CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Bonn - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"9ea61173-0daf-43e4-813f-14b47c33b13a","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Bonn","wgTitle":"Bonn","wgCurRevisionId":1257505891,"wgRevisionId":1257505891,"wgArticleId":3295,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas","Pages using the Phonos extension","CS1 German-language sources (de)","Webarchive template wayback links","Articles containing potentially dated statements from June 2012","All articles containing potentially dated statements","Articles with German-language sources (de)","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Use dmy dates from April 2020","Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images","Coordinates on Wikidata", "Pages with German IPA","Pages including recorded pronunciations","Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2019","Articles containing German-language text","Articles containing potentially dated statements from December 2014","Articles needing additional references from February 2008","All articles needing additional references","Articles to be expanded from January 2017","All articles to be expanded","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from December 2023","Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2011","Articles containing potentially dated statements from December 2021","Commons category link is on Wikidata","Municipalities in North Rhine-Westphalia","Bonn","Former national capitals","Populated places on the Rhine","Roman towns and cities in Germany","10s BC establishments in the Roman Empire","Roman legionary fortresses in Germany","Roman fortifications in Germania Inferior", "Urban districts of North Rhine-Westphalia","Cologne (region)","Cities in North Rhine-Westphalia"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Bonn","wgRelevantArticleId":3295,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":80000,"wgCoordinates":{"lat":50.733333333333334,"lon":7.1},"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition": "interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q586","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","ext.phonos.styles":"ready","ext.phonos.icons":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init": "ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","ext.phonos.init","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.WikiMiniAtlas","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.phonos.icons%2Cstyles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/General_view_over_bonn_%28cropped%29.jpg/1200px-General_view_over_bonn_%28cropped%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="900"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/General_view_over_bonn_%28cropped%29.jpg/800px-General_view_over_bonn_%28cropped%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="600"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/General_view_over_bonn_%28cropped%29.jpg/640px-General_view_over_bonn_%28cropped%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="480"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Bonn - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonn"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Bonn&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonn"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Bonn rootpage-Bonn skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Bonn" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Bonn" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Bonn" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Bonn" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Topography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Topography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Topography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Topography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Administration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Administration</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Note" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Note"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.1</span> <span>Note</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Note-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Founding_and_Roman_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Founding_and_Roman_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Founding and Roman period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Founding_and_Roman_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Middle_ages_and_early_modern_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Middle_ages_and_early_modern_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Middle ages and early modern period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Middle_ages_and_early_modern_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-20th_century_and_the_"Bonn_Republic"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#20th_century_and_the_"Bonn_Republic""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>20th century and the "Bonn Republic"</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-20th_century_and_the_"Bonn_Republic"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-After_national_reunification" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#After_national_reunification"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>After national reunification</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-After_national_reunification-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politics_and_government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politics_and_government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Politics and government</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Politics_and_government-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Politics and government subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Politics_and_government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Mayor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mayor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Mayor</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mayor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-City_council" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#City_council"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>City council</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-City_council-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-State_government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#State_government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>State government</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-State_government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Federal_government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Federal_government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Federal government</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Federal_government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Churches" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Churches"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Churches</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Churches-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Castles_and_residences" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Castles_and_residences"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Castles and residences</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Castles_and_residences-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_buildings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_buildings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Modern buildings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_buildings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Museums" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Museums"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Museums</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Museums-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Nature</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Transportation</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Transportation subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Air_traffic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Air_traffic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Air traffic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Air_traffic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rail_and_bus_system" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rail_and_bus_system"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Rail and bus system</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rail_and_bus_system-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Road_network" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Road_network"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Road network</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Road_network-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Port" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Port"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Port</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Port-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Education-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Education subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Private_schools" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Private_schools"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Private schools</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Private_schools-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Sports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_relations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_relations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>International relations</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-International_relations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle International relations subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-International_relations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Twin_towns_–_sister_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Twin_towns_–_sister_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Twin towns – sister cities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Twin_towns_–_sister_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Notable people</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Notable people subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pre–20th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pre–20th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>Pre–20th century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pre–20th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1900–1949" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1900–1949"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.2</span> <span>1900–1949</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1900–1949-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1950–1999" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1950–1999"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.3</span> <span>1950–1999</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1950–1999-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-21st_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#21st_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.4</span> <span>21st century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-21st_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Bonn</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 138 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-138" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">138 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonn" title="Bonn – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Bonn" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonn" title="Bonn – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Bonn" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%A6%E1%8A%95" title="ቦን – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ቦን" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%86" title="بون – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بون" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonn" title="Bonn – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Bonn" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonn" title="Bonn – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Bonn" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonn" title="Bonn – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Bonn" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonn" title="Bonn – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Bonn" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonn" title="Bonn – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Bonn" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%86" title="بون – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="بون" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonn" title="Bonn – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Bonn" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8,_%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF" title="বন, জার্মানি – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বন, জার্মানি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonn" title="Bonn – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Bonn" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD" title="Бонн – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Бонн" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Бон – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Бон" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BD_(%D0%9D%D1%8F%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%87%D1%87%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0)" title="Бон (Нямеччына) – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Бон (Нямеччына)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Бон – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Бон" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%96%E0%BE%B7%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A8%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8D" title="བྷོ་ཨིན། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="བྷོ་ཨིན།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonn" title="Bonn – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Bonn" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonn_(Alamagn)" title="Bonn (Alamagn) – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Bonn (Alamagn)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonn" title="Bonn – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Bonn" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD" title="Бонн – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Бонн" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonn_(munisipyo)" title="Bonn (munisipyo) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Bonn (munisipyo)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonn" title="Bonn – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Bonn" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonn" title="Bonn – Tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Bonn" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonn" title="Bonn – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Bonn" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonn" title="Bonn – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Bonn" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonn" title="Bonn – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Bonn" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonn" title="Bonn – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Bonn" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CF%8C%CE%BD%CE%BD%CE%B7" title="Βόννη – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βόννη" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonn" title="Bonn – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Bonn" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonn" title="Bonn – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Bonn" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonn" title="Bonn – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Bonn" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonn" title="Bonn – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Bonn" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%86" title="بن – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonn" title="Bonn – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Bonn" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonn" title="Bonn – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Bonn" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonn" title="Bonn – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Bonn" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonn_(cathair)" title="Bonn (cathair) – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Bonn (cathair)" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonn" title="Bonn – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Bonn" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonn_(a%27_Ghearmailt)" title="Bonn (a' Ghearmailt) – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Bonn (a' Ghearmailt)" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonn" title="Bonn – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Bonn" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%B1%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BF%F0%90%8C%BD%F0%90%8C%BD" title="𐌱𐌰𐌿𐌽𐌽 – Gothic" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌱𐌰𐌿𐌽𐌽" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gothic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B3%B8_(%EB%8F%85%EC%9D%BC)" title="본 (독일) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="본 (독일)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%B6" title="Բոնն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բոնն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%A8" title="बॉन – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="बॉन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonn" title="Bonn – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Bonn" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonn" title="Bonn – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Bonn" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonn" title="Bonn – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Bonn" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonn" title="Bonn – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bonn" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonn" title="Bonn – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Bonn" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonn" title="Bonn – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Bonn" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD" title="Бонн – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Бонн" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonn" title="Bonn – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Bonn" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonn" title="Bonn – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Bonn" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%95%D7%9F" title="בון – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="בון" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonn" title="Bonn – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Bonn" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ბონი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ბონი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD" title="Бонн – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Бонн" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonn" title="Bonn – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Bonn" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonn" title="Bonn – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Bonn" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonn" title="Bonn – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Bonn" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonn" title="Bonn – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Bonn" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD" title="Бонн – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Бонн" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonn" title="Bonn – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Bonn" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonna" title="Bonna – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Bonna" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonna" title="Bonna – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Bonna" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonn" title="Bonn – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Bonn" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bona" title="Bona – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Bona" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonn" title="Bonn – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Bonn" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonn" title="Bonn – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Bonn" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonn" title="Bonn – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Bonn" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonn" title="Bonn – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Bonn" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Бон – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Бон" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonn" title="Bonn – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Bonn" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8B%E0%B5%BA" title="ബോൺ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ബോൺ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%A8" title="बॉन – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="बॉन" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%86_(%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7)" title="بون (المانيا) – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بون (المانيا)" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonn" title="Bonn – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bonn" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD" title="Бонн – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Бонн" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonn" title="Bonn – Fijian" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Bonn" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="Fijian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonn" title="Bonn – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Bonn" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9C%E3%83%B3" title="ボン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ボン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD" title="Бонн – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Бонн" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonn" title="Bonn – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Bonn" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonn" title="Bonn – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Bonn" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonn" title="Bonn – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Bonn" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonn" title="Bonn – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Bonn" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonn" title="Bonn – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Bonn" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%A8" title="ਬੌਨ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਬੌਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%86" title="بون – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="بون" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%86" title="بون – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="بون" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonn" title="Bonn – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Bonn" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonn" title="Bonn – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Bonn" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonn" title="Bonn – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Bonn" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bona" title="Bona – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Bona" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonn" title="Bonn – Colognian" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Bonn" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="Colognian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonn" title="Bonn – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Bonn" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonn" title="Bonn – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Bonn" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD" title="Бонн – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Бонн" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonn" title="Bonn – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Bonn" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonn" title="Bonn – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Bonn" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonn" title="Bonn – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Bonn" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boni" title="Boni – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Boni" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonn" title="Bonn – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Bonn" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonn" title="Bonn – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Bonn" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonn" title="Bonn – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Bonn" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonn" title="Bonn – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Bonn" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonn" title="Bonn – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Bonn" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%86%D9%86%D8%8C_%D8%A6%DB%95%DA%B5%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="بۆن، ئەڵمانیا – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="بۆن، ئەڵمانیا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Бон – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Бон" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonn" title="Bonn – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Bonn" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonn" title="Bonn – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Bonn" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonn" title="Bonn – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Bonn" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonn" title="Bonn – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Bonn" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="பான் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பான்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD" title="Бонн – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Бонн" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AC%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="బాన్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="బాన్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonn" title="Bonn – Tetum" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Bonn" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="Tetum" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tetun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99" title="บ็อน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="บ็อน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD" title="Бонн – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Бонн" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonn" title="Bonn – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Bonn" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonn" title="Bonn – Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Bonn" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Twi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD" title="Бонн – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Бонн" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD" title="Бонн – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Бонн" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%86" title="بون – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="بون" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonn" title="Bonn – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="Bonn" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonn" title="Bonn – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Bonn" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonn" title="Bonn – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Bonn" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonn" title="Bonn – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Bonn" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonn" title="Bonn – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Bonn" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonn" title="Bonn – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Bonn" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E6%81%A9" title="波恩 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="波恩" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%90%D7%9F,_%D7%93%D7%99%D7%99%D7%98%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%93" title="באן, דייטשלאנד – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="באן, דייטשלאנד" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E6%81%A9" title="波恩 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="波恩" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonn" title="Bonn – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Bonn" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E6%81%A9" title="波恩 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="波恩" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonn" title="Bonn – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Bonn" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q586#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bonn" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Bonn" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bonn"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonn&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonn&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bonn"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonn&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonn&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Bonn" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Bonn" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonn&oldid=1257505891" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonn&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Bonn&id=1257505891&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FBonn"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FBonn"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Bonn&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonn&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Bonn" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikivoyage badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Bonn" hreflang="en"><span>Wikivoyage</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q586" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Bonn&params=50_44_N_7_6_E_type:city_region:DE-NW"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">50°44′N</span> <span class="longitude">7°6′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">50.733°N 7.100°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">50.733; 7.100</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">City in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the city in Germany. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Bonn_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Bonn (disambiguation)">Bonn (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Federal city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org"><span class="wrap">Bonn </span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Federal_city" title="Federal city">Federal city</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="multiimageinner" style="width:272px;max-width:272px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:270px;max-width:270px"><div style="height:201px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:General_view_over_bonn_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Bonn skyline" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/General_view_over_bonn_%28cropped%29.jpg/268px-General_view_over_bonn_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="268" height="201" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/General_view_over_bonn_%28cropped%29.jpg/402px-General_view_over_bonn_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/General_view_over_bonn_%28cropped%29.jpg/536px-General_view_over_bonn_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3341" data-file-height="2506" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center">Bonn skyline</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:165px;max-width:165px"><div style="height:147px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Altes_Rathaus_Bonn.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Altes Rathaus (Bonn)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Altes_Rathaus_Bonn.jpg/163px-Altes_Rathaus_Bonn.jpg" decoding="async" width="163" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Altes_Rathaus_Bonn.jpg/245px-Altes_Rathaus_Bonn.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Altes_Rathaus_Bonn.jpg/326px-Altes_Rathaus_Bonn.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6064" data-file-height="5466" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Altes_Rathaus_(Bonn)" title="Altes Rathaus (Bonn)">Townhall</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:103px;max-width:103px"><div style="height:147px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Beethoven-Haus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Beethoven House" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Beethoven-Haus.jpg/101px-Beethoven-Haus.jpg" decoding="async" width="101" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Beethoven-Haus.jpg/152px-Beethoven-Haus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Beethoven-Haus.jpg/202px-Beethoven-Haus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2902" data-file-height="4253" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Beethoven_House" title="Beethoven House">Beethoven House</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:121px;max-width:121px"><div style="height:217px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bonner_M%C3%BCnster_2010-07-07.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Bonn Minster" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Bonner_M%C3%BCnster_2010-07-07.jpg/119px-Bonner_M%C3%BCnster_2010-07-07.jpg" decoding="async" width="119" height="218" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Bonner_M%C3%BCnster_2010-07-07.jpg/179px-Bonner_M%C3%BCnster_2010-07-07.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Bonner_M%C3%BCnster_2010-07-07.jpg/238px-Bonner_M%C3%BCnster_2010-07-07.jpg 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="1371" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Bonn_Minster" title="Bonn Minster">Bonn Minster</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:147px;max-width:147px"><div style="height:217px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Posttower_Bonn_001.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Post Tower" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Posttower_Bonn_001.jpg/145px-Posttower_Bonn_001.jpg" decoding="async" width="145" height="218" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Posttower_Bonn_001.jpg/218px-Posttower_Bonn_001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Posttower_Bonn_001.jpg/290px-Posttower_Bonn_001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1500" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Post_Tower" title="Post Tower">Post Tower</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:270px;max-width:270px"><div style="height:96px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Universit%C3%A4t_Bonn.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Electoral Palace, Bonn" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Universit%C3%A4t_Bonn.jpg/268px-Universit%C3%A4t_Bonn.jpg" decoding="async" width="268" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Universit%C3%A4t_Bonn.jpg/402px-Universit%C3%A4t_Bonn.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Universit%C3%A4t_Bonn.jpg/536px-Universit%C3%A4t_Bonn.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3336" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Electoral_Palace,_Bonn" title="Electoral Palace, Bonn">Electoral Palace</a></div></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flagge_der_kreisfreien_Stadt_Bonn.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Bonn"><img alt="Flag of Bonn" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flagge_der_kreisfreien_Stadt_Bonn.svg/100px-Flagge_der_kreisfreien_Stadt_Bonn.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flagge_der_kreisfreien_Stadt_Bonn.svg/150px-Flagge_der_kreisfreien_Stadt_Bonn.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flagge_der_kreisfreien_Stadt_Bonn.svg/200px-Flagge_der_kreisfreien_Stadt_Bonn.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="360" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Flag</div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DEU_Bonn_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Bonn"><img alt="Coat of arms of Bonn" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/DEU_Bonn_COA.svg/70px-DEU_Bonn_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/DEU_Bonn_COA.svg/105px-DEU_Bonn_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/DEU_Bonn_COA.svg/140px-DEU_Bonn_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="572" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Coat of arms</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="border:line; margin-top:0.2px"><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="height:auto; padding:0.1em; padding-left:0.3em; padding-right:1.5em;">Bonn within North Rhine-Westphalia</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:North_rhine_w_BN.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/North_rhine_w_BN.svg/250px-North_rhine_w_BN.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/North_rhine_w_BN.svg/375px-North_rhine_w_BN.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/North_rhine_w_BN.svg/500px-North_rhine_w_BN.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="660" data-file-height="660" /></a></span> </div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Germany_adm_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bonn is located in Germany"><img alt="Bonn is located in Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Germany_adm_location_map.svg/250px-Germany_adm_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="296" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Germany_adm_location_map.svg/375px-Germany_adm_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Germany_adm_location_map.svg/500px-Germany_adm_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1073" data-file-height="1272" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:55.278%;left:16%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Bonn"><img alt="Bonn" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div><span class="wrap">Bonn </span></div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Germany</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:North_Rhine-Westphalia_location_map_01.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bonn is located in North Rhine-Westphalia"><img alt="Bonn is located in North Rhine-Westphalia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/North_Rhine-Westphalia_location_map_01.svg/250px-North_Rhine-Westphalia_location_map_01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="249" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/North_Rhine-Westphalia_location_map_01.svg/375px-North_Rhine-Westphalia_location_map_01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/North_Rhine-Westphalia_location_map_01.svg/500px-North_Rhine-Westphalia_location_map_01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="527" data-file-height="524" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:81.314%;left:34.713%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Bonn"><img alt="Bonn" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div><span class="wrap">Bonn </span></div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of North Rhine-Westphalia</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Bonn&params=50_44_N_7_6_E_type:city_region:DE-NW"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">50°44′N</span> <span class="longitude">7°6′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">50.733°N 7.100°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">50.733; 7.100</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/States_of_Germany" title="States of Germany">State</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="North Rhine-Westphalia">North Rhine-Westphalia</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Regierungsbezirk" title="Regierungsbezirk">Admin. region</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cologne_(region)" title="Cologne (region)">Cologne </a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Germany" title="Districts of Germany">District</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Districts_in_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Districts in Germany">Urban district</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">1st century BC</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Lord_mayor" title="Lord mayor">Lord mayor</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">(2020–25) </span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Katja_D%C3%B6rner" title="Katja Dörner">Katja Dörner</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Alliance_90/The_Greens" title="Alliance 90/The Greens">Greens</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Governing parties</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Alliance_90/The_Greens" title="Alliance 90/The Greens">Greens</a> / <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Germany" title="Social Democratic Party of Germany">SPD</a> / <a href="/wiki/The_Left_(Germany)" title="The Left (Germany)">Left</a> / <a href="/wiki/Volt_Germany" title="Volt Germany">Volt</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">141.06 km<sup>2</sup> (54.46 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">60 m (200 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2023-12-31)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">335,789</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">2,400/km<sup>2</sup> (6,200/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_in_Germany" title="Time in Germany">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B01:00" title="UTC+01:00">UTC+01:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Time" title="Central European Time">CET</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B02:00" title="UTC+02:00">UTC+02:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Summer_Time" title="Central European Summer Time">CEST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Postal_codes_in_Germany" title="Postal codes in Germany">Postal codes</a></th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">53111–53229</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_dialling_codes_in_Germany" title="List of dialling codes in Germany">Dialling codes</a></th><td class="infobox-data">0228</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plate" title="Vehicle registration plate">Vehicle registration</a></th><td class="infobox-data">BN</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bonn.de">bonn<wbr />.de</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Bonn</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">German pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="de-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Standard_German" title="Help:IPA/Standard German">[bɔn]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/8\/86\/De-Bonn.ogg\/De-Bonn.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"De-Bonn.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/86/De-Bonn.ogg/De-Bonn.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:De-Bonn.ogg" title="File:De-Bonn.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>) is a <a href="/wiki/Federal_city" title="Federal city">federal city</a> in the German state of <a href="/wiki/North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="North Rhine-Westphalia">North Rhine-Westphalia</a>, located on the banks of the <a href="/wiki/Rhine" title="Rhine">Rhine</a>. It has a population of over 300,000. About 24 km (15 mi) south-southeast of <a href="/wiki/Cologne" title="Cologne">Cologne</a>, Bonn is in the southernmost part of the <a href="/wiki/Rhine-Ruhr" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhine-Ruhr">Rhine-Ruhr</a> region, Germany's largest metropolitan area and the <a href="/wiki/List_of_EU_metropolitan_areas_by_GDP" title="List of EU metropolitan areas by GDP">second biggest metropolitan region by GDP</a> in the European Union, with over 11 million inhabitants. The city served as the capital of <a href="/wiki/West_Germany" title="West Germany">West Germany</a> from its formation in 1949 until 1990 and as the capital of <a href="/wiki/German_reunification" title="German reunification">reunited Germany</a> from 1990 until 1999 when the seat of government was moved back to <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>. Bonn is the birthplace of Germany's present day constitution, the <a href="/wiki/Basic_Law_for_the_Federal_Republic_of_Germany" title="Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany">Basic Law</a>. </p><p>Founded in the 1st century BC as an <a href="/wiki/Ubii" title="Ubii">Ubii</a> and then <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman</a> settlement in the province <a href="/wiki/Germania_Inferior" title="Germania Inferior">Germania Inferior</a>, Bonn is one of Germany's oldest cities. It was the <a href="/wiki/Capital_city" title="Capital city">capital city</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Electorate_of_Cologne" title="Electorate of Cologne">Electorate of Cologne</a> from 1597 to 1794, residence of the Archbishops and Prince-electors of <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Cologne" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Cologne">Cologne</a>. From 1949 to 1990, Bonn was the capital of <a href="/wiki/West_Germany" title="West Germany">West Germany</a>. The era when Bonn served as the capital of West Germany is referred to by historians as the <i><a href="/wiki/Bonn_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Bonn Republic">Bonn Republic</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Due to a political compromise (<a href="/wiki/Berlin-Bonn_Act" title="Berlin-Bonn Act">Berlin-Bonn Act</a>) following the reunification, the German federal government maintains a substantial presence in Bonn. Roughly a third of all ministerial jobs are located in Bonn as of 2019<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bonn&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the city is considered a second, unofficial, capital of the country.<sup id="cite_ref-Cowell_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cowell-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bonn is the secondary seat of the <a href="/wiki/President_of_Germany" title="President of Germany">President</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_Germany" title="Chancellor of Germany">Chancellor</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Bundesrat_of_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Bundesrat of Germany">Bundesrat</a>, and the primary seat of six federal government ministries and twenty federal authorities. The title of Federal City (German: <i lang="de">Bundesstadt</i>) reflects its important political status within Germany.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The global headquarters of <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Post_DHL" class="mw-redirect" title="Deutsche Post DHL">Deutsche Post DHL</a> and <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Telekom" title="Deutsche Telekom">Deutsche Telekom</a>, both <a href="/wiki/DAX" title="DAX">DAX</a>-listed corporations, are in Bonn. The city is home to the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Bonn" title="University of Bonn">University of Bonn</a> and a total of 20 United Nations institutions, the highest number in all of Germany.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These institutions include the headquarters for Secretariat of the UN Framework Convention Climate Change (UNFCCC), the Secretariat of the UN Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD), and the UN Volunteers programme.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Birthplace of composer <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_van_Beethoven" title="Ludwig van Beethoven">Ludwig van Beethoven</a>, a center of <a href="/wiki/Rhenish_Carnival" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhenish Carnival">Rhenish carnival</a>, and its geography by the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Rhine" title="Middle Rhine">Middle Rhine</a> make it an important tourist destination. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonn&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:908px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:General_view_over_bonn.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="View over central Bonn as seen from the Stadthaus, including the Siebengebirge, a hill range on the east bank of the Middle Rhine"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/General_view_over_bonn.jpg/900px-General_view_over_bonn.jpg" decoding="async" width="900" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/General_view_over_bonn.jpg/1350px-General_view_over_bonn.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/General_view_over_bonn.jpg/1800px-General_view_over_bonn.jpg 2x" data-file-width="14003" data-file-height="2506" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:General_view_over_bonn.jpg" title="File:General view over bonn.jpg"> </a></div>View over central Bonn as seen from the Stadthaus, including the <a href="/wiki/Siebengebirge" title="Siebengebirge">Siebengebirge</a>, a hill range on the east bank of the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Rhine" title="Middle Rhine">Middle Rhine</a></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Topography">Topography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonn&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Topography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Situated in the southernmost part of the <a href="/wiki/Rhine-Ruhr" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhine-Ruhr">Rhine-Ruhr</a> region, Germany's largest metropolitan area with over 11 million inhabitants, Bonn lies within the <a href="/wiki/States_of_Germany" title="States of Germany">German state</a> of <a href="/wiki/North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="North Rhine-Westphalia">North Rhine-Westphalia</a>, on the border with <a href="/wiki/Rhineland-Palatinate" title="Rhineland-Palatinate">Rhineland-Palatinate</a>. Spanning an area of more 141.2 km<sup>2</sup> (55 sq mi) on both sides of the river <a href="/wiki/Rhine" title="Rhine">Rhine</a>, almost three-quarters of the city lies on the river's left bank. </p><p>To the south and to the west, Bonn borders the <a href="/wiki/Eifel" title="Eifel">Eifel</a> region which encompasses the <a href="/wiki/Rhineland_Nature_Park" title="Rhineland Nature Park">Rhineland Nature Park</a>. To the north, Bonn borders the <a href="/wiki/Cologne_Lowland" title="Cologne Lowland">Cologne Lowland</a>. Natural borders are constituted by the river <a href="/wiki/Sieg_(river)" title="Sieg (river)">Sieg</a> to the north-east and by the <a href="/wiki/Siebengebirge" title="Siebengebirge">Siebengebirge</a> (also known as the Seven Hills) to the east. The largest extension of the city in north–south dimensions is 15 km (9 mi) and 12.5 km (8 mi) in west–east dimensions. The city borders have a total length of 61 km (38 mi). The geographical centre of Bonn is the Bundeskanzlerplatz <i>(Chancellor Square)</i> in Bonn-Gronau. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Administration">Administration</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonn&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Administration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/States_of_Germany" title="States of Germany">German state</a> of <a href="/wiki/North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="North Rhine-Westphalia">North Rhine-Westphalia</a> is divided into five <a href="/wiki/Regierungsbezirk" title="Regierungsbezirk">governmental districts</a> (German: <i lang="de">Regierungsbezirk</i>), and Bonn is part of the <a href="/wiki/Regierungsbezirk_K%C3%B6ln" class="mw-redirect" title="Regierungsbezirk Köln">governmental district of Cologne</a> (German: <i lang="de">Regierungsbezirk Köln</i>). Within this governmental district, the city of Bonn is an <a href="/wiki/List_of_districts_of_Germany" title="List of districts of Germany">urban district</a> in its own right. The urban district of Bonn is then again divided into four administrative municipal districts (German: <i lang="de">Stadtbezirk</i>). These are Bonn, Bonn-Bad Godesberg, Bonn-Beuel and Bonn-Hardtberg. In 1969, the independent towns of <a href="/wiki/Bad_Godesberg" title="Bad Godesberg">Bad Godesberg</a> and Beuel as well as several villages were incorporated into Bonn, resulting in a city more than twice as large as before. </p> <table class="wikitable zebra"> <caption>Administrative divisions of the Federal City of Bonn </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Municipal district (<span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Stadtbezirk</i></span>) </th> <th>Coat of arms </th> <th>Population <small>(as of December 2014<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bonn&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>)</small><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>Sub-district (<span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Stadtteil</i></span>) </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bad_Godesberg" title="Bad Godesberg">Bad Godesberg</a> </td> <td align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DEU_Bad_Godesberg_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wappen des Stadtbezirks Bad Godesberg"><img alt="Wappen des Stadtbezirks Bad Godesberg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/DEU_Bad_Godesberg_COA.svg/35px-DEU_Bad_Godesberg_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="42" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/DEU_Bad_Godesberg_COA.svg/53px-DEU_Bad_Godesberg_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/DEU_Bad_Godesberg_COA.svg/70px-DEU_Bad_Godesberg_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="385" data-file-height="457" /></a></span> </td> <td align="right">73,172 </td> <td>Alt-Godesberg, <a href="/wiki/Friesdorf_(Bonn)" title="Friesdorf (Bonn)">Friesdorf</a>, Godesberg-Nord, Godesberg-Villenviertel, Heiderhof, Hochkreuz, Lannesdorf, Mehlem, Muffendorf, Pennenfeld, Plittersdorf, Rüngsdorf, Schweinheim </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Beuel" title="Beuel">Beuel</a> </td> <td align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DEU_Beuel_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wappen des Stadtbezirks Beuel"><img alt="Wappen des Stadtbezirks Beuel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/DEU_Beuel_COA.svg/35px-DEU_Beuel_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/DEU_Beuel_COA.svg/53px-DEU_Beuel_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/DEU_Beuel_COA.svg/70px-DEU_Beuel_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="380" data-file-height="485" /></a></span> </td> <td align="right">66,695 </td> <td>Beuel-Mitte, Beuel-Ost, Geislar, Hoholz, Holtorf, <a href="/wiki/Holzlar" title="Holzlar">Holzlar</a>, <a href="/wiki/K%C3%BCdinghoven" class="mw-redirect" title="Küdinghoven">Küdinghoven</a>, Limperich, <a href="/wiki/Oberkassel_(Bonn)" class="mw-redirect" title="Oberkassel (Bonn)">Oberkassel</a>, Pützchen/Bechlinghoven, Ramersdorf, <a href="/wiki/Schwarzrheindorf/Vilich-Rheindorf" class="mw-redirect" title="Schwarzrheindorf/Vilich-Rheindorf">Schwarzrheindorf/Vilich-Rheindorf</a>, Vilich, Vilich-Müldorf </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonn_(municipal_district)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bonn (municipal district) (page does not exist)">Bonn</a> </td> <td align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DEU_Alt-Bonn_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wappen des Stadtbezirks Bonn"><img alt="Wappen des Stadtbezirks Bonn" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/DEU_Alt-Bonn_COA.svg/35px-DEU_Alt-Bonn_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="41" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/DEU_Alt-Bonn_COA.svg/53px-DEU_Alt-Bonn_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/DEU_Alt-Bonn_COA.svg/70px-DEU_Alt-Bonn_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="418" data-file-height="492" /></a></span> </td> <td align="right">149,733 </td> <td>Auerberg, Bonn-Castell (known until 2003 as Bonn-Nord), Bonn-Zentrum, Buschdorf, Dottendorf, Dransdorf, <a href="/wiki/Endenich" title="Endenich">Endenich</a>, Graurheindorf, Gronau, Ippendorf, <a href="/wiki/Kessenich_(Bonn)" title="Kessenich (Bonn)">Kessenich</a>, Lessenich/Meßdorf, Nordstadt, Poppelsdorf, Röttgen, Südstadt, <a href="/wiki/Tannenbusch" title="Tannenbusch">Tannenbusch</a>, Ückesdorf, Venusberg, Weststadt </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hardtberg" title="Hardtberg">Hardtberg</a> </td> <td align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DEU_Amt_Duisdorf_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wappen des Stadtbezirks Hardtberg"><img alt="Wappen des Stadtbezirks Hardtberg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/DEU_Amt_Duisdorf_COA.svg/35px-DEU_Amt_Duisdorf_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="41" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/DEU_Amt_Duisdorf_COA.svg/53px-DEU_Amt_Duisdorf_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/DEU_Amt_Duisdorf_COA.svg/70px-DEU_Amt_Duisdorf_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="390" data-file-height="456" /></a></span> </td> <td align="right">33,360 </td> <td>Brüser Berg, Duisdorf, <a href="/wiki/Hardth%C3%B6he" title="Hardthöhe">Hardthöhe</a>, Lengsdorf </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonn&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Rhine-Ruhr#Climate" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhine-Ruhr">Rhine-Ruhr § Climate</a></div> <p>Bonn has an <a href="/wiki/Oceanic_climate" title="Oceanic climate">oceanic climate</a> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen</a>: <i>Cfb</i>; <a href="/wiki/Trewartha_climate_classification" title="Trewartha climate classification">Trewartha</a>: <i>Dobk</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-sklima_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sklima-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the south of the Cologne lowland in the Rhine valley, Bonn is in one of Germany's warmest regions. </p><p>The Bonn weather station has recorded the following extreme values:<sup id="cite_ref-sklima_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sklima-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Its highest temperature was 40.9 °C (105.6 °F) on <a href="/wiki/2019_European_heatwaves#Germany" title="2019 European heatwaves">25 July 2019</a>.</li> <li>Its lowest temperature was −23.0 °C (−9.4 °F) on 27 January 1942.</li> <li>Its greatest annual precipitation was 956.7 mm (37.67 in) in 2007.</li> <li>Its least annual precipitation was 381.5 mm (15.02 in) in 1959.</li> <li>The longest annual sunshine was 2013.9 hours in 2018.</li> <li>The shortest annual sunshine was 1240.7 hours in 1981.</li></ul> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Bonn (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1933–present<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFAF5F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.1<br />(61.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF8F1F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.7<br />(69.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF6C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.7<br />(78.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF4A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.7<br />(87.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF3B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.9<br />(91.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF1800; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">37.9<br />(100.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF0400; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">40.9<br />(105.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF1C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.4<br />(99.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF2F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.6<br />(94.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF6000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.5<br />(81.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF8D1B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.0<br />(69.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFA54B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.5<br />(63.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF0400; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">40.9<br />(105.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFC68D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.7<br />(54.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFC081; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.6<br />(56.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF9B37; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.0<br />(66.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF7600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.3<br />(75.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF6000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.5<br />(81.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF4400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.5<br />(88.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF3B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.9<br />(91.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF3F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.3<br />(90.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF6100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.4<br />(81.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF850B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.2<br />(72.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFAC5A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.4<br />(61.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFC58C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.8<br />(55.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF2D00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">34.9<br />(94.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFF7EF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.6<br />(42.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFEFE0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.7<br />(44.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFD4A9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.7<br />(51.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFB163; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.8<br />(60.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF9932; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.3<br />(66.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF8206; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.5<br />(72.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF7700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.1<br />(75.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF7900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.9<br />(75.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF9429; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.0<br />(68.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFB66E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.0<br />(59.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFDBB7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.7<br />(49.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFF1E4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.4<br />(43.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFB66E; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">15.0<br />(59.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #F7F7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.1<br />(37.6) </td> <td style="background: #F9F9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.5<br />(38.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFF1E4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.4<br />(43.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFD4AA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.6<br />(51.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFBC7A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.1<br />(57.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFA74F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.2<br />(63.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF9C39; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.8<br />(65.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF9E3E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.5<br />(65.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFB76F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.9<br />(58.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFD2A5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.0<br />(51.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFEFDF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.8<br />(44.2) </td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.0<br />(39.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFD4A9; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">10.7<br />(51.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #E8E8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.4<br />(32.7) </td> <td style="background: #E8E8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.4<br />(32.7) </td> <td style="background: #F3F3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.3<br />(36.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFF9F3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.3<br />(41.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFE2C5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.7<br />(47.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFCC9A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.8<br />(53.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFC081; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.6<br />(56.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFC184; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.4<br />(56.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFD7AF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.3<br />(50.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFEBD8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.3<br />(45.1) </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.9<br />(39.0) </td> <td style="background: #EEEEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.5<br />(34.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFF0E2; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">6.6<br />(43.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #BEBEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−7.5<br />(18.5) </td> <td style="background: #C3C3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−6.5<br />(20.3) </td> <td style="background: #CFCFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−4.3<br />(24.3) </td> <td style="background: #DFDFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.4<br />(29.5) </td> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.1<br />(35.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFEFE0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.7<br />(44.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFE1C3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.8<br />(47.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFE4C9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.4<br />(47.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFFCFA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.8<br />(40.6) </td> <td style="background: #EAEAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.7<br />(33.3) </td> <td style="background: #D9D9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.5<br />(27.5) </td> <td style="background: #C3C3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−6.5<br />(20.3) </td> <td style="background: #B3B3FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−9.4<br />(15.1) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #6A6AFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−23.0<br />(−9.4) </td> <td style="background: #7979FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−20.2<br />(−4.4) </td> <td style="background: #A6A6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−11.9<br />(10.6) </td> <td style="background: #CACAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−5.3<br />(22.5) </td> <td style="background: #D6D6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−3.0<br />(26.6) </td> <td style="background: #F0F0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.8<br />(35.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFF7EF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.6<br />(42.1) </td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.0<br />(39.2) </td> <td style="background: #E4E4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.5<br />(31.1) </td> <td style="background: #C7C7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−5.7<br />(21.7) </td> <td style="background: #B6B6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−9.0<br />(15.8) </td> <td style="background: #8383FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−18.3<br />(−0.9) </td> <td style="background: #6A6AFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−23.0<br />(−9.4) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #A5FFA5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">60.1<br />(2.37) </td> <td style="background: #AFFFAF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">48.4<br />(1.91) </td> <td style="background: #B2FFB2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">51.5<br />(2.03) </td> <td style="background: #BCFFBC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">43.5<br />(1.71) </td> <td style="background: #96FF96; color:#000000;" class="notheme">70.1<br />(2.76) </td> <td style="background: #81FF81; color:#000000;" class="notheme">81.5<br />(3.21) </td> <td style="background: #81FF81; color:#000000;" class="notheme">83.9<br />(3.30) </td> <td style="background: #7CFF7C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">87.3<br />(3.44) </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">62.5<br />(2.46) </td> <td style="background: #A5FFA5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">60.3<br />(2.37) </td> <td style="background: #A1FFA1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">60.5<br />(2.38) </td> <td style="background: #A9FFA9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">57.6<br />(2.27) </td> <td style="background: #9DFF9D; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">767.1<br />(30.20) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average extreme snow depth cm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #F1F1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.3<br />(1.7) </td> <td style="background: #F6F6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.8<br />(1.1) </td> <td style="background: #F7F7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.5<br />(1.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0<br />(0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0<br />(0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0<br />(0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0<br />(0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0<br />(0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0<br />(0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0<br />(0) </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.5<br />(0.2) </td> <td style="background: #F7F7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.4<br />(0.9) </td> <td style="background: #EAEAFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">6.6<br />(2.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 0.1 mm)</span> </th> <td style="background: #2727FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">17.5 </td> <td style="background: #2B2BFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">15.6 </td> <td style="background: #4949FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14.7 </td> <td style="background: #6666FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12.0 </td> <td style="background: #5151FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14.1 </td> <td style="background: #4B4BFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14.1 </td> <td style="background: #3C3CFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">15.8 </td> <td style="background: #3C3CFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">15.8 </td> <td style="background: #5151FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13.6 </td> <td style="background: #4242FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">15.3 </td> <td style="background: #2727FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">16.9 </td> <td style="background: #1919FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">18.6 </td> <td style="background: #3E3EFF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">183.8 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #7DFF7D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">84.0 </td> <td style="background: #83FF83; color:#000000;" class="notheme">80.0 </td> <td style="background: #8CFF8C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">74.1 </td> <td style="background: #95FF95; color:#000000;" class="notheme">68.5 </td> <td style="background: #91FF91; color:#000000;" class="notheme">71.2 </td> <td style="background: #8FFF8F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">72.5 </td> <td style="background: #90FF90; color:#000000;" class="notheme">71.9 </td> <td style="background: #8CFF8C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">74.3 </td> <td style="background: #85FF85; color:#000000;" class="notheme">78.6 </td> <td style="background: #7EFF7E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">83.3 </td> <td style="background: #7BFF7B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">85.7 </td> <td style="background: #7BFF7B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">85.7 </td> <td style="background: #87FF87; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">77.5 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #686868; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">57.4 </td> <td style="background: #A1A1A1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">80.4 </td> <td style="background: #BCBC3C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">132.9 </td> <td style="background: #D3D300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">177.5 </td> <td style="background: #D8D800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">201.6 </td> <td style="background: #DBDB00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">208.3 </td> <td style="background: #D8D800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">205.6 </td> <td style="background: #D7D700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">197.4 </td> <td style="background: #CACA00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">158.6 </td> <td style="background: #AEAE8E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">103.1 </td> <td style="background: #707070; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">59.3 </td> <td style="background: #595959; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">49.1 </td> <td style="background: #BEBE2D; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,631.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: <a href="/wiki/Deutscher_Wetterdienst" title="Deutscher Wetterdienst">Deutscher Wetterdienst</a> / SKlima.de<sup id="cite_ref-sklima_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sklima-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Note">Note</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonn&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Note"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The data from 1933 to 1999 comes from the Bonn-Friesdorf weather station, and the data from 2000 to date comes from the Bonn-Roleber weather station.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonn&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a chronological guide, see <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Bonn" title="Timeline of Bonn">Timeline of Bonn</a>.</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Founding_and_Roman_period">Founding and Roman period</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonn&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Founding and Roman period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Bonn" title="Special:EditPage/Bonn">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">February 2008</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2008-12-25_Bonn_Sterntor.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/2008-12-25_Bonn_Sterntor.jpg/220px-2008-12-25_Bonn_Sterntor.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/2008-12-25_Bonn_Sterntor.jpg/330px-2008-12-25_Bonn_Sterntor.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/2008-12-25_Bonn_Sterntor.jpg/440px-2008-12-25_Bonn_Sterntor.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3436" data-file-height="2460" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sterntor_(Bonn)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sterntor (Bonn) (page does not exist)">Sterntor</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sterntor_(Bonn)" class="extiw" title="de:Sterntor (Bonn)">de</a>]</span>, originally built <span title="circa">c.</span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1244</span>, is a gate reconstructed on the remnants of the medieval city wall.</figcaption></figure> <p>The history of the city dates back to Roman times. In about 12 BC, the <a href="/wiki/Roman_army" title="Roman army">Roman army</a> appears to have stationed a small unit in what is presently the historical centre of the city. Even earlier, the army had resettled members of a Germanic tribal group allied with Rome, the <a href="/wiki/Ubii" title="Ubii">Ubii</a>, in Bonn. The Latin name for that settlement, "Bonna", may stem from the original population of this and many other settlements in the area, the <a href="/wiki/Eburones" title="Eburones">Eburoni</a>. Bona is <a href="/wiki/Celtic_languages" title="Celtic languages">Celtic</a> for tribe.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Eburoni were members of a large tribal coalition effectively wiped out during the final phase of <a href="/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar">Caesar</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Gallic_Wars" title="Gallic Wars">War in Gaul</a>. After several decades, the army gave up the small camp linked to the Ubii-settlement. During the 1st century <a href="/wiki/Anno_Domini" title="Anno Domini">AD</a>, the army then chose a site to the north of the emerging town in what is now the section of Bonn-Castell to build a large military installation dubbed <a href="/wiki/Castra" title="Castra">Castra</a> Bonnensis, i.e., literally, "Fort Bonn". Initially built from wood, the fort was eventually rebuilt in stone. With additions, changes and new construction, the fort remained in use by the army into the waning days of the <a href="/wiki/Western_Roman_Empire" title="Western Roman Empire">Western Roman Empire</a>, possibly the mid-5th century. The structures themselves remained standing well into the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a>, when they were called the Bonnburg. They were used by <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Franks" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of the Franks">Frankish</a> kings until they fell into disuse. Eventually, much of the building materials seem to have been re-used in the construction of Bonn's 13th-century <a href="/wiki/Defensive_wall" title="Defensive wall">city wall</a>. The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sterntor_(Bonn)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sterntor (Bonn) (page does not exist)">Sterntor</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sterntor" class="extiw" title="de:Sterntor">de</a>]</span> (<i>star gate</i>) in the city center is a reconstruction using the last remnants of the medieval city wall. </p><p>To date, Bonn's Roman fort remains the largest fort of its type known from the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_history" title="Ancient history">ancient world</a>, i.e. a fort built to accommodate a full-strength <a href="/wiki/Roman_legion" title="Roman legion">Imperial Legion</a> and its auxiliaries. The fort covered an area of approximately 250,000 square metres (62 acres). Between its walls it contained a dense grid of streets and a multitude of buildings, ranging from spacious headquarters and large officers' quarters to <a href="/wiki/Barracks" title="Barracks">barracks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stable" title="Stable">stables</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Military_prison" title="Military prison">military jail</a>. Among the legions stationed in Bonn, the "1st", i.e. the <a href="/wiki/Legio_I_Minervia" title="Legio I Minervia">Prima Legio Minervia</a>, seems to have served here the longest. Units of the Bonn legion were deployed to theatres of war ranging from modern-day <a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a> to what is now the Russian republic of <a href="/wiki/Chechnya" title="Chechnya">Chechnya</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Altes_Rathaus_Bonn.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Altes_Rathaus_Bonn.jpg/220px-Altes_Rathaus_Bonn.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="198" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Altes_Rathaus_Bonn.jpg/330px-Altes_Rathaus_Bonn.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Altes_Rathaus_Bonn.jpg/440px-Altes_Rathaus_Bonn.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6064" data-file-height="5466" /></a><figcaption>The <i>Altes Rathaus</i> (old town hall) as seen from the central market square. It was built in 1737 in the <a href="/wiki/Rococo" title="Rococo">Rococo</a> style.</figcaption></figure><p>The chief <a href="/wiki/Roman_roads" title="Roman roads">Roman road</a> linking the provincial capitals of Cologne and <a href="/wiki/Mainz" title="Mainz">Mainz</a> cut right through the fort where it joined the fort's main road (now, Römerstraße). Once past the South Gate, the Cologne–Mainz road continued along what are now streets named Belderberg, Adenauerallee et al. On both sides of the road, the local settlement, <i>Bonna</i>, grew into a sizeable Roman town. Bonn is shown on the 4th century <a href="/wiki/Tabula_Peutingeriana" title="Tabula Peutingeriana">Peutinger Map</a>. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Late_antiquity" title="Late antiquity">late antiquity</a>, much of the town seems to have been destroyed by marauding invaders. The remaining civilian population then took refuge inside the fort along with the remnants of the troops stationed here. During the final decades of Imperial rule, the troops were supplied by <a href="/wiki/Franks" title="Franks">Franci</a> chieftains employed by the Roman administration. When the end came, these troops simply shifted their allegiances to the new barbarian rulers, the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Franks" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of the Franks">Kingdom of the Franks</a>. From the fort, the Bonnburg, as well as from a new medieval settlement to the South centered around what later became the <a href="/wiki/Bonn_Minster" title="Bonn Minster">minster</a>, grew the medieval city of Bonn. Local legends arose from this period that the name of the village came from <a href="/wiki/Saint_Boniface" title="Saint Boniface">Saint Boniface</a> via <a href="/wiki/Vulgar_Latin" title="Vulgar Latin">Vulgar Latin</a> <i>*Bonnifatia</i>, but this proved to be a myth. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Middle_ages_and_early_modern_period">Middle ages and early modern period</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonn&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Middle ages and early modern period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:University_bonn_at_night.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/University_bonn_at_night.jpg/220px-University_bonn_at_night.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/University_bonn_at_night.jpg/330px-University_bonn_at_night.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/University_bonn_at_night.jpg/440px-University_bonn_at_night.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="654" /></a><figcaption>Founded in 1818, the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Bonn" title="University of Bonn">University of Bonn</a> counts <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Nietzsche" title="Friedrich Nietzsche">Nietzsche</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx">Marx</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Konrad_Adenauer" title="Konrad Adenauer">Adenauer</a> among its alumni.</figcaption></figure> <p>Between the 11th and 13th centuries, the <a href="/wiki/Romanesque_architecture" title="Romanesque architecture">Romanesque</a> style Bonn Minster was built, and in 1597 Bonn became the seat of the <a href="/wiki/Diocese" title="Diocese">Archdiocese</a> of <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Cologne" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Cologne">Cologne</a>. The city gained more influence and grew considerably. The city was subject to a major bombardment during the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Bonn_(1689)" title="Siege of Bonn (1689)">Siege of Bonn</a> in 1689. Bonn was then returned to Cologne where it remained the capital at the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Ryswick" class="mw-redirect" title="Treaty of Ryswick">Peace of Ryswick</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Electorate_of_Cologne" title="Electorate of Cologne">elector</a> <a href="/wiki/Clemens_August_of_Bavaria" title="Clemens August of Bavaria">Clemens August</a> (ruled 1723–1761) ordered the construction of a series of <a href="/wiki/Baroque" title="Baroque">Baroque</a> buildings which still give the city its character. Another memorable ruler was <a href="/wiki/Archduke_Maximilian_Francis_of_Austria" title="Archduke Maximilian Francis of Austria">Max Franz</a> (ruled 1784–1794), who founded the university and the spa quarter of <a href="/wiki/Bad_Godesberg" title="Bad Godesberg">Bad Godesberg</a>. In addition he was a patron of the young <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_van_Beethoven" title="Ludwig van Beethoven">Ludwig van Beethoven</a>, who was born in Bonn in 1770; the elector financed the composer's first journey to <a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a>. </p><p>In 1794, the city was seized by French troops, becoming a part of the <a href="/wiki/First_French_Empire" title="First French Empire">First French Empire</a>. In 1815 following the <a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars" title="Napoleonic Wars">Napoleonic Wars</a>, Bonn became part of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Prussia" title="Kingdom of Prussia">Kingdom of Prussia</a>. Administered within the Prussian <a href="/wiki/Rhine_Province" title="Rhine Province">Rhine Province</a>, the city became part of the <a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">German Empire</a> in 1871 during the Prussian-led <a href="/wiki/Unification_of_Germany" title="Unification of Germany">unification of Germany</a>. Bonn was of little relevance in these years. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="20th_century_and_the_"Bonn_Republic""><span id="20th_century_and_the_.22Bonn_Republic.22"></span>20th century and the "Bonn Republic"</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonn&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: 20th century and the "Bonn Republic""><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Berlin-Bonn_Act" title="Berlin-Bonn Act">Berlin-Bonn Act</a> and <a href="/wiki/Decision_on_the_Capital_of_Germany" title="Decision on the Capital of Germany">Decision on the Capital of Germany</a></div> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a>, Bonn acquired military significance because of its strategic location on the Rhine, which formed a natural barrier to easy penetration into the German heartland from the west. The Allied ground advance into Germany reached Bonn on 7 March 1945, and the US <a href="/wiki/1st_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="1st Infantry Division (United States)">1st Infantry Division</a> captured the city during the battle of 8–9 March 1945.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F013859-0009,_Bonn,_Staatsbesuch_Pr%C3%A4sident_Charles_de_Gaulle.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F013859-0009%2C_Bonn%2C_Staatsbesuch_Pr%C3%A4sident_Charles_de_Gaulle.jpg/220px-Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F013859-0009%2C_Bonn%2C_Staatsbesuch_Pr%C3%A4sident_Charles_de_Gaulle.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F013859-0009%2C_Bonn%2C_Staatsbesuch_Pr%C3%A4sident_Charles_de_Gaulle.jpg/330px-Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F013859-0009%2C_Bonn%2C_Staatsbesuch_Pr%C3%A4sident_Charles_de_Gaulle.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F013859-0009%2C_Bonn%2C_Staatsbesuch_Pr%C3%A4sident_Charles_de_Gaulle.jpg/440px-Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F013859-0009%2C_Bonn%2C_Staatsbesuch_Pr%C3%A4sident_Charles_de_Gaulle.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3816" data-file-height="2874" /></a><figcaption>French president <a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Gaulle" title="Charles de Gaulle">Charles de Gaulle</a> on state visit to Bonn (1962), the capital of <a href="/wiki/West_Germany" title="West Germany">West Germany</a> until <a href="/wiki/German_reunification" title="German reunification">German reunification</a></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Aftermath_of_World_War_II" title="Aftermath of World War II">After</a> the Second World War, Bonn was in the British zone of occupation. Following the advocacy of West Germany's first chancellor, <a href="/wiki/Konrad_Adenauer" title="Konrad Adenauer">Konrad Adenauer</a>, a former Cologne Mayor and a native of that area, Bonn became the <i>de facto</i> capital, officially designated the "temporary seat of the Federal institutions," of the newly formed Federal Republic of Germany in 1949. However, the Bundestag, seated in Bonn's <a href="/wiki/Bundeshaus_(Bonn)" title="Bundeshaus (Bonn)">Bundeshaus</a>, affirmed <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>'s status as the German capital. Bonn was chosen as the provisional capital and seat of government despite the fact that <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_am_Main" class="mw-redirect" title="Frankfurt am Main">Frankfurt</a> already had most of the required facilities and using Bonn was estimated to be 95 million DM more expensive than using Frankfurt. Bonn was chosen because Adenauer and other prominent politicians intended to make Berlin the capital of the reunified Germany, and they felt that locating the capital in a major city like Frankfurt or <a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a> would imply a permanent capital and even weaken support in West Germany for reunification. </p><p>In 1949, the <a href="/wiki/Parlamentarischer_Rat" title="Parlamentarischer Rat">Parliamentary Council</a> in Bonn drafted and adopted the current German constitution, the <a href="/wiki/Basic_Law_for_the_Federal_Republic_of_Germany" title="Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany">Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany</a>. As the political centre of West Germany, Bonn saw six <a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_Germany" title="Chancellor of Germany">Chancellors</a> and six <a href="/wiki/President_of_Germany" title="President of Germany">Presidents</a> of the Federal Republic of Germany. Bonn's time as the capital of West Germany is commonly referred to as the <i><a href="/wiki/Bonn_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Bonn Republic">Bonn Republic</a></i>, in contrast to the <i><a href="/wiki/Berlin_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Berlin Republic">Berlin Republic</a></i> which followed reunification in 1990.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="After_national_reunification">After national reunification</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonn&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: After national reunification"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Villa_Hammerschmidt_Bonn_Seite_Adenauerallee_20080831.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Villa_Hammerschmidt_Bonn_Seite_Adenauerallee_20080831.jpg/220px-Villa_Hammerschmidt_Bonn_Seite_Adenauerallee_20080831.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Villa_Hammerschmidt_Bonn_Seite_Adenauerallee_20080831.jpg/330px-Villa_Hammerschmidt_Bonn_Seite_Adenauerallee_20080831.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Villa_Hammerschmidt_Bonn_Seite_Adenauerallee_20080831.jpg/440px-Villa_Hammerschmidt_Bonn_Seite_Adenauerallee_20080831.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3532" data-file-height="1972" /></a><figcaption>Between 1950 and 1994, <a href="/wiki/Hammerschmidt_Villa" title="Hammerschmidt Villa">Villa Hammerschmidt</a> was the primary official residence of the <a href="/wiki/President_of_Germany" title="President of Germany">President of Germany</a>. Today it serves as the President's secondary residence.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/German_reunification" title="German reunification">German reunification</a> in 1990 made Berlin the nominal capital of Germany again. This decision, however, did not mandate that the republic's political institutions would also move. While some argued for the seat of government to move to Berlin, others advocated leaving it in Bonn – a situation roughly analogous to that of the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>, where <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a> is the capital but <a href="/wiki/The_Hague" title="The Hague">The Hague</a> is the seat of government. Berlin's previous history as united Germany's capital was strongly connected with the <a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">German Empire</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Weimar_Republic" title="Weimar Republic">Weimar Republic</a> and more ominously with both <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a> and <a href="/wiki/Prussia" title="Prussia">Prussia</a>. It was felt that a new peacefully united Germany should not be governed from a city connected to such overtones of war. Additionally, Bonn was closer to <a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a>, headquarters of the <a href="/wiki/European_Economic_Community" title="European Economic Community">European Economic Community</a>. Former West German chancellor and mayor of <a href="/wiki/West_Berlin" title="West Berlin">West Berlin</a> <a href="/wiki/Willy_Brandt" title="Willy Brandt">Willy Brandt</a> caused considerable offence to the Western Allies during the debate by stating that France would not have kept the seat of government at <a href="/wiki/Vichy_France" title="Vichy France">Vichy</a> after Liberation.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The heated debate that <a href="/wiki/Decision_on_the_Capital_of_Germany" title="Decision on the Capital of Germany">resulted</a> was settled by the <i><a href="/wiki/Bundestag" title="Bundestag">Bundestag</a></i> (Germany's parliament) only on 20 June 1991. By a vote of 338–320,<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Bundestag voted to move the seat of government to Berlin. The vote broke largely along regional lines, with legislators from the south and west favouring Bonn and legislators from the north and east voting for Berlin.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It also broke along generational lines as well; older legislators with memories of Berlin's past glory favoured Berlin, while younger legislators favoured Bonn. Ultimately, the votes of the <a href="/wiki/New_states_of_Germany#Culture" title="New states of Germany">eastern German</a> legislators tipped the balance in favour of Berlin.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From 1990 to 1999, Bonn served as the seat of government of reunited Germany. In recognition of its former status as German capital, it holds the name of Federal City (German: <i lang="de">Bundesstadt</i>). Bonn currently shares the status of Germany's seat of government with Berlin, with the <a href="/wiki/President_of_Germany" title="President of Germany">President</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_Germany" title="Chancellor of Germany">Chancellor</a> and many government ministries (such as <a href="/wiki/Federal_Ministry_of_Food_and_Agriculture_(Germany)" title="Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture (Germany)">Food & Agriculture</a> and <a href="/wiki/Federal_Ministry_of_Defence_(Germany)" title="Federal Ministry of Defence (Germany)">Defence</a>) maintaining large presences in Bonn. Over 8,000 of the 18,000 federal officials remain in Bonn.<sup id="cite_ref-Cowell_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cowell-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A total of 19 United Nations (UN) institutions operate from Bonn today. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politics_and_government">Politics and government</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonn&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Politics and government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ashok_Alexander_Sridharan,_Oberb%C3%BCrgermeister_Bonn.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Ashok_Alexander_Sridharan%2C_Oberb%C3%BCrgermeister_Bonn.jpg/220px-Ashok_Alexander_Sridharan%2C_Oberb%C3%BCrgermeister_Bonn.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Ashok_Alexander_Sridharan%2C_Oberb%C3%BCrgermeister_Bonn.jpg/330px-Ashok_Alexander_Sridharan%2C_Oberb%C3%BCrgermeister_Bonn.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Ashok_Alexander_Sridharan%2C_Oberb%C3%BCrgermeister_Bonn.jpg/440px-Ashok_Alexander_Sridharan%2C_Oberb%C3%BCrgermeister_Bonn.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5760" data-file-height="3840" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ashok-Alexander_Sridharan" title="Ashok-Alexander Sridharan">Ashok-Alexander Sridharan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Christian_Democratic_Union_of_Germany" title="Christian Democratic Union of Germany">CDU</a>) was the mayor of Bonn from 2015 until 2020.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mayor">Mayor</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonn&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Mayor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2020_Bonn_mayoral_election_(2nd_round).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/2020_Bonn_mayoral_election_%282nd_round%29.svg/350px-2020_Bonn_mayoral_election_%282nd_round%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="364" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/2020_Bonn_mayoral_election_%282nd_round%29.svg/525px-2020_Bonn_mayoral_election_%282nd_round%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/2020_Bonn_mayoral_election_%282nd_round%29.svg/700px-2020_Bonn_mayoral_election_%282nd_round%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1213" data-file-height="1262" /></a><figcaption>Results of the second round of the 2020 mayoral election</figcaption></figure> <p>The current mayor of Bonn is <a href="/wiki/Katja_D%C3%B6rner" title="Katja Dörner">Katja Dörner</a> of <a href="/wiki/Alliance_90/The_Greens" title="Alliance 90/The Greens">Alliance 90/The Greens</a> since 2020. She defeated incumbent mayor <a href="/wiki/Ashok-Alexander_Sridharan" title="Ashok-Alexander Sridharan">Ashok-Alexander Sridharan</a> in the most recent mayoral election, which was held on 13 September 2020, with a runoff held on 27 September. The results were as follows: </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:right; font-size: 95%;"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2" colspan="2">Candidate </th> <th rowspan="2">Party </th> <th colspan="2">First round </th> <th colspan="2">Second round </th></tr> <tr> <th>Votes </th> <th>% </th> <th>Votes </th> <th>% </th></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#151518"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Ashok-Alexander_Sridharan" title="Ashok-Alexander Sridharan">Ashok-Alexander Sridharan</a> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Christian_Democratic_Union_of_Germany" title="Christian Democratic Union of Germany">Christian Democratic Union</a> </td> <td><b>48,454</b> </td> <td><b>34.5</b> </td> <td>52,762 </td> <td>43.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#409A3C"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Katja_D%C3%B6rner" title="Katja Dörner">Katja Dörner</a> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Alliance_90/The_Greens" title="Alliance 90/The Greens">Alliance 90/The Greens</a> </td> <td>38,793 </td> <td>27.6 </td> <td><b>67,880</b> </td> <td><b>56.3</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#E3000F"> </td> <td align="left">Lissi von Bülow </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Germany" title="Social Democratic Party of Germany">Social Democratic Party</a> </td> <td>28,389 </td> <td>20.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td align="left">Christoph Artur Manka </td> <td align="left">Citizens' League Bonn </td> <td>8,694 </td> <td>6.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#BE3075"> </td> <td align="left">Michael Faber </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/The_Left_(Germany)" title="The Left (Germany)">The Left</a> </td> <td>7,032 </td> <td>5.0 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#FFED00"> </td> <td align="left">Werner Hümmrich </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Free_Democratic_Party_(Germany)" title="Free Democratic Party (Germany)">Free Democratic Party</a> </td> <td>4,853 </td> <td>3.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#B5152B"> </td> <td align="left">Frank Rudolf Christian Findeiß </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Die_PARTEI" title="Die PARTEI">Die PARTEI</a> </td> <td>2,873 </td> <td>2.0 </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td align="left">Kaisa Ilunga </td> <td align="left">Alliance for Innovation and Justice </td> <td>1,507 </td> <td>1.1 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3">Valid votes </th> <th>140,595 </th> <th>99.1 </th> <th>120,642 </th> <th>99.5 </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3">Invalid votes </th> <th>1,219 </th> <th>0.9 </th> <th>627 </th> <th>0.5 </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3">Total </th> <th>141,814 </th> <th>100.0 </th> <th>121,269 </th> <th>100.0 </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3">Electorate/voter turnout </th> <th>249,091 </th> <th>56.9 </th> <th>249,098 </th> <th>48.7 </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="7">Source: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wahlergebnisse.nrw/kommunalwahlen/2020/aktuell/b314000kw2000.shtml">State Returning Officer</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="City_council">City council</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonn&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: City council"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2020_Bonn_City_Council_election.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/2020_Bonn_City_Council_election.svg/350px-2020_Bonn_City_Council_election.svg.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="329" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/2020_Bonn_City_Council_election.svg/525px-2020_Bonn_City_Council_election.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/2020_Bonn_City_Council_election.svg/700px-2020_Bonn_City_Council_election.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1343" data-file-height="1262" /></a><figcaption>Results of the 2020 city council election</figcaption></figure> <p>The Bonn city council governs the city alongside the mayor. It used to be based in the <a href="/wiki/Rococo" title="Rococo">Rococo</a>-style <i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Altes Rathaus</i></span></i> (old city hall), built in 1737, located adjacent to Bonn's central market square. However, due to the enlargement of Bonn in 1969 through the incorporation of Beuel and Bad Godesberg, it moved into the larger Stadthaus facilities further north. This was necessary for the city council to accommodate an increased number of representatives. The mayor of Bonn still sits in the <i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Altes Rathaus</i></span></i>, which is also used for representative and official purposes. </p><p>The most recent city council election was held on 13 September 2020, and the results were as follows: </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:right; font-size: 95%;"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Party </th> <th>Votes </th> <th>% </th> <th>+/- </th> <th>Seats </th> <th>+/- </th></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#409A3C"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Alliance_90/The_Greens" title="Alliance 90/The Greens">Alliance 90/The Greens</a> (Grüne) </td> <td>39,311 </td> <td>27.9 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 9.2 </td> <td>19 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 3 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#151518"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Christian_Democratic_Union_of_Germany" title="Christian Democratic Union of Germany">Christian Democratic Union</a> (CDU) </td> <td>36,315 </td> <td>25.7 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 4.7 </td> <td>17 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 10 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#E3000F"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Germany" title="Social Democratic Party of Germany">Social Democratic Party</a> (SPD) </td> <td>21,956 </td> <td>15.6 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 7.9 </td> <td>11 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 9 </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td align="left">Citizens' League Bonn (BBB) </td> <td>9,948 </td> <td>7.1 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 2.0 </td> <td>5 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#BE3075"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/The_Left_(Germany)" title="The Left (Germany)">The Left</a> (Die Linke) </td> <td>8,745 </td> <td>6.2 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.0 </td> <td>4 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#FFED00"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Free_Democratic_Party_(Germany)" title="Free Democratic Party (Germany)">Free Democratic Party</a> (FDP) </td> <td>7,268 </td> <td>5.2 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 3.0 </td> <td>3 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 4 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#502379"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Volt_Europa#Germany" title="Volt Europa">Volt Germany</a> (Volt) </td> <td>7,148 </td> <td>5.1 </td> <td>New </td> <td>3 </td> <td>New </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#00A2DE"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Alternative_for_Germany" title="Alternative for Germany">Alternative for Germany</a> (AfD) </td> <td>4,569 </td> <td>3.2 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.4 </td> <td>2 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#B5152B"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Die_PARTEI" title="Die PARTEI">Die PARTEI</a> (PARTEI) </td> <td>3,095 </td> <td>2.2 </td> <td>New </td> <td>1 </td> <td>New </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td align="left">Alliance for Innovation and Justice (BIG) </td> <td>1,775 </td> <td>1.3 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.2 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>±0 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="7" bgcolor="lightgrey"> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#FF820A"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Pirate_Party_Germany" title="Pirate Party Germany">Pirate Party Germany</a> (Piraten) </td> <td>869 </td> <td>0.6 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1.6 </td> <td>0 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 2 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#DCDCDC"> </td> <td align="left">Independents </td> <td>101 </td> <td>0.1 </td> <td>– </td> <td>0 </td> <td>– </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">Valid votes </th> <th>141,100 </th> <th>99.3 </th> <th> </th> <th> </th> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">Invalid votes </th> <th>1,052 </th> <th>0.7 </th> <th> </th> <th> </th> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">Total </th> <th>142,152 </th> <th>100.0 </th> <th> </th> <th>66 </th> <th><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 20 </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">Electorate/voter turnout </th> <th>249,091 </th> <th>57.1 </th> <th><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.3 </th> <th> </th> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="7">Source: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wahlergebnisse.nrw/kommunalwahlen/2020/aktuell/a314000kw2000.shtml">State Returning Officer</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="State_government">State government</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonn&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: State government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Four delegates represent the Federal city of Bonn in the <a href="/wiki/Landtag" title="Landtag">Landtag</a> of <a href="/wiki/Landtag_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="Landtag of North Rhine-Westphalia">North Rhine-Westphalia</a>. The last election took place in May 2022. The current delegates are Guido Déus (<a href="/wiki/Christian_Democratic_Union_of_Germany" title="Christian Democratic Union of Germany">CDU</a>), Christos Katzidis (CDU), Joachim Stamp (<a href="/wiki/Free_Democratic_Party_(Germany)" title="Free Democratic Party (Germany)">FDP</a>), Tim Achtermeyer (Greens) and Dr. Julia Höller (Greens) </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Federal_government">Federal government</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonn&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Federal government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bonn's <a href="/wiki/Electoral_district" title="Electoral district">constituency</a> is called <i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Bundeswahlkreis Bonn</i></span></i> (096). In the <a href="/wiki/German_federal_election,_2017" class="mw-redirect" title="German federal election, 2017">German federal election 2017</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ulrich_Kelber" title="Ulrich Kelber">Ulrich Kelber</a> (<a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Germany" title="Social Democratic Party of Germany">SPD</a>) was elected a member of <a href="/wiki/Bundestag" title="Bundestag">German Federal parliament, the Bundestag</a> by direct mandate. It is his fifth term. <a href="/wiki/Katja_D%C3%B6rner" title="Katja Dörner">Katja Dörner</a> representing Bündnis 90/Die Grünen and <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Graf_Lambsdorff" title="Alexander Graf Lambsdorff">Alexander Graf Lambsdorff</a> for <a href="/wiki/Free_Democratic_Party_of_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Free Democratic Party of Germany">FDP</a> were elected as well. Kelber resigned in 2019 because he was appointed <a href="/wiki/Federal_Commissioner_for_Data_Protection_and_Freedom_of_Information" title="Federal Commissioner for Data Protection and Freedom of Information">Federal Commissioner for Data Protection and Freedom of Information</a>. As Dörner was elected Lord Mayor of Bonn in September 2020, she resigned as a member of parliament after her entry into office. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonn&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Beethoven's birthplace is located in Bonngasse near the market place. Next to the market place is the Old City Hall, built in 1737 in <a href="/wiki/Rococo" title="Rococo">Rococo</a> style, under the rule of <a href="/wiki/Clemens_August_of_Bavaria" title="Clemens August of Bavaria">Clemens August of Bavaria</a>. It is used for receptions of guests of the city, and as an office for the mayor. Nearby is the <i><a href="/wiki/Electoral_Palace,_Bonn" title="Electoral Palace, Bonn">Kurfürstliches Schloss</a></i>, built as a residence for the prince-elector and now the main building of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Bonn" title="University of Bonn">University of Bonn</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bonner_M%C3%BCnster.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Bonner_M%C3%BCnster.jpg/220px-Bonner_M%C3%BCnster.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Bonner_M%C3%BCnster.jpg/330px-Bonner_M%C3%BCnster.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Bonner_M%C3%BCnster.jpg/440px-Bonner_M%C3%BCnster.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4333" data-file-height="3312" /></a><figcaption>Erected in the 11th and 13th century, the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Roman Catholic</a> <a href="/wiki/Bonn_Minster" title="Bonn Minster">Minster of Bonn</a> is one of Germany's oldest churches.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <i>Poppelsdorfer Allee</i> is an avenue flanked by <a href="/wiki/Chestnut" title="Chestnut">Chestnut</a> trees which had the first <a href="/wiki/Horsecar" title="Horsecar">horsecar</a> of the city. It connects the <i>Kurfürstliches Schloss</i> with the <i><a href="/wiki/Poppelsdorfer_Schloss" class="mw-redirect" title="Poppelsdorfer Schloss">Poppelsdorfer Schloss</a></i>, a palace that was built as a resort for the prince-electors in the first half of the 18th century, and whose grounds are now a <a href="/wiki/Botanical_garden" title="Botanical garden">botanical garden</a> (the <a href="/wiki/Botanischer_Garten_Bonn" class="mw-redirect" title="Botanischer Garten Bonn">Botanischer Garten Bonn</a>). This axis is interrupted by a railway line and <a href="/wiki/Bonn_Hauptbahnhof" title="Bonn Hauptbahnhof">Bonn Hauptbahnhof</a>, a building erected in 1883/84. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Beethoven_Monument_(Bonn)" class="mw-redirect" title="Beethoven Monument (Bonn)">Beethoven Monument</a> stands on the Münsterplatz, which is flanked by the <a href="/wiki/Bonn_Minster" title="Bonn Minster">Bonn Minster</a>, one of Germany's oldest churches. </p><p>The three highest structures in the city are the <a href="/wiki/Westdeutscher_Rundfunk" title="Westdeutscher Rundfunk">WDR</a> <a href="/wiki/Radio_masts_and_towers" title="Radio masts and towers">radio mast</a> in Bonn-Venusberg (180 m or 590 ft), the headquarters of the <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Post" title="Deutsche Post">Deutsche Post</a> called <i><a href="/wiki/Post_Tower" title="Post Tower">Post Tower</a></i> (162.5 m or 533 ft) and the former building for the German members of parliament <i><a href="/wiki/Langer_Eugen" title="Langer Eugen">Langer Eugen</a></i> (114.7 m or 376 ft) now the location of the UN Campus. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Churches">Churches</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonn&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Churches"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bonn_Minster" title="Bonn Minster">Bonn Minster</a><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doppelkirche_Schwarzrheindorf" title="Doppelkirche Schwarzrheindorf">Doppelkirche Schwarzrheindorf</a> built in 1151</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alter_Friedhof,_Bonn" title="Alter Friedhof, Bonn">Old Cemetery Bonn</a> (<i>Alter Friedhof</i>), one of the best known cemeteries in Germany</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kreuzbergkirche&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kreuzbergkirche (page does not exist)">Kreuzbergkirche</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kreuzbergkirche" class="extiw" title="de:Kreuzbergkirche">de</a>]</span>, built in 1627 with <a href="/wiki/Johann_Balthasar_Neumann" class="mw-redirect" title="Johann Balthasar Neumann">Johann Balthasar Neumann</a>'s <i>Heilige Stiege</i>, it is a stairway for Christian pilgrims</li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Remigius,_Bonn" title="St. Remigius, Bonn">St. Remigius</a>, where Beethoven was baptized</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Castles_and_residences">Castles and residences</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonn&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Castles and residences"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Godesburg" title="Godesburg">Godesburg</a> fortress ruins<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The Röttgen suburb was once home to <a href="/wiki/Schloss_Herzogsfreude" title="Schloss Herzogsfreude">Schloss Herzogsfreude</a>, now lost, but once a hunting lodge of elector Clemens August.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern_buildings">Modern buildings</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonn&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Modern buildings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Beethovenhalle,_Bonn,_interior_2007.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Beethovenhalle%2C_Bonn%2C_interior_2007.jpg/220px-Beethovenhalle%2C_Bonn%2C_interior_2007.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Beethovenhalle%2C_Bonn%2C_interior_2007.jpg/330px-Beethovenhalle%2C_Bonn%2C_interior_2007.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Beethovenhalle%2C_Bonn%2C_interior_2007.jpg/440px-Beethovenhalle%2C_Bonn%2C_interior_2007.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Beethovenhalle" title="Beethovenhalle">Beethovenhalle</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beethovenhalle" title="Beethovenhalle">Beethovenhalle</a></li> <li>Bundesviertel (federal quarter) with many government structures including <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Post_Tower" title="Post Tower">Post Tower</a>, the tallest building in the state <a href="/wiki/North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="North Rhine-Westphalia">North Rhine-Westphalia</a>, housing the headquarters of <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Post" title="Deutsche Post">Deutsche Post</a>/<a href="/wiki/DHL_Express" class="mw-redirect" title="DHL Express">DHL</a></li> <li>Maritim Bonn, five-star hotel and convention centre</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sch%C3%BCrmann-Bau" title="Schürmann-Bau">Schürmann-Bau</a>, headquarters of <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Welle" title="Deutsche Welle">Deutsche Welle</a></li> <li>Langer Eugen, since 2006 the centre of the United Nations Campus, formerly housing the offices of the members of the German parliament</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Telekom" title="Deutsche Telekom">Deutsche Telekom</a> headquarters</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telekom_Deutschland" title="Telekom Deutschland">Telekom Deutschland</a> headquarters</li> <li>Kameha Grand, five-star hotel</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Museums">Museums</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonn&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Museums"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kunst-_und_Ausstellungshalle_der_Bundesrepublik_Deutschland_-_Bundeskunsthalle-9245.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Kunst-_und_Ausstellungshalle_der_Bundesrepublik_Deutschland_-_Bundeskunsthalle-9245.jpg/260px-Kunst-_und_Ausstellungshalle_der_Bundesrepublik_Deutschland_-_Bundeskunsthalle-9245.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Kunst-_und_Ausstellungshalle_der_Bundesrepublik_Deutschland_-_Bundeskunsthalle-9245.jpg/390px-Kunst-_und_Ausstellungshalle_der_Bundesrepublik_Deutschland_-_Bundeskunsthalle-9245.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Kunst-_und_Ausstellungshalle_der_Bundesrepublik_Deutschland_-_Bundeskunsthalle-9245.jpg/520px-Kunst-_und_Ausstellungshalle_der_Bundesrepublik_Deutschland_-_Bundeskunsthalle-9245.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5182" data-file-height="2204" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Kunst-_und_Ausstellungshalle_der_Bundesrepublik_Deutschland" title="Kunst- und Ausstellungshalle der Bundesrepublik Deutschland">Bundeskunsthalle</a> focuses on the cultural heritage outside of Germany or Europe, at the crossroads of culture, the arts, and science.</figcaption></figure> <p>Just as Bonn's other four major museums, the <i><a href="/wiki/Haus_der_Geschichte" title="Haus der Geschichte">Haus der Geschichte</a></i> or Museum of the History of the Federal Republic of Germany, is located on the so-called <i>Museumsmeile</i> ("Museum Mile")<i>.</i> The Haus der Geschichte is one of the foremost German museums of contemporary German history, with branches in <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Leipzig" title="Leipzig">Leipzig</a>. In its permanent exhibition, the Haus der Geschichte presents German history from 1945 until the present, also shedding light on Bonn's own role as former capital of West Germany. Numerous temporary exhibitions emphasize different features, such as Nazism or important personalities in German history.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <i><a href="/wiki/Kunstmuseum_Bonn" title="Kunstmuseum Bonn">Kunstmuseum Bonn</a></i> or Bonn Museum of Modern Art is an art museum founded in 1947. The Kunstmuseum exhibits both temporary exhibitions and its permanent collection. The latter is focused on Rhenish <a href="/wiki/Expressionism" title="Expressionism">Expressionism</a> and post-war German art.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> German artists on display include <a href="/wiki/Georg_Baselitz" title="Georg Baselitz">Georg Baselitz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Beuys" title="Joseph Beuys">Joseph Beuys</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hanne_Darboven" title="Hanne Darboven">Hanne Darboven</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anselm_Kiefer" title="Anselm Kiefer">Anselm Kiefer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blinky_Palermo" title="Blinky Palermo">Blinky Palermo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wolf_Vostell" title="Wolf Vostell">Wolf Vostell</a>. The museum owns one of the largest collections of artwork by Expressionist painter <a href="/wiki/August_Macke" title="August Macke">August Macke</a>. His work is also on display in the <a href="/wiki/August-Macke-Haus" title="August-Macke-Haus">August-Macke-Haus</a>, located in Macke's former home where he lived from 1911 to 1914. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2014-06-12_Museum_Koenig,_Bonn_IMG_5509.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/2014-06-12_Museum_Koenig%2C_Bonn_IMG_5509.jpg/310px-2014-06-12_Museum_Koenig%2C_Bonn_IMG_5509.jpg" decoding="async" width="310" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/2014-06-12_Museum_Koenig%2C_Bonn_IMG_5509.jpg/465px-2014-06-12_Museum_Koenig%2C_Bonn_IMG_5509.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/2014-06-12_Museum_Koenig%2C_Bonn_IMG_5509.jpg/620px-2014-06-12_Museum_Koenig%2C_Bonn_IMG_5509.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3879" data-file-height="1694" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Museum_Koenig" class="mw-redirect" title="Museum Koenig">Museum Koenig</a> is Bonn's <a href="/wiki/Natural_history" title="Natural history">natural history</a> museum.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Kunst-_und_Ausstellungshalle_der_Bundesrepublik_Deutschland" title="Kunst- und Ausstellungshalle der Bundesrepublik Deutschland"><i>Bundeskunsthalle</i></a> (full name: Kunst- und Ausstellungshalle der Bundesrepublik Deutschland or Art and Exhibition Hall of the Federal Republic of Germany), focuses on the crossroads of culture, arts, and science. To date, it attracted more than 17 million visitors.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of its main objectives is to show the <a href="/wiki/Cultural_heritage" title="Cultural heritage">cultural heritage</a> outside of Germany or Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Next to its changing exhibitions, the Bundeskunsthalle regularly hosts concerts, discussion panels, congresses, and lectures. </p><p>The <i><a href="/wiki/Museum_Koenig" class="mw-redirect" title="Museum Koenig">Museum Koenig</a></i> is Bonn's natural history museum. Affiliated with the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Bonn" title="University of Bonn">University of Bonn</a>, it is also a <a href="/wiki/Zoology" title="Zoology">zoological</a> research institution housing the <i>Leibniz-Institut für Biodiversität der Tiere</i>. Politically interesting, it is on the premises of the Museum Koenig where the <a href="/wiki/Parlamentarischer_Rat" title="Parlamentarischer Rat">Parlamentarischer Rat</a> first met.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <i><a href="/wiki/Deutsches_Museum_Bonn" title="Deutsches Museum Bonn">Deutsches Museum Bonn</a></i>, affiliated with one of the world's foremost science museums, the <a href="/wiki/Deutsches_Museum" title="Deutsches Museum">Deutsches Museum</a> in Munich, is an interactive science museum focusing on post-war German scientists, engineers, and inventions.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other museums include the <a href="/wiki/Beethoven_House" title="Beethoven House">Beethoven House</a>, birthplace of <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_van_Beethoven" title="Ludwig van Beethoven">Ludwig van Beethoven</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Rheinisches_Landesmuseum_Bonn" title="Rheinisches Landesmuseum Bonn">Rheinisches Landesmuseum Bonn</a> (Rhinish Regional Museum Bonn), the <a href="/wiki/Bonn_Women%27s_Museum" title="Bonn Women's Museum">Bonn Women's Museum</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Rheinisches_Malermuseum" title="Rheinisches Malermuseum">Rheinisches Malermuseum</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Arithmeum" title="Arithmeum">Arithmeum</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nature">Nature</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonn&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Nature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Siebengebirge_schloss_drachenburg_ds_wv_09_2008.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Siebengebirge_schloss_drachenburg_ds_wv_09_2008.jpg/170px-Siebengebirge_schloss_drachenburg_ds_wv_09_2008.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Siebengebirge_schloss_drachenburg_ds_wv_09_2008.jpg/255px-Siebengebirge_schloss_drachenburg_ds_wv_09_2008.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Siebengebirge_schloss_drachenburg_ds_wv_09_2008.jpg/340px-Siebengebirge_schloss_drachenburg_ds_wv_09_2008.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1254" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Schloss_Drachenburg" title="Schloss Drachenburg">Drachenburg Castle</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Siebengebirge" title="Siebengebirge">Siebengebirge</a> south of Bonn</figcaption></figure> <p>There are several parks, leisure and protected areas in and around Bonn. The <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rheinaue&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rheinaue (page does not exist)">Rheinaue</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rheinaue" class="extiw" title="de:Rheinaue">de</a>]</span></i> is Bonn's most important leisure park, with its role being comparable to what <a href="/wiki/Central_Park" title="Central Park">Central Park</a> is for New York City. It lies on the banks of the Rhine and is the city's biggest park intra muros. The Rhine promenade and the <i>Alter Zoll</i> (Old Toll Station) are in direct neighbourhood of the city centre and are popular amongst both residents and visitors. The <i><a href="/wiki/Arboretum_Park_H%C3%A4rle" title="Arboretum Park Härle">Arboretum Park Härle</a></i> is an <a href="/wiki/Arboretum" title="Arboretum">arboretum</a> with specimens dating to back to 1870. The <i><a href="/wiki/Botanical_Garden,_Bonn" title="Botanical Garden, Bonn">Botanischer Garten</a></i> (Botanical Garden) is affiliated with the university. The natural reserve of <i><a href="/wiki/Kottenforst" title="Kottenforst">Kottenforst</a></i> is a large area of protected woods on the hills west of the city centre. It is about 40 square kilometres (15 square miles) in area and part of the <a href="/wiki/Rhineland_Nature_Park" title="Rhineland Nature Park">Rhineland Nature Park</a> (1,045 km<sup>2</sup> or 403 sq mi). </p><p>In the very south of the city, on the border with <a href="/wiki/Wachtberg" title="Wachtberg">Wachtberg</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rhineland-Palatinate" title="Rhineland-Palatinate">Rhineland-Palatinate</a>, there is an extinct volcano, the <a href="/wiki/Rodderberg" title="Rodderberg">Rodderberg</a>, featuring a popular area for hikes. Also south of the city, there is the <a href="/wiki/Siebengebirge" title="Siebengebirge">Siebengebirge</a> which is part of the lower half of the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Rhine" title="Middle Rhine">Middle Rhine</a> region. The nearby upper half of the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Rhine" title="Middle Rhine">Middle Rhine</a> from <a href="/wiki/Bingen_am_Rhein" title="Bingen am Rhein">Bingen</a> to <a href="/wiki/Koblenz" title="Koblenz">Koblenz</a> is a <a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Europe">UNESCO World Heritage Site</a> with more than 40 castles and fortresses from the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a> and important German vineyards. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transportation">Transportation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonn&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Transportation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Air_traffic">Air traffic</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonn&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Air traffic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Koeln-Bonn-Airport11.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Koeln-Bonn-Airport11.JPG/190px-Koeln-Bonn-Airport11.JPG" decoding="async" width="190" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Koeln-Bonn-Airport11.JPG/285px-Koeln-Bonn-Airport11.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Koeln-Bonn-Airport11.JPG/380px-Koeln-Bonn-Airport11.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2805" data-file-height="1689" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Cologne_Bonn_Airport" title="Cologne Bonn Airport">international airport of Cologne and Bonn</a> (<a href="/wiki/International_Air_Transport_Association_airport_code" class="mw-redirect" title="International Air Transport Association airport code">IATA</a>: CGN) is Germany's <a href="/wiki/List_of_the_busiest_airports_in_Germany" title="List of the busiest airports in Germany">seventh-largest</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Named after <a href="/wiki/Konrad_Adenauer" title="Konrad Adenauer">Konrad Adenauer</a>, the first post-war Chancellor of West Germany, <a href="/wiki/Cologne_Bonn_Airport" title="Cologne Bonn Airport">Cologne Bonn Airport</a> is situated 15 kilometres (9.3 miles) north-east from the city centre of Bonn. With around 10.3 million passengers passing through it in 2015, it is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_the_busiest_airports_in_Germany" title="List of the busiest airports in Germany">seventh-largest passenger airport in Germany</a> and the third-largest in terms of cargo operations. By traffic units, which combines cargo and passengers, the airport is in fifth position in Germany.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of March 2015, Cologne Bonn Airport had services to 115 passenger destinations in 35 countries.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The airport is one of Germany's few 24-hour airports, and is a hub for <a href="/wiki/Eurowings" title="Eurowings">Eurowings</a> and cargo operators <a href="/wiki/FedEx_Express" title="FedEx Express">FedEx Express</a> and <a href="/wiki/UPS_Airlines" title="UPS Airlines">UPS Airlines</a>. </p><p>The federal motorway (<i>Autobahn</i>) <a href="/wiki/Bundesautobahn_59" title="Bundesautobahn 59">A59</a> connects the airport with the city. Long distance and regional trains to and from the airport stop at <a href="/wiki/Cologne/Bonn_Airport_station" title="Cologne/Bonn Airport station">Cologne/Bonn Airport station</a>. Another major airport within a one-hour drive by car is <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf_Airport" title="Düsseldorf Airport">Düsseldorf International Airport</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rail_and_bus_system">Rail and bus system</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonn&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Rail and bus system"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2008-07-28_U-Bahnhof_Hauptbahnhof_(Bonn).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/2008-07-28_U-Bahnhof_Hauptbahnhof_%28Bonn%29.jpg/190px-2008-07-28_U-Bahnhof_Hauptbahnhof_%28Bonn%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/2008-07-28_U-Bahnhof_Hauptbahnhof_%28Bonn%29.jpg/285px-2008-07-28_U-Bahnhof_Hauptbahnhof_%28Bonn%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/2008-07-28_U-Bahnhof_Hauptbahnhof_%28Bonn%29.jpg/380px-2008-07-28_U-Bahnhof_Hauptbahnhof_%28Bonn%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2700" data-file-height="1800" /></a><figcaption>The underground <a href="/wiki/Bonn_Stadtbahn" title="Bonn Stadtbahn">Stadtbahn</a> station at <a href="/wiki/Bonn_Hauptbahnhof" title="Bonn Hauptbahnhof">Bonn Hauptbahnhof</a>, Bonn's busiest railway station</figcaption></figure> <p>Bonn's central railway station, <a href="/wiki/Bonn_Hauptbahnhof" title="Bonn Hauptbahnhof">Bonn Hauptbahnhof</a> is the city's main public transportation hub. It lies just outside the old town and near the central university buildings. It is served by regional (<a href="/wiki/Cologne_S-Bahn" class="mw-redirect" title="Cologne S-Bahn">S-Bahn</a> and <a href="/wiki/Regionalbahn" title="Regionalbahn">Regionalbahn</a>) and long-distance (<a href="/wiki/Intercity_(Deutsche_Bahn)" title="Intercity (Deutsche Bahn)">IC</a> and <a href="/wiki/Intercity-Express" class="mw-redirect" title="Intercity-Express">ICE</a>) trains. Daily, more than 67,000 people travel via Bonn Hauptbahnhof. In late 2016, around 80 long distance and more than 165 regional trains departed to or from Bonn every day.<sup id="cite_ref-general041116_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-general041116-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ga.de_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ga.de-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-db041116_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-db041116-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another long-distance station, (<a href="/wiki/Siegburg/Bonn_station" title="Siegburg/Bonn station">Siegburg/Bonn</a>), is located in the nearby town of <a href="/wiki/Siegburg" title="Siegburg">Siegburg</a> and serves as Bonn's station on the <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ln%E2%80%93Frankfurt_high-speed_rail_line" class="mw-redirect" title="Köln–Frankfurt high-speed rail line">high-speed rail line between Cologne and Frankfurt</a>, offering faster connections to Southern Germany. It can be reached by Stadtbahn line 66 (approx. 25 minutes from central Bonn). </p><p>Bonn has a <a href="/wiki/Stadtbahn" title="Stadtbahn">Stadtbahn</a> light rail and a tram system. The <a href="/wiki/Bonn_Stadtbahn" title="Bonn Stadtbahn">Bonn Stadtbahn</a> has 4 regular lines that connect the main north–south axis (centre to <a href="/wiki/Bad_Godesberg" title="Bad Godesberg">Bad Godesberg</a>) and quarters east of the Rhine (<a href="/wiki/Beuel" title="Beuel">Beuel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oberkassel,_Bonn" title="Oberkassel, Bonn">Oberkassel</a>), as well as many nearby towns like <a href="/wiki/Br%C3%BChl_(Rhineland)" title="Brühl (Rhineland)">Brühl</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wesseling" title="Wesseling">Wesseling</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sankt_Augustin" title="Sankt Augustin">Sankt Augustin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Siegburg" title="Siegburg">Siegburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6nigswinter" title="Königswinter">Königswinter</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bad_Honnef" title="Bad Honnef">Bad Honnef</a>. All lines serve the Central Station and two lines continue to Cologne, where they connect to the <a href="/wiki/Cologne_Stadtbahn" title="Cologne Stadtbahn">Cologne Stadtbahn</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Bonn" title="Trams in Bonn">Bonn tram</a> system consists of two lines that connect closer quarters in the south, north and east of Bonn to the Central Station. While the Stadtbahn mostly has its own right-of-way, the tram often operates on general road lanes. A few sections of track are used by both systems. These urban rail lines are supplemented by a bus system of roughly 30 regular lines, especially since some parts of the city like <a href="/wiki/Hardtberg" title="Hardtberg">Hardtberg</a> and most of <a href="/wiki/Bad_Godesberg" title="Bad Godesberg">Bad Godesberg</a> completely lack a Stadtbahn/Tram connection. Several lines offer night services, especially during the weekends. Bonn is part of the <a href="/wiki/Verkehrsverbund_Rhein-Sieg" title="Verkehrsverbund Rhein-Sieg">Verkehrsverbund Rhein-Sieg</a> (<i>Rhine-Sieg Transport Association</i>) which is the public transport association covering the area of the <a href="/wiki/Cologne/Bonn_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Cologne/Bonn Region">Cologne/Bonn Region</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Road_network">Road network</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonn&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Road network"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Region_Bonn_motorways.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Region_Bonn_motorways.png/130px-Region_Bonn_motorways.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Region_Bonn_motorways.png/195px-Region_Bonn_motorways.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Region_Bonn_motorways.png/260px-Region_Bonn_motorways.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>Road network adjacent to Bonn</figcaption></figure> <p>Four <a href="/wiki/Autobahn" title="Autobahn">Autobahns</a> run through or are adjacent to Bonn: the <a href="/wiki/Bundesautobahn_59" title="Bundesautobahn 59">A59</a> (right bank of the Rhine, connecting Bonn with <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf">Düsseldorf</a> and <a href="/wiki/Duisburg" title="Duisburg">Duisburg</a>), the <a href="/wiki/Bundesautobahn_555" title="Bundesautobahn 555">A555</a> (left bank of the <a href="/wiki/Rhine" title="Rhine">Rhine</a>, connecting Bonn with Cologne), the <a href="/wiki/Bundesautobahn_562" title="Bundesautobahn 562">A562</a> (connecting the right with the left bank of the Rhine south of Bonn), and the <a href="/wiki/Bundesautobahn_565" title="Bundesautobahn 565">A565</a> (connecting the A59 and the A555 with the <a href="/wiki/Bundesautobahn_61" title="Bundesautobahn 61">A61</a> to the southwest). Three Bundesstraßen, which have a general 100 kilometres per hour (62 miles per hour) <a href="/wiki/Speed_limit" title="Speed limit">speed limit</a> in contrast to the Autobahn, connect Bonn to its immediate surroundings (Bundesstraßen B9, B42 and B56). </p><p>With Bonn being divided into two parts by the <a href="/wiki/Rhine" title="Rhine">Rhine</a>, three bridges are crucial for inner-city road traffic: the Konrad-Adenauer-Brücke (A562) in the South, the Friedrich-Ebert-Brücke (A565) in the North, and the Kennedybrücke (B56) in the centre. In addition, regular ferries operate between Bonn-Mehlem and <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6nigswinter" title="Königswinter">Königswinter</a>, Bonn-<a href="/wiki/Bad_Godesberg" title="Bad Godesberg">Bad Godesberg</a> and Königswinter-<a href="/wiki/Niederdollendorf" class="mw-redirect" title="Niederdollendorf">Niederdollendorf</a>, and Bonn-Graurheindorf and <a href="/wiki/Niederkassel" title="Niederkassel">Niederkassel</a>-Mondorf. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Port">Port</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonn&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Port"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Located in the northern sub-district of Graurheindorf, the <a href="/wiki/Inland_harbor" title="Inland harbor">inland harbour</a> of Bonn is used for container traffic as well as oversea transport. The annual turnover amounts to around 500,000 t (490,000 long tons; 550,000 short tons). Regular passenger transport occurs to Cologne and Düsseldorf. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonn&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b>. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bonn&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2017</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bonn_-_Posttower.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Bonn_-_Posttower.jpg/220px-Bonn_-_Posttower.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Bonn_-_Posttower.jpg/330px-Bonn_-_Posttower.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Bonn_-_Posttower.jpg/440px-Bonn_-_Posttower.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>Being one of the biggest employers in the region, <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Post_DHL" class="mw-redirect" title="Deutsche Post DHL">Deutsche Post DHL</a> have their headquarters in Bonn.</figcaption></figure> <p>The head offices of <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Telekom" title="Deutsche Telekom">Deutsche Telekom</a>, its subsidiary <a href="/wiki/Telekom_Deutschland" title="Telekom Deutschland">Telekom Deutschland</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Post" title="Deutsche Post">Deutsche Post</a>, <a href="/wiki/German_Academic_Exchange_Service" title="German Academic Exchange Service">German Academic Exchange Service</a>, and <a href="/wiki/SolarWorld" title="SolarWorld">SolarWorld</a> are in Bonn. </p><p>The third largest employer in the city of Bonn is the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Bonn" title="University of Bonn">University of Bonn</a> (including the university clinics)<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stadtwerke_Bonn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stadtwerke Bonn (page does not exist)">Stadtwerke Bonn</a> also follows as a major employer.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On the other hand, there are several traditional, nationally known private companies in Bonn such as luxury food producers <a href="/wiki/Verpoorten" title="Verpoorten">Verpoorten</a> and Kessko, the Klais organ manufacture and the Bonn flag factory. </p><p>The largest confectionery manufacturer in Europe, <a href="/wiki/Haribo" title="Haribo">Haribo</a>, has its founding headquarters (founded in 1920) and a production site in Bonn. Since April 2018, the head office of the company is located in the Rhineland-Palatinate municipality of <a href="/wiki/Grafschaft,_Rhineland" title="Grafschaft, Rhineland">Grafschaft</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-isleaving_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-isleaving-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other companies of supraregional importance are <a href="/w/index.php?title=J._Weck&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="J. Weck (page does not exist)">Weck Glaswerke</a> (production site), <a href="/wiki/Fairtrade_Labelling_Organizations_International" class="mw-redirect" title="Fairtrade Labelling Organizations International">Fairtrade</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eaton_Industries&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eaton Industries (page does not exist)">Eaton Industries</a> (formerly Klöckner & Moeller), <a href="/wiki/IVG_Immobilien" title="IVG Immobilien">IVG Immobilien</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kautex_Textron" class="mw-redirect" title="Kautex Textron">Kautex Textron</a>, <a href="/wiki/SolarWorld" title="SolarWorld">SolarWorld</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vapiano" title="Vapiano">Vapiano</a> and the SER Group.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonn&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gesch%C3%A4ftsstelle_der_Deutschen_Forschungsgemeinschaft_in_Bonn-Bad_Godesberg.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Gesch%C3%A4ftsstelle_der_Deutschen_Forschungsgemeinschaft_in_Bonn-Bad_Godesberg.jpg/220px-Gesch%C3%A4ftsstelle_der_Deutschen_Forschungsgemeinschaft_in_Bonn-Bad_Godesberg.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Gesch%C3%A4ftsstelle_der_Deutschen_Forschungsgemeinschaft_in_Bonn-Bad_Godesberg.jpg/330px-Gesch%C3%A4ftsstelle_der_Deutschen_Forschungsgemeinschaft_in_Bonn-Bad_Godesberg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Gesch%C3%A4ftsstelle_der_Deutschen_Forschungsgemeinschaft_in_Bonn-Bad_Godesberg.jpg/440px-Gesch%C3%A4ftsstelle_der_Deutschen_Forschungsgemeinschaft_in_Bonn-Bad_Godesberg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3042" data-file-height="1875" /></a><figcaption>Offices of <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Forschungsgemeinschaft" class="mw-redirect" title="Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft">DFG</a>, an important research funding organisation</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bonn_1266,_Rheinische_Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universit%C3%A4t_Bonn.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Bonn_1266%2C_Rheinische_Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universit%C3%A4t_Bonn.jpg/220px-Bonn_1266%2C_Rheinische_Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universit%C3%A4t_Bonn.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Bonn_1266%2C_Rheinische_Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universit%C3%A4t_Bonn.jpg/330px-Bonn_1266%2C_Rheinische_Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universit%C3%A4t_Bonn.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Bonn_1266%2C_Rheinische_Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universit%C3%A4t_Bonn.jpg/440px-Bonn_1266%2C_Rheinische_Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universit%C3%A4t_Bonn.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6016" data-file-height="3384" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/University_of_Bonn" title="University of Bonn">University of Bonn</a> Electoral Palace</figcaption></figure> <p>The Rheinische Friedrich Wilhelms Universität Bonn (<a href="/wiki/University_of_Bonn" title="University of Bonn">University of Bonn</a>) is one of the largest universities in Germany. It is also the location of the German research institute <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Forschungsgemeinschaft" class="mw-redirect" title="Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft">Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft</a> (DFG) offices and of the <a href="/wiki/German_Academic_Exchange_Service" title="German Academic Exchange Service">German Academic Exchange Service</a> (<i>Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst</i> – DAAD). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Private_schools">Private schools</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonn&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Private schools"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aloisiuskolleg" title="Aloisiuskolleg">Aloisiuskolleg</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Society_of_Jesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Society of Jesus">Jesuit</a> private school in Bad Godesberg with boarding facilities</li> <li>Amos-Comenius-Gymnasium, a <a href="/wiki/Protestant" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant">Protestant</a> private school in Bad Godesberg</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonn_International_School" title="Bonn International School">Bonn International School</a> (BIS), a private English-speaking school set in the former American Compound in the Rheinaue, which offers places from kindergarten to 12th grade. It follows the curriculum of the <a href="/wiki/International_Baccalaureate" title="International Baccalaureate">International Baccalaureate</a>.</li> <li>Libysch Schule, private Arabic high school</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Bonn_International_School" title="Independent Bonn International School">Independent Bonn International School</a>, (IBIS) private primary school (serving from kindergarten, reception, and years 1 to 6)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_de_Gaulle_-_Adenauer" class="mw-redirect" title="École de Gaulle - Adenauer">École de Gaulle - Adenauer</a>, private French-speaking school serving grades pre-school ("maternelle") to grade 4 (CM1)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kardinal-Frings-Gymnasium" title="Kardinal-Frings-Gymnasium">Kardinal-Frings-Gymnasium</a> (<i>KFG</i>), private catholic school of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Cologne" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Cologne">Archdiocese of Cologne</a> in <a href="/wiki/Beuel" title="Beuel">Beuel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erzbisch%C3%B6fliche_Liebfrauenschule_Bonn" title="Erzbischöfliche Liebfrauenschule Bonn">Liebfrauenschule</a> (<i>LFS</i>), private catholic school of the Archdiocese of Cologne</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sankt-Adelheid-Gymnasium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sankt-Adelheid-Gymnasium (page does not exist)">Sankt-Adelheid-Gymnasium</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sankt-Adelheid-Gymnasium" class="extiw" title="de:Sankt-Adelheid-Gymnasium">de</a>]</span>, private catholic school of the Archdiocese of Cologne in Beuel</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clara-Fey-Gymnasium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clara-Fey-Gymnasium (page does not exist)">Clara-Fey-Gymnasium</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clara-Fey-Gymnasium" class="extiw" title="de:Clara-Fey-Gymnasium">de</a>]</span>, private Catholic school of the <a href="/wiki/Archdiocese_of_Cologne" class="mw-redirect" title="Archdiocese of Cologne">Archdiocese of Cologne</a> in Bad Godesberg</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ernst-Kalkuhl-Gymnasium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ernst-Kalkuhl-Gymnasium (page does not exist)">Ernst-Kalkuhl-Gymnasium</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst-Kalkuhl-Gymnasium" class="extiw" title="de:Ernst-Kalkuhl-Gymnasium">de</a>]</span>, private boarding and day school in <a href="/wiki/Oberkassel,_Bonn" title="Oberkassel, Bonn">Oberkassel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Otto-K%C3%BChne-Schule&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Otto-Kühne-Schule (page does not exist)">Otto-Kühne-Schule</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto-K%C3%BChne-Schule" class="extiw" title="de:Otto-Kühne-Schule">de</a>]</span> ("PÄDA"), private day school in Bad Godesberg</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Collegium_Josephinum_Bonn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Collegium Josephinum Bonn (page does not exist)">Collegium Josephinum Bonn</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collegium_Josephinum_Bonn" class="extiw" title="de:Collegium Josephinum Bonn">de</a>]</span> ("CoJoBo"), private catholic day school</li> <li>Akademie für Internationale Bildung, private higher educational facility offering programs for international students</li></ul> <dl><dt>Former schools</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/King_Fahd_Academy_(Germany)" title="King Fahd Academy (Germany)">King Fahd Academy</a>, private Islamic school in Bad Godesberg</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonn&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236656977">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale" style="width:15em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 0.5em;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Historical population</caption><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Percent change" class="abbr-header">±%</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1620</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">4,500</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1720</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">6,535</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+45.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1732</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">8,015</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+22.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1760</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">13,500</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+68.4%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1784</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">12,644</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">−6.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1798</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">8,837</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−30.1%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1808</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">8,219</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−7.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1817</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">10,970</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+33.5%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1849</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">17,688</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+61.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1871</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">26,030</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+47.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1890</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">39,805</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+52.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1910</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">87,978</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+121.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1919</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">91,410</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+3.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1925</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">90,249</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−1.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1933</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">98,659</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+9.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1939</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">100,788</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+2.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1950</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">115,394</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+14.5%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1961</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">143,850</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+24.7%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1966</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">136,252</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−5.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1970</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">275,722</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+102.4%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1980</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">288,148</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+4.5%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1990</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">292,234</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.4%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2001</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">306,016</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+4.7%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2011</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">305,765</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.1%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2022</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">321,544</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+5.2%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left">Population size may be affected by changes in administrative divisions. source:<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Einwohnerentwicklung_von_Bonn.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Einwohnerentwicklung_von_Bonn.svg/220px-Einwohnerentwicklung_von_Bonn.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Einwohnerentwicklung_von_Bonn.svg/330px-Einwohnerentwicklung_von_Bonn.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Einwohnerentwicklung_von_Bonn.svg/440px-Einwohnerentwicklung_von_Bonn.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption>Population development since 1620</figcaption></figure> <p>As of 2011<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bonn&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, Bonn had a population of 327,913. About 70% of the population was entirely of German origin, while about 100,000 people, equating to roughly 30%, were at least partly of non-German origin. The city is one of the fastest-growing municipalities in Germany and the 18th most populous city in the country. Bonn's population is predicted to surpass the populations of <a href="/wiki/Wuppertal" title="Wuppertal">Wuppertal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bochum" title="Bochum">Bochum</a> before the year 2030.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The following list shows the largest groups of origin of minorities with "migration background" in Bonn as of 31 December 2021<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bonn&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th style="background:#efefef;">Rank </th> <th style="background:#efefef;">Migration background </th> <th style="background:#efefef;">Population (31 December 2022) </th></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a></td> <td>9,428 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></td> <td>8,254 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a></td> <td>6,879 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/23px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/35px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/45px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a></td> <td>5,921 </td></tr> <tr> <td>5</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></td> <td>3,976 </td></tr> <tr> <td>6</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a></td> <td>3,933 </td></tr> <tr> <td>7</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/46px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a></td> <td>3,341 </td></tr> <tr> <td>8</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></td> <td>3,282 </td></tr> <tr> <td>9</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/45px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a></td> <td>2,744 </td></tr> <tr> <td>10</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a></td> <td>2,429 </td></tr> <tr> <td>11</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></td> <td>2,216 </td></tr> <tr> <td>12</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></td> <td>2,198 </td></tr> <tr> <td>13</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></td> <td>2,043 </td></tr> <tr> <td>14</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a></td> <td>1,918 </td></tr> <tr> <td>15</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></td> <td>1,823 </td></tr> <tr> <td>16</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></td> <td>1,781 </td></tr> <tr> <td>17</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a></td> <td>1,764 </td></tr> <tr> <td>18</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a></td> <td>1,736 </td></tr> <tr> <td>19</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a></td> <td>1,657 </td></tr> <tr> <td>20</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/21px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/32px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/42px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="840" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo">Kosovo</a></td> <td>1,635 </td></tr> <tr> <td>21</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></td> <td>1,579 </td></tr> <tr> <td>22</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></td> <td>1,343 </td></tr> <tr> <td>23</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a></td> <td>1,260 </td></tr> <tr> <td>24</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a></td> <td>1,220 </td></tr> </tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bonn_DTAG2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Bonn_DTAG2.jpg/180px-Bonn_DTAG2.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Bonn_DTAG2.jpg/270px-Bonn_DTAG2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Bonn_DTAG2.jpg/360px-Bonn_DTAG2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="736" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Telekom" title="Deutsche Telekom">Deutsche Telekom</a> head office</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sports">Sports</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonn&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Sports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bonn is home of the <a href="/wiki/Telekom_Baskets_Bonn" title="Telekom Baskets Bonn">Telekom Baskets Bonn</a>, the only basketball club in Germany that owns its arena, the <a href="/wiki/Telekom_Dome" title="Telekom Dome">Telekom Dome</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The club is the reigning champion of the <a href="/wiki/2022%E2%80%9323_Basketball_Champions_League" title="2022–23 Basketball Champions League">2022–23 Basketball Champions League</a>. </p><p>The city also has a semi-professional football team <a href="/wiki/Bonner_SC" title="Bonner SC">Bonner SC</a> which was formed in 1965 through the merger of <i>Bonner FV</i> and <i>Tura Bonn</i>. </p><p>The Bonn Gamecocks American football team play at the 12,000-capacity Stadion Pennenfeld. </p><p>The successful <a href="/wiki/Baseball_in_Germany" title="Baseball in Germany">German Baseball</a> team <a href="/wiki/Bonn_Capitals" title="Bonn Capitals">Bonn Capitals</a> are also found in the city of Bonn. </p><p>The headquarters of the <a href="/wiki/International_Paralympic_Committee" title="International Paralympic Committee">International Paralympic Committee</a> has been located in Bonn since 1999. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="International_relations">International relations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonn&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: International relations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_Germany" title="List of twin towns and sister cities in Germany">List of twin towns and sister cities in Germany</a></div> <p>Since 1983, the City of Bonn has established friendship relations with the City of <a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv" title="Tel Aviv">Tel Aviv</a>, Israel, and since 1988 Bonn, in former times the residence of the Princes Electors of Cologne, and <a href="/wiki/Potsdam" title="Potsdam">Potsdam</a>, Germany, the formerly most important residential city of the Prussian rulers, have established a city-to-city partnership. </p><p>Central Bonn is surrounded by a number of traditional towns and villages which were independent up to several decades ago. As many of those communities had already established their own contacts and partnerships before the regional and local reorganisation in 1969, the Federal City of Bonn now has a dense network of city district partnerships with European partner towns. </p><p>The city district of Bonn is a partner of the English university city of <a href="/wiki/Oxford" title="Oxford">Oxford</a>, England, UK (since 1947), of <a href="/wiki/Budafok" title="Budafok">Budafok</a>, District XXII of <a href="/wiki/Budapest" title="Budapest">Budapest</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a> (since 1991) and of <a href="/wiki/Opole" title="Opole">Opole</a>, <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a> (officially since 1997; contacts were established 1954). </p><p>The district of Bad Godesberg has established partnerships with <a href="/wiki/Saint-Cloud" title="Saint-Cloud">Saint-Cloud</a> in France, <a href="/wiki/Frascati" title="Frascati">Frascati</a> in Italy, <a href="/wiki/Royal_Borough_of_Windsor_and_Maidenhead" title="Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead">Windsor and Maidenhead</a> in England, UK and <a href="/wiki/Kortrijk" title="Kortrijk">Kortrijk</a> in Belgium; a friendship agreement has been signed with the town of <a href="/wiki/Yalova" title="Yalova">Yalova</a>, Turkey. </p><p>The district of Beuel on the right bank of the Rhine and the city district of Hardtberg foster partnerships with towns in France: <a href="/wiki/Mirecourt" title="Mirecourt">Mirecourt</a> and <a href="/wiki/Villemomble" title="Villemomble">Villemomble</a>. </p><p>Moreover, the city of Bonn has developed a concept of international co-operation and maintains sustainability oriented project partnerships in addition to traditional city twinning, among others with <a href="/wiki/Minsk" title="Minsk">Minsk</a> in Belarus, <a href="/wiki/Ulaanbaatar" title="Ulaanbaatar">Ulaanbaatar</a> in Mongolia, <a href="/wiki/Bukhara" title="Bukhara">Bukhara</a> in Uzbekistan, <a href="/wiki/Chengdu" title="Chengdu">Chengdu</a> in China and <a href="/wiki/La_Paz" title="La Paz">La Paz</a> in Bolivia. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Twin_towns_–_sister_cities"><span id="Twin_towns_.E2.80.93_sister_cities"></span>Twin towns – sister cities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonn&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Twin towns – sister cities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bonn is <a href="/wiki/Sister_city" title="Sister city">twinned</a> with:<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Bukhara" title="Bukhara">Bukhara</a>, Uzbekistan (1999)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Cape_Coast" title="Cape Coast">Cape Coast</a>, Ghana (2012)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Chengdu" title="Chengdu">Chengdu</a>, China (2009)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kherson" title="Kherson">Kherson</a>, Ukraine (2023)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/46px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Minsk" title="Minsk">Minsk</a>, Belarus (1993)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Bolivia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Bolivia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Bolivia.svg/34px-Flag_of_Bolivia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Bolivia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Bolivia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="750" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/La_Paz" title="La Paz">La Paz</a>, Bolivia (1996)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Potsdam" title="Potsdam">Potsdam</a>, Germany (1988)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv" title="Tel Aviv">Tel Aviv</a>, Israel (1983)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Mongolia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mongolia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Mongolia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mongolia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Mongolia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mongolia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ulaanbaatar" title="Ulaanbaatar">Ulaanbaatar</a>, Mongolia (1993)</li></ul> </div> <p>Bonn city district is twinned with:<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Oxford" title="Oxford">Oxford</a>, United Kingdom (1947)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Budafok-T%C3%A9t%C3%A9ny" title="Budafok-Tétény">Budafok-Tétény (Budapest)</a>, Hungary (1991)</li></ul> <p>For twin towns of other city districts, see <a href="/wiki/Bad_Godesberg#Twin_towns_–_sister_cities" title="Bad Godesberg">Bad Godesberg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Beuel#Twin_towns_–_sister_cities" title="Beuel">Beuel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hardtberg#Twin_towns_–_sister_cities" title="Hardtberg">Hardtberg</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonn&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Notable people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pre–20th_century"><span id="Pre.E2.80.9320th_century"></span>Pre–20th century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonn&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Pre–20th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Joseph_Karl_Stieler%27s_Beethoven_mit_dem_Manuskript_der_Missa_solemnis.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Joseph_Karl_Stieler%27s_Beethoven_mit_dem_Manuskript_der_Missa_solemnis.jpg/220px-Joseph_Karl_Stieler%27s_Beethoven_mit_dem_Manuskript_der_Missa_solemnis.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="274" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Joseph_Karl_Stieler%27s_Beethoven_mit_dem_Manuskript_der_Missa_solemnis.jpg/330px-Joseph_Karl_Stieler%27s_Beethoven_mit_dem_Manuskript_der_Missa_solemnis.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Joseph_Karl_Stieler%27s_Beethoven_mit_dem_Manuskript_der_Missa_solemnis.jpg/440px-Joseph_Karl_Stieler%27s_Beethoven_mit_dem_Manuskript_der_Missa_solemnis.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4330" data-file-height="5389" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_van_Beethoven" title="Ludwig van Beethoven">Ludwig van Beethoven</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Alexander_Koenig.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Alexander_Koenig.jpg/180px-Alexander_Koenig.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Alexander_Koenig.jpg/270px-Alexander_Koenig.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Alexander_Koenig.jpg/360px-Alexander_Koenig.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Koenig" title="Alexander Koenig">Alexander Koenig</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Peter_Salomon" title="Johann Peter Salomon">Johann Peter Salomon</a> (1745–1815), musician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Anton_Ries" title="Franz Anton Ries">Franz Anton Ries</a> (1755–1846), violinist and violin teacher</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_van_Beethoven" title="Ludwig van Beethoven">Ludwig van Beethoven</a> (1770–1827), composer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salomon_Oppenheim,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Salomon Oppenheim, Jr.">Salomon Oppenheim, Jr.</a> (1772–1828), banker</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Joseph_Lenn%C3%A9" title="Peter Joseph Lenné">Peter Joseph Lenné</a> (1789–1866), gardener and landscape architect</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_von_Gerolt" title="Friedrich von Gerolt">Friedrich von Gerolt</a> (1797–1879), diplomat</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Joseph_Simrock" title="Karl Joseph Simrock">Karl Joseph Simrock</a> (1802–1876), writer and specialist in German</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Neuland" title="Wilhelm Neuland">Wilhelm Neuland</a> (1806–1889), composer and conductor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johanna_Kinkel" title="Johanna Kinkel">Johanna Kinkel</a> (1810–1858), composer and writer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moses_Hess" title="Moses Hess">Moses Hess</a> (1812–1875), philosopher and writer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Gottfried_Kinkel" class="mw-redirect" title="Johann Gottfried Kinkel">Johann Gottfried Kinkel</a> (1815–1882), theologian, writer, and politician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Kaufmann" title="Alexander Kaufmann">Alexander Kaufmann</a> (1817–1893), author and archivist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_Kaufmann" title="Leopold Kaufmann">Leopold Kaufmann</a> (1821–1898), mayor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_von_Haast" title="Julius von Haast">Julius von Haast</a> (1822–1887), New Zealand, professor of geology</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dietrich_Brandis" title="Dietrich Brandis">Dietrich Brandis</a> (1824–1907), botanist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balduin_M%C3%B6llhausen" title="Balduin Möllhausen">Balduin Möllhausen</a> (1825–1905), traveler and writer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurus_Wolter" title="Maurus Wolter">Maurus Wolter</a> (1825–1890), Benedictine, founder and first abbot of the Abbey of Beuron and Beuronese Congregation</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_Reifferscheid" title="August Reifferscheid">August Reifferscheid</a> (1835–1887), philologist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonius_Maria_Bodewig" title="Antonius Maria Bodewig">Antonius Maria Bodewig</a> (1839–1915), Jesuit missionary and founder</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathan_Zuntz" title="Nathan Zuntz">Nathan Zuntz</a> (1847–1920), physician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Koenig" title="Alexander Koenig">Alexander Koenig</a> (1858–1940), zoologist, founder of <a href="/wiki/Museum_Koenig" class="mw-redirect" title="Museum Koenig">Museum Koenig</a> in Bonn</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Philippson" title="Alfred Philippson">Alfred Philippson</a> (1864–1953), geographer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johanna_Elberskirchen" title="Johanna Elberskirchen">Johanna Elberskirchen</a> (1864–1943), writer and activist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Alsberg" title="Max Alsberg">Max Alsberg</a> (1877–1933), lawyer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurt_Wolff_(publisher)" title="Kurt Wolff (publisher)">Kurt Wolff</a> (1887–1963), publisher</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Riegel_Sr." title="Hans Riegel Sr.">Hans Riegel Sr.</a> (1893–1945), entrepreneur, founder of <a href="/wiki/Haribo" title="Haribo">Haribo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eduard_Krebsbach" title="Eduard Krebsbach">Eduard Krebsbach</a> (1894–1947), <a href="/wiki/SS" class="mw-redirect" title="SS">SS</a> doctor in <a href="/wiki/Nazi" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazi">Nazi</a> <a href="/wiki/Mauthausen_concentration_camp" title="Mauthausen concentration camp">Mauthausen concentration camp</a>, executed for war crimes</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Kemp_(actor)" title="Paul Kemp (actor)">Paul Kemp</a> (1896–1953), actor</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1900–1949"><span id="1900.E2.80.931949"></span>1900–1949</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonn&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: 1900–1949"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Heidesimonis.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Heidesimonis.jpg/180px-Heidesimonis.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Heidesimonis.jpg/270px-Heidesimonis.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Heidesimonis.jpg/360px-Heidesimonis.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Heide_Simonis" title="Heide Simonis">Heide Simonis</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_Josef_Abs" title="Hermann Josef Abs">Hermann Josef Abs</a> (1901–1994), board member of the <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Bank" title="Deutsche Bank">Deutsche Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Ludwig_Landsberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Paul Ludwig Landsberg">Paul Ludwig Landsberg</a> (1901–1944), in <a href="/wiki/Sachsenhausen_concentration_camp" title="Sachsenhausen concentration camp">Sachsenhausen concentration camp</a>, philosopher</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_L%C3%BCtzeler" title="Heinrich Lützeler">Heinrich Lützeler</a> (1902–1988), philosopher, art historian, and literary scholar</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Stephani" title="Frederick Stephani">Frederick Stephani</a> (1903–1962), film director and screenwriter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helmut_Horten" title="Helmut Horten">Helmut Horten</a> (1909–1987), entrepreneur</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodor_Schieffer" title="Theodor Schieffer">Theodor Schieffer</a> (1910–1992), historian and medievalist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irene_S%C3%A4nger-Bredt" title="Irene Sänger-Bredt">Irene Sänger-Bredt</a> (1911–1983), mathematician and physicist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/E._F._Schumacher" title="E. F. Schumacher">E. F. Schumacher</a> (1911–1977), economist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl-Theodor_Molinari" title="Karl-Theodor Molinari">Karl-Theodor Molinari</a> (1915–1993), General and founding chairman of the German Armed Forces Association</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karlrobert_Kreiten" title="Karlrobert Kreiten">Karlrobert Kreiten</a> (1916–1943), pianist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Walter_Zech-Nenntwich" title="Hans Walter Zech-Nenntwich">Hans Walter Zech-Nenntwich</a> (born 1916), Second Polish Republic, SS Cavalry member and war criminal</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walther_Killy" title="Walther Killy">Walther Killy</a> (1917–1985), German literary scholar, <i>Der Killy</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hannjo_Hasse" title="Hannjo Hasse">Hannjo Hasse</a> (1921–1983), actor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Gotell" title="Walter Gotell">Walter Gotell</a> (1924–1997), actor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Eschweiler" title="Walter Eschweiler">Walter Eschweiler</a> (born 1935), football referee</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandra_Cordes" title="Alexandra Cordes">Alexandra Cordes</a> (1935–1986), writer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joachim_Bi%C3%9Fmeier" title="Joachim Bißmeier">Joachim Bißmeier</a> (born 1936), actor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roswitha_Esser" title="Roswitha Esser">Roswitha Esser</a> (born 1941), canoeist, gold medal winner at the Olympic Games in 1964 and 1968, Sportswoman of the Year 1964</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heide_Simonis" title="Heide Simonis">Heide Simonis</a> (1943–2023), politician (SPD), former Prime Minister of Schleswig-Holstein, since 2005 honorary chairman of <a href="/wiki/UNICEF" title="UNICEF">UNICEF</a> Germany</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Alger" title="Paul Alger">Paul Alger</a> (born 1943), football player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_M%C3%B6tsch" title="Johannes Mötsch">Johannes Mötsch</a> (born 1949), archivist and historian</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klaus_Ludwig" title="Klaus Ludwig">Klaus Ludwig</a> (born 1949), race car driver</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1950–1999"><span id="1950.E2.80.931999"></span>1950–1999</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonn&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: 1950–1999"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCnter_Ollenschl%C3%A4ger" title="Günter Ollenschläger">Günter Ollenschläger</a> (born 1951), medical and science journalist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Bongartz" title="Hans Bongartz">Hans "Hannes" Bongartz</a> (born 1951), football player and coach</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christa_Goetsch" title="Christa Goetsch">Christa Goetsch</a> (born 1952), politician (Alliance '90 / The Greens)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Meert" title="Michael Meert">Michael Meert</a> (born 1953), film author and director</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_de_Maizi%C3%A8re" title="Thomas de Maizière">Thomas de Maizière</a> (born 1954), politician (CDU), former Minister of Defense and of the Interior</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerd_Faltings" title="Gerd Faltings">Gerd Faltings</a> (born 1954), mathematician, <a href="/wiki/Fields_Medal" title="Fields Medal">Fields Medal</a> winner</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olaf_Manthey" title="Olaf Manthey">Olaf Manthey</a> (born 1955), former touring car racing driver</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_K%C3%BChnen" title="Michael Kühnen">Michael Kühnen</a> (1955–1991), Neo-Nazi</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Willemsen" title="Roger Willemsen">Roger Willemsen</a> (1955–2016), publicist, author, essayist, and presenter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Rentrop" title="Norman Rentrop">Norman Rentrop</a> (born 1957), publisher, author, and investor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Markus_Maria_Profitlich" title="Markus Maria Profitlich">Markus Maria Profitlich</a> (born 1960), comedian and actor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guido_Westerwelle" title="Guido Westerwelle">Guido Westerwelle</a> (1961–2016), politician (FDP), Foreign Minister and Vice Chancellor of Germany from 2009 to 2011</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mathias_Dopfner" class="mw-redirect" title="Mathias Dopfner">Mathias Dopfner</a> (born 1963), chief executive officer of <a href="/wiki/Axel_Springer_AG" class="mw-redirect" title="Axel Springer AG">Axel Springer AG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolaus_Blome" title="Nikolaus Blome">Nikolaus Blome</a> (born 1963), journalist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxim_Kontsevich" title="Maxim Kontsevich">Maxim Kontsevich</a> (born 1964), mathematician, <a href="/wiki/Fields_Medal" title="Fields Medal">Fields Medal</a> winner</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_B._Kerner" title="Johannes B. Kerner">Johannes B. Kerner</a> (born 1964), TV presenter, Abitur at the <a href="/wiki/Aloisiuskolleg" title="Aloisiuskolleg">Aloisiuskolleg</a>, and studied in Bonn</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Baffoe" title="Anthony Baffoe">Anthony Baffoe</a> (born 1965), football player, sports presenter, and actor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonja_Zietlow" title="Sonja Zietlow">Sonja Zietlow</a> (born 1968), TV presenter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burkhard_Garweg" class="mw-redirect" title="Burkhard Garweg">Burkhard Garweg</a> (born 1968), member of the <a href="/wiki/Red_Army_Faction" title="Red Army Faction">Red Army Faction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabriye_Tenberken" title="Sabriye Tenberken">Sabriye Tenberken</a> (born 1970), Tibetologist, founder of <a href="/wiki/Braille_Without_Borders" title="Braille Without Borders">Braille Without Borders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thorsten_Libotte" title="Thorsten Libotte">Thorsten Libotte</a> (born 1972), writer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamara_Gr%C3%A4fin_von_Nayhau%C3%9F" title="Tamara Gräfin von Nayhauß">Tamara Gräfin von Nayhauß</a> (born 1972), television presenter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silke_Bodenbender" title="Silke Bodenbender">Silke Bodenbender</a> (born 1974), actress</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juli_Zeh" title="Juli Zeh">Juli Zeh</a> (born 1974), writer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Mintzlaff" title="Oliver Mintzlaff">Oliver Mintzlaff</a> (born 1975), track and field athlete and sports manager, CEO of <a href="/wiki/RB_Leipzig" title="RB Leipzig">RB Leipzig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Markus_Dieckmann" title="Markus Dieckmann">Markus Dieckmann</a> (born 1976), beach volleyball player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernadette_Heerwagen" title="Bernadette Heerwagen">Bernadette Heerwagen</a> (born 1977), actress</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melanie_Amann" title="Melanie Amann">Melanie Amann</a> (born 1978), journalist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bushido_(rapper)" title="Bushido (rapper)">Bushido</a> (born 1978), musician and rapper</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sebastian_Stahl" title="Sebastian Stahl">Sebastian Stahl</a> (born 1978), race car driver</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonja_Fuss" title="Sonja Fuss">Sonja Fuss</a> (born 1978), football player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DJ_Manian" title="DJ Manian">DJ Manian</a> (born 1978), DJ of <a href="/wiki/Cascada" title="Cascada">Cascada</a> and owner of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zooland_Records&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zooland Records (page does not exist)">Zooland Records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andreas_T%C3%B6lzer" title="Andreas Tölzer">Andreas Tölzer</a> (born 1980), judoka</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jens_Hartwig" title="Jens Hartwig">Jens Hartwig</a> (born 1980), actor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natalie_Horler" title="Natalie Horler">Natalie Horler</a> (born 1981), front woman of the Dance Project <a href="/wiki/Cascada" title="Cascada">Cascada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcel_Ndjeng" title="Marcel Ndjeng">Marcel Ndjeng</a> (born 1982), football player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marc_Zwiebler" title="Marc Zwiebler">Marc Zwiebler</a> (born 1984), badminton player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Barg" title="Benjamin Barg">Benjamin Barg</a> (born 1984), football player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandros_Margaritis" title="Alexandros Margaritis">Alexandros Margaritis</a> (born 1984), race car driver</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ken_Miyao" class="mw-redirect" title="Ken Miyao">Ken Miyao</a> (born 1986), pop singer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felix_Reda" title="Felix Reda">Felix Reda</a> (born 1986), politician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Scholze" title="Peter Scholze">Peter Scholze</a> (born 1987), mathematician, <a href="/wiki/Fields_Medal" title="Fields Medal">Fields Medal</a> winner</li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9lia_%C5%A0a%C5%A1i%C4%87" title="Célia Šašić">Célia Šašić</a> (born 1988), football player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_Mockridge" title="Luke Mockridge">Luke Mockridge</a> (born 1989), comedian and author</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pius_Heinz" title="Pius Heinz">Pius Heinz</a> (born 1989), poker player, 2011 <a href="/wiki/World_Series_of_Poker" title="World Series of Poker">WSOP</a> Main Event champion</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonas_Wohlfarth-Bottermann" title="Jonas Wohlfarth-Bottermann">Jonas Wohlfarth-Bottermann</a> (born 1990), basketball player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levina_(singer)" title="Levina (singer)">Levina</a> (born 1991), singer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bienvenue_Basala-Mazana" title="Bienvenue Basala-Mazana">Bienvenue Basala-Mazana</a> (born 1992), football player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kim_Petras" title="Kim Petras">Kim Petras</a> (born 1992), pop singer and songwriter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annika_Beck" title="Annika Beck">Annika Beck</a> (born 1994), tennis player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Hyndman_(actor)" title="James Hyndman (actor)">James Hyndman</a> (born 1962), stage actor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstanze_Klosterhalfen" title="Konstanze Klosterhalfen">Konstanze Klosterhalfen</a> (born 1997), track and field athlete</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="21st_century">21st century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonn&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: 21st century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anny_Ogrezeanu" title="Anny Ogrezeanu">Anny Ogrezeanu</a> (born 2001), singer and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Voice_of_Germany" title="The Voice of Germany">The Voice of Germany</a></i> winner 2022</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonn&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wahlergebnisse.nrw/kommunalwahlen/2020/index_obb_lr.shtml#ob_lr">Wahlergebnisse in NRW Kommunalwahlen 2020</a>, Land Nordrhein-Westfalen, accessed 19 June 2021.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.landesdatenbank.nrw.de/ldbnrw/online?operation=result&code=12411-31iz&leerzeilen=false&language=de">"Bevölkerung der Gemeinden Nordrhein-Westfalens am 31. Dezember 2023 – Fortschreibung des Bevölkerungsstandes auf Basis des Zensus vom 9. Mai 2011"</a> (in German). <a href="/wiki/Landesbetrieb_Information_und_Technik_NRW" class="mw-redirect" title="Landesbetrieb Information und Technik NRW">Landesbetrieb Information und Technik NRW</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bev%C3%B6lkerung+der+Gemeinden+Nordrhein-Westfalens+am+31.+Dezember+2023+%E2%80%93+Fortschreibung+des+Bev%C3%B6lkerungsstandes+auf+Basis+des+Zensus+vom+9.+Mai+2011&rft.pub=Landesbetrieb+Information+und+Technik+NRW&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.landesdatenbank.nrw.de%2Fldbnrw%2Fonline%3Foperation%3Dresult%26code%3D12411-31iz%26leerzeilen%3Dfalse%26language%3Dde&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABonn" class="Z3988"></span> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnthony_James_Nicholls1997" class="citation book cs1">Anthony James Nicholls (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HSvYAAAAIAAJ"><i>The Bonn Republic: West German Democracy, 1945–1990</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Longman" title="Longman">Longman</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780582492318" title="Special:BookSources/9780582492318"><bdi>9780582492318</bdi></a> – via <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Bonn+Republic%3A+West+German+Democracy%2C+1945%E2%80%931990&rft.pub=Longman&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=9780582492318&rft.au=Anthony+James+Nicholls&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHSvYAAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABonn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFtagesschau.de" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">tagesschau.de. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tagesschau.de/inland/bonn-berlin-gesetz-101.html">"Bonn-Berlin-Gesetz: Dieselbe Prozedur wie jedes Jahr"</a>. <i>tagesschau.de</i> (in German)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=tagesschau.de&rft.atitle=Bonn-Berlin-Gesetz%3A+Dieselbe+Prozedur+wie+jedes+Jahr&rft.au=tagesschau.de&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tagesschau.de%2Finland%2Fbonn-berlin-gesetz-101.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABonn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cowell-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Cowell_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cowell_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCowell2011" class="citation news cs1">Cowell, Alan (23 June 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220101/https://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/24/world/europe/24berlin.html">"In Germany's Capitals, Cold War Memories and Imperial Ghosts"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. Archived from <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/24/world/europe/24berlin.html">the original</a></span> on 1 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=In+Germany%27s+Capitals%2C+Cold+War+Memories+and+Imperial+Ghosts&rft.date=2011-06-23&rft.aulast=Cowell&rft.aufirst=Alan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2011%2F06%2F24%2Fworld%2Feurope%2F24berlin.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABonn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBundestag" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Bundestag, Deutscher. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://webarchiv.bundestag.de/archive/2008/0912/bau_kunst/debatte/bd_antr2.html">"Deutscher Bundestag: Berlin-Debatte / Antrag Vollendung der Einheit Deutschlands, Drucksache 12/815"</a>. <i>webarchiv.bundestag.de</i> (in German)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=webarchiv.bundestag.de&rft.atitle=Deutscher+Bundestag%3A+Berlin-Debatte+%2F+Antrag+Vollendung+der+Einheit+Deutschlands%2C+Drucksache+12%2F815&rft.aulast=Bundestag&rft.aufirst=Deutscher&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwebarchiv.bundestag.de%2Farchive%2F2008%2F0912%2Fbau_kunst%2Fdebatte%2Fbd_antr2.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABonn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmt" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Amt, Auswärtiges. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.auswaertiges-amt.de/de/aussenpolitik/internationale-organisationen/uno/03-uno-in-deutschland/-/205650">"Übersicht: Die Vereinten Nationen (VN) in Deutschland"</a>. <i>Auswärtiges Amt</i> (in German)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 February</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ausw%C3%A4rtiges+Amt&rft.atitle=%C3%9Cbersicht%3A+Die+Vereinten+Nationen+%28VN%29+in+Deutschland&rft.aulast=Amt&rft.aufirst=Ausw%C3%A4rtiges&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.auswaertiges-amt.de%2Fde%2Faussenpolitik%2Finternationale-organisationen%2Funo%2F03-uno-in-deutschland%2F-%2F205650&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABonn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unbonn.org/organizations">"UNBonn.org"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=UNBonn.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unbonn.org%2Forganizations&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABonn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140227103913/http://www2.bonn.de/statistik/default.asp?2.1">"Wohnberechtigte Bevölkerung in der Stadt Bonn am 31.12.2014"</a>. <i>Bonn.de</i> (in German). Stadt Bonn. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.bonn.de/statistik/default.asp?2.1">the original</a> on 27 February 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bonn.de&rft.atitle=Wohnberechtigte+Bev%C3%B6lkerung+in+der+Stadt+Bonn+am+31.12.2014&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww2.bonn.de%2Fstatistik%2Fdefault.asp%3F2.1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABonn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sklima-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sklima_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sklima_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sklima_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sklima.de/datenbank_auswertung.php?tab=2">"Monatsauswertung"</a>. <i>sklima.de</i> (in German). SKlima<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=sklima.de&rft.atitle=Monatsauswertung&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsklima.de%2Fdatenbank_auswertung.php%3Ftab%3D2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABonn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Xavier Delamarre, <i>Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise</i>, Errance 2003. S. 82.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStanton2006" class="citation book cs1">Stanton, Shelby L. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jfDfAQAACAAJ"><i>World War II Order of Battle: An Encyclopedic Reference to U.S. Army Ground Forces from Battalion through Division, 1939–1946</i></a> (Revised ed.). <a href="/wiki/Stackpole_Books" title="Stackpole Books">Stackpole Books</a>. p. 76. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780811701570" title="Special:BookSources/9780811701570"><bdi>9780811701570</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=World+War+II+Order+of+Battle%3A+An+Encyclopedic+Reference+to+U.S.+Army+Ground+Forces+from+Battalion+through+Division%2C+1939%E2%80%931946&rft.pages=76&rft.edition=Revised&rft.pub=Stackpole+Books&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9780811701570&rft.aulast=Stanton&rft.aufirst=Shelby+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjfDfAQAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABonn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCaborn2006" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Caborn, Joannah (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZjNoAAAAMAAJ"><i>Schleichende Wende. Diskurse von Nation und Erinnerung bei der Konstituierung der Berliner Republik</i></a> (in German). <a href="/w/index.php?title=Unrast_Verlag&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Unrast Verlag (page does not exist)">Unrast Verlag</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unrast_Verlag" class="extiw" title="de:Unrast Verlag">de</a>]</span>. p. 12. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783897717398" title="Special:BookSources/9783897717398"><bdi>9783897717398</bdi></a> – via <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Schleichende+Wende.+Diskurse+von+Nation+und+Erinnerung+bei+der+Konstituierung+der+Berliner+Republik&rft.pages=12&rft.pub=Unrast+Verlag%3Cspan+class%3D%22noprint%22+style%3D%22font-size%3A85%25%3B+font-style%3A+normal%3B+%22%3E+%26%2391%3Bde%26%2393%3B%3C%2Fspan%3E&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9783897717398&rft.aulast=Caborn&rft.aufirst=Joannah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZjNoAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABonn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarbara_Marshall1996" class="citation book cs1">Barbara Marshall (18 December 1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=o36GDAAAQBAJ&q=Willy+Brandt++France+Vichy+capital&pg=PA149"><i>Willy Brandt: a Political Biography</i></a>. Springer. p. 149. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780230390096" title="Special:BookSources/9780230390096"><bdi>9780230390096</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Willy+Brandt%3A+a+Political+Biography&rft.pages=149&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=1996-12-18&rft.isbn=9780230390096&rft.au=Barbara+Marshall&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Do36GDAAAQBAJ%26q%3DWilly%2BBrandt%2B%2BFrance%2BVichy%2Bcapital%26pg%3DPA149&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABonn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thelocal.de/20110615/35655">"Bonn to Berlin move still controversial"</a>. <i>The Local</i>. 15 June 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Local&rft.atitle=Bonn+to+Berlin+move+still+controversial&rft.date=2011-06-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thelocal.de%2F20110615%2F35655&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABonn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSebastian_Lentz2011" class="citation web cs1">Sebastian Lentz (17 June 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aktuell.nationalatlas.de/Hauptstadtbeschluss.6_06-2011.0.html">"Nationalatlas aktuell"</a>. <i>Hauptstadtbeschluss</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130331093254/http://aktuell.nationalatlas.de/Hauptstadtbeschluss.6_06-2011.0.html">Archived</a> from the original on 31 March 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 September</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hauptstadtbeschluss&rft.atitle=Nationalatlas+aktuell&rft.date=2011-06-17&rft.au=Sebastian+Lentz&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Faktuell.nationalatlas.de%2FHauptstadtbeschluss.6_06-2011.0.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABonn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLaux1991" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Laux, Hans-Dieter (1991). "Berlin oder Bonn? Geographische Aspekte eine Parlamentsentscheidung". <i>Geographische Rundschau</i> (in German). <b>43</b> (12): 740–743.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geographische+Rundschau&rft.atitle=Berlin+oder+Bonn%3F+Geographische+Aspekte+eine+Parlamentsentscheidung&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=12&rft.pages=740-743&rft.date=1991&rft.aulast=Laux&rft.aufirst=Hans-Dieter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABonn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThompson2008" class="citation book cs1">Thompson, Wayne C. (2008). <i>The World Today Series: Nordic, Central and Southeastern Europe 2008</i>. Harpers Ferry, West Virginia: Stryker-Post Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-887985-95-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-887985-95-6"><bdi>978-1-887985-95-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+World+Today+Series%3A+Nordic%2C+Central+and+Southeastern+Europe+2008&rft.place=Harpers+Ferry%2C+West+Virginia&rft.pub=Stryker-Post+Publications&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-887985-95-6&rft.aulast=Thompson&rft.aufirst=Wayne+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABonn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090215133139/http://bonner-muenster.de/basilika/index_engl.htm">"Das Bonner Münster @ Kirche in der City"</a>. Bonner-muenster.de. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bonner-muenster.de/basilika/index_engl.htm">the original</a> on 15 February 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 May</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Das+Bonner+M%C3%BCnster+%40+Kirche+in+der+City&rft.pub=Bonner-muenster.de&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bonner-muenster.de%2Fbasilika%2Findex_engl.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABonn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050525113041/http://www.bonn-region.de/ns/articleview_en.php?folderID=10204&sub_folderID=10215&articleID=623">"Bonn Region – Sightseeing – Fortresses and castles – Godesburg mit Michaelskapelle (Fortress Godesburg with St. Michael Chapel)"</a>. 25 May 2005. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bonn-region.de/ns/articleview_en.php?folderID=10204&sub_folderID=10215&articleID=623">the original</a> on 25 May 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 July</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bonn+Region+%E2%80%93+Sightseeing+%E2%80%93+Fortresses+and+castles+%E2%80%93+Godesburg+mit+Michaelskapelle+%28Fortress+Godesburg+with+St.+Michael+Chapel%29&rft.date=2005-05-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bonn-region.de%2Fns%2Farticleview_en.php%3FfolderID%3D10204%26sub_folderID%3D10215%26articleID%3D623&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABonn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hdg.de/index.php?id=1&L=1">"Stiftung Haus der Geschichte der Bundesrepublik Deutschland: Home"</a>. Hdg.de. 13 June 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 May</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Stiftung+Haus+der+Geschichte+der+Bundesrepublik+Deutschland%3A+Home&rft.pub=Hdg.de&rft.date=2008-06-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hdg.de%2Findex.php%3Fid%3D1%26L%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABonn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kunstmuseum.bonn.de/start_e.htm">"Kunstmuseum Bonn – Overview"</a>. Kunstmuseum.bonn.de. n.d<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 May</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kunstmuseum+Bonn+%E2%80%93+Overview&rft.pub=Kunstmuseum.bonn.de&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkunstmuseum.bonn.de%2Fstart_e.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABonn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.museumsmeilebonn.de/portfolio/bundeskunsthalle/">"MUSEUMSMEILE BONN"</a>. <i>museumsmeilebonn.de</i> (in German)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=museumsmeilebonn.de&rft.atitle=MUSEUMSMEILE+BONN&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.museumsmeilebonn.de%2Fportfolio%2Fbundeskunsthalle%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABonn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090509062736/http://www.kah-bonn.de/index_e.htm">"Art and Exhibition Hall of the Federal Republic of Germany – Bonn – English Version"</a>. Kah-bonn.de. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kah-bonn.de/index_e.htm">the original</a> on 9 May 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 May</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Art+and+Exhibition+Hall+of+the+Federal+Republic+of+Germany+%E2%80%93+Bonn+%E2%80%93+English+Version&rft.pub=Kah-bonn.de&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kah-bonn.de%2Findex_e.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABonn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wegderdemokratie.de/en/museum-koenig">"Museum Koenig"</a>. <i>wegderdemokratie.de</i>. Stiftung Haus der Geschichte der Bundesrepublik Deutschland<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=wegderdemokratie.de&rft.atitle=Museum+Koenig&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wegderdemokratie.de%2Fen%2Fmuseum-koenig&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABonn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.museumsmeilebonn.de/portfolio/deutsches-museum-bonn/">"MUSEUMSMEILE BONN"</a>. <i>museumsmeilebonn.de</i> (in German)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=museumsmeilebonn.de&rft.atitle=MUSEUMSMEILE+BONN&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.museumsmeilebonn.de%2Fportfolio%2Fdeutsches-museum-bonn%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABonn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFraunhofer-Institut_für_Medienkommunikation_IMK2002" class="citation web cs1">Fraunhofer-Institut für Medienkommunikation IMK (26 March 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170412091048/http://www.beethoven-haus-bonn.de/sixcms/detail.php//portal_en">"Beethoven digitally"</a>. Beethoven-haus-bonn.de. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.beethoven-haus-bonn.de/sixcms/detail.php//portal_en">the original</a> on 12 April 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 May</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Beethoven+digitally&rft.pub=Beethoven-haus-bonn.de&rft.date=2002-03-26&rft.au=Fraunhofer-Institut+f%C3%BCr+Medienkommunikation+IMK&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.beethoven-haus-bonn.de%2Fsixcms%2Fdetail.php%2F%2Fportal_en&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABonn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304204205/http://www.adv.aero/fileadmin/pdf/statistiken/2015/11.2015_ADV-Monatsstatistik.pdf">"ADV Monthly Traffic Report"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.adv.aero/fileadmin/pdf/statistiken/2015/11.2015_ADV-Monatsstatistik.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 4 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 January</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ADV+Monthly+Traffic+Report&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.adv.aero%2Ffileadmin%2Fpdf%2Fstatistiken%2F2015%2F11.2015_ADV-Monatsstatistik.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABonn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.airliners.de/sommerflugplan-2015-sieben-ziele-flughafen-koeln-bonn/35295">"Sommerflugplan 2015: Sieben neue Ziele ab Flughafen Köln/Bonn"</a>. <i>airliners.de</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=airliners.de&rft.atitle=Sommerflugplan+2015%3A+Sieben+neue+Ziele+ab+Flughafen+K%C3%B6ln%2FBonn&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.airliners.de%2Fsommerflugplan-2015-sieben-ziele-flughafen-koeln-bonn%2F35295&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABonn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-general041116-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-general041116_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161105205334/http://www.general-anzeiger-bonn.de/bonn/stadt-bonn/Sanierung-geht-in-die-hei%C3%9Fe-Phase-article3397749.html">"Sanierung geht in die heiße Phase"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/General-Anzeiger_(Bonn)" class="mw-redirect" title="General-Anzeiger (Bonn)">General-Anzeiger</a></i>. 4 November 2016. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.general-anzeiger-bonn.de/bonn/stadt-bonn/Sanierung-geht-in-die-heiße-Phase-article3397749.html">the original</a> on 5 November 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=General-Anzeiger&rft.atitle=Sanierung+geht+in+die+hei%C3%9Fe+Phase&rft.date=2016-11-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.general-anzeiger-bonn.de%2Fbonn%2Fstadt-bonn%2FSanierung-geht-in-die-hei%C3%9Fe-Phase-article3397749.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABonn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ga.de-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ga.de_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBettina_Köhl2017" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Bettina Köhl (12 May 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201201160203/https://ga.de/bonn/stadt-bonn/der-hauptbahnhof-bonn-wird-saniert_aid-43091427">"Der Hauptbahnhof Bonn wird saniert"</a> [Bonn Central Station is being renovated]. <i><a href="/wiki/General-Anzeiger_(Bonn)" class="mw-redirect" title="General-Anzeiger (Bonn)">General-Anzeiger</a></i> (in German). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ga.de/bonn/stadt-bonn/der-hauptbahnhof-bonn-wird-saniert_aid-43091427">the original</a> on 1 December 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=General-Anzeiger&rft.atitle=Der+Hauptbahnhof+Bonn+wird+saniert&rft.date=2017-05-12&rft.au=Bettina+K%C3%B6hl&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fga.de%2Fbonn%2Fstadt-bonn%2Fder-hauptbahnhof-bonn-wird-saniert_aid-43091427&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABonn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-db041116-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-db041116_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161106105046/http://www.deutschebahn.com/presse/duesseldorf/de/aktuell/presseinformationen/12647934/161107_schoene_aussichten.html">"Schöne Aussichten im Hauptbahnhof Bonn"</a>. <i>Deutsche Bahn</i>. 4 November 2016. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.deutschebahn.com/presse/duesseldorf/de/aktuell/presseinformationen/12647934/161107_schoene_aussichten.html">the original</a> on 6 November 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Deutsche+Bahn&rft.atitle=Sch%C3%B6ne+Aussichten+im+Hauptbahnhof+Bonn&rft.date=2016-11-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.deutschebahn.com%2Fpresse%2Fduesseldorf%2Fde%2Faktuell%2Fpresseinformationen%2F12647934%2F161107_schoene_aussichten.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABonn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110716204932/http://www.telekom.com/dtag/cms/content/dt/en/255634%3Bjsessionid%3D4D01506824470D931FFD9BB00F37BDCA">"Deutsche Telekom facts and figures"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Telekom_Deutschland" title="Telekom Deutschland">Telekom Deutschland</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.telekom.com/dtag/cms/content/dt/en/255634;jsessionid=4D01506824470D931FFD9BB00F37BDCA">the original</a> on 16 July 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 November</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Telekom+Deutschland&rft.atitle=Deutsche+Telekom+facts+and+figures&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.telekom.com%2Fdtag%2Fcms%2Fcontent%2Fdt%2Fen%2F255634%3Bjsessionid%3D4D01506824470D931FFD9BB00F37BDCA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABonn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130613042053/http://www3.uni-bonn.de/einrichtungen/universitaetsverwaltung/organisationsplan/dezernat-3/ausbildung/die-universitaet-bonn-stellt-sich-vor">"Presentation of the University of Bonn"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www3.uni-bonn.de/einrichtungen/universitaetsverwaltung/organisationsplan/dezernat-3/ausbildung/die-universitaet-bonn-stellt-sich-vor">the original</a> on 13 June 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Presentation+of+the+University+of+Bonn&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww3.uni-bonn.de%2Feinrichtungen%2Funiversitaetsverwaltung%2Forganisationsplan%2Fdezernat-3%2Fausbildung%2Fdie-universitaet-bonn-stellt-sich-vor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABonn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ihk-bonn.de/index.php?id=1527&no_cache=1&tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=2790&cHash=deb264873383511f1542df72a6f947e7"><i>More jobs in the region: Largest companies in terms of employees in 2012 in the IHK district of Bonn / Rhein-Sieg.</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304033456/http://www.ihk-bonn.de/index.php?id=1527&no_cache=1&tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=2790&cHash=deb264873383511f1542df72a6f947e7">Archived</a> 4 March 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Communication from the IHK Bonn (as of June 2012<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bonn&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-isleaving-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-isleaving_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ga.de/ga-english/news/haribo-is-leaving-kessenich-almost_aid-43765009">"Haribo is leaving Kessenich – almost"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/General-Anzeiger" title="General-Anzeiger">General-Anzeiger</a></i>. 15 May 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=General-Anzeiger&rft.atitle=Haribo+is+leaving+Kessenich+%E2%80%93+almost&rft.date=2018-05-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fga.de%2Fga-english%2Fnews%2Fharibo-is-leaving-kessenich-almost_aid-43765009&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABonn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ser.de/unternehmen/geschaeftsstellen/bonn.html"><i>SER Locations</i></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=SER+Locations&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ser.de%2Funternehmen%2Fgeschaeftsstellen%2Fbonn.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABonn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citypopulation.de/en/germany/cities/">"Germany: States and Major Cities"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Germany%3A+States+and+Major+Cities&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcitypopulation.de%2Fen%2Fgermany%2Fcities%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABonn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161009182832/http://www.ihk-bonn.de/index.php?id=484&no_cache=1&tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=3203&cHash=b391fefbdac6e3220eafe80076f021aa">"IHK Bonn/Rhein-Sieg: Bonn wächst weiter"</a>. 29 November 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ihk-bonn.de/index.php?id=484&no_cache=1&tx_ttnews%5btt_news%5d=3203&cHash=b391fefbdac6e3220eafe80076f021aa">the original</a> on 9 October 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=IHK+Bonn%2FRhein-Sieg%3A+Bonn+w%C3%A4chst+weiter&rft.date=2012-11-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ihk-bonn.de%2Findex.php%3Fid%3D484%26no_cache%3D1%26tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D%3D3203%26cHash%3Db391fefbdac6e3220eafe80076f021aa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABonn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www2.bonn.de/statistik/dl/ews/Bevoelkerungsstatistik2021.pdf">"Eckzahlen der aktuellen Bevölkerungsstatistik (Stichtag 31.12.2021)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>www2.bonn.de</i>. Statistikstelle der Bundesstadt Bonn. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www2.bonn.de/statistik/dl/ews/Bevoelkerungsstatistik2021.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 9 October 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www2.bonn.de&rft.atitle=Eckzahlen+der+aktuellen+Bev%C3%B6lkerungsstatistik+%28Stichtag+31.12.2021%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww2.bonn.de%2Fstatistik%2Fdl%2Fews%2FBevoelkerungsstatistik2021.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABonn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.telekom-baskets-bonn.de/telekom-dome/uebersicht.html">"Telekom Baskets Bonn – Telekom Dome – Übersicht"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131012040651/http://www.telekom-baskets-bonn.de/telekom-dome/uebersicht.html">Archived</a> 12 October 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>Telekom-Baskets-Bonn.de</i>. Retrieved 8 March 2014. <span class="languageicon">(in German)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bonn.de/microsite/en/international-profile/international-cooperations/partners-across-the-world.php">"Partners across the world"</a>. <i>bonn.de</i>. Bonn<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=bonn.de&rft.atitle=Partners+across+the+world&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bonn.de%2Fmicrosite%2Fen%2Finternational-profile%2Finternational-cooperations%2Fpartners-across-the-world.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABonn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bonn.de/microsite/en/international-profile/international-cooperations/city-twinnings.php">"City twinnings"</a>. <i>bonn.de</i>. Bonn<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=bonn.de&rft.atitle=City+twinnings&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bonn.de%2Fmicrosite%2Fen%2Finternational-profile%2Finternational-cooperations%2Fcity-twinnings.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABonn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bonn.de/bonn-erleben/besichtigen-entdecken/staedtepartnerschaften-bonn.php">"Städtepartnerschaften Bonn"</a>. <i>bonn.de</i> (in German). Bonn<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=bonn.de&rft.atitle=St%C3%A4dtepartnerschaften+Bonn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bonn.de%2Fbonn-erleben%2Fbesichtigen-entdecken%2Fstaedtepartnerschaften-bonn.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABonn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonn&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Bonn#Bibliography" title="Timeline of Bonn">Bibliography of the history of Bonn</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonn&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Bonn" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Bonn">Bonn</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage has a travel guide for <i><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Bonn#Q586" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Bonn">Bonn</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170606072608/http://www.bonn.de/index.html?lang=en">Official website</a> <span class="languageicon">(in English)</span> (archived)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bonn-region.de/en/">Tourist information</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170708153952/http://www.bonn.de/tourismus_kultur_sport_freizeit/bonn_ist_kultur/museen/museumsmeile/index.html?lang=en">"The Museum Mile"</a> (archived)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bundeskunsthalle.de/en/home.html">Germany's Museum of Art in Bonn</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cities_in_Germany_by_population" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cities_in_Germany" title="Template:Cities in Germany"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cities_in_Germany" title="Template talk:Cities in Germany"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cities_in_Germany" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cities in Germany"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cities_in_Germany_by_population" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Germany_by_population" title="List of cities in Germany by population">Cities in Germany by population</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1,000,000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cologne" title="Cologne">Cologne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">500,000–999,999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bremen" title="Bremen">Bremen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dortmund" title="Dortmund">Dortmund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dresden" title="Dresden">Dresden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf">Düsseldorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Essen" title="Essen">Essen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frankfurt" title="Frankfurt">Frankfurt am Main</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanover" title="Hanover">Hanover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leipzig" title="Leipzig">Leipzig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuremberg" title="Nuremberg">Nuremberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuttgart" title="Stuttgart">Stuttgart</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">200,000–499,999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aachen" title="Aachen">Aachen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augsburg" title="Augsburg">Augsburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bielefeld" title="Bielefeld">Bielefeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bochum" title="Bochum">Bochum</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bonn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braunschweig" title="Braunschweig">Braunschweig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemnitz" title="Chemnitz">Chemnitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duisburg" title="Duisburg">Duisburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erfurt" title="Erfurt">Erfurt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freiburg_im_Breisgau" title="Freiburg im Breisgau">Freiburg im Breisgau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gelsenkirchen" title="Gelsenkirchen">Gelsenkirchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halle_(Saale)" title="Halle (Saale)">Halle (Saale)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karlsruhe" title="Karlsruhe">Karlsruhe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kassel" title="Kassel">Kassel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiel" title="Kiel">Kiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krefeld" title="Krefeld">Krefeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCbeck" title="Lübeck">Lübeck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magdeburg" title="Magdeburg">Magdeburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mainz" title="Mainz">Mainz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mannheim" title="Mannheim">Mannheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCnster" title="Münster">Münster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%B6nchengladbach" title="Mönchengladbach">Mönchengladbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oberhausen" title="Oberhausen">Oberhausen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rostock" title="Rostock">Rostock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiesbaden" title="Wiesbaden">Wiesbaden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuppertal" title="Wuppertal">Wuppertal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">100,000–199,999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bergisch_Gladbach" title="Bergisch Gladbach">Bergisch Gladbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bottrop" title="Bottrop">Bottrop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bremerhaven" title="Bremerhaven">Bremerhaven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darmstadt" title="Darmstadt">Darmstadt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erlangen" title="Erlangen">Erlangen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%BCrth" title="Fürth">Fürth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6ttingen" title="Göttingen">Göttingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCtersloh" title="Gütersloh">Gütersloh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hagen" title="Hagen">Hagen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamm,_North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="Hamm, North Rhine-Westphalia">Hamm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanau" title="Hanau">Hanau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heidelberg" title="Heidelberg">Heidelberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heilbronn" title="Heilbronn">Heilbronn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herne,_North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="Herne, North Rhine-Westphalia">Herne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hildesheim" title="Hildesheim">Hildesheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingolstadt" title="Ingolstadt">Ingolstadt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jena" title="Jena">Jena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koblenz" title="Koblenz">Koblenz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leverkusen" title="Leverkusen">Leverkusen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwigshafen" title="Ludwigshafen">Ludwigshafen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moers" title="Moers">Moers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BClheim" title="Mülheim">Mülheim an der Ruhr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuss" title="Neuss">Neuss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Offenbach_am_Main" title="Offenbach am Main">Offenbach am Main</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oldenburg_(city)" title="Oldenburg (city)">Oldenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osnabr%C3%BCck" title="Osnabrück">Osnabrück</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paderborn" title="Paderborn">Paderborn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pforzheim" title="Pforzheim">Pforzheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potsdam" title="Potsdam">Potsdam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recklinghausen" title="Recklinghausen">Recklinghausen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regensburg" title="Regensburg">Regensburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remscheid" title="Remscheid">Remscheid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reutlingen" title="Reutlingen">Reutlingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saarbr%C3%BCcken" title="Saarbrücken">Saarbrücken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salzgitter" title="Salzgitter">Salzgitter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siegen" title="Siegen">Siegen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solingen" title="Solingen">Solingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trier" title="Trier">Trier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulm" title="Ulm">Ulm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolfsburg" title="Wolfsburg">Wolfsburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W%C3%BCrzburg" title="Würzburg">Würzburg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_Germany" title="List of cities and towns in Germany">Complete list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Germany" title="List of municipalities in Germany">Municipalities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_regions_in_Germany" title="Metropolitan regions in Germany">Metropolitan regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Germany_by_population" title="List of cities in Germany by population">Cities with more than 100,000 inhabitants</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Urban_and_rural_districts_in_the_state_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia_in_Germany" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="Template:Germany districts North Rhine-Westphalia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Germany_districts_North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="Template talk:Germany districts North Rhine-Westphalia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Germany_districts_North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Germany districts North Rhine-Westphalia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Urban_and_rural_districts_in_the_state_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia_in_Germany" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Urban and rural districts in the state of <a href="/wiki/North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="North Rhine-Westphalia">North Rhine-Westphalia</a> in Germany</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Urban_districts_of_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Urban districts of Germany">Urban districts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aachen" title="Aachen">Aachen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bielefeld" title="Bielefeld">Bielefeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bochum" title="Bochum">Bochum</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bonn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bottrop" title="Bottrop">Bottrop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dortmund" title="Dortmund">Dortmund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duisburg" title="Duisburg">Duisburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf">Düsseldorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Essen" title="Essen">Essen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gelsenkirchen" title="Gelsenkirchen">Gelsenkirchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hagen" title="Hagen">Hagen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamm,_North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="Hamm, North Rhine-Westphalia">Hamm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herne,_North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="Herne, North Rhine-Westphalia">Herne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cologne" title="Cologne">Köln (<i>Cologne</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krefeld" title="Krefeld">Krefeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leverkusen" title="Leverkusen">Leverkusen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%B6nchengladbach" title="Mönchengladbach">Mönchengladbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BClheim" title="Mülheim">Mülheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCnster" title="Münster">Münster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oberhausen" title="Oberhausen">Oberhausen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remscheid" title="Remscheid">Remscheid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solingen" title="Solingen">Solingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuppertal" title="Wuppertal">Wuppertal</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Deutschland_Lage_von_Nordrhein-Westfalen.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Deutschland_Lage_von_Nordrhein-Westfalen.svg/90px-Deutschland_Lage_von_Nordrhein-Westfalen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Deutschland_Lage_von_Nordrhein-Westfalen.svg/135px-Deutschland_Lage_von_Nordrhein-Westfalen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Deutschland_Lage_von_Nordrhein-Westfalen.svg/180px-Deutschland_Lage_von_Nordrhein-Westfalen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="592" data-file-height="801" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_rural_districts_of_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="List of rural districts of Germany">Rural districts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aachen_(district)" title="Aachen (district)">Aachen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borken_(district)" title="Borken (district)">Borken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coesfeld_(district)" title="Coesfeld (district)">Coesfeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCren_(district)" title="Düren (district)">Düren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ennepe-Ruhr-Kreis" title="Ennepe-Ruhr-Kreis">Ennepe-Ruhr-Kreis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euskirchen_(district)" title="Euskirchen (district)">Euskirchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCtersloh_(district)" title="Gütersloh (district)">Gütersloh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinsberg_(district)" title="Heinsberg (district)">Heinsberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herford_(district)" title="Herford (district)">Herford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hochsauerlandkreis" title="Hochsauerlandkreis">Hochsauerlandkreis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B6xter_(district)" title="Höxter (district)">Höxter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kleve_(district)" title="Kleve (district)">Kleve (<i>Cleves</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lippe_(district)" title="Lippe (district)">Lippe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A4rkischer_Kreis" title="Märkischer Kreis">Märkischer Kreis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mettmann_(district)" title="Mettmann (district)">Mettmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minden-L%C3%BCbbecke" title="Minden-Lübbecke">Minden-Lübbecke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oberbergischer_Kreis" title="Oberbergischer Kreis">Oberbergischer Kreis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olpe_(district)" title="Olpe (district)">Olpe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paderborn_(district)" title="Paderborn (district)">Paderborn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recklinghausen_(district)" title="Recklinghausen (district)">Recklinghausen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rheinisch-Bergischer_Kreis" title="Rheinisch-Bergischer Kreis">Rheinisch-Bergischer Kreis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhein-Erft-Kreis" title="Rhein-Erft-Kreis">Rhein-Erft-Kreis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhein-Kreis_Neuss" title="Rhein-Kreis Neuss">Rhein-Kreis Neuss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhein-Sieg-Kreis" title="Rhein-Sieg-Kreis">Rhein-Sieg-Kreis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siegen-Wittgenstein" title="Siegen-Wittgenstein">Siegen-Wittgenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soest_(district)" title="Soest (district)">Soest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steinfurt_(district)" title="Steinfurt (district)">Steinfurt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unna_(district)" title="Unna (district)">Unna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viersen_(district)" title="Viersen (district)">Viersen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warendorf_(district)" title="Warendorf (district)">Warendorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wesel_(district)" title="Wesel (district)">Wesel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Germany" title="Districts of Germany">Districts</a> of German states</b> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_districts_of_Germany" title="List of districts of Germany">Full list</a>) <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Template:Germany districts Baden-Württemberg">Baden-Württemberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Bavaria" title="Template:Germany districts Bavaria">Bavaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Brandenburg" title="Template:Germany districts Brandenburg">Brandenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Bremen" title="Template:Germany districts Bremen">Bremen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Hesse" title="Template:Germany districts Hesse">Hesse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Lower_Saxony" title="Template:Germany districts Lower Saxony">Lower Saxony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Districts_of_Mecklenburg-Vorpommern" title="Template:Districts of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern">Mecklenburg-Vorpommern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="Template:Germany districts North Rhine-Westphalia">North Rhine-Westphalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Rhineland-Palatinate" title="Template:Germany districts Rhineland-Palatinate">Rhineland-Palatinate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Saarland" title="Template:Germany districts Saarland">Saarland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Saxony" title="Template:Germany districts Saxony">Saxony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Saxony-Anhalt" title="Template:Germany districts Saxony-Anhalt">Saxony-Anhalt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Schleswig-Holstein" title="Template:Germany districts Schleswig-Holstein">Schleswig-Holstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Thuringia" title="Template:Germany districts Thuringia">Thuringia</a></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q586#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q586#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q586#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/312793885">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1205040/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJyxkRbjPC3qmK9YHbM773">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4007666-0">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79046411">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11994451p">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11994451p">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Bonn (Německo)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge134078&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX453961">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=494/60023">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007561823705171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/b86b7e97-c4e2-4ec2-942b-5a6cd8eea1da">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/027215245">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/fr/articles/006611">Historical Dictionary of Switzerland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10044670">NARA</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bonn&oldid=1257505891">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bonn&oldid=1257505891</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Municipalities_in_North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="Category:Municipalities in North Rhine-Westphalia">Municipalities in North Rhine-Westphalia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Bonn" title="Category:Bonn">Bonn</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Former_national_capitals" title="Category:Former national capitals">Former national capitals</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Populated_places_on_the_Rhine" title="Category:Populated places on the Rhine">Populated places on the Rhine</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Roman_towns_and_cities_in_Germany" title="Category:Roman towns and cities in Germany">Roman towns and cities in Germany</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:10s_BC_establishments_in_the_Roman_Empire" title="Category:10s BC establishments in the Roman Empire">10s BC establishments in the Roman Empire</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Roman_legionary_fortresses_in_Germany" title="Category:Roman legionary fortresses in Germany">Roman legionary fortresses in Germany</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Roman_fortifications_in_Germania_Inferior" title="Category:Roman fortifications in Germania Inferior">Roman fortifications in Germania Inferior</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Urban_districts_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="Category:Urban districts of North Rhine-Westphalia">Urban districts of North Rhine-Westphalia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cologne_(region)" title="Category:Cologne (region)">Cologne (region)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cities_in_North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="Category:Cities in North Rhine-Westphalia">Cities in North Rhine-Westphalia</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_gadget_WikiMiniAtlas" title="Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas">Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_the_Phonos_extension" title="Category:Pages using the Phonos extension">Pages using the Phonos extension</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_German-language_sources_(de)" title="Category:CS1 German-language sources (de)">CS1 German-language sources (de)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements_from_June_2012" title="Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from June 2012">Articles containing potentially dated statements from June 2012</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements" title="Category:All articles containing potentially dated statements">All articles containing potentially dated statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_German-language_sources_(de)" title="Category:Articles with German-language sources (de)">Articles with German-language sources (de)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_April_2020" title="Category:Use dmy dates from April 2020">Use dmy dates from April 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_multiple_image_with_auto_scaled_images" title="Category:Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images">Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Coordinates_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Coordinates on Wikidata">Coordinates on Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_German_IPA" title="Category:Pages with German IPA">Pages with German IPA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_including_recorded_pronunciations" title="Category:Pages including recorded pronunciations">Pages including recorded pronunciations</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements_from_2019" title="Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2019">Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_German-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing German-language text">Articles containing German-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements_from_December_2014" title="Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from December 2014">Articles containing potentially dated statements from December 2014</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_February_2008" title="Category:Articles needing additional references from February 2008">Articles needing additional references from February 2008</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_additional_references" title="Category:All articles needing additional references">All articles needing additional references</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_to_be_expanded_from_January_2017" title="Category:Articles to be expanded from January 2017">Articles to be expanded from January 2017</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_to_be_expanded" title="Category:All articles to be expanded">All articles to be expanded</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_December_2023" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from December 2023">Articles with unsourced statements from December 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements_from_2011" title="Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2011">Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2011</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements_from_December_2021" title="Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from December 2021">Articles containing potentially dated statements from December 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link is on Wikidata">Commons category link is on Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 15 November 2024, at 07:32<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bonn&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-bjwd6","wgBackendResponseTime":265,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.511","walltime":"1.999","ppvisitednodes":{"value":17496,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":267470,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":33774,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":30,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":38,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":187507,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1646.025 1 -total"," 28.63% 471.295 1 Template:Infobox_German_place"," 28.00% 460.906 1 Template:Infobox_settlement"," 24.34% 400.696 1 Template:Infobox"," 12.23% 201.244 2 Template:Reflist"," 9.78% 161.010 30 Template:Cite_web"," 8.53% 140.464 1 Template:IPA"," 6.27% 103.130 7 Template:Population_Germany"," 5.84% 96.205 16 Template:Party_color"," 5.70% 93.829 7 Template:Metadata_Population_DE-NW"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.763","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":27579547,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-4skr4","timestamp":"20241124094905","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Bonn","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bonn","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q586","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q586","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2001-03-10T19:54:51Z","dateModified":"2024-11-15T07:32:05Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/9\/99\/General_view_over_bonn_%28cropped%29.jpg","headline":"city in and former capital of Germany"}</script> </body> </html>