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calcium carbonate structures are predicted to be most vulnerable to a decline in oceanic pH (ocean acidification) based on the understanding that calcification rates will decrease as a result of changes in the seawater carbonate chemistry thereby reducing carbonate ion concentration (and associated saturation states). Coastal seas are critical components of the global carbon cycle yet little research has been conducted on acidification impacts on coastal benthic organisms. Here, a critical appraisal of calcification in six benthic species showed, contrary to popular predictions, calcification can increase, and not decrease, in acidified seawater. Measuring the changes in calcium in isolated calcium carbonate structure as well as structures from live animals exposed to acidified seawater allowed a comparison between a species' ability to calcify and the dissolution affects across decreasing levels of pH. Calcium carbonate production is dependant on the ability to increase calcification thus counteracting an increase in dissolution. Comparison with paleoecological studies of past high carbon dioxide (CO 2) events presents a similar picture. This conclusion implies that calcification may not be the critical process impacted by ocean acidification; particularly as all species investigated displayed physiological trade offs including reduced metabolism, health, and behavioural responses, in association with this calcification upregulation, which possess as great a threat to survival as an inability to calcify.","publication_name":"Biogeosciences Discussions","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":"75203021"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Calcification, a physiological process to be considered in the context of the whole organism","broadcastable":false,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [90363891]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "full_page_mobile_sutd_modal"; 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As atmospheric CO2 rises, CO2 is driven into the ocean. When CO2 combines with seawater it makes carbonic acid. Carbonic acid then breaks down to form a hydrogen ion and a bicarbonate ion. Excess hydrogen ions building up over time result in decreased seawater pH. Furthermore, the excess hydrogen ions combine with carbonate ions in the water, resulting in fewer available carbonate ions for marine calcifiers. These carbonate ions are an essential element for marine calcifiers and their decreased availability is of increasing concern. The overall change in pH and available carbonate ions has been shown to have direct impacts on physiology, behavior, and calcification rates of marine organisms. Coastal Florida boasts an abundance and diversity of calcifying organisms that stand to be impacted by the altered carbonate chemistry resulting from increased atm...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Ocean Acidification: Calcifying Marine Organisms","attachmentId":67931834,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/49625234/Ocean_Acidification_Calcifying_Marine_Organisms","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/49625234/Ocean_Acidification_Calcifying_Marine_Organisms"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span 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class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="30864587" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/30864587/Net_Loss_of_CaCO3_from_a_subtropical_calcifying_community_due_to_seawater_acidification_mesocosm_scale_experimental_evidence">Net Loss of CaCO3 from a subtropical calcifying community due to seawater acidification: mesocosm-scale experimental evidence</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="32900788" href="https://independent.academia.edu/IlsaKuffner">Ilsa Kuffner</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Net Loss of CaCO3 from a subtropical calcifying community due to seawater acidification: mesocosm-scale experimental evidence","attachmentId":51289882,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/30864587/Net_Loss_of_CaCO3_from_a_subtropical_calcifying_community_due_to_seawater_acidification_mesocosm_scale_experimental_evidence","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/30864587/Net_Loss_of_CaCO3_from_a_subtropical_calcifying_community_due_to_seawater_acidification_mesocosm_scale_experimental_evidence"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="68755332" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/68755332/A_Review_and_Meta_Analysis_of_Potential_Impacts_of_Ocean_Acidification_on_Marine_Calcifiers_From_the_Southern_Ocean">A Review and Meta-Analysis of Potential Impacts of Ocean Acidification on Marine Calcifiers From the Southern Ocean</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="1283082" href="https://csic.academia.edu/BlancaFiguerola">Blanca Figuerola</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Frontiers in Marine Science</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Understanding the vulnerability of marine calcifiers to ocean acidification is a critical issue, especially in the Southern Ocean (SO), which is likely to be the one of the first, and most severely affected regions. Since the industrial revolution, ~30% of anthropogenic CO2 has been absorbed by the global oceans. Average surface seawater pH levels have already decreased by 0.1 and are projected to decline by ~0.3 by the year 2100. This process, known as ocean acidification (OA), is shallowing the saturation horizon, which is the depth below which calcium carbonate (CaCO3) dissolves, likely increasing the vulnerability of many resident marine calcifiers to dissolution. The negative impact of OA may be seen first in species depositing more soluble CaCO3 mineral phases such as aragonite and high-Mg calcite (HMC). Ocean warming could further exacerbate the effects of OA in these particular species. Here we combine a review and a quantitative meta-analysis to provide an overview of the c...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"A Review and Meta-Analysis of Potential Impacts of Ocean Acidification on Marine Calcifiers From the Southern Ocean","attachmentId":89424068,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/68755332/A_Review_and_Meta_Analysis_of_Potential_Impacts_of_Ocean_Acidification_on_Marine_Calcifiers_From_the_Southern_Ocean","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/68755332/A_Review_and_Meta_Analysis_of_Potential_Impacts_of_Ocean_Acidification_on_Marine_Calcifiers_From_the_Southern_Ocean"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="29319037" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/29319037/Impacts_of_ocean_acidification_on_coral_reefs_and_other_marine_calcifiers_a_guide_for_future_research">Impacts of ocean acidification on coral reefs and other marine calcifiers: a guide for future research</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="32382491" href="https://miami.academia.edu/ChrisLangdon">Chris Langdon</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Report of a workshop held, 2005</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Impacts of ocean acidification on coral reefs and other marine calcifiers: a guide for future research","attachmentId":49759816,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/29319037/Impacts_of_ocean_acidification_on_coral_reefs_and_other_marine_calcifiers_a_guide_for_future_research","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" 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