The <a href="/wiki/Ruhr_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Ruhr Area">Ruhr Area</a>. Bonn, Cologne, Düsseldorf and their whole lot of museums/art institutions; Düsseldorf/Neuss and Fashion. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=North_Rhine-Westphalia&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2011</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Architecture_and_building_monuments">Architecture and building monuments</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_Rhine-Westphalia&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Architecture and building monuments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The state is known for the most castles and fortresses in Germany.<sup id="cite_ref-CultureNRW_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CultureNRW-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>North Rhine-Westphalia has a high concentration of museums, cultural centres, concert halls and theatres.<sup id="cite_ref-CultureNRW_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CultureNRW-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Synthesis_of_published_material" title="Wikipedia:No original research"><span title="The material near this tag may be based upon an improper synthesis of sources. (April 2011)">improper synthesis?</span></a></i>]</sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Historic_monuments">Historic monuments</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_Rhine-Westphalia&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Historic monuments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 170px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:L%C3%B6wenstein_House_Aachen_(Germany).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Medieval architecture in Aachen"><img alt="Medieval architecture in Aachen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/L%C3%B6wenstein_House_Aachen_%28Germany%29.jpg/99px-L%C3%B6wenstein_House_Aachen_%28Germany%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="99" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/L%C3%B6wenstein_House_Aachen_%28Germany%29.jpg/148px-L%C3%B6wenstein_House_Aachen_%28Germany%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/L%C3%B6wenstein_House_Aachen_%28Germany%29.jpg/198px-L%C3%B6wenstein_House_Aachen_%28Germany%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="2262" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Medieval architecture in <a href="/wiki/Aachen" title="Aachen">Aachen</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 170px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fr%C3%BCh_Brauhaus_K%C3%B6ln_-_Am_Hof_12_und_14_(4626-28).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cölner Hofbräu Früh in Cologne"><img alt="Cölner Hofbräu Früh in Cologne" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Fr%C3%BCh_Brauhaus_K%C3%B6ln_-_Am_Hof_12_und_14_%284626-28%29.jpg/103px-Fr%C3%BCh_Brauhaus_K%C3%B6ln_-_Am_Hof_12_und_14_%284626-28%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="103" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Fr%C3%BCh_Brauhaus_K%C3%B6ln_-_Am_Hof_12_und_14_%284626-28%29.jpg/154px-Fr%C3%BCh_Brauhaus_K%C3%B6ln_-_Am_Hof_12_und_14_%284626-28%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Fr%C3%BCh_Brauhaus_K%C3%B6ln_-_Am_Hof_12_und_14_%284626-28%29.jpg/205px-Fr%C3%BCh_Brauhaus_K%C3%B6ln_-_Am_Hof_12_und_14_%284626-28%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2200" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/C%C3%B6lner_Hofbr%C3%A4u_Fr%C3%BCh" title="Cölner Hofbräu Früh">Cölner Hofbräu Früh</a></i> in <a href="/wiki/Cologne" title="Cologne">Cologne</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 170px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Alte_Markt_Dortmund.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Reinoldikirche and Alter Markt in Dortmund"><img alt="Reinoldikirche and Alter Markt in Dortmund" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Alte_Markt_Dortmund.JPG/105px-Alte_Markt_Dortmund.JPG" decoding="async" width="105" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Alte_Markt_Dortmund.JPG/157px-Alte_Markt_Dortmund.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Alte_Markt_Dortmund.JPG/210px-Alte_Markt_Dortmund.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2112" data-file-height="2816" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Reinoldikirche" class="mw-redirect" title="Reinoldikirche">Reinoldikirche</a></i> and <i>Alter Markt</i> in <a href="/wiki/Dortmund" title="Dortmund">Dortmund</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 170px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Muenster-100725-16053-Rathaus.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Historical City Hall in Münster"><img alt="The Historical City Hall in Münster" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Muenster-100725-16053-Rathaus.jpg/92px-Muenster-100725-16053-Rathaus.jpg" decoding="async" width="92" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Muenster-100725-16053-Rathaus.jpg/139px-Muenster-100725-16053-Rathaus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Muenster-100725-16053-Rathaus.jpg/185px-Muenster-100725-16053-Rathaus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2595" data-file-height="3925" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Historical_City_Hall_of_M%C3%BCnster" title="Historical City Hall of Münster">Historical City Hall</a> in <a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCnster" title="Münster">Münster</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 170px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Warburg_Sackturm-mit-Stadttor.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Gate and Tower of the medieval town-fortification in Warburg"><img alt="Gate and Tower of the medieval town-fortification in Warburg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Warburg_Sackturm-mit-Stadttor.jpg/105px-Warburg_Sackturm-mit-Stadttor.jpg" decoding="async" width="105" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Warburg_Sackturm-mit-Stadttor.jpg/157px-Warburg_Sackturm-mit-Stadttor.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Warburg_Sackturm-mit-Stadttor.jpg/210px-Warburg_Sackturm-mit-Stadttor.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="4032" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Gate and Tower of the medieval town-fortification in <a href="/wiki/Warburg" title="Warburg">Warburg</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 170px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Alt_Monschau_-_geo.hlipp.de_-_6903.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Timber framing in Monschau"><img alt="Timber framing in Monschau" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Alt_Monschau_-_geo.hlipp.de_-_6903.jpg/105px-Alt_Monschau_-_geo.hlipp.de_-_6903.jpg" decoding="async" width="105" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Alt_Monschau_-_geo.hlipp.de_-_6903.jpg/157px-Alt_Monschau_-_geo.hlipp.de_-_6903.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Alt_Monschau_-_geo.hlipp.de_-_6903.jpg/210px-Alt_Monschau_-_geo.hlipp.de_-_6903.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="640" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Timber framing in <a href="/wiki/Monschau" title="Monschau">Monschau</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 170px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Aerial_image_of_Schloss_Nordkirchen_(view_from_the_southeast).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Schloss Nordkirchen"><img alt="Schloss Nordkirchen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Aerial_image_of_Schloss_Nordkirchen_%28view_from_the_southeast%29.jpg/120px-Aerial_image_of_Schloss_Nordkirchen_%28view_from_the_southeast%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Aerial_image_of_Schloss_Nordkirchen_%28view_from_the_southeast%29.jpg/180px-Aerial_image_of_Schloss_Nordkirchen_%28view_from_the_southeast%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Aerial_image_of_Schloss_Nordkirchen_%28view_from_the_southeast%29.jpg/240px-Aerial_image_of_Schloss_Nordkirchen_%28view_from_the_southeast%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5400" data-file-height="3600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Schloss_Nordkirchen" class="mw-redirect" title="Schloss Nordkirchen">Schloss Nordkirchen</a></i></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 170px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lange_Stra%C3%9Fe_2,_3,_Warburg,_Landkreis_H%C3%B6xter.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Eckmaenneken-House in Warburg; eldest-dated timber-framed-house of Westphalia"><img alt="Eckmaenneken-House in Warburg; eldest-dated timber-framed-house of Westphalia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Lange_Stra%C3%9Fe_2%2C_3%2C_Warburg%2C_Landkreis_H%C3%B6xter.jpg/105px-Lange_Stra%C3%9Fe_2%2C_3%2C_Warburg%2C_Landkreis_H%C3%B6xter.jpg" decoding="async" width="105" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Lange_Stra%C3%9Fe_2%2C_3%2C_Warburg%2C_Landkreis_H%C3%B6xter.jpg/157px-Lange_Stra%C3%9Fe_2%2C_3%2C_Warburg%2C_Landkreis_H%C3%B6xter.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Lange_Stra%C3%9Fe_2%2C_3%2C_Warburg%2C_Landkreis_H%C3%B6xter.jpg/210px-Lange_Stra%C3%9Fe_2%2C_3%2C_Warburg%2C_Landkreis_H%C3%B6xter.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3240" data-file-height="4320" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Eckmaenneken-House in <a href="/wiki/Warburg" title="Warburg">Warburg</a>; eldest-dated timber-framed-house of Westphalia</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 170px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Corvey_Westwerk_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Princely Abbey of Corvey nearby City of Höxter"><img alt="Princely Abbey of Corvey nearby City of Höxter" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Corvey_Westwerk_2.jpg/105px-Corvey_Westwerk_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="105" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Corvey_Westwerk_2.jpg/157px-Corvey_Westwerk_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Corvey_Westwerk_2.jpg/210px-Corvey_Westwerk_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Princely_Abbey_of_Corvey" title="Princely Abbey of Corvey">Princely Abbey of Corvey</a> nearby City of <a href="/wiki/H%C3%B6xter" title="Höxter">Höxter</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 170px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hermannsdenkmal_2015.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hermann's Monument nearby Detmold"><img alt="Hermann's Monument nearby Detmold" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Hermannsdenkmal_2015.jpg/67px-Hermannsdenkmal_2015.jpg" decoding="async" width="67" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Hermannsdenkmal_2015.jpg/101px-Hermannsdenkmal_2015.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Hermannsdenkmal_2015.jpg/135px-Hermannsdenkmal_2015.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5655" data-file-height="11688" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Hermann%27s_Monument" class="mw-redirect" title="Hermann's Monument">Hermann's Monument</a> nearby <a href="/wiki/Detmold" title="Detmold">Detmold</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 170px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Externsteine_14.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Externsteine"><img alt="Externsteine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Externsteine_14.jpg/105px-Externsteine_14.jpg" decoding="async" width="105" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Externsteine_14.jpg/157px-Externsteine_14.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Externsteine_14.jpg/209px-Externsteine_14.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2742" data-file-height="3664" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Externsteine" title="Externsteine">Externsteine</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 170px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PaderbornerDom-2.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Paderborn Cathedral"><img alt="Paderborn Cathedral" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/PaderbornerDom-2.JPG/85px-PaderbornerDom-2.JPG" decoding="async" width="85" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/PaderbornerDom-2.JPG/127px-PaderbornerDom-2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/PaderbornerDom-2.JPG/169px-PaderbornerDom-2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1584" data-file-height="2616" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Paderborn_Cathedral" title="Paderborn Cathedral">Paderborn Cathedral</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Modern_architecture">Modern architecture</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_Rhine-Westphalia&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Modern architecture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 110px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Zeche_Zollern_Dortmund.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Zeche Zollern in Dortmund"><img alt="The Zeche Zollern in Dortmund" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Zeche_Zollern_Dortmund.jpg/64px-Zeche_Zollern_Dortmund.jpg" decoding="async" width="64" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Zeche_Zollern_Dortmund.jpg/96px-Zeche_Zollern_Dortmund.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Zeche_Zollern_Dortmund.jpg/128px-Zeche_Zollern_Dortmund.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="1920" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Zollern_II/IV_Colliery" title="Zollern II/IV Colliery">Zeche Zollern</a> in <a href="/wiki/Dortmund" title="Dortmund">Dortmund</a> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 110px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:D%C3%BCsseldorf,_Stresemannstra%C3%9Fe_26,_2012_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hotel Römischer Kaiser in Düsseldorf"><img alt="Hotel Römischer Kaiser in Düsseldorf" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/D%C3%BCsseldorf%2C_Stresemannstra%C3%9Fe_26%2C_2012_%281%29.jpg/63px-D%C3%BCsseldorf%2C_Stresemannstra%C3%9Fe_26%2C_2012_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="63" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/D%C3%BCsseldorf%2C_Stresemannstra%C3%9Fe_26%2C_2012_%281%29.jpg/94px-D%C3%BCsseldorf%2C_Stresemannstra%C3%9Fe_26%2C_2012_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/D%C3%BCsseldorf%2C_Stresemannstra%C3%9Fe_26%2C_2012_%281%29.jpg/125px-D%C3%BCsseldorf%2C_Stresemannstra%C3%9Fe_26%2C_2012_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1375" data-file-height="1756" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Hotel_R%C3%B6mischer_Kaiser" title="Hotel Römischer Kaiser">Hotel Römischer Kaiser</a> in Düsseldorf</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 110px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:D%C3%BCsseldorf,_Medienhafen.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Neuer Zollhof in Düsseldorf"><img alt="Neuer Zollhof in Düsseldorf" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/D%C3%BCsseldorf%2C_Medienhafen.jpg/107px-D%C3%BCsseldorf%2C_Medienhafen.jpg" decoding="async" width="107" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/D%C3%BCsseldorf%2C_Medienhafen.jpg/160px-D%C3%BCsseldorf%2C_Medienhafen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/D%C3%BCsseldorf%2C_Medienhafen.jpg/213px-D%C3%BCsseldorf%2C_Medienhafen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Neuer_Zollhof" title="Neuer Zollhof">Neuer Zollhof</a></i> in <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf">Düsseldorf</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 110px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Krefeld_haus_lange_gartenseite04_12.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Haus Lange and Haus Esters in Krefeld"><img alt="Haus Lange and Haus Esters in Krefeld" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Krefeld_haus_lange_gartenseite04_12.jpg/107px-Krefeld_haus_lange_gartenseite04_12.jpg" decoding="async" width="107" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Krefeld_haus_lange_gartenseite04_12.jpg/160px-Krefeld_haus_lange_gartenseite04_12.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Krefeld_haus_lange_gartenseite04_12.jpg/213px-Krefeld_haus_lange_gartenseite04_12.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Haus_Lange_and_Haus_Esters" title="Haus Lange and Haus Esters">Haus Lange and Haus Esters</a> in <a href="/wiki/Krefeld" title="Krefeld">Krefeld</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 110px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Neuss_(DE),_Raketenstation_Hombroich,_Langen_Foundation_--_2014_--_7404.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Langen Foundation in Neuss"><img alt="The Langen Foundation in Neuss" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Neuss_%28DE%29%2C_Raketenstation_Hombroich%2C_Langen_Foundation_--_2014_--_7404.jpg/120px-Neuss_%28DE%29%2C_Raketenstation_Hombroich%2C_Langen_Foundation_--_2014_--_7404.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Neuss_%28DE%29%2C_Raketenstation_Hombroich%2C_Langen_Foundation_--_2014_--_7404.jpg/180px-Neuss_%28DE%29%2C_Raketenstation_Hombroich%2C_Langen_Foundation_--_2014_--_7404.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Neuss_%28DE%29%2C_Raketenstation_Hombroich%2C_Langen_Foundation_--_2014_--_7404.jpg/240px-Neuss_%28DE%29%2C_Raketenstation_Hombroich%2C_Langen_Foundation_--_2014_--_7404.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5811" data-file-height="3874" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Langen_Foundation" title="Langen Foundation">Langen Foundation</a> in <a href="/wiki/Neuss" title="Neuss">Neuss</a> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 110px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Schwebebahn_G15.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Schwebebahn in Wuppertal"><img alt="The Schwebebahn in Wuppertal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Schwebebahn_G15.jpg/120px-Schwebebahn_G15.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Schwebebahn_G15.jpg/180px-Schwebebahn_G15.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Schwebebahn_G15.jpg/240px-Schwebebahn_G15.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1356" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <i><a href="/wiki/Wuppertal_Schwebebahn" title="Wuppertal Schwebebahn">Schwebebahn</a></i> in <a href="/wiki/Wuppertal" title="Wuppertal">Wuppertal</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 110px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Herford_MARTa_88.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="MARTa Herford"><img alt="MARTa Herford" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Herford_MARTa_88.jpg/107px-Herford_MARTa_88.jpg" decoding="async" width="107" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Herford_MARTa_88.jpg/160px-Herford_MARTa_88.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Herford_MARTa_88.jpg/213px-Herford_MARTa_88.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/MARTa_Herford" title="MARTa Herford">MARTa Herford</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="World_Heritage_Sites">World Heritage Sites</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_Rhine-Westphalia&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: World Heritage Sites"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Europe#Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Europe">List of World Heritage Sites in Europe § Germany</a></div> <p>The state has <a href="/wiki/Aachen_Cathedral" title="Aachen Cathedral">Aachen Cathedral</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Cologne_Cathedral" title="Cologne Cathedral">Cologne Cathedral</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Zeche_Zollverein" class="mw-redirect" title="Zeche Zollverein">Zeche Zollverein</a> in <a href="/wiki/Essen" title="Essen">Essen</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Augustusburg_and_Falkenlust_Palaces,_Br%C3%BChl" title="Augustusburg and Falkenlust Palaces, Brühl">Augustusburg Palace</a> in <a href="/wiki/Br%C3%BChl,_North_Rhine-Westphalia" class="mw-redirect" title="Brühl, North Rhine-Westphalia">Brühl</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Abbey_of_Corvey" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial Abbey of Corvey">Imperial Abbey of Corvey</a> in <a href="/wiki/H%C3%B6xter" title="Höxter">Höxter</a> which are all <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Sites" class="mw-redirect" title="World Heritage Sites">World Heritage Sites</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CultureNRW_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CultureNRW-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 110px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Schloss_Augustusburg_in_Br%C3%BChl_4.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Augustusburg and Falkenlust"><img alt="Augustusburg and Falkenlust" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Schloss_Augustusburg_in_Br%C3%BChl_4.jpg/120px-Schloss_Augustusburg_in_Br%C3%BChl_4.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Schloss_Augustusburg_in_Br%C3%BChl_4.jpg/180px-Schloss_Augustusburg_in_Br%C3%BChl_4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Schloss_Augustusburg_in_Br%C3%BChl_4.jpg/240px-Schloss_Augustusburg_in_Br%C3%BChl_4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Augustusburg_and_Falkenlust_Palaces,_Br%C3%BChl" title="Augustusburg and Falkenlust Palaces, Brühl">Augustusburg and Falkenlust</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 110px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Aachen_Germany_Imperial-Cathedral-01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Aachen Cathedral"><img alt="Aachen Cathedral" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Aachen_Germany_Imperial-Cathedral-01.jpg/112px-Aachen_Germany_Imperial-Cathedral-01.jpg" decoding="async" width="112" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Aachen_Germany_Imperial-Cathedral-01.jpg/168px-Aachen_Germany_Imperial-Cathedral-01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Aachen_Germany_Imperial-Cathedral-01.jpg/224px-Aachen_Germany_Imperial-Cathedral-01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4690" data-file-height="3350" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Aachen_Cathedral" title="Aachen Cathedral">Aachen Cathedral</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 110px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kdom.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cologne Cathedral"><img alt="Cologne Cathedral" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Kdom.jpg/98px-Kdom.jpg" decoding="async" width="98" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Kdom.jpg/147px-Kdom.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Kdom.jpg/196px-Kdom.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2318" data-file-height="1889" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Cologne_Cathedral" title="Cologne Cathedral">Cologne Cathedral</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 110px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Zeche_Zollverein_abends.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Zollverein Coal Mine"><img alt="The Zollverein Coal Mine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Zeche_Zollverein_abends.jpg/118px-Zeche_Zollverein_abends.jpg" decoding="async" width="118" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Zeche_Zollverein_abends.jpg/177px-Zeche_Zollverein_abends.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Zeche_Zollverein_abends.jpg/235px-Zeche_Zollverein_abends.jpg 2x" data-file-width="13085" data-file-height="8904" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Zollverein_Coal_Mine_Industrial_Complex" title="Zollverein Coal Mine Industrial Complex">Zollverein Coal Mine</a> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 110px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Corvey_Westwerk_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Imperial Abbey of Corvey"><img alt="The Imperial Abbey of Corvey" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Corvey_Westwerk_2.jpg/60px-Corvey_Westwerk_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Corvey_Westwerk_2.jpg/90px-Corvey_Westwerk_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Corvey_Westwerk_2.jpg/120px-Corvey_Westwerk_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Abbey_of_Corvey" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial Abbey of Corvey">Imperial Abbey of Corvey</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cuisine">Cuisine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_Rhine-Westphalia&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Cuisine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_German_dishes" title="List of German dishes">List of German dishes</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b> with: local cuisine for the two <a href="/wiki/Landschaftsverb%C3%A4nde" class="mw-redirect" title="Landschaftsverbände">Landschaftsverbände</a>+The <a href="/wiki/Ruhr_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Ruhr Area">Ruhr Area</a>. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=North_Rhine-Westphalia&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2011</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Food native to North Rhine-Westphalia </caption> <tbody><tr> <td><big><i>Pumpernickel</i> bread one of the most famous German breads. It is made from a dark rye, and has a unique and subtly sweet flavor. It has been baked for centuries and has acquired its popular name from the war era, when bread was being rationed. It means flatulence and bad spirits.</big><sup id="cite_ref-:0_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pumpernickel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Pumpernickel.jpg/220px-Pumpernickel.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Pumpernickel.jpg/330px-Pumpernickel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Pumpernickel.jpg/440px-Pumpernickel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2365" data-file-height="1869" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Drinks">Drinks</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_Rhine-Westphalia&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Drinks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6lsch_(beer)" title="Kölsch (beer)">Kölsch</a> is a local beer speciality brewed in <a href="/wiki/Cologne" title="Cologne">Cologne</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altbier" title="Altbier">Alt</a> is a local beer speciality brewed in <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf">Düsseldorf</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Lower_Rhine_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Lower Rhine Region">Lower Rhine Region</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dortmunder_Export" title="Dortmunder Export">Dortmunder Export</a> is a local pale lager beer speciality brewed in <a href="/wiki/Dortmund" title="Dortmund">Dortmund</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Festivals">Festivals</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_Rhine-Westphalia&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Festivals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b> with: Music, Art and Cultural festivals. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=North_Rhine-Westphalia&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2011</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>North Rhine-Westphalia hosts film festivals in <a href="/wiki/Cologne" title="Cologne">Cologne</a>, Bonn, <a href="/wiki/Dortmund" title="Dortmund">Dortmund</a>, <a href="/wiki/Duisburg" title="Duisburg">Duisburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCnster" title="Münster">Münster</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oberhausen" title="Oberhausen">Oberhausen</a> and <a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCnen" title="Lünen">Lünen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CultureNRW_20-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CultureNRW-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other large festivals include <a href="/wiki/Cologne_Carnival" title="Cologne Carnival">Rhenish carnivals</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ruhrtriennale" title="Ruhrtriennale">Ruhrtriennale</a>. </p><p>Every year <a href="/wiki/Gamescom" title="Gamescom">Gamescom</a> is hosted in <a href="/wiki/Cologne" title="Cologne">Cologne</a>. It is the largest video game convention in Europe. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music">Music</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_Rhine-Westphalia&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b> with: Classical and contemporary music. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=North_Rhine-Westphalia&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2011</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li>The composer <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_van_Beethoven" title="Ludwig van Beethoven">Ludwig van Beethoven</a> was born in <a href="/wiki/Bonn" title="Bonn">Bonn</a> in 1770.</li> <li>A regional anthem is the <a href="/wiki/Lied_f%C3%BCr_NRW" title="Lied für NRW">Lied für NRW</a> (Song for NRW).</li> <li>North Rhine-Westphalia is home to many of Germany's best-known <a href="/wiki/Heavy_metal_music" title="Heavy metal music">heavy metal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Speed_metal" title="Speed metal">speed metal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thrash_metal" title="Thrash metal">thrash metal</a> bands: <a href="/wiki/Accept_(band)" title="Accept (band)">Accept</a>, <a href="/wiki/Angel_Dust_(German_band)" title="Angel Dust (German band)">Angel Dust</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blind_Guardian" title="Blind Guardian">Blind Guardian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Doro_(musician)" title="Doro (musician)">Doro</a> (formerly of <a href="/wiki/Warlock_(band)" title="Warlock (band)">Warlock</a>), <a href="/wiki/Grave_Digger_(band)" title="Grave Digger (band)">Grave Digger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Holy_Moses" title="Holy Moses">Holy Moses</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kreator" title="Kreator">Kreator</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rage_(German_band)" title="Rage (German band)">Rage</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scanner_(band)" title="Scanner (band)">Scanner</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sodom_(band)" title="Sodom (band)">Sodom</a>.</li> <li>North Rhine-Westphalia is home to electronic music pioneers <a href="/wiki/Karlheinz_Stockhausen" title="Karlheinz Stockhausen">Karlheinz Stockhausen</a> and the band <a href="/wiki/Kraftwerk" title="Kraftwerk">Kraftwerk</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_Rhine-Westphalia&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="Economy of North Rhine-Westphalia">Economy of North Rhine-Westphalia</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Thyssen-Krupp-Quartier-Teilansicht-Essen-2013.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Thyssen-Krupp-Quartier-Teilansicht-Essen-2013.jpg/220px-Thyssen-Krupp-Quartier-Teilansicht-Essen-2013.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Thyssen-Krupp-Quartier-Teilansicht-Essen-2013.jpg/330px-Thyssen-Krupp-Quartier-Teilansicht-Essen-2013.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Thyssen-Krupp-Quartier-Teilansicht-Essen-2013.jpg/440px-Thyssen-Krupp-Quartier-Teilansicht-Essen-2013.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/ThyssenKrupp" title="ThyssenKrupp">ThyssenKrupp</a> headquarters in <a href="/wiki/Essen" title="Essen">Essen</a></figcaption></figure> <p>North Rhine-Westphalia has always been Germany's powerhouse with the largest economy among the <a href="/wiki/List_of_German_states_by_GDP" class="mw-redirect" title="List of German states by GDP">German states by GDP figures</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 1950s and 1960s, Westphalia was known as <i>Land von Kohle und Stahl</i> (<i>Land of Coal and Steel</i>). In the post-World War II recovery, the <a href="/wiki/Ruhr" title="Ruhr">Ruhr</a> was one of the most important industrial regions in Europe, and contributed to the German <a href="/wiki/Wirtschaftswunder" title="Wirtschaftswunder">Wirtschaftswunder</a>. As of the late 1960s, repeated crises led to contractions of these industrial branches. On the other hand, producing sectors, particularly in mechanical engineering and metal and iron working industry, experienced substantial growth. Despite this structural change and an economic growth which was under national average, the 2018 GDP of 705 billion euro (1/4 of the total German GDP) made NRW the economically strongest state of Germany <a href="/wiki/List_of_German_states_by_GRP" class="mw-redirect" title="List of German states by GRP">by GRP figures</a>, as well as one of the most important economical areas in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Of Germany's top 100 corporations, 37 are based in North Rhine-Westphalia. On a per capita base, however, North Rhine-Westphalia remains one of the weaker among the <a href="/wiki/West_Germany" title="West Germany">Western German</a> states.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>North Rhine-Westphalia attracts companies from both Germany and abroad. In 2009, the state had the most foreign direct investments (<a href="/wiki/Foreign_direct_investment" title="Foreign direct investment">FDI</a>) anywhere in Germany.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Around 13,100 foreign companies from the most important investment countries control their German or European operations from bases in North Rhine-Westphalia.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There have been many changes in the state's economy in recent times. Among the many changes in the economy, employment in the creative industries is up while the mining sector is employing fewer people.<sup id="cite_ref-CultureNRW_20-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CultureNRW-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Industrial_heritage" title="Industrial heritage">Industrial heritage sites</a> are now workplaces for designers, artists and the advertising industry.<sup id="cite_ref-CultureNRW_20-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CultureNRW-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Ruhr" title="Ruhr">Ruhr</a> region has – since the 1960s – undergone a significant structural change away from coal mining and steel industry. Many rural parts of Eastern <a href="/wiki/Westphalia" title="Westphalia">Westphalia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bergisches_Land" title="Bergisches Land">Bergisches Land</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Lower_Rhine_region_(Germany)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lower Rhine region (Germany)">Lower Rhine</a> ground their economy on "<a href="/wiki/Hidden_Champions" class="mw-redirect" title="Hidden Champions">Hidden Champions</a>" in various <a href="/wiki/Economic_sector" title="Economic sector">sectors</a>. </p><p>As of June 2014, the unemployment rate is 8.2%, second highest among all western German states.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In October 2018 the unemployment rate stood at 6.4% and was higher than the national average.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Year<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>2000 </th> <th>2001 </th> <th>2002 </th> <th>2003 </th> <th>2004 </th> <th>2005 </th> <th>2006 </th> <th>2007 </th> <th>2008 </th> <th>2009 </th> <th>2010 </th> <th>2011 </th> <th>2012 </th> <th>2013 </th> <th>2014 </th> <th>2015 </th> <th>2016 </th> <th>2017 </th> <th>2018 </th></tr> <tr> <td>Unemployment rate in % </td> <td>9.2 </td> <td>8.8 </td> <td>9.2 </td> <td>10.0 </td> <td>10.2 </td> <td>12.0 </td> <td>11.4 </td> <td>9.5 </td> <td>8.5 </td> <td>8.9 </td> <td>8.7 </td> <td>8.1 </td> <td>8.1 </td> <td>8.3 </td> <td>8.2 </td> <td>8.0 </td> <td>7.7 </td> <td>7.4 </td> <td>6.8 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_Rhine-Westphalia&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>With its central location in the <a href="/wiki/Blue_Banana" title="Blue Banana">most important European economic area</a>, high population density, strong urbanization and numerous business locations, North Rhine-Westphalia has one of the densest transport networks in the world. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Regional_rail_network">Regional rail network</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_Rhine-Westphalia&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Regional rail network"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:VRR_Linien-Netz_2014.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/VRR_Linien-Netz_2014.jpg/220px-VRR_Linien-Netz_2014.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/VRR_Linien-Netz_2014.jpg/330px-VRR_Linien-Netz_2014.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/VRR_Linien-Netz_2014.jpg/440px-VRR_Linien-Netz_2014.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4967" data-file-height="3508" /></a><figcaption>Transportsystem Rhein-Ruhr in 2014</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Einfahrt_Stadtbahn_U46_in_U-Bahnhof_Saarlandstra%C3%9Fe.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Einfahrt_Stadtbahn_U46_in_U-Bahnhof_Saarlandstra%C3%9Fe.JPG/220px-Einfahrt_Stadtbahn_U46_in_U-Bahnhof_Saarlandstra%C3%9Fe.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Einfahrt_Stadtbahn_U46_in_U-Bahnhof_Saarlandstra%C3%9Fe.JPG/330px-Einfahrt_Stadtbahn_U46_in_U-Bahnhof_Saarlandstra%C3%9Fe.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Einfahrt_Stadtbahn_U46_in_U-Bahnhof_Saarlandstra%C3%9Fe.JPG/440px-Einfahrt_Stadtbahn_U46_in_U-Bahnhof_Saarlandstra%C3%9Fe.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Stadtbahn in <a href="/wiki/Dortmund" title="Dortmund">Dortmund</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The regional rail network is organised around the big cities on the Rhine and Ruhr such as <a href="/wiki/Cologne" title="Cologne">Cologne</a>, <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf">Düsseldorf</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dortmund" title="Dortmund">Dortmund</a>. The public transport companies in the Ruhr area and Düsseldorf are run under the umbrella of the <a href="/wiki/Verkehrsverbund_Rhein-Ruhr" title="Verkehrsverbund Rhein-Ruhr">Verkehrsverbund Rhein-Ruhr</a>, which provides a uniform ticket system valid for the area. The region of Cologne and Bonn is run under the <a href="/wiki/Verkehrsverbund_Rhein-Sieg" title="Verkehrsverbund Rhein-Sieg">Verkehrsverbund Rhein-Sieg</a>. There is also a ticketing system called <i>NRW-Tarif</i> which offers tickets between all the regions of North Rhine-Westphalia. The state is well-integrated into the national rail system, the <span title="German-language text"><span lang="de" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Bahn" title="Deutsche Bahn">Deutsche Bahn</a></span></span>, for both passenger and goods services, each city in the region has at least one or more train stations. The bigger central stations have frequent direct connections to most bigger German cities and European cities such as <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> and <a href="/wiki/Basel" title="Basel">Basel</a>. Some direct trains run to <a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a> and <a href="/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich" class="mw-redirect" title="Zürich">Zürich</a>. </p><p>The Rhein-Ruhr area also contains some of the longest <a href="/wiki/Tram" title="Tram">tram</a> system in the world, with tram and <a href="/wiki/Stadtbahn" title="Stadtbahn">Stadtbahn</a> services from <a href="/wiki/Witten" title="Witten">Witten</a> to <a href="/wiki/Krefeld" title="Krefeld">Krefeld</a> in the VRR zone and <a href="/wiki/Cologne" title="Cologne">Cologne</a> to <a href="/wiki/Bad_Honnef" title="Bad Honnef">Bad Honnef</a> and <a href="/wiki/Siegburg" title="Siegburg">Siegburg</a> via <a href="/wiki/Bonn" title="Bonn">Bonn</a> within the VRS zone. Besides the local public transportation there is an interconnected commuter rail network, with the <a href="/wiki/Rhine-Ruhr_S-Bahn" title="Rhine-Ruhr S-Bahn">Rhine-Ruhr S-Bahn</a> network serving the Ruhr area as well as Düsseldorf and the <a href="/w/index.php?title=S-Bahn_K%C3%B6ln&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="S-Bahn Köln (page does not exist)">S-Bahn Köln</a> serving the area around Cologne. </p><p>As of 2012<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=North_Rhine-Westphalia&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, the VRR network alone consists of 978 lines,<sup id="cite_ref-net-report_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-net-report-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of which there are: </p> <ul><li>in regional rail transit <ul><li>11 <a href="/wiki/S-Bahn" title="S-Bahn">S-Bahn</a> lines<sup id="cite_ref-net-report_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-net-report-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<i>see:</i> <a href="/wiki/Rhine-Ruhr_S-Bahn" title="Rhine-Ruhr S-Bahn">Rhine-Ruhr S-Bahn</a>)</li> <li>15 <a href="/wiki/RegionalExpress" class="mw-redirect" title="RegionalExpress">RegionalExpress</a> lines<sup id="cite_ref-net-report_32-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-net-report-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<i>see:</i> <a href="/wiki/List_of_regional_railway_lines_in_North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="List of regional railway lines in North Rhine-Westphalia">List of regional railway lines in North Rhine-Westphalia</a>)</li> <li>24 <a href="/wiki/RegionalBahn" class="mw-redirect" title="RegionalBahn">RegionalBahn</a> lines<sup id="cite_ref-net-report_32-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-net-report-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<i>see:</i> <a href="/wiki/List_of_regional_railway_lines_in_North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="List of regional railway lines in North Rhine-Westphalia">List of regional railway lines in North Rhine-Westphalia</a>)</li></ul></li> <li>in local rail transit <ul><li>19 <a href="/wiki/Stadtbahn" title="Stadtbahn">Stadtbahn</a> light rail lines<sup id="cite_ref-net-report_32-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-net-report-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<i>see:</i> <a href="/wiki/Rhine-Ruhr_Stadtbahn" title="Rhine-Ruhr Stadtbahn">Rhine-Ruhr Stadtbahn</a>)</li> <li>45 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tram_(Stra%C3%9Fenbahn)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tram (Straßenbahn) (page does not exist)">tram (Straßenbahn)</a> lines<sup id="cite_ref-net-report_32-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-net-report-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1 <a href="/wiki/Schwebebahn_Wuppertal" class="mw-redirect" title="Schwebebahn Wuppertal">Schwebebahn</a> line<sup id="cite_ref-net-report_32-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-net-report-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (in <a href="/wiki/Wuppertal" title="Wuppertal">Wuppertal</a>)</li> <li>2 <a href="/wiki/H-Bahn" title="H-Bahn">H-Bahn</a> peoplemover systems<sup id="cite_ref-net-report_32-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-net-report-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> made up of three lines (two <a href="/wiki/H-Bahn#Dortmund" title="H-Bahn">H-Bahn</a> lines in <a href="/wiki/Dortmund" title="Dortmund">Dortmund</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/H-Bahn#Düsseldorf_Airport" title="H-Bahn">Düsseldorf SkyTrain</a> at <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf">Düsseldorf</a> airport)</li></ul></li> <li>in bus transit <ul><li>906 <a href="/wiki/Bus" title="Bus">bus lines</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-net-report_32-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-net-report-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including <ul><li>33 express bus lines (Schnellbus, SB)</li> <li>18 semi-fast bus lines (CityExpress, CE)</li></ul></li> <li>6 <a href="/wiki/Trolleybus" title="Trolleybus">trolleybus</a> lines<sup id="cite_ref-net-report_32-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-net-report-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (in <a href="/wiki/Solingen" title="Solingen">Solingen</a>)</li></ul></li> <li>15,300 km of route network<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (bus, light rail, and train)</li> <li>11,500 transit stops</li></ul> <p>In 2022 the VRS and AVV area <sup id="cite_ref-network_plan_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-network_plan-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> contains </p> <ul><li>in regional rail transit <ul><li>7 S-Bahn lines (with 4 being part of the <a href="/wiki/Rhein-Ruhr_S-Bahn" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhein-Ruhr S-Bahn">Rhein-Ruhr S-Bahn</a>)</li> <li>11 <a href="/wiki/RegionalExpress" class="mw-redirect" title="RegionalExpress">RegionalExpress</a> lines (6 conntected to VRR)</li> <li>18 <a href="/wiki/RegionalBahn" class="mw-redirect" title="RegionalBahn">RegionalBahn</a> services</li></ul></li> <li>in local rail transit <ul><li>16 <a href="/wiki/Stadtbahn" title="Stadtbahn">Stadtbahn</a> lines (<i>see:</i> <a href="/wiki/Cologne_Stadtbahn" title="Cologne Stadtbahn">Cologne Stadtbahn</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bonn_Stadtbahn" title="Bonn Stadtbahn">Bonn Stadtbahn</a>)</li> <li>3 <a href="/wiki/Tram" title="Tram">streetcar (Straßenbahn)</a> lines within the city of Bonn</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Road">Road</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_Rhine-Westphalia&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Road"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A40-Ruhrschnellweg-Huttrop.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/A40-Ruhrschnellweg-Huttrop.jpg/220px-A40-Ruhrschnellweg-Huttrop.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/A40-Ruhrschnellweg-Huttrop.jpg/330px-A40-Ruhrschnellweg-Huttrop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/A40-Ruhrschnellweg-Huttrop.jpg/440px-A40-Ruhrschnellweg-Huttrop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1144" data-file-height="856" /></a><figcaption>Autobahn A40 in Essen</figcaption></figure> <p>North Rhine-Westphalia has the densest network of <a href="/wiki/German_Autobahnen" class="mw-redirect" title="German Autobahnen">Autobahns in Germany</a> and similar Schnellstraßen (expressways). The Autobahn network is built in a grid network, with five east–west (<a href="/wiki/Bundesautobahn_2" title="Bundesautobahn 2">A2</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bundesautobahn_4" title="Bundesautobahn 4">A4</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bundesautobahn_40" title="Bundesautobahn 40">A40</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bundesautobahn_42" title="Bundesautobahn 42">A42</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bundesautobahn_44" title="Bundesautobahn 44">A44</a>) and eight north–south (<a href="/wiki/Bundesautobahn_1" title="Bundesautobahn 1">A1</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bundesautobahn_3" title="Bundesautobahn 3">A3</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bundesautobahn_43" title="Bundesautobahn 43">A43</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bundesautobahn_45" title="Bundesautobahn 45">A45</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bundesautobahn_52" title="Bundesautobahn 52">A52</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bundesautobahn_57" title="Bundesautobahn 57">A57</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bundesautobahn_59" title="Bundesautobahn 59">A59</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bundesautobahn_61" title="Bundesautobahn 61">A61</a>) routes. The A1, A2, A3, A4 and A61 are mostly used by through traffic, while the other autobahns have a more regional function. </p><p>Both the A44 and the A52 have several missing links, in various stages of planning. Some missing sections are currently in construction or planned to be constructed in the near future. </p><p>Additional expressways serve as bypasses and local routes, especially around Dortmund and Bochum. Due to the density of the autobahns and expressways, <a href="/wiki/Bundesstra%C3%9Fe" title="Bundesstraße">Bundesstraßen</a> are less important for intercity traffic. The first Autobahns in the Region opened during the mid-1930s. Due to the density of the network, and the number of alternative routes, traffic volumes are generally lower than other major metropolitan areas in Europe. Traffic congestion is an everyday occurrence, but far less so than in the <a href="/wiki/Randstad" title="Randstad">Randstad</a> in the Netherlands, another polycentric urban area. Most important Autobahns have six lanes. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Airports">Airports</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_Rhine-Westphalia&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Airports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The region benefits from the presence of several airport infrastructure. The main airport is <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf_Airport" title="Düsseldorf Airport">Düsseldorf Airport</a>, world class, which hosted 25.5 million passengers in 2019 and offers flights to various international destinations. Düsseldorf is the fourth-largest airport in Germany after <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_Airport" title="Frankfurt Airport">Frankfurt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Munich_Airport" title="Munich Airport">Munich</a> and <a href="/wiki/Berlin_Brandenburg_Airport" title="Berlin Brandenburg Airport">Berlin</a> and serves as a <a href="/wiki/Airline_hub" title="Airline hub">hub</a> for <a href="/wiki/Eurowings" title="Eurowings">Eurowings</a> and as focus city for several more airlines. The airport has three passenger terminals and two runways and can handle wide-body aircraft up to the <a href="/wiki/Airbus_A380" title="Airbus A380">Airbus A380</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-a380ready_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-a380ready-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The second airport is the <a href="/wiki/International_airport" title="International airport">international airport</a> of <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>'s fourth-largest city <a href="/wiki/Cologne" title="Cologne">Cologne</a>, and also serves <a href="/wiki/Bonn" title="Bonn">Bonn</a>, former capital of <a href="/wiki/West_Germany" title="West Germany">West Germany</a>. With around 10 million passengers passing through it in 2023, it is the sixth-largest passenger airport in Germany and the third-largest in terms of cargo operations. It is also a hub for Eurowings, but also for some cargo airlines. By traffic units, which combines cargo and passengers, the airport is in fifth position in Germany.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of March 2015, Cologne Bonn Airport had services to 115 passenger destinations in 35 countries.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is named after <a href="/wiki/Konrad_Adenauer" title="Konrad Adenauer">Konrad Adenauer</a>, a Cologne native and the first post-war Chancellor of West Germany. </p><p>Third airport in the region, <a href="/wiki/Dortmund_Airport" title="Dortmund Airport">Dortmund Airport</a> is a minor <a href="/wiki/International_airport" title="International airport">international airport</a> located 10 km (6.2 mi) east of <a href="/wiki/Dortmund" title="Dortmund">Dortmund</a>. It serves the eastern <a href="/wiki/Rhine-Ruhr" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhine-Ruhr">Rhine-Ruhr area</a>, the largest <a href="/wiki/Urban_agglomeration" class="mw-redirect" title="Urban agglomeration">urban agglomeration</a> in <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>, and is mainly used for low-cost and leisure charter flights. In 2019 the airport served 2,719,563 passengers. </p><p>There are three more minor airports within the state: <a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCnster_Osnabr%C3%BCck_Airport" title="Münster Osnabrück Airport">Münster Osnabrück Airport</a>, <a href="/wiki/Airport_Weeze" class="mw-redirect" title="Airport Weeze">Airport Weeze</a> and <a href="/wiki/Paderborn_Lippstadt_Airport" title="Paderborn Lippstadt Airport">Paderborn Lippstadt Airport</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Waterways">Waterways</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_Rhine-Westphalia&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Waterways"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Rhine" title="Rhine">Rhine</a> flows through North Rhine-Westphalia. Its banks are usually heavily populated and industrialized, in particular the <a href="/wiki/Agglomerations" class="mw-redirect" title="Agglomerations">agglomerations</a> <a href="/wiki/Cologne" title="Cologne">Cologne</a>, <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf">Düsseldorf</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ruhr_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Ruhr area">Ruhr area</a>. Here the Rhine flows through the largest conurbation in Germany, the <a href="/wiki/Rhine-Ruhr" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhine-Ruhr">Rhine-Ruhr</a> region. <a href="/wiki/Duisburg_Inner_Harbour" title="Duisburg Inner Harbour">Duisburg Inner Harbour</a> (Duisport) and <a href="/wiki/Dortmund_Port" title="Dortmund Port">Dortmund Port</a> are large industrial inland ports and serve as hubs along the Rhine and the German inland water transport system. The country is crossed by many canals like <a href="/wiki/Rhine%E2%80%93Herne_Canal" title="Rhine–Herne Canal">Rhine–Herne Canal</a> (RHK), der <a href="/wiki/Wesel-Datteln-Kanal" class="mw-redirect" title="Wesel-Datteln-Kanal">Wesel-Datteln-Kanal</a> (WDK), der <a href="/wiki/Datteln-Hamm-Kanal" class="mw-redirect" title="Datteln-Hamm-Kanal">Datteln-Hamm-Kanal</a> (DHK) and <a href="/wiki/Dortmund-Ems-Kanal" class="mw-redirect" title="Dortmund-Ems-Kanal">Dortmund-Ems-Kanal</a> (DEK) an important role for inland navigation. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_Rhine-Westphalia&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Education_in_North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="Education in North Rhine-Westphalia">Education in North Rhine-Westphalia</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RWTH_Aachen_Hauptgeb%C3%A4ude.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/RWTH_Aachen_Hauptgeb%C3%A4ude.jpg/220px-RWTH_Aachen_Hauptgeb%C3%A4ude.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/RWTH_Aachen_Hauptgeb%C3%A4ude.jpg/330px-RWTH_Aachen_Hauptgeb%C3%A4ude.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/RWTH_Aachen_Hauptgeb%C3%A4ude.jpg/440px-RWTH_Aachen_Hauptgeb%C3%A4ude.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2250" data-file-height="1500" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/RWTH_Aachen" class="mw-redirect" title="RWTH Aachen">RWTH Aachen</a></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/RWTH_Aachen" class="mw-redirect" title="RWTH Aachen">RWTH Aachen</a> is one of Germany's leading universities of technology and was chosen by <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Forschungsgemeinschaft" class="mw-redirect" title="Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft">DFG</a> as one of the German <a href="/wiki/German_Universities_Excellence_Initiative" title="German Universities Excellence Initiative">Universities of Excellence</a> in 2007, 2012 and again in 2019. North Rhine-Westphalia is home to <a href="/wiki/Category:Universities_and_colleges_in_North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="Category:Universities and colleges in North Rhine-Westphalia">14 universities and over 50 partly postgraduate colleges</a>, with a total of over 742,000 students.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Largest and oldest university is the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Cologne" title="University of Cologne">University of Cologne</a> <i>(Universität zu Köln)</i>, founded in 1388 AD, since 2012 also one of Germany's eleven Universities of Excellence. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Duisburg-Essen" title="University of Duisburg-Essen">University of Duisburg-Essen</a> (Universität Duisburg-Essen), is also well known and is one of the largest universities in Germany. </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sports">Sports</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_Rhine-Westphalia&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Sports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Football">Football</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_Rhine-Westphalia&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Football"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Signal_iduna_park_stadium_dortmund_4.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Signal_iduna_park_stadium_dortmund_4.jpg/220px-Signal_iduna_park_stadium_dortmund_4.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Signal_iduna_park_stadium_dortmund_4.jpg/330px-Signal_iduna_park_stadium_dortmund_4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Signal_iduna_park_stadium_dortmund_4.jpg/440px-Signal_iduna_park_stadium_dortmund_4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4284" data-file-height="2856" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Signal_Iduna_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Signal Iduna Park">Signal Iduna Park</a>, the stadium of <a href="/wiki/Bundesliga" title="Bundesliga">Bundesliga</a> club <a href="/wiki/Borussia_Dortmund" title="Borussia Dortmund">Borussia Dortmund</a>, is the largest stadium in Germany.</figcaption></figure> <p>NRW is home to several football clubs of the <a href="/wiki/Bundesliga" title="Bundesliga">Bundesliga</a> including <a href="/wiki/Bayer_04_Leverkusen" title="Bayer 04 Leverkusen">Bayer 04 Leverkusen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Borussia_Dortmund" title="Borussia Dortmund">Borussia Dortmund</a>, <a href="/wiki/Borussia_M%C3%B6nchengladbach" title="Borussia Mönchengladbach">Borussia Mönchengladbach</a>, <a href="/wiki/1._FC_K%C3%B6ln" title="1. FC Köln">1. FC Köln</a> and <a href="/wiki/VfL_Bochum" title="VfL Bochum">VfL Bochum</a> and the <a href="/wiki/2._Bundesliga" title="2. Bundesliga">2. Bundesliga</a> including <a href="/wiki/Fortuna_D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Fortuna Düsseldorf">Fortuna Düsseldorf</a>, <a href="/wiki/FC_Schalke_04" title="FC Schalke 04">FC Schalke 04</a> and <a href="/wiki/SC_Paderborn_07" title="SC Paderborn 07">SC Paderborn 07</a> and the <a href="/wiki/3._Liga" title="3. Liga">3. Liga</a> including <a href="/wiki/Arminia_Bielefeld" title="Arminia Bielefeld">Arminia Bielefeld</a>, <a href="/wiki/MSV_Duisburg" title="MSV Duisburg">MSV Duisburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rot-Wei%C3%9F_Essen" class="mw-redirect" title="Rot-Weiß Essen">Rot-Weiß Essen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Preu%C3%9Fen_M%C3%BCnster" class="mw-redirect" title="Preußen Münster">Preußen Münster</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rot-Wei%C3%9F_Oberhausen" title="Rot-Weiß Oberhausen">Rot-Weiß Oberhausen</a>, <a href="/wiki/FC_Viktoria_K%C3%B6ln" title="FC Viktoria Köln">FC Viktoria Köln</a> and <a href="/wiki/SC_Verl" title="SC Verl">SC Verl</a>. Since the formal establishment of the German Bundesliga in 1963, <a href="/wiki/Borussia_Dortmund" title="Borussia Dortmund">Borussia Dortmund</a> and <a href="/wiki/Borussia_M%C3%B6nchengladbach" title="Borussia Mönchengladbach">Borussia Mönchengladbach</a> have been the most successful teams in the state, with both winning five titles. <a href="/wiki/1._FC_K%C3%B6ln" title="1. FC Köln">1. FC Köln</a> won two titles, including the first in 1963. Before the league's establishment, North Rhine-Westfalian teams competed for the title of Deutscher Fußballmeister (German Football Champion). Here, <a href="/wiki/FC_Schalke_04" title="FC Schalke 04">FC Schalke 04</a> brought home seven titles, while Dortmund and Köln won an additional three and one title(s), respectively. <a href="/wiki/Fortuna_D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Fortuna Düsseldorf">Fortuna Düsseldorf</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rot-Wei%C3%9F_Essen" class="mw-redirect" title="Rot-Weiß Essen">Rot-Weiß Essen</a> have each been German Champion once. North Rhine-Westphalia has been a very successful footballing state having a combined total of 25 championships, fewer only than <a href="/wiki/Bavaria" title="Bavaria">Bavaria</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Basketball">Basketball</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_Rhine-Westphalia&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Basketball"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The state is also home to several professional basketball teams that currently either compete in the <a href="/wiki/Basketball_Bundesliga" title="Basketball Bundesliga">Basketball Bundesliga</a> or <a href="/wiki/2._Basketball_Bundesliga" title="2. Basketball Bundesliga">ProA</a> or have competed there in the past. These teams include <a href="/wiki/Telekom_Baskets_Bonn" title="Telekom Baskets Bonn">Telekom Baskets Bonn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bayer_Giants_Leverkusen" title="Bayer Giants Leverkusen">Bayer Giants Leverkusen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paderborn_Baskets" title="Paderborn Baskets">Paderborn Baskets</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uni_Baskets_M%C3%BCnster" title="Uni Baskets Münster">Uni Baskets Münster</a>, <a href="/wiki/VfL_SparkassenStars_Bochum" class="mw-redirect" title="VfL SparkassenStars Bochum">VfL SparkassenStars Bochum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phoenix_Hagen" title="Phoenix Hagen">Phoenix Hagen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alemannia_Aachen" title="Alemannia Aachen">Alemannia Aachen</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ice_hockey">Ice hockey</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_Rhine-Westphalia&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Ice hockey"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>North Rhine-Westphalia is home to current and former <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Eishockey_Liga" title="Deutsche Eishockey Liga">DEL</a> teams <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorfer_EG" title="Düsseldorfer EG">Düsseldorfer EG</a>, <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6lner_Haie" title="Kölner Haie">Kölner Haie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Krefeld_Pinguine" title="Krefeld Pinguine">Krefeld Pinguine</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Iserlohn_Roosters" title="Iserlohn Roosters">Iserlohn Roosters</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_Rhine-Westphalia&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beckrath" title="Beckrath">Beckrath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunstsammlung_Nordrhein-Westfalen" title="Kunstsammlung Nordrhein-Westfalen">Kunstsammlung Nordrhein-Westfalen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunststiftung_NRW" title="Kunststiftung NRW">Kunststiftung NRW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NRW_Forum" title="NRW Forum">NRW Forum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Germany" title="Outline of Germany">Outline of Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="List of rivers of North Rhine-Westphalia">List of rivers of North Rhine-Westphalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_in_North_Rhine-Westphalia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of lakes in North Rhine-Westphalia">List of lakes in North Rhine-Westphalia</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_Rhine-Westphalia&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: <i lang="de">Nordrhein-Westfalen</i>, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">pronounced</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="de-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Standard_German" title="Help:IPA/Standard German">[ˌnɔʁtʁaɪn<span class="wrap"> </span>vɛstˈfaːlən]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/a\/ab\/De-Nordrhein-Westfalen2.ogg\/De-Nordrhein-Westfalen2.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"De-Nordrhein-Westfalen2.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ab/De-Nordrhein-Westfalen2.ogg/De-Nordrhein-Westfalen2.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:De-Nordrhein-Westfalen2.ogg" title="File:De-Nordrhein-Westfalen2.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>; <a href="/wiki/Limburgish_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Limburgish language">Limburgish</a>: <i lang="li">Noordrien-Wesfale</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="li-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">[ˈnoːʀtʀiːn<span class="wrap"> </span>wæsˈfaːlə]</a></span>;<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> <a href="/wiki/Low_German_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Low German language">Low German</a>: <i lang="nds">Noordryn-Westfaulen</i> or <span title="Low German-language text"><i lang="nds">Noordrhien-Westfalen</i></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">German:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="de-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Standard_German" title="Help:IPA/Standard German">[ɛnʔɛʁˈveː]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-2" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/2\/28\/De-NRW.ogg\/De-NRW.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"De-NRW.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/28/De-NRW.ogg/De-NRW.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:De-NRW.ogg" title="File:De-NRW.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_Rhine-Westphalia&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.it.nrw/node/315/pdf">"Bevölkerung in Nordrhein-Westfalen"</a>. <i>Landesbetrieb IT.NRW</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Landesbetrieb+IT.NRW&rft.atitle=Bev%C3%B6lkerung+in+Nordrhein-Westfalen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.it.nrw%2Fnode%2F315%2Fpdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorth+Rhine-Westphalia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.statistikportal.de/de/vgrdl/ergebnisse-laenderebene/bruttoinlandsprodukt-bruttowertschoepfung">"Bruttoinlandsprodukt, Bruttowertschöpfung | Statistikportal.de"</a>. <i>Statistische Ämter des Bundes und der Länder | Gemeinsames Statistikportal</i> (in German)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Statistische+%C3%84mter+des+Bundes+und+der+L%C3%A4nder+%7C+Gemeinsames+Statistikportal&rft.atitle=Bruttoinlandsprodukt%2C+Bruttowertsch%C3%B6pfung+%7C+Statistikportal.de&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.statistikportal.de%2Fde%2Fvgrdl%2Fergebnisse-laenderebene%2Fbruttoinlandsprodukt-bruttowertschoepfung&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorth+Rhine-Westphalia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GlobalDataLab-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GlobalDataLab_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/">"Sub-national HDI – Area Database – Global Data Lab"</a>. <i>hdi.globaldatalab.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=hdi.globaldatalab.org&rft.atitle=Sub-national+HDI+%E2%80%93+Area+Database+%E2%80%93+Global+Data+Lab&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhdi.globaldatalab.org%2Fareadata%2Fshdi%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorth+Rhine-Westphalia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HistoryNRW-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HistoryNRW_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HistoryNRW_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nrw.de/en/north-rhine-westphalia/history/">"History of North Rhine-Westphalia"</a>. Government of North Rhine-Westphalia<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+of+North+Rhine-Westphalia&rft.pub=Government+of+North+Rhine-Westphalia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nrw.de%2Fen%2Fnorth-rhine-westphalia%2Fhistory%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorth+Rhine-Westphalia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DWNRW-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DWNRW_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWagener2009" class="citation news cs1">Wagener, Volker (18 November 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dw-world.de/dw/article/0,,3901456,00.html">"North Rhine-Westphalia: an overview"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Welle" title="Deutsche Welle">Deutsche Welle</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 July</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Deutsche+Welle&rft.atitle=North+Rhine-Westphalia%3A+an+overview&rft.date=2009-11-18&rft.aulast=Wagener&rft.aufirst=Volker&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw-world.de%2Fdw%2Farticle%2F0%2C%2C3901456%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorth+Rhine-Westphalia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-eb1911-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-eb1911_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-eb1911_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-eb1911_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Rhine Province"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Rhine_Province">"Rhine Province" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i> (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Rhine+Province&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorth+Rhine-Westphalia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-flag1953-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-flag1953_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-flag1953_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGovernment_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia1953" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Government of North Rhine-Westphalia (10 March 1953). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20050312154959/http://sgv.im.nrw.de/lmi/owa/pl_text_anzeigen?v_id=1220040120130647172">"Gesetz über die Landesfarben, das Landeswappen und die Landesflagge"</a> (in German). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sgv.im.nrw.de/lmi/owa/pl_text_anzeigen?v_id=1220040120130647172">the original</a> on 12 March 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 February</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gesetz+%C3%BCber+die+Landesfarben%2C+das+Landeswappen+und+die+Landesflagge&rft.date=1953-03-10&rft.au=Government+of+North+Rhine-Westphalia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsgv.im.nrw.de%2Flmi%2Fowa%2Fpl_text_anzeigen%3Fv_id%3D1220040120130647172&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorth+Rhine-Westphalia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLloyd2017" class="citation journal cs1">Lloyd, James (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kentarchaeology.org.uk/node/78530">"The Saxon Steed and the White Horse of Kent"</a>. <i>Archaeologia Cantiana</i>. <b>138</b>: 1.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archaeologia+Cantiana&rft.atitle=The+Saxon+Steed+and+the+White+Horse+of+Kent&rft.volume=138&rft.pages=1&rft.date=2017&rft.aulast=Lloyd&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkentarchaeology.org.uk%2Fnode%2F78530&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorth+Rhine-Westphalia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tatsachen über Deutschland (2003) <i>Nordrhein-Westfalen</i>, p. 44</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Length of borders taken from Statistisches Jahrbuch NRW 2005, 47. Jahrgang, <i>Landesamt für Datenverarbeitung und Statistik Nordrhein-Westfalen</i>, p. 22</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.destatis.de/DE/Publikationen/Thematisch/Bevoelkerung/MigrationIntegration/AuslaendBevoelkerung2010200147004.pdf?__blob=publicationFile">[1]</a> 31 December 2014 German Statistical Office. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.destatis.de/DE/Publikationen/Thematisch/Bevoelkerung/MigrationIntegration/AuslaendBevoelkerung.html"><i>Zensus 2014: Bevölkerung am 31. Dezember 2014</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EWZ-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-EWZ_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.landesdatenbank.nrw.de/ldbnrw/online/logon">"Bevölkerung NRW"</a>. <i>Landesdatenbank Nordrhein-Westfalen</i>. Landesbetrieb für Information und Technik Nordrhein-Westfalen<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 August</span> 2010</span>. <q>Zahlen sind Fortschreibung des Bevölkerungsstandes. Die Zahlen ab 1965 beziehen sich auf die Bevölkerung zum 31. Dezember des jeweiligen Jahres. Bis 1960 Mittlere Jahresbevölkerung. Bis einschließlich 1986 geschätzte Werte. Die Fortschreibung des Bevölkerungsstandes basiert ab 1987 auf den Ergebnissen der Volkszählung von 1987. Daten vor 1977 wurden auf den Gebietsstand 1. Juli 1976 umgerechnet</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Landesdatenbank+Nordrhein-Westfalen&rft.atitle=Bev%C3%B6lkerung+NRW&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.landesdatenbank.nrw.de%2Fldbnrw%2Fonline%2Flogon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorth+Rhine-Westphalia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.statistikportal.de/de/bevoelkerung">"Bevölkerung"</a>. <i>Statistische Ämter des Bundes Und der Länder</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Statistische+%C3%84mter+des+Bundes+Und+der+L%C3%A4nder&rft.atitle=Bev%C3%B6lkerung&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.statistikportal.de%2Fde%2Fbevoelkerung&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorth+Rhine-Westphalia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ekd2020-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ekd2020_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ekd2020_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ekd.de/ekd_de/ds_doc/Ber_Kirchenmitglieder_2020.pdf">Evangelische Kirche in Deutschland – Kirchenmitgliederzahlen Stand 31. Dezember 2020</a> EKD, November 2021</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rp-online.de/nrw/panorama/nrw-salafisten-agitieren-in-55-moscheen_aid-18340503">"Verfassungsschutz: Salafisten agitieren in NRW in 55 Moscheen"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Rheinische_Post" title="Rheinische Post">Rheinische Post</a></i> (in German). <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf">Düsseldorf</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Landtag of North Rhine-Westphalia</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nrw-tourism.com/">Holidays and travel tips in NRW</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.westfaelische-geschichte.de">Information and resources on the history of Westphalia on the Web portal "Westphalian History"</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lwl.org/westfaelische-geschichte/portal/Internet/ku.php?tab=que&ID=1">Guidelines for the integration of the Land Lippe within the territory of the federal state North-Rhine-Westphalia of 17 January 1947</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.reise-photografie.de/nordrhein-westfalen.htm">North Rhine-Westphalia images from Cologne and Duesseldorf to Paderborn and Muenster</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/16px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png" 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Federal Republic of Germany"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:States_of_the_Federal_Republic_of_Germany" title="Template talk:States of the Federal Republic of Germany"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:States_of_the_Federal_Republic_of_Germany" title="Special:EditPage/Template:States of the Federal Republic of Germany"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="States_of_the_Federal_Republic_of_Germany" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/States_of_Germany" title="States of Germany">States of the Federal Republic of Germany</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">States</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Baden-Württemberg">Baden-Württemberg</a> (since 1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bavaria" title="Bavaria">Bavaria</a> (since 1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brandenburg" title="Brandenburg">Brandenburg</a> (since 1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hesse" title="Hesse">Hesse</a> (since 1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lower_Saxony" title="Lower Saxony">Lower Saxony</a> (since 1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mecklenburg-Vorpommern" title="Mecklenburg-Vorpommern">Mecklenburg-Vorpommern</a> (since 1990)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">North Rhine-Westphalia</a> (since 1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhineland-Palatinate" title="Rhineland-Palatinate">Rhineland-Palatinate</a> (since 1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saarland" title="Saarland">Saarland</a> (since 1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saxony" title="Saxony">Saxony</a> (since 1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saxony-Anhalt" title="Saxony-Anhalt">Saxony-Anhalt</a> (since 1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schleswig-Holstein" title="Schleswig-Holstein">Schleswig-Holstein</a> (since 1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thuringia" title="Thuringia">Thuringia</a> (since 1990)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:States_of_Germany.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="States of Germany"><img alt="States of Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/States_of_Germany.svg/70px-States_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/States_of_Germany.svg/105px-States_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/States_of_Germany.svg/140px-States_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="592" data-file-height="801" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">City-states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a> (since 1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bremen_(state)" title="Bremen (state)">Bremen</a> (since 1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a> (since 1949)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_Baden" title="South Baden">South Baden</a> (1949–1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/W%C3%BCrttemberg-Baden" title="Württemberg-Baden">Württemberg-Baden</a> (1949–1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/W%C3%BCrttemberg-Hohenzollern" title="Württemberg-Hohenzollern">Württemberg-Hohenzollern</a> (1949–1952)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Urban_and_rural_districts_in_the_state_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia_in_Germany" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="Template:Germany districts North Rhine-Westphalia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Germany_districts_North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="Template talk:Germany districts North Rhine-Westphalia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Germany_districts_North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Germany districts North Rhine-Westphalia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Urban_and_rural_districts_in_the_state_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia_in_Germany" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Urban and rural districts in the state of <a class="mw-selflink selflink">North Rhine-Westphalia</a> in Germany</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Urban_districts_of_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Urban districts of Germany">Urban districts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aachen" title="Aachen">Aachen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bielefeld" title="Bielefeld">Bielefeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bochum" title="Bochum">Bochum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonn" title="Bonn">Bonn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bottrop" title="Bottrop">Bottrop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dortmund" title="Dortmund">Dortmund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duisburg" title="Duisburg">Duisburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf">Düsseldorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Essen" title="Essen">Essen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gelsenkirchen" title="Gelsenkirchen">Gelsenkirchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hagen" title="Hagen">Hagen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamm,_North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="Hamm, North Rhine-Westphalia">Hamm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herne,_North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="Herne, North Rhine-Westphalia">Herne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cologne" title="Cologne">Köln (<i>Cologne</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krefeld" title="Krefeld">Krefeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leverkusen" title="Leverkusen">Leverkusen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%B6nchengladbach" title="Mönchengladbach">Mönchengladbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BClheim" title="Mülheim">Mülheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCnster" title="Münster">Münster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oberhausen" title="Oberhausen">Oberhausen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remscheid" title="Remscheid">Remscheid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solingen" title="Solingen">Solingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuppertal" title="Wuppertal">Wuppertal</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Deutschland_Lage_von_Nordrhein-Westfalen.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Deutschland_Lage_von_Nordrhein-Westfalen.svg/90px-Deutschland_Lage_von_Nordrhein-Westfalen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Deutschland_Lage_von_Nordrhein-Westfalen.svg/135px-Deutschland_Lage_von_Nordrhein-Westfalen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Deutschland_Lage_von_Nordrhein-Westfalen.svg/180px-Deutschland_Lage_von_Nordrhein-Westfalen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="592" data-file-height="801" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_rural_districts_of_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="List of rural districts of Germany">Rural districts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aachen_(district)" title="Aachen (district)">Aachen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borken_(district)" title="Borken (district)">Borken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coesfeld_(district)" title="Coesfeld (district)">Coesfeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCren_(district)" title="Düren (district)">Düren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ennepe-Ruhr-Kreis" title="Ennepe-Ruhr-Kreis">Ennepe-Ruhr-Kreis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euskirchen_(district)" title="Euskirchen (district)">Euskirchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCtersloh_(district)" title="Gütersloh (district)">Gütersloh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinsberg_(district)" title="Heinsberg (district)">Heinsberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herford_(district)" title="Herford (district)">Herford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hochsauerlandkreis" title="Hochsauerlandkreis">Hochsauerlandkreis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B6xter_(district)" title="Höxter (district)">Höxter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kleve_(district)" title="Kleve (district)">Kleve (<i>Cleves</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lippe_(district)" title="Lippe (district)">Lippe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A4rkischer_Kreis" title="Märkischer Kreis">Märkischer Kreis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mettmann_(district)" title="Mettmann (district)">Mettmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minden-L%C3%BCbbecke" title="Minden-Lübbecke">Minden-Lübbecke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oberbergischer_Kreis" title="Oberbergischer Kreis">Oberbergischer Kreis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olpe_(district)" title="Olpe (district)">Olpe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paderborn_(district)" title="Paderborn (district)">Paderborn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recklinghausen_(district)" title="Recklinghausen (district)">Recklinghausen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rheinisch-Bergischer_Kreis" title="Rheinisch-Bergischer Kreis">Rheinisch-Bergischer Kreis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhein-Erft-Kreis" title="Rhein-Erft-Kreis">Rhein-Erft-Kreis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhein-Kreis_Neuss" title="Rhein-Kreis Neuss">Rhein-Kreis Neuss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhein-Sieg-Kreis" title="Rhein-Sieg-Kreis">Rhein-Sieg-Kreis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siegen-Wittgenstein" title="Siegen-Wittgenstein">Siegen-Wittgenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soest_(district)" title="Soest (district)">Soest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steinfurt_(district)" title="Steinfurt (district)">Steinfurt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unna_(district)" title="Unna (district)">Unna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viersen_(district)" title="Viersen (district)">Viersen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warendorf_(district)" title="Warendorf (district)">Warendorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wesel_(district)" title="Wesel (district)">Wesel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Germany" title="Districts of Germany">Districts</a> of German states</b> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_districts_of_Germany" title="List of districts of Germany">Full list</a>) <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Template:Germany districts Baden-Württemberg">Baden-Württemberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Bavaria" title="Template:Germany districts Bavaria">Bavaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Brandenburg" title="Template:Germany districts Brandenburg">Brandenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Bremen" title="Template:Germany districts Bremen">Bremen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Hesse" title="Template:Germany districts Hesse">Hesse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Lower_Saxony" title="Template:Germany districts Lower Saxony">Lower Saxony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Districts_of_Mecklenburg-Vorpommern" title="Template:Districts of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern">Mecklenburg-Vorpommern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="Template:Germany districts North Rhine-Westphalia">North Rhine-Westphalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Rhineland-Palatinate" title="Template:Germany districts Rhineland-Palatinate">Rhineland-Palatinate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Saarland" title="Template:Germany districts Saarland">Saarland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Saxony" title="Template:Germany districts Saxony">Saxony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Saxony-Anhalt" title="Template:Germany districts Saxony-Anhalt">Saxony-Anhalt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Schleswig-Holstein" title="Template:Germany districts Schleswig-Holstein">Schleswig-Holstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Thuringia" title="Template:Germany districts Thuringia">Thuringia</a></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1198#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1198#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1198#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000109415702">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/131339289">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1206412/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39QbtfRk7vk64qkjfKJMfTJrY">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4042570-8">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79108403">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11865122q">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11865122q">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00698131">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Severní Porýní-Vestfálsko (Německo)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge130790&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX461381">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/jgvxwsm21s1mktd">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007265895605171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/1de7fa77-cb52-40a2-b82a-251c7818249d">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA01150235?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/026395975">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 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.navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia.svg/21px-Flag_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia.svg/32px-Flag_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia.svg.png 1.5x, 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