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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Historical background</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historical_background-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mythology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mythology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Mythology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mythology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tantalus_in_art" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tantalus_in_art"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Tantalus in art</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tantalus_in_art-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Tantalus</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 51 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-51" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">51 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tantalos" title="Tantalos – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Tantalos" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B3" title="تانتالوس – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تانتالوس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tantal_(mifologiya)" title="Tantal (mifologiya) – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Tantal (mifologiya)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB_(%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Тантал (митология) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Тантал (митология)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tantal_(mitologija)" title="Tantal (mitologija) – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Tantal (mitologija)" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A0ntal_(fill_de_Zeus)" title="Tàntal (fill de Zeus) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Tàntal (fill de Zeus)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tantalos" title="Tantalos – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Tantalos" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tantalos" title="Tantalos – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Tantalos" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tantalos" title="Tantalos – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Tantalos" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tantalos" title="Tantalos – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Tantalos" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%AC%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Τάνταλος – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τάνταλος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A1ntalo_(padre_de_P%C3%A9lope)" title="Tántalo (padre de Pélope) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Tántalo (padre de Pélope)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tantalo_(mitologio)" title="Tantalo (mitologio) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Tantalo (mitologio)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A1ntalu" title="Tántalu – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Tántalu" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tantalo_(mitologia)" title="Tantalo (mitologia) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Tantalo (mitologia)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B3" title="تانتالوس – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تانتالوس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tantale_fils_de_Zeus" title="Tantale fils de Zeus – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Tantale fils de Zeus" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A1ntalo_(mitolox%C3%ADa)" title="Tántalo (mitoloxía) – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Tántalo (mitoloxía)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%83%84%ED%83%88%EB%A1%9C%EC%8A%A4" title="탄탈로스 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="탄탈로스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8F%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%B8%D5%BD" title="Տանտալոս – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Տանտալոս" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tantal_(mitologija)" title="Tantal (mitologija) – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Tantal (mitologija)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tantalos" title="Tantalos – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Tantalos" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tantalo" title="Tantalo – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Tantalo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%A1" title="טנטלוס – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="טנטלוס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tantalus" title="Tantalus – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Tantalus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tantalas_(mitologija)" title="Tantalas (mitologija) – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Tantalas (mitologija)" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tantalosz_(Zeusz_fia)" title="Tantalosz (Zeusz fia) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Tantalosz (Zeusz fia)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB_(%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0)" title="Тантал (митологија) – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Тантал (митологија)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="ടാൻടലസ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ടാൻടലസ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tantalus" title="Tantalus – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Tantalus" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%BF%E3%83%B3%E3%82%BF%E3%83%AD%E3%82%B9" title="タンタロス – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="タンタロス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tantalos" title="Tantalos – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Tantalos" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tantal_(mitologia)" title="Tantal (mitologia) – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Tantal (mitologia)" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tantal" title="Tantal – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Tantal" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tantal_(syn_Zeusa)" title="Tantal (syn Zeusa) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Tantal (syn Zeusa)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A2ntalo" title="Tântalo – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Tântalo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tantal_(mitologie)" title="Tantal (mitologie) – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Tantal (mitologie)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB_(%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Тантал (мифология) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Тантал (мифология)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tantalus" title="Tantalus – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Tantalus" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tantalos_(syn_Dia)" title="Tantalos (syn Dia) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Tantalos (syn Dia)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tantal_(mitologija)" title="Tantal (mitologija) – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Tantal (mitologija)" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB_(%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0)" title="Тантал (митологија) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Тантал (митологија)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tantal_(mitologija)" title="Tantal (mitologija) – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Tantal (mitologija)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tantalos" title="Tantalos – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Tantalos" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tantalos" title="Tantalos – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Tantalos" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB_(%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Тантал (мифология) – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Тантал (мифология)" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tantalos" title="Tantalos – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Tantalos" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB_(%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F)" title="Тантал (міфологія) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Тантал (міфологія)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tantalus" title="Tantalus – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tantalus" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a 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i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Tantalus_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Tantalus (disambiguation)">Tantalus (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;background-color: #CEF2E0;">Tantalus</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div style="font-size: 110%;">Mythological King</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Tantalus_Gioacchino_Assereto_circa1640s.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Tantalus_Gioacchino_Assereto_circa1640s.jpg/220px-Tantalus_Gioacchino_Assereto_circa1640s.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="263" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Tantalus_Gioacchino_Assereto_circa1640s.jpg/330px-Tantalus_Gioacchino_Assereto_circa1640s.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Tantalus_Gioacchino_Assereto_circa1640s.jpg/440px-Tantalus_Gioacchino_Assereto_circa1640s.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1287" data-file-height="1540" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><i>Tantalus</i> by <a href="/wiki/Gioacchino_Assereto" title="Gioacchino Assereto">Gioacchino Assereto</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other names</th><td class="infobox-data">Atys</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Abode</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lydia" title="Lydia">Lydia</a> or <a href="/wiki/Phrygia" title="Phrygia">Phrygia</a> or <a href="/wiki/Paphlagonia" title="Paphlagonia">Paphlagonia</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #CEF2E0;">Genealogy</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parents</th><td class="infobox-data">(1) <a href="/wiki/Zeus" title="Zeus">Zeus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pluto_(mother_of_Tantalus)" title="Pluto (mother of Tantalus)">Pluto</a><br />(2) <a href="/wiki/Tmolus_(father_of_Tantalus)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tmolus (father of Tantalus)">Tmolus</a> and Pluto</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Consort</th><td class="infobox-data">(i) <a href="/wiki/Dione_(mythology)#Nymph_or_sea-nymph" title="Dione (mythology)">Dione</a><br />(ii) <a href="/wiki/Taygete" title="Taygete">Taygete</a><br />(iii) <a href="/wiki/Eurythemista" title="Eurythemista">Eurythemista</a><br />(iv) <a href="/wiki/Euryanassa" title="Euryanassa">Euryanassa</a><br />(v) <a href="/wiki/Clytie" title="Clytie">Clytie</a><br />(vi) <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eupryto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eupryto (page does not exist)">Eupryto</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Pelops" title="Pelops">Pelops</a>, <a href="/wiki/Niobe" title="Niobe">Niobe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Broteas" title="Broteas">Broteas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dascylus" title="Dascylus">Dascylus</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="width:20em;border-collapse:collapse;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle" style="background:darkseagreen"><span style="color:white">Part of a series on the</span></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:darkseagreen"><a href="/wiki/Greek_underworld" title="Greek underworld">Greek underworld</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#cef2e0"> Residents</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left"> <div class="div-col" style="column-width: 6em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aeacus" title="Aeacus">Aeacus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angelos_(mythology)" title="Angelos (mythology)">Angelos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arae" title="Arae">Arae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ascalaphus_(son_of_Acheron)" title="Ascalaphus (son of Acheron)">Ascalaphus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cerberus" title="Cerberus">Cerberus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceuthonymus" title="Ceuthonymus">Ceuthonymus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charon" title="Charon">Charon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erinyes" title="Erinyes">Erinyes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurynomos_(daemon)" title="Eurynomos (daemon)">Eurynomos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hades" title="Hades">Hades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hecate" title="Hecate">Hecate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypnos" title="Hypnos">Hypnos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melino%C3%AB" title="Melinoë">Melinoë</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menoetius" title="Menoetius">Menoetius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minos" title="Minos">Minos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moirai" title="Moirai">Moirai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyx" title="Nyx">Nyx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persephone" title="Persephone">Persephone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pluto_(mythology)" title="Pluto (mythology)">Pluto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhadamanthus" title="Rhadamanthus">Rhadamanthus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thanatos" title="Thanatos">Thanatos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zagreus" title="Zagreus">Zagreus</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#cef2e0"> Geography</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left"> <div class="div-col" style="column-width: 6em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acheron" title="Acheron">Acheron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asphodel_Meadows" title="Asphodel Meadows">Asphodel<br />Meadows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocytus" title="Cocytus">Cocytus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elysium" title="Elysium">Elysium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fortunate_Isles" title="Fortunate Isles">Fortunate Isles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_of_dreams_(mythology)" title="Land of dreams (mythology)">Land of dreams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lethe" title="Lethe">Lethe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phlegethon" title="Phlegethon">Phlegethon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Styx" title="Styx">Styx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tartarus" title="Tartarus">Tartarus</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#cef2e0"> Prisoners</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left"> <div class="div-col" style="column-width: 6em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arke" title="Arke">Arke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dana%C3%AFdes" title="Danaïdes">Danaïdes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ixion" title="Ixion">Ixion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocnus" title="Ocnus">Ocnus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salmoneus" title="Salmoneus">Salmoneus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sisyphus" title="Sisyphus">Sisyphus</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tantalus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titans_(mythology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Titans (mythology)">Titans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tityos" title="Tityos">Tityus</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#cef2e0"> Visitors</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left"> <div class="div-col" style="column-width: 6em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aeneas" title="Aeneas">Aeneas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionysus" title="Dionysus">Dionysus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heracles" title="Heracles">Heracles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermes" title="Hermes">Hermes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odysseus" title="Odysseus">Odysseus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orpheus" title="Orpheus">Orpheus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirithous" title="Pirithous">Pirithous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cupid_and_Psyche" title="Cupid and Psyche">Psyche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theseus" title="Theseus">Theseus</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="padding-right:0.3em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Greek_underworld" title="Template:Greek underworld"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Greek_underworld" title="Template talk:Greek underworld"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Greek_underworld" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Greek underworld"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Tantalus</b> (<a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek language">Ancient Greek</a>: <span lang="grc">Τάνταλος</span> <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><i lang="grc-Latn">Tántalos</i></span>), also called <b>Atys</b>, was a <a href="/wiki/Greek_mythology" title="Greek mythology">Greek mythological</a> figure, most famous for his punishment in <a href="/wiki/Tartarus" title="Tartarus">Tartarus</a>: for revealing many secrets of the gods and for trying to trick them into eating his son, he was made to stand in a pool of water beneath a fruit tree with low branches, with the fruit ever eluding his grasp, and the water always receding before he could take a drink. </p><p>Tantalus was the father of <a href="/wiki/Pelops" title="Pelops">Pelops</a>, <a href="/wiki/Niobe" title="Niobe">Niobe</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Broteas" title="Broteas">Broteas</a>. He was a son of <a href="/wiki/Zeus" title="Zeus">Zeus</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or <a href="/wiki/Tmolus_(mythology)" title="Tmolus (mythology)">Tmolus</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a woman named <a href="/wiki/Pluto_(mother_of_Tantalus)" title="Pluto (mother of Tantalus)">Pluto</a>. Thus, like other heroes in Greek mythology such as <a href="/wiki/Theseus" title="Theseus">Theseus</a> (his great-great-grandson) and the <a href="/wiki/Dioskouroi" class="mw-redirect" title="Dioskouroi">Dioskouroi</a>, he had one divine and one mortal parent. </p><p>The Greeks used the proverb "Tantalean punishment" (<a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek language">Ancient Greek</a>: <span lang="grc">Ταντάλειοι τιμωρίαι</span>: <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><i lang="grc-Latn">Tantáleioi timōríai</i></span>) in reference to those who have good things but are not permitted to enjoy them.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His name and punishment are also the source of the English word <i>tantalize</i>, meaning to torment with the sight of something desired but out of reach; tease by arousing expectations that are repeatedly disappointed.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tantalus&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Plato" title="Plato">Plato</a> in the <i><a href="/wiki/Cratylus_(dialogue)" title="Cratylus (dialogue)">Cratylus</a></i> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nlp.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text.jsp?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0171%3Atext%3DCrat.%3Asection%3D395e">395e</a>) interprets <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">Τάνταλος</span></span> (<i><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><i lang="grc-Latn">Tántalos</i></span></i>) as <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ταλάντατος</span></span> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><i lang="grc-Latn">talántatos</i></span>) [<a href="/wiki/Accusative_case" title="Accusative case">acc.</a> <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ταλάντατον</span></span>: <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><i lang="grc-Latn">talántaton</i></span> in the original], "who has to bear much" from <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">τάλας</span></span> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><i lang="grc-Latn">tálas</i></span>) "wretched". </p><p>The word <i><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">τάλας</span></span></i> (<i><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><i lang="grc-Latn">tálas</i></span></i>) is held by some to be inherited from <a href="/wiki/Proto-Indo-European" class="mw-redirect" title="Proto-Indo-European">Proto-Indo-European</a>, although <a href="/wiki/Robert_S._P._Beekes" title="Robert S. P. Beekes">R. S. P. Beekes</a> rejects an Indo-European interpretation.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historical_background">Historical background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tantalus&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Historical background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lineage_Tantalus.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Lineage_Tantalus.svg/350px-Lineage_Tantalus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="298" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Lineage_Tantalus.svg/525px-Lineage_Tantalus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Lineage_Tantalus.svg/700px-Lineage_Tantalus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="521" data-file-height="444" /></a><figcaption>Genealogical tree of Tantalus</figcaption></figure> <p>There may have been a historical Tantalus, possibly the ruler of an <a href="/wiki/Anatolia" title="Anatolia">Anatolian</a> city named "Tantalís",<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "the city of Tantalus", or of a city named "Sipylus".<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Pausanias_(geographer)" title="Pausanias (geographer)">Pausanias</a> reports that there was a port under his name and a sepulcher of him "by no means obscure", in the same region. </p><p>Tantalus is sometimes referred to as "King of <a href="/wiki/Phrygia" title="Phrygia">Phrygia</a>",<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although his city was located in the western extremity of <a href="/wiki/Anatolia" title="Anatolia">Anatolia</a>, where <a href="/wiki/Lydia" title="Lydia">Lydia</a> was to emerge as a state before the beginning of the first millennium BC, and not in the traditional heartland of Phrygia, situated more inland. References to his son as "Pelops the Lydian" led some scholars to the conclusion that there would be good grounds for believing that he belonged to a primordial house of <a href="/wiki/Lydia" title="Lydia">Lydia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:4_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other versions name his father as <a href="/wiki/Tmolus_(father_of_Tantalus)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tmolus (father of Tantalus)">Tmolus</a>, the name of a <a href="/wiki/List_of_Kings_of_Lydia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Kings of Lydia">king of Lydia</a> and, like Sipylus, of another mountain in ancient Lydia. The location of Tantalus' mortal mountain-fathers generally placed him in Lydia;<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and more seldom in <a href="/wiki/Phrygia" title="Phrygia">Phrygia</a><sup id="cite_ref-:3_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or <a href="/wiki/Paphlagonia" title="Paphlagonia">Paphlagonia</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-:4_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> all in <a href="/wiki/Asia_Minor" class="mw-redirect" title="Asia Minor">Asia Minor</a>. </p><p>The identity of his wife is variously given: generally as <a href="/wiki/Dione_(mythology)" title="Dione (mythology)">Dione</a> the daughter of <a href="/wiki/Atlas_(mythology)" title="Atlas (mythology)">Atlas</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Pleiades_(Greek_mythology)" title="Pleiades (Greek mythology)">Pleiad</a> <a href="/wiki/Taygete" title="Taygete">Taygete</a>, daughter of Atlas; <a href="/wiki/Eurythemista" title="Eurythemista">Eurythemista</a>, a daughter of the river-god <a href="/wiki/Scamander" title="Scamander">Xanthus</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-:0_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Euryanassa" title="Euryanassa">Euryanassa</a>, daughter of <a href="/wiki/Pactolus" title="Pactolus">Pactolus</a>, another river-god of Anatolia, like the Xanthus;<sup id="cite_ref-:0_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Clytie" title="Clytie">Clytia</a>, the child of <a href="/wiki/Amphidamas" title="Amphidamas">Amphidamantes</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-:0_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eupryto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eupryto (page does not exist)">Eupryto</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tantalus was also called the father of <a href="/wiki/Dascylus" title="Dascylus">Dascylus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tantalus, through <a href="/wiki/Pelops" title="Pelops">Pelops</a>, was the progenitor of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Atreus" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Atreus">House of Atreus</a>, which was named after his grandson <a href="/wiki/Atreus" title="Atreus">Atreus</a>. Tantalus was also the great-grandfather of <a href="/wiki/Agamemnon" title="Agamemnon">Agamemnon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Menelaus" title="Menelaus">Menelaus</a>. </p><p>The geographer <a href="/wiki/Strabo" title="Strabo">Strabo</a> states that the wealth of Tantalus was derived from the mines of Phrygia and <a href="/wiki/Mount_Sipylus" title="Mount Sipylus">Mount Sipylus</a>. Near Mount Sipylus are archaeological features that have been associated with Tantalus and his house since Antiquity. Near <a href="/wiki/Mount_Yamanlar" class="mw-redirect" title="Mount Yamanlar">Mount Yamanlar</a> in <a href="/wiki/%C4%B0zmir" title="İzmir">İzmir</a> (ancient <a href="/wiki/Smyrna" title="Smyrna">Smyrna</a>), where the Lake Karagöl (Lake Tantalus) associated with the accounts surrounding him is found, is a monument mentioned by <a href="/wiki/Pausanias_(geographer)" title="Pausanias (geographer)">Pausanias</a>: the <a href="/wiki/Tholos_(Ancient_Rome)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tholos (Ancient Rome)">tholos</a> "tomb of Tantalus" (later <a href="/wiki/Christianization" title="Christianization">Christianized</a> as "Saint Charalambos' tomb") and another one in Mount Sipylus,<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and where a "throne of Pelops", an altar or bench carved in rock and conjecturally associated with his son is found. </p><p>Based on a similarity between the names Tantalus and <a href="/wiki/Hantili" class="mw-redirect" title="Hantili">Hantili</a>, it has been suggested that the name Tantalus may have derived from that of these two <a href="/wiki/Hittites" title="Hittites">Hittite</a> kings.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> <caption class="nowrap">Comparative table of Tantalus' family </caption> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">Relation and Name </th> <th colspan="25">Sources </th></tr> <tr> <td><i><small>Pin.</small></i> </td> <td><i><small>(Sch.) Eur.</small></i> </td> <td><i><small>Aris.</small></i> </td> <td><i><small>Iso.</small></i> </td> <td><i><small>Sch. Ap. Rh.</small></i> </td> <td><i><small>Lyc.</small></i> </td> <td><i><small>Dio. Sic.</small></i> </td> <td><i><small>Hor.</small></i> </td> <td><i><small>Par.</small></i> </td> <td><i><small>Ov.</small></i> </td> <td><i><small>Str.</small></i> </td> <td><i><small>Stat.</small></i> </td> <td><i><small>Apd.</small></i> </td> <td><i><small>Tac.</small></i> </td> <td><i><small>Plut.</small></i> </td> <td><i><small>Hyg.</small></i> </td> <td><i><small>Pau.</small></i> </td> <td><i><small>Clem.</small></i> </td> <td><i><small>Anti.</small></i> </td> <td><i><small>Non.</small></i> </td> <td><i><small>Ser.</small></i> </td> <td><i><small>Gk. Ant.</small></i> </td> <td><i><small>Tzet.</small></i> </td> <td><i><small>W.S.</small></i> </td> <td><i><small>R.G.</small></i> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="26"><i>Parentage</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Tmolus and Pluto </td> <td> </td> <td>✔️ </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>✔️ </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Zeus </td> <td> </td> <td>✔️ </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>✔️ </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>✔️ </td> <td> </td> <td>✔️ </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Zeus and Pluto </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>✔️ </td> <td>✔️ </td> <td>✔️ </td> <td>✔️ </td> <td>✔️ </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="26"><i>Spouse</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Euryanassa </td> <td> </td> <td>✔️ </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>✔️ </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>✔️ </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Dione </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>✔️<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>✔️ </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>✔️ </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Eupryto </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>✔️ </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Eurythemista </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>✔️ </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="26"><i>Children</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Pelops </td> <td>✔️<sup id="cite_ref-:1_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>✔️ </td> <td>✔️ </td> <td>✔️ </td> <td> </td> <td>✔️<sup id="cite_ref-:1_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>✔️ </td> <td>✔️ </td> <td> </td> <td>✔️ </td> <td>✔️ </td> <td>✔️ </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>✔️ </td> <td>✔️ </td> <td>✔️ </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>✔️ </td> <td>✔️ </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Niobe </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>✔️<sup id="cite_ref-:2_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>✔️ </td> <td> </td> <td>✔️ </td> <td>✔️ </td> <td>✔️ </td> <td>✔️<sup id="cite_ref-:2_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>✔️ </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>✔️ </td> <td>✔️ </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>✔️ </td> <td> </td> <td>✔️ </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Dascylus </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>✔️ </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Broteas </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>✔️ </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mythology">Mythology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tantalus&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Mythology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mount_Yamanlar_Karagol_IzmirTurkey.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Mount_Yamanlar_Karagol_IzmirTurkey.jpg/200px-Mount_Yamanlar_Karagol_IzmirTurkey.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Mount_Yamanlar_Karagol_IzmirTurkey.jpg/300px-Mount_Yamanlar_Karagol_IzmirTurkey.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Mount_Yamanlar_Karagol_IzmirTurkey.jpg/400px-Mount_Yamanlar_Karagol_IzmirTurkey.jpg 2x" data-file-width="732" data-file-height="532" /></a><figcaption><i>Karagöl</i> ("The black lake") in <a href="/wiki/Mount_Yamanlar" class="mw-redirect" title="Mount Yamanlar">Mount Yamanlar</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C4%B0zmir" title="İzmir">İzmir</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>, associated with the accounts surrounding Tantalus and named after him as Lake Tantalus</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:De_val_van_Tantalus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/De_val_van_Tantalus.jpg/245px-De_val_van_Tantalus.jpg" decoding="async" width="245" height="241" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/De_val_van_Tantalus.jpg/368px-De_val_van_Tantalus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/De_val_van_Tantalus.jpg/490px-De_val_van_Tantalus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3942" /></a><figcaption>Print of the fall of Tantalus. Preserved in the <a href="/wiki/Ghent_University_Library" title="Ghent University Library">Ghent University Library</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Tantalus became one of the inhabitants of <a href="/wiki/Tartarus" title="Tartarus">Tartarus</a>, the deepest portion of the Underworld, reserved for the punishment of <a href="/wiki/Evil" title="Evil">evildoers</a>; there <a href="/wiki/Odysseus" title="Odysseus">Odysseus</a> saw him.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The association of Tantalus with the underworld is underscored by the names of his mother Pluto ("riches", as in gold and other mineral wealth), and grandmother, Chthonia ("earth"). </p><p>Tantalus was initially known for having been welcomed to <a href="/wiki/Zeus" title="Zeus">Zeus</a>' table in <a href="/wiki/Mount_Olympus" title="Mount Olympus">Olympus</a>, like <a href="/wiki/Ixion" title="Ixion">Ixion</a>. There, he is said to have abused Zeus' <a href="/wiki/Hospitality" title="Hospitality">hospitality</a> and stolen <a href="/wiki/Ambrosia" title="Ambrosia">ambrosia and nectar</a> to bring it back to his people, and revealed the secrets of the gods.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Most famously, Tantalus offered up his son, <a href="/wiki/Pelops" title="Pelops">Pelops</a>, as a sacrifice. He cut Pelops up, boiled him, and <a href="/wiki/Human_cannibalism" title="Human cannibalism">served him up in a banquet</a> for several gods in order to test their omniscience. The gods became aware of the gruesome nature of the menu, so they did not touch the offering; only <a href="/wiki/Demeter" title="Demeter">Demeter</a>, distraught by the loss of her daughter, <a href="/wiki/Persephone" title="Persephone">Persephone</a>, absentmindedly ate part of the boy's shoulder. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Clotho" title="Clotho">Clotho</a>, one of the three <a href="/wiki/Moirai" title="Moirai">Fates</a>, was ordered by Zeus to bring the boy to life again. She collected the parts of the body and boiled them in a sacred <a href="/wiki/Cauldron" title="Cauldron">cauldron</a>, rebuilding his shoulder with one wrought of ivory made by <a href="/wiki/Hephaestus" title="Hephaestus">Hephaestus</a> and presented by Demeter. </p><p>The revived Pelops grew to be an extraordinarily handsome youth. The god <a href="/wiki/Poseidon" title="Poseidon">Poseidon</a> took him to Mount Olympus to teach him to use <a href="/wiki/Chariots" class="mw-redirect" title="Chariots">chariots</a>. Later, Zeus threw Pelops out of Olympus due to his anger at Tantalus. </p><p>Tantalus's punishment for his act was to stand in a pool of water beneath a fruit tree with low branches. Whenever he reached for the fruit, the branches raised his intended meal from his grasp. Whenever he bent down to get a drink, the water receded before he could get any. </p><p>Over his head towers a threatening stone (mentioned in Pindar's 8th Isthmian ode, lines 10–12) like the one that <a href="/wiki/Sisyphus" title="Sisyphus">Sisyphus</a> is punished to roll up a hill.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This fate has cursed him with eternal deprivation of nourishment. </p><p>In a different story, Tantalus was blamed for indirectly having stolen the gold dog which <a href="/wiki/Rhea_(mythology)" title="Rhea (mythology)">Rhea</a> had once put to watch over infant Zeus (in another version, it was a mechanical dog crafted by <a href="/wiki/Hephaestus" title="Hephaestus">Hephaestus</a> to guard a temple of Zeus<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). Tantalus's friend <a href="/wiki/Pandareus" title="Pandareus">Pandareus</a> stole the dog and gave it to Tantalus for safekeeping. When asked later by Pandareus to return the dog, Tantalus denied that he had it, saying he "had neither seen nor heard of a golden dog." According to <a href="/wiki/Robert_Graves" title="Robert Graves">Robert Graves</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Greek_Myths" title="The Greek Myths">The Greek Myths</a></i>, this incident is why an enormous stone hangs over Tantalus's head.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Others state that it was Tantalus who stole the dog, and gave it to Pandareus for safekeeping. </p><p>Tantalus was also the founder of the cursed <a href="/wiki/House_of_Atreus" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Atreus">House of Atreus</a> in which variations on these atrocities continued. Misfortunes also occurred as a result of these acts, making the house the subject of many Greek <a href="/wiki/Tragedy" title="Tragedy">tragedies</a>. Tantalus's grave-sanctuary stood on <a href="/wiki/Mount_Sipylus" title="Mount Sipylus">Sipylus</a><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but honours were paid him at <a href="/wiki/Argos,_Peloponnese" title="Argos, Peloponnese">Argos</a>, where local tradition claimed to possess his bones.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Lesbos" title="Lesbos">Lesbos</a>, there was another hero-shrine in the small settlement of Polion and a mountain named after Tantalos.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tantalus_in_art">Tantalus in art</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tantalus&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Tantalus in art"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 127.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 125.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tantalus_by_HGoltzius_CCornelius_1588.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Engraving by Hendrik Goltzius and C. Cornelius (1588)"><img alt="Engraving by Hendrik Goltzius and C. Cornelius (1588)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Tantalus_by_HGoltzius_CCornelius_1588.jpg/188px-Tantalus_by_HGoltzius_CCornelius_1588.jpg" decoding="async" width="126" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Tantalus_by_HGoltzius_CCornelius_1588.jpg/282px-Tantalus_by_HGoltzius_CCornelius_1588.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Tantalus_by_HGoltzius_CCornelius_1588.jpg/376px-Tantalus_by_HGoltzius_CCornelius_1588.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="460" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Engraving" title="Engraving">Engraving</a> by <a href="/wiki/Hendrik_Goltzius" class="mw-redirect" title="Hendrik Goltzius">Hendrik Goltzius</a> and C. Cornelius (1588)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 102px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 100px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tantalus_Gioacchino_Assereto_circa1640s.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Oil painting by Gioacchino Assereto (circa 1640s)"><img alt="Oil painting by Gioacchino Assereto (circa 1640s)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Tantalus_Gioacchino_Assereto_circa1640s.jpg/150px-Tantalus_Gioacchino_Assereto_circa1640s.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Tantalus_Gioacchino_Assereto_circa1640s.jpg/226px-Tantalus_Gioacchino_Assereto_circa1640s.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Tantalus_Gioacchino_Assereto_circa1640s.jpg/301px-Tantalus_Gioacchino_Assereto_circa1640s.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1287" data-file-height="1540" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Oil_painting" title="Oil painting">Oil painting</a> by <a href="/wiki/Gioacchino_Assereto" title="Gioacchino Assereto">Gioacchino Assereto</a> (circa 1640s)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 91.333333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 89.333333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Francisco_de_Goya_Tantalo.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Etching by Francisco Goya (1797)"><img alt="Etching by Francisco Goya (1797)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Francisco_de_Goya_Tantalo.jpg/134px-Francisco_de_Goya_Tantalo.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Francisco_de_Goya_Tantalo.jpg/202px-Francisco_de_Goya_Tantalo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Francisco_de_Goya_Tantalo.jpg/269px-Francisco_de_Goya_Tantalo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1336" data-file-height="1789" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Etching" title="Etching">Etching</a> by <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Goya" title="Francisco Goya">Francisco Goya</a> (1797) </div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tantalus&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Child_cannibalism" title="Child cannibalism">Child cannibalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lycaon_(king_of_Arcadia)" title="Lycaon (king of Arcadia)">Lycaon (king of Arcadia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prometheus" title="Prometheus">Prometheus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sisyphus" title="Sisyphus">Sisyphus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xenia_(Greek)" title="Xenia (Greek)">Xenia</a>, the Greek concept of hospitality, which Tantalus is described as breaking</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tantalus&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Euripides" title="Euripides">Euripides</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Orestes_(play)" title="Orestes (play)">Orestes</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Tantalus">"Tantalus"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia Britannica</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Tantalus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2FTantalus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATantalus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Suda" title="Suda">Suida</a>, s.v. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://topostext.org/work/240#tau.78">tau.78</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dictionary.com/browse/tantalize">"Tantalize - Define Tantalize at Dictionary.com"</a>. <i>dictionary.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=dictionary.com&rft.atitle=Tantalize+-+Define+Tantalize+at+Dictionary.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dictionary.com%2Fbrowse%2Ftantalize&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATantalus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Robert_S._P._Beekes" title="Robert S. P. Beekes">R. S. P. Beekes</a>, <i>Etymological Dictionary of Greek</i>, Brill, 2009, p. 1449.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGeorge_Perrot2007" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">George Perrot (2007). <i>History of Art in Phrygia, Lydia, Caria And Lycia</i> (in French and English). Marton Press. p. 62. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4067-0883-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4067-0883-7"><bdi>978-1-4067-0883-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+Art+in+Phrygia%2C+Lydia%2C+Caria+And+Lycia&rft.pages=62&rft.pub=Marton+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-4067-0883-7&rft.au=George+Perrot&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATantalus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">This refers to <a href="/wiki/Mount_Sipylus" title="Mount Sipylus">Mount Sipylus</a>, at the foot of which his city was located and whose ruins were reported to be still visible in the beginning of the <a href="/wiki/Common_Era" title="Common Era">Common Era</a>, although few traces remain today. See <a href="/wiki/Sir_James_Frazer" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir James Frazer">Sir James Frazer</a>, <i>Pausanias, and other Greek sketches</i> (later retitled <i>Pausanias's Description of Greece</i>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomas_Bulfinch2004" class="citation book cs1">Thomas Bulfinch (June 2004). <i>Bulfinch's Mythology</i>. Kessinger Publishing Company. pp. 1855–2004. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-4191-1109-4" title="Special:BookSources/1-4191-1109-4"><bdi>1-4191-1109-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bulfinch%27s+Mythology&rft.pages=1855-2004&rft.pub=Kessinger+Publishing+Company&rft.date=2004-06&rft.isbn=1-4191-1109-4&rft.au=Thomas+Bulfinch&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATantalus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Strabo, 12.8.21</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:4_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Diodorus_Siculus" title="Diodorus Siculus">Diodorus Siculus</a>, 4.74</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGantz1993" class="citation book cs1">Gantz, Timothy (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/26304278"><i>Early Greek myth : a guide to literary and artistic sources</i></a>. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 536. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8018-4410-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-8018-4410-X"><bdi>0-8018-4410-X</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/26304278">26304278</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Early+Greek+myth+%3A+a+guide+to+literary+and+artistic+sources&rft.place=Baltimore&rft.pages=536&rft.pub=Johns+Hopkins+University+Press&rft.date=1993&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F26304278&rft.isbn=0-8018-4410-X&rft.aulast=Gantz&rft.aufirst=Timothy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F26304278&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATantalus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Pindar" title="Pindar">Pindar</a>, <i>Olympian Odes</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0162">1.24–38</a>, 9.9; <a href="/wiki/Strabo" title="Strabo">Strabo</a>, 1.3.17; <a href="/wiki/Pausanias_(geographer)" title="Pausanias (geographer)">Pausanias</a>, 5.1.6 & 9.5.7</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Ovid" title="Ovid">Ovid</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Metamorphoses" title="Metamorphoses">Metamorphoses</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Ov.%20Met.%206.174&lang=original">6.174</a><i>;</i> <a href="/wiki/Hyginus" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyginus">Hyginus</a>, <i>Fabulae</i> 82 & 83</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Graves" title="Robert Graves">Robert Graves</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Greek_Myths" title="The Greek Myths">The Greek Myths</a>, section 108 (1960)</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Scholia ad <a href="/wiki/Euripides" title="Euripides">Euripides</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Orestes_(play)" title="Orestes (play)">Orestes</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Eur.%20Orest.%205&lang=original">5</a>; <a href="/wiki/Tzetzes" class="mw-redirect" title="Tzetzes">Tzetzes</a> on <a href="/wiki/Lycophron" title="Lycophron">Lycophron</a>, 52</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Scholia ad <a href="/wiki/Euripides" title="Euripides">Euripides</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Orestes_(play)" title="Orestes (play)">Orestes</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Eur.%20Orest.%2011&lang=original">11</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Apostol. <i>Cent.</i> 18.7</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Scholia on <a href="/wiki/Apollonius_Rhodius" class="mw-redirect" title="Apollonius Rhodius">Apollonius Rhodius</a>, <i>Argonautica</i> 2.752</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Various sites called the "tomb of Tantalus" have been shown to travellers since the time of Pausanias.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFM._L._West1999" class="citation book cs1">M. L. West (1999). <i>The East Face of Helicon: West Asiatic Elements in Greek Poetry and Myth</i>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. p. 475. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-815221-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-815221-7"><bdi>978-0-19-815221-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+East+Face+of+Helicon%3A+West+Asiatic+Elements+in+Greek+Poetry+and+Myth&rft.pages=475&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-19-815221-7&rft.au=M.+L.+West&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATantalus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">This certainly pertains to her as the daughter of Atlas and thus, the sister of the Pleiades. Compare Hyginus, <i>Fabulae</i> 82 & 83; Ovid. <i>Metamorphoses</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Ov.%20Met.%206.174&lang=original">6.174</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Not named but certainly points out to him</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Not named but certainly describes her</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lib.ugent.be/viewer/archive.ugent.be:D1FE9D80-78F2-11EA-9B8B-089BA936FAF6#?c=&m=&s=&cv=&xywh=-2314,-244,9072,4868">"De val van Tantalus"</a>. <i>lib.ugent.be</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=lib.ugent.be&rft.atitle=De+val+van+Tantalus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flib.ugent.be%2Fviewer%2Farchive.ugent.be%3AD1FE9D80-78F2-11EA-9B8B-089BA936FAF6%23%3Fc%3D%26m%3D%26s%3D%26cv%3D%26xywh%3D-2314%2C-244%2C9072%2C4868&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATantalus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Homer" title="Homer">Homer</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Odyssey" title="Odyssey">Odyssey</a></i> 11.582–92; Tantalus' transgressions are not mentioned; they must already have been well known to Homer's late-8th-century hearers.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Euripides, <i>Orestes</i> 10; Pindar, <i>Olympian Odes</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0162">1.60 ff.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">This detail was added to the myth by the painter <a href="/wiki/Polygnotus" title="Polygnotus">Polygnotus</a>, according to Pausanias (10.31.12), noted in Kerenyi 1959:61.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Eustathius_of_Thessalonica" title="Eustathius of Thessalonica">Eustathius of Thessalonica</a>, <i>On <a href="/wiki/Homer" title="Homer">Homer</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Odyssey" title="Odyssey">Odyssey</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZP4NAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA216">19.710</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGraves2012" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Graves" title="Robert Graves">Graves, Robert</a> (2012). <i>The Greek Myths</i>. London: <a href="/wiki/Penguin_Books" title="Penguin Books">Penguin</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780143106715" title="Special:BookSources/9780143106715"><bdi>9780143106715</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Greek+Myths&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Penguin&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9780143106715&rft.aulast=Graves&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATantalus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pausanias, 2.22.3</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pausanias, 2.22.2</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Stephen_of_Byzantium" class="mw-redirect" title="Stephen of Byzantium">Stephen of Byzantium</a>, noted by Kerenyi 1959:57, note 218.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tantalus&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bibliotheca_(Pseudo-Apollodorus)" title="Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)">Apollodorus</a>, <i>The Library</i> with an English Translation by Sir James George Frazer, F.B.A., F.R.S. in 2 Volumes, Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1921. ISBN 0-674-99135-4. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0022">Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0021">Greek text available from the same website</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Tantalus"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Tantalus">"Tantalus" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 26 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 401.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Tantalus&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=401&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATantalus" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diodorus_Siculus" title="Diodorus Siculus">Diodorus Siculus</a>, <i>The Library of History</i> translated by <a href="/wiki/Charles_Henry_Oldfather" title="Charles Henry Oldfather">Charles Henry Oldfather</a>. Twelve volumes. <a href="/wiki/Loeb_Classical_Library" title="Loeb Classical Library">Loeb Classical Library</a>. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press; London: William Heinemann, Ltd. 1989. Vol. 3. Books 4.59–8. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Diodorus_Siculus/home.html">Online version at Bill Thayer's Web Site</a></li> <li>Diodorus Siculus, <i>Bibliotheca Historica. Vol 1–2</i>. Immanel Bekker. Ludwig Dindorf. Friedrich Vogel. in aedibus B. G. Teubneri. Leipzig. 1888–1890. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:2008.01.0540">Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euripides" title="Euripides">Euripides</a>, <i>The Complete Greek Drama</i>, edited by Whitney J. Oates and Eugene O'Neill Jr. in two volumes. 2. Orestes, translated by Robert Potter. New York. Random House. 1938. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0116">Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.</a></li> <li>Euripides, <i>Euripidis Fabulae.</i> <i>vol. 3</i>. Gilbert Murray. Oxford. Clarendon Press, Oxford. 1913. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0115">Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaius_Julius_Hyginus" title="Gaius Julius Hyginus">Gaius Julius Hyginus</a>, <i>Fabulae from The Myths of Hyginus</i> translated and edited by Mary Grant. University of Kansas Publications in Humanistic Studies. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://topostext.org/work/206">Online version at the Topos Text Project.</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGantz1993" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Gantz" title="Timothy Gantz">Gantz, Timothy</a> (1993). <i>Early Greek Myth</i>. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Early+Greek+Myth&rft.place=Baltimore&rft.pub=Johns+Hopkins+University+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.aulast=Gantz&rft.aufirst=Timothy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATantalus" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGraves2012" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Graves" title="Robert Graves">Graves, Robert</a> (2012). <i>The Greek Myths</i>. London: Penguin. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780143106715" title="Special:BookSources/9780143106715"><bdi>9780143106715</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Greek+Myths&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Penguin&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9780143106715&rft.aulast=Graves&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATantalus" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Grimal, Pierre, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=iOx6de8LUNAC"><i>The Dictionary of Classical Mythology</i></a>, Wiley-Blackwell, 1996, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-631-20102-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-631-20102-1">978-0-631-20102-1</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=iOx6de8LUNAC&q=Tantalus">"Tantalus" p. 431</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homer" title="Homer">Homer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Odyssey" title="Odyssey"><i>The Odyssey</i></a> with an English Translation by A.T. Murray, Ph.D. in two volumes. Cambridge, MA., Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann, Ltd. 1919. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0674995611" title="Special:BookSources/978-0674995611">978-0674995611</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0136">Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0135">Greek text available from the same website</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaius_Julius_Hyginus" title="Gaius Julius Hyginus">Hyginus</a>, <i>Fabulae from The Myths of Hyginus</i> translated and edited by Mary Grant. University of Kansas Publications in Humanistic Studies. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://topostext.org/work/206">Online version at the Topos Text Project.</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKerenyi1959" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/K%C3%A1roly_Ker%C3%A9nyi" title="Károly Kerényi">Kerenyi, Karl</a> (1959). <i>The Heroes of the Greeks</i>. New York/London: Thames and Hudson.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Heroes+of+the+Greeks&rft.place=New+York%2FLondon&rft.pub=Thames+and+Hudson&rft.date=1959&rft.aulast=Kerenyi&rft.aufirst=Karl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATantalus" class="Z3988"></span>pp 57–61 <i>et passim</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pausanias_(geographer)" title="Pausanias (geographer)">Pausanias</a>, <i>Description of Greece</i> with an English Translation by W.H.S. Jones, Litt.D., and H.A. Ormerod, M.A., in 4 Volumes. Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1918. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-674-99328-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-674-99328-4">0-674-99328-4</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0160">Online version at the Perseus Digital Library</a></li> <li>Pausanias, <i>Graeciae Descriptio.</i> <i>3 vols</i>. Leipzig, Teubner. 1903. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0159">Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pindar" title="Pindar">Pindar</a>, <i>Odes</i> translated by Diane Arnson Svarlien. 1990. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0162">Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.</a></li> <li>Pindar, <i>The Odes of Pindar</i> including the Principal Fragments with an Introduction and an English Translation by Sir John Sandys, Litt.D., FBA. Cambridge, MA., Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1937. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0161">Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ovid" title="Ovid">Publius Ovidius Naso</a>, <i>Metamorphoses</i> translated by Brookes More (1859–1942). Boston, Cornhill Publishing Co. 1922. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.02.0028">Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ovid" title="Ovid">Publius Ovidius Naso</a>, <i>Metamorphoses.</i> Hugo Magnus. Gotha (Germany). Friedr. Andr. Perthes. 1892. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.02.0029">Latin text available at the Perseus Digital Library</a>.</li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith1848" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/William_Smith_(lexicographer)" title="William Smith (lexicographer)">Smith, William</a>, ed. (1848). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0104%3Aalphabetic+letter%3DT%3Aentry+group%3D1%3Aentry%3Dtantalus-bio-1">"Ta'ntalus"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_Greek_and_Roman_Biography_and_Mythology" title="Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology">Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ta%27ntalus&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+Greek+and+Roman+Biography+and+Mythology&rft.date=1848&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.perseus.tufts.edu%2Fhopper%2Ftext%3Fdoc%3DPerseus%253Atext%253A1999.04.0104%253Aalphabetic%2Bletter%253DT%253Aentry%2Bgroup%253D1%253Aentry%253Dtantalus-bio-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATantalus" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strabo" title="Strabo">Strabo</a>, <i>The Geography of Strabo.</i> Edition by H.L. Jones. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press; London: William Heinemann, Ltd. 1924. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0198%3Abook%3D6%3Achapter%3D1%3Asection%3D1">Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.</a></li> <li>Strabo, <i>Geographica</i> edited by A. Meineke. Leipzig: Teubner. 1877. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0197">Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suda" title="Suda">Suida</a>, <i>Suda Encyclopedia</i> translated by Ross Scaife, David Whitehead, William Hutton, Catharine Roth, Jennifer Benedict, Gregory Hays, Malcolm Heath Sean M. Redmond, Nicholas Fincher, Patrick Rourke, Elizabeth Vandiver, Raphael Finkel, Frederick Williams, Carl Widstrand, Robert Dyer, Joseph L. Rife, Oliver Phillips and many others. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://topostext.org/work/240">Online version at the Topos Text Project.</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tantalus&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://iconographic.warburg.sas.ac.uk/category/vpc-taxonomy-000306">The Warburg Institute Iconographic Database (images of Tantalus)</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" 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