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class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Mythopoetic men's movement</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="This article exist only in this language. 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330" /><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Masculism" title="Category:Masculism">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Masculism" title="Masculism">Masculism</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Male_symbol_(heavy_blue).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Male_symbol_%28heavy_blue%29.svg/80px-Male_symbol_%28heavy_blue%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Male_symbol_%28heavy_blue%29.svg/120px-Male_symbol_%28heavy_blue%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Male_symbol_%28heavy_blue%29.svg/160px-Male_symbol_%28heavy_blue%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #0000BF;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Movements</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base, #202122 ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fathers%27_rights_movement" title="Fathers' rights movement">Fathers' rights movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intactivism" class="mw-redirect" title="Intactivism">Intactivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HimToo_movement" title="HimToo movement">HimToo movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Men%27s_movement" title="Men's movement">Men's movement</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mythopoetic men's movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Men%27s_liberation_movement" title="Men's liberation movement">Men's liberation movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Men%27s_rights_movement" title="Men's rights movement">Men's rights movement</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #0000BF;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Topics and issues</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base, #202122 ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding-top:0.4em;font-style:italic;font-weight:normal;border-bottom:1px solid #0000BF;"> Topics</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist" style="padding-top:0.15em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sex_differences_in_humans" title="Sex differences in humans">Sex differences in humans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_male_sexuality" title="Human male sexuality">Human male sexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_equality" title="Gender equality">Gender equality</a></li></ul> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Misandry" title="Misandry">Misandry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hegemonic_masculinity" title="Hegemonic masculinity">Hegemonic masculinity</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Effeminacy" title="Effeminacy">Effeminacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_roles" class="mw-redirect" title="Gender roles">Gender roles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Machismo" title="Machismo">Machismo</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gender_neutrality" title="Gender neutrality">Gender neutrality</a></li></ul> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Men_in_feminism" title="Men in feminism">Men in feminism</a></li></ul> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li>(<a href="/wiki/Pro-feminism" title="Pro-feminism">Pro-feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antifeminism" title="Antifeminism">Anti-feminism</a>)</li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding-top:0.4em;font-style:italic;font-weight:normal;border-bottom:1px solid #0000BF;"> Issues</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist" style="padding-top:0.15em;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_men" title="Discrimination against men">Discrimination against men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violence_against_men" title="Violence against men">Violence against men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Male_expendability" title="Male expendability">Male expendability</a></li></ul> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Circumcision_controversies" title="Circumcision controversies">Circumcision controversies</a></li></ul> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li>(<a href="/wiki/Genital_modification_and_mutilation#Male_genitals" title="Genital modification and mutilation">Genital mutilation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forced_circumcision" title="Forced circumcision">Forced circumcision</a>)</li></ul> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rape" title="Rape">Rape</a></li></ul> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li>(<a href="/wiki/Prison_rape" title="Prison rape">Prison rape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/False_accusation_of_rape" title="False accusation of rape">False accusation of rape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rape_of_males" title="Rape of males">Rape of males</a>)</li></ul> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Domestic_violence" title="Domestic violence">Domestic violence</a> (<a href="/wiki/Domestic_violence_against_men" title="Domestic violence against men">against men</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violence_against_LGBT_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Violence against LGBT people">Violence against LGBT people</a></li></ul> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li>(<a href="/wiki/Homophobia" title="Homophobia">Homophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gayphobia" class="mw-redirect" title="Gayphobia">Gayphobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gay_bashing" title="Gay bashing">Gay bashing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transphobia" title="Transphobia">Transphobia</a>)</li></ul> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conscription" title="Conscription">Conscription</a></li></ul> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reproductive_rights" title="Reproductive rights">Reproductive rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paternal_rights_and_abortion" title="Paternal rights and abortion">Paternal rights and abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No-fault_divorce" title="No-fault divorce">No-fault divorce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sperm_theft" class="mw-redirect" title="Sperm theft">Sperm theft</a></li></ul> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reverse_sexism" title="Reverse sexism">Reverse sexism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toxic_masculinity" title="Toxic masculinity">Toxic masculinity</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #0000BF;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">By country</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base, #202122 ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding-top:0.4em;font-style:italic;font-weight:normal;border-bottom:1px solid #0000BF;"> Men's rights</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist" style="padding-top:0.15em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Men%27s_rights_movement_in_India" title="Men's rights movement in India">India</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding-top:0.4em;font-style:italic;font-weight:normal;border-bottom:1px solid #0000BF;"> <a href="/wiki/Fathers%27_rights_movement_by_country" title="Fathers' rights movement by country">Fathers' rights</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist" style="padding-top:0.15em;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fathers%27_rights_movement_in_Australia" title="Fathers' rights movement in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fathers%27_rights_movement_in_Italy" title="Fathers' rights movement in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fathers%27_rights_movement_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Fathers' rights movement in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fathers%27_rights_movement_in_the_United_States" title="Fathers' rights movement in the United States">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #0000BF;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Lists and categories</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base, #202122 ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_masculism_topics" title="Index of masculism topics">Index of masculism topics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Masculism" title="Category:Masculism">Category:Masculism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Masculists" title="Category:Masculists">Category:Masculists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Men%27s_movement" title="Category:Men's movement">Category:Men's movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Men%27s_organizations" title="Category:Men's organizations">Category:Men's organizations</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #0000BF;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">See also</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base, #202122 ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Men%27s_Day" title="International Men's Day">International Men's Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minister_for_Men" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister for Men">Minister for Men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Movember" title="Movember">Movember</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Men%27s_studies" title="Men's studies">Men's studies</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Masculism_sidebar" title="Template:Masculism sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Masculism_sidebar" title="Template talk:Masculism sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Masculism_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Masculism sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>mythopoetic men's movement</b> was a body of self-help activities and therapeutic workshops and retreats for men undertaken by various organizations and authors in the United States from the early 1980s through the 1990s. The term mythopoetic was coined by professor <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shepherd_Bliss&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shepherd Bliss (page does not exist)">Shepherd Bliss</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in preference to <i><a href="/wiki/New_Age_men%27s_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="New Age men's movement">New Age men's movement</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-Gelfer_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gelfer-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (though "<a href="/wiki/Mythopoeia" title="Mythopoeia">mythopoeia</a>" was coined by <a href="/wiki/J.R.R._Tolkien" class="mw-redirect" title="J.R.R. Tolkien">J.R.R. Tolkien</a> in the 1930s, and has a different meaning). Mythopoets adopted a general style of psychological <a href="/wiki/Self-help" title="Self-help">self-help</a> inspired by the work of <a href="/wiki/Robert_Bly" title="Robert Bly">Robert Bly</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_A._Johnson_(psychotherapist)" title="Robert A. Johnson (psychotherapist)">Robert A. Johnson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Campbell" title="Joseph Campbell">Joseph Campbell</a>, and other <a href="/wiki/Jungian" class="mw-redirect" title="Jungian">Jungian</a> authors. The group activities used in the movement were largely influenced by ideas derived from Swiss psychiatrist <a href="/wiki/Carl_Jung" title="Carl Jung">Carl Gustav Jung</a>, known as <a href="/wiki/Jungian_psychology" class="mw-redirect" title="Jungian psychology">Jungian psychology</a>, e.g., <a href="/wiki/Jungian_archetype" class="mw-redirect" title="Jungian archetype">Jungian archetypes</a>, from which the use of <a href="/wiki/Myth" title="Myth">myths</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fairy_tale" title="Fairy tale">fairy tales</a> taken from various cultures served as ways to interpret challenges facing men in society. </p><p>Groups formed during the mythopoetic men's movement typically avoided political and social advocacy in favor of therapeutic workshops and wilderness retreats, often using Native American rituals such as drumming, chanting, and <a href="/wiki/Sweat_lodge" title="Sweat lodge">sweat lodges</a>. These rituals were done with the aim of personal growth of participants with an intended purpose of connecting spiritually with a lost <i>deep masculine identity</i> or inner self. The most well-known text of the movement was <i><a href="/wiki/Iron_John:_A_Book_About_Men" title="Iron John: A Book About Men">Iron John: A Book About Men</a></i> by the poet <a href="/wiki/Robert_Bly" title="Robert Bly">Robert Bly</a>, who argued that "the grief in men has been increasing steadily since the start of the Industrial Revolution and the grief has reached a depth now that cannot be ignored." Inspired by how feminists and folklorists such as <a href="/wiki/Marie-Louise_von_Franz" title="Marie-Louise von Franz">Marie-Louise von Franz</a> had used myth and legend to empower women in the mid-20th century, Bly envisioned a similar project to positively reimagine masculinity in a way that was distinct from (but not opposed to) the feminist movement.<sup id="cite_ref-Bly_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bly-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He urged men to recover a <a href="/wiki/Pre-industrial" class="mw-redirect" title="Pre-industrial">pre-industrial</a> conception of masculinity through spiritual camaraderie with other men in male-only gatherings.<sup id="cite_ref-Carroll_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carroll-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Cahill_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cahill-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Schwalbe_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schwalbe-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The purpose of these activities was to foster greater understanding of the forces influencing the roles of men in modern society and how these changes affect behavior, self awareness, and identity. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Analytical_psychology" title="Analytical psychology">analytical psychology</a> (or "Jungian psychology"), the <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">puer aeternus</i></span> is an example of what Jung considered an <a href="/wiki/Archetype" title="Archetype">archetype</a>, one of the "primordial, structural elements of the human psyche."<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jungian psychologist <a href="/wiki/James_Hillman" title="James Hillman">James Hillman</a> incorporates logic and rational thought, as well as reference to case histories of well known people in society, in the discussion of the contemporary male psyche. Hillman has spoken in-depth on subjects such as "the boy inside each of us," and pursues strategies to acknowledge, co-exist, and ultimately father immature parts of men to turn them instead into sources of passion and energy. <sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hillman's arguments are considered to be in line with the consideration of a <a href="/wiki/Puer_aeternus" title="Puer aeternus">puer aeternus</a> or "eternal youth" archetype. </p><p>Sometimes mistakenly referred to simply as the <a href="/wiki/Men%27s_movement" title="Men's movement">men's movement</a>, which is much broader, the mythopoetic movement is best known for the rituals that take place during their gatherings. While most in the public eye during the early 1990s, the movement carries on more quietly in The <a href="/wiki/ManKind_Project" title="ManKind Project">ManKind Project</a> and independent psychologico-spiritual practitioners.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tenets_and_practices">Tenets and practices</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mythopoetic_men%27s_movement&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Tenets and practices"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to sociologist <a href="/wiki/Michael_Messner" title="Michael Messner">Michael Messner</a>, mythopoets believe that the rise of the urban industrial society "trapped men into straitjackets of rationality, thus blunting the powerful emotional communion and collective spiritual transcendence that they believe men in tribal societies typically enjoyed".<sup id="cite_ref-Messner_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Messner-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The movement seeks to restore the "deep masculine" to men who have lost it in their more modern lifestyles.<sup id="cite_ref-Messner_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Messner-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other causes claimed by advocates for the loss of the "deep masculine" include: </p> <ul><li>Men no longer being comrades who celebrated their masculinity together. Rather, they had become competitors within their workplaces.<sup id="cite_ref-Messner_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Messner-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Men spending more time in their houses with women than they did with men (in non-competitive terms outside of work). Excessive interaction with women generally kept men from realizing their internal masculinity.<sup id="cite_ref-Messner_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Messner-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Feminism bringing attention to the 'feminine voice.' Through this, the mythopoetic men felt that their voices had been muted (though Bly and others are careful in not blaming feminism for this).<sup id="cite_ref-Messner_9-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Messner-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The separation of men from their fathers kept them from being truly initiated into manhood, and was a source of emotional damage.<sup id="cite_ref-Connell_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Connell-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Men were suffering further emotional damage due to feminist accusations about sexism. Men should celebrate their differences from women, rather than feeling guilty about them.<sup id="cite_ref-Connell_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Connell-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Men being discouraged from expressing their emotions. Male inexpressivity is an epidemic and does not correspond to their "deep masculine" natures.<sup id="cite_ref-Messner_9-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Messner-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Fight_in_the_Forest_(Hans_Burgkmair_d._%C3%84.).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/The_Fight_in_the_Forest_%28Hans_Burgkmair_d._%C3%84.%29.jpg/220px-The_Fight_in_the_Forest_%28Hans_Burgkmair_d._%C3%84.%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/The_Fight_in_the_Forest_%28Hans_Burgkmair_d._%C3%84.%29.jpg/330px-The_Fight_in_the_Forest_%28Hans_Burgkmair_d._%C3%84.%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/The_Fight_in_the_Forest_%28Hans_Burgkmair_d._%C3%84.%29.jpg/440px-The_Fight_in_the_Forest_%28Hans_Burgkmair_d._%C3%84.%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="530" data-file-height="390" /></a><figcaption><i>The Fight in the Forest</i> (<a href="/wiki/Hans_Burgkmair" title="Hans Burgkmair">Hans Burgkmair</a>, ca. 1500/1503), illustrating the tale of <a href="/wiki/Iron_John" title="Iron John">Iron John</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Poetry_Out_Loud_MN_finals_27.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Poetry_Out_Loud_MN_finals_27.jpg/220px-Poetry_Out_Loud_MN_finals_27.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Poetry_Out_Loud_MN_finals_27.jpg/330px-Poetry_Out_Loud_MN_finals_27.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Poetry_Out_Loud_MN_finals_27.jpg/440px-Poetry_Out_Loud_MN_finals_27.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2298" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bly" title="Robert Bly">Robert Bly</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The mythopoetic men's movement spawned a variety of <a href="/wiki/Self-help" title="Self-help">self-help</a> groups and workshops, led by authors such as <a href="/wiki/Robert_Bly" title="Robert Bly">Robert Bly</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_J._Meade" title="Michael J. Meade">Michael J. Meade</a> and <a href="/wiki/Robert_L._Moore_(psychologist)" title="Robert L. Moore (psychologist)">Robert L. Moore</a>. Among its famous advocates was the poet Bly, whose book <i><a href="/wiki/Iron_John:_A_Book_About_Men" title="Iron John: A Book About Men">Iron John: A Book About Men</a></i> (1990) spent 62 weeks on <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times_Best_Seller_list" title="The New York Times Best Seller list">The New York Times Best Seller list</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Schweder_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schweder-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> being an <a href="/wiki/Exegesis" title="Exegesis">exegesis</a> of the tale of "<a href="/wiki/Iron_John" title="Iron John">Iron John</a>" collected by the <a href="/wiki/Brothers_Grimm" title="Brothers Grimm">Brothers Grimm</a>. Groups of men from the professional class retreated from their female loved ones in order to join in spiritual rituals that emphasized homosociality, with the central goal of reclaiming the parts of their masculinity that they had lost called the "deep masculine."<sup id="cite_ref-Messner_9-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Messner-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the mythopoetic movement, the desire to be spiritual and yet manly is also a factor in the way the group understands the nature of gender and relationships between the sexes. The mythopoetic movement tends to regard gender as biological realities, "hardwired" into the psyches of men and women. This gender essentialism is consistent with the Jungian philosophy undergirding the movement. Mythopoetic men thus speak of the need to recover "deep masculinity," to distinguish what they regard as genuine or mature masculinity from the problematic <a href="/wiki/Toxic_masculinity" title="Toxic masculinity">toxic masculinity</a> of immature males.<sup id="cite_ref-Longwood_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Longwood-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Because most men no longer perform masculine rituals, mythopoets assert that men have mutated into destructive, hypermasculine chauvinists, or, in the opposite direction, have become too feminized. The mythopoetic men performed rituals at these gatherings, which were meant to imitate those performed by tribal societies when men initiated boys into a deeply essential natural manhood. The movement emphasized the importance of including multiple generations of men in the rituals, so that the men could learn about masculinity from those who were older and wiser.<sup id="cite_ref-Messner_9-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Messner-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Michael_Harner_author_of_Cave_and_Cosmos.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Michael_Harner_author_of_Cave_and_Cosmos.png/220px-Michael_Harner_author_of_Cave_and_Cosmos.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="238" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Michael_Harner_author_of_Cave_and_Cosmos.png/330px-Michael_Harner_author_of_Cave_and_Cosmos.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Michael_Harner_author_of_Cave_and_Cosmos.png/440px-Michael_Harner_author_of_Cave_and_Cosmos.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="810" /></a><figcaption>Author <a href="/wiki/Michael_Harner" title="Michael Harner">Michael Harner</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Characteristic of the early mythopoetic movement was a tendency to retell myths, legends and folktales, and engage in their <a href="/wiki/Exegesis" title="Exegesis">exegesis</a> as a tool for personal insight. Using frequent references to <a href="/wiki/Archetypes" class="mw-redirect" title="Archetypes">archetypes</a> as drawn from <a href="/wiki/Jungian" class="mw-redirect" title="Jungian">Jungian</a> <a href="/wiki/Analytical_psychology" title="Analytical psychology">analytical psychology</a>, the movement focused on issues of <a href="/wiki/Gender_role" title="Gender role">gender role</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gender_identity" title="Gender identity">gender identity</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wellness_(medicine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wellness (medicine)">wellness</a> for the modern man (and woman). Advocates would often engage in storytelling with music, these acts being seen as a modern extension to a form of "<a href="/wiki/New_age" class="mw-redirect" title="New age">new age</a> <a href="/wiki/Shamanism" title="Shamanism">shamanism</a>" popularized by <a href="/wiki/Michael_Harner" title="Michael Harner">Michael Harner</a> at approximately the same time. The movement sought to empower men by means of equating archetypal characters with their own emotions and abilities. For instance, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Messner" title="Michael Messner">Michael Messner</a> describes the concept of "Zeus energy" as emphasizing "male authority accepted for the good of the community".<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Beliefs about the emotional system based in archetypes of <a href="/wiki/Great_Man_theory" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Man theory">great men</a>, mythopoets sought to channel these characters in themselves, so that they could unleash their "animal-males". This group primarily analyzed the archetypes of King, Warrior, Magician, Lover<sup id="cite_ref-Moore_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Moore-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Wildman.<sup id="cite_ref-Bly_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bly-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Messner_9-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Messner-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some academic work came from the movement, as well as the creation of various magazines, continuing annual conferences based on Robert Bly's vision for creative communities such as Minnesota Men's Conference and the Great Mother and New Father Conference, and non-profit organizations doing related work like the <a href="/wiki/ManKind_Project" title="ManKind Project">ManKind Project</a> and Micheal Meade's Mosaic Multicultural Foundation. Mythopoetic practices among women's groups and <a href="/wiki/Feminism" title="Feminism">feminists</a> were more commonly seen as part of a more general "women's spirituality". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politics">Politics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mythopoetic_men%27s_movement&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As a self-help movement, the mythopoetic movement tends not to take explicit stances on political issues such as feminism, <a href="/wiki/Gay_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Gay rights">gay rights</a> or <a href="/wiki/Family_law" title="Family law">family law</a> (such as the issues of divorce, domestic violence or child custody), preferring instead to stay focused on emotional and psychological well-being. Because of this neutrality, the movement became a target of social criticism by feminists, and was often characterized as anti-intellectual as well as apolitical.<sup id="cite_ref-Messner_9-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Messner-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mythopoetic_men%27s_movement&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Masculism" title="Masculism">Masculism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Men%27s_movement" title="Men's movement">Men's movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bly" title="Robert Bly">Robert Bly</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mythopoetic_men%27s_movement&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Messner argues that while movement participants may benefit from the nurturing acknowledgement of shared pain among men, the promotion of "male authority" rooted in a stereotypical male–female duality represents a new form of <a href="/wiki/Hegemonic_masculinity" title="Hegemonic masculinity">hegemonic masculinity</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Keith_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Keith-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mythopoetic_men%27s_movement&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bliss, Shepherd. Revisioning Masculinity A report on the growing men's movement, <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.context.org/iclib/ic16/bliss/">https://www.context.org/iclib/ic16/bliss/</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gelfer-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gelfer_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFGelfer2014" class="citation book cs1">Gelfer, Joseph (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=AbEYDQAAQBAJ&q=shepherd+bliss&pg=PT28"><i>Numen, Old Men: Contemporary Masculine Spiritualities and the Problem of Patriarchy</i></a>. Routledge. p. 16. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-31-547843-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-31-547843-2"><bdi>978-1-31-547843-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Numen%2C+Old+Men%3A+Contemporary+Masculine+Spiritualities+and+the+Problem+of+Patriarchy&rft.pages=16&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-31-547843-2&rft.aulast=Gelfer&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAbEYDQAAQBAJ%26q%3Dshepherd%2Bbliss%26pg%3DPT28&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMythopoetic+men%27s+movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bly-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bly_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bly_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBly1990" class="citation book cs1">Bly, Robert (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ironjohnbookabou00blyr"><i>Iron John: A Book About Men</i></a>. Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-201-51720-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-201-51720-0"><bdi>978-0-201-51720-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Iron+John%3A+A+Book+About+Men&rft.place=Reading%2C+Mass.&rft.pub=Addison-Wesley&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0-201-51720-0&rft.aulast=Bly&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fironjohnbookabou00blyr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMythopoetic+men%27s+movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Carroll-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Carroll_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCarroll2003" class="citation book cs1">Carroll, Bret, ed. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=c5t2AwAAQBAJ&pg=PA302"><i>American Masculinities: A Historical Encyclopedia</i></a>. SAGE Publications. pp. 302–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-45-226571-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-45-226571-1"><bdi>978-1-45-226571-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=American+Masculinities%3A+A+Historical+Encyclopedia&rft.pages=302-&rft.pub=SAGE+Publications&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-1-45-226571-1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dc5t2AwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA302&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMythopoetic+men%27s+movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cahill-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Cahill_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCahill2015" class="citation book cs1">Cahill, Charlotte (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XO9nBwAAQBAJ&q=%22mythopoetic+men%27s+movement%22&pg=PA420">"Men's Movement"</a>. In Chapman, Roger; Ciment, James (eds.). <i>Culture Wars in America: An Encyclopedia of Issues, Viewpoints and Voices, Volume 2</i> (2nd ed.). Routledge. p. 420. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-31-747351-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-31-747351-0"><bdi>978-1-31-747351-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Men%27s+Movement&rft.btitle=Culture+Wars+in+America%3A+An+Encyclopedia+of+Issues%2C+Viewpoints+and+Voices%2C+Volume+2&rft.pages=420&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-31-747351-0&rft.aulast=Cahill&rft.aufirst=Charlotte&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXO9nBwAAQBAJ%26q%3D%2522mythopoetic%2Bmen%2527s%2Bmovement%2522%26pg%3DPA420&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMythopoetic+men%27s+movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Schwalbe-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Schwalbe_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSchwalbe2007" class="citation book cs1">Schwalbe, Michael (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=T54J3Q_VwnIC&pg=PA450">"Mythopoetic Movement"</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Michael_Flood" title="Michael Flood">Flood, Michael</a>; et al. (eds.). <i>International Encyclopedia of Men and Masculinities</i>. Routledge. pp. <span class="nowrap">450–</span>453. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-13-431707-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-13-431707-3"><bdi>978-1-13-431707-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Mythopoetic+Movement&rft.btitle=International+Encyclopedia+of+Men+and+Masculinities&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E450-%3C%2Fspan%3E453&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-13-431707-3&rft.aulast=Schwalbe&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DT54J3Q_VwnIC%26pg%3DPA450&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMythopoetic+men%27s+movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sharp, p. 27</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">James Hillman Lecture: Fathering the Boy Inside, 1988. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kvGpas1ETOI">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kvGpas1ETOI</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Messner-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Messner_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Messner_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Messner_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Messner_9-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Messner_9-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Messner_9-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Messner_9-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Messner_9-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Messner_9-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Messner_9-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMessner2000" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Messner" title="Michael Messner">Messner, Michael A.</a> (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EfyxAAAAQBAJ">"Essentialist retreat: the mythopoetic men's movement and the Christian promise keepers"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/politicsofmascul00mess/page/17"><i>Politics of Masculinities: Men in Movements</i></a>. Lanham, Maryland: AltaMira Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/politicsofmascul00mess/page/17">17–23</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-80-395576-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-80-395576-9"><bdi>978-0-80-395576-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Essentialist+retreat%3A+the+mythopoetic+men%27s+movement+and+the+Christian+promise+keepers&rft.btitle=Politics+of+Masculinities%3A+Men+in+Movements&rft.place=Lanham%2C+Maryland&rft.pages=17-23&rft.pub=AltaMira+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-80-395576-9&rft.aulast=Messner&rft.aufirst=Michael+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEfyxAAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMythopoetic+men%27s+movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Connell-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Connell_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Connell_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFConnell2007" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Raewyn_Connell" title="Raewyn Connell">Connell, R. W.</a> (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=W8h1h8wa2yQC&pg=PA120">"A whole new world"</a>. <i>Masculinities</i> (2nd ed.). Cambridge, UK: Polity. pp. <span class="nowrap">120–</span>142. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-74-563427-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-74-563427-2"><bdi>978-0-74-563427-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=A+whole+new+world&rft.btitle=Masculinities&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+UK&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E120-%3C%2Fspan%3E142&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Polity&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-74-563427-2&rft.aulast=Connell&rft.aufirst=R.+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DW8h1h8wa2yQC%26pg%3DPA120&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMythopoetic+men%27s+movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Schweder-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Schweder_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFShweder1994" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Shweder" title="Richard Shweder">Shweder, Richard A.</a> (9 January 1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1994/01/09/books/what-do-men-want-a-reading-list-for-the-male-identity-crisis.html">"What Do Men Want? A Reading List For the Male Identity Crisis"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=What+Do+Men+Want%3F+A+Reading+List+For+the+Male+Identity+Crisis&rft.date=1994-01-09&rft.aulast=Shweder&rft.aufirst=Richard+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1994%2F01%2F09%2Fbooks%2Fwhat-do-men-want-a-reading-list-for-the-male-identity-crisis.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMythopoetic+men%27s+movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Longwood-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Longwood_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLongwoodSchipperCulbertsonKellom2012" class="citation book cs1">Longwood, W. Merle; Schipper, William C.; Culbertson, Philip; Kellom, Gar (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RvxJAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA65">"American men, religion and spirituality"</a>. <i>Forging the Male Spirit: The Spiritual Lives of American College Men</i>. Eugene, Oregon: Wipf and Stock Publishers. pp. <span class="nowrap">65–</span>6. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55-635305-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55-635305-5"><bdi>978-1-55-635305-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=American+men%2C+religion+and+spirituality&rft.btitle=Forging+the+Male+Spirit%3A+The+Spiritual+Lives+of+American+College+Men&rft.place=Eugene%2C+Oregon&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E65-%3C%2Fspan%3E6&rft.pub=Wipf+and+Stock+Publishers&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-55-635305-5&rft.aulast=Longwood&rft.aufirst=W.+Merle&rft.au=Schipper%2C+William+C.&rft.au=Culbertson%2C+Philip&rft.au=Kellom%2C+Gar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRvxJAwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA65&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMythopoetic+men%27s+movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Keith-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Keith_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKeith2017" class="citation book cs1">Keith, Thomas (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oi8lDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA99">"Men's Movements and Organizations"</a>. <i>Masculinities in Contemporary American Culture: An Intersectional Approach to the Complexities and Challenges of Male Identity</i>. Taylor & Francis. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-31-759535-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-31-759535-9"><bdi>978-1-31-759535-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Men%27s+Movements+and+Organizations&rft.btitle=Masculinities+in+Contemporary+American+Culture%3A+An+Intersectional+Approach+to+the+Complexities+and+Challenges+of+Male+Identity&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-1-31-759535-9&rft.aulast=Keith&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Doi8lDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA99&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMythopoetic+men%27s+movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Moore-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Moore_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMooreGillette1990" class="citation book cs1">Moore, Robert; Gillette, Douglas (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/kingwarriormagic00moor_1"><i>King Warrior Magician Lover: Rediscovering the Archetypes of the Mature Masculine</i></a>. San Francisco, California: HarperSanFrancisco. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-06-250597-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-06-250597-2"><bdi>978-0-06-250597-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=King+Warrior+Magician+Lover%3A+Rediscovering+the+Archetypes+of+the+Mature+Masculine&rft.place=San+Francisco%2C+California&rft.pub=HarperSanFrancisco&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0-06-250597-2&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.au=Gillette%2C+Douglas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fkingwarriormagic00moor_1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMythopoetic+men%27s+movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mythopoetic_men%27s_movement&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBarton2000" class="citation book cs1">Barton, Edward R. (2000). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/mythopoeticpersp00bart/mode/1up"><i>Mythopoetic Perspectives of Men's Healing Work: An Anthology for Therapists and Others</i></a></span>. Bergin & Garvey. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-89-789646-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-89-789646-7"><bdi>978-0-89-789646-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mythopoetic+Perspectives+of+Men%27s+Healing+Work%3A+An+Anthology+for+Therapists+and+Others&rft.pub=Bergin+%26+Garvey&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-89-789646-7&rft.aulast=Barton&rft.aufirst=Edward+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmythopoeticpersp00bart%2Fmode%2F1up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMythopoetic+men%27s+movement" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBly1990" class="citation book cs1">Bly, Robert (1990). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ironjohnbookabou00blyr/mode/1up"><i>Iron John: A Book About Men</i></a></span>. Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-201-51720-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-201-51720-0"><bdi>978-0-201-51720-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Iron+John%3A+A+Book+About+Men&rft.place=Reading%2C+Mass.&rft.pub=Addison-Wesley&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0-201-51720-0&rft.aulast=Bly&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fironjohnbookabou00blyr%2Fmode%2F1up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMythopoetic+men%27s+movement" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFClatterbaugh1997" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Clatterbaugh" title="Kenneth Clatterbaugh">Clatterbaugh, Kenneth C.</a> (1997). "The Mythopoetic Movement: Men in Search of Spiritual Growth". <i>Contemporary Perspectives on Masculinity: Men, Women, and Politics in Modern Society</i> (2nd ed.). Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-81-332701-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-81-332701-6"><bdi>0-81-332701-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Mythopoetic+Movement%3A+Men+in+Search+of+Spiritual+Growth&rft.btitle=Contemporary+Perspectives+on+Masculinity%3A+Men%2C+Women%2C+and+Politics+in+Modern+Society&rft.place=Boulder%2C+Colorado&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Westview+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=0-81-332701-6&rft.aulast=Clatterbaugh&rft.aufirst=Kenneth+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMythopoetic+men%27s+movement" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFEstes2003" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Clarissa_Pinkola_Estes" class="mw-redirect" title="Clarissa Pinkola Estes">Estes, Clarissa P.</a> (2003). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/womenwhorunwithw00ests/mode/1up"><i>Women Who Run With the Wolves: Myths and Stories of the Wild Woman Archetype</i></a></span> (2nd ed.). New York: Ballantine. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-34-537744-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-34-537744-9"><bdi>978-0-34-537744-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Women+Who+Run+With+the+Wolves%3A+Myths+and+Stories+of+the+Wild+Woman+Archetype&rft.place=New+York&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Ballantine&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-34-537744-9&rft.aulast=Estes&rft.aufirst=Clarissa+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwomenwhorunwithw00ests%2Fmode%2F1up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMythopoetic+men%27s+movement" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFerber2000" class="citation journal cs1">Ferber, Abby L. (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/249697435">"Racial Warriors and Weekend Warriors: The Construction of Masculinity in Mythopoetic and White Supremacist Discourse"</a>. <i>Men and Masculinities</i>. <b>3</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">30–</span>56. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1097184X00003001002">10.1177/1097184X00003001002</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:146491795">146491795</a> – via ResearchGate.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Men+and+Masculinities&rft.atitle=Racial+Warriors+and+Weekend+Warriors%3A+The+Construction+of+Masculinity+in+Mythopoetic+and+White+Supremacist+Discourse&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E30-%3C%2Fspan%3E56&rft.date=2000&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F1097184X00003001002&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A146491795%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Ferber&rft.aufirst=Abby+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F249697435&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMythopoetic+men%27s+movement" class="Z3988"></span> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r996643573">.mw-parser-output .block-indent{padding-left:3em;padding-right:0;overflow:hidden}</style><div class="block-indent" style="padding-left: 1em;">Reprinted in: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMurphy2004" class="citation book cs1">Murphy, Peter F., ed. (2004). <i>Feminism and Masculinities</i>. Oxford Readings in Feminism. Oxford University Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">228–</span>243. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-926724-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-926724-8"><bdi>978-0-19-926724-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Feminism+and+Masculinities&rft.series=Oxford+Readings+in+Feminism&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E228-%3C%2Fspan%3E243&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-19-926724-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMythopoetic+men%27s+movement" class="Z3988"></span></div></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKimmel1995" class="citation book cs1">Kimmel, Michael S., ed. (1995). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/politicsofmanhoo00kimm/mode/1up"><i>The Politics of Manhood: Profeminist Men Respond to the Mythopoetic Men's Movement (And the Mythopoetic Leaders Answer)</i></a></span>. Temple University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-56-639365-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-56-639365-2"><bdi>978-1-56-639365-2</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt14bswd0">j.ctt14bswd0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Politics+of+Manhood%3A+Profeminist+Men+Respond+to+the+Mythopoetic+Men%27s+Movement+%28And+the+Mythopoetic+Leaders+Answer%29&rft.pub=Temple+University+Press&rft.date=1995&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fj.ctt14bswd0%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.isbn=978-1-56-639365-2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpoliticsofmanhoo00kimm%2Fmode%2F1up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMythopoetic+men%27s+movement" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKimmel2004" class="citation book cs1">Kimmel, Michael S. (2004). "Mythopoetic Men's Movement". In Kimmel, Michael; Aronson, Amy (eds.). <i>Men and Masculinities: A Social, Cultural, and Historical Encyclopedia</i>. ABC-CLIO. pp. <span class="nowrap">558–</span>560. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57-607774-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57-607774-0"><bdi>978-1-57-607774-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Mythopoetic+Men%27s+Movement&rft.btitle=Men+and+Masculinities%3A+A+Social%2C+Cultural%2C+and+Historical+Encyclopedia&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E558-%3C%2Fspan%3E560&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-57-607774-0&rft.aulast=Kimmel&rft.aufirst=Michael+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMythopoetic+men%27s+movement" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMagnuson2016" class="citation book cs1">Magnuson, Eric (2016). <i>Changing Men, Transforming Culture: Inside the Men's Movement</i>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-31-726255-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-31-726255-8"><bdi>978-1-31-726255-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Changing+Men%2C+Transforming+Culture%3A+Inside+the+Men%27s+Movement&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-31-726255-8&rft.aulast=Magnuson&rft.aufirst=Eric&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMythopoetic+men%27s+movement" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMeade1993" class="citation book cs1">Meade, Michael (1993). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/menwateroflife00mich/mode/1up"><i>Men and the Water of Life: Initiation and the tempering of men</i></a></span> (1st ed.). San Francisco: HarperSanFrancisco. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-06-250542-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-06-250542-2"><bdi>978-0-06-250542-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Men+and+the+Water+of+Life%3A+Initiation+and+the+tempering+of+men&rft.place=San+Francisco&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=HarperSanFrancisco&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-0-06-250542-2&rft.aulast=Meade&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmenwateroflife00mich%2Fmode%2F1up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMythopoetic+men%27s+movement" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMooreGillette1990" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Robert_L._Moore_(psychologist)" title="Robert L. Moore (psychologist)">Moore, Robert</a>; Gillette, Douglas (1990). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/kingwarriormagic00moor_1/mode/1up"><i>King, Warrior, Magician, Lover: Rediscovering the Archetypes of the Mature Masculine</i></a></span> (1st ed.). San Francisco: HarperSanFrancisco. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-06-250597-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-06-250597-2"><bdi>978-0-06-250597-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=King%2C+Warrior%2C+Magician%2C+Lover%3A+Rediscovering+the+Archetypes+of+the+Mature+Masculine&rft.place=San+Francisco&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=HarperSanFrancisco&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0-06-250597-2&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.au=Gillette%2C+Douglas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fkingwarriormagic00moor_1%2Fmode%2F1up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMythopoetic+men%27s+movement" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSchwalbe1996" class="citation book cs1">Schwalbe, Michael L. (1996). <i>Unlocking the Iron Cage: The Men's Movement, Gender Politics, and American Culture</i>. New York: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-509229-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-509229-5"><bdi>978-0-19-509229-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Unlocking+the+Iron+Cage%3A+The+Men%27s+Movement%2C+Gender+Politics%2C+and+American+Culture&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-19-509229-5&rft.aulast=Schwalbe&rft.aufirst=Michael+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMythopoetic+men%27s+movement" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWalsh1997" class="citation book cs1">Walsh, Mary Roth, ed. (1997). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/womenmengender00mary/page/399/mode/1up">"Men's Behavior: Is the Mythopoetic Men's Movement Creating New Obstacles for Women?"</a></span>. <i>Women, Men & Gender: Ongoing Debates</i>. Yale University Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">399–</span>401. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-30-006938-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-30-006938-3"><bdi>0-30-006938-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Men%27s+Behavior%3A+Is+the+Mythopoetic+Men%27s+Movement+Creating+New+Obstacles+for+Women%3F&rft.btitle=Women%2C+Men+%26+Gender%3A+Ongoing+Debates&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E399-%3C%2Fspan%3E401&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=0-30-006938-3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwomenmengender00mary%2Fpage%2F399%2Fmode%2F1up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMythopoetic+men%27s+movement" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mythopoetic_men%27s_movement&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.minnesotamensconference.com/">Minnesota Men's Conference</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mkp.org/">The Mankind Project</a>, a non-profit educational group focused on masculinity</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.agatheringofmen.org/">A Gathering Of Men</a>, a Seattle non-profit devoted to providing a place for men to share, connect, and live lives of deep authenticity</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.TheMensCouncil.org/">The Men's Council</a> Men Helping Men Build Better Lives, a North Carolina non-profit - dedicated to providing a safe place for men to explore going deeper in the safety of men.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gender_equality" title="Gender equality">Gender equality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_marking_in_job_titles" title="Gender marking in job titles">Gender marking in job titles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_pay_gap" title="Gender pay gap">Gender pay gap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hegemonic_masculinity" title="Hegemonic masculinity">Hegemonic masculinity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_sexism" title="Occupational sexism">Occupational sexism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_harassment" title="Sexual harassment">Sexual harassment</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Marriage and reproduction</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_of_convenience" title="Marriage of convenience">Marriage of convenience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paper_abortion" title="Paper abortion">Paper abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paternal_bond" title="Paternal bond">Paternal bond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paternal_rights_and_abortion" title="Paternal rights and abortion">Paternal rights and abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paternalism" title="Paternalism">Paternalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paternity_fraud" title="Paternity fraud">Paternity fraud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrilineality" title="Patrilineality">Patrilineality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sperm_theft" class="mw-redirect" title="Sperm theft">Sperm theft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stay-at-home_dad" title="Stay-at-home dad">Stay-at-home dad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tender_years_doctrine" title="Tender years doctrine">Tender years doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trophy_wife" title="Trophy wife">Trophy wife</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Crime</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_shelter#Male_residents" title="Women's shelter">Men's shelter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_differences_in_crime" title="Sex differences in crime">Sex differences in crime</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sexual</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Human_male_sexuality" title="Human male sexuality">Human male sexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Testosterone_poisoning" title="Testosterone poisoning">Testosterone poisoning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virility" title="Virility">Virility</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Herbivore_men" title="Herbivore men">Herbivore men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manosphere" title="Manosphere">Manosphere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masculine_beauty_ideal" title="Masculine beauty ideal">Masculine beauty ideal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Men%27s_health" title="Men's health">Men's health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_sex_ratio" title="Human sex ratio">Human sex ratio</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #D5DFCE;;width:1%">Movements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Men%27s_movement" title="Men's movement">Men's movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Men%27s_liberation_movement" title="Men's liberation movement">Men's liberation movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Men%27s_rights_movement" title="Men's rights movement">Men's rights movement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Men%27s_rights_movement_in_India" title="Men's rights movement in India">India</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mythopoetic men's movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Men_Going_Their_Own_Way" title="Men Going Their Own Way">Men Going Their Own Way</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Fathers&#039;_rights_movement28" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D5DFCE; color:black;"><a href="/wiki/Fathers%27_rights_movement" title="Fathers' rights movement">Fathers' rights movement</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fathers%27_rights_movement_by_country" title="Fathers' rights movement by country">By country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fathers%27_rights_movement_in_Australia" title="Fathers' rights movement in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fathers%27_rights_movement_in_Italy" title="Fathers' rights movement in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fathers%27_rights_movement_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Fathers' rights movement in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fathers%27_rights_movement_in_the_United_States" title="Fathers' rights movement in the United States">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #D5DFCE;;width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bly" title="Robert Bly">Robert Bly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Donovan_(writer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jack Donovan (writer)">Jack Donovan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_Farrell" title="Warren Farrell">Warren Farrell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cassie_Jaye" title="Cassie Jaye">Cassie Jaye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Kimmel" title="Michael Kimmel">Michael Kimmel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Messner" title="Michael Messner">Michael Messner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erin_Pizzey" title="Erin Pizzey">Erin Pizzey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bettina_Arndt" title="Bettina Arndt">Bettina Arndt</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #D5DFCE;;width:1%">Remembrance days</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Men%27s_Day" title="International Men's Day">International Men's Day</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #D5DFCE;;width:1%">Issues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Violence" title="Violence">Violence</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dating_violence" title="Dating violence">Dating violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domestic_violence_against_men" title="Domestic violence against men">Domestic violence against men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forced_circumcision" title="Forced circumcision">Forced circumcision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boys_are_stupid,_throw_rocks_at_them!_controversy" title="Boys are stupid, throw rocks at them! controversy">Boys are stupid, throw rocks at them! controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conflict_tactics_scale" title="Conflict tactics scale">Conflict tactics scale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Male_rape" class="mw-redirect" title="Male rape">Male rape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misandry" title="Misandry">Misandry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sexism</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Androcracy" title="Androcracy">Androcracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Androcentrism" title="Androcentrism">Androcentrism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background: #D5DFCE;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" 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