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Available in 9 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-9" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">9 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%AC%D9%85_%D8%A3%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="معجم ألمانيا النازية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="معجم ألمانيا النازية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossari_del_Tercer_Reich" title="Glossari del Tercer Reich – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Glossari del Tercer Reich" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geirfa%27r_Drydedd_Reich" title="Geirfa'r Drydedd Reich – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Geirfa'r Drydedd Reich" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sprache_des_Nationalsozialismus" title="Sprache des Nationalsozialismus – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Sprache des Nationalsozialismus" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenguaje_del_nacionalsocialismo" title="Lenguaje del nacionalsocialismo – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Lenguaje del nacionalsocialismo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossaire_de_la_langue_du_Troisi%C3%A8me_Reich" title="Glossaire de la langue du Troisième Reich – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Glossaire de la langue du Troisième Reich" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossario_della_Germania_nazista" title="Glossario della Germania nazista – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Glossario della Germania nazista" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8A%E3%83%81%E3%82%B9%E3%81%AE%E8%A8%80%E8%AA%9E" title="ナチスの言語 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ナチスの言語" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Язык нацизма – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Язык нацизма" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" 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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p><p>This is a list of words, terms, concepts and <a href="/wiki/Slogan" title="Slogan">slogans</a> of <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a> used in the historiography covering the Nazi regime. Some words were coined by <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Party" title="Nazi Party">Nazi Party</a> members. Other words and concepts were borrowed and appropriated, and other terms were already in use during the <a href="/wiki/Weimar_Republic" title="Weimar Republic">Weimar Republic</a>. Finally, some are taken from <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>'s cultural tradition. </p> <div class="noprint"><div role="navigation" id="toc" class="toc plainlinks" aria-labelledby="tocheading" style="text-align:left;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"> <div id="toctitle" class="toctitle" style="text-align:center;display:inline-block;"><span id="tocheading" style="font-weight:bold;">Contents: </span></div> <div style="margin:auto; display:inline-block;"> <ul><li><a href="#top">Top</a></li> <li><a href="#0–9">0–9</a></li> <li><a href="#A">A</a></li> <li><a href="#B">B</a></li> <li><a href="#C">C</a></li> <li><a href="#D">D</a></li> <li><a href="#E">E</a></li> <li><a href="#F">F</a></li> <li><a href="#G">G</a></li> <li><a href="#H">H</a></li> <li><a href="#I">I</a></li> <li><a href="#J">J</a></li> <li><a href="#K">K</a></li> <li><a href="#L">L</a></li> <li><a href="#M">M</a></li> <li><a href="#N">N</a></li> <li><a href="#O">O</a></li> <li><a href="#P">P</a></li> <li><a href="#Q">Q</a></li> <li><a href="#R">R</a></li> <li><a href="#S">S</a></li> <li><a href="#T">T</a></li> <li><a href="#U">U</a></li> <li><a href="#V">V</a></li> <li><a href="#W">W</a></li> <li><a href="#X">X</a></li> <li><a href="#Y">Y</a></li> <li><a href="#Z">Z</a> </li></ul> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <ul><li><a href="#List_of_abbreviations_and_acronyms">List of abbreviations and acronyms </a></li> <li><a href="#See_also">See also</a></li> <li><a href="#References">References</a></li> <li><a href="#External_links">External 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/></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #dd0000; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Organizations</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Ahnenerbe" title="Ahnenerbe">Ahnenerbe</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artaman_League" title="Artaman League">Artaman League</a></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Gestapo" title="Gestapo">Geheime Staatspolizei</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Deutscher_Fichte-Bund" title="Deutscher Fichte-Bund">Deutscher Fichte-Bund</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Deutsches_Jungvolk" title="Deutsches Jungvolk">Deutsches Jungvolk</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Franz_Eher_Nachfolger" title="Franz Eher Nachfolger">Franz Eher Nachfolger</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hitler_Youth" title="Hitler Youth">Hitler Youth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_of_German_Girls" title="League of German Girls">League of German Girls</a></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Organisation_Todt" title="Organisation Todt">Organisation Todt</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_German_Doctors%27_League" title="National Socialist German Doctors' League">NSDÄB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_German_Students%27_League" title="National Socialist German Students' League">NSDStB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_League_of_the_Reich_for_Physical_Exercise" title="National Socialist League of the Reich for Physical Exercise">NSRL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Flyers_Corps" title="National Socialist Flyers Corps">NSFK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Motor_Corps" title="National Socialist Motor Corps">NSKK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Women%27s_League" title="National Socialist Women's League">NSF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propaganda_in_Nazi_Germany" title="Propaganda in Nazi Germany">Nazi media organizations</a> <ul><li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Nationalsozialistische_Monatshefte" title="Nationalsozialistische Monatshefte">Nationalsozialistische Monatshefte</a></i></span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Neues_Volk" title="Neues Volk">Neues Volk</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/NS-Frauen-Warte" title="NS-Frauen-Warte">NS-Frauen-Warte</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Das_Reich_(newspaper)" title="Das Reich (newspaper)">Das Reich</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Das_Schwarze_Korps" title="Das Schwarze Korps">Das Schwarze Korps</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Party" title="Nazi Party">Nazi Party</a></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Sicherheitsdienst" title="Sicherheitsdienst">Sicherheitsdienst</a></i></span> (SD)</li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Sturmabteilung" title="Sturmabteilung">Sturmabteilung</a></i></span> (SA)</li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Schutzstaffel" title="Schutzstaffel">Schutzstaffel</a></i></span> (SS) <ul><li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/SS-Gefolge_(Women%27s_SS_Division)" title="SS-Gefolge (Women's SS Division)">SS Gefolge</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Waffen-SS" title="Waffen-SS">Waffen-SS</a></i></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #dd0000; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">History</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_timeline_of_Nazism" title="Early timeline of Nazism">Early timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Program" title="National Socialist Program">National Socialist Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler%27s_rise_to_power" title="Adolf Hitler's rise to power">Hitler's rise to power</a></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler%27s_rise_to_power#Seizure_of_control_(1931–1933)" title="Adolf Hitler's rise to power">Machtergreifung</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Gleichschaltung" title="Gleichschaltung">Gleichschaltung</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_rearmament" title="German rearmament">German rearmament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Kirchenkampf" title="Kirchenkampf">Kirchenkampf</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler%27s_cult_of_personality" title="Adolf Hitler's cult of personality">Adolf Hitler's cult of personality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enabling_Act_of_1933" title="Enabling Act of 1933">Enabling Act of 1933</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Night_of_the_Long_Knives" title="Night of the Long Knives">Night of the Long Knives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_rallies" title="Nuremberg rallies">Nuremberg rallies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_Laws" title="Nuremberg Laws">Nuremberg Laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Comintern_Pact" title="Anti-Comintern Pact">Anti-Comintern Pact</a></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Kristallnacht" title="Kristallnacht">Kristallnacht</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Anschluss" title="Anschluss">Anschluss</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust" title="The Holocaust">The Holocaust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1938%E2%80%931939_German_expedition_to_Tibet" title="1938–1939 German expedition to Tibet">1938–1939 German expedition to Tibet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripartite_Pact" title="Tripartite Pact">Tripartite Pact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denazification" title="Denazification">Denazification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_trials" title="Nuremberg trials">Nuremberg trials</a></li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Final_solution" class="mw-redirect" title="Final solution">Final solution</a></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_concentration_camps" title="Nazi concentration camps">Concentration camps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deportation" title="Deportation">Deportations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctors%27_Trial" title="Doctors' Trial">Doctors' Trial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extermination_camp" title="Extermination camp">Extermination camps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genocide" title="Genocide">Genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_ghettos" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazi ghettos">Ghettos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_human_experimentation" title="Nazi human experimentation">Human experimentation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forced_labour_under_German_rule_during_World_War_II" title="Forced labour under German rule during World War II">Labour camps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pogrom" title="Pogrom">Pogroms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_segregation#Germany" title="Racial segregation">Racial segregation</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #dd0000; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Ideology</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aestheticization_of_politics" title="Aestheticization of politics">Aestheticization of politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascism_and_ideology#Socialism_and_communism" title="Fascism and ideology">Anti-communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-intellectualism#Fascism" title="Anti-intellectualism">Anti-intellectualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascism_and_ideology#Liberalism" title="Fascism and ideology">Anti-liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacifism#Criticism" title="Pacifism">Anti-pacifism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blood_and_soil" title="Blood and soil">Blood and soil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chauvinism" title="Chauvinism">Chauvinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Class_collaboration" title="Class collaboration">Class collaboration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conspiracy_theory" title="Conspiracy theory">Conspiracism</a> <ul><li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Dolchsto%C3%9Flegende" class="mw-redirect" title="Dolchstoßlegende">Dolchstoßlegende</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Jewish_conspiracy" title="International Jewish conspiracy">International Jewry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Bolshevism" title="Jewish Bolshevism">Judeo-Bolshevism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporatism" title="Corporatism">Corporatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cult_of_personality" title="Cult of personality">Cult of personality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dictatorship" title="Dictatorship">Dictatorship</a> <ul><li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/F%C3%BChrerprinzip" title="Führerprinzip">Führerprinzip</a></i></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direct_action" title="Direct action">Direct action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_interventionism" class="mw-redirect" title="Economic interventionism">Economic interventionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_eugenics" title="Nazi eugenics">Eugenics</a></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Geopolitik" title="Geopolitik">Geopolitik</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Heimat" title="Heimat">Heimat</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_imperialism" class="mw-redirect" title="German imperialism">Imperialism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Germanic_Reich" title="Greater Germanic Reich">Greater Germanic Reich</a></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Heim_ins_Reich" title="Heim ins Reich">Heim ins Reich</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Lebensraum" title="Lebensraum">Lebensraum</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Germanism" title="Pan-Germanism">Pan-Germanism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_militarism" title="German militarism">Militarism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_nationalism" title="German nationalism">Nationalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_nationalism" title="Ethnic nationalism">Ethno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_nationalism" title="Racial nationalism">Racial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palingenetic_ultranationalism" title="Palingenetic ultranationalism">Palingenetic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_nationalism" title="Revolutionary nationalism">Revolutionary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultranationalism" title="Ultranationalism">Ultra</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Man_(utopian_concept)#Fascist" title="New Man (utopian concept)">New Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Order_(Nazism)" title="New Order (Nazism)">New Order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One-party_state" title="One-party state">One-party state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Populism" title="Populism">Populism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propaganda_in_Nazi_Germany" title="Propaganda in Nazi Germany">Propaganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prussianism" title="Prussianism">Prussianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_policy_of_Nazi_Germany" title="Racial policy of Nazi Germany">Racism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism" title="Antisemitism">Antisemitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Slavic_sentiment" title="Anti-Slavic sentiment">Anti-Slavic sentiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aryan_race#Nazism_and_Neo-Nazism" title="Aryan race">Aryan race</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aryanism" title="Aryanism">Aryanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Master_race" title="Master race">Master race</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordicism" title="Nordicism">Nordicism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_Indo-Germanic_People#The_Third_Reich,_successor_of_the_Indogermans" title="Nordic Indo-Germanic People">Nordic Indo-Germanic people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renordification" title="Renordification">Renordification</a></li></ul></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Rassenschande" title="Rassenschande">Rassenschande</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Untermenschen" class="mw-redirect" title="Untermenschen">Untermenschen</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%B6lkisch_equality" title="Völkisch equality">Völkisch equality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%B6lkisch_movement" title="Völkisch movement">Völkisch movement</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reactionary_modernism" title="Reactionary modernism">Reactionary modernism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Romanticism" title="German Romanticism">Romanticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Darwinism#Nazism,_eugenics,_fascism,_imperialism" title="Social Darwinism">Social Darwinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_interventionism" title="Social interventionism">Social interventionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_order" title="Social order">Social order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_capitalism" title="State capitalism">State capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syncretic_politics" title="Syncretic politics">Syncretism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Totalitarianism" title="Totalitarianism">Totalitarianism</a></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Volksgemeinschaft" title="Volksgemeinschaft">Volksgemeinschaft</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Volk_ohne_Raum" title="Volk ohne Raum">Volk ohne Raum</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Volksk%C3%B6rper" title="Volkskörper">Volkskörper</a></i></span></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #dd0000; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Politicians</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%A4the_Bierbaumer" title="Käthe Bierbaumer">Bierbaumer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Julius_Bloem" title="Walter Julius Bloem">Bloem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Bormann" title="Martin Bormann">Bormann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurt_Daluege" title="Kurt Daluege">Daluege</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_D%C3%B6nitz" title="Karl Dönitz">Dönitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anton_Drexler" title="Anton Drexler">Drexler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Eichmann" title="Adolf Eichmann">Eichmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_Esser" title="Hermann Esser">Esser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugen_Fischer" title="Eugen Fischer">Fischer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Frank" title="Hans Frank">Frank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Frick" title="Wilhelm Frick">Frick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Hess" title="Rudolf Hess">Hess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reinhard_Heydrich" title="Reinhard Heydrich">Heydrich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Himmler" title="Heinrich Himmler">Himmler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Hitler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Goebbels" title="Joseph Goebbels">Goebbels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_G%C3%B6ring" title="Hermann Göring">Göring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Keller" title="Carlos Keller">Keller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Lammers" title="Hans Lammers">Lammers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viktor_Lutze" title="Viktor Lutze">Lutze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unity_Mitford" title="Unity Mitford">Mitford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantin_von_Neurath" title="Konstantin von Neurath">von Neurath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vidkun_Quisling#Head_of_the_government" title="Vidkun Quisling">Quisling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joachim_von_Ribbentrop" title="Joachim von Ribbentrop">von Ribbentrop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_R%C3%B6hm" title="Ernst Röhm">Röhm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hjalmar_Schacht#Involvement_with_the_NSDAP_(Nazi_Party)_and_government" title="Hjalmar Schacht">Schacht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baldur_von_Schirach" title="Baldur von Schirach">von Schirach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gertrud_Scholtz-Klink" title="Gertrud Scholtz-Klink">Scholtz-Klink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Seldte" title="Franz Seldte">Seldte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Seyss-Inquart" title="Arthur Seyss-Inquart">Seyss-Inquart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Speer" title="Albert Speer">Speer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregor_Strasser" title="Gregor Strasser">Strasser (Gregor)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Strasser" title="Otto Strasser">Strasser (Otto)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Streicher" title="Julius Streicher">Streicher</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #dd0000; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Ideologues</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <p><b>Pre-<i>Machtergreifung</i></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Moritz_Arndt" title="Ernst Moritz Arndt">Arndt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile-Louis_Burnouf" title="Émile-Louis Burnouf">Burnouf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houston_Stewart_Chamberlain" title="Houston Stewart Chamberlain">Chamberlain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Drumont" title="Édouard Drumont">Drumont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dietrich_Eckart" title="Dietrich Eckart">Eckart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodor_Fritsch" title="Theodor Fritsch">Fritsch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_de_Gobineau" title="Arthur de Gobineau">de Gobineau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madison_Grant" title="Madison Grant">Grant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B6rg_Lanz_von_Liebenfels" title="Jörg Lanz von Liebenfels">von Liebenfels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guido_von_List" title="Guido von List">von List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_L%C3%B6ns#Reception_in_National_Socialist_Germany" title="Hermann Löns">Löns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Lueger" title="Karl Lueger">Lueger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Marr" title="Wilhelm Marr">Marr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Influence_and_reception_of_Friedrich_Nietzsche#Nietzsche_and_fascism" title="Influence and reception of Friedrich Nietzsche">Nietzsche</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(contentious)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Ratzel#Writings" title="Friedrich Ratzel">Ratzel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Heinrich_Riehl" title="Wilhelm Heinrich Riehl">Riehl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Ruskin#Politics_and_critique_of_political_economy" title="John Ruskin">Ruskin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Wagner#Views" title="Richard Wagner">Wagner</a></li></ul> <p><b>Post-<i>Machtergreifung</i></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Anacker" title="Heinrich Anacker">Anacker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Baeumler" title="Alfred Baeumler">Baeumler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Bergmann_(philosopher)" title="Ernst Bergmann (philosopher)">Bergmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred-Ingemar_Berndt" title="Alfred-Ingemar Berndt">Berndt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Walther_Darr%C3%A9" title="Richard Walther Darré">Darré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurt_Eggers" title="Kurt Eggers">Eggers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walther_Eichrodt" title="Walther Eichrodt">Eichrodt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gottfried_Feder" title="Gottfried Feder">Feder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Ford#Antisemitism_and_The_Dearborn_Independent" title="Henry Ford">Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Grimm" title="Hans Grimm">Grimm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_F._K._G%C3%BCnther" title="Hans F. K. Günther">Günther</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jakob_Wilhelm_Hauer" title="Jakob Wilhelm Hauer">Hauer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Haushofer" title="Karl Haushofer">Haushofer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Heidegger_and_Nazism" title="Martin Heidegger and Nazism">Heidegger</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(contentious)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willibald_Hentschel" title="Willibald Hentschel">Hentschel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Hoche" title="Alfred Hoche">Hoche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amin_al-Husseini#Ties_with_the_Axis_Powers_during_World_War_II" title="Amin al-Husseini">al-Husseini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Jung" title="Rudolf Jung">Jung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Krannhals" title="Paul Krannhals">Krannhals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Krieck" title="Ernst Krieck">Kriek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Lindbergh#Antisemitism_and_views_on_race" title="Charles Lindbergh">Lindbergh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_M%C3%BCller" title="Ludwig Müller">Müller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Plenge" title="Johann Plenge">Plenge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Rahn" title="Otto Rahn">Rahn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Rosenberg" title="Alfred Rosenberg">Rosenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoun_Saadeh" title="Antoun Saadeh">Saadeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Sch%C3%A4fer" title="Ernst Schäfer">Schäfer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herman_Schmalenbach" title="Herman Schmalenbach">Schmalenbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Schmitt" title="Carl Schmitt">Schmitt</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(contentious)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_von_Sebottendorf" title="Rudolf von Sebottendorf">von Sebottendorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_Schwarz_(philosopher)" title="Hermann Schwarz (philosopher)">Schwarz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Stapel" title="Wilhelm Stapel">Stapel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giselher_Wirsing" title="Giselher Wirsing">Wirsing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Zimmermann" title="Ferdinand Zimmermann">Zimmermann</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #dd0000; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Literature</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Foundations_of_the_Nineteenth_Century" title="The Foundations of the Nineteenth Century">The Foundations of the Nineteenth Century</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1899)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Protocols_of_the_Elders_of_Zion" title="The Protocols of the Elders of Zion">The Protocols of the Elders of Zion</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1903)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Passing_of_the_Great_Race" title="The Passing of the Great Race">The Passing of the Great Race</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1916)</span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Preussentum_und_Sozialismus" class="mw-redirect" title="Preussentum und Sozialismus">Preussentum und Sozialismus</a></i></span> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1919)</span></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/25-point_Program" class="mw-redirect" title="25-point Program">25-point Program</a>" <span style="font-size:85%;">(1920)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_International_Jew" title="The International Jew">The International Jew</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1920s)</span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Rassenkunde_des_deutschen_Volkes" title="Rassenkunde des deutschen Volkes">Rassenkunde des deutschen Volkes</a></i></span> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1922)</span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Das_Dritte_Reich" title="Das Dritte Reich">Das Dritte Reich</a></i></span> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1923)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/White_America_(book)" class="mw-redirect" title="White America (book)">White America</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1923)</span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Mein_Kampf" title="Mein Kampf">Mein Kampf</a></i></span> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1925)</span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Hitlers_Zweites_Buch" title="Hitlers Zweites Buch">Hitlers Zweites Buch</a></i></span> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1928)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Michael_(novel)" title="Michael (novel)">Michael</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1929)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Myth_of_the_Twentieth_Century" title="The Myth of the Twentieth Century">The Myth of the Twentieth Century</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1930)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gel%C3%B6bnis_treuester_Gefolgschaft" title="Gelöbnis treuester Gefolgschaft">Gelöbnis treuester Gefolgschaft</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1933)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ich_K%C3%A4mpfe" title="Ich Kämpfe">I Fight</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1942)</span></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #dd0000; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Religion</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ariosophy" title="Ariosophy">Ariosophy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thule_Society" title="Thule Society">Thule Society</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_Nazi_Germany" title="Christmas in Nazi Germany">Christmas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esoteric_Nazism" class="mw-redirect" title="Esoteric Nazism">Esoteric Nazism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Evangelical_Church" title="German Evangelical Church">German Evangelical Church</a> <ul><li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/German_Christians_(movement)" title="German Christians (movement)">Deutsche Christen</a></i></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Faith_Movement" title="German Faith Movement">German Faith Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germanic_paganism" title="Germanic paganism">Germanic paganism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heathenry_(new_religious_movement)" title="Heathenry (new religious movement)">Heathenry</a></li></ul></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Gottgl%C3%A4ubig" title="Gottgläubig">Gottgläubig</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Kirchenkampf" title="Kirchenkampf">Kirchenkampf</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occultism_in_Nazism" title="Occultism in Nazism">Occultism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Positive_Christianity" title="Positive Christianity">Positive Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Nazi_Germany" title="Religion in Nazi Germany">Religion <i>under</i> Nazism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religious_aspects_of_Nazism" title="Religious aspects of Nazism">Religious aspects of Nazism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_views_of_Adolf_Hitler" title="Religious views of Adolf Hitler">Religious views of Adolf Hitler</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_symbolism" title="Nazi symbolism">Symbolism</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #dd0000; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Outside of Germany</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nazism_in_the_Americas" title="Nazism in the Americas">Americas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nazism_in_Brazil" title="Nazism in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazism_in_Chile" title="Nazism in Chile">Chile</a></li></ul></li> <li>Europe <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Nazism_in_Greece" title="Template:Nazism in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazism_in_Sweden" title="Nazism in Sweden">Sweden</a></li></ul></li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Category:Nazi_parties" title="Category:Nazi parties">Parties</a></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Nazi_Party" title="American Nazi Party">American Nazi Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arrow_Cross_Party" title="Arrow Cross Party">Arrow Cross Party (Hungary)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_American_Bund" title="German American Bund">German American Bund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_National_Movement_in_Liechtenstein" title="German National Movement in Liechtenstein">German National Movement in Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasjonal_Samling" title="Nasjonal Samling">Nasjonal Samling (Norway)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Movement_in_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="National Socialist Movement in the Netherlands"><span class="wrap">National Socialist Movement in the Netherlands</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Movement_of_Chile" title="National Socialist Movement of Chile">National Socialist Movement of Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Movement_(United_States)" title="National Socialist Movement (United States)">National Socialist Movement<br />(United States)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Workers%27_Party_of_Denmark" title="National Socialist Workers' Party of Denmark"><span class="wrap">National Socialist Workers' Party of Denmark</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_Resistance_Movement" title="Nordic Resistance Movement">Nordic Resistance Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ossewabrandwag" title="Ossewabrandwag">Ossewabrandwag (South Africa)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SUMKA" title="SUMKA">SUMKA (Iran)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Social_Nationalist_Party" title="Syrian Social Nationalist Party">Syrian Social Nationalist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsagaan_Khas" title="Tsagaan Khas">Tsagaan Khas (Mongolia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Union_of_National_Socialists" title="World Union of National Socialists">World Union of National Socialists</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #dd0000; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Lists</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Adolf_Hitler" title="Bibliography of Adolf Hitler">Bibliography of Adolf Hitler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nazi_ideologues" title="List of Nazi ideologues">Nazi ideologues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nazi_Party_leaders_and_officials" title="List of Nazi Party leaders and officials">NSDAP leaders and officials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nazis" title="List of Nazis">Nazi Party members</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_last_surviving_people_suspected_of_participation_in_Nazi_war_crimes" title="List of last surviving people suspected of participation in Nazi war crimes">Last surviving war crime suspects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nazi_ideologues" title="List of Nazi ideologues">Party ideologues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_speeches_given_by_Adolf_Hitler" title="List of speeches given by Adolf Hitler">Speeches given by Adolf Hitler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_SS_personnel" title="List of SS personnel">SS personnel</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #dd0000; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Related topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Bolshevist_League#Historical_interpretation" title="Anti-Bolshevist League">Anti-Bolshevist League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_in_Nazi_Germany" title="Art in Nazi Germany">Art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_architecture" title="Nazi architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazism_and_cinema" title="Nazism and cinema">Cinema</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ats%C4%B1zism" title="Atsızism">Atsızism</a></i></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Beefsteak_Nazi" title="Beefsteak Nazi">Beefsteak Nazi</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Nazi_Germany" title="Economy of Nazi Germany">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denordification" title="Denordification">Denordification</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Renordification" title="Renordification">Renordification</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Glossary</a></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Drang_nach_Osten" title="Drang nach Osten">Drang nach Osten</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Generalplan_Ost" title="Generalplan Ost">Generalplan Ost</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_American_Bund" title="German American Bund">German American Bund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horst-Wessel-Lied" title="Horst-Wessel-Lied">Horst-Wessel-Lied</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_views_of_Adolf_Hitler" title="Political views of Adolf Hitler">Political views of Adolf Hitler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_propaganda_and_the_United_Kingdom" title="Nazi propaganda and the United Kingdom">Nazi propaganda and the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_racial_theories" title="Nazi racial theories">Racial theories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorelianism" title="Sorelianism">Sorelianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strasserism" title="Strasserism">Strasserism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Nazi_Germany" title="Women in Nazi Germany">Women</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Nazism" title="Category:Nazism">Category</a></li> <li><i><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/16px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/24px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, 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a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nazism_sidebar" title="Template:Nazism sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Nazism_sidebar" title="Template talk:Nazism sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nazism_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Nazism sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="0–9"><span id="0.E2.80.939"></span>0–9</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_Nazi_Germany&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: 0–9"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Program" title="National Socialist Program">25-point programme</a> – The Nazi Party platform and a codification of its ideology.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="A">A</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_Nazi_Germany&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: A"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Abbeförderung</i> ('dispatching', 'removal') – <a href="/wiki/Euphemism" title="Euphemism">euphemism</a> for killing.</li> <li><i>abgeräumt</i> ('cleared away') – slang expression for "murdered".</li> <li><i>Abhörverbrecher</i> ('wiretapping criminal') – Germans and others in the occupied countries who illegally listened to foreign news broadcasts.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Abkindern" class="mw-redirect" title="Abkindern">Abkindern</a></i> – an ironically intended colloquial designation for the cancellation of a <a href="/wiki/Marriage_loan" title="Marriage loan">marriage loan</a> through the production of offspring. In <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>, <i>ab</i> means "off" and <i>Kind</i> means "child".</li> <li><i>Ablieferungspflicht</i> ('delivery obligation') – delivery duty on farm products and other goods which had to be contributed to the state to be sold on the German market.</li> <li><i>Abrechnung mit den Juden</i> ('the settling of accounts with the Jews') – the removal of Jews from the German economy and society, eventually leading to their extermination in <a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust" title="The Holocaust">the Holocaust</a>.</li> <li><i>Abschaum</i> ('scum') – political adversaries of the Nazis.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/SS-Abschnitt" class="mw-redirect" title="SS-Abschnitt">SS-Abschnitt</a></i> – SS district or district headquarters.</li> <li><i>Absiedlung</i> ('resettlement') – the forceful removal of people from German-occupied or annexed regions. This term is synonymous with <i>Umsiedlung</i>.</li> <li><i>Abstammungsnachweis</i> ('<a href="/wiki/Genealogical_certificate" title="Genealogical certificate">genealogical certificate</a>') – used to establish the purity of one's Aryan descent.</li> <li><i>Abteilung</i> – a branch, subsection, department or a division within a main office.</li> <li><i>Abteilungsleiter</i> – the head of a section or department.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Abwehr" title="Abwehr">Abwehr</a></i> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">German pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="de-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Standard_German" title="Help:IPA/Standard German">[ˈapˌveːɐ̯]</a></span> <span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/5\/5f\/De-Abwehr.ogg\/De-Abwehr.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"De-Abwehr.ogg"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5f/De-Abwehr.ogg/De-Abwehr.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:De-Abwehr.ogg" title="File:De-Abwehr.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span>; 'defence') – a German military intelligence (information gathering) organisation that operated from 1920 to 1944. After 4 February 1938, its name in title was <i>Amt Ausland/Abwehr im Oberkommando der Wehrmacht</i> ('Foreign Affairs/Defence Office of the Armed Forces High Command').</li> <li><i>Abwehrangelegenheiten</i> – counterespionage issues.</li> <li><i>Abwehrpolizei</i> – counter-espionage police. They were a function of the border police (<i>Grenzpolizei</i>) controlled by the Gestapo.</li> <li><i>Abwehrstelle</i> (AST, ASt) – Military Intelligence Center.</li> <li><i>Achsenmächte</i> – literally, <a href="/wiki/Axis_powers" title="Axis powers">Axis powers</a>.</li> <li><i>"Achtung, Feind hört mit!"</i> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">German pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="de-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Standard_German" title="Help:IPA/Standard German">[ˈaxtʊŋ<span class="wrap"> </span>faɪ̯nt<span class="wrap"> </span>høːɐ̯t<span class="wrap"> </span>mɪt]</a></span> <span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-2" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/b\/b0\/De-Achtung%2C_Feind_h%C3%B6rt_mit.ogg\/De-Achtung%2C_Feind_h%C3%B6rt_mit.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"De-Achtung, Feind h\u00f6rt mit.ogg"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b0/De-Achtung%2C_Feind_h%C3%B6rt_mit.ogg/De-Achtung%2C_Feind_h%C3%B6rt_mit.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:De-Achtung,_Feind_h%C3%B6rt_mit.ogg" title="File:De-Achtung, Feind hört mit.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span>; 'Watch out, the enemy is listening!') – Nazi slogan used as a repeated warning against spies published in newspapers, posted in shop windows and restaurants, printed on notepads and even on matchboxes. Also a film.</li> <li>Adolphe Légalité – derisory nickname for Hitler in social-revolutionary <a href="/wiki/Sturmabteilung" title="Sturmabteilung">SA</a> circles following the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Reichswehr_Trial&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reichswehr Trial (page does not exist)">Reichswehr Trial</a> held before the Leipzig Supreme Court in late September 1930. In the eyes of radical National Socialists, Hitler's Legality Oath had conceded too much to his political enemies, in the same way as had the <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Duke of Orléans">Duke of Orléans</a>, who adopted the name <a href="/wiki/Philippe_%C3%89galit%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Philippe Égalité">Philippe Égalité</a> during the French Revolution.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Afrika_Korps" title="Afrika Korps">Afrika Korps</a></i> - German Africa Corps (DAK) of the <i><a href="/wiki/Wehrmacht" title="Wehrmacht">Wehrmacht</a></i>.</li> <li><i>agrarpolitischer Apparat</i> (aA; 'Agrarian Apparatus') – Agricultural Affairs Bureau of the <a href="/wiki/NSDAP" class="mw-redirect" title="NSDAP">NSDAP</a>, responsible for promoting <i>Blut und Boden</i> ideology. <ul><li>Leadership hierarchy: <i>Reichsleitungsfachberater</i> held by <a href="/wiki/Richard_Walther_Darr%C3%A9" title="Richard Walther Darré">Richard Walther Darré</a>; <i>Gaufachberater</i>; <i>Bezirksfachberater</i>; <i>Kreisfachberater</i>; <i>Ortsgruppenfachberater</i></li> <li>Agents: LVL; <i>Landesfachberater</i> ('consultants')</li> <li>Administrative: <i>Hilfsreferenten</i> ('staff members'); <i>Sachbearbeiter</i> ('aides'); <i>Hilfsreferenten</i> responsible for day-to-day propaganda campaign</li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ahnenerbe" title="Ahnenerbe">Ahnenerbe</a></i> ('ancestral heritage') – a <a href="/wiki/Think_tank" title="Think tank">think tank</a> established under the patronage of <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Himmler" title="Heinrich Himmler">Heinrich Himmler</a> to research the history of the <a href="/wiki/Aryan_race" title="Aryan race">Aryan race</a> and prove its superiority. <ul><li><i>Ahnenerbe Forschungs- und Lehrgemeinschaft</i> – Society for Research and the Teaching of Ancestral Heritage.</li></ul></li> <li><i>Ahnennachweise</i> – genealogical tree used to prove ancestry.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ahnenpass" title="Ahnenpass">Ahnenpaß</a></i> ('ancestor passport') – an identification card which was supposed to be carried by all Germans to demonstrate one's <a href="/wiki/Aryan_race" title="Aryan race">Aryan race</a> <a href="/wiki/Lineage_(anthropology)" title="Lineage (anthropology)">lineage</a>.</li> <li><i>Ahnenschein</i> ('genealogical chart') – a document used to show correct Aryan descent.</li> <li><i>Akademiker</i> ('academic') – a member of those professions whose exercise required university study as a prerequisite. The term was avoided because it fostered caste mentality and contradicted the ideal of the <a href="/wiki/Volk_community" class="mw-redirect" title="Volk community">Volk community</a>. The proportion of academics from a working-class background increased during the Nazi era, but remained minuscule in actual numbers.</li> <li><i>Auf Kriegsdauer</i> (a. Kr.; 'for the duration of the war') – added to titles to indicate the limited promotion prospects for bureaucrats.</li> <li><span class="anchor" id="Aktion"></span> <i>Aktion</i> ('action') – euphemism for a mass-murder operation.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sonderaktion_1005" title="Sonderaktion 1005">Aktion 1005</a></i> – <span class="anchor" id="1005"></span>('Action 1005'), also called the <i>Sonderaktion 1005</i> ('special action 1005') or <i>Enterdungsaktion</i> ('exhuming action'), was the 1942–44 secret Nazi operation for concealing evidence of their own largest mass-killings. Laborers – facetiously called "Sonderkommando 1005" ('special commando/s 1005') – would be taken under guard to a closed death camp to clear the site of structures while a sub-unit, the "Leichenkommandos" ('corpse commandos'), were forced to exhume bodies from mass graves, burn the remains (usually on timber and iron-rail "roasts"), and sometimes to grind down larger bone pieces in portable bone-crusher mills. Some <i><a href="#einsatz">Einsatzgruppen</a></i> mass graves were also cleared out. (Note: without the <i>1005</i> appended, in the camps the word <i><a href="/wiki/Sonderkommandos" class="mw-redirect" title="Sonderkommandos">Sonderkommando</a></i> (lit. 'special unit') euphemistically referred to prisoner-laborers generally who stoked the crematoria, shaved newcomers' hair, processed seized belongings, etc., but were not involved in the exhuming action.)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aktion_Reinhardt" class="mw-redirect" title="Aktion Reinhardt">Aktion Reinhardt</a></i> ('mission/action Reinhardt') – code name given on 4 June 1942 for the assignment to exterminate all Polish Jews in honor of SS Deputy Chief <a href="/wiki/Reinhard_Heydrich" title="Reinhard Heydrich">Reinhard Heydrich</a> who had been assassinated during a covert operation.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aktion_T4" title="Aktion T4">Aktion T4</a></i> – <span class="anchor" id="t4"></span>code name for the extermination of <a href="/wiki/Mentally_ill" class="mw-redirect" title="Mentally ill">mentally ill</a> and handicapped patients by the Nazi authorities. (Named after <a href="/wiki/Tiergartenstra%C3%9Fe_4" class="mw-redirect" title="Tiergartenstraße 4">Tiergartenstraße 4</a>, the address of Nazi Central Office in <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>.)</li> <li><i>Aktivismus</i> ('activism') – political maxim of National Socialism as a "fighting movement", as opposed to "bourgeois passivity". It was claimed that only through an activist stance had it been possible to "defeat terrorist Marxism". However, that which propaganda ennobled as activism was, especially at the grass-roots level, often only blind action for action's sake.</li> <li><i>Alles für Deutschland</i> ('everything/anything for Germany') – Motto applied to the blades of uniform daggers worn by the <a href="/wiki/Sturmabteilung" title="Sturmabteilung">SA</a> and <a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Motor_Corps" title="National Socialist Motor Corps">National Socialist Motor Corps</a> (NSKK).</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Allgemeine_SS" title="Allgemeine SS">Allgemeine SS</a></i> (general SS) – general overall body of the SS which included full-time, part-time, active, inactive, and honorary members.</li> <li><span class="anchor" id="Alljuda"></span><i>Alljuda</i> – antisemitic Germanization of the term <i>international Jewry</i> that borrowed from the word <i>alldeutsch</i> ('pan-German'), as in the antisemitic slogan "All-Germany against All-Jewry!" The National Socialists used the word <i>Alljuda</i> to suggest the <i>Allgegenwart</i> ('omnipresence') of the Jewish danger and the "world conspiracy of Judaism"; aggressive terminology that degraded <a href="/wiki/Zionism" title="Zionism">Zionism</a></li> <li><i>Alpenfestung</i> ('<a href="/wiki/Alpine_Fortress" title="Alpine Fortress">Alpine Fortress</a>') – the region on the Obersalzberg where Hitler was originally supposed to retreat when conducting the battle against the Allies. Hitler never used the <i>Alpenfestung</i> in this capacity and retreated instead into the bunker in Berlin.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Alter_K%C3%A4mpfer" title="Alter Kämpfer">Alter Kämpfer</a></i> ('old fighter') – A Nazi Party member who joined the party or a party-affiliated organization before the <a href="/wiki/1930_German_federal_election" title="1930 German federal election"><i>Reichstag</i> election of September 1930</a>, when the Nazi Party made its electoral breakthrough; or who joined the Austrian Nazi Party or an affiliate before the <i><a href="/wiki/Anschluss" title="Anschluss">Anschluss</a>.</i> The first 100,000 members of the Party were eligible to wear the <a href="/wiki/Golden_Party_Badge" title="Golden Party Badge">Golden Nazi Party Badge</a>. The "old fighters" tended to be the most extreme anti-Semitics in the party.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Altreich_(pre-1938_Nazi_Germany)" class="mw-redirect" title="Altreich (pre-1938 Nazi Germany)">Altreich</a></i> ('old country') – after the annexation of <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a> in 1938, referred to the part of Germany that was within the 1937 (pre-annexation) boundaries.</li> <li><i>Amt</i> – a main office, branch or department of a ministry within the Reich.</li> <li><i>Amtsgericht</i> – a court of law with functions over the whole legal field.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Amtsleiter" title="Amtsleiter">Amtsleiter</a></i> – a convener of NSDAP Party committees. They were personally answerable to Hitler.</li> <li><i>Amtswalter</i> ('office steward') – Old German-sounding Nazi synonym for "official" or "civil servant" (<i>Beamter</i>) and therefore the preferred term for professional functionaries of the party and its branches. Those persons working in the state apparatus continued to be called <i>Beamte</i>.</li> <li><i>Amt Feierabend</i> ('Office for After-Work Activity') – aimed to organize workers' after-work activities as part of the <a href="/wiki/Strength_Through_Joy" title="Strength Through Joy">Strength Through Joy</a> policy.</li> <li><i>Amt Volksbildungswerk</i> ('Office for Popular Education') – aimed to organize ideologically approved education for workers as part of the <a href="/wiki/Strength_Through_Joy" title="Strength Through Joy">Strength Through Joy</a> policy.</li> <li><i>Anbauschlacht</i> – Battle for Cultivation.</li> <li><i>Angstbrosche</i> ('badge of fear') – an ironic expression for the Nazi Party pin worn by latecomers to the Party in 1933.</li> <li><i>Anhaltelager</i> – a temporary detention camp.</li> <li><i>Anordnung</i> – an order, instruction or regulation.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Anschluss" title="Anschluss">Anschluss</a></i> (<i>Anschluß</i>) – <a href="/wiki/Annexation" title="Annexation">annexation</a>, in particular the annexation of <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a> in March, 1938.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Comintern_Pact" title="Anti-Comintern Pact">Anti-Comintern Pact</a> – the agreement by <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> to oppose the Communist International (the <a href="/wiki/Comintern" class="mw-redirect" title="Comintern">Comintern</a>) directed by Josef Stalin and the Soviet Union.</li> <li><i>Arbeit adelt</i> ('labor ennobles') – Motto applied to the blades of uniform daggers worn by officers of the <a href="/wiki/Reichsarbeitsdienst" class="mw-redirect" title="Reichsarbeitsdienst">Reichsarbeitsdienst</a> (RAD, the State Labor Service).</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Arbeit_macht_frei" title="Arbeit macht frei">Arbeit macht frei</a></i> ('work will set you free') – an old German peasant saying, not invented by the Nazis. It was placed above the gate to <a href="/wiki/Auschwitz_concentration_camp" title="Auschwitz concentration camp">Auschwitz</a> by the commandant <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_H%C3%B6%C3%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="Rudolf Höß">Rudolf Höß</a>. The slogan which appeared on the gates of numerous Nazi death camps and concentration camps was not true; those sent to the camps certainly would not be freed in exchange for their hard labor. Instead they were generally worked to death or exterminated when they could no longer perform labour for the Reich.</li> <li><i>Arbeitnehmerschaft</i> ('workforce') – the Nazis took this word to mean both manual and mental workers.</li> <li>"<i>Arbeitertum der Faust und der Stirn</i>" ('Workers of both manual and mental labor') – blue-collar and white-collar workers. This was the Nazi Party self-description as an "all-inclusive workers' party".</li> <li><i>Arbeitsdienstführer</i> ('labor service leader) – an official responsible for labor output and performance in a concentration camp.</li> <li><i>Arbeitserziehungslager</i> ('workers' educational camps') – camps established for recently released concentration camp inmates designed to provide additional training for industrial work.</li> <li><i>Arbeitsplatzwechselverordnung</i> (APWVO) – a legal order to change jobs.</li> <li><i>Arbeitsscheue</i> – a person who avoids work. Germans who rejected opportunities to work were categorized and placed in protective custody (<i>Schutzhaft</i>), which implied that they were slackers. In most instances, they were reported to the <a href="/wiki/Gestapo" title="Gestapo">Gestapo</a> and thereafter interned at the Buchenwald concentration camp for a three-month period.</li> <li><i>Arbeitsschlacht</i> ('battle for work') – propaganda term for the totality of measures involved in work creation. Because of its military and activist sound, <i>Arbeitsschlacht</i> was one of Hitler's favorite terms until 1937 (the <i>de facto</i> end of unemployment). It was patterned after the Fascist Italian <i>battaglia per il grano</i> ('battle for grain').</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ariernachweis" class="mw-redirect" title="Ariernachweis">Ariernachweis</a></i> – a Certificate of Descent (to show "<a href="/wiki/Aryan_race#Nazism_and_Neo-Nazism" title="Aryan race">Aryan</a>" heritage) (popular name).</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aryan_race#Nazism_and_Neo-Nazism" title="Aryan race">Aryan</a></i> – the Germanic <a href="#uberm">"master race" or <i>Übermensch</i></a>, according to Nazi doctrine.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aryanization_(Nazism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Aryanization (Nazism)">Arisierung</a></i> ('Aryanization') – the process of making something "<a href="/wiki/Aryan_race#Nazism_and_Neo-Nazism" title="Aryan race">Aryan</a>" through the seizure of Jewish property in favour of a non-Jewish German.</li> <li><i>Asoziale</i> ('asocial people') – during the Nazi era, the term was derogatory, akin to "scum" or the <i>ballastexistenzen</i> ('ballast-existences' – dead weight, waste-lives) of the socially marginalized, those considered by the Nazis to be undesirables. It included the homeless, migrant workers, beggars, vagrants, large families from the lower social strata, families from the edge of town, "like gypsy" migrants, the so-called "work shy", alcoholics, prostitutes and pimps. Gypsies (as they were called by the Nazis) were considered to be "foreign race <i>asoziale</i>".</li> <li><i>Aufbruch der Nation</i> ('a new start for the nation') – nationalist interpretation of the beginning of the First World War; it was adopted by the "National Socialist Revolution" to emphasize the overcoming of the party state and of pluralism. This was a parallel concept to the National Rising (<i>Erhebung</i>).</li> <li><i>Aufsichtsverwaltung</i> – supervisory administration'</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auschwitz_concentration_camp" title="Auschwitz concentration camp">Auschwitz</a> – a town near <a href="/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w" title="Kraków">Kraków</a> in southern Poland that was the site of the largest Nazi concentration camps.</li> <li><i>ausgebombt</i> ('bombed out') – people rendered homeless due to the Allied bombing campaign against Germany during World War II.</li> <li><i>Auslandsdeutsche</i> ('Germans in foreign countries') – people of Germanic blood who spent their formative years in a German community abroad. Nazi doctrine held that such people were still entitled to the full rights of being German, especially those who remained affiliated with the Fatherland. A considerable number of them were in the United States and Argentina.</li> <li><i>Auslandsnachrichtendienst</i> – intelligence service covering foreign countries. This was one of the functions of the <a href="/wiki/Sicherheitsdienst" title="Sicherheitsdienst">SD</a> as Amt VI of the <a href="/wiki/RSHA" class="mw-redirect" title="RSHA">RSHA</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/NSDAP/AO" class="mw-redirect" title="NSDAP/AO">Auslandsorganisation</a></i> (AO; 'Organization for Foreigners') – a NSDAP organization tasked to supervise Germans abroad.</li> <li><i>Ausrichtung</i> ('alignment') – a favorite NS word, borrowed from military usage, for external and internal "normalization" of the movement's followers. External uniformity of dress corresponded to inner ideological alignment regarding NS goals.</li> <li><i>Ausrottungsmaßnahmen</i> – extermination measures.</li> <li><i>Außenpolitisches Amt</i> (APA; 'Foreign Policy Office') – a NSDAP foreign policy office overseen by <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Rosenberg" title="Alfred Rosenberg">Alfred Rosenberg</a>.</li> <li><i>Außenstelle</i> – also known as <i>Außendienststelle</i>; outstation or outpost of the SiPo and SD.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Reichsautobahn" title="Reichsautobahn">Autobahn</a></i> – The "<a href="/wiki/Autobahn" title="Autobahn">autobahns</a>", a <a href="/wiki/Freeway" class="mw-redirect" title="Freeway">freeway</a> system planned and started by the <a href="/wiki/Weimar_Republic" title="Weimar Republic">Weimar Republic</a> but constructed by Nazi Germany. The autobahn construction program was enthusiastically implemented by Hitler as a <a href="/wiki/Public_works" title="Public works">public works</a> project to help fulfill his promise to reduce unemployment. The autobahn system was used as a model for the construction of the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> <a href="/wiki/Interstate_Highway_System" title="Interstate Highway System">Interstate Highway System</a> by President <a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower">Dwight D. Eisenhower</a>, who remarked on the efficiency of the autobahn for military transportation while in Germany as the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Headquarters_Allied_Expeditionary_Force" title="Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force">Supreme Allied Commander of the Allied Expeditionary Force</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="B">B</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_Nazi_Germany&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: B"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Badeanstalten</i> "bathhouses" – gas chambers disguised as bathhouses</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bahnschutzpolizei" title="Bahnschutzpolizei">Bahnschutzpolizei</a></i> – railway protection police</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Anti-Partisan_Guerrilla_Warfare_Badge" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Partisan Guerrilla Warfare Badge">Bandenkampfabzeichen</a></i> – "(Anti-) bandits-campaign badge": Nazi military uniform award for participating in <i>Bandenbekämpfung</i> operations; see below.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bandenbek%C3%A4mpfung" title="Bandenbekämpfung">Bandenbekämpfung</a></i> – "bandit fighting": anti-partisan warfare. The term <i>Banden</i> was used instead of <i>partisans</i> to dehumanize those deemed to be enemies. All Jews and anyone living in a partisan-controlled area was to be killed with the assumption that they were "bandits", resulting in the <a href="/wiki/Holocaust_by_bullets" class="mw-redirect" title="Holocaust by bullets">mass murder of civilians</a>.</li> <li><i>Bann, ban</i> – Old German word meaning "area of command authority" (thus, ban-mile). It was revived by the Hitler Youth to designate a division of four to six <i>Stämme</i> (stems), or subbans, led by an HJ <i>Bannführer</i>. The <i>Bann</i> corresponded to the <i>Untergau</i> in the League of German Girls, and to the <i>Jungbann</i> in the <a href="/wiki/Jungvolk" class="mw-redirect" title="Jungvolk">Jungvolk</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bayreuth_Festival" title="Bayreuth Festival">Bayreuther Festspiele</a></i> – The "<a href="/wiki/Bayreuth_Festival" title="Bayreuth Festival">Bayreuth Festival</a>", a festival of <a href="/wiki/Wagnerian_opera" class="mw-redirect" title="Wagnerian opera">Wagnerian opera</a> held since 1876 (and still held today) in <a href="/wiki/Bayreuth,_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Bayreuth, Germany">Bayreuth, Germany</a>. Because of Hitler's love of the music of Wagner, all the leading Party functionaries and their wives were expected to attend the Bayreuth Festival. Hitler said, "Anyone who does not appreciate the music of <a href="/wiki/Wagner" class="mw-redirect" title="Wagner">Wagner</a> cannot understand <a href="/wiki/National_Socialism" class="mw-redirect" title="National Socialism">National Socialism</a>".</li> <li><i>BDM-Werk <a href="/wiki/Glaube_und_Sch%C3%B6nheit" class="mw-redirect" title="Glaube und Schönheit">Glaube und Schönheit</a></i> – "BDM Belief and Beauty Society" – A special branch of the <i><a href="/wiki/Bund_Deutscher_M%C3%A4del" class="mw-redirect" title="Bund Deutscher Mädel">Bund Deutscher Mädel</a></i> (League of German Girls) began in January 1938 and open to girls age 17 to 21.</li> <li><i>Bedarfsschein</i> – special voucher which allowed one access to otherwise scarce goods or wares.</li> <li>"<i>Befehl ist Befehl</i>" – "An order is an order"; Germans typically followed orders as an obligation, particularly in military contexts. This statement was frequently used as a rationale to justify mass murder.</li> <li><i>Befehlshaber der Ordnungspolizei</i> (BDO) – Headquarters of the Order (uniformed) Police.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/SS-Begleitkommando_des_F%C3%BChrers" title="SS-Begleitkommando des Führers">SS-Begleitkommando des Führers</a></i> (SS Escort Command of the Führer) – originally an eight-man <a href="/wiki/SS" class="mw-redirect" title="SS">SS</a> squad assigned with protecting the life of <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a> during the early 1930s. The <i>Begleitkommando</i> was later expanded and became known as the <i>Führerbegleitkommando</i> (Führer Escort Command; FBK). It remained responsible for Hitler's personal protection until 30 April 1945.</li> <li><i>Bekanntmachungen</i> – proclamations; throughout occupied Europe, German authorities posted decrees and notifications, unauthorized removal of one was punishable by death.</li> <li><i>Bekennende Kirche</i> also <i>Bekenntniskirche</i> – "<a href="/wiki/Confessing_Church" title="Confessing Church">Confessing Church</a>". The groups of <a href="/wiki/Protestant" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant">Protestant</a> churches and clergymen that resisted Nazification. Many dissenting pastors in this movement paid the ultimate sacrifice for their disagreement with the regime.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bergen-Belsen_concentration_camp" title="Bergen-Belsen concentration camp">Bergen-Belsen</a> – concentration camp located near the German village of Bergen, nearby Hannover. <a href="/wiki/Anne_Frank" title="Anne Frank">Anne Frank</a> died there.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Berghof_(residence)" title="Berghof (residence)">Berghof</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a>'s home in the <a href="/wiki/Obersalzberg" title="Obersalzberg">Obersalzberg</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Bavarian_Alps" title="Bavarian Alps">Bavarian Alps</a> near <a href="/wiki/Berchtesgaden" title="Berchtesgaden">Berchtesgaden</a>, which he purchased in 1933.</li> <li><i>Berufskammern</i> – Nazi professional organizations.</li> <li><i>Berufsverbrecher</i> – "prefessional criminals", Nazi designation for KZ prisoners with a criminal record</li> <li><i>Beschwerliches Leben</i> – synonym for Unnütze Esser "<a href="#useless_eaters">useless eaters</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Besatzungsverwaltung</i> – occupation administration</li> <li><i>Besitzbürgertum</i> (Property-owning Bourgeoisie) – pejorative term referring to upper middle class property owning people early in the Nazi regime's existence.</li> <li><i>bestimmungsgemäß behandelt</i> – treated according to orders or regulations, euphemism for mass murder</li> <li><i>Betreuen</i> "look after" – imprison in a concentration camp<sup id="cite_ref-Allan_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Allan-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Betreuungsausschuß</i> – managing committee</li> <li><i>Betreuungsvertrag</i> – support contract</li> <li><i>Beutegermane –</i> Volksdeutsche</li> <li><i>Bevollmächtiger</i> – plenipotentiary</li> <li><i>Bewachungsmannschaft</i> – a guard detachment of the SS in a concentration camp</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bezirksleiter" title="Bezirksleiter">Bezirksleiter</a></i> – NSDAP district leaders.</li> <li><i>Bildungsbürgertum</i> – educated member of the bourgeoisie</li> <li><i>Blechkrawatte</i> – "tin necktie," nickname for the <a href="#RK">Knight's Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blitzkrieg" title="Blitzkrieg">Blitzkrieg</a> – lightning war; quick army invasions aided by tanks and airplanes. A form of attack generally associated with the German armed forces during the Second World War. <i>Blitzkrieg</i> tactics were particularly effective in the early German campaigns against <a href="/wiki/Second_Polish_Republic" title="Second Polish Republic">Poland</a>, France, and the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Blockleiter" title="Blockleiter">Blockleiter</a></i> – lowest official of the NSDAP, responsible for the political supervision of a (city) block, usually 40 to 60 households (also called <i>Blockführer</i> in some cases).</li> <li><i>Blockwart</i> – see <i>Blockleiter</i></li> <li><i>Blumenkriege</i> ('Flower Wars') – expression utilized by <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Goebbels" title="Joseph Goebbels">Joseph Goebbels</a> referring to the German diplomatic successes in both Austria and Czechoslovakia, when instead of being greeted by bullets, German soldiers were showered with flowers in jubilant displays of support.</li> <li><i>Blutbewußtsein</i> – blood consciousness; pride in one's Germanic race and the act of behaving in accordance with Nazi ideals.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Blutfahne" title="Blutfahne">Blutfahne</a></i> "Blood flag" – An <a href="/wiki/Sturmabteilung" title="Sturmabteilung">SA</a> flag bloodied in the attempted <a href="/wiki/Beer_Hall_Putsch" title="Beer Hall Putsch">Beer Hall Putsch</a> in Munich 9 November 1923, and revered by the Nazi Party, used in ceremonies. The flag was supposedly made sacred to the Nazi cause through the blood of early NSDAP martyrs and it was used for dramatic effect and in esoteric rituals whereby Hitler 'consecrated' new party members (particularly at the <a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_Rallies" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuremberg Rallies">Nuremberg Rallies</a>) by holding the flag in one hand while touching the new members as they passed by him. It disappeared towards the end of the War and is presumed to have been destroyed.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Blutorden" class="mw-redirect" title="Blutorden">Blutorden</a></i> – "Blood Order" – The medal instituted by Hitler in March 1934 and awarded to Nazis who took part in the November 1923 Beer-Hall Putsch or persons who were a member of one of its formations by January 1932 (continuous service). In 1938, members who could receive it was expanded to persons who rendered outstanding service to the Party. Further party members who lost their lives in the service of the Party could be awarded it. In June 1942, <a href="/wiki/Reinhard_Heydrich" title="Reinhard Heydrich">Reinhard Heydrich</a> (posthumously) was the last to be awarded the medal. This award was one of the highest of the NSDAP and under 6,000 were given.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Blut_und_Boden" class="mw-redirect" title="Blut und Boden">Blut und Boden</a></i> – "<a href="/wiki/Blood_and_soil" title="Blood and soil">Blood and soil</a>". Slogan adopted by the Nazis; it was originally coined by the German former <a href="/wiki/Social_Democrat" class="mw-redirect" title="Social Democrat">Social Democrat</a> August Winnig, cfr. his <i>Das Reich als Republik 1918–1928</i>, (Stuttgart and Berlin: Cotta, 1928), pg 3.</li> <li><i>Blut und Ehre</i> (Blood and Honor) – Motto applied to the blades of some uniform daggers worn by the <i>Hitlerjugend</i>, or <a href="/wiki/Hitler_Youth" title="Hitler Youth">Hitler Youth</a>.</li> <li><i>Blutschande</i> (Blood Shame) – the German word for "incest" which was misappropriated by Hitler and the Nazis, who equated it with the defilement of German racial purity through intermarriage with other non-Germanic races.</li> <li><i>Blutzeuge –</i> an NSDAP martyr</li> <li><i>bodengebunden</i> – bound to the soil</li> <li><i>bodenständiger Kapitalismus</i> – 'home country-orientated capitalism' or 'sedentary capitalism' – productive capitalism, i.e., <a href="/wiki/Industrial_sector" class="mw-redirect" title="Industrial sector">industry</a> (as opposed to unproductive 'nomadic' capitalism, i.e., <a href="/wiki/Financial_speculator" class="mw-redirect" title="Financial speculator">financial speculation</a>, believed by the Nazis to be dominated by the Jews) was a Nazi economic concept.</li> <li><i>Bombenflüchtling</i> – bomb refugee; German city dweller sent to the countryside due to the Allied bombing attacks.</li> <li><i>Bombensprengkommando</i> – bomb detonation detachments; prisoners in the <a href="/wiki/SS-Baubrigaden" class="mw-redirect" title="SS-Baubrigaden">SS-Baubrigaden</a> who had to recover exploded munitions during the cleanup of bombed German cities.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Breitspurbahn" title="Breitspurbahn">Breitspurbahn</a></i> (broad-gauge railway) – a planned 3-meter (9 ft 10<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">8</span></span> in) <a href="/wiki/Broad_gauge" class="mw-redirect" title="Broad gauge">broad-gauge</a> <a href="/wiki/Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Railway">railway</a>, a personal pet project of Adolf Hitler, with <a href="/wiki/Bilevel_rail_car" title="Bilevel rail car">double-storey</a> <a href="/wiki/Coach_(rail)" class="mw-redirect" title="Coach (rail)">coaches</a> to run between major cities of <i><a href="/wiki/German_question#Later_influence" title="German question">Großdeutschland</a></i>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Brown_House,_Munich,_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Brown House, Munich, Germany">Braunes Haus</a></i> – The <a href="/wiki/Brown_House,_Munich,_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Brown House, Munich, Germany">Brown House</a> – national HQ of the NSDAP in <a href="/wiki/Munich,_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Munich, Germany">Munich, Germany</a>, opened 1931; Hitler purchased the Barlow Palace which was the old Italian embassy when Bavaria was an independent state.</li> <li><i>Braunhemden</i> (<a href="/wiki/Brownshirts" class="mw-redirect" title="Brownshirts">Brownshirts</a>) – the SA. The SA leadership obtained <a href="/wiki/Khaki" title="Khaki">khaki</a> colored shirts that were supposed to be sent to German troops stationed in African colonies prior to World War I, and thus the color <a href="/wiki/Brown#Politics" title="Brown">brown</a> became a symbol of the Nazi party.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Brigadef%C3%BChrer" title="Brigadeführer">Brigadeführer</a></i> "brigade leader" – an SA and SS rank, equivalent to brigadier general.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buchenwald_concentration_camp" title="Buchenwald concentration camp">Buchenwald</a> – concentration camp located near Weimar, Germany</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nazi_book_burnings" title="Nazi book burnings">Bücherverbrennung</a></i> – book burning</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bund_Deutscher_M%C3%A4del" class="mw-redirect" title="Bund Deutscher Mädel">Bund Deutscher Mädel</a></i> (BDM) – NSDAP "League of German Girls," the female branch of the <a href="/wiki/Hitler_Youth" title="Hitler Youth">Hitler Youth</a>. It had three million members in 1937.</li> <li><i>Burschenschaft</i> – student association (predates Nazi Party). Many of these organizations were instrumental in the adoption of Pan-Germanic anti-Semitic ideals for future SS members while they attended university.</li> <li><i>Bürgerbräukeller-Attentat</i> (Beer Hall Attempt) – connotes the unsuccessful assassination attempt upon Hitler's life on 8 November 1939 in Munich.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="C">C</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_Nazi_Germany&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: C"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carinhall" title="Carinhall">Carinhall</a> – country estate of <a href="/wiki/Hermann_G%C3%B6ring" title="Hermann Göring">Hermann Göring</a> outside Berlin. Named in honor of his first wife Carin Göring (1888–1931).</li> <li><i>Chef der Deutschen Polizei im Reichsministerium des Innern</i> – (Chief of the German Police in the Reich Ministry of the Interior). Title conferred on <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Himmler" title="Heinrich Himmler">Heinrich Himmler</a> by Hitler in June 1936. Traditionally, law enforcement in Germany had been a state matter. In this role, Himmler was nominally subordinate to Interior Minister Frick. However, the decree effectively placed the police under the national control of members of the SS.</li> <li><i>Chef der Sicherheitspolizei und des SD</i> – (Chief of the Security Police and SD) or CSSD. Title first conferred on <a href="/wiki/Reinhard_Heydrich" title="Reinhard Heydrich">Reinhard Heydrich</a> and after his death, <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Kaltenbrunner" title="Ernst Kaltenbrunner">Ernst Kaltenbrunner</a> when chief of the <i>Reichssicherheitshauptamt</i> (<a href="/wiki/Reich_Security_Main_Office" title="Reich Security Main Office">Reich Security Main Office</a> or RSHA, which included the <a href="/wiki/Gestapo" title="Gestapo">Gestapo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sicherheitsdienst" title="Sicherheitsdienst">SD</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kripo" class="mw-redirect" title="Kripo">Kripo</a>).</li> <li><i>Chef der Zivilverwaltung (CdZ)</i> – (<a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Civil_Administration" title="Chief of Civil Administration">Chief of the Civilian Administration</a>) Official title of the head of the Nazi <a href="/wiki/German_occupation_of_Luxembourg_during_World_War_II" title="German occupation of Luxembourg during World War II">occupation administration</a> in the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg which lasted from 10 May 1940 to 10 September 1944. The office was held by <a href="/wiki/Gustav_Simon" title="Gustav Simon">Gustav Simon</a>, Gauleiter of the neighbouring German Gau of Trier-Koblenz (since 1942 Gau Moselland).</li> <li><i>Chefsache</i> (matter for the leader) – a top secret document or a matter which had to be decided by the leader (Hitler) himself.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Che%C5%82mno_extermination_camp" title="Chełmno extermination camp">Chełmno</a> (Kulmhof) – the first camp constructed solely for extermination (<i>Vernichtungslager</i>). Located approximately 60 kilometers from Łodz, upwards of 300,000 Jews were killed at Chełmno by German firing squads and mobile gas vans.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Columbia_concentration_camp" title="Columbia concentration camp">Columbia-Haus</a></i> (Columbia House) – infamous <i><a href="/wiki/Gestapo" title="Gestapo">Gestapo</a></i> prison set up immediately following Hitler's assumption of power in January 1933 which housed political opponents, Jews, and anyone deemed an enemy of the Nazi regime. Various forms of torture were employed there.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comintern" class="mw-redirect" title="Comintern">Comintern</a> – abbreviated version of 'Communist International' (term not unique to Nazism).</li> <li><i>Christlich-Sozialer Volksdienst</i> or CSVD (<a href="/wiki/Christian_Social_People%27s_Service" title="Christian Social People's Service">Christian Social People's Service</a>) – organization founded by the merger of the two Protestant political groups, the <i>Christlich-soziale Reichsvereinigung</i> (Christian Social Reich Association) and the <i>Christlicher Volksdienst</i> (Christian People's Service) to advocate for the Protestant religious cause. It was dissolved shortly after the Nazis seized power.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zyklon_B" title="Zyklon B">Cyclon B</a> – Alternative spelling of <i><a href="/wiki/Zyklon_B" title="Zyklon B">Zyklon B</a></i>, trade-name of a cyanide-based insecticide used to kill over one million people in gas chambers.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="D">D</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_Nazi_Germany&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: D"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Daseinskampf</i> – <a href="/wiki/Struggle_for_existence" title="Struggle for existence">struggle for existence</a>. Word used in Nazi circles referring to the struggle against perceived enemies (Jews, Slavs, Communists, Roma, and others).</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Das_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Das System">Das System</a></i> – "The System." Derogatory Nazi term for the Weimar Republic.</li> <li><i>"Denn heute gehört uns Deutschland/Und morgen die ganze Welt"</i> – "Today, Germany belongs to us/And tomorrow the entire world", a line from the 1932 song <i>Es zittern die morschen Knochen</i> ("The Frail Bones Tremble") written by <a href="/wiki/Hans_Baumann_(writer)" title="Hans Baumann (writer)">Hans Baumann</a> that became the official <a href="/wiki/Marching_song" class="mw-redirect" title="Marching song">marching song</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Reichsarbeitsdienst" class="mw-redirect" title="Reichsarbeitsdienst">Reichsarbeitsdienst</a> (<i>Reich Labor Service</i>) in 1935. This was loosely translated into <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> as <i>Today Germany, Tomorrow the World</i>, implying that the Nazis intended to take over the world.</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deutsche_Ansiedlungsgesellschaft&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Deutsche Ansiedlungsgesellschaft (page does not exist)">Deutsche Ansiedlungsgesellschaft</a></i> – German Settlement Company</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/German_Workers%27_Party_(Austria-Hungary)" title="German Workers' Party (Austria-Hungary)">German Workers' Party (Austria-Hungary)</a></i> (DAP) – Austria-Hungary party which was the predecessor of the Austrian and Czechoslovak <i>Deutsche Nationalsozialistische Arbeiterpartei</i> (DNSAP), founded on 14 November 1903.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/German_Workers%27_Party" title="German Workers' Party">Deutsche Arbeiterpartei</a></i> (DAP) (German Workers' Party) – was a short-lived political party started in Munich and the precursor of the National Socialist German Workers' Party (<i>Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei</i>, NSDAP); commonly referred to in English as the <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Party" title="Nazi Party">Nazi Party</a>. The DAP only lasted from January 1919 until February 1920.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Labour_Front" title="German Labour Front"><i>Deutsche Arbeitsfront</i></a> (DAF) – The 'German Labour Front' was the Nazi's substitute organisation for trade unions, which had been outlawed on 2 May 1933.</li> <li><i>Deutsche Ausrüstungswerke</i> (DAW; German Armament Works) – an armaments organization established in 1939 under SS control.</li> <li><i>Deutschblütig</i> – "German-blooded, of German blood" was a legal term after the <a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_Laws" title="Nuremberg Laws">Nuremberg Laws</a>, which <a href="/wiki/German_Blood_Certificate" title="German Blood Certificate">certified</a> one as a member of the German race. (See below: <i>Fremdblütig</i>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Christenbewegung" class="mw-redirect" title="Deutsche Christenbewegung">Deutsche Christen</a></i> – the "de-Judaized" Christian church; those who were "Nazified". They removed the whole <a href="/wiki/Old_Testament" title="Old Testament">Old Testament</a> from the Bible.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Glaubensbewegung" class="mw-redirect" title="Deutsche Glaubensbewegung">Deutsche Glaubensbewegung</a></i> (German Faith Movement) – neo-pagan Church formed during the Nazi era, intended to replace traditional Christian institutions.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Nationalsozialistische_Arbeiterpartei" class="mw-redirect" title="Deutsche Nationalsozialistische Arbeiterpartei">Deutsche Nationalsozialistische Arbeiterpartei</a></i> (DNSAP) – the Austrian "German National Socialist Workers' Party".</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Reichsbahn" title="Deutsche Reichsbahn">Deutsche Reichsbahn</a></i> – German National Railway. Formed under the <a href="/wiki/Weimar_Republic" title="Weimar Republic">Weimar Republic</a> by merging Germany's various railways, and nationalized by the Nazis in 1937. Continued to operate in <a href="/wiki/East_Germany" title="East Germany">East Germany</a> until 1994.</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deutsche_Umsiedlungs-Treuhand_GmbH&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Deutsche Umsiedlungs-Treuhand GmbH (page does not exist)">Deutsche Umsiedlungs-Treuhand GmbH</a></i> – The German Resettlement Trust Ltd.</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deutsche_Wirtschaftsbetriebe_GmbH&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Deutsche Wirtschaftsbetriebe GmbH (page does not exist)">Deutsche Wirtschaftsbetriebe GmbH</a></i> – German Economic Enterprises Ltd.; Created by the SS and controlled by the WVHA.</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deutscher_Frauenorden&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Deutscher Frauenorden (page does not exist)">Deutscher Frauenorden</a></i> (DFO) – German Women's Order. The leader was Elsbeth Zander.</li> <li><i>Deutscher Gruß</i> – the "German greeting". Also known as the <a href="/wiki/Hitler_salute" class="mw-redirect" title="Hitler salute">Hitler salute</a> (<i>Hitlergruß</i>). Used when addressing Hitler, higher-ranking Party, SA or SS officers, or the <i>Reich</i> officials. Imposed on the Armed Forces in lieu of the military salute after the <a href="/wiki/20_July_plot" title="20 July plot">20 July plot</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Deutscher_Luftsportverband" class="mw-redirect" title="Deutscher Luftsportverband">Deutscher Luftsportverband</a></i> (DLV) – German Air Sports Association, clandestine predecessor of the <i><a href="/wiki/Luftwaffe" title="Luftwaffe">Luftwaffe</a></i>, formed under Hermann Göring in his role of National Kommissar for aviation with former Deutsche Luft Hansa director Erhard Milch as his deputy.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/German_nationalism" title="German nationalism">Deutscher Nationalismus</a></i> – "German nationalism", the main core ideological basis of the NSDAP.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/German_National_Prize_for_Art_and_Science" title="German National Prize for Art and Science">Deutscher Nationalpreis für Kunst und Wissenschaft</a></i> – German National Prize for Art and Science, a substitute/rival award to the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prizes" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobel Prizes">Nobel Prizes</a>, which the Nazis forbade Germans to accept.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/German_Order_(decoration)" class="mw-redirect" title="German Order (decoration)">Deutscher Orden</a></i> – German Order, the highest decoration of the Nazi Party; awarded only 12 times, in most cases posthumously. Cynically nicknamed the "Dead Hero Medal."</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Deutsches_Jungvolk" title="Deutsches Jungvolk">Deutsches Jungvolk</a></i> – NSDAP-controlled association for boys before they were old enough to enter the <a href="/wiki/Hitler_Youth" title="Hitler Youth">Hitler Youth</a> at age 14.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Deutsches_Kreuz" class="mw-redirect" title="Deutsches Kreuz">Deutsches Kreuz</a></i>, German Cross – military decoration instituted to bridge the gap between the <a href="#EK">Iron Cross</a> 1st Class and the <a href="#RK">Knight's Cross</a>. Awarded in gold for valor in combat and in silver for distinguished service.</li> <li><i>Deutschland Erwache!</i> – "Germany awake!" a Nazi slogan. It was used on the <a href="/wiki/Vexilloid" title="Vexilloid">vexilloids</a> of the <a href="/wiki/SS" class="mw-redirect" title="SS">SS</a> when they marched in torchlight parades and in the <a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_Rallies" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuremberg Rallies">Nuremberg Rallies</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101218165741/http://www.museumofworldwarii.com/Images2005/02DeutschlandErwachelge.gif">[1]</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deutschkunde&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Deutschkunde (page does not exist)">Deutschkunde</a></i> (Study of German Culture) – formative school subject required as part of the curriculum to train German children about their importance in the world.</li> <li><i>Deutsches Olympiaehrenzeichen</i> – German Olympic Games Decoration. Given in recognition of individuals who worked on organising the 11th Olympic Games in Berlin and the <a href="/wiki/1936_Winter_Olympics" title="1936 Winter Olympics">4th Olympic Winter Games</a> held in <a href="/wiki/Garmisch-Partenkirchen" title="Garmisch-Partenkirchen">Garmisch-Partenkirchen</a>, both in 1936. The award came in two classes and was given to both Germans and foreigners.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Deutschlandsender" title="Deutschlandsender">Deutschlandsender</a></i> (Radio Germany) – the German national radio station during the Nazi era.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Deutschland_%C3%BCber_alles" class="mw-redirect" title="Deutschland über alles">Deutschland über alles</a></i> (Germany above all) – catchphrase of the Nazis and title of the German national anthem during the Nazi era. Lyrics for the song were originally written in 1841 by <a href="/wiki/Hoffmann_von_Fallersleben" class="mw-redirect" title="Hoffmann von Fallersleben">Hoffmann von Fallersleben</a> to a <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Haydn" title="Joseph Haydn">Joseph Haydn</a> melody as a call for German unification, but it became a Nazi rallying call for Aryan <i>Lebensraum</i> and German hegemony.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/German_National_People%27s_Party" title="German National People's Party">Deutschnationale Volkspartei</a></i> (DNVP) – German National People's Party, monarchist/nationalist conservatives who were the <a href="/wiki/NSDAP" class="mw-redirect" title="NSDAP">NSDAP</a>'s junior partner in the 1933 coalition government. Instrumental in passing the Enabling Act, but dissolved shortly thereafter.</li> <li><i>Der Dicke</i> – "The fat one", a contemptuous epithet by Germans used to refer to <a href="/wiki/Reichsmarschall" title="Reichsmarschall">Reichsmarschall</a> <a href="/wiki/Hermann_G%C3%B6ring" title="Hermann Göring">Hermann Göring</a>.</li> <li>"<i>Die Juden sind unser Unglück</i>" – A Nazi slogan: "The Jews are our misfortune."</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dienststelle_Ribbentrop&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dienststelle Ribbentrop (page does not exist)">Dienststelle Ribbentrop</a></i> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ribbentrop_Bureau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ribbentrop Bureau (page does not exist)">Ribbentrop Bureau</a>) – duplicate foreign ministry office set up by Hitler in the spring of 1933 to rival the original <a href="/wiki/German_Foreign_Office" class="mw-redirect" title="German Foreign Office">German Foreign Office</a> which he distrusted. Following an administrative reshuffling in February 1938, Hitler dissolved the office and made <a href="/wiki/Joachim_von_Ribbentrop" title="Joachim von Ribbentrop">Joachim von Ribbentrop</a> the Reich's Minister of Foreign Affairs.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dolchsto%C3%9Flegende" class="mw-redirect" title="Dolchstoßlegende">Dolchstoßlegende</a></i> (Stab-in-the-Back Theory) – theory that the German military defeat during the First World War was the result of political intrigue by the Social Democrats, pacifist traitors, Communists and Jews back in Germany at the expense of the brave soldiers, airman, and sailors fighting abroad. It formed the backbone of Hitler's campaign against the liberal government of Weimar and was widely believed wholeheartedly by conservatives since Germany was never occupied during the fighting.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Drang_nach_Osten" title="Drang nach Osten">Drang nach Osten</a></i> – "Drive to the east", the historic German desire to expand eastward – especially the desire as espoused by the Nazi regime. This push or "drive" eastwards has roots in the struggles going back to the Middle Ages between Slavs and Germanic people contingent upon diplomatic shifts, war, and Christianization. Hitler made it clear in <i><a href="/wiki/Mein_Kampf" title="Mein Kampf">Mein Kampf</a></i> that he intended to reinvigorate the <i>Drang nach Osten</i> once the opportunity presented itself.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hitler's conceptual understanding of the push eastwards accords that of <a href="/wiki/Karl_Haushofer" title="Karl Haushofer">Karl Haushofer</a> which focused on Eastern Europe as the breadbasket needed to complement an industrialized Germany.</li> <li><i>Drittes Reich</i> – <a href="/wiki/Third_Reich" class="mw-redirect" title="Third Reich">Third Reich</a> or "Third Realm". <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Moeller_van_den_Bruck" title="Arthur Moeller van den Bruck">Arthur Moeller van den Bruck</a> coined this term for his book <i><a href="/wiki/Das_Dritte_Reich" title="Das Dritte Reich">Das Dritte Reich</a></i> published in 1923. The term "Third Reich" was used by Nazi propaganda to legitimize the Nazi government as a successor to the "First Reich" (the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a>), 800–1806 beginning with <a href="/wiki/Charlemagne" title="Charlemagne">Charlemagne</a>, and the "Second Reich" (the <a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">German Empire</a>, 1871–1918).</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Millennialism#Nazism" title="Millennialism">Drittes Zeitalter</a></i> – The "<a href="/wiki/Millennialism#Nazism" title="Millennialism">Three Ages</a>" – a <a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_history" title="Philosophy of history">philosophy of history</a> promulgated in 1923 by the German author <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Moeller_van_den_Bruck" title="Arthur Moeller van den Bruck">Arthur Moeller van den Bruck</a> in his book <i><a href="/wiki/Das_Dritte_Reich" title="Das Dritte Reich">Das Dritte Reich</a></i>, based on an update of the "<a href="/wiki/Millennialism#Utopianism" title="Millennialism">Three Ages</a>" philosophy of the <a href="/wiki/Medieval" class="mw-redirect" title="Medieval">medieval</a> philosopher <a href="/wiki/Joachim_of_Fiore" title="Joachim of Fiore">Joachim of Fiore</a>, which the Nazis used to justify their rule. According to Moeller's update of the ideas of Fiore, the "First Reich" was the <i>Age of the <a href="/wiki/God_the_Father" title="God the Father">Father</a></i>, the "Second Reich" was the <i>Age of the <a href="/wiki/Son_of_God" title="Son of God">Son</a></i>, and there will in the future be established under a strong leader a "Third Reich" which will be the <i>Age of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Ghost" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy Ghost">Holy Ghost</a></i> in which all Germans will live in a <a href="/wiki/Utopia" title="Utopia">Utopia</a> in peace and harmony with each other.</li> <li><i>Durchgangslager</i> – a transit camp</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="E">E</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_Nazi_Germany&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: E"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Eagle's Nest – see <a href="#Kehlstein">Kehlsteinhaus</a>.</li> <li><i>Edelweiß</i> – code name used for Hitler's directive by Army Group A to attack the <a href="/wiki/Baku_oil_fields" class="mw-redirect" title="Baku oil fields">Baku oil fields</a> in the Caucasus.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eher_Verlag" class="mw-redirect" title="Eher Verlag">Eher Verlag</a></i> – the Nazi Party's official publishing house made famous through its editions of <i>Mein Kampf</i> and operated by <a href="/wiki/Max_Amann" title="Max Amann">Max Amann</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ehestandsdarlehen" class="mw-redirect" title="Ehestandsdarlehen">Ehestandsdarlehen</a></i> (Marriage Loan) – loan provided by the Nazi government to encourage marriage and raise the <a href="/wiki/Birth_rate" title="Birth rate">birth rate</a> of 'Aryan' children.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Honorary_Aryan" title="Honorary Aryan">Ehrenarier</a></i> – "honorary Aryan" – some people or peoples of non-Aryan ancestry were declared <a href="/wiki/Honorary_Aryan" title="Honorary Aryan">Honorary Aryans</a> because of their service to the Nazi government. <a href="/wiki/Hermann_G%C3%B6ring" title="Hermann Göring">Hermann Göring</a> stated, "I will decide who is Aryan".</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ehrendolch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ehrendolch (page does not exist)">Ehrendolch</a></i> – lit. "honor dagger", a presentation dagger awarded for individual recognition, especially by the SS.</li> <li><i>Ehrenführer</i> (Honorary Leader) – title awarded to high-ranking officials in the Nazi hierarchy which included the additional title of SS General. This special distinction was bestowed by <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Himmler" title="Heinrich Himmler">Heinrich Himmler</a> to a select handful of individuals to include <a href="/wiki/Martin_Bormann" title="Martin Bormann">Martin Bormann</a> and <a href="/wiki/Joachim_von_Ribbentrop" title="Joachim von Ribbentrop">Joachim von Ribbentrop</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cross_of_Honor_of_the_German_Mother" class="mw-redirect" title="Cross of Honor of the German Mother">Ehrenkreuz der Deutschen Mutter</a></i><span class="anchor" id="EKDM"></span> – "Cross of Honor of the German Mother" – An <a href="/wiki/Award" title="Award">award</a> given to German mothers who gave birth to four or more children. Those who bore four to five children received the <a href="/wiki/Bronze_(color)" title="Bronze (color)">bronze</a> Honor Cross, those who bore six to seven children received the <a href="/wiki/Silver_(color)" title="Silver (color)">silver</a> Honor Cross, and those who bore at least eight children received the <a href="/wiki/Gold_(color)" title="Gold (color)">gold</a> Honor Cross.</li> <li><i>Ehrenliste der Ermordeten der Bewegung</i> – Nazi honor roll of those who fought and died for the party before it came to power in January 1933.</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ehrenwaffe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ehrenwaffe (page does not exist)">Ehrenwaffe</a></i> – Nazi honor weapon worn by NSDAP party leaders who qualified to carry them.</li> <li><i>Eiche</i> (Oak) – code name of one of the four distinct operations to defend the Italian mainland against the Allied powers. It included the rescue of <a href="/wiki/Benito_Mussolini" title="Benito Mussolini">Mussolini</a> by <a href="/wiki/Otto_Skorzeny" title="Otto Skorzeny">Otto Skorzeny</a> and his paratroopers from captivity in the Apennines.</li> <li><i>Eichenlaubträger</i> (Oak leaves dignitary/carrier) – a person awarded the Knight's Cross with oak leaves.</li> <li><i>Eigengesetzlichkeit</i> – determined by inner laws as the Germanization of autonomy.</li> <li><i>Eichmannreferat</i>, <i>Judenreferat –</i> <a href="/wiki/Reich_Security_Head_Office_Referat_IV_B4" title="Reich Security Head Office Referat IV B4">Reich Security Head Office Referat IV B4</a> .</li> <li><i>Eignungsprüfer</i> (Suitability Examiner) – specialists from the Main Office for Race and Settlement of the SS and other medical professionals who evaluated Polish children to assess whether or not their racial worthiness warranted being counted as Germans. This process entailed the examination of a child's general physique, eye color, hair, and the like. After evaluation, the child was placed into one of several categories; desirable for natural reproduction, tolerable, or undesirable.</li> <li><i>Eindeutschung</i> (Germanization) – process of turning foreign nationals of suitable 'Aryan' or related bloodlines into Germans.</li> <li><i>Eindeutschungsfähigkeit</i> – an individual's suitability for Germanization.</li> <li><i>Einheitspreisgeschäft</i> – business which sold goods and commodities inside Nazi Germany in accordance with government regulated prices.</li> <li><i>Eingliederung</i> (Integration) – expression for areas at least partially annexed into the Reich like <a href="/wiki/Alsace-Lorraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Alsace-Lorraine">Alsace-Lorraine</a> or <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/F%C3%BChrer#State_and_party_leader_Hitler" title="Führer">Ein Volk, ein Reich, ein Führer</a></i> – "One people, one nation, one leader"; one of the most-repeated slogans of the NSDAP.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aktion_Reinhardt" class="mw-redirect" title="Aktion Reinhardt">Einsatz Reinhardt</a></i> alternative name for <a href="/wiki/Aktion_Reinhardt" class="mw-redirect" title="Aktion Reinhardt">Aktion Reinhardt</a></li> <li><i>Einsatzbereitschaft</i> (Readiness for Service) – label for the courage and willingness of individual Germans to obey and sacrifice for the Nazi cause.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Einsatzgruppen" title="Einsatzgruppen">Einsatzgruppen</a></i> – <span class="anchor" id="einsatz"></span>"Special-operation units" that were death squads under the command of the RSHA and followed the Wehrmacht on the Eastern Front to engage in the systematic killing of mostly civilians, including: Jews, communists, intellectuals, and others.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Einsatzkommando" title="Einsatzkommando">Einsatzkommandos</a></i> (Task Commandos) – special mobilized units of the <i>Einsatzgruppen</i> tasked with eliminating Communists, partisans, Jews, and saboteurs on the Eastern Front.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Einsatzstab_Reichsleiter_Rosenberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Einsatzstab Reichsleiter Rosenberg">Einsatzstab Reichsleiter Rosenberg</a> für die Besetzen Gebiete</i>, "Reichsleiter Rosenberg Institute for the Occupied Territories" – principal authority for the looting of artwork and cultural treasures from occupied countries.</li> <li><i>Einsatztrupp</i> (Troop Task Force) – smallest of the <i>Einsatzgruppen</i> units responsible for liquidations in the German-occupied territories.</li> <li><i>Eintopf</i> ('one pot meal') – term propagandized by the Nazis to encourage Germans to eat a one-pot meal on a weekly basis to conserve food (especially meat) for the good of the country. "Eintopf, das Opferessen des Reiches" was an expression often used which meant: "A one-pot meal, the sacrificial meal for the Reich." As part of the <i>Eintopfsonntag</i> campaign, from 1933 the <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Party" title="Nazi Party">Nazi Party</a> made a midday Sunday <i>eintopf</i> obligatory on some days:<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in particular as part of the <a href="/wiki/Winterhilfe" class="mw-redirect" title="Winterhilfe">Winterhilfe</a>, the first Sunday of the month from October until March.</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Einwanderungszentralstelle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Einwanderungszentralstelle (page does not exist)">Einwanderungszentralstelle</a></i> (EWZ; Central Immigration Office) – Organization established in 1939 and directed by <a href="/wiki/Reinhard_Heydrich" title="Reinhard Heydrich">Reinhard Heydrich</a> which managed the disbursement of property and assets of exterminated or deported Jews and non-Jewish Poles to members of the Germanic people (<i>Volksdeutsche</i>) for their use instead.</li> <li><i>Eiserne Faust</i> (Iron Fist) – right-wing political association originally based in Munich where Hitler met his erstwhile 'comrade in arms' Ernst Röhm, who was later assassinated at Hitler's order.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Iron_Cross" title="Iron Cross">Eiserne Kreuz</a></i>, Iron Cross <span class="anchor" id="EK"></span> – Originally a Prussian royal military decoration for valor or combat leadership, revived by Hitler in 1939. There were three grades, the Iron Cross, Knight's Cross (<i><a href="#RK">Ritterkreuz</a></i>) and Grand Cross (<i><a href="#GK">Grosskreuz</a></i>); the basic grade was awarded in two degrees, 2nd and 1st Class. Holders of the 1914 Iron Cross were awarded a device (<i>Spange</i>) to be worn with the original decoration in lieu of a second medal.</li> <li><i>Endlösung – <a href="/wiki/Final_Solution" title="Final Solution">Final solution</a></i>, short for <i>Endlösung der Judenfrage</i> – "Final solution to the <a href="/wiki/Jewish_question" title="Jewish question">Jewish question</a>", a Nazi euphemism for what later became known as <a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust" title="The Holocaust">The Holocaust</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Endsieg" title="Endsieg">Endsieg</a></i> – "final victory"; referring to the expected victory in <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>. Nazi leadership spoke of the "final victory" as late as March 1945.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Degenerate_art" title="Degenerate art"><i>Entartete Kunst</i></a> – degenerate art; term used as the title of an art show consisting of <a href="/wiki/Modern_art" title="Modern art">modern art</a> and other "degenerate" art, which was contrasted with <a href="/wiki/Nazi_propaganda" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazi propaganda">propagandistic</a> <a href="/wiki/Nazi_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazi art">Nazi art</a>. This term also included <i>entartete Musik</i> or music that was considered non-German like Jazz, modern music, and any music composed by Jews.</li> <li><i>Enterdungsaktion</i> – ("Exhuming action"), also called the <i><a href="/wiki/Sonderaktion_1005" title="Sonderaktion 1005">Sonderaktion 1005</a></i> ("special action 1005") or <i>Aktion 1005</i> ("Action 1005"). See above <a href="#1005">Aktion 1005</a>.</li> <li><i>Entjudung</i> (<a href="/wiki/Dejudaization_(Nazi_term)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dejudaization (Nazi term)">Dejudaization</a>) – freeing things from all forms of Jewish influence, or the removal of Jews entirely.</li> <li><i>Entpolnisierung</i> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Depolonization_(Nazi_term)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Depolonization (Nazi term) (page does not exist)">Depolonization</a>) – the clearing of racially Polish people and Jews from Poland, accomplished through the use of exploitative slave labor and mass murder.</li> <li><i>Entnazifizierung</i> (<a href="/wiki/Denazification" title="Denazification">Denazification</a>) – the post-war process of removing all semblance of Nazi influence from the surviving German people. Commanders in the respective Russian, British, French, and American zones of Germany removed (to the extent possible) all former Nazis in leading positions and established 5 distinctive categories for the Nazis: (1) major offenders – those persons who committed major crimes, to be sentenced to life in prison or death; (2) activists, militarists, or profiteers – sentenced to a maximum of ten years imprisonment; (3) lesser offenders – those who deserved some form of leniency, generally sentenced to a probation period of two-three years; (4) followers – those who nominally supported the Nazi regime, subject to surveillance; (5) exonerated persons – persons who at some point actively or passively resisted the Nazis and suffered oppression under the regime.</li> <li><i>Erbgesundheitsgericht</i> (<a href="/wiki/Hereditary_Health_Court" title="Hereditary Health Court">Hereditary Health Court</a>) – courts which often determined whether or not to sterilize individuals in Nazi Germany.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Reichserbhofgesetz" title="Reichserbhofgesetz">Erbhöfe</a></i> – hereditary; farms labelled as such were guaranteed to remain with the same family in perpetuity.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Reichserbhofgesetz" title="Reichserbhofgesetz">Erbhofgesetz</a></i> – the 1933 NSDAP hereditary farm law; it guaranteed family farm holdings of three hundred acres (1.2 km<sup>2</sup>) or less.</li> <li><i>Ereignismeldung</i> (EM) – report on activities.</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erlass_des_F%C3%BChrers_und_Reichskanzlers_zur_Festigung_deutschen_Volkstums&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Erlass des Führers und Reichskanzlers zur Festigung deutschen Volkstums (page does not exist)">Erlass des Führers und Reichskanzlers zur Festigung deutschen Volkstums</a></i> – Decree of the Führer and Reich Chancellor concerning the Strengthening of German Nationality.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Erm%C3%A4chtigungsgesetz" class="mw-redirect" title="Ermächtigungsgesetz">Ermächtigungsgesetz</a></i> – "Law to Relieve the Distress of the People and State"; Enabling Act of March 23, 1933, which had the effect of suspending the Weimar Constitution and granting Hitler <a href="/wiki/Dictator" title="Dictator">dictatorial powers</a>.</li> <li><i>Ernährungsschlacht</i> – the battle for food supplies.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ersatz" class="mw-redirect" title="Ersatz">Ersatz</a></i> – a substitute product. Germany did not have an easy access to some <a href="/wiki/Strategic_material" title="Strategic material">strategic materials</a>. German scientists had to research how to produce <a href="/wiki/Artificial_rubber" class="mw-redirect" title="Artificial rubber">artificial rubber</a> (<i>Buna</i>), and coffee made from roasted acorns, for example. <a href="/wiki/Gasified_coal" class="mw-redirect" title="Gasified coal">Gasified coal</a> was manufactured to create an artificial <a href="/wiki/Petroleum" title="Petroleum">petroleum</a>-like product to fuel vehicles. In a military context used to refer to replacement troops, e.g., <i>Ersatzabteilung</i> "replacement battalion."</li> <li><i>Erzeugungsschlacht</i> – Battle for Production.</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Euthanasiebefehl&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Euthanasiebefehl (page does not exist)">Euthanasiebefehl</a></i> (Euthanasia Order) – Hitler's secret order issued in the fall of 1939 which empowered medical professionals to review a patient's overall health status to determine whether or not they would be euthanized. Those who were terminally-ill, mentally handicapped or otherwise a financial burden to the German state were put to death under this order.</li> <li><i>Evakuierungslager</i> (Evacuation Camp) – camps where Jews were sometimes held before being sent to any of the various concentration camps throughout the Greater Reich.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="F">F</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_Nazi_Germany&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: F"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fahneneid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fahneneid (page does not exist)">Fahneneid</a></i> (Flag Oath) – oath of allegiance sworn to Hitler by members of the German military.</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fahnenweihe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fahnenweihe (page does not exist)">Fahnenweihe</a></i> (Consecration of the Flag) – yearly ritual during which Hitler consecrated new Party flags by touching them against the 'blood flag' from the Munich Beer-Hall Putsch.</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fall_Madagaskar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fall Madagaskar (page does not exist)">Fall Madagaskar</a></i> (Case Madagascar) – see Madagaskarplan.</li> <li><i>Feindhörer</i> (Listener to Enemy Broadcasts) – people who illegally listened to Allied and enemy broadcasts during the war.</li> <li><i>Feind hört mit –</i> a propaganda campaign stressing that "The enemy is listening". It was also periodically published as "Achtung, Feind hört mit!" and "Vorsicht, Feind hört mit!" The statement is comparable to the American "<a href="/wiki/Loose_lips_sink_ships" title="Loose lips sink ships">Loose lips sink ships</a>" idiom.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Feldgendarmerie" title="Feldgendarmerie">Feldgendarmerie</a></i> – Field Gendarmerie or Field Police, the <a href="/wiki/Military_police" title="Military police">military police</a> units of the <a href="/wiki/Wehrmacht" title="Wehrmacht">Wehrmacht</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Feldherrnhalle" title="Feldherrnhalle">Feldherrnhalle</a></i> – loggia on the <a href="/wiki/Odeonsplatz" title="Odeonsplatz">Odeonsplatz</a> in <a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a>; site of the violent climax of the 1923 <a href="/wiki/Beer_Hall_Putsch" title="Beer Hall Putsch">Beer Hall Putsch</a>. Used as the name of an <a href="/wiki/Sturmabteilung" title="Sturmabteilung">SA</a> <i>Standarte</i>, which eventually grew into the <a href="/wiki/Panzer_Corps_Feldherrnhalle" title="Panzer Corps Feldherrnhalle">Panzer Corps Feldherrnhalle</a>.</li> <li><i>Feme</i> – a secret organization which practiced political assassination. Derived from what was previously a pseudo-vigilante tribunal structure active in medieval Westphalia which meted out extra-judiciary punishment. The Nazi Party old fighters romanticized this word and used it for the "self-protection" forces of the post-World War I era during which the Nazis rose to power employing forms of vigilantism.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Festigung deutschen Volkstums</i> (Strengthening of the German Nationality) – the deportation and mass murder of Jews and Poles across Poland and occupied Europe for the sake of making room for people of German blood.</li> <li><i>Festung Europa</i> ('<a href="/wiki/Fortress_Europe" title="Fortress Europe">Fortress Europe</a>') – all territory within German-occupied Europe and that of Germany's allies which was to be held at all costs.</li> <li><i>Flaggenerlass</i> or <i>Flaggenerlaß</i> (Flag Order) – decree to display the Nazi flag in churches throughout Germany and Europe.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hans_Baur#Fliegerstaffel_des_Führers" title="Hans Baur">Fliegerstaffel des Führers</a></i> – Hitler's personal air transport squadron, primarily involving his personal pilot <a href="/wiki/Hans_Baur" title="Hans Baur">Hans Baur</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Forschungsabteilung_Judenfrage&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Forschungsabteilung Judenfrage (page does not exist)">Forschungsabteilung Judenfrage</a></i> – Research Branch for the Jewish Problem.</li> <li><i>Frauenabteilung</i> – Women's labor branches which promoted and supported the integration of women into the workforce.</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frauenhilfsdienst_f%C3%BCr_Wohlfahrts-_und_Krankenpflege&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frauenhilfsdienst für Wohlfahrts- und Krankenpflege (page does not exist)">Frauenhilfsdienst für Wohlfahrts- und Krankenpflege</a></i> – Women's Aid Service for Welfare and Health Care.</li> <li><i>Frauenkonzentrationslager</i> (FKL) – Women's concentration camp</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fraktur_(typeface)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fraktur (typeface)"><i>Fraktur</i></a> – a fashion of <a href="/wiki/Blackletter" title="Blackletter">blackletter</a> popularly associated with Nazi Germany, though the blackletter typefaces were banned by <a href="/wiki/Martin_Bormann" title="Martin Bormann">Martin Bormann</a> in 1941 on the grounds that it was supposedly "Jewish".</li> <li><i>Fremdblütig</i> (alien-blooded) – a term for persons of "non-Aryan" heritage, who were not German-blooded.</li> <li><i>Fremdmoral</i> (alien morality) – a term for moral principles that do not originate with one's own "species" (<i>Artung</i>), and thus undermine "species-specific" (<i>arteigene</i>) ethics. For the "Nordic" person, for example, Christian morality was a typical alien morality.</li> <li><i>Fremdvölker</i> (Foreign peoples) – descriptive terms for foreigners, or those of non-Aryan blood who were considered alien to the German population.</li> <li><i>Frontgemeinschaft</i> – front line community. It was termed for the solidarity felt by the German soldiers of <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> in the trench warfare.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/F%C3%BChrer" title="Führer">Führer</a></i> – leader. Adolf Hitler was called "<i>Der Führer</i>". Also an early SA and SS rank, later changed to <i><a href="/wiki/Sturmf%C3%BChrer" title="Sturmführer">Sturmführer</a></i>.</li> <li><i>Führerbefehl</i> – "the leader's orders"; special directives personally issued by Hitler himself. These were considered the utmost unbreakable orders in Nazi Germany, the last of which was to defend Berlin at all cost (and resulting in the suicides of the most fanatical followers).</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/F%C3%BChrerbunker" title="Führerbunker">Führerbunker</a></i> – (literally meaning "shelter [for the] leader" or "[the] Führer's shelter") was located about 8.2 metres beneath the garden of the old Reich Chancellery building at Wilhelmstraße 77, and about 120 metres north of Hitler's New <a href="/wiki/Reich_Chancellery" title="Reich Chancellery">Reich Chancellery</a> building in Berlin. This underground bunker was Hitler's last FHQ. Further, it is where Hitler and his wife <a href="/wiki/Eva_Braun" title="Eva Braun">Eva Braun</a> spent the last few weeks of the war and where their lives came to an end on 30 April 1945.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/F%C3%BChrer_Headquarters" title="Führer Headquarters">Führerhauptquartiere</a></i> (FHQ), a number of official headquarters especially constructed for use by the <a href="/wiki/F%C3%BChrer" title="Führer">Führer</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/F%C3%BChrerprinzip" title="Führerprinzip">Führerprinzip</a></i> – the "leader principle", a central tenet of Nazism and Hitler's rule, based on absolute hierarchical authority and unquestioning obedience.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/F%C3%BChrersonderzug" title="Führersonderzug">Führersonderzug</a></i> – Hitler's special command train, functioning as Führer headquarters when he was on board.</li> <li><i>Führerstaat</i> – the concept of Hitler's <a href="/wiki/Dictatorship" title="Dictatorship">dictatorship</a> of one-man rule.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/F%C3%BChrerstadt" class="mw-redirect" title="Führerstadt">Führerstadt</a></i> ("Führer-city") – title bestowed on five different German and Austrian cities (<a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Linz" title="Linz">Linz</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Nuremberg" title="Nuremberg">Nuremberg</a>) which were to undergo <a href="/wiki/Nazi_architecture" title="Nazi architecture">major architectural reconstruction</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/SS-F%C3%BChrungshauptamt" class="mw-redirect" title="SS-Führungshauptamt">SS-Führungshauptamt</a></i> – SS Leadership Head Office, the administrative headquarters of the <a href="/wiki/Waffen-SS" title="Waffen-SS">Waffen-SS</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="G">G</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_Nazi_Germany&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: G"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gau_(German)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gau (German)"><i>Gau</i></a><span class="anchor" id="Gau"></span>, pl. <i>Gaue</i> – NSDAP regional districts which functioned as the <i>de facto</i> administrative organization of Nazi Germany from 1935 to 1945.</li></ul> <dl><dd>Further subdivided into: <ul><li><i>Bezirke</i> – districts</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><i>Kreise</i> – counties or subdistricts; smaller units of the <i>Bezirk</i></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><i>Ortsgruppen</i> – Party branch or local branches. It took a minimum of fifteen members to be recognized</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><i>Hauszellen</i> – tenement cells</li> <li><i>Straßenzellen</i> – street cells</li> <li><i>Stützpunkte</i> – strong points</li></ul></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl> <ul><li><i>Gauführer</i> – very early SA and SS rank, indicating the SA or SS leader for a <i>Gau</i>; renamed <i><a href="/wiki/Oberf%C3%BChrer" title="Oberführer">Oberführer</a></i> in 1928.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gauleiter" title="Gauleiter">Gauleiter</a></i> – the head of a <a href="/wiki/Gau_(country_subdivision)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gau (country subdivision)">Gau</a> or of a <a href="/wiki/Reichsgau" title="Reichsgau">Reichsgau</a>. They had to swear unconditional personal loyalty to the Führer and were directly answerable to him.</li> <li><i>Gau-Uschla</i> – the level of the four-tiered <a href="#Uschla">Uschla</a> system immediately below the <i>Reichs-Uschla</i> and immediately above the <i>Kreis-Uschla</i>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Front_Medal" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Front Medal">Gefrierfleischorden</a></i> – ("Frozen flesh order" / frozen meat medal) Trench humor nickname for the service medal awarded for fighting on the Russian front. The decoration's official name was <i>Die Medaille Winterschlacht Im Osten</i> usually just shortened to <i>Ostmedaille</i> (East medal).</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Geheime_Feldpolizei" title="Geheime Feldpolizei">Geheime Feldpolizei</a></i> (GFP) – Secret Field Police. It was Germany's secret military police that was organised by the German high command (OKW) in July 1939 to serve with the <a href="/wiki/Wehrmacht" title="Wehrmacht">Wehrmacht</a>. It was mainly designed to carry out security work in the field, as the executive agent of the <a href="/wiki/Abwehr" title="Abwehr">Abwehr</a>.</li> <li><i>Geheime Staatspolizei</i> (<a href="/wiki/Gestapo" title="Gestapo">Gestapo</a>) – Secret State Police. Originally the Prussian secret state police and later (as part of the SiPo, then merged into the RHSA) the official secret police of Nazi Germany. Gestapo was derived as follows: <b>Ge</b>heime <b>Sta</b>ats<b>po</b>lizei.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Charitable_Ambulance" class="mw-redirect" title="Charitable Ambulance">Gekrat</a></i> – Either the <i><a href="/wiki/Gemeinn%C3%BCtzige_Krankentransport_GmbH" title="Gemeinnützige Krankentransport GmbH">Gemeinnützige Krankentransport GmbH</a></i> ("Charitable Ambulance LLC") or one of its distinctive gray buses. The actual purpose of such euphemistically named "charitable ambulances" was to send sick and disabled people to the Nazi killing centers under the <a href="#t4">Action T4</a> eugenics program. <i>Gekrat</i> is an abbreviation of the company name: <i><b>Ge</b>meinnützige <b>Kra</b>nken<b>t</b>ransport GmbH</i>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Geltungsjude" title="Geltungsjude">Geltungsjude</a></i> (“one who counts as a Jew”) – A person with two Jewish grandparents who met one of four criteria in the <a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_Laws" title="Nuremberg Laws">Nuremberg Laws</a> which caused them to be deemed a Jew rather than a <a href="/wiki/Mischling" title="Mischling">Mischling</a> of the first degree. Compare <i>Istjude</i>.</li> <li><i>Gemeinnutz geht vor Eigennutz</i> – "The common good before the self good"; <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Jung" title="Rudolf Jung">Rudolf Jung</a> popularized it in his book <i>Der Nationale Sozialismus</i>, 1922, Second edition. This became Hitler's basic stance on the subordination of the economy to the national interest.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><i>Gemeinschaftsfremde</i> – "Community Alien". Anyone who did not belong to the <i>Volksgemeinschaft</i>.</li> <li><i>Generalgouverneur</i> – Governor-general. Leader of the civil administration of the <i>Generalgouvernement</i>.</li> <li><i>Generalgouvernement</i> (<a href="/wiki/General_Government" title="General Government">General Government</a>) – official designation for the parts of pre-war <a href="/wiki/Second_Polish_Republic" title="Second Polish Republic">Poland</a> that were not directly incorporated into the <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Großdeutsches Reich</a>, but were otherwise placed under a totally German-ruled civil government.</li> <li><i>Generalgouvernement für die besetzten polnischen Gebiete</i> – (<a href="/wiki/General_Government" title="General Government">General Government</a> for the occupied Polish territories) – complete title for the above-mentioned Generalgouvernement from 1939 to 1941. Note that this name did not signify the existence of a military government.</li> <li><i>Genickschuss</i> – "nape shoot", a method of execution.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Genickschussanlage" title="Genickschussanlage">Genickschussanlage</a></i> – "neck shooting facility", the official name of a facility used for surprise executions.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Welthauptstadt_Germania" class="mw-redirect" title="Welthauptstadt Germania">Germania</a></i> – Officially <i>Welthauptstadt</i> ('world-capital-city') <i>Germania</i> (Latin term for Germany): the name Hitler wanted for his proposed world capital city of Berlin – implying planned German dominance of much of the planet. Hitler began sketching grand buildings, memorials, and broad avenues in the 1920s. Architectural model, redevelopment plans, and structural testing by <a href="/wiki/Albert_Speer" title="Albert Speer">Albert Speer</a>, forced evictions, and preliminary demolitions got underway in the mid-late 1930s. Wartime needs sidelined the project. (<i>Germania</i> was also the name of the second regiment of the <a href="/wiki/SS-Verf%C3%BCgungstruppe#Development_of_the_Waffen-SS" title="SS-Verfügungstruppe">SS-Verfügungstruppe</a>).</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gleichschaltung" title="Gleichschaltung">Gleichschaltung</a></i> – the restructuring of German society and government into streamlined, centralized hierarchies of power, with the intention of gaining total control and co-ordination of all aspects of society. Duke University's notable historian, Claudia Koonz, described the institutionalized <i>Gleichschaltung</i> of the National Socialist government as comprehensive in scope and depth.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For the Nazis, <i>Gleichschaltung</i> meant absolute unequivocal conformity and obedience. Such uniform programming of thought was part propaganda induced, partly the result of the Gestapo enforcement mechanism, and part <a href="/wiki/Social_pressure" class="mw-redirect" title="Social pressure">social pressure</a> from every direction; it was of paramount importance to act uniformly if one wanted to remain a member of the <i>Volksgenossen</i>.</li> <li><i>Goldfasanen</i> ("golden pheasants") – derogatory term Germans used for high-ranking Nazi Party members. The term derived from the brown and red uniforms with golden insignia worn at official functions and rallies by party members that resembled the brilliant colours of a male <a href="/wiki/Pheasant" title="Pheasant">pheasant</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goose_step" title="Goose step">Goose step</a> (<i>Stechschritt</i>) – a ceremonial marching form of many countries. The form consists of stepping forward without bending the knees. After the Nazis' use of it in their parades it was later used when referring to other totalitarian governments. Still used by some countries today.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Goralenvolk" title="Goralenvolk">Goralenvolk</a></i>, the <a href="/wiki/Gorals" title="Gorals">Gorals</a> of southern Poland and northern Slovakia, who were considered a separate ethnic group, said to be Slavicized ethnic Germans.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gottgl%C3%A4ubig" title="Gottgläubig">Gottgläubiger</a></i> [lit. "believer in God"], those who broke away from <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> but kept their faith in a higher power or divine creator. The term implies someone who still believes in God, although without having any religious affiliation. Like the Communist Party in the USSR, the Nazis were not favorable toward religious institutions, but unlike the Communists, they did not promote or require atheism on the part of their membership.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gott_mit_uns" title="Gott mit uns">Gott mit uns</a></i> "God with us" – traditional Prussian military motto, worn on the belt buckles of the <i>Wehrmacht</i>.</li> <li>Grand Cross – see <i><a href="#GK">Großkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes</a></i></li> <li><i>Gröfaz</i> – acronym for <i>Größter Feldherr aller Zeiten</i> ("greatest general of all time"), an initially praising, later mocking, appellation of Hitler.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Großdeutsches Reich</a></i> "Greater German Domain" – the official state name of Germany from 1943 to 1945; earlier used to refer to pre-1938 Germany (the <i>Altreich</i>) plus Austria and other annexed territories.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Grossgermanisches_Reich" class="mw-redirect" title="Grossgermanisches Reich">Großgermanisches Reich</a></i> "Greater Germanic Domain" – the official state name of the expanded empire that Germany's war aims set out to establish within Europe in World War II.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Grand_Cross_of_the_Iron_Cross#1939_Grand_Cross" title="Grand Cross of the Iron Cross">Großkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes</a></i><span class="anchor" id="GK"></span>, Grand Cross of the <a href="#EK">Iron Cross</a> – Germany's highest military decoration. Established in two degrees, the Grand Cross and the <a href="#SGK">Star of the Grand Cross</a>; the former was awarded only once under the Third Reich, to Göring, and the latter never.</li> <li><i>Großraumwirtschaft</i> – continental economic zone similar to Lebensraum.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Grosstraktor" title="Grosstraktor">Großtraktor</a></i> "large tractor" – code name for the <i>Reichswehr's</i> clandestine heavy tank design.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gruppenf%C3%BChrer" title="Gruppenführer">Gruppenführer</a></i> "group leader" – an SA and SS rank, equivalent to (US/UK) Major General.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="H">H</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_Nazi_Germany&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: H"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Hadamar_Euthanasia_Centre" class="mw-redirect" title="Hadamar Euthanasia Centre">Hadamar Euthanasia Centre</a></i> Euthanasia hospital run under <a href="/wiki/Aktion_T4" title="Aktion T4">Aktion T4</a>.</li> <li><i>Hakenkreuz</i> 'hooked cross' – <a href="/wiki/Swastika" title="Swastika">swastika</a>.</li> <li><i>Halsschmerzen</i> "sore throat" or "itchy neck" – expression to designate a reckless or glory-seeking commander, implying an obsession with winning the <a href="#RK">Knight's Cross</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hauptscharf%C3%BChrer" title="Hauptscharführer">Hauptscharführer</a></i> "chief squad leader" – an SS rank, the highest enlisted grade in the Allgemeine-SS, equivalent to master sergeant.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hauptsturmf%C3%BChrer" title="Hauptsturmführer">Hauptsturmführer</a></i> "chief storm leader" – an SS rank, equivalent to captain.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Haupttruppf%C3%BChrer" title="Haupttruppführer">Haupttruppführer</a></i> "chief troop leader" – an SA and early SS rank, the highest enlisted grade in the SA, equivalent to sergeant major.</li> <li><i>Heer</i> – the Army. Not specific to the Nazi era.</li> <li><i>Heldenklau</i> – the mid-late war practice of enlisting army personnel of the rear to frontline duties in times of crisis, the term is a play on <i>Kohlenklau</i>, an anti energy squandering campaign cartoon</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Heim_ins_Reich" title="Heim ins Reich">Heim ins Reich</a></i> – slogan standing for a policy which strove to integrate Austria and other territories with ethnic Germans into Greater Germany.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Heimat" title="Heimat">Heimat</a></i> – the '<a href="/wiki/Homeland" title="Homeland">homeland</a>' of the German <a href="/wiki/Volk" title="Volk">volk</a> (i.e., The Greater German Reich). Not specific to the Nazi era.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Heimatvertriebene" class="mw-redirect" title="Heimatvertriebene">Heimatvertriebene</a></i> – Germans expelled from their homeland after WW2. Became a political factor in the FRG, mostly aligned with the conservative and right wing parties.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Heimt%C3%BCckegesetz" class="mw-redirect" title="Heimtückegesetz">Heimtückegesetz</a></i> – 1934 law establishing penalties for abuse of Nazi badges and uniforms and restricting freedom of speech.</li> <li>"Hermann Meyer" – derogatory nickname for Luftwaffe chief <a href="/wiki/Hermann_G%C3%B6ring" title="Hermann Göring">Hermann Göring</a>, after his intemperate boast that "if one bomb falls on Berlin, you can call me 'Meyer'!"</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Herrenvolk" class="mw-redirect" title="Herrenvolk">Herrenvolk</a>/Herrenmenschen/Herrenrasse</i> 'people/race of lords' – The <a href="/wiki/Master_race" title="Master race">master race</a>.</li> <li><i>Heute Deutschland! Morgen die Welt!</i> (Germany today! Tomorrow the world!) – popular slogan among Nazis during their push for political power.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIAG" title="HIAG">HIAG</a> (German: 'Hilfsgemeinschaft auf Gegenseitigkeit der Angehörigen der ehemaligen Waffen-SS, literally "mutual help association of former Waffen-SS members") was a Waffen-SS <a href="/wiki/Advocacy_group" title="Advocacy group">lobby group</a>, founded by former high-ranking Waffen-SS members in 1951. Primarily known for its <a href="/wiki/Historical_revisionism_(negationism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Historical revisionism (negationism)">historical revisionism</a> campaigns, it played a key role in forming the perceptions of the <a href="/wiki/Waffen-SS_in_popular_culture" title="Waffen-SS in popular culture">Waffen-SS in popular culture</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=HIB-Aktion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HIB-Aktion (page does not exist)">HIB-Aktion</a></i> – "Into-the-Factories Campaign"; a part of the Nazi campaign to recruit factory workers.</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hilfswerk_Mutter_und_Kind&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hilfswerk Mutter und Kind (page does not exist)">Hilfswerk Mutter und Kind</a></i> (Mother and Child Welfare) – a welfare organization established to aid mothers and children in financial need.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hiwi_(volunteer)" title="Hiwi (volunteer)">Hilfswillige</a></i> (HIWIS; Helpers) – the foreign auxiliaries of the Wehrmacht, SS, and police who volunteered to assist the Nazis in various endeavors, be it manning anti-aircraft batteries, assisting in concentration camps, aiding in resettlement operations, transport and supply functions, or even participating in killing operations when assigned to the <i><a href="/wiki/Einsatzgruppen" title="Einsatzgruppen">Einsatzgruppen</a></i>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hitlergru%C3%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="Hitlergruß">Hitlergruß</a></i> (Hitler Salute) – the gesture used as a greeting in <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a>, which signaled obedience to <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Party" title="Nazi Party">Nazi Party</a>. Often accompanied by "Sieg Heil!" or "Heil Hitler!" it is one of the foremost abiding remnants of Nazi culture remaining today. While it is used in jest in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">U.S.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>, or <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a>, it is actually <a href="/wiki/Strafgesetzbuch_%C2%A7_86a" class="mw-redirect" title="Strafgesetzbuch § 86a">against the law</a> to use the gesture in <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a>. In other European nations like <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a>, it is only illegal when used to propagate <a href="/wiki/Nazism" title="Nazism">Nazi ideology</a> or the countenance thereof.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hitlerism" class="mw-redirect" title="Hitlerism">Hitlerism</a> is another term for Nazism used by its opponents.</li> <li><i>Hitlerproleten</i> – "Hitler's proletariat"; what the Berlin working class Nazis called themselves (to distinguish themselves from the rest of the <a href="/wiki/Proletariat" title="Proletariat">proletariat</a>). (8)</li> <li>Hitler-Stalin-Pakt (also called the <a href="/wiki/Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact" title="Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact">Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact</a> and the Nazi-Soviet Pact) – treaty of non-aggression signed between Germany and the Soviet Union on 23 August 1939 which also stipulated that they (Germany and the Soviet Union) would aid the other in the event of military aggression from other powers. It also established spheres of influence between the two powers, anticipating territorial and political re-arrangements consequent a European conflict. The agreement remained in-force until the Nazis broke it by invading the Soviet Union during <a href="/wiki/Operation_Barbarossa" title="Operation Barbarossa">Operation Barbarossa</a> on 22 June 1941.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hitler_Youth" title="Hitler Youth">Hitler Youth</a> (<i>Hitlerjugend</i>) – The German youth organization founded by the <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Party" title="Nazi Party">Nazi Party</a> (NSDAP). Made up of the <i>Hitlerjugend</i> proper, for male youth ages 14–18; the younger boys' section <i><a href="/wiki/Deutsches_Jungvolk" title="Deutsches Jungvolk">Deutsches Jungvolk</a></i> for ages 10–13; and the girls' section <i><a href="/wiki/League_of_German_Girls" title="League of German Girls">Bund Deutscher Mädel</a></i> (BDM). From 1936 membership in the HJ proper was compulsory.</li> <li><i>Hoheitsabzeichen</i>, or more specific <i>Hoheitsadler</i> or <i>Reichsadler</i> – national insignia (eagle and swastika). See <a href="/wiki/Federal_Coat_of_Arms_of_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Coat of Arms of Germany">Federal Coat of Arms of Germany</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holocaust" class="mw-redirect" title="Holocaust">Holocaust</a> – post-war term (unknown to the Nazis) referring to the mass murder of Jews, Sinti-Roma, Slavs, and other undesirables (euthanized Germans; homosexuals, disabled people, chronically ill, criminals, ideological dissenters, etc.) under the Nazi regime during the period 1941–1945 throughout occupied Europe. As many as 6 million European Jews were systematically killed, as were members of other persecuted groups. Through concerted killing actions by <a href="/wiki/Einsatzgruppen" title="Einsatzgruppen">Einsatzgruppen</a>, mobile gassing units, and fixed institutions (<a href="/wiki/Nazi_concentration_camps" title="Nazi concentration camps">Nazi concentration camps</a>), the Nazis methodically killed upwards of 11 million or more people. Specific to the murder of the Jews, the Nazi regime employed the term <i><a href="/wiki/Final_Solution" title="Final Solution">Endlösung</a></i>, short for <i>Endlösung der Judenfrage</i> ('final solution to the <a href="/wiki/Jewish_question" title="Jewish question">Jewish question</a>'), a euphemism for what later became known as The Holocaust.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Horst-Wessel-Lied" title="Horst-Wessel-Lied">Horst-Wessel-Lied</a> –</i> The "<a href="/wiki/Horst-Wessel-Lied" title="Horst-Wessel-Lied">Horst Wessel Song</a>", also known as <i>Die Fahne hoch</i> ("The Flag Up High") from its opening line, was the anthem of the Nazi Party from 1930 to 1945. From 1933 to 1945 the Nazis made it a co-national anthem of Nazi Germany, along with the first stanza of <i><a href="/wiki/Deutschlandlied" title="Deutschlandlied">Deutschlandlied</a></i>.</li> <li>Horst-Wessel-Suppe - <i>Landser</i> (German army soldier) slang for rations that lack meat or fat, those ingredients <i>March in spirit</i> with the meal, as per the famous line of the 1st verse of the Horst-Wessel-Song.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="I">I</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_Nazi_Germany&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: I"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ich_klage_an" class="mw-redirect" title="Ich klage an">Ich klage an</a></i> (I accuse) – German film (1941) based on the novel, <i>Sendung und Gewissen</i> (Mission and Conscience) by Hellmuth Unger, which served to justify euthanasia. The film's protagonist is a man facing a decision to kill his terminally ill wife who is suffering from multiple sclerosis and is begging her doctors and husband for death. Her husband accedes to his wife's dying wish and gives her poison, after which, he is charged with murder and is brought to trial. During the trial, the husband contends that it was a mercy killing and is acquitted. Death is established as a right and a moral duty. Commissioned by none other than <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Goebbels" title="Joseph Goebbels">Joseph Goebbels</a>, the film's ultimate goal was to encourage public support for the T4 euthanasia program, an endeavor to remove financial and societal burdens by mercifully destroying <i><a href="/wiki/Lebensunwertes_Leben" class="mw-redirect" title="Lebensunwertes Leben">Lebensunwertes Leben</a></i> (Life unworthy of life, similar to <i>Unnütze Esser</i>), which ultimately precipitated the <a href="/wiki/Final_Solution" title="Final Solution">Final Solution</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/IG_Farben" title="IG Farben">IG Farben</a> was a German chemical industry conglomerate and one of the largest corporations in the world at the time, comprising all major German chemical companies. Its name is taken from Interessen-Gemeinschaft Farbenindustrie AG (Syndicate [literally, "community of interests"] of dye-making corporations). Licensor of <a href="/wiki/Zyklon_B" title="Zyklon B">Zyklon B</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Illustrierter_Beobachter" title="Illustrierter Beobachter">Illustrierter Beobachter</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/NSDAP" class="mw-redirect" title="NSDAP">NSDAP</a> national tabloid.</li> <li>IMT (<a href="/wiki/International_Military_Tribunal" class="mw-redirect" title="International Military Tribunal">International Military Tribunal</a>) – the court set up to judge major war criminals in the <a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_Trials" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuremberg Trials">Nuremberg Trials</a> at the end of World War II. It was composed of judges from France, the Soviet Union, Great Britain, and the United States.</li> <li><i>Infanteriesturmabzeichen</i> – Infantry assault medal</li> <li><i>Inländer</i> – Native. Those protected as Reich citizens but with limited rights.</li> <li><i>innerbürtig</i> – born within the German race<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMichaelDoerr2002217_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMichaelDoerr2002217-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Inschutzhaftnahme</i> – "Taken into protective custody", in Nazi Germany a euphemism for being arrested without proper charges and trial by the SA or Gestapo, usually taken to a concentration camp.</li> <li><i>Internationalismus</i> (Internationalism) – according to the Nazi worldview, internationalism consists of political, economic, and social actions not linked to a specific race. Internationalism represented an ideological error to the Nazis since it was contingent upon the idea that all men are created equal, an idea they found abhorrent. Hitler decried the dangers of internationalism and its humanitarian and egalitarian nature as antithetical to the Nazi ideals and instead, fought against internationalism since for him, internationalism was a tool of Jewish bankers and Marxian Socialists, who were otherwise stateless people and for whom, their power culminated in this international abstraction.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hitler also coupled internationalism together with capitalism and democracy – asserting to the end that these ideas clashed entirely with the German national soul.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Invalidenaktion</i> – Operation against the sick; murder of sick concentration camp inmates</li> <li>Iron Cross – see <i><a href="#EK">Eiserne Kreuz</a></i></li> <li><i>Istjude</i> – Being Jewish. According to the <i>Reichsbürgergesetz</i> of November 1935, a person was deemed Jewish who had three Jewish grandparents, regardless of his or her confession of faith or nationality</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="J">J</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_Nazi_Germany&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: J"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Jedem_das_Seine" title="Jedem das Seine">Jedem das Seine</a></i> – "To each his own", German proverb uniquely displayed at the entrance to the <a href="/wiki/Buchenwald_concentration_camp" title="Buchenwald concentration camp">Buchenwald concentration camp</a>, in place of the <i>Arbeit macht frei</i> proverb at most Nazi concentration camps' entrances</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Journaille" title="Journaille">Journaille</a></i> – pejorative term much used by the Nazi Party in their critique of the press of the <a href="/wiki/Weimar_Republic" title="Weimar Republic">Weimar Republic</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Neologism" title="Neologism">neologism</a>, formed from the word journalism and the French <a href="/wiki/Loan-word" class="mw-redirect" title="Loan-word">loan-word</a> <i>kanaille</i> (<i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/canaille" class="extiw" title="wikt:canaille">canaille</a></i>), meaning scum, scoundrel or rabble, preceded the party.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchmitz-Berning2007326ff_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchmitz-Berning2007326ff-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nazi_boycott_of_Jewish_businesses" title="Nazi boycott of Jewish businesses">Judenboykott</a></i></li> <li><i>Juden-Christen</i> (Jew-Christian) – a person unable to establish their Aryan/Germanic past two or three generations.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Question#The_"Final_Solution"" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish Question">Judenfrage</a></i></li> <li><i>Judenaushang –</i> Notices identifying residences or businesses as Jewish-owned.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Judenfrei" title="Judenfrei">Judenfrei</a></i> – areas "liberated" (i.e., <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_cleansing" title="Ethnic cleansing">ethnically cleansed</a>) from any <a href="/wiki/Jewish_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish people">Jewish</a> presence. German for "free of Jews".</li> <li><i>Judenhäuser</i> (Jewish Houses) – Gestapo term for buildings that were managed or administered by the Jewish Religious Federation.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMichaelDoerr2002225_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMichaelDoerr2002225-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Judenkarte –</i> Temporary food ration card for Jews, which comprised severely reduced food rations with the letter “J” stamped on it; the Nazis later printed the word "Jude" across the card. <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMichaelDoerr2002225_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMichaelDoerr2002225-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Judenknecht</i> – "servant of the Jews". Gentile individuals, groups or states opposing Nazi Germany.</li> <li><i>Judenleihgebühr</i> – Fee paid to the SS by German corporations for the loan of Jewish slave laborers, which equated to 0.70 <a href="/wiki/Reichsmark" title="Reichsmark">ℛ︁ℳ︁</a> per day per person.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMichaelDoerr2002225_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMichaelDoerr2002225-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Judenrampe</i> – "Jews ramp". At death camps and concentration camps, the rail platform for unloading newly arrived (usually Jewish) internees.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Judenrat" title="Judenrat">Judenrat</a></i> – Jewish council. The Gestapo established <i>Judenräte</i> (the plural) in <a href="/wiki/Ghetto" title="Ghetto">ghettoes</a> to have them carry out administrative duties.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Judenrein" class="mw-redirect" title="Judenrein">Judenrein</a></i> – areas from which any trace of a Jewish bloodline would have been completely eradicated. German for "cleansed of Jews".</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Judensau" title="Judensau">Judensau</a></i> – Jew-pig, or Jew-sow. This was a long-standing German defamation against Jews that accuses them of learning the Talmudic religion from "kissing, sucking the teats, and eating the feces of a sow."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMichaelDoerr2002226_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMichaelDoerr2002226-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Judenstempel</i> – The "Jewish stamp" was an annotation affixed on German passports by Nazi authorities from 1938 that included a red “J”, identifying the holder as a Jew. By July 1941 a police ordinance required this J-stamp to be included on the passport's cover.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWalk1996344_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWalk1996344-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Judenstern –</i> <a href="/wiki/Yellow_badge" title="Yellow badge">Yellow badge</a> – a compulsory yellow <a href="/wiki/Star_of_David" title="Star of David">Star of David</a> badge worn on the arm or chest to identify Jews.</li> <li><i>Jüdische Grundspekulationsgesellschaften</i> – Hitler's slang term for Jewish property speculation companies.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jewish_parasite#National_Socialism" title="Jewish parasite">Jüdischer Parasit</a></i></li> <li><i>Jud Süß</i> (Jew Süss) – anti-Semitic pejorative used to associate the apostle <a href="/wiki/Judas" class="mw-redirect" title="Judas">Judas</a> with Jews. It was also the title of a 1940 German film <i><a href="/wiki/Jud_S%C3%BC%C3%9F_(1940_film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jud Süß (1940 film)">Jud Süß</a></i> notorious for its anti-Semitic propaganda.</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jugendschutzkammer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jugendschutzkammer (page does not exist)">Jugendschutzkammer</a></i> (Youth Protection Chamber) – organization for representing and adjudicating the rights of young people in Nazi Germany. Representation could be made available for youths filing complaints against teachers or parents, for instance.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Juliabkommen" title="Juliabkommen">Juliabkommen</a></i> (July Agreement) – settlement made by German ambassador to Vienna (<a href="/wiki/Franz_von_Papen" title="Franz von Papen">Franz von Papen</a>) and Austrian chancellor <a href="/wiki/Kurt_Schuschnigg" title="Kurt Schuschnigg">Kurt Schuschnigg</a> on 11 July 1936 to temper the foreign relations between Austria and Germany in the wake of an attempted Nazi Putsch during the summer of 1934. It was a precursor to further German imposition later by way of the <i><a href="/wiki/Anschluss" title="Anschluss">Anschluss</a></i>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/20_July_Plot" class="mw-redirect" title="20 July Plot">20 July Plot</a> – failed attempt on 20 July 1944 to assassinate Hitler and overthrow the Nazi regime, by Army officers led by <i>Oberst i. G.</i> <a href="/wiki/Claus_von_Stauffenberg" title="Claus von Stauffenberg">Claus von Stauffenberg</a> and <i>Generaloberst</i> <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Beck" title="Ludwig Beck">Ludwig Beck</a>; see <a href="/wiki/Operation_Valkyrie" title="Operation Valkyrie">Operation Valkyrie</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jungm%C3%A4delbund" title="Jungmädelbund">Jungmädel</a></i> (Young Girls) – organization for girls below the age of fourteen.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Deutsches_Jungvolk" title="Deutsches Jungvolk">Jungvolk</a></i> (Young People) – the junior division of the Hitler Youth which consisted of boys between 10 and 14 years of age.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="K">K</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_Nazi_Germany&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: K"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Kameradschafts- und Gemeinschaftsstärkung</i> – strengthening of comradeship and community; the Nazi Party's <i><a href="/wiki/Gleichschaltung" title="Gleichschaltung">Gleichschaltung</a></i> of social institutions.</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kampfbund_des_gewerblichen_Mittelstandes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kampfbund des gewerblichen Mittelstandes (page does not exist)">Kampfbund des gewerblichen Mittelstandes</a></i> (Militant Association of Retailers) – organization whose purpose was the opposition of retail chain stores which were thought to be under Jewish control.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kampfbund_f%C3%BCr_Deutsche_Kultur" class="mw-redirect" title="Kampfbund für Deutsche Kultur">Kampfbund für Deutsche Kultur</a></i> (League of Struggle for German Culture) – organization created in 1929, directed by <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Rosenberg" title="Alfred Rosenberg">Alfred Rosenberg</a> for the promotion of German culture based on Hitler's views and those of National Socialist ideologues. It promoted völkisch ideas and advocated the Nazi notion of <i><a href="/wiki/Gleichschaltung" title="Gleichschaltung">Gleichschaltung</a></i>.</li> <li><i>Kampfzeit</i> – "Struggle time". The NSDAP's term for the years between 1925 and 1933 in political opposition. Much glorified after 1933 as the heroic period of the NSDAP.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kanzlei_des_F%C3%BChrers" class="mw-redirect" title="Kanzlei des Führers">Kanzlei des Führers der NSDAP</a></i> ("Chancellery of the Führer of the Nazi Party"; abbreviated as KdF). The agency served as the private chancellery of <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a>, handling different issues pertaining to matters such as complaints against party officials, appeals from party courts, official judgments, clemency petitions by NSDAP members and Hitler's personal affairs.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kapo_(concentration_camp)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kapo (concentration camp)">Kapo</a></i><span class="anchor" id="kapo"></span> (Cabo) – <span class="anchor" id="kapo"></span> A privileged prisoner-work-squad leader, within the concentration camps, labor camps, and death camps; an overseer of the <i><a href="#sonder">Sonderkommando</a></i> laborers. Oftentimes criminals sent to the camps were assigned <i>kapo</i> duty. While on duty, they would often be issued a whip or nightstick. Generally they had a reputation for brutality.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katyn_Massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="Katyn Massacre">Katyn Massacre</a> – an incident blamed on the Nazis by Russian propaganda, which avowed that they (Russians) had discovered the mass grave of some 4,500 Polish officers. These officers were actually part of a group of 15,000 Poles who disappeared while in Soviet captivity in 1940 and whose whereabouts were unknown. The Soviet Union denied involvement in this atrocity until April 1990, when it was finally confirmed that the Polish officers had been executed during the early phase of the Nazi-Soviet collaboration. They were killed on Stalin's order.</li> <li><i>Keppler-Kreis</i> (<a href="/wiki/Keppler_Circle" class="mw-redirect" title="Keppler Circle">Keppler Circle</a>) – advisory committee formed in 1932 under Hitler's prodding and through the influence of chemical manufacturer <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Keppler" title="Wilhelm Keppler">Wilhelm Keppler</a> which consisted of leading economic figures (bankers, industrialists, and merchants) in Germany. The group was formed to provide economic advice to Hitler and the NSDAP, but Hitler manipulated the members and used these business leaders to help him seize absolute power.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kdf-Wagen" class="mw-redirect" title="Kdf-Wagen">Kdf-Wagen</a></i> – official name of the Type I <a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_Beetle" title="Volkswagen Beetle">Volkswagen Beetle</a>, a project of the <a href="/wiki/Kraft_durch_Freude" class="mw-redirect" title="Kraft durch Freude">Kraft durch Freude</a> program.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kehlsteinhaus" title="Kehlsteinhaus">Kehlsteinhaus</a><span class="anchor" id="Kehlstein"></span> – The "Eagle's Nest," Hitler's teahouse atop a mountain overlooking Obersalzberg, near Berchtesgaden. Not to be confused with the <a href="/wiki/Berghof_(residence)" title="Berghof (residence)">Berghof</a>. The Kehlsteinhaus was the Nazi Party's gift to Hitler on his fiftieth birthday in 1939.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kinder,_K%C3%BCche,_Kirche" title="Kinder, Küche, Kirche">Kinder, Küche, Kirche</a></i> – "Children, Kitchen, Church" (part of Hitler's co-ordination of every aspect of life to a state-sponsored orthodoxy) – slogan delineating the proper role of women in the Nazi State. Hitler said, "<a href="/wiki/National_Socialism" class="mw-redirect" title="National Socialism">National Socialism</a> is a male movement."</li> <li><i>Kindersegen</i> (Blessed with Children) – emotional term used by the Nazis to advocate the increase of the German birth rate. The expression accorded other Nazi initiatives like low-interest marriage loans, grants, additional family allowances and child subsidies. Special honors and awards were given out to mothers who contributed children to the Reich.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kirchenkampf" title="Kirchenkampf">Kirchenkampf</a></i> ('church struggle') – the conflict between German Christians and the dissenting Confessing Church for doctrinal and ecclesiastical control of Germany's Protestant church. It is also used to connote the struggle for independence between the German state and Christian churches both Protestant and Catholic.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kolberg_(film)" title="Kolberg (film)">Kolberg</a></i> – massively funded German propaganda film designed to commemorate the Prussian war against Napoleon in 1806–1807 during which the Prussians desperately "held down the fort" and was to symbolize the German struggle as it grew more desperate. The film finally premiered on 30 January 1945 and was viewed by very few people given the Allied bombing campaigns which were destroying the infrastructure in Germany and the mounting military losses.</li> <li><i>Kommandantur</i> – German for military <a href="/wiki/Headquarters" title="Headquarters">headquarters</a>. By <a href="/wiki/Metonymy" title="Metonymy">metonymy</a>, during the war it designated in occupied countries both the commands themselves, the buildings where they were located (often in castles or luxury hotels or other grand buildings), and the territories of different administrative levels under their control.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Commissar_Order" title="Commissar Order">Kommissarbefehl</a></i> – Direct order by Hitler issued to all German forces in the USSR at the beginning of Operation Barbarossa, to exterminate all red army commissars on capture. This was to be done by regular Wehrmacht units, and German allies in the USSR were aware and complicit of the order.</li> <li><i>Kontinentalimperium</i> – German World War II aim for achieving continental <a href="/wiki/Hegemony" title="Hegemony">hegemony</a> by territorial expansion into <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Europe" title="Eastern Europe">Eastern Europe</a>. Contrast <i>Kolonialimperium</i>, the exclusive aim for an overseas imperial domain.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Konzentrationslager" class="mw-redirect" title="Konzentrationslager">Konzentrationslager</a></i> <span class="anchor" id="KZ"></span>often abbreviated <i>KZ</i> for <a href="/wiki/Nazi_concentration_camps" title="Nazi concentration camps">concentration camp</a>. The correct abbreviation would be <i>KL</i>, but <i>KZ</i> was chosen for the tougher sound. Concentration camps were established for the internment of those who were declared "enemies of the <a href="/wiki/Volk" title="Volk">volk</a> community" by the <a href="/wiki/SS" class="mw-redirect" title="SS">SS</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kraft_durch_Freude" class="mw-redirect" title="Kraft durch Freude">Kraft durch Freude</a></i> (KdF) – "strength through joy", state-sponsored programs intended to organize people's free time, offering cheap holidays, concerts, other leisure activities, and (unsuccessfully) a car (Kdf-Schiff, <a href="/wiki/Kdf-Wagen" class="mw-redirect" title="Kdf-Wagen">Kdf-Wagen</a>). It was initially called <i>Nach der Arbeit</i>.</li> <li><i>Kreditschöpfungstheorie</i> – <a href="/wiki/Gregor_Strasser" title="Gregor Strasser">Gregor Strasser</a>'s idea for government spending and credit creation.</li> <li><i>Kreisauer Kreis</i> (<a href="/wiki/Kreisau_Circle" title="Kreisau Circle">Kreisau Circle</a>) – one of the principal opposition groups named after the estate of Helmuth Moltke (leading member) made up mostly of young intellectuals and aristocrats but also included a couple of Jesuit priests, Lutheran pastors, traditional conservatives, liberals, those who still supported the former Germany monarchy, prominent landowners, former trade-union leaders and foreign diplomats. They attempted to find a respectable <i><a href="/wiki/Coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="Coup d'état">coup d'état</a></i> which did not include Hitler's assassination since Moltke and many other members had Christian misgivings with this tactic. It was eventually infiltrated by the <a href="/wiki/Gestapo" title="Gestapo">Gestapo</a> and Moltke was arrested in January 1944.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kreisleiter" title="Kreisleiter">Kreisleiter</a></i> – Nazi Party leader of a Kreis (county).</li> <li><i>Kreis-Uschla</i> – an intermediate level of the four-tiered <a href="/wiki/USCHLA" class="mw-redirect" title="USCHLA">Uschla</a> system, immediately below the <i>Gau-Uschla</i> and immediately above the lowest-level <i>Orts-Uschla</i>.</li> <li><i>Kriegserlebnis</i> – (myth of the) war experience.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kriegsmarine" title="Kriegsmarine">Kriegsmarine</a></i>, "War Navy", one of the three official branches of the Wehrmacht.</li> <li><i>Kriegsschuldlüge</i> (War Guilt Lie) – term used by Nazis to denounce article 231 of the Treaty of Versailles which stipulated that Germany was guilty for the First World War and demanded that Germany pay massive war reparations. Hitler especially stressed the imposition resultant from the <i>Versaillesdiktat</i> in his speeches and writings.</li> <li><i>Kriegsverdienstkreuz</i> "<a href="/wiki/War_Merit_Cross" title="War Merit Cross">War Merit Cross</a>" – decoration for exceptional service not involving combat valor as was required for the Iron Cross. Awarded in three grades, 2nd Class, 1st Class, and Knight's Cross; with swords for frontline soldiers and without for rear-area personnel and civilians.</li> <li><i>Kriegsverdienstmedaille</i> "<a href="/wiki/War_Merit_Medal" title="War Merit Medal">War Merit Medal</a>" – decoration for meritorious civilian service to the war effort, generally awarded to factory workers.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kriminalpolizei_(Nazi_Germany)" title="Kriminalpolizei (Nazi Germany)">Kriminalpolizei</a></i> (Kripo) – "Criminal Police" – In Nazi Germany, it became the national Criminal Police Department for the entire Reich in July 1936. It was merged, along with the <a href="/wiki/Gestapo" title="Gestapo">Gestapo</a> into the Sicherheitspolizei (SiPo). Later in 1939, it was folded into the RSHA. The Kripo was also known as the "Reich Criminal Police Department", or RKPA.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kristallnacht" title="Kristallnacht">Kristallnacht</a> or <i>Reichskristallnacht</i> – <i>Crystal Night</i>; refers to the "Night of Broken Glass", November 9–10, 1938, when mob violence against Jewish people broke out all over Germany.</li> <li><i>Kunstbolschewismus</i> (Art Bolshevism) – derogatory catchword of Nazi propaganda, directed against modern and socially critical art. The term was applied by Hitler himself to painting, in particular: "The Bolshevism of art is the only possible cultural life form and spiritual expression of Bolshevism"; thus, the "officially recognized art" in Bolshevist states was represented by the "sickly outgrowths of insane and debilitated people that we have come to know since the turn of the [20th] century as Cubism and Dadaism" (<i><a href="/wiki/Mein_Kampf" title="Mein Kampf">Mein Kampf</a></i>). Also see: Kulturbolschewismus (<a href="/wiki/Cultural_Bolshevism" title="Cultural Bolshevism">Cultural Bolshevism</a>).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kursk" title="Kursk">Kursk</a> – city in central Russia; name of <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kursk" title="Battle of Kursk">the largest tank battle</a> (July 5–15, 1943) of the war during which Germany lost the military initiative in the Eastern campaign.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="L">L</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_Nazi_Germany&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: L"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/German_camp_brothels_in_World_War_II" title="German camp brothels in World War II">Lagerbordell</a></i> – "Camp bordello". A camp's on-site brothel where female forced sex workers were kept as a work-incentive for some <i>Kapos</i> and other favored prisoners.</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Landbund_(Nazi_organization)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Landbund (Nazi organization) (page does not exist)">Landbund</a></i> (Farmer's Association) – the most important and influential agricultural organization in Nazi Germany.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Landsberg_am_Lech" title="Landsberg am Lech">Landsberg am Lech</a></i> – small Bavarian city where the Landsberg castle (which was converted into a prison) was located. National Socialists revered this place since Hitler and his co-conspirators in the Munich <a href="/wiki/Beer_Hall_Putsch" title="Beer Hall Putsch">Beer Hall Putsch</a> were imprisoned together there. Not only that, Hitler also dictated his manifesto, <i>Mein Kampf</i> while incarcerated there. During the war there was a <a href="/wiki/Nazi_concentration_camp" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazi concentration camp">Nazi concentration camp</a> on the out-skirts of town. After the war ended, the Americans and Allied authorities sent war criminals judged at Nuremberg there to serve out their time and the camp was used as a <a href="/wiki/Displaced_persons_camps_in_post-World_War_II_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Displaced persons camps in post-World War II Europe">displaced person (DP) camp</a> until the autumn of 1950.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Landwirtschaftliche Gaufachberater</i> – Specialist agricultural advisors</li> <li><i>Landwirtschaftliche Vertrauensleute</i> (LVL) – Nazi Party agrarian agents; used to infiltrate other agricultural/husbandry/rural organizations to spread Nazi influence and doctrine.</li> <li><i>Landwirtschaftlicher Fachberater</i> – expert consultant on agriculture that was assigned to every NSDAP <i>Gau</i> and <i>Ort</i> unit.</li> <li><i>Landwirtschaftlicher Schlepper</i> – "agricultural hauler". Code name for the <i>Reichswehr's</i> clandestine light tank design; forerunner of the <a href="/wiki/Panzer_I" title="Panzer I">Panzer I</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lebensborn" title="Lebensborn">Lebensborn</a></i> – "Fountain of Life"; an SS organization founded by Himmler and intended to increase the birth rate of "Aryans" by providing unmarried mothers shelter in nursing homes so that they would not seek (illegal) abortions.</li> <li><i>lebensgesetzlich</i> ("In accordance with the laws of nature") – frequently used term by the Nazis to denote something as biologically determined.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lebensraum" title="Lebensraum">Lebensraum</a></i> – "Living space", specifically living space for ethnic Germans and generally referring to territories to be seized in Eastern Europe; see <i>Drang nach Osten</i>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lebensunwertes_Leben" class="mw-redirect" title="Lebensunwertes Leben">Lebensunwertes Leben</a></i> ('Life unworthy of life') – people with incurable mental health problems, serious birth defects and other health issues, which in the eyes of the Nazis meant they did not deserve to live. Many people were killed under these auspices.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Legion_Condor" class="mw-redirect" title="Legion Condor">Legion Condor</a></i> – German Army and Air Force "volunteers" sent to fight on the Nationalist side in the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Civil_War" title="Spanish Civil War">Spanish Civil War</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Leibstandarte_SS_Adolf_Hitler" class="mw-redirect" title="Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler">Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler</a></i> (LSSAH) – Hitler's SS bodyguard regiment, originally commanded by <a href="/wiki/Sepp_Dietrich" title="Sepp Dietrich">Sepp Dietrich</a>. By mid-1943 it had grown into a full Waffen-SS Panzer division known as "1st SS Panzer Division Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler".</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leichenkommando&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leichenkommando (page does not exist)">Leichenkommando</a></i> ('corpse commando') – concentration camp inmates tasked with collecting dead bodies.</li> <li><i>Leichttraktor</i> – "Light tractor". Code name for the <i>Reichswehr's</i> clandestine medium tank design.</li> <li><i>Leistungsgemeinschaft</i> – performance community; part of the Nazi <i>Gleichschaltung</i> of social institutions.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lichtenburg_concentration_camp" title="Lichtenburg concentration camp">Lichtenburg</a> – concentration camp near Kreis Torgau. It was closed down before the war and most of its inmates were sent to the concentration camps at either Buchenwald or Ravensbrück.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lidice" title="Lidice">Lidice</a> – small mining town near Prague which was razed in retaliation for the assassination of <a href="/wiki/Reinhard_Heydrich" title="Reinhard Heydrich">Reinhard Heydrich</a>, since members of the town 'allegedly' aided the conspirators. All 172 men and older boys in the town were shot before it was destroyed.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lieberose_forced_labor_camp" title="Lieberose forced labor camp">Lieberose</a> – forced labor camp just north of Cottbus in the vicinity of Brandenburg.</li> <li><i>liquidieren</i> ('liquidate') – the execution of political opponents by shooting. The term <i>liquidieren</i> literally refers to the conversion of goods to money or the dissolution of a business or financial interests.</li> <li><i>Luftschutzraum</i>, <i>Luftschutzkeller</i> – <a href="/wiki/Air-raid_shelter" class="mw-redirect" title="Air-raid shelter">air-raid shelter</a></li> <li><i>Luftsportverband</i> (League for Aeronautic Sport) – name for the group of clubs devoted to civilian flying endeavors, but ended up being used by <a href="/wiki/Hermann_G%C3%B6ring" title="Hermann Göring">Hermann Göring</a> to secretly train military pilots between 1933 and 1935.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Luftwaffe" title="Luftwaffe">Luftwaffe</a></i> – "Air force". The <a href="/wiki/Wehrmacht" title="Wehrmacht">Wehrmacht</a> air arm, officially founded 26 February 1935. Today, it is the air arm of the <i><a href="/wiki/Bundeswehr" title="Bundeswehr">Bundeswehr</a></i>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Luftwaffenhelfer" title="Luftwaffenhelfer">Luftwaffenhelfer</a></i> (Luftwaffe Helpers; Flak Helpers) – official NS term for students who manned anti-aircraft weapons, lighting, and warning systems against Allied air attacks.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCgenpresse" class="mw-redirect" title="Lügenpresse">Lügenpresse</a></i> – "Lying press". Pejorative term for anti-Nazi mass media.</li> <li><i>Luther-Deutsche</i> ('Luther Germans') – German Christians who, generally speaking, supported the Nazi regime wholeheartedly.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="M">M</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_Nazi_Germany&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: M"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Machtergreifung" class="mw-redirect" title="Machtergreifung">Machtergreifung</a></i> ('seizure of power') – along with <i>Machtübernahme</i> ('take-over power'), referred to the acquisition of full political power when Hitler assumed the role of Chancellor on 30 January 1933.</li> <li>Madagaskarplan – <a href="/wiki/Madagascar_Plan" title="Madagascar Plan">Madagascar Plan</a> – a scheme devised by the Nazis in 1940 to globally alleviate the perceived Jewish problem by shipping Jews en masse to the French colony known as the island of Madagascar. Instead of sending the Jews to Palestine, which the Nazis believed belonged to the Christians and Muslims, the idea was to hold them "hostage" so to speak, on Madagascar as a bargaining chip with the Americans. Financing this operation was to be conducted using funds forcibly appropriated from Jewish businesses, homes, and any other available capital assets in Jewish control. Since the plan rested on a peace treaty between France and by proxy, Britain, it was never implemented. This plan is sometimes cited by Nazi scholars of the "functionalist" school as proof that the original intention of the Nazis was not to systematically exterminate the Jews but merely to relocate them away from continental Europe.</li> <li>Maginotlinie – <a href="/wiki/Maginot_Line" title="Maginot Line">Maginot Line</a> – fortification system constructed by the French along the eastern border to Germany during the 1930s, which the Germans forces easily outflanked in 1940.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maidanek" class="mw-redirect" title="Maidanek">Maidanek</a> – <a href="/wiki/Extermination_camp" title="Extermination camp">extermination camp</a> in <a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_Poland_(1939%E2%80%931945)" title="Occupation of Poland (1939–1945)">occupied Poland</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Lublin" title="Lublin">Lublin</a>. Formerly a Nazi labor camp, Maidanek was transformed into an extermination facility (death camp) under the administrative leadership of <a href="/wiki/Odilo_Globocnik" title="Odilo Globocnik">Odilo Globocnik</a>. Ultimately, upwards of 1.5 million people were killed there, most by gassing.</li> <li><i>Maifeiertag</i> (May Holiday) – May 1; one of the most important Nazi holidays, co-opted from socialist movements, designed to celebrate and recognize laborers.</li> <li><i>Mann</i> – lowest rank in the SA and <a href="/wiki/Allgemeine-SS" class="mw-redirect" title="Allgemeine-SS">Allgemeine-SS</a>, equivalent to <a href="/wiki/Private_(rank)" title="Private (rank)">private</a>.</li> <li><i>Männerbund</i> – bond of men, a distinctly masculine mystique which became an essential part of SA ideology (see <a href="/wiki/Male_bonding" title="Male bonding">male bonding</a>).</li> <li><i>Marburger Rede</i> (Marburg Speech) – a speech made on 17 June 1934 by <a href="/wiki/Franz_von_Papen" title="Franz von Papen">Franz von Papen</a> at the University of Marburg, during which he criticized the Nazi regime, called for greater freedom in Germany, and questioned the course the Nazis were taking. The speech infuriated Hitler and placed him in disfavor with the dictator.</li> <li><i>Marsch auf die Feldherrnhalle</i> (March on the Feldherrnhalle) – annual memorial celebrated to commemorate the <a href="/wiki/9_November_1923_putsch" class="mw-redirect" title="9 November 1923 putsch">9 November 1923 putsch</a> by Hitler and Erich Ludendorff during which 16 National Socialists were killed. To honor them into the Nazi pantheon, their names were loudly called, a solemn affair accompanied by torchlight and rolling drums; one of many Nazi memorialization events designed to legitimize and celebrate the regime.</li> <li><i>Märzveilchen</i> – "March Violets." Those who joined the NSDAP after the <a href="/wiki/March_1933_German_federal_election" title="March 1933 German federal election"><i>Reichstag</i> elections of March 1933</a>. Generally, the "March Violets" were assumed to join the Party for opportunistic reasons only and were held in contempt by the <a href="/wiki/Alter_K%C3%A4mpfer" title="Alter Kämpfer">Old Fighters</a>. Also called <i>Märzgefallene</i> or "March casualties."</li> <li><i> <a href="/wiki/Mauthausen-Gusen_concentration_camp_complex" class="mw-redirect" title="Mauthausen-Gusen concentration camp complex">Mauthausen</a></i> – small town in upper Austria which was also the location of an infamous concentration camp designed to punish or re-educate political prisoners. Conditions were abysmal and people died of exposure and starvation there, as well as exhaustion since it was also affiliated with the granite mining operations of the German Earth and Stone Works, an SS company. Numerous forms of human experimentation occurred on healthy prisoners at the site as did euthanasia on those unable to work.</li> <li><i>Mehr sein als scheinen</i> "Be more than you appear to be." – Prussian motto applied to blades of uniform daggers worn by the <i>Nationalpolitsche Erziehungsanstalten</i>, or NPEA, the National Political Educational Establishment.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mein_Kampf" title="Mein Kampf">Mein Kampf</a></i> – "My Struggle", Adolf Hitler's autobiography and political statement.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Meine_Ehre_hei%C3%9Ft_Treue" title="Meine Ehre heißt Treue">Meine Ehre heißt Treue</a></i> "My honor is loyalty" – Motto applied to the belt buckles and the blades of uniform daggers worn by the <i>Schutzstaffel</i>, or <a href="/wiki/Schutzstaffel" title="Schutzstaffel">SS</a>. Based on Hitler's praise of the Berlin SS' conduct during the <a href="/wiki/Stennes_Revolt" class="mw-redirect" title="Stennes Revolt">Stennes Revolt</a></li> <li><i>Meier</i> – pejorative and humorous nickname for <a href="/wiki/Hermann_G%C3%B6ring" title="Hermann Göring">Hermann Göring</a> who on 9 August 1939 exclaimed that he could be called <i>Meier</i> should any enemy planes appear over Germany. His self-assurance of air-superiority became laughable once the Allied powers established air dominance and began methodically bombing Germany during World War II.</li> <li><i>Metallspende des deutschen Volkes</i> (Metal Donation of the German People) – program to collect various metals needed to support the German raw materials economy which was directed towards German armaments.</li> <li><i>Militärbefehlshaber</i> – military Governor, who was the (single) head of the executive in an occupied country (when no <i>Reichskommissar</i> was appointed).</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mischling" title="Mischling">Mischling</a></i> – used in reference to an individual with alleged partial Jewish ancestry; some were treated as full-blooded Jews, others were subject to various restrictions.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mit_brennender_Sorge" title="Mit brennender Sorge">Mit brennender Sorge</a></i> – An encyclical by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_XI" title="Pope Pius XI">Pope Pius XI</a> warning against the Nazis.</li> <li><i>Mittelbau</i> (Central Structure) – abbreviated code-name for <i><a href="/wiki/Dora-Mittelbau" class="mw-redirect" title="Dora-Mittelbau">Dora-Mittelbau</a></i> or <i><a href="/wiki/Mittelbau-Dora" class="mw-redirect" title="Mittelbau-Dora">Mittelbau-Dora</a></i>. It was an underground armament facility specifically designed to mass-produce the German <i><a href="/wiki/Wunderwaffe" title="Wunderwaffe">Wunderwaffen</a></i> ("wonder weapons") known as the V-1 and V-2 rockets free from Allied bombing attacks. <i>Mittelbau</i> was also considered a sub-camp to Buchenwald concentration camp since the majority of its forced laborers were from there. At its peak, 30,000 forced laborers worked in the facility.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mittelstand" title="Mittelstand">Mittelstand</a></i> – Germans in the middle-class economic sphere which was made up of independent shopkeepers and craftsmen and was credited (through propaganda) with empowering the Nazis.</li> <li>Münchner Abkommen – <a href="/wiki/Munich_Agreement" title="Munich Agreement">Munich Agreement</a> – an agreement reached between Great Britain, Germany, France, and Italy, signed in Munich on 29 September 1938, ceding the Czechoslovak <i>Sudetenland</i> to Germany.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muselmann" title="Muselmann">Muselmann</a> – KZ slang, "an inmate who had resigned himself to death and lost the will to do anything to help himself survive".</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cross_of_Honor_of_the_German_Mother" class="mw-redirect" title="Cross of Honor of the German Mother">Mutterkreuz</a></i> – see <i><a href="#EKDM">Ehrenkreuz der Deutschen Mutter</a></i>.</li> <li><i>Mythus des 20. Jahrhunderts, Der</i> (<a href="/wiki/Myth_of_the_Twentieth_Century" class="mw-redirect" title="Myth of the Twentieth Century">Myth of the Twentieth Century</a>) – polemical treatise written by Nazi ideologue <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Rosenberg" title="Alfred Rosenberg">Alfred Rosenberg</a> which espoused that all great culture in western civilization came from the minds of Germanic peoples but they had fallen in decline due to the negative influence of Jewish-based Christianity, Jesuits, Freemasons, and "conspirators of international Jewry". In his book, Rosenberg stressed that current and future struggles would not be ideological dogma, but blood against blood, and race against race for global dominance.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="N">N</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_Nazi_Germany&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: N"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Nacht_und_Nebel" title="Nacht und Nebel">Nacht und Nebel</a></i> – "Night and fog", code for some prisoners that were to be disposed of, leaving no traces.</li> <li><i>NaPoLa</i> – common abbreviation for <a href="/wiki/Nationalpolitische_Erziehungsanstalt" class="mw-redirect" title="Nationalpolitische Erziehungsanstalt">Nationalpolitische Erziehungsanstalt</a></li> <li><i>Nationalpolitische Erziehungsanstalt</i> – the National Political Educational Establishment, or NPEA.</li> <li><i>Nationalpreis für Kunst und Wissenschaft</i> – see <i><a href="/wiki/German_National_Prize_for_Art_and_Science" title="German National Prize for Art and Science">Deutscher Nationalpreis für Kunst und Wissenschaft</a></i>.</li> <li><i>Nationalsozialismus</i> (NS) – National Socialism, i.e., <a href="/wiki/Nazism" title="Nazism">Nazism</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/NSBO" class="mw-redirect" title="NSBO">Nationalsozialistische Betriebszellenorganisation</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/NSBO" class="mw-redirect" title="NSBO">NSBO</a>) – National Socialist Factory Cell Organization (Nazi Party labor union) which had a membership of approx. 400,000 workers by January 1933.</li> <li><i>Nationalsozialistische Briefe</i> – pro-labor publication launched by <a href="/wiki/Gregor_Strasser" title="Gregor Strasser">Gregor Strasser</a> and edited by <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Goebbels" title="Joseph Goebbels">Joseph Goebbels</a>.</li> <li><i>Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei</i> (<a href="/wiki/NSDAP" class="mw-redirect" title="NSDAP">NSDAP</a>) – the National Socialist German Workers' Party of Adolf Hitler: the <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Party" title="Nazi Party">Nazi Party</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nationalsozialistische_Frauenschaft" class="mw-redirect" title="Nationalsozialistische Frauenschaft">Nationalsozialistische Frauenschaft</a></i> (NSF) – "National Socialist Women's League" headed by <a href="/wiki/Gertrud_Scholtz-Klink" title="Gertrud Scholtz-Klink">Gertrud Scholtz-Klink</a>; founded in October 1931 as a fusion of several nationalist and national-socialist women's associations. It was designed to create women leaders and supervise indoctrination and training. It had 2 million members by 1938.</li> <li><i>National-Sozialistische Landpost</i> – NSDAP agricultural paper started by <a href="/wiki/Richard_Walther_Darr%C3%A9" title="Richard Walther Darré">Richard Walther Darré</a>.</li> <li><i>Nationalsozialistischer Lehrerbund</i> (NSLB) "<a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Teachers_League" title="National Socialist Teachers League">National Socialist Teachers League</a>" – mandatory teachers' union; in 1935 merged into the NSDDB.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_People%27s_Welfare" title="National Socialist People's Welfare"><i>Nationalsozialistische Volkswohlfahrt</i></a> (NSV) – NSDAP welfare organization founded in Berlin in September 1931. It acquired the official role in welfare and later on the <a href="/wiki/Racial_policy_of_the_Third_Reich" class="mw-redirect" title="Racial policy of the Third Reich">racial policy of the Third Reich</a>.</li> <li><i>Nationalsozialistischer Deutscher Dozentenbund</i> (NSDDB) – <a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_German_University_Lecturers_League" class="mw-redirect" title="National Socialist German University Lecturers League">National Socialist German University Lecturers League</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nationalsozialistischer_Deutscher_Studentenbund" class="mw-redirect" title="Nationalsozialistischer Deutscher Studentenbund">Nationalsozialistischer Deutscher Studentenbund</a></i> (NSDStB) – Nazi Students League, founded in 1926.</li> <li><i>Nationalsozialistisches Fliegerkorps</i> (NSFK) – <a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Flyers_Corps" title="National Socialist Flyers Corps">National Socialist Flyers Corps</a>. Flying "club" used to mask the training of future military pilots; closely affiliated to the SA and thus a rival to Göring's DLV.</li> <li><i>Nationalsozialistisches Kraftfahrkorps</i> (NSKK) – <a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Motor_Corps" title="National Socialist Motor Corps">National Socialist Motor Corps</a>. Originally the transport branch of the SA, the NSKK became the national organisation for the promotion of and training in motor vehicle operation and maintenance.</li> <li><i>Nazi</i> – a short term for <i><b>Na</b>tionalso<b>zi</b>alist</i>, i.e. a supporter of <a href="/wiki/Nazism" title="Nazism">Nazism</a> (National Socialism) or the <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Party" title="Nazi Party">Nazi Party</a>. It was contrasted with <i>Sozi</i>, which was used to refer to a <i><b>Sozi</b>alist</i>, i.e. a supporter of <a href="/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism">Socialism</a> or the <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Germany" title="Social Democratic Party of Germany">Social Democratic Party of Germany</a>. As an adjective, this short form is used more often in the English language than in German, in which the acronyms <a href="/wiki/Nazism" title="Nazism">NS</a> and <a href="/wiki/NSDAP" class="mw-redirect" title="NSDAP">NSDAP</a> for the ideology and the party, respectively, were and remain the preferred form. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nazism" title="Nazism">Nazism</a> – National Socialism; the ideology of the NSDAP (generally considered to be a variant of <a href="/wiki/Fascism" title="Fascism">Fascism</a> with racist and antisemitic components)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denazification" title="Denazification">denazification</a> (<i>Entnazifizierung</i>) – the process by which the Allied occupiers attempted to purge <a href="/wiki/History_of_Germany_(1945%E2%80%931990)" title="History of Germany (1945–1990)">post-war Germany</a> of remnants of the Nazi regime and Nazi philosophy</li> <li>ex-Nazis – former Nazis</li></ul></li> <li><i>Nazismus</i> – <a href="/wiki/Nazism" title="Nazism">Nazism</a>.</li> <li><i>Nebenland</i> ('borderland') – the <a href="/wiki/General_Government" title="General Government">General Government</a>'s legally vague status as an "ancillary region" of the German Reich that was neither fully within its boundaries nor accorded any clear political designation.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Negermusik" title="Negermusik">Negermusik</a></i> ('Negro Music') – derogatory term for Jazz and Swing that was performed by African-American musicians. Such music became banned publicly in Nazi Germany. See also <i>Swingjugend</i> (swing kids).</li> <li><i>Die <a href="/wiki/New_Order_(Nazism)" title="New Order (Nazism)">Neuordnung</a></i> – "The New Order"; the formation of a <a href="/wiki/Hegemony" title="Hegemony">hegemonial</a> <a href="/wiki/Empire" title="Empire">empire</a> in Europe in order to ensure the supremacy of Nazi Germany and the "<a href="/wiki/Nordic_theory" class="mw-redirect" title="Nordic theory">Nordic</a>-<a href="/wiki/Aryan_race#Nazism_and_Neo-Nazism" title="Aryan race">Aryan</a> <a href="/wiki/Master_race" title="Master race">master race</a>".</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Night_of_the_Long_Knives" title="Night of the Long Knives">Night of the Long Knives</a> – A/K/A "Operation Hummingbird", or more commonly used in Germany "Röhm-Putsch". It was the action that took place in Nazi Germany between June 30 and 2 July 1934 where Hitler and the SS murderously purged the ranks of the <a href="/wiki/Sturmabteilung" title="Sturmabteilung">Sturmabteilung</a> (SA).</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nordstern_(city)" title="Nordstern (city)">Nordstern</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Nazi_architecture" title="Nazi architecture">architectural project</a> to construct a new, exclusively <a href="/wiki/Germans" title="Germans">German-populated</a> metropolis and naval base close to the <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norwegian</a> city of <a href="/wiki/Trondheim" title="Trondheim">Trondheim</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/NSDAP" class="mw-redirect" title="NSDAP">NSDAP</a> – The formal abbreviation of the Nazi party's full name.</li> <li>NSDAP <i>Zentralkartei</i> – master file, containing approx. 7.2 million original and official individual German Nazi Party membership cards. Comprises two separate files. It is housed in the Berlin Document Center (BDC). <ul><li><i>Ortskartei</i> –</li> <li><i>Reichskartei</i> –</li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nur_f%C3%BCr_Deutsche" title="Nur für Deutsche">Nur für Deutsche</a></i> – "Only for Germans."</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_Rally" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuremberg Rally">Nuremberg Rallies</a> – <i>see <a href="#R">Reichsparteitag</a></i></li> <li><i>Nürnberger Gesetze</i>, <a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_Laws" title="Nuremberg Laws">Nuremberg Laws</a> – 1935 set of decrees which deprived Jews and perceived enemies of Nazi Germany of German citizenship, nullified and outlawed marriages between Jews and non-Jews and placed strict restrictions on Jewish lives and employment.</li> <li><i>Nürnberger Prozesse</i> – <a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_Trials" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuremberg Trials">Nuremberg Trials</a>, post war trials held by the allied nations in Nuremberg against the surviving Nazi leadership, part of <a href="/wiki/De-Nazification" class="mw-redirect" title="De-Nazification">de-Nazification</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="O">O</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_Nazi_Germany&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: O"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/SS-Oberabschnitt" class="mw-redirect" title="SS-Oberabschnitt">SS-Oberabschnitt</a></i> – SS region or regional headquarters.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Oberf%C3%BChrer" title="Oberführer">Oberführer</a></i> "senior leader" – an SA and SS rank, equivalent to Senior Colonel; originally called <i>Gauführer</i>, the SS or SA leader for a <i><a href="#Gau">Gau</a></i>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Obergruppenf%C3%BChrer" title="Obergruppenführer">Obergruppenführer</a></i> "senior group leader" – an SA and SS rank, equivalent to (US/UK) Lieutenant General.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Oberkommando_des_Heeres" title="Oberkommando des Heeres">Oberkommando des Heeres</a></i> (OKH) – "High Command of the Army" from 1936 to 1945.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Oberkommando_der_Wehrmacht" title="Oberkommando der Wehrmacht">Oberkommando der Wehrmacht</a></i> (OKW) – "High Command of the Armed Forces". The OKW replaced the War Ministry and was part of the command structure of the armed forces of Nazi Germany.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obersalzberg" title="Obersalzberg">Obersalzberg</a> – mountainside resort overlooking <a href="/wiki/Berchtesgaden" title="Berchtesgaden">Berchtesgaden</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Bavarian_Alps" title="Bavarian Alps">Bavarian Alps</a>, where Hitler purchased the <a href="/wiki/Berghof_(residence)" title="Berghof (residence)">Berghof</a> in 1933, and which became the country retreat of many Nazi leaders including <a href="/wiki/Martin_Bormann" title="Martin Bormann">Martin Bormann</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hermann_G%C3%B6ring" title="Hermann Göring">Hermann Göring</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Oberscharf%C3%BChrer" title="Oberscharführer">Oberscharführer</a></i> "senior squad leader" – an SA and SS rank, equivalent to sergeant (SA) or staff sergeant (SS).</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Oberste_SA-F%C3%BChrer" class="mw-redirect" title="Oberste SA-Führer">Oberste SA-Führer</a></i> "Supreme SA Leader" – commander of the <i><a href="/wiki/Sturmabteilung" title="Sturmabteilung">Sturmabteilung</a></i>; held by Hitler personally from September 1930.</li> <li><i>Oberstes Parteigericht</i> "Supreme Party Court" – successor organization to <a href="/wiki/USCHLA" class="mw-redirect" title="USCHLA">Uschla</a>, 1934 to 1945.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Oberstgruppenf%C3%BChrer" class="mw-redirect" title="Oberstgruppenführer">Oberstgruppenführer</a></i> "highest group leader" – an SS rank, equivalent to (US/UK) general.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Obersturmbannf%C3%BChrer" title="Obersturmbannführer">Obersturmbannführer</a></i> "senior <i>Sturmbann</i> (battalion) leader" – an SA and SS rank, equivalent to lieutenant colonel.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Obersturmf%C3%BChrer" title="Obersturmführer">Obersturmführer</a></i> "senior <i>Sturm</i> (company) leader" – an SA and SS rank, equivalent to first lieutenant.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Obertruppf%C3%BChrer" title="Obertruppführer">Obertruppführer</a></i> "senior troop leader" – an SA and early SS rank, equivalent to master sergeant.</li> <li><i>Ordensburgen</i> – NSDAP training schools.</li> <li><i>Ordnertruppen</i> – first name of the group created in the fall of 1920 by Hitler. <ul><li><i>Sportabteilung</i> – Sports section (SA); the second name of the group</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sturmabteilung" title="Sturmabteilung">Sturmabteilung</a></i> (SA) – Storm Detachment or Battalion, abbreviated SA and usually translated as stormtroop(er)s. NSDAP paramilitary group; the third name in late 1921</li></ul></li> <li><i>Ordnungsdienst</i> – <i>order service</i>, ghetto police made up of Jewish ghetto residents.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ordnungspolizei" title="Ordnungspolizei">Ordnungspolizei</a></i> (Orpo) "order police" – the regular uniformed police after their nationalization in 1936.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Organisation_Todt" title="Organisation Todt">Organisation Todt</a></i> – civil and military engineering group eponymously named after its founder, <a href="/wiki/Fritz_Todt" title="Fritz Todt">Fritz Todt</a>. Built the <a href="/wiki/Autobahn" title="Autobahn">Autobahns</a>, the Westwall (<a href="/wiki/Siegfried_Line" title="Siegfried Line">Siegfried Line</a>), the <i><a href="/wiki/Wolfsschanze" class="mw-redirect" title="Wolfsschanze">Wolfsschanze</a></i> and the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Wall" title="Atlantic Wall">Atlantic Wall</a>; notorious for its use of conscript and slave labor.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ortsgruppenleiter" title="Ortsgruppenleiter">Ortsgruppenleiter</a></i> – Nazi Party leader of a local branch.</li> <li><i>Orts-Uschla</i> – the lowest level of the four-level <a href="/wiki/USCHLA" class="mw-redirect" title="USCHLA">Uschla</a> system.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ostmark_(Austria)" title="Ostmark (Austria)">Ostmark</a></i> ("Eastern March") – designation used for <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a> as part of the <a href="/wiki/Third_Reich" class="mw-redirect" title="Third Reich">Third Reich</a> after the <a href="/wiki/Anschluss" title="Anschluss">Anschluß</a>. Changed to <i>Alpen- und Donaureichsgaue</i> in 1942 to further eradicate any notion of a separate Austrian state.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="P">P</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_Nazi_Germany&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: P"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Germanism" title="Pan-Germanism">Pan-Germanism</a> – Idea that all Germans should live in one country.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Panzerkampfwagen" class="mw-redirect" title="Panzerkampfwagen">Panzerkampfwagen</a></i> – "<a href="/wiki/Armoured_fighting_vehicle" title="Armoured fighting vehicle">Armoured fighting vehicle</a>" (i.e. <a href="/wiki/Tank" title="Tank">tank</a>); military vehicle not specific to Third Reich, but listed here for its centrality to <i>Blitzkrieg</i>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Panzerfaust" title="Panzerfaust">Panzerfaust</a></i> – "Armour fist"; an inexpensive, disposable, no-recoil anti-tank weapon of World War II and forerunner of the Soviet RPG (<a href="/wiki/Rocket-propelled_grenade" title="Rocket-propelled grenade">rocket-propelled grenade</a>).</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Panzerschreck" title="Panzerschreck">Panzerschreck</a></i> – An anti-tank weapon of World War II, based on the American <a href="/wiki/Bazooka" title="Bazooka">bazooka</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Parole_der_Woche" title="Parole der Woche">Parole der Woche</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Wall_newspaper" title="Wall newspaper">Wall newspaper</a> used to publicise Nazi causes.</li> <li><i>Partei-Statistik</i> – 1935 Nazi Party three-volume publication of membership data.</li> <li><i>Parteitag</i> – (NSDAP) Party (rally) days.</li> <li><i>Pipel</i> or <i>Pipele</i> – Among Nazi concentration camp detainees, an attractive young boy or teen who receives special favor and privileges by maintaining a relationship with another detainee of higher status, like a camp guard or a <i><a href="/wiki/Kapo" title="Kapo">Kapo</a></i>. It was largely known in the Camp system that quite a number of guards and <i>Kapos</i> abused their boys sexually.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELangbein2004405_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELangbein2004405-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Planwirtschaft</i> – A limited planned economy; <a href="/wiki/Walther_Funk" title="Walther Funk">Walther Funk</a> promoted this idea within the Nazi party who thought genuine corporatism too stifling for business growth.</li> <li><i>Plutokratie</i> – "<a href="/wiki/Plutocracy#As_a_propaganda_term" title="Plutocracy">Plutocracy</a>"; Nazi term for the western capitalist countries, especially the US and the UK.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pl%C3%B6tzensee" class="mw-redirect" title="Plötzensee">Plötzensee</a></i> – Notorious prison in Berlin where numerous opponents of Hitler and the Nazi regime were put to death.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Prinzenerlass" title="Prinzenerlass">Prinzenerlass</a></i> – 1940 decree by Hitler prohibiting members of Germanic royal families from working for the military.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Riese" title="Project Riese">Project Riese</a> – Code name for a construction project in 1943–1945, consisting of seven underground structures located in the <a href="/wiki/Owl_Mountains" title="Owl Mountains">Owl Mountains</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ksi%C4%85%C5%BC_Castle" title="Książ Castle">Książ Castle</a> in <a href="/wiki/Lower_Silesia" title="Lower Silesia">Lower Silesia</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Putsch" class="mw-redirect" title="Putsch">Putsch</a></i> – German word meaning <i>coup</i> or <i>revolt</i>; has also entered the <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English language</a> meaning the same.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Q">Q</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_Nazi_Germany&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Q"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Quasselbude</i> – Place where inconsequential talking occurs; derogatory for the parliament of the Weimar Republic</li> <li><i>Quatschbude</i> – "chatter shack", derogatory term for the Weimar parliament</li> <li><i>Querschlag</i> – Slanting strike, offset blow; or an element of a non-German race</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Quisling" title="Quisling">Quisling</a></i> – A pejorative meaning "traitor" during World War II, commonly used as an insult directed at a citizen who collaborated with the Germans in one of the conquered nations. The term was taken from <a href="/wiki/Vidkun_Quisling" title="Vidkun Quisling">Vidkun Quisling</a>, the pro-Nazi <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norwegian</a> leader.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="R">R</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_Nazi_Germany&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: R"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Rampenkommando</i> – ("ramp commando") A death camp, labor camp, or <a href="#KZ">concentration camp</a> worker – often drawn from among prisoner <a href="#kapo"><i>kapos</i></a> – tasked with working at the <a href="#Judenrampe"><i>Judenrampe</i></a> in order to unload the rail cars and to process the newly arrived internees toward sorting, property-confiscation, and pre-execution staging areas.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Race_(classification_of_human_beings)" class="mw-redirect" title="Race (classification of human beings)"><i>Rasse</i></a> – race.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_hygiene" title="Racial hygiene"><i>Rassenhygiene</i></a> – "Racial Hygiene" – the Nazi <a href="/wiki/Eugenics" title="Eugenics">eugenics</a> program – implemented to improve the <a href="/wiki/Nordic_race" title="Nordic race">Nordic</a> <a href="/wiki/Aryan_race" title="Aryan race">Aryan</a> <a href="/wiki/Master_race" title="Master race">master race</a> itself to the point where it could eventually become a <a href="/wiki/Super_race" class="mw-redirect" title="Super race">super race</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rassenschande" title="Rassenschande">Rassenschande</a></i> – ('racial shame'); sexual relations between an Aryan and a "non-Aryan" (including Jews, Gypsies, blacks and other persons of non-European origin), a practice banned by the <a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_laws" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuremberg laws">Nuremberg laws</a>.</li> <li><i>Rassenwahn</i> – racial madness.</li> <li><i>Rednerschule der NSDAP</i> – <a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Socialist_Speaker%27s_School&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Socialist Speaker's School (page does not exist)">National Socialist Speaker's School</a>.</li> <li><i>Regierungspräsident</i> – 'president' of a regional administration, in fact subordinate to the Nazi party's <i><a href="/wiki/Gauleiter" title="Gauleiter">Gauleiter</a></i>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reich" title="Reich">Reich</a> – Often translated as "Empire" or "State", perhaps the most accurate translation is "Realm".</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Reichsarbeitsdienst" class="mw-redirect" title="Reichsarbeitsdienst">Reichsarbeitsdienst</a></i> – State Labour Service, or RAD; 1931 formed as an auxiliary labour service, became 1935 obligatory (six month) for all men and women between 18 and 25 years.</li> <li><i>Reichsbauernführer</i> – National Farmers' Leader; title given to <a href="/wiki/Richard_Walther_Darr%C3%A9" title="Richard Walther Darré">Richard Walther Darré</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Reichsbevollm%C3%A4chtigter" class="mw-redirect" title="Reichsbevollmächtigter">Reichsbevollmächtigter</a></i> – Imperial <a href="/wiki/Plenipotentiary" title="Plenipotentiary">Plenipotentiary</a> in occupied territory.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Reichsbr%C3%A4uteschule" class="mw-redirect" title="Reichsbräuteschule">Reichsbräuteschule</a></i> – Reich Bride Schools.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Reichsbund_der_Deutschen_Beamten" title="Reichsbund der Deutschen Beamten">Reichsbund der Deutschen Beamten</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Reichsf%C3%BChrer-SS" title="Reichsführer-SS">Reichsführer-SS</a></i> – title held by head of the <i><a href="/wiki/Schutzstaffel" title="Schutzstaffel">Schutzstaffel</a></i> (SS). Equal on paper to the rank of Generalfeldmarschall, but in fact more akin to <i>Reichsmarschall</i> from 1942 onward for <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Himmler" title="Heinrich Himmler">Heinrich Himmler</a> (the fourth and longest serving SS leader) amassed ever greater power during that time.</li> <li>Reichsjägerhof – <ul><li>"Reichsjägerhof <a href="/wiki/Hermann_G%C3%B6ring" title="Hermann Göring">Hermann Göring</a>" – Göring's hunting lodge near Braunschweig</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reichsj%C3%A4gerhof_Rominten" title="Reichsjägerhof Rominten">Reichsjägerhof Rominten</a> Göring's hunting lodge in <a href="/wiki/East_Prussia" title="East Prussia">East Prussia</a>.</li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Reichskanzlei" class="mw-redirect" title="Reichskanzlei">Reichskanzlei</a></i> – "Reich Chancellery" was the traditional name of the office of the German Chancellor (Reichskanzler). In 1938, Hitler assigned his favourite architect <a href="/wiki/Albert_Speer" title="Albert Speer">Albert Speer</a> to build the <a href="/wiki/Reich_Chancellery#New_Reich_Chancellery" title="Reich Chancellery">New Reich Chancellery</a>, requesting that the building be completed within a year and it was done. Very near the complex was the underground <i><a href="/wiki/Vorbunker" title="Vorbunker">Vorbunker</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/F%C3%BChrerbunker" title="Führerbunker">Führerbunker</a></i>; the latter where Hitler committed suicide on 30 April 1945. The New Reich Chancellery had the address No. 6 Voßstrasse, a branch-off of the Wilhelmstrasse, where the Old <a href="/wiki/Reich_Chancellery" title="Reich Chancellery">Reich Chancellery</a> was located.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Reichskonkordat" title="Reichskonkordat">Reichskonkordat</a></i> (Reich Concordat) – agreement reached between the future Pope, Cardinal <a href="/wiki/Eugenio_Pacelli" class="mw-redirect" title="Eugenio Pacelli">Eugenio Pacelli</a> (Pius XII) and the Nazi government which was supposed to guarantee German citizens the right to practice their Catholic faith, safeguard church patronage in ecclesiastical affairs, uphold spiritual education, and protect religious property and communities throughout Germany in exchange for papal recognition and legitimization of the Nazi government. This agreement stabilized and sanctioned the Nazi regime, in a manner of speaking, while concomitantly preserving rights for the Catholic Church.</li> <li><i>Reichskriminalpolizeiamt</i> – Reich Criminal Police Department or RKPA; alternative name of <a href="/wiki/RSHA" class="mw-redirect" title="RSHA">RSHA</a> Amt V: <i><a href="/wiki/Kriminalpolizei" title="Kriminalpolizei">Kriminalpolizei</a></i>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Reichskommissar" title="Reichskommissar">Reichskommissar</a></i> – Imperial Commissioner, a type of governor in occupied territory.</li> <li><i>Reichskonferenz</i> – National Caucus; national caucuses held by the Austrian Deutsche Arbeiterpartei before World War I.</li> <li><i>Reichsleitung</i> – national leadership; members of the NSDAP Party Directorate. They all swore personal loyalty to the Führer.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_reichsmark" class="mw-redirect" title="German reichsmark"><i>Reichsmark</i></a> (ℛ︁ℳ︁) 'Mark of the Realm' – German monetary unit. 100 Reichspfennig = 1 Reichsmark.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Reichsmarschall" title="Reichsmarschall">Reichsmarschall</a></i> – "Marshal of the Realm", the highest rank in the German armed forces during World War II (held only by <a href="/wiki/Hermann_G%C3%B6ring" title="Hermann Göring">Hermann Göring</a>).</li> <li><i>Reichsministerium für Rüstung und Kriegsproduktion</i> – the Reich Ministry for Armaments and War Production, founded in 1942 by merging the earlier Ministry for Weapons and Munitions with <i><a href="/wiki/Organisation_Todt" title="Organisation Todt">Organisation Todt</a></i>; it was headed by <a href="/wiki/Albert_Speer" title="Albert Speer">Albert Speer</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Reich_Ministry_of_Public_Enlightenment_and_Propaganda" title="Reich Ministry of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda">Reichsministerium für Volksaufklärung und Propaganda</a></i> – The "<a href="/wiki/Reich_Ministry_of_Public_Enlightenment_and_Propaganda" title="Reich Ministry of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda">Reich Ministry of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda</a>", directed by <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Goebbels" title="Joseph Goebbels">Joseph Goebbels</a>, established to spread <a href="/wiki/Nazi_propaganda" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazi propaganda">Nazi propaganda</a>.</li> <li><i>Reichsmordwoche, Nacht der langen Messer</i> – "State Murder Week, <a href="/wiki/Night_of_the_Long_Knives" title="Night of the Long Knives">Night of the Long Knives</a>" of June–July 1934 during which Hitler assassinated hundreds of party-internal opponents, especially the SA, which was decapitated of its leadership.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_Rally" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuremberg Rally"><i>Reichsparteitage</i></a> – "State Party Days", referred to in English as the <a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_Rally" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuremberg Rally">Nuremberg Rallies</a>, Nazi party rallies, held annually in Nüremberg near the date of the <a href="/wiki/Autumn_equinox_(Northern_Hemisphere)" class="mw-redirect" title="Autumn equinox (Northern Hemisphere)">autumn equinox</a> before the outbreak of war in 1939. <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Goebbels" title="Joseph Goebbels">Joseph Goebbels</a> said of the Nuremberg Rallies, "The <a href="/wiki/F%C3%BChrer" title="Führer">Führer</a> and I consider ourselves <a href="/wiki/Artist" title="Artist">artists</a> and the <a href="/wiki/German_people" class="mw-redirect" title="German people">German people</a> are our canvas."</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Reichsprotektor" class="mw-redirect" title="Reichsprotektor">Reichsprotektor</a></i> – Ruling German representative in the Czech <a href="/wiki/Protectorate_Bohemia_and_Moravia" class="mw-redirect" title="Protectorate Bohemia and Moravia">Protectorate Bohemia and Moravia</a>.</li> <li><i>Reichsschrifttumskammer</i> – the Nazi Chamber of Literature. <a href="/wiki/Hanns_Johst" title="Hanns Johst">Hanns Johst</a> was president.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Reichssicherheitshauptamt" class="mw-redirect" title="Reichssicherheitshauptamt">Reichssicherheitshauptamt</a></i> – Reich Security Main Office or RSHA; an SS subsidiary organization made up of 7 main departments including, the intelligence & security forces and secret police forces for Germany and occupied territories; also oversaw the <a href="/wiki/Einsatzgruppen" title="Einsatzgruppen">Einsatzgruppen</a>. Originally led by <a href="/wiki/Reinhard_Heydrich" title="Reinhard Heydrich">Reinhard Heydrich</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Reichsstatthalter" title="Reichsstatthalter">Reichsstatthalter</a></i> – "<a href="/wiki/Stadtholder" title="Stadtholder">Stadtholder</a> of the Realm", i.e., Reich Governor; after the seizure of power in 1933, local governments were dissolved and the <i>Gauleiters</i> were appointed to govern the states with full powers.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Reichstag_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Reichstag (disambiguation)">Reichstag</a></i> – "Realm Diet (or Parliament)"; see <a href="/wiki/Reichstag_(building)" class="mw-redirect" title="Reichstag (building)">Reichstag (building)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reichstag_(Nazi_Germany)" title="Reichstag (Nazi Germany)">Reichstag (Nazi Germany)</a>.</li> <li><i>Reichstrunkenbold</i> – "Reich drunkard", derogative name secretly given to <a href="/wiki/Robert_Ley" title="Robert Ley">Robert Ley</a> whose alcoholism was widely known.</li> <li><i>Reichs-Uschla</i> – the highest level of the four-tiered <a href="/wiki/USCHLA" class="mw-redirect" title="USCHLA">Uschla</a> system, venued in Munich.</li> <li><i>Reichswasserleiche</i> – "Reich water corpse", nickname given to Swedish film actress <a href="/wiki/Kristina_S%C3%B6derbaum" title="Kristina Söderbaum">Kristina Söderbaum</a> due to a tendency of her characters in NS propaganda films such as <a href="/wiki/Jud_S%C3%BC%C3%9F_(1940_film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jud Süß (1940 film)">Jud Süss</a> to commit suicide by drowning.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Reichswehr" title="Reichswehr">Reichswehr</a></i> "national defense" – the armed forces of the <a href="/wiki/Weimar_Republic" title="Weimar Republic">Weimar Republic</a>, strictly limited under the <a href="/wiki/Versailles_Treaty" class="mw-redirect" title="Versailles Treaty">Versailles Treaty</a>. Renamed the <i><a href="/wiki/Wehrmacht" title="Wehrmacht">Wehrmacht</a></i> in 1935. The <i>Reichswehr</i> comprised: <ul><li>the Army, <i>Reichsheer</i></li> <li>the Navy, <i>Reichsmarine</i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Reichswerke_Hermann_G%C3%B6ring" title="Reichswerke Hermann Göring">Reichswerke Hermann Göring</a></i> – an industrial <a href="/wiki/Conglomerate_(company)" title="Conglomerate (company)">conglomerate</a> which absorbed the captured industrial assets of German-occupied countries. By the end of 1941 the Reichswerke became the largest company in Europe, with a capital of 2.4 billion ℛ︁ℳ︁ (equivalent to 10 billion 2021 euros) and about half a million workers.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Reinrassig" title="Reinrassig">Reinrassig</a></i> – a <a href="/wiki/Zoological" class="mw-redirect" title="Zoological">zoological</a> term meaning "of pure <a href="/wiki/Breed" title="Breed">breed</a>." Applied to <a href="/wiki/Human_races" class="mw-redirect" title="Human races">human races</a>, persons who could not prove their <a href="/wiki/Aryan_race" title="Aryan race">Aryan</a> ancestry could be considered <i>nicht reinrassig</i>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Restpolen" class="mw-redirect" title="Restpolen">Restpolen</a></i> ("remainder of <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a>") – parts of <a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_Poland_(1939-1945)" class="mw-redirect" title="Occupation of Poland (1939-1945)">occupied</a> <a href="/wiki/Second_Polish_Republic" title="Second Polish Republic">Poland</a> that were organized as the <a href="/wiki/General_Government" title="General Government">General Government</a> in September 1939.</li> <li><i>Resttschechei</i> ('remnants of the <a href="/wiki/Czech_lands" title="Czech lands">Czech lands</a>'<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or 'rump Czech state'<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) – (1) The <a href="/wiki/Second_Czechoslovak_Republic" title="Second Czechoslovak Republic">Second Czechoslovak Republic</a>, after the annexation of the <a href="/wiki/Sudetenland" title="Sudetenland">Sudetenland</a> in September 1938 (2) parts of <a href="/wiki/German_occupation_of_Czechoslovakia" class="mw-redirect" title="German occupation of Czechoslovakia">occupied</a> <a href="/wiki/Czechoslovakia" title="Czechoslovakia">Czechoslovakia</a> that were organized as the <a href="/wiki/Protectorate_of_Bohemia_and_Moravia" title="Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia">Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia</a> in March 1939.</li> <li><i>Revolution der Gesinnung</i> – revolution of attitude; the concept that the German people would not only develop a purified race but also a new mind and spirit. It was about, in Hitler's words, "to create a new man". (5)</li> <li><i>Righteous Gentiles</i> or <i><a href="/wiki/Righteous_Among_the_Nations" title="Righteous Among the Nations">Righteous Among the Nations</a></i> – non-Jews who risked their lives during the Holocaust in order to save Jews from murder by the Nazis. The secular award (discussed below) by the same name given by the State of Israel has often been translated into English as "Righteous Gentile."</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ritterkreuz_des_Eisernen_Kreuzes" class="mw-redirect" title="Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes">Ritterkreuz</a></i><span class="anchor" id="RK"></span>, in full <i>Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes</i>, "Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross" – Germany's second-highest military decoration, worn at the throat. Whereas the other grades of the <a href="#EK">Iron Cross</a> originated during the <a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars" title="Napoleonic Wars">Napoleonic Wars</a>, the <i>Ritterkreuz</i> was a Third Reich creation, a replacement for various royal orders like the <i><a href="/wiki/Pour_le_Merite" class="mw-redirect" title="Pour le Merite">Pour le Merite</a></i>. Successive awards were marked by the progressive addition of <i>Eichenlaub</i> (oakleaves), <i>Schwerten</i> (swords), and <i>Brillanten</i> (diamonds). A further degree, with Gold Oakleaves, Swords and Diamonds, was intended as a postwar honor for Germany's twelve greatest military heroes; one was awarded ahead of schedule to <a href="/wiki/Stuka" class="mw-redirect" title="Stuka">Stuka</a> ace <a href="/wiki/Hans-Ulrich_Rudel" title="Hans-Ulrich Rudel">Hans-Ulrich Rudel</a>.</li> <li><i>Ritterkreuzauftrag</i> "Knight's Cross job" – soldiers' slang for a suicidal mission.</li> <li><i>Ritterkreuzträger</i> – holder of the <a href="/wiki/Knight%27s_Cross" title="Knight's Cross">Knight's Cross</a>.</li> <li><i>Röhm-Putsch</i> – name used by the Nazis for the <a href="/wiki/Night_of_the_Long_Knives" title="Night of the Long Knives">Night of the Long Knives</a>, which they characterized as a foiled coup attempt by <a href="/wiki/Ernst_R%C3%B6hm" title="Ernst Röhm">Ernst Röhm</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Sturmabteilung" title="Sturmabteilung">SA</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rottenf%C3%BChrer" title="Rottenführer">Rottenführer</a></i> "team leader" – an SA and SS rank, equivalent to lance-corporal.</li> <li><i>Rückkehr unerwünscht</i> (abbreviated RU, "return unwanted") <span class="anchor" id="return_unwanted"></span> – a designation given to certain concentration camp prisoners who were forbidden to be released and whose death was desired.<sup id="cite_ref-Allan_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Allan-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/List_of_%22return_unwanted%22_concentration_camp_prisoners" title="List of "return unwanted" concentration camp prisoners">Some are listed here</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="S">S</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_Nazi_Germany&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: S"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>schaffendes und raffendes Kapital</i> "productive and greedy capital" – a contrast between two categories of capital, of whom the latter was seen as oriented in banking and stock trading and as the domain of the Jews. The distinction was first coined by Otto Glogau in an 1874 article for the magazine <i><a href="/wiki/Die_Gartenlaube" title="Die Gartenlaube">Die Gartenlaube</a></i> and subsequently reiterated by economist <a href="/wiki/Gottfried_Feder" title="Gottfried Feder">Gottfried Feder</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Widdig_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Widdig-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Scharf%C3%BChrer" title="Scharführer">Scharführer</a></i> "squad leader" – an SA and SS rank, equivalent to corporal (SA) or sergeant (SS).</li> <li><i>Schlageter</i> – a play written for Adolf Hitler about the Nazi <a href="/wiki/Martyr" title="Martyr">martyr</a> <a href="/wiki/Leo_Schlageter" class="mw-redirect" title="Leo Schlageter">Leo Schlageter</a> and performed for the <a href="/wiki/F%C3%BChrer" title="Führer">Führer</a> on his 44th birthday, April 20, 1933, to celebrate his accession to power on January 30 of that year. It was written by Nazi <a href="/wiki/Playwright" title="Playwright">playwright</a> and <a href="/wiki/Poet_laureate" title="Poet laureate">poet laureate</a> <a href="/wiki/Hanns_Johst" title="Hanns Johst">Hanns Johst</a>. In it, one of the characters, Thiemann, delivers the famous line "Whenever I hear the word '<a href="/wiki/Culture" title="Culture">culture</a>', I release the safety catch on my revolver."</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Beauty_of_Labour" title="Beauty of Labour">Schönheit der Arbeit</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Beauty_of_Labour" title="Beauty of Labour">Beauty of Labor</a> program.</li> <li><i>SS-<a href="/wiki/Sch%C3%BCtze" title="Schütze">Schütze</a></i> "rifleman" – lowest rank in the Waffen-SS, equivalent to private.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Schutzstaffel" title="Schutzstaffel">Schutzstaffel</a></i> <span class="anchor" id="ss"></span>(abbreviated <b>SS</b> or <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sig_runes.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Runic "↯↯""><img alt="Runic "↯↯"" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Sig_runes.svg/16px-Sig_runes.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Sig_runes.svg/24px-Sig_runes.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Sig_runes.svg/32px-Sig_runes.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="181" data-file-height="195" /></a></span>) – "Protection Squadron" was a major Nazi organization that grew from a small paramilitary unit that served as Hitler's personal body guard into militarily what was in practical terms the fourth branch of the Wehrmacht. It was not legally a part of the military (and therefore wore the national emblem on the left sleeve instead of over the right breast pocket). "SS" is formed from (<b>S</b>)chutz(<b>s</b>)taffel. Made up of the following branches: <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Allgemeine_SS" title="Allgemeine SS">Allgemeine SS</a></i> – "General SS", general main body of the Schutzstaffel made up of the full-time administrative, security, intelligence and police branches of the SS as well as the broader part-time membership which turned out for parades, rallies and "street actions" such as <i><a href="/wiki/Kristallnacht" title="Kristallnacht">Kristallnacht</a>;</i> also included reserve and honorary members</li> <li><i>SS-<a href="/wiki/Totenkopfverb%C3%A4nde" class="mw-redirect" title="Totenkopfverbände">Totenkopfverbände</a></i> – "Death's Head Units", responsible for the concentration camps</li> <li><i>SS-<a href="/wiki/Verf%C3%BCgungstruppe" class="mw-redirect" title="Verfügungstruppe">Verfügungstruppe</a></i> – military "dispositional" (i.e. at Hitler's personal disposal) troops organized by the SS in 1934</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waffen-SS" title="Waffen-SS">Waffen-SS</a> – "Armed SS", created in August 1940 with the amalgamation of the <i>Verfügungstruppe</i>, the <a href="/wiki/Leibstandarte_SS_Adolf_Hitler" class="mw-redirect" title="Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler">Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler</a> (LSSAH) and the combat <i>Standarten</i> of the <i>Totenkopfverbände</i></li></ul></li> <li><i>Das Schwarze Korps</i> – <i><a href="/wiki/The_Black_Corps" class="mw-redirect" title="The Black Corps">The Black Corps</a></i>; "theoretical" newspaper of the <a href="/wiki/SS" class="mw-redirect" title="SS">SS</a>.</li> <li><i>Selektion</i> – selection of inmates for execution or slave labor at an <a href="/wiki/Extermination_camp" title="Extermination camp">extermination</a> or <a href="/wiki/Concentration_camp" title="Concentration camp">concentration camp</a>.</li> <li><i>Septemberings</i> – Those who joined the NSDAP after the Party's breakthrough in the <i>Reichstag</i> elections of September 1930, but before Hitler became Chancellor in 1933.</li> <li><i>Siberiakentum</i> – ('Siberiandom') the annihilation of the <a href="/wiki/Polish_people" title="Polish people">Polish people</a> by their forceful assimilation into the native populations of <a href="/wiki/Siberia" title="Siberia">Siberia</a> in the intended event of their wholesale expulsion to this region.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sicherheitsdienst" title="Sicherheitsdienst">Sicherheitsdienst</a></i> (SD) "Security Service" – the intelligence arm of the SS and later a main department of the RSHA.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sicherheitspolizei" title="Sicherheitspolizei">Sicherheitspolizei</a></i> (SiPo) "Security Police" – the combined forces of the Gestapo and Kripo.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sieg_Heil" class="mw-redirect" title="Sieg Heil">Sieg Heil</a>!</i> – "Hail Victory!" mass exclamation when bringing the <i><a href="/wiki/Nazi_salute" title="Nazi salute">Hitlergruß</a></i> (Hitler Salute).</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sig_Rune" class="mw-redirect" title="Sig Rune">Sig Rune</a></i> "S rune" – The letter from the <a href="/wiki/Runic_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Runic alphabet">runic alphabet</a> popularized in the <a href="/wiki/Schutzstaffel" title="Schutzstaffel">SS</a> emblem (<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sig_runes.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Runic "↯↯""><img alt="Runic "↯↯"" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Sig_runes.svg/16px-Sig_runes.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Sig_runes.svg/24px-Sig_runes.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Sig_runes.svg/32px-Sig_runes.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="181" data-file-height="195" /></a></span>) and other insignia.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sippenhaft" title="Sippenhaft">Sippenhaft</a></i> – the principle of families sharing the responsibility for a crime committed by one of its members.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sobibor" class="mw-redirect" title="Sobibor">Sobibor</a> – extermination camp which began operations sometime during 1942 in the south of Poland near Lublin where approximately 250,000 Jews and other deported prisoners were murdered.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sonderaktion_1005" title="Sonderaktion 1005">Sonderaktion 1005</a></i> – ("Special action 1005"), also called <i>Aktion 1005</i> ("Action 1005") or 'Enterdungsaktion<i> ("exhuming action"). See above </i><a href="#1005">Aktion 1005</a><i>.</i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sonderbehandlung" title="Sonderbehandlung">Sonderbehandlung</a></i> – "Special handling" or "special treatment" – a euphemism for killing.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sonderkraftfahrzeug" class="mw-redirect" title="Sonderkraftfahrzeug">Sonderkraftfahrzeug</a></i> (Sd.Kfz.) "special purpose motor vehicle" – all tanks and other military vehicles were assigned an Sd.Kfz. number.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sonderkommando" title="Sonderkommando">Sonderkommando</a></i> <span class="anchor" id="sonder"></span> – "Special commando" – originally used mainly for actual special-task troops in the Waffen SS. However, the term was quickly put to facetious use at the concentration camps, labor camps, and death camps as the euphemism for the prisoner-laborers forced to do jobs like stoking the crematoria, shaving newcomers' hair, processing seized belongings, helping unload trains, and removing corpses from gas chambers. Such laborers were told they could live in exchange for their efforts, but were regularly killed off and replaced. When working in their civilian clothes, such laborers would at times wear a color-coded armband to distinguish them from new arrivals – perhaps one color for the crew unloading the trains and herding new arrivals to the undressing area, a different color for the crew that sorted belongings, etc. They might also wear the familiar striped prisoner suits similar to those used by the slave laborers. Digits appended to the word <i>Sonderkommando</i> denoted prisoner-laborers attached to a specific "special action". For example, see <i>Sonderkommando 1005</i> in <i><a href="#1005">Aktion 1005</a></i> above. Work gang leaders were called <i><a href="#kapo">kapos</a></i>.</li> <li><i>Sprachregelung</i> <span class="anchor" id="spg"></span>– a special language that masked the camp conditions and the policy of extermination. It substituted words like "extermination", "killing", "liquidation" with euphemisms such as "final solution", "evacuation", "special treatment", "resettlement", "labour in the East". The language was developed to deceive victims and help SS officials and others avoid acknowledging reality.(2)</li> <li><i>Sprechabend</i> – closed Nazi party meetings.</li> <li><i>SS</i> or <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sig_runes.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Runic "↯↯""><img alt="Runic "↯↯"" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Sig_runes.svg/16px-Sig_runes.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Sig_runes.svg/24px-Sig_runes.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Sig_runes.svg/32px-Sig_runes.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="181" data-file-height="195" /></a></span> – Abbreviation and emblem of the Schutzstaffel ("Protection Squadron"). See above: <a href="#ss">Schutzstaffel</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/SS_and_Police_Leader" class="mw-redirect" title="SS and Police Leader">SS- und Polizeiführer</a></i>, SS and Police Leader – these powerful officials, reporting directly to Himmler, commanded all SS and police forces within a geographic region, which together covered the Reich and the occupied territories. <ul><li>SS- und Polizeiführer (SSPF)</li> <li>Höher SS- und Polizeiführer (HSSPF), Higher SS and Police Leader</li> <li>Höchste SS- und Polizeiführer (HöSSPF), Highest SS and Police Leader</li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Stabschef_(SA)" class="mw-redirect" title="Stabschef (SA)">Stabschef-SA</a></i> Chief of Staff or deputy commander of the <i><a href="/wiki/Sturmabteilung" title="Sturmabteilung">Sturmabteilung</a></i>; effectively the SA commander after 1930.</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stabsscharf%C3%BChrer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stabsscharführer (page does not exist)">Stabsscharführer</a></i> "staff squad leader" – a Waffen-SS position (not a rank): the senior NCO in a company, functionally equivalent to a US first sergeant or UK company sergeant major.</li> <li><i>Staffel</i> "squadron" – the basic formation of the early SA 1925–28. Also <a href="/wiki/Organization_of_the_Luftwaffe_(1933%E2%80%9345)#Staffel" class="mw-redirect" title="Organization of the Luftwaffe (1933–45)">used by the Luftwaffe</a> and the cavalry.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Staffelf%C3%BChrer" title="Staffelführer">Staffelführer</a></i> "squadron leader" – very early SA and SS rank. Also a rank in the <a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Motor_Corps" title="National Socialist Motor Corps">NSKK</a>, equivalent to <a href="/wiki/Major_(rank)" title="Major (rank)">major</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Der_Stahlhelm,_Bund_der_Frontsoldaten" title="Der Stahlhelm, Bund der Frontsoldaten">Der Stahlhelm</a></i> "The Steel helmet" – right-wing World War I veterans' organization; merged into the SA in 1933.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Standarte_(Nazi_Germany)" title="Standarte (Nazi Germany)">Standarte</a></i> – regiment-sized unit of the SA, <i>Allgemeine-SS</i> and <i>Totenkopfverbände</i>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Standartenf%C3%BChrer" title="Standartenführer">Standartenführer</a></i> "<i>Standarte</i> leader" – an SA and SS rank, equivalent to colonel.</li> <li><i>Ständesozialismus</i> – corporative (or "corporate") socialism; promoted by O. W. Wagener, sometime head of the political economy section of the party organization.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Deputy_F%C3%BChrer" class="mw-redirect" title="Deputy Führer">Stellvertreter des Führers</a></i> "Deputy of the Führer" – title of the deputy head of the <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Party" title="Nazi Party">Nazi Party</a>, held by <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Hess" title="Rudolf Hess">Rudolf Hess</a> until 1941 when he was replaced by <a href="/wiki/Martin_Bormann" title="Martin Bormann">Martin Bormann</a> under the new title of <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Party_Chancellery" title="Nazi Party Chancellery">Party Chancellor</a> after the former's unauthorized flight to Great Britain.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Stennes_Revolt" class="mw-redirect" title="Stennes Revolt">Stennes-Putsch</a></i> – the revolt in 1930 and again in 1931 by the Berlin <a href="/wiki/Sturmabteilung" title="Sturmabteilung">SA</a>, commanded by <a href="/wiki/Walter_Stennes" title="Walter Stennes">Walter Stennes</a>, in which they attacked and briefly occupied the headquarters of <a href="/wiki/Gauleiter" title="Gauleiter">Gauleiter</a> <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Goebbels" title="Joseph Goebbels">Joseph Goebbels</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Star_of_the_Grand_Cross_of_the_Iron_Cross" title="Star of the Grand Cross of the Iron Cross">Stern zum Großkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes</a></i><span class="anchor" id="SGK"></span>, Star of the <a href="#GK">Grand Cross of the Iron Cross</a> – Germany's ultimate military decoration, a unique honor for the greatest commander in a war. Awarded only twice, to <a href="/wiki/Gebhard_Leberecht_von_Bl%C3%BCcher" title="Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher">Blücher</a> in 1813 and to <a href="/wiki/Paul_von_Hindenburg" title="Paul von Hindenburg">Hindenburg</a> in 1918; the Star of 1939 was created but never awarded, and is now at <a href="/wiki/United_States_Military_Academy" title="United States Military Academy">West Point</a>.</li> <li><i>Stoßtrupp</i> "shock troop" – Hitler's body guard unit before the <i>Hitlerputsch</i>; forerunner to the SS.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strasser_wing" class="mw-redirect" title="Strasser wing">Strasser wing</a> – named after Gregor Strasser, who led the left wing of the Nazi Party.</li> <li><i>Stück</i> – "sticks" or pieces, items. The term could mean sticks of firewood or pieces of bread or cake. In the Nazi era, a <a href="#spg"><i>Sprachregelung</i></a> term for Jews and other "undesirables" meant to dehumanize such people. Example: "<i>1000 Stück Juden in den Osten deportiert</i>" ("1000 Jewish pieces deported to the east") – not meaning items of personal property of Jewish ownership, but rather referring to the Jews themselves as "pieces".</li> <li><i>Sturm</i> – company-sized SA or SS unit.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sturmabteilung" title="Sturmabteilung">Sturmabteilung</a></i> (SA) "Storm Detachment" or "Battalion" – the Stormtroopers, a Nazi paramilitary organisation that was instrumental in bringing Hitler to power; nicknamed the Brownshirts (<i>Braunhemden</i>) after their uniforms. The name originated with the Army's special assault battalions of World War I.</li> <li><i>Sturmbann</i> "storm band" or "band of <i>Stürme</i>" – battalion-sized SA or SS unit.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sturmbannf%C3%BChrer" title="Sturmbannführer">Sturmbannführer</a></i> "storm band leader" – an SA and SS rank, equivalent to major.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Der_St%C3%BCrmer" title="Der Stürmer">Der Stürmer</a></i> – a weekly anti-Semitic newspaper founded by <a href="/wiki/Julius_Streicher" title="Julius Streicher">Julius Streicher</a> known for its lurid semi-pornographic content.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sturmf%C3%BChrer" title="Sturmführer">Sturmführer</a></i> "storm leader" – an SA and early SS rank, equivalent to 2nd lieutenant.</li> <li><i>Sturmgewehr</i> "storm gun" – the <a href="/wiki/StG_44" title="StG 44">StG 44</a>, a model of assault rifle in service from 1942 to 1945, of a class ordinarily designated "Maschinenpistole".</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sturmhauptf%C3%BChrer" title="Sturmhauptführer">Sturmhauptführer</a></i> "storm chief leader" – an SA and early SS rank, equivalent to <a href="/wiki/Captain" title="Captain">captain</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sturmmann" title="Sturmmann">Sturmmann</a></i> "storm trooper" – an SA and SS rank, equivalent to a <a href="/wiki/Lance_corporal" title="Lance corporal">lance corporal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sturmscharf%C3%BChrer" title="Sturmscharführer">Sturmscharführer</a></i> "storm squad leader" – the highest NCO rank in the Waffen-SS, equivalent to (US) <a href="/wiki/Sergeant_major" title="Sergeant major">sergeant major</a> or (UK) RSM.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sudetenland" title="Sudetenland">Sudetenland</a></i> – the mountainous region lying between Bohemia and Silesia whose people were German speakers. This region of the former Czechoslovakia contained over 3 million "ethnic" Germans. Difficulties in the <i>Sudetenland</i> were used as a pretext for annexation by Hitler shortly in the wake of the Austrian <i>Anschluß</i> of 1938. At the <a href="/wiki/Munich_Conference" class="mw-redirect" title="Munich Conference">Munich Conference</a>, British Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Neville_Chamberlain" title="Neville Chamberlain">Neville Chamberlain</a> (1937–1940) was duped by the Führer and pursued a policy of appeasement which recognized Germany's claims. The British Prime Minister incorrectly believed it would mean, `peace in our time', a statement he embarrassingly made before the British Press. Chamberlain was wrong about the intentions of the Nazis, and the <i>Sudetenland</i> became his greatest gaffe as Hitler invaded the rest of Czechoslovakia in 1939, precipitating the Second World War.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Swing_Kids" class="mw-redirect" title="Swing Kids">Swingjugend</a></i> – "<a href="/wiki/Swing_Kids" class="mw-redirect" title="Swing Kids">Swing Kids</a>" – young <a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">jazz</a> and <a href="/wiki/Swing_(genre)" class="mw-redirect" title="Swing (genre)">Swing</a> lovers in 1930s Germany, mainly in <a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a> and <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>, who rebelled against the regime by gathering in various venues, such as certain <a href="/wiki/Dance_hall" title="Dance hall">dance halls</a> and <a href="/wiki/Caf%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Café">cafés</a>, to dance the <a href="/wiki/Jitterbug" title="Jitterbug">jitterbug</a> to <a href="/wiki/Swing_music" title="Swing music">swing music</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="T">T</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_Nazi_Germany&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: T"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Taifun</i> – ("Typhoon"), the code name given to the military assault of Moscow late in 1941.</li> <li><i>Tausendjähriges Reich</i> – ("Thousand-Year Reich"), name popularly used by the Nazis to refer to the Nazi state. Its <a href="/wiki/Millennialism" title="Millennialism">millennial</a> connotations suggested that its society would last for a thousand years to come.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Abel_papers" class="mw-redirect" title="Theodore Abel papers">Theodore Abel papers</a></i> – a collection of Nazi autobiographies.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Theresienstadt" class="mw-redirect" title="Theresienstadt">Theresienstadt</a></i> – a concentration camp approximately 35 miles (56 km) outside of Prague which was used to showcase a sanitized version of the <a href="/wiki/Final_solution" class="mw-redirect" title="Final solution">final solution</a> to the world, especially the Red Cross, acquired a reputation for being more "humane" than other camps. Following the Allied victory, this myth was shattered since it was frequently employed as a transit stop for Jews headed to Treblinka or Auschwitz.</li> <li><i>Thule-Gesellschaft</i> – "<a href="/wiki/Thule_Society" title="Thule Society">Thule Society</a>". One of the precursors to the Nazi Party in the early 1920s. The Nazis sought themes for their ideology in the <a href="/wiki/Occult" title="Occult">occult</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Germanic_peoples" title="Germanic peoples">Germanic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Northern_Europe" title="Northern Europe">Nordic</a> traditions.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Totaleinsatz" title="Totaleinsatz">Totaleinsatz</a></i> – the 400,000 <a href="/wiki/Protectorate_of_Bohemia_and_Moravia" title="Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia">Czechs</a> conscripted for forced labor in the Reich. They were treated much better than workers from other Slavic countries.</li> <li><i>Totenbuch</i> – (death book), a book found at a concentration camp which categorized incoming inmates and served to catalogue the deaths and was used to track the total number of people exterminated.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Totenkopf" title="Totenkopf">Totenkopf</a></i> "death's head" – human-skull emblem worn by members of the <a href="/wiki/Schutzstaffel" title="Schutzstaffel">SS</a>, and also by Heer (German Army) and Luftwaffe panzer crews, thought to symbolise loyalty beyond death. Not specific to the Third Reich, and previously used by Prussian cavalry units and the World War I Imperial Tank Corps. Also the specific name for both the <i><a href="/wiki/Waffen-SS" title="Waffen-SS">Waffen-SS</a></i> <a href="/wiki/3rd_SS_Panzer_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="3rd SS Panzer Division">3rd SS Panzer Division</a> armored unit, and the Luftwaffe's <i><a href="/wiki/Kampfgeschwader_54" title="Kampfgeschwader 54">Kampfgeschwader 54</a></i> medium bomber wing.</li> <li><i>Totenkopf-Standarten</i> – Regiment-sized field formations of the <i><a href="/wiki/Totenkopfverb%C3%A4nde" class="mw-redirect" title="Totenkopfverbände">Totenkopfverbände</a></i>. They were merged into the <a href="/wiki/Waffen-SS" title="Waffen-SS">Waffen-SS</a> in August 1940.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Totenkopfverb%C3%A4nde" class="mw-redirect" title="Totenkopfverbände">Totenkopfverbände</a></i> "Death's Head Units" – The branch of the SS responsible for the concentration camps, as well as many of the <i><a href="/wiki/Einsatzgruppen" title="Einsatzgruppen">Einsatzgruppen</a></i> death squads. The <a href="/wiki/3rd_SS_Division_Totenkopf" class="mw-redirect" title="3rd SS Division Totenkopf">3rd SS Division Totenkopf</a> was formed by men from the <i>Totenkopfverbände</i>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Totenkopfverb%C3%A4nde" class="mw-redirect" title="Totenkopfverbände">Totenkopf-Wachsturmbanne</a></i> "Death's Head Guard Battalions" – official name of concentration camp guard units.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treblinka" class="mw-redirect" title="Treblinka">Treblinka</a> – located along the <a href="/wiki/Bug_(river)" title="Bug (river)">Bug River</a> in Poland and about 75 miles (121 km) from Warsaw, Treblinka was the second <i>Vernichtungslager</i> (extermination camp) after Auschwitz. Upwards of 700,000 victims were murdered at Treblinka. The camp was never intended for slave labor or any other Nazi endeavor, as its sole purpose remained murder.</li> <li><i>Treuhänder der Arbeit</i> – <a href="/wiki/Trustee_of_Labour" title="Trustee of Labour">Trustees of Labour</a>, government-appointed officials in charge of labour relations that were responsible for regulating employment contracts and maintaining industrial peace. They replaced collective bargaining and their decisions were legally binding.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Triumph_des_Willens" class="mw-redirect" title="Triumph des Willens">Triumph des Willens</a></i> – <i><a href="/wiki/Triumph_des_Willens" class="mw-redirect" title="Triumph des Willens">Triumph of the Will</a></i> – A famous <a href="/wiki/Nazi_propaganda" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazi propaganda">Nazi propaganda</a> <a href="/wiki/Film" title="Film">film</a>, directed by <a href="/wiki/Leni_Reifenstahl" class="mw-redirect" title="Leni Reifenstahl">Leni Riefenstahl</a>.</li> <li><i>Truppenamt</i> "Troop Office" – the cover name of the <i><a href="/wiki/Reichswehr" title="Reichswehr">Reichswehr</a>'s</i> clandestine General Staff, illegal under the <a href="/wiki/Versailles_Treaty" class="mw-redirect" title="Versailles Treaty">Versailles Treaty</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Truppf%C3%BChrer" title="Truppführer">Truppführer</a></i> "troop leader" – an SA and early SS rank, equivalent to staff sergeant.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="U">U</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_Nazi_Germany&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: U"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Cbermensch" title="Übermensch">Übermensch</a></i> – <span class="anchor" id="uberm"></span> "over-human" or "higher human" – an idea <a href="/wiki/%C3%9Cbermensch#Use_by_the_Nazis" title="Übermensch">appropriated from the work of Friedrich Nietzsche</a> and used by Nazis to label the Germanic "Aryan" people which Nazis considered racially and culturally superior. The "<a href="/wiki/Master_race" title="Master race">master race</a>". (Opposite of <a href="#unterm"><i>Untermensch</i></a>).</li> <li><i>Überwachungsdienst</i> – surveillance service of the aA to protect the organization against <i>Konjunkturritter</i> (financial opportunists).</li> <li><i>Unzuverlässige Elemente</i> – "unreliable societal elements", nazi term for their adversaries, such as Jews, communists, and homosexuals.</li> <li><i>Umschlagplatz</i> – (lit. "changing place") place of assembly. Jewish police were told to collect Jews and bring them to this designated spot for pick up and transfer to the trains that would usually transport them to camps (labor or extermination)</li> <li><i>Umsiedlersonderzug</i> – (lit. "re-settler special train") "Relocation" train – actually a one-way transport by which Jews and others were moved to camps (labor, concentration and extermination camps). The term appears on some period railroad documents (<a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-C0509-0049-012,_KZ,_Fahrplananordnung.jpg" title="File:Bundesarchiv Bild 183-C0509-0049-012, KZ, Fahrplananordnung.jpg">example</a>).</li> <li><i>Umvolkung</i> – ethnic dissemination.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Untermensch" title="Untermensch">Untermensch</a></i> – <span class="anchor" id="unterm"></span> "under-human" or lower human, subhuman. Label Nazis assigned to ethnographic groups they considered racially inferior to the "Aryans". Under Nazi racial theory and practice, such "subhumans" could be exploited, abused, and murdered with <a href="/wiki/Impunity" title="Impunity">impunity</a>. (Opposite of <a href="#uberm"><i>Übermensch</i></a>).</li> <li><i>Unternehmen Walküre</i> "<a href="/wiki/Operation_Valkyrie" title="Operation Valkyrie">Operation Valkyrie</a>" – Originally a Replacement Army emergency plan for maintaining order in the event of an internal revolt, it was used as a pretext by a group of officers led by <i>Generaloberst</i> <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Beck" title="Ludwig Beck">Ludwig Beck</a>, <i>General d. I.</i> <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Olbricht" title="Friedrich Olbricht">Friedrich Olbricht</a> and <i>Oberst i. G.</i> <a href="/wiki/Claus_von_Stauffenberg" title="Claus von Stauffenberg">Claus von Stauffenberg</a> to execute a plan to overthrow the Nazi regime following their assassination of Adolf Hitler. Launched on 20 July 1944, the assassination failed and resulted in some 5,000 executions.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Unterscharf%C3%BChrer" title="Unterscharführer">Unterscharführer</a></i> "junior squad leader" – an SS rank, equivalent to <a href="/wiki/Corporal" title="Corporal">corporal</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Untersturmf%C3%BChrer" title="Untersturmführer">Untersturmführer</a></i> "junior storm leader" – an SS rank, equivalent to <a href="/wiki/Second_lieutenant" title="Second lieutenant">second lieutenant</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/USCHLA" class="mw-redirect" title="USCHLA">Uschla</a><span class="anchor" id="Uschla"></span> – arbitration committee of the NSDAP Party Directorate, an acronym for <i>Untersuchung und Schlichtungs-Ausschuss</i> (Inquiry and Settlement Committee).</li> <li><span class="anchor" id="Unnütze_Esser"></span><span class="anchor" id="useless_eaters"></span><i>Unnütze Esser</i> – (lit. "useless eaters" or "useless mouths") Similar to <a href="/wiki/Life_unworthy_of_life" title="Life unworthy of life">life unworthy of life</a>, a designation for Jews unable to work, people with serious medical problems or disabilities, and other <i><a href="/wiki/Untermenschen" class="mw-redirect" title="Untermenschen">Untermenschen</a></i> not deemed to be useful to Germany.<sup id="cite_ref-Friedlander_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Friedlander-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The term was also applied to Jews, in general.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was used in the 1938 children's book <i><a href="/wiki/Der_Giftpilz" title="Der Giftpilz">Der Giftpilz</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Julius_Streicher" title="Julius Streicher">Julius Streicher</a>, and in <a href="/wiki/Philip_K._Dick" title="Philip K. Dick">Philip K. Dick</a>'s book<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and its television adaptation, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Man_in_the_High_Castle_(TV_series)" title="The Man in the High Castle (TV series)">The Man in the High Castle</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="V">V</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_Nazi_Germany&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: V"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/V-1_flying_bomb" title="V-1 flying bomb">V-1</a> and <a href="/wiki/V-2_rocket" title="V-2 rocket">V-2</a> – <i>Vergeltungswaffen</i> "weapons of retaliation". Used to attack Britain and other countries controlled by the Allies. The V-1 was the world's first operational cruise missile; the V-2 the first <a href="/wiki/Short-range_ballistic_missile" title="Short-range ballistic missile">short-range ballistic missile</a> (SRBM). Other "V-Waffe" – like <a href="/wiki/V-3_cannon" title="V-3 cannon">a multiple-chamber supergun design</a> project – were planned but did not become operational.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Verbotzeit" title="Verbotzeit">Verbotzeit</a></i> (<i>Verbotszeit</i>) – the time in which the <a href="/wiki/NSDAP" class="mw-redirect" title="NSDAP">NSDAP</a> was officially banned in <a href="/wiki/Bavaria" title="Bavaria">Bavaria</a>, between the <a href="/wiki/Beer_Hall_Putsch" title="Beer Hall Putsch">Beer Hall Putsch</a> (9 November 1923) and the effective date of the lifting of the ban (16 February 1925).</li> <li><i>SS-<a href="/wiki/Verf%C3%BCgungstruppe" class="mw-redirect" title="Verfügungstruppe">Verfügungstruppe</a></i> "Dispositional Troops" – the military branch of the SS, formed in 1934 under <a href="/wiki/Paul_Hausser" title="Paul Hausser">Paul Hausser</a>. In August 1940 became the nucleus of the <a href="/wiki/Waffen-SS" title="Waffen-SS">Waffen-SS</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vernichtungskrieg" class="mw-redirect" title="Vernichtungskrieg">Vernichtungskrieg</a></i> – War of extermination against Jews and Marxists, the war between Nazi Germany and the USSR.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Extermination_camps" class="mw-redirect" title="Extermination camps">Vernichtungslager</a></i> – death camps. This word was never used by the Nazis themselves.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Volk" title="Volk">Volk</a></i> – People, folk-community, nation, or <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic group">ethnic group</a>. It is extremely difficult to convey the full meaning of this word in English. It implies a "volk community" <a href="/wiki/Blood_and_soil" title="Blood and soil">rooted in the soil</a> of the <i><a href="/wiki/Heimat" title="Heimat">heimat</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Homeland" title="Homeland">homeland</a>) with many centuries of ancestral tradition and linked together by a spiritual <a href="/wiki/Zeitgeist" title="Zeitgeist">zeitgeist</a>. <ul><li><i>Völkerchaos</i> – (chaos of races), the concept that there was a race of mixed people from the Mediterranean which resulted from unwanted historical change. In conjunction with the Nazi xenophobia of the Jews, this idea added another racial enemy that the German <i>Volk</i> had to overcome in their historic destiny to master the world.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Volk_ohne_Raum" title="Volk ohne Raum">Volk ohne Raum</a></i> – "A people without space". A political slogan used to justify the conquest of the east.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Volksdeutsche" title="Volksdeutsche">Volksdeutsche</a></i> – "ethnic Germans in other countries to be exploited by <a href="/wiki/VOMI" class="mw-redirect" title="VOMI">VoMi</a>".</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hauptamt_Volksdeutsche_Mittelstelle" class="mw-redirect" title="Hauptamt Volksdeutsche Mittelstelle">Volksdeutsche Mittelstelle</a></i> – "VoMi – a Nazi organization to carry out <a href="/wiki/Nazification" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazification">Nazification</a> of ethnic Germans in other countries."</li> <li><i>Volksgenosse</i> – "Folk comrade"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%B6lkisch_movement" title="Völkisch movement">Völkisch movement</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Volksk%C3%B6rper" title="Volkskörper">Volkskörper</a></i> – variously translated as the 'ethnic body politic', 'body national' or 'national body' in an organic terminology meaning the unity of Volk and society.</li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/V%C3%B6lkischer_Beobachter" title="Völkischer Beobachter">Völkischer Beobachter</a></i> – (People's Observer), the official Nazi Party newspaper. <ul><li><i>Deutsche Arbeiterpolitik</i> – special labor section included in the Völkischer Beobachter paper</li> <li><i>Der Angriff</i> – (the Attack), Nazi Party labor newspaper started by <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Goebbels" title="Joseph Goebbels">Joseph Goebbels</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Arbeitertum" title="Arbeitertum">Arbeitertum</a></i> – Nazi Party labor newspaper.</li></ul></li> <li><i>Volksgenossen</i> – "National Comrades". Those who belonged to the <i>Volksgemeinschaft</i>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Volksgerichtshof" class="mw-redirect" title="Volksgerichtshof">Volksgerichtshof</a></i> – literally "People's Court", highest punitive court in the Reich, a show trial tribunal which condemned people accused of crimes against the state; verdicts were sometimes directed by Hitler himself.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volkshalle" title="Volkshalle">Volkshalle</a> – a proposed gigantic domed building for <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a> as part of <a href="/wiki/Albert_Speer" title="Albert Speer">Albert Speer</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Welthauptstadt_Germania" class="mw-redirect" title="Welthauptstadt Germania">Welthauptstadt Germania</a></i>, in which Hitler planned to issue his Imperial decrees to <a href="/wiki/Occupied_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Occupied Europe">Occupied Europe</a> before crowds of up to 180,000 people.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_Beetle#History" title="Volkswagen Beetle">Volkswagen</a> – "people's car". Conceived as the "<a href="/wiki/Kraft_durch_Freude" class="mw-redirect" title="Kraft durch Freude">Kraft durch Freude</a> Wagen" during the mid-1930s, it did not go into production until after 1945. Perhaps the most durable and popular legacy of the Nazi era.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Volksgemeinschaft" title="Volksgemeinschaft">Volksgemeinschaft</a></i> – "People's Community" – a concept that means national solidarity; popular ethnic community; classless <a href="/wiki/Volk" title="Volk">volk</a> community.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Volkssturm" title="Volkssturm">Volkssturm</a></i> – (People's Army), formed in October 1944, the <i>Volkssturm</i> was a last ditch effort of the Nazis to call all men (aged 16 to 60 years old) to fight against the invading Allied forces in the final stages of the war. Poorly armed and inadequately equipped, the <i>Volkssturm</i> answered not to the <i><a href="/wiki/Wehrmacht" title="Wehrmacht">Wehrmacht</a></i> leadership but instead to <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Himmler" title="Heinrich Himmler">Himmler</a> in his capacity as the commander of the Reserve Army. Primarily engaged against the Red Army along Germany's eastern corridor, over 175,000 members of this ragtag military auxiliary were killed in action. Historian Martin Kitchen describes the establishment of the <i>Volkssturm</i> as a "pathetic affair."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKitchen199433–34_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKitchen199433–34-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Against the advancing Russian, Canadian, American, and British forces, members of the <i>Volkssturm</i> (mainly young and old men, with little training) were expected to use handheld anti-tank weapons and small arms in the fight alongside the remaining <i><a href="/wiki/Wehrmacht" title="Wehrmacht">Wehrmacht</a></i> soldiers in repulsing the onslaught. Even if they were to prove unsuccessful, the <i>Volkssturm</i> was to set a shining example to future generations by fighting to the 'last man and the last bullet' for the <i>Fatherland</i>; as if these efforts would somehow expunge the surrender of 1918.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vorbunker" title="Vorbunker">Vorbunker</a></i> – (the upper bunker) or "forward bunker" was located behind the large reception hall of the old Reich Chancellery in Berlin. It was meant to be a temporary air-raid shelter for Adolf Hitler and was officially called the "Reich Chancellery Air-Raid Shelter" until 1943 and the expansion of the complex with the <i><a href="/wiki/F%C3%BChrerbunker" title="Führerbunker">Führerbunker</a></i>.</li> <li><i>Vorsicht Hochspannung Lebensgefahr</i> – Typical warning message on signs affixed to electrified fences around concentration camps, labor camps, and death camps. Essentially: "watch out high voltage life-danger."</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="W">W</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_Nazi_Germany&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: W"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Wachmänner</i> (singular <i><a href="/wiki/Wachmann" class="mw-redirect" title="Wachmann">Wachmann</a></i>) – "watchmen", the <i>SS</i> guards at <a href="/wiki/Death_camp" class="mw-redirect" title="Death camp">death camps</a> recruited of their own free will from Soviet <a href="/wiki/POW_camps" class="mw-redirect" title="POW camps">POW camps</a> and trained at <a href="/wiki/Trawnikis" class="mw-redirect" title="Trawnikis">Trawniki</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Waffenamt" title="Waffenamt">Waffenamt</a></i> "Weapons Office" – responsible the procurement of military equipment; WaA with a number was the standard arms inspection stamp or mark.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Waffen-SS" title="Waffen-SS">Waffen-SS</a></i> "Armed SS" – the combat branch of the <i>Schutzstaffel</i>, formed in August 1940 from earlier SS military formations; by war's end had grown into a parallel army with (nominally) 38 divisions.</li> <li><i>Waldkommando</i> – "Wood-commando" prisoner-laborers assigned to work in forests, primarily to obtain firewood for heating and for burning corpses.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wannsee_Conference" title="Wannsee Conference">Wannsee-Konferenz</a> – a conference held on January 20, 1942, beside Lake Wannsee in Berlin in which it was decided and made official Nazi policy that the total annihilation of European Jews was the only rational means of a "<a href="/wiki/Final_Solution" title="Final Solution">Final Solution</a>" to the <a href="/wiki/Jewish_question" title="Jewish question">Jewish Question</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wehrbauern" class="mw-redirect" title="Wehrbauern">Wehrbauern</a></i> – soldier-peasant settlements that were to be established in the East to defend the colonies from the inroads of a Slavic insurgency.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wehrkraftzersetzung" title="Wehrkraftzersetzung">Wehrkraftzersetzung</a></i> – a crime invented by the Nazis. It meant "negatively affecting the fighting forces". People who expressed doubts about Germany's chances of winning the war, or about Hitler's leadership, were sometimes put to death for <i>Wehrkraftzersetzung</i>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wehrmacht" title="Wehrmacht">Wehrmacht</a></i> "Defence force" – the name of the armed forces of Nazi Germany from 1935 to 1945. Prior to that time, the Reichswehr. Consisted of the <i><a href="/wiki/German_Army_(Wehrmacht)" class="mw-redirect" title="German Army (Wehrmacht)">Heer</a></i> (Army), <i><a href="/wiki/Kriegsmarine" title="Kriegsmarine">Kriegsmarine</a></i> (Navy) and <i><a href="/wiki/Luftwaffe" title="Luftwaffe">Luftwaffe</a></i> (Air Force), but not the Waffen-SS or the police, even though both fielded combat units during the war.</li> <li><i>Wehrmachtsadler</i> "Armed forces eagle" – form of the <i>Hoheitsabzeichen</i> worn by the <i>Heer</i> and <i>Kriegsmarine</i>, but not the <i>Luftwaffe.</i></li> <li><i>Weibliche Kriminalpolizei</i> – Women's branch of the national criminal police department.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wewelsburg" title="Wewelsburg">Wewelsburg</a> – a castle near <a href="/wiki/B%C3%BCren,_Westphalia" title="Büren, Westphalia">Büren</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Paderborn" title="Paderborn">Paderborn</a> district of <a href="/wiki/Westphalia" title="Westphalia">Westphalia</a>, taken over and restored by <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Himmler" title="Heinrich Himmler">Heinrich Himmler</a> as an SS officers' training school and cult center.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_White_Rose" class="mw-redirect" title="The White Rose">Die Weiße Rose</a></i> – "<a href="/wiki/The_White_Rose" class="mw-redirect" title="The White Rose">The White Rose</a>" – a <a href="/wiki/Nonviolence" title="Nonviolence">non-violent</a>/<a href="/wiki/Intellectual" title="Intellectual">intellectual</a> <a href="/wiki/German_resistance_to_Nazism" title="German resistance to Nazism">resistance</a> group in Nazi Germany, consisting of students from the <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Maximilian_University_of_Munich" title="Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich">University of Munich</a> and their philosophy professor. The group became known for an anonymous leaflet campaign, lasting from June 1942 until February 1943, that called for active opposition to the Nazi regime. Sentenced to execution by beheading, concentration camp or prison sentences by the <a href="/wiki/Volksgerichtshof" class="mw-redirect" title="Volksgerichtshof">Volksgerichtshof</a>.</li> <li><i>Weltanschauungskrieg</i> – war of ideologies, a final struggle between judeo-marxism and national socialism, determining the future of mankind. Thus, closely tied to <a href="/wiki/Vernichtungskrieg" class="mw-redirect" title="Vernichtungskrieg">Vernichtungskrieg</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Welthauptstadt_Germania" class="mw-redirect" title="Welthauptstadt Germania">Welthauptstadt Germania</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Nazi_architecture" title="Nazi architecture">architectural plan</a> to rebuild <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a> into a massive imperial metropolis.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Westland_(Nazi_propaganda)" title="Westland (Nazi propaganda)">Westland</a></i> – propaganda name used to denote the incorporation of the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a> (and in a wider context, all of the <a href="/wiki/Low_Countries" title="Low Countries">Low Countries</a>) into a Nazi-controlled Europe.</li> <li><i>Wille und Macht</i> "Will and Power" – the monthly magazine of the <a href="/wiki/Hitler_Youth" title="Hitler Youth">Hitler Youth</a>.</li> <li><i>Winterhilfswerk Winterhilfe</i> – Winter Relief Program and annual fundraising drive by the Nazi Party to support impoverished German victims of the Great Depression and of World War II. The successor to the similar program in existence during the Weimar Republic (1919–1933). Once a week, people would eat an <a href="/wiki/Eintopf" class="mw-redirect" title="Eintopf">eintopf</a> ("one pot") meal, and donate the money they would have spent for a regular meal to the <a href="/wiki/Winterhilfswerk" title="Winterhilfswerk">Winterhilfe</a>.</li> <li><i>Wirtschaftspolitische Abteilung</i> – 1931 WPA; A NSDAP proposed program.</li> <li><i>Wirtschaftliches Sofortprogramm</i> – 1932 Economic Program; A NSDAP proposed program.</li> <li><i>Wirtschaftliches Aufbauprogramm</i> – 1932 Economic Reconstruction Plan; A NSDAP proposed program.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wolfsangel" title="Wolfsangel">Wolfsangel</a></i> "Wolf's hook" – runic emblem adopted by several military units of Nazi Germany.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wolfsschanze" class="mw-redirect" title="Wolfsschanze">Wolfsschanze</a></i> "Wolf's Lair" – Hitler's first World War II Eastern Front military headquarters, one of several Führer Headquarters or FHQs located in various parts of Europe. The complex, built for <a href="/wiki/Operation_Barbarossa" title="Operation Barbarossa">Operation Barbarossa</a> (the 1941 German invasion of the Soviet Union) was located in the Masurian woods, about 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) from Rastenburg, <a href="/wiki/East_Prussia" title="East Prussia">East Prussia</a> (N/K/A <a href="/wiki/Ketrzyn" class="mw-redirect" title="Ketrzyn">Kętrzyn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a>). It is the location where he spent much of his time during the war following the launch of Operation Barbarossa.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wunderwaffe" title="Wunderwaffe">Wunderwaffe</a> – "<a href="/wiki/Silver_bullet" title="Silver bullet">silver bullet</a>" (literally, <i>wonder weapons</i>), referring to weapon systems developed at the end of World War II (such as the V-1 and the <a href="/wiki/V-2_rocket" title="V-2 rocket">V-2</a>) that were supposed to turn around Germany's desperate situation on the battlefields.</li> <li><i>Wu-wa</i> – mocking colloquial shortening of <i>wunderwaffen</i>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="X">X</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_Nazi_Germany&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: X"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>X-Gerät</i> – (X equipment) radio-navigational equipment used in German bombers.</li> <li><i>X-Zeit</i> – (X time) zero hour</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Y">Y</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_Nazi_Germany&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Y"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_badge" title="Yellow badge">Yellow badge</a> – a compulsory yellow <a href="/wiki/Star_of_David" title="Star of David">Star of David</a> badge worn on the arm or chest to identify Jews.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Z">Z</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_Nazi_Germany&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Z"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Z-Plan</i> (or Plan Z) was the name given to the re-equipment and expansion of the <i><a href="/wiki/Kriegsmarine" title="Kriegsmarine">Kriegsmarine</a></i> (Nazi German Navy) as ordered by Adolf Hitler on 27 January 1939. The plan called for 10 battleships, four aircraft carriers, three battlecruisers, eight heavy cruisers, 44 light cruisers, 68 destroyers and 249 U-boats by 1944 that was meant to challenge the naval power of the United Kingdom. The outbreak of World War II in September 1939 came far too early to implement the plan.</li> <li><i>Zählappell</i> – (counting roll call) a roll call used at prisons and concentration camps to account for the inmate's presence and to psychologically harass them.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zossen" title="Zossen">Zossen</a></i> – The underground bunker complex that was headquarters for both the German <i><a href="/wiki/Wehrmacht" title="Wehrmacht">Wehrmacht</a></i> (OKW) and (<i><a href="/wiki/German_Army_(Wehrmacht)" class="mw-redirect" title="German Army (Wehrmacht)">Heer</a></i>) Army High Command (OKH) located approximately 20 miles west of Berlin in Zossen, Germany.</li> <li><i>Zoessen (slang)</i> – a vehicle of some sort, draft cart. Widely applied to military vehicles</li> <li><i>Zwangsarbeiter</i> – A forced-laborer, a slave-laborer.</li> <li><i>Zwangswirtschaft</i> – <a href="/wiki/Forced_labor_in_Germany_during_World_War_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Forced labor in Germany during World War II">Nazi-era forced-labor</a> or compulsion economy.</li> <li><i>Zwischenstaatliche Vertretertagungen</i> – interstate meetings of representatives; DNSAP and NSDAP party congresses of the early years; first one held in Salzburg, Austria.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zyklon_B" title="Zyklon B">Zyklon B</a></i> Also spelled Cyclon B – tradename of a cyanide-based insecticide used to kill more than one million Jews, Roma, communists, and prisoners of war in Nazi gas chambers, produced by <a href="/wiki/IG_Farben" title="IG Farben">IG Farben</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_abbreviations_and_acronyms">List of abbreviations and acronyms</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_Nazi_Germany&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: List of abbreviations and acronyms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>See the glossary above for full explanations of the terms.</i> </p> <ul><li>aA – <i>agrarpolitischer Apparat</i>, or Agrarian Policy Apparatus</li> <li>DAF – <i><a href="/wiki/German_Labour_Front" title="German Labour Front">Deutsche Arbeitsfront</a></i>, or German Labor Front</li> <li>DAK – <i><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Afrika_Korps" class="mw-redirect" title="Deutsche Afrika Korps">Deutsche Afrika Korps</a></i>, or German Africa Corps</li> <li>DAP – <i>Deutsche Arbeiterpartei</i>, or German Workers' Party: original name of the <a href="/wiki/NSDAP" class="mw-redirect" title="NSDAP">NSDAP</a></li> <li>DFO – <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deutscher_Frauenorden&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Deutscher Frauenorden (page does not exist)">Deutscher Frauenorden</a></i>, or German Women's Order</li> <li>DJ – <i><a href="/wiki/Deutsches_Jungvolk" title="Deutsches Jungvolk">Deutsches Jungvolk</a></i>, middle school aged boys' <a href="/wiki/Hitler_Youth" title="Hitler Youth">Hitler Youth</a> organization</li> <li>DLV – <i><a href="/wiki/Deutscher_Luftsportverband" class="mw-redirect" title="Deutscher Luftsportverband">Deutscher Luftsportverband</a></i>, or German Air Sports Union</li> <li>DNSAP – <i><a href="/wiki/Austrian_Nazism#DNSAP" title="Austrian Nazism">Deutsche Nationalsozialistische Arbeiterpartei</a></i>, the Austrian "German National Socialist Workers' Party"</li> <li>DNVP – <i><a href="/wiki/Deutschnationale_Volkspartei" class="mw-redirect" title="Deutschnationale Volkspartei">Deutschnationale Volkspartei</a></i>, German National People's Party</li> <li>FHA – <i><a href="/wiki/SS-F%C3%BChrungshauptamt" class="mw-redirect" title="SS-Führungshauptamt">Führungshauptamt</a></i> or Leadership Head Office, the administrative headquarters of the Waffen-SS</li> <li>FlaK – <i>Flug(zeug)abwehr-Kanone</i>, "air(craft) defense cannon," anti-aircraft gun</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gestapo" title="Gestapo">Gestapo</a> – The secret state police, short for <i>Geheime Staatspolizei</i></li> <li>HJ – <i>Hitlerjugend</i> or <a href="/wiki/Hitler_Youth" title="Hitler Youth">Hitler Youth</a></li> <li>KdF – <i><a href="/wiki/Kraft_durch_Freude" class="mw-redirect" title="Kraft durch Freude">Kraft durch Freude</a></i>, or Strength through Joy</li> <li>Kripo – <i><a href="/wiki/Kriminalpolizei_(Nazi_Germany)" title="Kriminalpolizei (Nazi Germany)">Kriminalpolizei</a></i>, the national criminal investigative police</li> <li>KZ – <i>Konzentrationslager</i>, <a href="/wiki/Nazi_concentration_camp" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazi concentration camp">Nazi concentration camp</a></li> <li>LSR – <i>Luftschutzraum</i>, air-raid shelter</li> <li>LVL – <i>Landwirtschaftliche Vertrauensleute</i>, agrarian agents for the NSDAP</li> <li>LSSAH – <i><a href="/wiki/Leibstandarte_SS_Adolf_Hitler" class="mw-redirect" title="Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler">Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler</a></i>, or Adolf Hitler SS Bodyguard Regiment</li> <li>Nazi – Portmanteau for "National Socialist"</li> <li>NPEA – <i>Nationalpolitsche Erziehungsanstalten</i>, or National Political Educational Establishment</li> <li>NSBO – <i><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Factory_Cell_Organization" title="National Socialist Factory Cell Organization">Nationalsozialistische Betriebzellenorganisation</a></i>, or National Socialist Factory Cell Organization</li> <li><a href="/wiki/NSDAP" class="mw-redirect" title="NSDAP">NSDAP</a> – <i>Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei</i>, or National Socialist German Workers' Party: the Nazi Party</li> <li>NSDDB – <i><a href="/wiki/Nationalsozialistischer_Deutscher_Dozentenbund" class="mw-redirect" title="Nationalsozialistischer Deutscher Dozentenbund">Nationalsozialistischer Deutscher Dozentenbund</a></i>, or National Socialist German University Lecturers League</li> <li>NSF – <i><a href="/wiki/Nationalsozialistische_Frauenschaft" class="mw-redirect" title="Nationalsozialistische Frauenschaft">Nationalsozialistische Frauenschaft</a></i>, or <a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Women%27s_League" title="National Socialist Women's League">National Socialist Women's League</a></li> <li>NSFK – <i>Nationalsozialistisches Fliegerkorps</i>, or <a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Flyers_Corps" title="National Socialist Flyers Corps">National Socialist Flyers Corps</a></li> <li>NSKK – <i>Nationalsozialistisches Kraftfahrkorps</i>, or <a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Motor_Corps" title="National Socialist Motor Corps">National Socialist Motor Corps</a></li> <li>NSLB – <i>Nationalsozialistische Lehrerbund</i>, or <a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Teachers_League" title="National Socialist Teachers League">National Socialist Teachers League</a></li> <li>NSV – <i>Nationalsozialistische Volkswohlfahrt</i>, or <a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_People%27s_Welfare" title="National Socialist People's Welfare">National Socialist People's Welfare</a></li> <li>OKH – <i><a href="/wiki/Oberkommando_des_Heeres" title="Oberkommando des Heeres">Oberkommando des Heeres</a></i>, or High Command of the Army</li> <li>OKL – <i><a href="/wiki/Oberkommando_der_Luftwaffe" title="Oberkommando der Luftwaffe">Oberkommando der Luftwaffe</a></i>, or High Command of the Air Force</li> <li>OKM – <i><a href="/wiki/Oberkommando_der_Marine" title="Oberkommando der Marine">Oberkommando der Marine</a></i>, or High Command of the Navy</li> <li>OKW – <i><a href="/wiki/Oberkommando_der_Wehrmacht" title="Oberkommando der Wehrmacht">Oberkommando der Wehrmacht</a></i>, or High Command of the Armed Forces</li> <li>Orpo – <i><a href="/wiki/Ordnungspolizei" title="Ordnungspolizei">Ordnungspolizei</a></i>, or Order Police</li> <li>PzKpfw, PzKw – <i><a href="/wiki/Panzerkampfwagen" class="mw-redirect" title="Panzerkampfwagen">Panzerkampfwagen</a></i>, "armored fighting vehicle," tank</li> <li>RAD – <i><a href="/wiki/Reichsarbeitsdienst" class="mw-redirect" title="Reichsarbeitsdienst">Reichsarbeitsdienst</a></i>, or State Labor Service</li> <li>RBA – National Socialist Factory Cell Division</li> <li>RFV – <i>Reichskommissariat für die Festigung des deutschen Volkes</i>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Reich_Commissariat_for_the_Strengthening_of_the_German_People&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reich Commissariat for the Strengthening of the German People (page does not exist)">Reich Commissariat for the Strengthening of the German People</a></li> <li>RKPA – <i><a href="/wiki/Reichskriminalpolizeiamt" title="Reichskriminalpolizeiamt">Reichskriminalpolizeiamt</a></i> or Reich Criminal Police Department; alternative name of RSHA Amt V: Kriminalpolizei</li> <li>RM – <a href="/wiki/Reichsmark" title="Reichsmark">Reichsmark</a>, the monetary unit of Germany 1924–1948</li> <li>RSHA – <i><a href="/wiki/Reichssicherheitshauptamt" class="mw-redirect" title="Reichssicherheitshauptamt">Reichssicherheitshauptamt</a></i>, Reich Security Main Office or Reich Security Head Office</li> <li>RZM – <i><a href="/wiki/Reichszeugmeisterei" title="Reichszeugmeisterei">Reichszeugmeisterei</a></i>, or National Material Control Office</li> <li>SA – <i><a href="/wiki/Sturmabteilung" title="Sturmabteilung">Sturmabteilung</a></i>, Storm (or Assault) Detachment, usually translated as Stormtroop(er)s: the <a href="/wiki/Brownshirts" class="mw-redirect" title="Brownshirts">Brownshirts</a></li> <li>SD – <i><a href="/wiki/Sicherheitsdienst" title="Sicherheitsdienst">Sicherheitsdienst</a></i> or Security Service of the SS</li> <li>Sd.Kfz. – <i><a href="/wiki/Sonderkraftfahrzeug" class="mw-redirect" title="Sonderkraftfahrzeug">Sonderkraftfahrzeug</a></i>, or Special Purpose Motor Vehicle</li> <li>SiPo – <i><a href="/wiki/Sicherheitspolizei" title="Sicherheitspolizei">Sicherheitspolizei</a></i> or Security Police; made up of the Gestapo & Kripo</li> <li>SS – <i><a href="/wiki/Schutzstaffel" title="Schutzstaffel">Schutzstaffel</a></i> or Protection Squadron</li> <li>SS-TV – <i>SS-<a href="/wiki/Totenkopfverb%C3%A4nde" class="mw-redirect" title="Totenkopfverbände">Totenkopfverbände</a></i> or Death's Head Units</li> <li>SS-VT – <i>SS-<a href="/wiki/Verf%C3%BCgungstruppe" class="mw-redirect" title="Verfügungstruppe">Verfügungstruppe</a></i> or Dispositional Troops</li> <li>WaA – <i><a href="/wiki/Waffenamt" title="Waffenamt">Waffenamt</a></i> or Weapons Office; used as an arms inspection stamp or mark</li> <li>WSP – <i><a href="/wiki/Wasserschutzpolizei" title="Wasserschutzpolizei">Wasserschutzpolizei</a></i> or Water Protection Police</li> <li>WVHA – <i><a href="/wiki/SS_Main_Economic_and_Administrative_Office" title="SS Main Economic and Administrative Office">Wirtschaftsverwaltungshauptamt</a></i>, Economic-Administrative Main Office of the SS</li> <li>ZGS – <i><a href="/wiki/Zollgrenzschutz" title="Zollgrenzschutz">Zollgrenzschutz</a></i> or Customs Border Protection</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_Nazi_Germany&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_German_military_terms" title="Glossary of German military terms">Glossary of German military terms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_the_Weimar_Republic" title="Glossary of the Weimar Republic">Glossary of the Weimar Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Language_of_Nazi_concentration_camps" title="Language of Nazi concentration camps">Language of Nazi concentration camps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_books_about_Nazi_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="List of books about Nazi Germany">List of books about Nazi Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_German_expressions_in_English" title="List of German expressions in English">List of German expressions in English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nazi_Party_leaders_and_officials" title="List of Nazi Party leaders and officials">List of Nazi Party leaders and officials</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/LTI_%E2%80%93_Lingua_Tertii_Imperii" title="LTI – Lingua Tertii Imperii">LTI – Lingua Tertii Imperii</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_mysticism" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazi mysticism">Nazi mysticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Songs" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazi Songs">Nazi Songs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_decorations_of_the_Nazi_Party" title="Political decorations of the Nazi Party">Political decorations of the Nazi Party</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_Nazi_Germany&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_Nazi_Germany&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBerenbaum2014" class="citation web cs1">Berenbaum, Michael (1 January 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/714411/T4-Program">"T4 Program"</a>. <i>Britannica.com</i>. Encyclopædia Britannica<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Britannica.com&rft.atitle=T4+Program&rft.date=2014-01-01&rft.aulast=Berenbaum&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F714411%2FT4-Program&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGlossary+of+Nazi+Germany" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Allan-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Allan_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Allan_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAllanBurridge1991" class="citation book cs1">Allan, Keith; Burridge, Kate (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Z8NZAAAAMAAJ&q=%22return+unwanted%22+Nazi"><i>Euphemism & dysphemism: language used as shield and weapon</i></a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780195066227" title="Special:BookSources/9780195066227"><bdi>9780195066227</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Euphemism+%26+dysphemism%3A+language+used+as+shield+and+weapon&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=9780195066227&rft.aulast=Allan&rft.aufirst=Keith&rft.au=Burridge%2C+Kate&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZ8NZAAAAMAAJ%26q%3D%2522return%2Bunwanted%2522%2BNazi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGlossary+of+Nazi+Germany" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hitler, <i>Mein Kampf</i>, Zwei Bände in einem Band, S. 742.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Heinrich August Winkler (2000). <i>Der lange Weg nach Westen. Deutsche Geschichte vom "Dritten Reich" bis zur Wiedervereinigung</i>, München: C.H. Beck, p. 4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrost2018" class="citation web cs1">Frost, Natasha (12 April 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/one-pot-meals-nazi-germany-eintopf">"The Forgotten Nazi History of 'One-Pot Meals'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Atlas Obscura</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Atlas+Obscura&rft.atitle=The+Forgotten+Nazi+History+of+%27One-Pot+Meals%27&rft.date=2018-04-12&rft.aulast=Frost&rft.aufirst=Natasha&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.atlasobscura.com%2Farticles%2Fone-pot-meals-nazi-germany-eintopf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGlossary+of+Nazi+Germany" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">It is important to note that <a href="/wiki/Names_of_the_Holocaust" title="Names of the Holocaust">the term "Holocaust"</a>, although it had been used before (for instance by <a href="/wiki/Richard_of_Devizes" title="Richard of Devizes">Richard of Devizes</a> in his <i>Chronicon</i> written in 1192), was not of common usage among the general public until after the appearance of the <a href="/wiki/Holocaust_(miniseries)" title="Holocaust (miniseries)">Holocaust TV miniseries</a> in 1978. For example, <a href="/wiki/William_L._Shirer" title="William L. Shirer">William Shirer</a>'s 1961 book <i><a href="/wiki/The_Rise_and_Fall_of_the_Third_Reich" title="The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich">The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich</a></i> does not mention the word "Holocaust".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See:Alexander Perry Biddiscombe, <i>Werwolf!: The History of the National Socialist Guerrilla Movement, 1944–1946</i> (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1998), pp. 290–291.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKoonz2003" class="citation book cs1">Koonz, Claudia (2003). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/naziconscience00koon"><i>The Nazi Conscience</i></a></span>. Cambridge, MA.: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/naziconscience00koon/page/73">73</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-674-01842-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-674-01842-7"><bdi>0-674-01842-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Nazi+Conscience&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+MA.&rft.pages=73&rft.pub=The+Belknap+Press+of+Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-674-01842-7&rft.aulast=Koonz&rft.aufirst=Claudia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnaziconscience00koon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGlossary+of+Nazi+Germany" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMichaelDoerr2002217-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMichaelDoerr2002217_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMichaelDoerr2002">Michael & Doerr 2002</a>, p. 217.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gellately (2007). <i>Lenin, Stalin, and Hitler: The Age of Social Catastrophe</i>, p. 13.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Waddington (2008). <i>Hitler's Crusade: Bolshevism and the Myth of the International Jewish Conspiracy</i>, p. 8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fredrickson (2009). <i>Racism: A Short History</i>, p. 118</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESchmitz-Berning2007326ff-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchmitz-Berning2007326ff_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSchmitz-Berning2007">Schmitz-Berning 2007</a>, pp. 326ff.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMichaelDoerr2002225-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMichaelDoerr2002225_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMichaelDoerr2002225_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMichaelDoerr2002225_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMichaelDoerr2002">Michael & Doerr 2002</a>, p. 225.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMichaelDoerr2002226-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMichaelDoerr2002226_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMichaelDoerr2002">Michael & Doerr 2002</a>, p. 226.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWalk1996344-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWalk1996344_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWalk1996">Walk 1996</a>, p. 344.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/.premium.MAGAZINE-a-picturesque-bavarian-town-shows-that-germany-isn-t-confronting-its-nazi-past-1.8227524">https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/.premium.MAGAZINE-a-picturesque-bavarian-town-shows-that-germany-isn-t-confronting-its-nazi-past-1.8227524</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Review the following article by <a href="/wiki/Anton_Posset" title="Anton Posset">Anton Posset</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.buergervereinigung-landsberg.org/english/historicalfacts/dp_camp.htm">http://www.buergervereinigung-landsberg.org/english/historicalfacts/dp_camp.htm</a> See also: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.landsberger-zeitgeschichte.de/Geschichte/dplager/dp_lagerengl.htm">http://www.landsberger-zeitgeschichte.de/Geschichte/dplager/dp_lagerengl.htm</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210126122549/http://www.landsberger-zeitgeschichte.de/Geschichte/dplager/dp_lagerengl.htm">Archived</a> 2021-01-26 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELangbein2004405-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELangbein2004405_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLangbein2004">Langbein 2004</a>, p. 405.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Report on Eastern Europe</i>. 1991. Vol. 2, issues 40–52. Munich: RFE/RL, Incorporated, p. 12.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gruner, Wolf. 2015. Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia. In: Wolf Grüner & Jörg Osterloh (eds.), <i>The Greater German Reich and the Jews: Nazi Persecution Policies in the Annexed Territories 1935–1945</i>, pp. 99–135. Transl. Bernard Heise. New York: Berghahn, p. 103.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Widdig-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Widdig_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWiddig2001" class="citation book cs1">Widdig, Bernd (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KWolDQAAQBAJ"><i>Culture and Inflation in Weimar Germany</i></a>. 225: University of California Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780520222908" title="Special:BookSources/9780520222908"><bdi>9780520222908</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Culture+and+Inflation+in+Weimar+Germany&rft.place=225&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=9780520222908&rft.aulast=Widdig&rft.aufirst=Bernd&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKWolDQAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGlossary+of+Nazi+Germany" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location" title="Category:CS1 maint: location">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stein, George. (1984). <i>The Waffen-SS: Hitler's Elite Guard at War 1939–1945</i>, p. 297.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Friedlander-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Friedlander_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="B1995" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Friedlander" title="Henry Friedlander">Friedlander, Henry</a> (1995). <i>The Origins of Nazi Genocide: From Euthanasia To The Final Solution</i>. Chapel Hill, NC: <a href="/wiki/University_of_North_Carolina_Press" title="University of North Carolina Press">University of North Carolina Press</a>. p. 81.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Origins+of+Nazi+Genocide%3A+From+Euthanasia+To+The+Final+Solution&rft.place=Chapel+Hill%2C+NC&rft.pages=81&rft.pub=University+of+North+Carolina+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.aulast=Friedlander&rft.aufirst=Henry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGlossary+of+Nazi+Germany" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGerwarth2011" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Gerwarth" title="Robert Gerwarth">Gerwarth, Robert</a> (2011). <i>Hitler's Hangman: The Life of Heydrich</i>. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. p. 199. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-11575-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-11575-8"><bdi>978-0-300-11575-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hitler%27s+Hangman%3A+The+Life+of+Heydrich&rft.place=New+Haven%2C+CT&rft.pages=199&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-300-11575-8&rft.aulast=Gerwarth&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGlossary+of+Nazi+Germany" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tor.com/2016/12/20/the-man-the-high-castle-season-two-series-review/">"Is Survival Victory Enough? The Man In The High Castle: Season Two ..."</a> <i>Tor.com</i>. December 20, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tor.com&rft.atitle=Is+Survival+Victory+Enough%3F+The+Man+In+The+High+Castle%3A+Season+Two+...&rft.date=2016-12-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tor.com%2F2016%2F12%2F20%2Fthe-man-the-high-castle-season-two-series-review%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGlossary+of+Nazi+Germany" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vulture.com/2016/12/man-in-the-high-castle-recap-season-2-episode-10.html">"The Man in the High Castle Season-Finale Recap: The Greater Good"</a>. <i>Vulture</i>. December 19, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vulture&rft.atitle=The+Man+in+the+High+Castle+Season-Finale+Recap%3A+The+Greater+Good&rft.date=2016-12-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vulture.com%2F2016%2F12%2Fman-in-the-high-castle-recap-season-2-episode-10.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGlossary+of+Nazi+Germany" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKitchen199433–34-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKitchen199433–34_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKitchen1994">Kitchen 1994</a>, pp. 33–34.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bernd Wagner, "Hitler, der Zweite Weltkrieg und die Choreographie des Untergangs," <i>Geschichte und Gesellschaft</i>, vol. xxvi (2000), no. 3, pp. 492–518.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_Nazi_Germany&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchmitz-Berning2007" class="citation book cs1">Schmitz-Berning, Cornelia (2007) [1998]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=d5r7Vrz3UgIC&pg=PA326">"Journaille"</a>. <i>Vokabular des Nationalsozialismus</i> (2nd ed.). Berlin: De Gruyter. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-11-019549-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-11-019549-1"><bdi>978-3-11-019549-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Journaille&rft.btitle=Vokabular+des+Nationalsozialismus&rft.place=Berlin&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=De+Gruyter&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-3-11-019549-1&rft.aulast=Schmitz-Berning&rft.aufirst=Cornelia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dd5r7Vrz3UgIC%26pg%3DPA326&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGlossary+of+Nazi+Germany" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKitchen1994" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Martin_Kitchen" title="Martin Kitchen">Kitchen, Martin</a> (1994). <i>Nazi Germany at War</i>. London & New York: Routledge.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nazi+Germany+at+War&rft.place=London+%26+New+York&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1994&rft.aulast=Kitchen&rft.aufirst=Martin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGlossary+of+Nazi+Germany" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLangbein2004" class="citation book cs1">Langbein, Hermann (2004). <i>People in Auschwitz</i>. Chapel Hill and London: The University of North Carolina Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-80782-816-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-80782-816-8"><bdi>978-0-80782-816-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=People+in+Auschwitz&rft.place=Chapel+Hill+and+London&rft.pub=The+University+of+North+Carolina+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-80782-816-8&rft.aulast=Langbein&rft.aufirst=Hermann&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGlossary+of+Nazi+Germany" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMichaelDoerr2002" class="citation book cs1">Michael, Robert; Doerr, Karin (2002). <i>Nazi-Deutsch/Nazi-German</i>. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-313-32106-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-313-32106-X"><bdi>0-313-32106-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nazi-Deutsch%2FNazi-German&rft.place=Westport%2C+Connecticut&rft.pub=Greenwood+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-313-32106-X&rft.aulast=Michael&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.au=Doerr%2C+Karin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGlossary+of+Nazi+Germany" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalk1996" class="citation book cs1">Walk, Joseph (1996). <i>Das Sonderrecht für die Juden im NS-Staat: Eine Sammlung der gesetzlichen Massnahmen und Richtlinien – Inhalt und Bedeutung</i>. Heidelberg: C.F. Müller. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-8252-1889-9" title="Special:BookSources/3-8252-1889-9"><bdi>3-8252-1889-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Das+Sonderrecht+f%C3%BCr+die+Juden+im+NS-Staat%3A+Eine+Sammlung+der+gesetzlichen+Massnahmen+und+Richtlinien+%E2%80%93+Inhalt+und+Bedeutung&rft.place=Heidelberg&rft.pub=C.F.+M%C3%BCller&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=3-8252-1889-9&rft.aulast=Walk&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGlossary+of+Nazi+Germany" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_Nazi_Germany&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Brustein, William (1996). <i>The Logic of Evil, The Social Origins of the Nazi Party, 1925–1933</i>. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press (p. 143).</li> <li>Carsten, F. L. (1969). <i>The Rise of Fascism</i>. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press (p. 83).</li> <li>Faye, Jean-Pierre (2003). <i>Introduction aux langages totalitaires : Théorie et Transformations du récit</i>, Hermann, Paris, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/2-7056-6450-5" title="Special:BookSources/2-7056-6450-5">2-7056-6450-5</a> <span class="languageicon">(in French)</span></li> <li>Faye, Jean-Pierre (2004). <i>Langages totalitaires</i>, Hermann, Paris, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/2-7056-6480-7" title="Special:BookSources/2-7056-6480-7">2-7056-6480-7</a> <span class="languageicon">(in French)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Klemperer" title="Victor Klemperer">Klemperer, Victor</a> (1947). <i><a href="/wiki/LTI_%E2%80%93_Lingua_Tertii_Imperii" title="LTI – Lingua Tertii Imperii">LTI – Lingua Tertii Imperii</a></i>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Laqueur, Walter; Baumel, Judith Tydor (2001). <i>The Holocaust Encyclopedia</i>. New Haven and London: Yale University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-30008-432-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-30008-432-0"><bdi>978-0-30008-432-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Holocaust+Encyclopedia&rft.place=New+Haven+and+London&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-30008-432-0&rft.aulast=Laqueur&rft.aufirst=Walter&rft.au=Baumel%2C+Judith+Tydor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGlossary+of+Nazi+Germany" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Mitcham, Samuel W., Jr. <i>Why Hitler? The Genesis of the Nazi Reich</i>. Westport, Connecticut: Praeger (p. 120).</li> <li>Neumann, Stan. <i>La Langue ne ment pas, journal écrit sous le Troisième Reich (90' <a href="/wiki/Arte" title="Arte">ARTE</a> 2004)</i> <span class="languageicon">(in French)</span> (film documentary; short extract <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070429200821/http://www.ridm.qc.ca/film.f/l/languenementpasla.html">here</a>)</li> <li>Payne, Stanley G. (1995). <i>A History of Fascism 1914–1945</i>. University of Wisconsin Press (pp. 55, 180).</li> <li>Phillips, Peter (1969, 1970). <i>The Tragedy of Nazi Germany</i>. New York: Praeger Publishers (pp. 193, 179).</li> <li>Snyder, Louis L. <i>Encyclopedia of the Third Reich</i>. London: Robert Hale, 1976. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-73942-360-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-73942-360-8">978-0-73942-360-8</a></li> <li>Stackelberg, Roderick. <i>The Routledge Companion to Nazi Germany</i>. New York: Routledge, 2007. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-41530-861-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-41530-861-8">978-0-41530-861-8</a></li> <li>Turner, Henry A. (1972). <i>Nazism and the Third Reich</i>. New York: Quadrangle Books, NY Times Co. (p. 41).</li> <li>Zentner, Christian and Friedemann Bedürftig (1991). <i><a href="/wiki/The_Encyclopedia_of_the_Third_Reich" title="The Encyclopedia of the Third Reich">The Encyclopedia of the Third Reich</a></i>. Macmillan, New York. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-02-897502-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-02-897502-2">0-02-897502-2</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_Nazi_Germany&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cpXIR9yOMuoC&dq=%22Eintopf%22+%22Nazi+Germany%22&pg=PA267">The <i>Routledge Companion for Nazi Germany</i> – A glossary of Nazi Germany (Google Books result):</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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aria-labelledby="Nazism434" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nazism" title="Template:Nazism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Nazism" title="Template talk:Nazism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nazism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Nazism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Nazism434" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Nazism" title="Nazism">Nazism</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organisation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Ahnenerbe" title="Ahnenerbe">Ahnenerbe</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artaman_League" title="Artaman League">Artaman League</a></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Gestapo" title="Gestapo">Geheime Staatspolizei</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Deutscher_Fichte-Bund" title="Deutscher Fichte-Bund">Deutscher Fichte-Bund</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Deutsches_Jungvolk" title="Deutsches Jungvolk">Deutsches Jungvolk</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Franz_Eher_Nachfolger" title="Franz Eher Nachfolger">Franz Eher Nachfolger</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hitler_Youth" title="Hitler Youth">Hitler Youth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_of_German_Girls" title="League of German Girls">League of German Girls</a></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Organisation_Todt" title="Organisation Todt">Organisation Todt</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_German_Doctors%27_League" title="National Socialist German Doctors' League">NSDÄB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_German_Students%27_League" title="National Socialist German Students' League">NSDStB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_League_of_the_Reich_for_Physical_Exercise" title="National Socialist League of the Reich for Physical Exercise">NSRL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Flyers_Corps" title="National Socialist Flyers Corps">NSFK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Motor_Corps" title="National Socialist Motor Corps">NSKK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Women%27s_League" title="National Socialist Women's League">NSF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propaganda_in_Nazi_Germany" title="Propaganda in Nazi Germany">Nazi media organizations</a> <ul><li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Nationalsozialistische_Monatshefte" title="Nationalsozialistische Monatshefte">Nationalsozialistische Monatshefte</a></i></span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Neues_Volk" title="Neues Volk">Neues Volk</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/NS-Frauen-Warte" title="NS-Frauen-Warte">NS-Frauen-Warte</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Das_Reich_(newspaper)" title="Das Reich (newspaper)">Das Reich</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Das_Schwarze_Korps" title="Das Schwarze Korps">Das Schwarze Korps</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Party" title="Nazi Party">Nazi Party</a></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Sicherheitsdienst" title="Sicherheitsdienst">Sicherheitsdienst</a></i></span> (SD)</li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Sturmabteilung" title="Sturmabteilung">Sturmabteilung</a></i></span> (SA)</li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Schutzstaffel" title="Schutzstaffel">Schutzstaffel</a></i></span> (SS) <ul><li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/SS-Gefolge_(Women%27s_SS_Division)" title="SS-Gefolge (Women's SS Division)">SS Gefolge</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Waffen-SS" title="Waffen-SS">Waffen-SS</a></i></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany#History" title="Nazi Germany">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_timeline_of_Nazism" title="Early timeline of Nazism">Early timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Program" title="National Socialist Program">National Socialist Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler%27s_rise_to_power" title="Adolf Hitler's rise to power">Hitler's rise to power</a></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler%27s_rise_to_power#Seizure_of_control_(1931–1933)" title="Adolf Hitler's rise to power">Machtergreifung</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Gleichschaltung" title="Gleichschaltung">Gleichschaltung</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_rearmament" title="German rearmament">German rearmament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Kirchenkampf" title="Kirchenkampf">Kirchenkampf</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler%27s_cult_of_personality" title="Adolf Hitler's cult of personality">Adolf Hitler's cult of personality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enabling_Act_of_1933" title="Enabling Act of 1933">Enabling Act of 1933</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Night_of_the_Long_Knives" title="Night of the Long Knives">Night of the Long Knives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_rallies" title="Nuremberg rallies">Nuremberg rallies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_Laws" title="Nuremberg Laws">Nuremberg Laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Comintern_Pact" title="Anti-Comintern Pact">Anti-Comintern Pact</a></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Kristallnacht" title="Kristallnacht">Kristallnacht</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Anschluss" title="Anschluss">Anschluss</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust" title="The Holocaust">The Holocaust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1938%E2%80%931939_German_expedition_to_Tibet" title="1938–1939 German expedition to Tibet">1938–1939 German expedition to Tibet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripartite_Pact" title="Tripartite Pact">Tripartite Pact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denazification" title="Denazification">Denazification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_trials" title="Nuremberg trials">Nuremberg trials</a></li> <p><a href="/wiki/Final_solution" class="mw-redirect" title="Final solution">Final solution</a> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_concentration_camps" title="Nazi concentration camps">Concentration camps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deportation" title="Deportation">Deportations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctors%27_Trial" title="Doctors' Trial">Doctors' Trial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extermination_camp" title="Extermination camp">Extermination camps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genocide" title="Genocide">Genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_ghettos" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazi ghettos">Ghettos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_human_experimentation" title="Nazi human experimentation">Human experimentation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forced_labour_under_German_rule_during_World_War_II" title="Forced labour under German rule during World War II">Labour camps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pogrom" title="Pogrom">Pogroms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_segregation#Germany" title="Racial segregation">Racial segregation</a></li></ul></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nazism#Ideology_and_programme" title="Nazism">Ideology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <li><a href="/wiki/Aestheticization_of_politics" title="Aestheticization of politics">Aestheticization of politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascism_and_ideology#Socialism_and_communism" title="Fascism and ideology">Anti-communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-intellectualism#Fascism" title="Anti-intellectualism">Anti-intellectualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascism_and_ideology#Liberalism" title="Fascism and ideology">Anti-liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacifism#Criticism" title="Pacifism">Anti-pacifism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blood_and_soil" title="Blood and soil">Blood and soil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chauvinism" title="Chauvinism">Chauvinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Class_collaboration" title="Class collaboration">Class collaboration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conspiracy_theory" title="Conspiracy theory">Conspiracism</a> <ul><li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Dolchsto%C3%9Flegende" class="mw-redirect" title="Dolchstoßlegende">Dolchstoßlegende</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Jewish_conspiracy" title="International Jewish conspiracy">International Jewry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Bolshevism" title="Jewish Bolshevism">Judeo-Bolshevism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporatism" title="Corporatism">Corporatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cult_of_personality" title="Cult of personality">Cult of personality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dictatorship" title="Dictatorship">Dictatorship</a> <ul><li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/F%C3%BChrerprinzip" title="Führerprinzip">Führerprinzip</a></i></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direct_action" title="Direct action">Direct action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_interventionism" class="mw-redirect" title="Economic interventionism">Economic interventionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_eugenics" title="Nazi eugenics">Eugenics</a></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Geopolitik" title="Geopolitik">Geopolitik</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Heimat" title="Heimat">Heimat</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_imperialism" class="mw-redirect" title="German imperialism">Imperialism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Germanic_Reich" title="Greater Germanic Reich">Greater Germanic Reich</a></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Heim_ins_Reich" title="Heim ins Reich">Heim ins Reich</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Lebensraum" title="Lebensraum">Lebensraum</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Germanism" title="Pan-Germanism">Pan-Germanism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_militarism" title="German militarism">Militarism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_nationalism" title="German nationalism">Nationalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_nationalism" title="Ethnic nationalism">Ethno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_nationalism" title="Racial nationalism">Racial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palingenetic_ultranationalism" title="Palingenetic ultranationalism">Palingenetic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_nationalism" title="Revolutionary nationalism">Revolutionary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultranationalism" title="Ultranationalism">Ultra</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Man_(utopian_concept)#Fascist" title="New Man (utopian concept)">New Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Order_(Nazism)" title="New Order (Nazism)">New Order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One-party_state" title="One-party state">One-party state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Populism" title="Populism">Populism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propaganda_in_Nazi_Germany" title="Propaganda in Nazi Germany">Propaganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prussianism" title="Prussianism">Prussianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_policy_of_Nazi_Germany" title="Racial policy of Nazi Germany">Racism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism" title="Antisemitism">Antisemitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Slavic_sentiment" title="Anti-Slavic sentiment">Anti-Slavic sentiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aryan_race#Nazism_and_Neo-Nazism" title="Aryan race">Aryan race</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aryanism" title="Aryanism">Aryanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Master_race" title="Master race">Master race</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordicism" title="Nordicism">Nordicism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_Indo-Germanic_People#The_Third_Reich,_successor_of_the_Indogermans" title="Nordic Indo-Germanic People">Nordic Indo-Germanic people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renordification" title="Renordification">Renordification</a></li></ul></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Rassenschande" title="Rassenschande">Rassenschande</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Untermenschen" class="mw-redirect" title="Untermenschen">Untermenschen</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%B6lkisch_equality" title="Völkisch equality">Völkisch equality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%B6lkisch_movement" title="Völkisch movement">Völkisch movement</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reactionary_modernism" title="Reactionary modernism">Reactionary modernism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Romanticism" title="German Romanticism">Romanticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Darwinism#Nazism,_eugenics,_fascism,_imperialism" title="Social Darwinism">Social Darwinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_interventionism" title="Social interventionism">Social interventionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_order" title="Social order">Social order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_capitalism" title="State capitalism">State capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syncretic_politics" title="Syncretic politics">Syncretism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Totalitarianism" title="Totalitarianism">Totalitarianism</a></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Volksgemeinschaft" title="Volksgemeinschaft">Volksgemeinschaft</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Volk_ohne_Raum" title="Volk ohne Raum">Volk ohne Raum</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Volksk%C3%B6rper" title="Volkskörper">Volkskörper</a></i></span></li></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nazi_Party_leaders_and_officials" title="List of Nazi Party leaders and officials">Politicians</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%A4the_Bierbaumer" title="Käthe Bierbaumer">Bierbaumer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Julius_Bloem" title="Walter Julius Bloem">Bloem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Bormann" title="Martin Bormann">Bormann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurt_Daluege" title="Kurt Daluege">Daluege</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_D%C3%B6nitz" title="Karl Dönitz">Dönitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anton_Drexler" title="Anton Drexler">Drexler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Eichmann" title="Adolf Eichmann">Eichmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_Esser" title="Hermann Esser">Esser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugen_Fischer" title="Eugen Fischer">Fischer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Frank" title="Hans Frank">Frank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Frick" title="Wilhelm Frick">Frick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Hess" title="Rudolf Hess">Hess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reinhard_Heydrich" title="Reinhard Heydrich">Heydrich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Himmler" title="Heinrich Himmler">Himmler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Hitler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Goebbels" title="Joseph Goebbels">Goebbels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_G%C3%B6ring" title="Hermann Göring">Göring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Keller" title="Carlos Keller">Keller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Lammers" title="Hans Lammers">Lammers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viktor_Lutze" title="Viktor Lutze">Lutze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unity_Mitford" title="Unity Mitford">Mitford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantin_von_Neurath" title="Konstantin von Neurath">von Neurath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vidkun_Quisling#Head_of_the_government" title="Vidkun Quisling">Quisling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joachim_von_Ribbentrop" title="Joachim von Ribbentrop">von Ribbentrop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_R%C3%B6hm" title="Ernst Röhm">Röhm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hjalmar_Schacht#Involvement_with_the_NSDAP_(Nazi_Party)_and_government" title="Hjalmar Schacht">Schacht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baldur_von_Schirach" title="Baldur von Schirach">von Schirach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gertrud_Scholtz-Klink" title="Gertrud Scholtz-Klink">Scholtz-Klink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Seldte" title="Franz Seldte">Seldte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Seyss-Inquart" title="Arthur Seyss-Inquart">Seyss-Inquart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Speer" title="Albert Speer">Speer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregor_Strasser" title="Gregor Strasser">Strasser (Gregor)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Strasser" title="Otto Strasser">Strasser (Otto)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Streicher" title="Julius Streicher">Streicher</a></li></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Nazis" title="Category:Nazis">Ideologues</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <p>Pre-<i>Machtergreifung</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Moritz_Arndt" title="Ernst Moritz Arndt">Arndt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile-Louis_Burnouf" title="Émile-Louis Burnouf">Burnouf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houston_Stewart_Chamberlain" title="Houston Stewart Chamberlain">Chamberlain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Drumont" title="Édouard Drumont">Drumont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dietrich_Eckart" title="Dietrich Eckart">Eckart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodor_Fritsch" title="Theodor Fritsch">Fritsch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_de_Gobineau" title="Arthur de Gobineau">de Gobineau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madison_Grant" title="Madison Grant">Grant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B6rg_Lanz_von_Liebenfels" title="Jörg Lanz von Liebenfels">von Liebenfels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guido_von_List" title="Guido von List">von List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_L%C3%B6ns#Reception_in_National_Socialist_Germany" title="Hermann Löns">Löns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Lueger" title="Karl Lueger">Lueger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Marr" title="Wilhelm Marr">Marr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Influence_and_reception_of_Friedrich_Nietzsche#Nietzsche_and_fascism" title="Influence and reception of Friedrich Nietzsche">Nietzsche</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(contentious)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Ratzel#Writings" title="Friedrich Ratzel">Ratzel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Heinrich_Riehl" title="Wilhelm Heinrich Riehl">Riehl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Ruskin#Politics_and_critique_of_political_economy" title="John Ruskin">Ruskin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Wagner#Views" title="Richard Wagner">Wagner</a></li></ul> <p>Post-<i>Machtergreifung</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Anacker" title="Heinrich Anacker">Anacker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Baeumler" title="Alfred Baeumler">Baeumler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Bergmann_(philosopher)" title="Ernst Bergmann (philosopher)">Bergmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred-Ingemar_Berndt" title="Alfred-Ingemar Berndt">Berndt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Walther_Darr%C3%A9" title="Richard Walther Darré">Darré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurt_Eggers" title="Kurt Eggers">Eggers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walther_Eichrodt" title="Walther Eichrodt">Eichrodt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gottfried_Feder" title="Gottfried Feder">Feder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Ford#Antisemitism_and_The_Dearborn_Independent" title="Henry Ford">Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Grimm" title="Hans Grimm">Grimm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_F._K._G%C3%BCnther" title="Hans F. K. Günther">Günther</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jakob_Wilhelm_Hauer" title="Jakob Wilhelm Hauer">Hauer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Haushofer" title="Karl Haushofer">Haushofer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Heidegger_and_Nazism" title="Martin Heidegger and Nazism">Heidegger</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(contentious)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willibald_Hentschel" title="Willibald Hentschel">Hentschel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Hoche" title="Alfred Hoche">Hoche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amin_al-Husseini#Ties_with_the_Axis_Powers_during_World_War_II" title="Amin al-Husseini">al-Husseini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Jung" title="Rudolf Jung">Jung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Krannhals" title="Paul Krannhals">Krannhals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Krieck" title="Ernst Krieck">Kriek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Lindbergh#Antisemitism_and_views_on_race" title="Charles Lindbergh">Lindbergh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_M%C3%BCller" title="Ludwig Müller">Müller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Plenge" title="Johann Plenge">Plenge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Rahn" title="Otto Rahn">Rahn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Rosenberg" title="Alfred Rosenberg">Rosenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoun_Saadeh" title="Antoun Saadeh">Saadeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Sch%C3%A4fer" title="Ernst Schäfer">Schäfer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herman_Schmalenbach" title="Herman Schmalenbach">Schmalenbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Schmitt" title="Carl Schmitt">Schmitt</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(contentious)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_von_Sebottendorf" title="Rudolf von Sebottendorf">von Sebottendorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_Schwarz_(philosopher)" title="Hermann Schwarz (philosopher)">Schwarz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Stapel" title="Wilhelm Stapel">Stapel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giselher_Wirsing" title="Giselher Wirsing">Wirsing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Zimmermann" title="Ferdinand Zimmermann">Zimmermann</a></li></ul></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Nazi_war_crimes" title="Category:Nazi war crimes">Atrocities<br /> and war crimes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Aktion_T4" title="Aktion T4">Action T4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_concentration_camps" title="Nazi concentration camps">Nazi concentration camps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extermination_camp" title="Extermination camp">Extermination camp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Final_Solution" title="Final Solution">Final Solution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_human_experimentation" title="Nazi human experimentation">Human experimentation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_genocide" class="mw-redirect" title="Romani genocide">Romani genocide</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Outside<br />Germany</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nazism_in_the_Americas" title="Nazism in the Americas">Americas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nazism_in_Brazil" title="Nazism in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazism_in_Chile" title="Nazism in Chile">Chile</a></li></ul></li> <li>Europe <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Nazism_in_Greece" title="Template:Nazism in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazism_in_Sweden" title="Nazism in Sweden">Sweden</a></li></ul></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Category:Nazi_parties" title="Category:Nazi parties">Parties</a> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Nazi_Party" title="American Nazi Party">American Nazi Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arrow_Cross_Party" title="Arrow Cross Party">Arrow Cross Party (Hungary)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_American_Bund" title="German American Bund">German American Bund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_National_Movement_in_Liechtenstein" title="German National Movement in Liechtenstein">German National Movement in Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasjonal_Samling" title="Nasjonal Samling">Nasjonal Samling (Norway)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Movement_in_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="National Socialist Movement in the Netherlands"><span class="wrap">National Socialist Movement in the Netherlands</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Movement_of_Chile" title="National Socialist Movement of Chile">National Socialist Movement of Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Movement_(United_States)" title="National Socialist Movement (United States)">National Socialist Movement<br />(United States)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Workers%27_Party_of_Denmark" title="National Socialist Workers' Party of Denmark"><span class="wrap">National Socialist Workers' Party of Denmark</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_Resistance_Movement" title="Nordic Resistance Movement">Nordic Resistance Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ossewabrandwag" title="Ossewabrandwag">Ossewabrandwag (South Africa)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SUMKA" title="SUMKA">SUMKA (Iran)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Social_Nationalist_Party" title="Syrian Social Nationalist Party">Syrian Social Nationalist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsagaan_Khas" title="Tsagaan Khas">Tsagaan Khas (Mongolia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Union_of_National_Socialists" title="World Union of National Socialists">World Union of National Socialists</a></li></ul></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Adolf_Hitler" title="Bibliography of Adolf Hitler">Bibliography of Adolf Hitler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nazi_ideologues" title="List of Nazi ideologues">Nazi ideologues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nazi_Party_leaders_and_officials" title="List of Nazi Party leaders and officials">NSDAP leaders and officials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nazis" title="List of Nazis">Nazi Party members</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_last_surviving_people_suspected_of_participation_in_Nazi_war_crimes" title="List of last surviving people suspected of participation in Nazi war crimes">Last surviving war crime suspects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nazi_ideologues" title="List of Nazi ideologues">Party ideologues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_speeches_given_by_Adolf_Hitler" title="List of speeches given by Adolf Hitler">Speeches given by Adolf Hitler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_SS_personnel" title="List of SS personnel">SS personnel</a></li></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Role and impact in <br /> German society</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazism_and_the_Wehrmacht" title="Nazism and the Wehrmacht">The Wehrmacht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Nazi_Germany" title="Economy of Nazi Germany">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Former_German_nobility_in_the_Nazi_Party" title="Former German nobility in the Nazi Party">Nobility</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related<br />topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Bolshevist_League#Historical_interpretation" title="Anti-Bolshevist League">Anti-Bolshevist League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_in_Nazi_Germany" title="Art in Nazi Germany">Art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_architecture" title="Nazi architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazism_and_cinema" title="Nazism and cinema">Cinema</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ats%C4%B1zism" title="Atsızism">Atsızism</a></i></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Beefsteak_Nazi" title="Beefsteak Nazi">Beefsteak Nazi</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Nazi_Germany" title="Economy of Nazi Germany">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denordification" title="Denordification">Denordification</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Renordification" title="Renordification">Renordification</a></li></ul></li> <li>Glossary</li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Drang_nach_Osten" title="Drang nach Osten">Drang nach Osten</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Generalplan_Ost" title="Generalplan Ost">Generalplan Ost</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_American_Bund" title="German American Bund">German American Bund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horst-Wessel-Lied" title="Horst-Wessel-Lied">Horst-Wessel-Lied</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_views_of_Adolf_Hitler" title="Political views of Adolf Hitler">Political views of Adolf Hitler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_propaganda_and_the_United_Kingdom" title="Nazi propaganda and the United Kingdom">Nazi propaganda and the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_racial_theories" title="Nazi racial theories">Racial theories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorelianism" title="Sorelianism">Sorelianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strasserism" title="Strasserism">Strasserism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Nazi_Germany" title="Women in Nazi Germany">Women</a></li></ul></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Nazism" title="Category:Nazism">Category</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Fascism116" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Fascism" title="Template:Fascism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Fascism" title="Template talk:Fascism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Fascism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Fascism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Fascism116" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Fascism" title="Fascism">Fascism</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Themes116" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Themes</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fascism#Core_tenets" title="Fascism">Core tenets</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Actual_idealism" title="Actual idealism">Actual idealism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aestheticization_of_politics" title="Aestheticization of politics">Aestheticization of politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-communism" title="Anti-communism">Anti-communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-intellectualism#Fascism" title="Anti-intellectualism">Anti-intellectualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourgeois_nation" title="Bourgeois nation">Anti-materialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacifism#Criticism" title="Pacifism">Anti-pacifism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Authoritarianism" title="Authoritarianism">Authoritarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chauvinism" title="Chauvinism">Chauvinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Class_collaboration" title="Class collaboration">Class collaboration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conspiracy_theory" title="Conspiracy theory">Conspiracism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporatism" title="Corporatism">Corporatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cult_of_personality" title="Cult of personality">Cult of personality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dictatorship" title="Dictatorship">Dictatorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direct_action" title="Direct action">Direct action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dirigisme" title="Dirigisme">Dirigisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_interventionism" class="mw-redirect" title="Economic interventionism">Economic interventionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugenics" title="Eugenics">Eugenics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heroic_capitalism" title="Heroic capitalism">Heroic capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heroic_realism" title="Heroic realism">Heroic realism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hero" title="Hero">Heroism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperialism" title="Imperialism">Imperialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indoctrination" title="Indoctrination">Indoctrination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_rationalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Criticism of rationalism">Irrationalism</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Machismo" title="Machismo">Machismo</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Model_of_masculinity_under_fascist_Italy" title="Model of masculinity under fascist Italy">Masculinity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Militarism" title="Militarism">Militarism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_syndicalism" title="National syndicalism">National syndicalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalism" title="Nationalism">Nationalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Integral_nationalism" title="Integral nationalism">Integral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palingenetic_ultranationalism" title="Palingenetic ultranationalism">Palingenetic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultranationalism" title="Ultranationalism">Ultra</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Man_(utopian_concept)#Fascist" title="New Man (utopian concept)">New Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One-party_state" title="One-party state">One-party state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perpetual_war" title="Perpetual war">Perpetual war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Populism" title="Populism">Populism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proletarian_nation" title="Proletarian nation">Proletarian nation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propaganda" title="Propaganda">Propaganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism" title="Racism">Racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reactionary_modernism" title="Reactionary modernism">Reactionary modernism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Darwinism#Nazism,_eugenics,_fascism,_imperialism" title="Social Darwinism">Social Darwinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_interventionism" title="Social interventionism">Social interventionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_order" title="Social order">Social order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_capitalism" title="State capitalism">State capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statolatry" title="Statolatry">Statolatry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supercapitalism" title="Supercapitalism">Supercapitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syncretic_politics" title="Syncretic politics">Syncretism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Position" title="Third Position">Third Position</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Totalitarianism" title="Totalitarianism">Totalitarianism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Definitions_of_fascism" title="Definitions of fascism">Definitions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economics_of_fascism" title="Economics of fascism">Economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascism_and_ideology" title="Fascism and ideology">Fascism and ideology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fascist_movements" title="List of fascist movements">Fascism worldwide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascist_symbolism" title="Fascist symbolism">Symbolism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Variants116" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Variants</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_fascism" title="Arab fascism">Arab</a></li> <li>Argentine <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nacionalismo" title="Nacionalismo">Nacionalismo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Peronism" title="Orthodox Peronism">Orthodox Peronism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrofascism" class="mw-redirect" title="Austrofascism">Austrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stepan_Bandera#Views" title="Stepan Bandera">Banderism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Integralism" class="mw-redirect" title="Brazilian Integralism">Brazilian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_fascism" title="British fascism">British</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_fascism" title="Christian fascism">Christian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Identity" title="Christian Identity">Christian Identity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Synarchist_Union#Ideology" title="National Synarchist Union">Mexican synarchism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clerical_fascism" title="Clerical fascism">Clerical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crypto-fascism" title="Crypto-fascism">Crypto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecofascism" title="Ecofascism">Eco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ideology_of_the_English_Defence_League" title="Ideology of the English Defence League">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falangism" title="Falangism">Falangism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_fascism" class="mw-redirect" title="French fascism">French</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_Popular_Party#Ideology_and_fascism_of_PPF" title="French Popular Party">Doriotism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9volution_nationale" title="Révolution nationale">Pétainism</a> <ul><li>Neo-Pétainism <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jeune_Nation#Ideology" title="Jeune Nation">Jeune Nation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%27%C5%92uvre_Fran%C3%A7aise#Ideology" title="L'Œuvre Française">L'Œuvre Française</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Faisceau#Valois's_version_of_fascism" title="Le Faisceau">Valoisism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindutva" title="Hindutva">Hindu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arrow_Cross_Party#Ideology" title="Arrow Cross Party">Hungarism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hutu_Power" title="Hutu Power">Hutu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ailtir%C3%AD_na_hAis%C3%A9irghe#Ideology" title="Ailtirí na hAiséirghe">Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamofascism" title="Islamofascism">Islamic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ziaism" title="Ziaism">Ziaism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_fascism" title="Italian fascism">Italian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intransigent_fascism" title="Intransigent fascism">Intransigent</a></li></ul></li> <li>Japanese <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emperor-system_fascism" title="Emperor-system fascism">Emperor-system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reform_bureaucrats" title="Reform bureaucrats">Reform bureaucratism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statism_in_Sh%C5%8Dwa_Japan" title="Statism in Shōwa Japan">Statism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dwa_Restoration" title="Shōwa Restoration">Restoration</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_fascism" title="Jewish fascism">Jewish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kahanism" title="Kahanism">Kahanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revisionist_Maximalism" title="Revisionist Maximalism">Revisionist Maximalism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascism_in_Asia#Korean_Peninsula" title="Fascism in Asia">Korean</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ilminism" title="Ilminism">Ilminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Right_(South_Korea)" title="New Right (South Korea)">Nyulaiteu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Views_of_Lyndon_LaRouche_and_the_LaRouche_movement" title="Views of Lyndon LaRouche and the LaRouche movement">LaRoucheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C4%93rkonkrusts#Principles_and_ideology" title="Pērkonkrusts">Latvian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascist_mysticism" title="Fascist mysticism">Mystical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazism" title="Nazism">Nazism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_Nazism" title="Austrian Nazism">Austrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esoteric_Nazism" class="mw-redirect" title="Esoteric Nazism">Esoteric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_views_of_Adolf_Hitler" title="Political views of Adolf Hitler">Hitlerism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Nazism" title="Neo-Nazism">Neo-Nazism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Nazism_in_Russia#Ideology" title="Neo-Nazism in Russia">Russian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strasserism" title="Strasserism">Strasserism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazism_in_Sweden#Ideology" title="Nazism in Sweden">Swedish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-fascism" title="Neo-fascism">Neo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blue-and-Black_Movement#Ideology" title="Blue-and-Black Movement">Finnish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dark_Enlightenment" title="Dark Enlightenment">NRx</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nine_Lights_Doctrine" title="Nine Lights Doctrine">Pan-Turkic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rexist_Party#Ideology" title="Rexist Party">Rexism</a></li> <li>Romanian <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Legionarism" class="mw-redirect" title="Legionarism">Legionarism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Legionarism" title="Neo-Legionarism">Neo-Legionarism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crusade_of_Romanianism#Ideology" title="Crusade of Romanianism">Romanianism/Stelism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruscism" title="Ruscism">Russian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eurasianism#Eurasianism_as_ideology" title="Eurasianism">Neo-Eurasianism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascist_syndicalism" title="Fascist syndicalism">Syndicalist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Social_Nationalist_Party#Ideology" title="Syrian Social Nationalist Party">Syrian Social Nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Techno-fascism" class="mw-redirect" title="Techno-fascism">Techno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Position" title="Third Position">Third Positionism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National-anarchism" title="National-anarchism">National-anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Bolshevism" title="National Bolshevism">National Bolshevism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi-Maoism" title="Nazi-Maoism">Nazi-Maoism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascism_in_Uruguay" title="Fascism in Uruguay">Uruguayan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fascism_in_Uruguay#Marzism" title="Fascism in Uruguay">Marzism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascism_in_Uruguay#Uruguayan_revisionism" title="Fascism in Uruguay">Revisionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sosism" title="Sosism">Sosism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usta%C5%A1e#Ideology" title="Ustaše">Ustašism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Movements116" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Movements</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afrikaner_Weerstandsbeweging" title="Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging">Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_for_the_Liberation_of_Rwanda" title="Army for the Liberation of Rwanda">Army for the Liberation of Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coalition_for_the_Defence_of_the_Republic" title="Coalition for the Defence of the Republic">Coalition for the Defence of the Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Forces_for_the_Liberation_of_Rwanda" title="Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda">Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Gentile_National_Socialist_Movement" title="South African Gentile National Socialist Movement">Greyshirts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_Association_of_the_Lictor" title="Muslim Association of the Lictor">Muslim Association of the Lictor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Revolutionary_Movement_for_Development" title="National Revolutionary Movement for Development">National Revolutionary Movement for Development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ossewabrandwag" title="Ossewabrandwag">Ossewabrandwag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_T%C3%A9l%C3%A9vision_Libre_des_Mille_Collines" title="Radio Télévision Libre des Mille Collines">Radio Télévision Libre des Mille Collines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Democratic_Movement" title="Republican Democratic Movement">Republican Democratic Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Egypt_Party_(1933)" title="Young Egypt Party (1933)">Young Egypt Party (1933)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fascism_in_Asia" title="Fascism in Asia">Asia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abhinav_Bharat" title="Abhinav Bharat">Abhinav Bharat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Muthanna_Club" title="Al-Muthanna Club">Al-Muthanna Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aria_Party" title="Aria Party">Aria Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan_National_Democrat_Party" title="Azerbaijan National Democrat Party">Azerbaijan National Democrat Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azure_Party" title="Azure Party">Azure Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Dragon_Society" title="Black Dragon Society">Black Dragon Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brit_HaBirionim" title="Brit HaBirionim">Brit HaBirionim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concordia_Association" title="Concordia Association">Concordia Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grey_Wolves_(organization)" title="Grey Wolves (organization)">Grey Wolves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Square_(Iraq)" title="Golden Square (Iraq)">Golden Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_Mahasabha" title="Hindu Mahasabha">Hindu Mahasabha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran-e-No_Party" title="Iran-e-No Party">Iran-e-No Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_National_Front" title="Jewish National Front">Jewish National Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kach_(political_party)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kach (political party)">Kach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kataeb_Party" title="Kataeb Party">Kataeb Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenkokukai" title="Kenkokukai">Kenkokukai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kokumin_D%C5%8Dmei" title="Kokumin Dōmei">Kokumin Dōmei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korea_Nationalist_Party" title="Korea Nationalist Party">Korea Nationalist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_National_Youth_Association" title="Korean National Youth Association">Korean National Youth Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lehi_(militant_group)" title="Lehi (militant group)">Lehi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(South_Korea)" title="Liberal Party (South Korea)">Liberal Party (South Korea)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasyonal_Aktivite_ve_Zinde_%C4%B0nki%C5%9Faf" title="Nasyonal Aktivite ve Zinde İnkişaf">Nasyonal Aktivite ve Zinde İnkişaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialism_Association" title="National Socialism Association">National Socialism Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Japanese_Workers%27_Party" title="National Socialist Japanese Workers' Party">National Socialist Japanese Workers' Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalist_Movement_Party" title="Nationalist Movement Party">Nationalist Movement Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalist_Task_Party" title="Nationalist Task Party">Nationalist Task Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Will_Party" title="National Will Party">National Will Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nation_Party_of_Iran" title="Nation Party of Iran">Nation Party of Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otzma_Yehudit" title="Otzma Yehudit">Otzma Yehudit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Iranist_Party" title="Pan-Iranist Party">Pan-Iranist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestine_Arab_Party" title="Palestine Arab Party">Palestine Arab Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrol_36" title="Patrol 36">Patrol 36</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progress_Party_(Iran)" title="Progress Party (Iran)">Progress Party (Iran)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Falange" title="Philippine Falange">Philippine Falange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rastakhiz_Party" title="Rastakhiz Party">Rastakhiz Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rastriya_Prajatantra_Party" title="Rastriya Prajatantra Party">Rastriya Prajatantra Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reform_bureaucrats" title="Reform bureaucrats">Reform bureaucrats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_Zionist_Party" title="Religious Zionist Party">Religious Zionist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakurakai" title="Sakurakai">Sakurakai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sangh_Parivar" title="Sangh Parivar">Sangh Parivar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akhil_Bharatiya_Vidyarthi_Parishad" title="Akhil Bharatiya Vidyarthi Parishad">Akhil Bharatiya Vidyarthi Parishad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Gau_Raksha_Dal" class="mw-redirect" title="Bharatiya Gau Raksha Dal">Bharatiya Gau Raksha Dal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party">Bharatiya Janata Party</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Yuva_Morcha" title="Bharatiya Janata Yuva Morcha">Bharatiya Janata Yuva Morcha</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Jana_Sangh" title="Bharatiya Jana Sangh">Bharatiya Jana Sangh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Kisan_Sangh" title="Bharatiya Kisan Sangh">Bharatiya Kisan Sangh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Mazdoor_Sangh" title="Bharatiya Mazdoor Sangh">Bharatiya Mazdoor Sangh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bharat_Vikas_Parishad" title="Bharat Vikas Parishad">Bharat Vikas Parishad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekal_Vidyalaya" title="Ekal Vidyalaya">Ekal Vidyalaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_Makkal_Katchi" title="Hindu Makkal Katchi">Hindu Makkal Katchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_Munnani" title="Hindu Munnani">Hindu Munnani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_Swayamsevak_Sangh" title="Hindu Swayamsevak Sangh">Hindu Swayamsevak Sangh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jammu_Praja_Parishad" title="Jammu Praja Parishad">Jammu Praja Parishad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_Rashtriya_Manch" title="Muslim Rashtriya Manch">Muslim Rashtriya Manch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram_Janmabhoomi_Nyas" title="Ram Janmabhoomi Nyas">Ram Janmabhoomi Nyas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashtra_Sevika_Samiti" title="Rashtra Sevika Samiti">Rashtra Sevika Samiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashtriya_Sikh_Sangat" title="Rashtriya Sikh Sangat">Rashtriya Sikh Sangat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashtriya_Swayamsevak_Sangh" title="Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh">Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akhil_Bharatiya_Itihas_Sankalan_Yojana" title="Akhil Bharatiya Itihas Sankalan Yojana">Akhil Bharatiya Itihas Sankalan Yojana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seva_Bharati" title="Seva Bharati">Seva Bharati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vidya_Bharati" title="Vidya Bharati">Vidya Bharati</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanavasi_Kalyan_Ashram" title="Vanavasi Kalyan Ashram">Vanavasi Kalyan Ashram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishva_Hindu_Parishad" title="Vishva Hindu Parishad">Vishva Hindu Parishad</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bajrang_Dal" title="Bajrang Dal">Bajrang Dal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durga_Vahini" title="Durga Vahini">Durga Vahini</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SUMKA" title="SUMKA">SUMKA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Social_Nationalist_Party" title="Syrian Social Nationalist Party">Syrian Social Nationalist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C5%8Dh%C5%8Dkai" title="Tōhōkai">Tōhōkai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsagaan_Khas" title="Tsagaan Khas">Tsagaan Khas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Union_Party_(Northern_Cyprus)" title="Turkish Union Party (Northern Cyprus)">Turkish Union Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuomintang_(Wang_Jingwei)" title="Kuomintang (Wang Jingwei)">Wang Jingwei Kuomintang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fascism_in_Europe" title="Fascism in Europe">Northern / Northwestern Europe</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Academic_Karelia_Society" title="Academic Karelia Society">Academic Karelia Society</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ailtir%C3%AD_na_hAis%C3%A9irghe" title="Ailtirí na hAiséirghe">Ailtirí na hAiséirghe</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Autonome_Nationalisten" title="Autonome Nationalisten">Autonome Nationalisten</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bases_Aut%C3%B3nomas" title="Bases Autónomas">Bases Autónomas</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Front_(Netherlands)" title="Black Front (Netherlands)">Black Front (Netherlands)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blood_%26_Honour" title="Blood & Honour">Blood & Honour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blueshirts" title="Blueshirts">Blueshirts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breton_Social-National_Workers%27_Movement" title="Breton Social-National Workers' Movement">Breton Social-National Workers' Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Democratic_Party_(2013)" title="British Democratic Party (2013)">British Democratic Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Fascists" title="British Fascists">British Fascists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Britain_First" title="Britain First">Britain First</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_League_of_Ex-Servicemen_and_Women" title="British League of Ex-Servicemen and Women">British League of Ex-Servicemen and Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Movement" title="British Movement">British Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_National_Party_(1960)" title="British National Party (1960)">British National Party (1960)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_National_Party" title="British National Party">British National Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_People%27s_Party_(1939)" title="British People's Party (1939)">British People's Party (1939)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_People%27s_Party_(2005)" title="British People's Party (2005)">British People's Party (2005)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Union_of_Fascists" title="British Union of Fascists">British Union of Fascists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Britons" title="The Britons">The Britons</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/La_Cagoule" title="La Cagoule">La Cagoule</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casuals_United" title="Casuals United">Casuals United</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centre_Party_%2786" title="Centre Party '86">Centre Party '86</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clerical_People%27s_Party" title="Clerical People's Party">Clerical People's Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Defence_League#Dutch_Defence_League" title="European Defence League">Dutch Defence League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Fascist_Union" title="Dutch Fascist Union">Dutch Fascist Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Defence_League" title="English Defence League">English Defence League</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Defence_League" title="European Defence League">European Defence League</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_National_Association" title="English National Association">English National Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Liberation_Front" title="European Liberation Front">European Liberation Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Faisceau" title="Le Faisceau">Le Faisceau</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_d%27action_nationale_et_europ%C3%A9enne" title="Fédération d'action nationale et européenne">Fédération d'action nationale et européenne</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_National_Socialist_Labor_Organisation" title="Finnish National Socialist Labor Organisation">Finnish National Socialist Labor Organisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_People%27s_Organisation" title="Finnish People's Organisation">Finnish People's Organisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish-Socialist_Workers%27_Party" title="Finnish-Socialist Workers' Party">Finnish-Socialist Workers' Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vlaamsch_Nationaal_Verbond" title="Vlaamsch Nationaal Verbond">Flemish National Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_National-Collectivist_Party" title="French National-Collectivist Party">French National-Collectivist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Nationalist_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="French Nationalist Party">French Nationalist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Popular_Party" title="French Popular Party">French Popular Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Dutch_Fascist_League" title="General Dutch Fascist League">General Dutch Fascist League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Britain_Movement" title="Greater Britain Movement">Greater Britain Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groupe_Collaboration" title="Groupe Collaboration">Groupe Collaboration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heathen_Front" title="Heathen Front">Heathen Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Fascist_League" title="Imperial Fascist League">Imperial Fascist League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Third_Position" title="International Third Position">International Third Position</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeune_Nation" title="Jeune Nation">Jeune Nation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lalli_Alliance_of_Finland" title="Lalli Alliance of Finland">Lalli Alliance of Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lapua_Movement" title="Lapua Movement">Lapua Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_of_Saint_George" title="League of Saint George">League of Saint George</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Les_Identitaires" title="Les Identitaires">Les Identitaires</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mouvement_d%27Action_Civique" title="Mouvement d'Action Civique">Mouvement d'Action Civique</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mouvement_Franciste" title="Mouvement Franciste">Mouvement Franciste</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nasjonal_Samling" title="Nasjonal Samling">Nasjonal Samling</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Action_(UK)" title="National Action (UK)">National Action (UK)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Alliance_(Sweden)" title="National Alliance (Sweden)">National Alliance (Sweden)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Corporate_Party" title="National Corporate Party">National Corporate Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Fascisti" title="National Fascisti">National Fascisti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Front_(UK)" title="National Front (UK)">National Front (UK)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_League_of_Sweden" title="National League of Sweden">National League of Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalist_Party_(Iceland)" title="Nationalist Party (Iceland)">Nationalist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Popular_Rally" title="National Popular Rally">National Popular Rally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Rally" title="National Rally">National Rally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Bloc" title="National Socialist Bloc">National Socialist Bloc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Dutch_Workers_Party" title="National Socialist Dutch Workers Party">National Socialist Dutch Workers Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Front" title="National Socialist Front">National Socialist Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_League" title="National Socialist League">National Socialist League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Movement_(UK,_1962)" title="National Socialist Movement (UK, 1962)">National Socialist Movement (UK, 1962)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Movement_(United_Kingdom)" title="National Socialist Movement (United Kingdom)">National Socialist Movement (United Kingdom)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Movement_in_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="National Socialist Movement in the Netherlands">National Socialist Movement in the Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Movement_of_Norway" title="National Socialist Movement of Norway">National Socialist Movement of Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Union_of_Finland" title="National Socialist Union of Finland">National Socialist Union of Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Workers%27_Party_(Sweden)" title="National Socialist Workers' Party (Sweden)">National Socialist Workers' Party (Sweden)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Workers%27_Party_of_Denmark" title="National Socialist Workers' Party of Denmark">National Socialist Workers' Party of Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialists_of_Finland" title="National Socialists of Finland">National Socialists of Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Syndicalists_(Portugal)" title="National Syndicalists (Portugal)">National Syndicalists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Union_(Netherlands)" title="National Union (Netherlands)">National Union (Netherlands)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Union_(Portugal)" title="National Union (Portugal)">National Union (Portugal)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Party_(UK)" title="New Party (UK)">New Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nipster" title="Nipster">Nipsters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_League" title="Nordic League">Nordic League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Nordic_Realm_Party" title="The Nordic Realm Party">The Nordic Realm Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_Resistance_Movement" title="Nordic Resistance Movement">Nordic Resistance Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_League_(United_Kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern League (United Kingdom)">Northern League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Defence_League#Norwegian_Defence_League" title="European Defence League">Norwegian Defence League</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nouvelle_Droite" title="Nouvelle Droite">Nouvelle Droite</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GRECE" title="GRECE">GRECE</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/L%27%C5%92uvre_Fran%C3%A7aise" title="L'Œuvre Française">L'Œuvre Française</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Official_National_Front" title="Official National Front">Official National Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Flemish_Militants" title="Order of Flemish Militants">Order of Flemish Militants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Nine_Angles" title="Order of Nine Angles">Order of Nine Angles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organisation_of_National_Socialists" title="Organisation of National Socialists">Organisation of National Socialists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Communautaire_National-Europ%C3%A9en" title="Parti Communautaire National-Européen">Parti Communautaire National-Européen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_of_Finnish_Labor" title="Party of Finnish Labor">Party of Finnish Labor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_of_the_Swedes" title="Party of the Swedes">Party of the Swedes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriotic_Alternative" title="Patriotic Alternative">Patriotic Alternative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriotic_People%27s_Movement" title="Patriotic People's Movement">Patriotic People's Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriotic_People%27s_Movement_(1993)" title="Patriotic People's Movement (1993)">Patriotic People's Movement (1993)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/P%C4%93rkonkrusts" title="Pērkonkrusts">Pērkonkrusts</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Phalange_Fran%C3%A7aise" title="Phalange Française">Phalange Française</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ragnarock" title="Ragnarock">Ragnarock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebelles_Europ%C3%A9ens" title="Rebelles Européens">Rebelles Européens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rexist_Party" title="Rexist Party">Rexist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rising_Finland" title="Rising Finland">Rising Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Democratic_Fascist_Party" title="Scottish Democratic Fascist Party">Scottish Democratic Fascist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Protestant_League" title="Scottish Protestant League">Scottish Protestant League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skrewdriver" title="Skrewdriver">Skrewdriver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skullhead" title="Skullhead">Skullhead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stormers_(Finland)" title="Stormers (Finland)">Stormers</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Terre_et_Peuple" title="Terre et Peuple">Terre et Peuple</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Way_(France)" title="Third Way (France)">Third Way (France)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Way_(UK_organisation)" title="Third Way (UK organisation)">Third Way (UK)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_Movement" title="Union Movement">Union Movement</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Verdinaso" title="Verdinaso">Verdinaso</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vigrid_(Norway)" title="Vigrid (Norway)">Vigrid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Aryan_Resistance_(Sweden)" title="White Aryan Resistance (Sweden)">White Aryan Resistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Union_of_National_Socialists" title="World Union of National Socialists">World Union of National Socialists</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fascism_in_Europe" title="Fascism in Europe">Central Europe</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Action_Front_of_National_Socialists/National_Activists" title="Action Front of National Socialists/National Activists">Action Front of National Socialists/National Activists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arrow_Cross_Party" title="Arrow Cross Party">Arrow Cross Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artgemeinschaft" title="Artgemeinschaft">Artgemeinschaft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_Nazism" title="Austrian Nazism">Austrian Nazism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Front" title="Black Front">Black Front</a> (Germany)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bund_Deutscher_Osten" title="Bund Deutscher Osten">Bund Deutscher Osten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_National_Socialist_Front" title="Christian National Socialist Front">Christian National Socialist Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Reichspartei" title="Deutsche Reichspartei">Deutsche Reichspartei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eidgen%C3%B6ssische_Sammlung" title="Eidgenössische Sammlung">Eidgenössische Sammlung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_German_Workers%27_Party" title="Free German Workers' Party">Free German Workers' Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Faith_Movement" title="German Faith Movement">German Faith Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_National_Movement_in_Liechtenstein" title="German National Movement in Liechtenstein">German National Movement in Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_National_Socialist_Workers%27_Party_(Czechoslovakia)" title="German National Socialist Workers' Party (Czechoslovakia)">German National Socialist Workers' Party (Czechoslovakia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Social_Union_(West_Germany)" title="German Social Union (West Germany)">German Social Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honor_(band)" title="Honor (band)">Honor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_National_Front" title="Hungarian National Front">Hungarian National Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_National_Socialist_Agricultural_Labourers%27_and_Workers%27_Party" title="Hungarian National Socialist Agricultural Labourers' and Workers' Party">Hungarian National Socialist Agricultural Labourers' and Workers' Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_National_Socialist_Party" title="Hungarian National Socialist Party">Hungarian National Socialist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kampfbund_Deutscher_Sozialisten" title="Kampfbund Deutscher Sozialisten">Kampfbund Deutscher Sozialisten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landser_(band)" title="Landser (band)">Landser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein_Homeland_Service" title="Liechtenstein Homeland Service">Liechtenstein Homeland Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Democratic_Party_(Austria)" title="National Democratic Party (Austria)">National Democratic Party (Austria)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Democratic_Party_of_Germany" title="National Democratic Party of Germany">National Democratic Party of Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Front_(Hungary)" title="National Front (Hungary)">National Front (Hungary)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Front_(Switzerland)" title="National Front (Switzerland)">National Front (Switzerland)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Movement_of_Switzerland" title="National Movement of Switzerland">National Movement of Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Radical_Camp" title="National Radical Camp">National Radical Camp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Radical_Camp#Modern_incarnation_(1993)" title="National Radical Camp">National Radical Camp (1993)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Revival_of_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="National Revival of Poland">National Revival of Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Union_(Switzerland)" title="National Union (Switzerland)">National Union (Switzerland)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalist_Front_(Germany)" title="Nationalist Front (Germany)">Nationalist Front (Germany)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Party" title="Nazi Party">Nazi Party</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_German_People%27s_Community" title="Greater German People's Community">Greater German People's Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Freedom_Movement" title="National Socialist Freedom Movement">National Socialist Freedom Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Working_Association" title="National Socialist Working Association">National Socialist Working Association</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Order_(Germany)" title="New Order (Germany)">New Order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nipster" title="Nipster">Nipsters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No_Colours_Records" title="No Colours Records">No Colours Records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PC_Records" title="PC Records">PC Records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Positive_Christianity" title="Positive Christianity">Positive Christianity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_Christians_(movement)" title="German Christians (movement)">German Christians</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Right_(Germany)" title="The Right (Germany)">The Right (Germany)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock-O-Rama_Records" title="Rock-O-Rama Records">Rock-O-Rama Records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shield_and_Sword_(festival)" title="Shield and Sword (festival)">Shield and Sword</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Reich_Party" title="Socialist Reich Party">Socialist Reich Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stahlgewitter" title="Stahlgewitter">Stahlgewitter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudeten_German_Party" title="Sudeten German Party">Sudeten German Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Way_(Germany)" title="Third Way (Germany)">The Third Path</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Hungarian_National_Socialist_Party" title="United Hungarian National Socialist Party">United Hungarian National Socialist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volksdeutsche_Bewegung" title="Volksdeutsche Bewegung">Volksdeutsche Bewegung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volkssozialistische_Bewegung_Deutschlands/Partei_der_Arbeit" title="Volkssozialistische Bewegung Deutschlands/Partei der Arbeit">Volkssozialistische Bewegung Deutschlands/Partei der Arbeit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiking-Jugend" title="Wiking-Jugend">Wiking-Jugend</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fascism_in_Europe" title="Fascism in Europe">Southern Europe</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AD%C3%91%E2%80%93Spanish_Identity" title="ADÑ–Spanish Identity">ADÑ–Spanish Identity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Fascist_Party" title="Albanian Fascist Party">Albanian Fascist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balli_Komb%C3%ABtar" title="Balli Kombëtar">Balli Kombëtar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brothers_of_Italy" title="Brothers of Italy">Brothers of Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CEDADE" title="CEDADE">CEDADE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Fascist_Party" title="Democratic Fascist Party">Democratic Fascist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Nation_State" title="European Nation State">European Nation State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fasci_d%27Azione_Rivoluzionaria" title="Fasci d'Azione Rivoluzionaria">Fasci d'Azione Rivoluzionaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fasci_Italiani_di_Combattimento" title="Fasci Italiani di Combattimento">Fasci Italiani di Combattimento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascio_d%27Azione_Rivoluzionaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Fascio d'Azione Rivoluzionaria">Fascio d'Azione Rivoluzionaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FET_y_de_las_JONS" title="FET y de las JONS">Falange</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Secci%C3%B3n_Femenina" title="Sección Femenina">Sección Femenina</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Falange_(1999)" title="La Falange (1999)">La Falange (1999)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falange_Aut%C3%A9ntica" title="Falange Auténtica">Falange Auténtica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falange_Espa%C3%B1ola" title="Falange Española">Falange Española</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falange_Espa%C3%B1ola_Aut%C3%A9ntica" title="Falange Española Auténtica">Falange Española Auténtica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falange_Espa%C3%B1ola_de_las_JONS" title="Falange Española de las JONS">Falange Española de las JONS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falange_Espa%C3%B1ola_de_las_JONS_(1976)" title="Falange Española de las JONS (1976)">Falange Española de las JONS (1976)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falange_Espa%C3%B1ola_Independiente" title="Falange Española Independiente">Falange Española Independiente</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falangist_Movement_of_Spain" title="Falangist Movement of Spain">Falangist Movement of Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freethinkers%27_Party" title="Freethinkers' Party">Freethinkers' Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperium_Europa" title="Imperium Europa">Imperium Europa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_fascism" title="Italian fascism">Italian fascism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Fascist_Party" title="National Fascist Party">National Fascist Party</a> (Italy)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Social_Republic" title="Italian Social Republic">Italian Social Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Fascist_Party" title="Republican Fascist Party">Republican Fascist Party</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Social_Movement" title="Italian Social Movement">Italian Social Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juntas_de_Ofensiva_Nacional-Sindicalista" title="Juntas de Ofensiva Nacional-Sindicalista">Juntas de Ofensiva Nacional-Sindicalista</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juntas_Espa%C3%B1olas" title="Juntas Españolas">Juntas Españolas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Alliance_(Spain)" title="National Alliance (Spain)">National Alliance (Spain)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Alliance_July_18" title="National Alliance July 18">National Alliance July 18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Democracy_(Italy)" title="National Democracy (Italy)">National Democracy (Italy)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Democracy_(Spain)" title="National Democracy (Spain)">National Democracy (Spain)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Front_(Spain,_1986)" title="National Front (Spain, 1986)">National Front (Spain, 1986)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Front_(Spain,_2006)" title="National Front (Spain, 2006)">National Front (Spain, 2006)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Union_(Italy,_1923)" title="National Union (Italy, 1923)">National Union (Italy, 1923)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Union_(Spain)" title="National Union (Spain)">National Union (Spain)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Force_(Italy)" title="New Force (Italy)">New Force (Italy)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Force_(Spain)" title="New Force (Spain)">New Force (Spain)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Social_Movement" title="Republican Social Movement">Republican Social Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Right_(Italy)" title="The Right (Italy)">The Right (Italy)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sammarinese_Fascist_Party" title="Sammarinese Fascist Party">Sammarinese Fascist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Military_Union" title="Spanish Military Union">Spanish Military Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi-Maoism" title="Nazi-Maoism">Struggle of the People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Student_Action_(Italy)" title="Student Action (Italy)">Student Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terza_Posizione" title="Terza Posizione">Terza Posizione</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tricolour_Flame" title="Tricolour Flame">Tricolour Flame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unidad_Falangista_Monta%C3%B1esa" title="Unidad Falangista Montañesa">Unidad Falangista Montañesa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youth_Front" title="Youth Front">Youth Front</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fascism_in_Europe" title="Fascism in Europe">Eastern and Southeastern Europe</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autochthonous_Croatian_Party_of_Rights" title="Autochthonous Croatian Party of Rights">Autochthonous Croatian Party of Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnian_Movement_of_National_Pride" title="Bosnian Movement of National Pride">Bosnian Movement of National Pride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_National_Socialist_Workers_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Bulgarian National Socialist Workers Party">Bulgarian National Socialist Workers Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Liberation_Movement" title="Croatian Liberation Movement">Croatian Liberation Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_National_Resistance" title="Croatian National Resistance">Croatian National Resistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Party_of_Rights" title="Croatian Party of Rights">Croatian Party of Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crusade_of_Romanianism" title="Crusade of Romanianism">Crusade of Romanianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_National_Union" title="Ethnic National Union">Ethnic National Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurasia_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Eurasia Movement">Eurasia Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurasia_Party" title="Eurasia Party">Eurasia Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falanga_(organisation)" title="Falanga (organisation)">Falanga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Format18" title="Format18">Format18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/For_the_Native_Language!" title="For the Native Language!">For the Native Language!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Front_of_National_Revolutionary_Action" title="Front of National Revolutionary Action">Front of National Revolutionary Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Party_(Romania)" title="German Party (Romania)">German Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_People%27s_Party_(Romania)" title="German People's Party (Romania)">German People's Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Dawn_(Greece)" title="Golden Dawn (Greece)">Golden Dawn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_National_Socialist_Party" title="Greek National Socialist Party">Greek National Socialist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hosank" title="Hosank">Hosank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron_Guard" title="Iron Guard">Iron Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolovrat_(band)" title="Kolovrat (band)">Kolovrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LEPEN_(political_party)" title="LEPEN (political party)">LEPEN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democratic_Party_of_Russia" title="Liberal Democratic Party of Russia">Liberal Democratic Party of Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Nationalist_Union" title="Lithuanian Nationalist Union">Lithuanian Nationalist Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Agrarian_Party" title="National Agrarian Party">National Agrarian Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Bolshevik_Front" title="National Bolshevik Front">National Bolshevik Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Bolshevik_Party" title="National Bolshevik Party">National Bolshevik Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National-Christian_Defense_League" title="National-Christian Defense League">National-Christian Defense League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Christian_Party" title="National Christian Party">National Christian Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Fascist_Community" title="National Fascist Community">National Fascist Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Fascist_Movement" title="National Fascist Movement">National Fascist Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Italo-Romanian_Cultural_and_Economic_Movement" title="National Italo-Romanian Cultural and Economic Movement">National Italo-Romanian Cultural and Economic Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Party_%E2%80%93_Greeks" title="National Party – Greeks">National Party – Greeks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Patriotic_Organisation" title="National Socialist Patriotic Organisation">National Socialist Patriotic Organisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Society" title="National Socialist Society">National Socialist Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Social_Movement" title="National Social Movement">National Social Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Radical_Camp" title="National Radical Camp">National Radical Camp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Romanian_Fascio" title="National Romanian Fascio">National Romanian Fascio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Renaissance_Front" title="National Renaissance Front">National Renaissance Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Salvation_Front_(Russia)" title="National Salvation Front (Russia)">National Salvation Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nokturnal_Mortum" title="Nokturnal Mortum">Nokturnal Mortum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialism_/_White_Power" title="National Socialism / White Power">National Socialism / White Power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obraz_(organization)" title="Obraz (organization)">Obraz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupy_Pedophilia" title="Occupy Pedophilia">Occupy Pedophilia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Nine_Angles" title="Order of Nine Angles">Order of Nine Angles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organization_of_Ukrainian_Nationalists" class="mw-redirect" title="Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists">Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Other_Russia_of_E._V._Limonov" title="The Other Russia of E. V. Limonov">The Other Russia of E. V. Limonov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pamyat" title="Pamyat">Pamyat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriotic_Alliance_(Greece)" title="Patriotic Alliance (Greece)">Patriotic Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_(interwar_Romania)" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Party (interwar Romania)">People's Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Socialist_Party_of_Ukraine" title="Progressive Socialist Party of Ukraine">Progressive Socialist Party of Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ratniks" title="Ratniks">Ratniks</a> (Bulgaria)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Front" title="Romanian Front">Romanian Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Imperial_Movement" title="Russian Imperial Movement">Russian Imperial Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Fascist_Party" title="Russian Fascist Party">Russian Fascist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_National_Unity" title="Russian National Unity">Russian National Unity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Women%27s_Fascist_Movement" title="Russian Women's Fascist Movement">Russian Women's Fascist Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_Action" title="Serbian Action">Serbian Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_Radical_Party" title="Serbian Radical Party">Serbian Radical Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_People%27s_Party" title="Slovak People's Party">Slovak People's Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Party_(Romania)" title="National Socialist Party (Romania)">Steel Shield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Svoboda_(political_party)" title="Svoboda (political party)">Svoboda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Bulgarian_National_Legions" title="Union of Bulgarian National Legions">Union of Bulgarian National Legions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usta%C5%A1e" title="Ustaše">Ustaše</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Usta%C5%A1e_in_Australia" title="Ustaše in Australia">Ustaše in Australia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Revolutionary_Brotherhood" title="Croatian Revolutionary Brotherhood">Croatian Revolutionary Brotherhood</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vlajka" title="Vlajka">Vlajka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Radical_Union" title="Yugoslav Radical Union">Yugoslav Radical Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_National_Movement" title="Yugoslav National Movement">ZBOR</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fascism_in_North_America" title="Fascism in North America">North America</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fascism_in_Canada" title="Fascism in Canada">Fascism in Canada</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aryan_Guard" title="Aryan Guard">Aryan Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aryan_Nations" title="Aryan Nations">Aryan Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Association_for_Free_Expression" title="Canadian Association for Free Expression">Canadian Association for Free Expression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Union_of_Fascists" title="Canadian Union of Fascists">Canadian Union of Fascists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citizens_for_Foreign_Aid_Reform" title="Citizens for Foreign Aid Reform">Citizens for Foreign Aid Reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heritage_Front" title="Heritage Front">Heritage Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Unity_Party_(Canada)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Unity Party (Canada)">Parti national social chrétien</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascism_in_North_America#United_States" title="Fascism in North America">Fascism in the United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Front" title="American Front">American Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Nazi_Party" title="American Nazi Party">American Nazi Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creativity_(religion)" title="Creativity (religion)">Creativity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascist_League_of_North_America" title="Fascist League of North America">Fascist League of North America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_American_Bund" title="German American Bund">German American Bund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goyim_Defense_League" title="Goyim Defense League">Goyim Defense League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hammerskins" title="Hammerskins">Hammerskins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Identity_Evropa" title="Identity Evropa">Identity Evropa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LaRouche_movement" title="LaRouche movement">LaRouche movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_of_the_South" title="League of the South">League of the South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Alliance_(United_States)" title="National Alliance (United States)">National Alliance (United States)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Renaissance_Party_(United_States)" title="National Renaissance Party (United States)">National Renaissance Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalist_Social_Club-131" title="Nationalist Social Club-131">Nationalist Social Club-131</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Legion" title="National Socialist Legion">National Socialist Legion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Liberation_Front" title="National Socialist Liberation Front">National Socialist Liberation Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Movement_(United_States)" title="National Socialist Movement (United States)">National Socialist Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_States%27_Rights_Party" title="National States' Rights Party">National States' Rights Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Vanguard_(American_organization)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Vanguard (American organization)">National Vanguard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalist_Front_(United_States)" title="Nationalist Front (United States)">Nationalist Front (United States)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Order_(white_supremacist_group)" title="The Order (white supremacist group)">The Order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriot_Front" title="Patriot Front">Patriot Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proud_Boys" title="Proud Boys">Proud Boys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rise_Above_Movement" title="Rise Above Movement">Rise Above Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silver_Legion_of_America" title="Silver Legion of America">Silver Legion of America</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Party_(United_States,_1930s)" title="Christian Party (United States, 1930s)">Christian Party (United States, 1930s)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ku_Klux_Klan" title="Ku Klux Klan">Third Klan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditionalist_Worker_Party" title="Traditionalist Worker Party">Traditionalist Worker Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanguard_America" title="Vanguard America">Vanguard America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volksfront" title="Volksfront">Volksfront</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Aryan_Resistance" title="White Aryan Resistance">White Aryan Resistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wotansvolk" title="Wotansvolk">Wotansvolk</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Mexicanist_Action" title="Revolutionary Mexicanist Action">Revolutionary Mexicanist Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_Democratic_Party" title="Mexican Democratic Party">Mexican Democratic Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_Fascist_Party" title="Mexican Fascist Party">Mexican Fascist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Pro_Patria_Party" title="National Pro Patria Party">National Pro Patria Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Synarchist_Union" title="National Synarchist Union">National Synarchist Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalist_Front_of_Mexico" title="Nationalist Front of Mexico">Nationalist Front of Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Nine_Angles" title="Order of Nine Angles">Order of Nine Angles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Oceania" title="Oceania">Oceania</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Action_Zealandia" title="Action Zealandia">Action Zealandia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antipodean_Resistance" title="Antipodean Resistance">Antipodean Resistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australia_First_Movement" title="Australia First Movement">Australia First Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australia_First_Party" title="Australia First Party">Australia First Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Defence_League" title="Australian Defence League">Australian Defence League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_National_Socialist_Party" title="Australian National Socialist Party">Australian National Socialist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centre_Party_(New_South_Wales)" title="Centre Party (New South Wales)">Centre Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lads_Society" title="Lads Society">Lads Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Action_(Australia)" title="National Action (Australia)">National Action (Australia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Network" title="National Socialist Network">National Socialist Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Party_of_Australia" title="National Socialist Party of Australia">National Socialist Party of Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Nationalist_Party" title="Progressive Nationalist Party">Progressive Nationalist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reclaim_Australia" title="Reclaim Australia">Reclaim Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/True_Blue_Crew" title="True Blue Crew">True Blue Crew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Patriots_Front" title="United Patriots Front">United Patriots Front</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fascism_in_South_America" title="Fascism in South America">South America</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agrarian_Labor_Party" title="Agrarian Labor Party">Agrarian Labor Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_Anticommunist_Alliance" title="Argentine Anticommunist Alliance">Argentine Anticommunist Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_Fascist_Party" title="Argentine Fascist Party">Argentine Fascist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_Nationalist_Action" title="Argentine Nationalist Action">Argentine Nationalist Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_Patriotic_League" title="Argentine Patriotic League">Argentine Patriotic League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolivian_Socialist_Falange" title="Bolivian Socialist Falange">Bolivian Socialist Falange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Integralism" class="mw-redirect" title="Brazilian Integralism">Brazilian Integralism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Integralist_Action" title="Brazilian Integralist Action">Brazilian Integralist Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Integralist_Front" title="Brazilian Integralist Front">Brazilian Integralist Front</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falangism_in_Latin_America" title="Falangism in Latin America">Falangism in Latin America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Female_Peronist_Party" title="Female Peronist Party">Female Peronist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron_Guard_(Argentina)" title="Iron Guard (Argentina)">Iron Guard (Argentina)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nacionalismo_(Argentine_political_movement)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nacionalismo (Argentine political movement)">Nacionalismo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Fascist_Party_(Argentina)" title="National Fascist Party (Argentina)">National Fascist Party (Argentina)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Fascist_Union" title="National Fascist Union">National Fascist Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalist_Liberation_Alliance" title="Nationalist Liberation Alliance">Nationalist Liberation Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Liberation_Movement_(Guatemala)" title="National Liberation Movement (Guatemala)">National Liberation Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Movement_of_Chile" title="National Socialist Movement of Chile">National Socialist Movement of Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Universitary_Concentration" title="National Universitary Concentration">National Universitary Concentration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Triumph_Party" title="New Triumph Party">New Triumph Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriot_Front_(Argentina)" title="Patriot Front (Argentina)">Patriot Front (Argentina)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Dignity" title="Popular Dignity">Popular Dignity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Freedom_Alliance" title="Popular Freedom Alliance">Popular Freedom Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Representation_Party" title="Popular Representation Party">Popular Representation Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Socialist_Vanguard" title="Popular Socialist Vanguard">Popular Socialist Vanguard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_League" title="Republican League">Republican League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Resistencia_Dios,_Patria_y_Familia" class="mw-redirect" title="La Resistencia Dios, Patria y Familia">La Resistencia Dios, Patria y Familia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Union_(Peru)" title="Revolutionary Union (Peru)">Revolutionary Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tacuara_Nationalist_Movement" title="Tacuara Nationalist Movement">Tacuara Nationalist Movement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="People116" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">People</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Australia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Campbell_(political_activist)" title="Eric Campbell (political activist)">Campbell (Eric)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graeme_Campbell_(politician)" title="Graeme Campbell (politician)">Campbell (Graeme)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blair_Cottrell" title="Blair Cottrell">Cottrell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_de_Groot" title="Francis de Groot">Groot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Rud_Mills" title="Alexander Rud Mills">Mills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Saleam" title="Jim Saleam">Saleam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Austria</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Engelbert_Dollfuss" title="Engelbert Dollfuss">Dollfuss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Miklas" title="Wilhelm Miklas">Miklas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Pfrimer" title="Walter Pfrimer">Pfrimer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Planetta" title="Otto Planetta">Planetta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurt_Schuschnigg" title="Kurt Schuschnigg">Schuschnigg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Seyss-Inquart" title="Arthur Seyss-Inquart">Seyss-Inquart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_R%C3%BCdiger_Starhemberg" title="Ernst Rüdiger Starhemberg">Starhemberg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Belgium</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Daye" title="Pierre Daye">Daye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staf_Declercq" class="mw-redirect" title="Staf Declercq">Declercq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Degrelle" title="Léon Degrelle">Degrelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Denis_(politician)" title="Jean Denis (politician)">Denis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hendrik_Elias" title="Hendrik Elias">Elias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bert_Eriksson" title="Bert Eriksson">Eriksson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ward_Hermans" title="Ward Hermans">Hermans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Lagrou" title="René Lagrou">Lagrou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Poulet" title="Robert Poulet">Poulet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joris_Van_Severen" title="Joris Van Severen">Severen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Streel" title="José Streel">Streel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jef_van_de_Wiele" title="Jef van de Wiele">van de Wiele</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Croatia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rafael_Boban" title="Rafael Boban">Boban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jure_Franceti%C4%87" title="Jure Francetić">Francetić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bla%C5%BE_Kraljevi%C4%87" title="Blaž Kraljević">Kraljević</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavko_Kvaternik" title="Slavko Kvaternik">Kvaternik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vjekoslav_Luburi%C4%87" title="Vjekoslav Luburić">Luburić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ante_Paveli%C4%87" title="Ante Pavelić">Pavelić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viktor_Pavi%C4%8Di%C4%87" title="Viktor Pavičić">Pavičić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sre%C4%87ko_Rover" title="Srećko Rover">Rover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vjekoslav_Servatzy" title="Vjekoslav Servatzy">Servatzy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Finland</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vilho_Helanen" title="Vilho Helanen">Helanen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antti_Isotalo_(J%C3%A4ger)" title="Antti Isotalo (Jäger)">Isotalo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arvi_Kalsta" title="Arvi Kalsta">Kalsta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juhani_Konkka" title="Juhani Konkka">Konkka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vihtori_Kosola" title="Vihtori Kosola">Kosola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Risto_Orko" title="Risto Orko">Orko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elias_Simojoki" title="Elias Simojoki">Simojoki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arne_Somersalo" title="Arne Somersalo">Somersalo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lauri_T%C3%B6rni" title="Lauri Törni">Törni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unto_Varjonen" title="Unto Varjonen">Varjonen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">France</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Loup_(writer)" title="Saint-Loup (writer)">Augier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Bard%C3%A8che" title="Maurice Bardèche">Bardèche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Benoist-M%C3%A9chin" title="Jacques Benoist-Méchin">Benoist-Méchin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_B%C3%A9raud" title="Henri Béraud">Béraud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Brasillach" title="Robert Brasillach">Brasillach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcel_Bucard" title="Marcel Bucard">Bucard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alphonse_de_Ch%C3%A2teaubriant" title="Alphonse de Châteaubriant">Châteaubriant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcel_D%C3%A9at" title="Marcel Déat">Déat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_D%C3%A9roul%C3%A8de" title="Paul Déroulède">Déroulède</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7oise_Dior" title="Françoise Dior">Dior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Doriot" title="Jacques Doriot">Doriot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Drieu_La_Rochelle" title="Pierre Drieu La Rochelle">La Rochelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubert_Lagardelle" title="Hubert Lagardelle">Lagardelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Laval" title="Pierre Laval">Laval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_P%C3%A9tain" title="Philippe Pétain">Pétain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucien_Rebatet" title="Lucien Rebatet">Rebatet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Myatt" title="David Myatt">Myatt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Valois" title="Georges Valois">Valois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Vial" title="Pierre Vial">Vial</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Germany</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Abetz" title="Otto Abetz">Abetz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Andrae" title="Alexander Andrae">Andrae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Baeumler" title="Alfred Baeumler">Baeumler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Berchtold" title="Joseph Berchtold">Berchtold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gottlob_Berger" title="Gottlob Berger">Berger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Werner_Best" title="Werner Best">Best</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alois_Brunner" title="Alois Brunner">Brunner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josef_B%C3%BChler" title="Josef Bühler">Bühler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Walther_Darr%C3%A9" title="Richard Walther Darré">Darré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_von_Falkenhausen" title="Alexander von Falkenhausen">Falkenhausen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bjorn_Hocke" class="mw-redirect" title="Bjorn Hocke">Hocke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gottfried_Feder" title="Gottfried Feder">Feder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Forster" title="Albert Forster">Forster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Frank" title="Hans Frank">Frank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Franz,_Hereditary_Grand_Duke_of_Mecklenburg-Schwerin" title="Friedrich Franz, Hereditary Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin">Franz V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruno_Gesche" title="Bruno Gesche">Gesche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Goebbels" title="Joseph Goebbels">Goebbels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_G%C3%B6ring" title="Hermann Göring">Göring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulrich_Graf" title="Ulrich Graf">Graf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Greiser" title="Arthur Greiser">Greiser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_F._K._G%C3%BCnther" title="Hans F. K. Günther">Günther</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Hanke" title="Karl Hanke">Hanke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erhard_Heiden" title="Erhard Heiden">Heiden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Hess" title="Rudolf Hess">Hess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reinhard_Heydrich" title="Reinhard Heydrich">Heydrich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Himmler" title="Heinrich Himmler">Himmler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Hitler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Ulrich_Klintzsch" title="Hans Ulrich Klintzsch">Klintzsch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fritz_Julius_Kuhn" title="Fritz Julius Kuhn">Kuhn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_K%C3%BChnen" title="Michael Kühnen">Kühnen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erich_Ludendorff" title="Erich Ludendorff">Ludendorff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emil_Maurice" title="Emil Maurice">Maurice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_M%C3%BCller_(Gestapo)" title="Heinrich Müller (Gestapo)">Müller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Niekisch" title="Ernst Niekisch">Niekisch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Ploetz" title="Alfred Ploetz">Ploetz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Rahn" title="Rudolf Rahn">Rahn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanna_Reitsch" title="Hanna Reitsch">Reitsch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Ernst_Remer" title="Otto Ernst Remer">Remer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9cil_von_Renthe-Fink" title="Cécil von Renthe-Fink">Renthe-Fink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joachim_von_Ribbentrop" title="Joachim von Ribbentrop">Ribbentrop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%BCrgen_Rieger" title="Jürgen Rieger">Rieger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Rosenberg" title="Alfred Rosenberg">Rosenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Schmitt" title="Carl Schmitt">Schmitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Schreck" title="Julius Schreck">Schreck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Skorzeny" title="Otto Skorzeny">Skorzeny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregor_Strasser" title="Gregor Strasser">Strasser (Gregor)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Strasser" title="Otto Strasser">Strasser (Otto)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Streicher" title="Julius Streicher">Streicher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josef_Terboven" title="Josef Terboven">Terboven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolf_von_Thadden" title="Adolf von Thadden">Thadden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lutz_Graf_Schwerin_von_Krosigk" title="Lutz Graf Schwerin von Krosigk">Krosigk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Z%C3%BCndel" title="Ernst Zündel">Zündel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Greece</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ion_Dragoumis" title="Ion Dragoumis">Dragoumis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilias_Kasidiaris" title="Ilias Kasidiaris">Kasidiaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandros_Koryzis" title="Alexandros Koryzis">Koryzis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ioannis_Lagos" title="Ioannis Lagos">Lagos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolaos_Michaloliakos" title="Nikolaos Michaloliakos">Michaloliakos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgios_Papadopoulos" title="Georgios Papadopoulos">Papadopoulos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">India</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yogi_Adityanath" title="Yogi Adityanath">Adityanath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L._K._Advani" title="L. K. Advani">Advani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subhas_Chandra_Bose" title="Subhas Chandra Bose">Bose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathuram_Godse" title="Nathuram Godse">Godse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._S._Golwalkar" title="M. S. Golwalkar">Golwalkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._B._Hedgewar" title="K. B. Hedgewar">Hedgewar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Modi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syama_Prasad_Mukherjee" title="Syama Prasad Mukherjee">Mukherjee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinayak_Damodar_Savarkar" title="Vinayak Damodar Savarkar">Savarkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pragya_Singh_Thakur" title="Pragya Singh Thakur">Thakur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee" title="Atal Bihari Vajpayee">Vajpayee</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Iran</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dariush_Forouhar" title="Dariush Forouhar">Forouhar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abol-Ghasem_Kashani" title="Abol-Ghasem Kashani">Kashani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Davud_Monshizadeh" title="Davud Monshizadeh">Monshizadeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohsen_Pezeshkpour" title="Mohsen Pezeshkpour">Pezeshkpour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdolhossein_Teymourtash" title="Abdolhossein Teymourtash">Teymourtash</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Israel</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abba_Ahimeir" title="Abba Ahimeir">Ahimeir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Ben-Ari" title="Michael Ben-Ari">Ben-Ari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itamar_Ben-Gvir" title="Itamar Ben-Gvir">Ben-Gvir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aryeh_Eldad" title="Aryeh Eldad">Eldad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amihai_Eliyahu" title="Amihai Eliyahu">Eliyahu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baruch_Goldstein" title="Baruch Goldstein">Goldstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bentzi_Gopstein" title="Bentzi Gopstein">Gopstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uri_Zvi_Greenberg" title="Uri Zvi Greenberg">Greenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Ha%27ivri" title="David Ha'ivri">Ha'ivri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaakov_Heruti" title="Yaakov Heruti">Heruti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meir_Kahane" title="Meir Kahane">Kahane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baruch_Marzel" title="Baruch Marzel">Marzel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eden_Natan-Zada" title="Eden Natan-Zada">Natan-Zada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avraham_Stern" title="Avraham Stern">Stern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yehoshua_Yeivin" title="Yehoshua Yeivin">Yeivin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Italy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Giacomo_Acerbo" title="Giacomo Acerbo">Acerbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dino_Alfieri" title="Dino Alfieri">Alfieri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alceste_De_Ambris" title="Alceste De Ambris">Ambris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriele_D%27Annunzio" title="Gabriele D'Annunzio">D'Annunzio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Azara" title="Antonio Azara">Azara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pietro_Badoglio" title="Pietro Badoglio">Badoglio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italo_Balbo" title="Italo Balbo">Balbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gonzalo_Torrente_Ballester" title="Gonzalo Torrente Ballester">Torrente Ballester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Bastianini" title="Giuseppe Bastianini">Bastianini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michele_Bianchi" title="Michele Bianchi">Bianchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giacomo_Boni_(archaeologist)" title="Giacomo Boni (archaeologist)">Boni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emilio_De_Bono" title="Emilio De Bono">Bono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paolo_Boselli" title="Paolo Boselli">Boselli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Bottai" title="Giuseppe Bottai">Bottai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Costanzo_Ciano" title="Costanzo Ciano">Ciano (Costanzo)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galeazzo_Ciano" title="Galeazzo Ciano">Ciano (Galeazzo)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giulio_Cogni" title="Giulio Cogni">Cogni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enrico_Corradini" title="Enrico Corradini">Corradini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Evola" title="Julius Evola">Evola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franco_Freda" title="Franco Freda">Freda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Gentile" title="Giovanni Gentile">Gentile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Giuriati" title="Giovanni Giuriati">Giuriati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuliano_Gozi" title="Giuliano Gozi">Gozi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dino_Grandi" title="Dino Grandi">Grandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rodolfo_Graziani" title="Rodolfo Graziani">Graziani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guido_Buffarini_Guidi" title="Guido Buffarini Guidi">Guidi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curzio_Malaparte" title="Curzio Malaparte">Malaparte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filippo_Tommaso_Marinetti" title="Filippo Tommaso Marinetti">Marinetti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Michels" title="Robert Michels">Michels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manlio_Morgagni" title="Manlio Morgagni">Morgagni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benito_Mussolini" title="Benito Mussolini">Mussolini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angelo_Oliviero_Olivetti" title="Angelo Oliviero Olivetti">Olivetti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergio_Panunzio" title="Sergio Panunzio">Panunzio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Papini" title="Giovanni Papini">Papini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alessandro_Pavolini" title="Alessandro Pavolini">Pavolini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pino_Rauti" title="Pino Rauti">Rauti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renato_Ricci" title="Renato Ricci">Ricci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionisio_Ridruejo" title="Dionisio Ridruejo">Ridruejo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfredo_Rocco" title="Alfredo Rocco">Rocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmondo_Rossoni" title="Edmondo Rossoni">Rossoni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margherita_Sarfatti" title="Margherita Sarfatti">Sarfatti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ardengo_Soffici" title="Ardengo Soffici">Soffici</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugo_Spirito" title="Ugo Spirito">Spirito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Volpi" title="Giuseppe Volpi">Volpi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Japan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bin_Akao" title="Bin Akao">Akao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadao_Araki" title="Sadao Araki">Araki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isamu_Ch%C5%8D" title="Isamu Chō">Chō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingoro_Hashimoto" title="Kingoro Hashimoto">Hashimoto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shigeru_Honj%C5%8D" title="Shigeru Honjō">Honjō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ikki_Kita" title="Ikki Kita">Kita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoshio_Kodama" title="Yoshio Kodama">Kodama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Y%C5%8Dsuke_Matsuoka" title="Yōsuke Matsuoka">Matsuoka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shir%C5%8D_Nonaka" title="Shirō Nonaka">Nonaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%ABmei_%C5%8Ckawa" title="Shūmei Ōkawa">Ōkawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ry%C5%8Dichi_Sasakawa" title="Ryōichi Sasakawa">Sasakawa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Romania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ion_Antonescu" title="Ion Antonescu">Antonescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elena_Bacaloglu" title="Elena Bacaloglu">Bacaloglu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corneliu_Zelea_Codreanu" title="Corneliu Zelea Codreanu">Codreanu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nichifor_Crainic" title="Nichifor Crainic">Crainic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._C._Cuza" title="A. C. Cuza">Cuza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ion_Gigurtu" title="Ion Gigurtu">Gigurtu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Octavian_Goga" title="Octavian Goga">Goga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mihail_Manoilescu" title="Mihail Manoilescu">Manoilescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ion_Mo%C8%9Ba" title="Ion Moța">Moța</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ion_Gavril%C4%83_Ogoranu" title="Ion Gavrilă Ogoranu">Ogoranu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horia_Sima" title="Horia Sima">Sima</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Russia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benes_Ayo" title="Benes Ayo">Ayo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radas%C5%82a%C5%AD_Astro%C5%ADski" title="Radasłaŭ Astroŭski">Astroŭski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Barkashov" title="Alexander Barkashov">Barkashov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Borovikov" title="Dmitry Borovikov">Borovikov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Dugin" title="Aleksandr Dugin">Dugin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darya_Dugina" title="Darya Dugina">Dugina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Ilyin" title="Ivan Ilyin">Ilyin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bronislav_Kaminski" title="Bronislav Kaminski">Kaminski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergey_Kuryokhin" title="Sergey Kuryokhin">Kuryokhin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yegor_Letov" title="Yegor Letov">Letov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eduard_Limonov" title="Eduard Limonov">Limonov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxim_Martsinkevich" title="Maxim Martsinkevich">Martsinkevich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexey_Milchakov" title="Alexey Milchakov">Milchakov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Oktan" title="Mikhail Oktan">Oktan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zakhar_Prilepin" title="Zakhar Prilepin">Prilepin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Prokhanov" title="Alexander Prokhanov">Prokhanov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Rodzaevsky" title="Konstantin Rodzaevsky">Rodzaevsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milan_Stojadinovi%C4%87" title="Milan Stojadinović">Stojadinović</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Zhirinovsky" title="Vladimir Zhirinovsky">Zhirinovsky</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Spain</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Luis_de_Arrese" title="José Luis de Arrese">Arrese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joaqu%C3%ADn_Bau_Nolla" title="Joaquín Bau Nolla">Bau Nolla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esteban_de_Bilbao_Egu%C3%ADa" title="Esteban de Bilbao Eguía">Bilbao Eguía</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luis_Carrero_Blanco" title="Luis Carrero Blanco">Carrero Blanco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raimundo_Fern%C3%A1ndez-Cuesta" title="Raimundo Fernández-Cuesta">Fernández-Cuesta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Franco" title="Francisco Franco">Franco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carmen_Franco,_1st_Duchess_of_Franco" title="Carmen Franco, 1st Duchess of Franco">Franco y Polo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernesto_Gim%C3%A9nez_Caballero" title="Ernesto Giménez Caballero">Giménez Caballero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Antonio_Primo_de_Rivera" title="José Antonio Primo de Rivera">Primo de Rivera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramiro_Ledesma_Ramos" title="Ramiro Ledesma Ramos">Ramos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rafael_S%C3%A1nchez_Mazas" title="Rafael Sánchez Mazas">Sánchez Mazas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram%C3%B3n_Serrano_Su%C3%B1er" title="Ramón Serrano Suñer">Serrano Suñer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ukraine</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stepan_Bandera" title="Stepan Bandera">Bandera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andriy_Biletsky" title="Andriy Biletsky">Biletsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dmytro_Dontsov" title="Dmytro Dontsov">Dontsov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pavel_Gubarev" title="Pavel Gubarev">Gubarev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dmytro_Klyachkivsky" title="Dmytro Klyachkivsky">Klyachkivsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mykola_Lebed" title="Mykola Lebed">Lebed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lev_Rebet" title="Lev Rebet">Rebet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulas_Samchuk" title="Ulas Samchuk">Samchuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Shukhevych" title="Roman Shukhevych">Shukhevych</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaroslav_Stetsko" title="Yaroslav Stetsko">Stetsko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleh_Tyahnybok" title="Oleh Tyahnybok">Tyahnybok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nataliya_Vitrenko" title="Nataliya Vitrenko">Vitrenko</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">United Kingdom</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Beckett_(politician)" title="John Beckett (politician)">Beckett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houston_Stewart_Chamberlain" title="Houston Stewart Chamberlain">Chamberlain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._K._Chesterton" title="A. K. Chesterton">Chesterton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_Stuart_Donaldson" title="Ian Stuart Donaldson">Donaldson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nick_Griffin" title="Nick Griffin">Griffin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colin_Jordan" title="Colin Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Lake_(activist)" title="Alan Lake (activist)">Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnold_Leese" title="Arnold Leese">Leese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diana_Mosley" title="Diana Mosley">Mosley (Diana)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oswald_Mosley" title="Oswald Mosley">Mosley (Oswald)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adela_Pankhurst" title="Adela Pankhurst">Pankhurst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Pearson_(anthropologist)" title="Roger Pearson (anthropologist)">Pearson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archibald_Maule_Ramsay" title="Archibald Maule Ramsay">Ramsay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tommy_Robinson" title="Tommy Robinson">Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troy_Southgate" title="Troy Southgate">Southgate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Tyndall_(far-right_activist)" title="John Tyndall (far-right activist)">Tyndall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Wellesley,_5th_Duke_of_Wellington" title="Arthur Wellesley, 5th Duke of Wellington">Wellesley</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">United States</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Salvador_Abascal" title="Salvador Abascal">Abascal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Anglin" title="Andrew Anglin">Anglin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Auernheimer" class="mw-redirect" title="Andrew Auernheimer">Auernheimer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biggs" title="Joe Biggs">Biggs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Black_(white_supremacist)" title="Don Black (white supremacist)">Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Murray_Butler#Attitude_towards_Fascism_and_Nazism" title="Nicholas Murray Butler">Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willis_Carto" title="Willis Carto">Carto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seward_Collins" title="Seward Collins">Collins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Dilling" title="Elizabeth Dilling">Dilling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Duke" title="David Duke">Duke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Enoch" title="Mike Enoch">Enoch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Frankhouser" title="Roy Frankhouser">Frankhouser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nick_Fuentes" title="Nick Fuentes">Fuentes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roque_Gonz%C3%A1lez_Garza" title="Roque González Garza">Garza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michale_Graves" title="Michale Graves">Graves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Heimbach" title="Matthew Heimbach">Heimbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Jeff_Hall" title="Murder of Jeff Hall">Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustus_Sol_Invictus" title="Augustus Sol Invictus">Invictus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_J._Jones" title="Arthur J. Jones">Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Joyce" title="William Joyce">Joyce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jason_Kessler" title="Jason Kessler">Kessler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Lane_(white_supremacist)" title="David Lane (white supremacist)">Lane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_LaRouche" title="Lyndon LaRouche">LaRouche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Lindbergh" title="Charles Lindbergh">Lindbergh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_MacDonald_(evolutionary_psychologist)" title="Kevin MacDonald (evolutionary psychologist)">MacDonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Mason_(neo-Nazi)" title="James Mason (neo-Nazi)">Mason</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Metzger" title="Tom Metzger">Metzger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frazier_Glenn_Miller_Jr." title="Frazier Glenn Miller Jr.">Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barry_Mills_(Aryan_Brotherhood)" title="Barry Mills (Aryan Brotherhood)">Mills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jon_Minadeo_II" title="Jon Minadeo II">Minadeo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eustace_Mullins" title="Eustace Mullins">Mullins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethan_Nordean" title="Ethan Nordean">Nordean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Patsalos" title="John Patsalos">Patsalos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Dudley_Pelley" title="William Dudley Pelley">Pelley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Luther_Pierce" title="William Luther Pierce">Pierce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezra_Pound" title="Ezra Pound">Pound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Lincoln_Rockwell" title="George Lincoln Rockwell">Rockwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irv_Rubin" title="Irv Rubin">Rubin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerald_L._K._Smith" title="Gerald L. K. Smith">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_B._Spencer" title="Richard B. Spencer">Spencer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/StoneToss" title="StoneToss">StoneToss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Alfred_Strom" title="Kevin Alfred Strom">Strom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enrique_Tarrio" title="Enrique Tarrio">Tarrio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Raven_Thomson" title="Alexander Raven Thomson">Thomson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anastasy_Vonsiatsky" title="Anastasy Vonsiatsky">Vonsyatsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Parker_Yockey" title="Francis Parker Yockey">Yockey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Manuel_Arana_Osorio" title="Carlos Manuel Arana Osorio">Arana Osorio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adrien_Arcand" title="Adrien Arcand">Arcand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roberto_D%27Aubuisson" title="Roberto D'Aubuisson">D'Aubuisson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devlet_Bah%C3%A7eli" title="Devlet Bahçeli">Bahçeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Blythe" title="Ernest Blythe">Blythe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anders_Behring_Breivik" title="Anders Behring Breivik">Breivik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Burdi" title="George Burdi">Burdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maliq_Bushati" title="Maliq Bushati">Bushati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcelo_Caetano" title="Marcelo Caetano">Caetano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicol%C3%A1s_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Carrasco" title="Nicolás Rodríguez Carrasco">Carrasco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Castillo_Armas" title="Carlos Castillo Armas">Castillo Armas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustavs_Celmi%C5%86%C5%A1" title="Gustavs Celmiņš">Celmiņš</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luis_Miguel_S%C3%A1nchez_Cerro" title="Luis Miguel Sánchez Cerro">Cerro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frits_Clausen" title="Frits Clausen">Clausen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Coughlin" title="Charles Coughlin">Coughlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rob_Darken" title="Rob Darken">Darken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savitri_Devi" title="Savitri Devi">Devi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eoin_O%27Duffy" title="Eoin O'Duffy">O'Duffy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_%C4%8Eur%C4%8Dansk%C3%BD" title="Ferdinand Ďurčanský">Ďurčanský</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mid%27hat_Frash%C3%ABri" title="Mid'hat Frashëri">Frashëri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashid_Ali_al-Gaylani" title="Rashid Ali al-Gaylani">al-Gaylani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Genoud" title="François Genoud">Genoud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gyula_G%C3%B6mb%C3%B6s" title="Gyula Gömbös">Gömbös</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Gustloff" title="Wilhelm Gustloff">Gustloff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emil_H%C3%A1cha" title="Emil Hácha">Hácha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isgandar_Hamidov" title="Isgandar Hamidov">Hamidov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knut_Hamsun#Racism_and_admiration_for_Hitler" title="Knut Hamsun">Hamsun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrej_Hlinka" title="Andrej Hlinka">Hlinka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Qadir_al-Husayni" class="mw-redirect" title="Abd al-Qadir al-Husayni">al-Husayni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amin_al-Husseini" title="Amin al-Husseini">al-Husseini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Kajuga_(Interahamwe)" title="Robert Kajuga (Interahamwe)">Kajuga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neboj%C5%A1a_M._Krsti%C4%87" title="Nebojša M. Krstić">Krstić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_Beom-seok_(prime_minister)" title="Lee Beom-seok (prime minister)">Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Linderman" title="Vladimir Linderman">Linderman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimitrije_Ljoti%C4%87" title="Dimitrije Ljotić">Ljotić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopoldo_Lugones" title="Leopoldo Lugones">Lugones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hristo_Lukov" title="Hristo Lukov">Lukov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Mach" title="Alexander Mach">Mach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pablo_Emilio_Madero" title="Pablo Emilio Madero">Madero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximiliano_Hern%C3%A1ndez_Mart%C3%ADnez" title="Maximiliano Hernández Martínez">Martínez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Merlika-Kruja" title="Mustafa Merlika-Kruja">Merlika-Kruja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hassan_Ngeze" title="Hassan Ngeze">Ngeze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonas_Noreika" title="Jonas Noreika">Noreika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boles%C5%82aw_Piasecki" title="Bolesław Piasecki">Piasecki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Per%C3%B3n" title="Juan Perón">Perón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plaek_Phibunsongkhram" title="Plaek Phibunsongkhram">Phibunsongkhram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Rol%C3%A3o_Preto" title="Francisco Rolão Preto">Preto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aisin-Gioro_Puyi" class="mw-redirect" title="Aisin-Gioro Puyi">Puyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vidkun_Quisling" title="Vidkun Quisling">Quisling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Pablo_Ram%C3%ADrez" title="Pedro Pablo Ramírez">Ramírez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syngman_Rhee" title="Syngman Rhee">Rhee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_de_la_Riva-Ag%C3%BCero_y_Osma" title="José de la Riva-Agüero y Osma">Riva-Agüero y Osma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leon_Rupnik" title="Leon Rupnik">Rupnik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoun_Saadeh" title="Antoun Saadeh">Saadeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saga_(singer)" title="Saga (singer)">Saga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pl%C3%ADnio_Salgado" title="Plínio Salgado">Salgado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fayez_Sayigh" class="mw-redirect" title="Fayez Sayigh">Sayigh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vojislav_%C5%A0e%C5%A1elj" title="Vojislav Šešelj">Šešelj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferenc_Sz%C3%A1lasi" title="Ferenc Szálasi">Szálasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Terre%27Blanche" title="Eugène Terre'Blanche">Terre'Blanche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jozef_Tiso" title="Jozef Tiso">Tiso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksandar_Tsankov" title="Aleksandar Tsankov">Tsankov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varg_Vikernes" title="Varg Vikernes">Vikernes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Jingwei" title="Wang Jingwei">Wang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meir_Weinstein" title="Meir Weinstein">Weinstein</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Works116" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Works</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Literature</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-style:italic;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1776_Returns" title="1776 Returns">1776 Returns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Conquista_del_Estado" title="La Conquista del Estado">La Conquista del Estado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Culture_of_Critique_series" title="The Culture of Critique series">The Culture of Critique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defiance_(book)" title="Defiance (book)">Defiance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Did_Six_Million_Really_Die%3F" title="Did Six Million Really Die?">Did Six Million Really Die?</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Doctrine_of_Fascism" title="The Doctrine of Fascism">The Doctrine of Fascism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascist_Manifesto" title="Fascist Manifesto">Fascist Manifesto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/For_My_Legionaries" title="For My Legionaries">For My Legionaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foundations_of_Geopolitics" title="Foundations of Geopolitics">The Foundations of Geopolitics: The Geopolitical Future of Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Fourth_Political_Theory" title="The Fourth Political Theory">The Fourth Political Theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hitlers_Zweites_Buch" title="Hitlers Zweites Buch">Hitlers Zweites Buch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunter_(Pierce_novel)" title="Hunter (Pierce novel)">Hunter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hutu_Ten_Commandments" title="Hutu Ten Commandments">Hutu Ten Commandments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impeachment_of_Man" title="Impeachment of Man">Impeachment of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperium:_The_Philosophy_of_History_and_Politics" title="Imperium: The Philosophy of History and Politics">Imperium: The Philosophy of History and Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/An_Investigation_of_Global_Policy_with_the_Yamato_Race_as_Nucleus" title="An Investigation of Global Policy with the Yamato Race as Nucleus">An Investigation of Global Policy with the Yamato Race as Nucleus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kokutairon_and_Pure_Socialism" title="Kokutairon and Pure Socialism">Kokutairon and Pure Socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Last_Will_of_a_Russian_Fascist" title="The Last Will of a Russian Fascist">The Last Will of a Russian Fascist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manifesto_of_Race" title="Manifesto of Race">Manifesto of Race</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manifesto_of_the_Fascist_Intellectuals" title="Manifesto of the Fascist Intellectuals">Manifesto of the Fascist Intellectuals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mein_Kampf" title="Mein Kampf">Mein Kampf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/My_Autobiography_(Mussolini_book)" title="My Autobiography (Mussolini book)">My Autobiography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/My_Life_(Mosley_autobiography)" title="My Life (Mosley autobiography)">My Life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Myth_of_the_Twentieth_Century" title="The Myth of the Twentieth Century">The Myth of the Twentieth Century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OPROP!" title="OPROP!">OPROP!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_Race_Will_Rule_Undisputed_Over_The_World" title="Our Race Will Rule Undisputed Over The World">Our Race Will Rule Undisputed Over The World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestantische_Rompilger" title="Protestantische Rompilger">Protestantische Rompilger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Racial_Program_for_the_Twentieth_Century" title="A Racial Program for the Twentieth Century">A Racial Program for the Twentieth Century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_(Mason_book)" title="Siege (Mason book)">Siege</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Turner_Diaries" title="The Turner Diaries">The Turner Diaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uncomfortable_Questions_for_Comfortable_Jews" title="Uncomfortable Questions for Comfortable Jews">Uncomfortable Questions for Comfortable Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Warning_to_the_Hindus" title="A Warning to the Hindus">A Warning to the Hindus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Who_Are_the_Mind_Benders%3F" title="Who Are the Mind Benders?">Who Are the Mind Benders?</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Periodicals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-style:italic;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Action_(newspaper)" title="Action (newspaper)">Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajan_Suunta" title="Ajan Suunta">Ajan Suunta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%27Alba" title="L'Alba">L'Alba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Alc%C3%A1zar" title="El Alcázar">El Alcázar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_American_Review_(literary_journal)" title="The American Review (literary journal)">The American Review</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Der_Angriff" title="Der Angriff">Der Angriff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arriba_(newspaper)" title="Arriba (newspaper)">Arriba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Blackshirt" title="The Blackshirt">The Blackshirt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Conquista_del_Estado" title="La Conquista del Estado">La Conquista del Estado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Stormer" title="The Daily Stormer">The Daily Stormer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Allgemeine_Zeitung" title="Deutsche Allgemeine Zeitung">Deutsche Allgemeine Zeitung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Das_Deutsche_M%C3%A4del" title="Das Deutsche Mädel">Das Deutsche Mädel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Difesa_della_Razza" title="La Difesa della Razza">La Difesa della Razza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleftheros_Kosmos" title="Eleftheros Kosmos">Eleftheros Kosmos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_European_(1953_magazine)" title="The European (1953 magazine)">The European</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fashist" title="Fashist">Fashist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fashizmi" title="Fashizmi">Fashizmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_France_au_travail" title="La France au travail">La France au travail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fritt_Folk" title="Fritt Folk">Fritt Folk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fronten" title="Fronten">Fronten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A2ndirea" title="Gândirea">Gândirea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovent%C3%B9_Fascista" title="Gioventù Fascista">Gioventù Fascista</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Dawn_(magazine)" title="Golden Dawn (magazine)">Golden Dawn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamaas" title="Hamaas">Hamaas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hrvatski_Domobran" title="Hrvatski Domobran">Hrvatski Domobran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Je_suis_partout" title="Je suis partout">Je suis partout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kangura" title="Kangura">Kangura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kansallissosialisti" title="Kansallissosialisti">Kansallissosialisti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limonka_(newspaper)" title="Limonka (newspaper)">Limonka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masada2000" title="Masada2000">Masada2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCnchener_Beobachter" title="Münchener Beobachter">Münchener Beobachter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nash_Put%27_(newspaper)" title="Nash Put' (newspaper)">Nash Put'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%A1stup" title="Nástup">Nástup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nation_Europa" title="Nation Europa">Nation Europa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neue_Anthropologie" title="Neue Anthropologie">Neue Anthropologie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neues_Volk" title="Neues Volk">Neues Volk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Het_Nieuwe_Volk" title="Het Nieuwe Volk">Het Nieuwe Volk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norsk-Tysk_Tidsskrift" title="Norsk-Tysk Tidsskrift">Norsk-Tysk Tidsskrift</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novopress" class="mw-redirect" title="Novopress">Novopress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norsk-Tysk_Tidsskrift" title="Norsk-Tysk Tidsskrift">Norsk-Tysk Tidsskrift</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organiser_(magazine)" title="Organiser (magazine)">Organiser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panchjanya_(magazine)" title="Panchjanya (magazine)">Panchjanya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panzerb%C3%A4r" title="Panzerbär">Panzerbär</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parole_der_Woche" title="Parole der Woche">Parole der Woche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Pays_R%C3%A9el" title="Le Pays Réel">Le Pays Réel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Der_Pimpf" title="Der Pimpf">Der Pimpf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Il_Popolo_d%27Italia" title="Il Popolo d'Italia">Il Popolo d'Italia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Das_Reich_(newspaper)" title="Das Reich (newspaper)">Das Reich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revue_d%27histoire_du_fascisme" title="Revue d'histoire du fascisme">Revue d'histoire du fascisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Das_Schwarze_Korps" title="Das Schwarze Korps">Das Schwarze Korps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sfarm%C4%83-Piatr%C4%83" title="Sfarmă-Piatră">Sfarmă-Piatră</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Signal_(magazine)" title="Signal (magazine)">Signal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siniristi" title="Siniristi">Siniristi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spearhead_(magazine)" title="Spearhead (magazine)">Spearhead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Der_St%C3%BCrmer" title="Der Stürmer">Der Stürmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%BCrkische_Post" title="Türkische Post">Türkische Post</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Der_Umbruch" title="Der Umbruch">Der Umbruch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vairas" title="Vairas">Vairas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vlajka" title="Vlajka">Vlajka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volk_en_Staat" title="Volk en Staat">Volk en Staat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%B6lkischer_Beobachter" title="Völkischer Beobachter">Völkischer Beobachter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Die_Wehrmacht" title="Die Wehrmacht">Die Wehrmacht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wochenspruch_der_NSDAP" title="Wochenspruch der NSDAP">Wochenspruch der NSDAP</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Film</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-style:italic;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/L%27Armata_Azzurra" title="L'Armata Azzurra">L'Armata Azzurra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengasi_(film)" title="Bengasi (film)">Bengasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Condottieri_(film)" title="Condottieri (film)">Condottieri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Daughter_of_the_Samurai" title="The Daughter of the Samurai">The Daughter of the Samurai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erbkrank" title="Erbkrank">Erbkrank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europa:_The_Last_Battle" title="Europa: The Last Battle">Europa: The Last Battle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Great_Appeal" title="The Great Appeal">The Great Appeal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Old_Guard_(1934_film)" title="The Old Guard (1934 film)">The Old Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raza_(film)" title="Raza (film)">Raza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scipio_Africanus:_The_Defeat_of_Hannibal" title="Scipio Africanus: The Defeat of Hannibal">Scipio Africanus: The Defeat of Hannibal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Victory_of_Faith" title="The Victory of Faith">Der Sieg des Glaubens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Siege_of_the_Alcazar" title="The Siege of the Alcazar">The Siege of the Alcazar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lo_squadrone_bianco" title="Lo squadrone bianco">Lo squadrone bianco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tag_der_Freiheit:_Unsere_Wehrmacht" class="mw-redirect" title="Tag der Freiheit: Unsere Wehrmacht">Tag der Freiheit: Unsere Wehrmacht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triumph_of_the_Will" title="Triumph of the Will">Triumph of the Will</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Music</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allach_(porcelain)" title="Allach (porcelain)">Allach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_Cleansing_(video_game)" title="Ethnic Cleansing (video game)">Ethnic Cleansing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/StoneToss" title="StoneToss">StoneToss</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_of_the_Third_Reich" class="mw-redirect" title="Art of the Third Reich">Art of the Third Reich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascist_architecture" title="Fascist architecture">Fascist architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heroic_realism" title="Heroic realism">Heroic realism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_architecture" title="Nazi architecture">Nazi architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazism_and_cinema" title="Nazism and cinema">Nazism and cinema</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Organizations116" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Organizations</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Institutional</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahnenerbe" title="Ahnenerbe">Ahnenerbe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Fasces_and_Corporations" title="Chamber of Fasces and Corporations">Chamber of Fasces and Corporations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Council_of_Fascism" title="Grand Council of Fascism">Grand Council of Fascism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Way_Faction" title="Imperial Way Faction">Imperial Way Faction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Nationalist_Association" title="Italian Nationalist Association">Italian Nationalist Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_League_of_the_Reich_for_Physical_Exercise" title="National Socialist League of the Reich for Physical Exercise">National Socialist League of the Reich for Physical Exercise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quadrumvirs" title="Quadrumvirs">Quadrumvirs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Activist</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adelaide_Institute" title="Adelaide Institute">Adelaide Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agrarian_Trade_Union_Federation" title="Agrarian Trade Union Federation">Agrarian Trade Union Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Britons" title="The Britons">The Britons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casuals_United" title="Casuals United">Casuals United</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DeVlag" title="DeVlag">DeVlag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Social_Movement" title="European Social Movement">European Social Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_Realm_Union" title="Finnish Realm Union">Finnish Realm Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Franco_National_Foundation" title="Francisco Franco National Foundation">Francisco Franco National Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friends_of_New_Germany" title="Friends of New Germany">Friends of New Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_American_Bund" title="German American Bund">German American Bund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GRECE" title="GRECE">GRECE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Link_(UK_organization)" title="The Link (UK organization)">The Link</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mladorossi" class="mw-redirect" title="Mladorossi">Mladorossi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Party_of_Europe" title="National Party of Europe">National Party of Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Policy_Institute" title="National Policy Institute">National Policy Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Popular_Consciousness" title="National Popular Consciousness">National Popular Consciousness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panzerfaust_Records" title="Panzerfaust Records">Panzerfaust Records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_Our_Slovakia" title="People's Party Our Slovakia">People's Party Our Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Force_Party" title="Popular Force Party">Popular Force Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_(Slovakia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic (Slovakia)">Republic (Slovakia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resistance_Records" title="Resistance Records">Resistance Records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_Club" title="Right Club">Right Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Fascist_Organization" title="Russian Fascist Organization">Russian Fascist Organization</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_youth_organizations" title="List of youth organizations">Youth</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adler_und_Falke" title="Adler und Falke">Adler und Falke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Lictor_Youth" title="Albanian Lictor Youth">Albanian Lictor Youth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Lictor_Youth" title="Arab Lictor Youth">Arab Lictor Youth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Yuva_Morcha" title="Bharatiya Janata Yuva Morcha">Bharatiya Janata Yuva Morcha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue-and-Blacks" title="Blue-and-Blacks">Blue-and-Blacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Lictor_Youth" title="Ethiopian Lictor Youth">Ethiopian Lictor Youth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascist_Union_of_Youth" class="mw-redirect" title="Fascist Union of Youth">Fascist Union of Youth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frente_de_Juventudes" title="Frente de Juventudes">Frente de Juventudes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Futuwwa_(Palestine)" title="Al-Futuwwa (Palestine)">Al-Futuwwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovent%C3%B9_Italiana_del_Littorio" title="Gioventù Italiana del Littorio">Gioventù Italiana del Littorio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Japan_Youth_Party" title="Great Japan Youth Party">Great Japan Youth Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hitler_Youth" title="Hitler Youth">Hitler Youth</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Faith_and_Beauty_Society" title="Faith and Beauty Society">Faith and Beauty Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deutsches_Jungvolk" title="Deutsches Jungvolk">Deutsches Jungvolk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jungm%C3%A4delbund" title="Jungmädelbund">Jungmädelbund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_of_German_Girls" title="League of German Girls">League of German Girls</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeunesse_Populaire_Fran%C3%A7aise" title="Jeunesse Populaire Française">Jeunesse Populaire Française</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juventudes_de_Acci%C3%B3n_Popular" title="Juventudes de Acción Popular">Juventudes de Acción Popular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_National_Youth_Association" title="Korean National Youth Association">Korean National Youth Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levente_(organization)" title="Levente (organization)">Levente</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mocidade_Portuguesa" title="Mocidade Portuguesa">Mocidade Portuguesa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationale_Jeugdstorm" title="Nationale Jeugdstorm">Nationale Jeugdstorm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_League_of_Sweden" title="National League of Sweden">National League of Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Liberation_Front" title="National Socialist Liberation Front">National Socialist Liberation Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Youth" title="National Youth">National Youth</a> (Sweden)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Youth_(Italy)" title="National Youth (Italy)">National Youth (Italy)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Youth_Alliance" title="National Youth Alliance">National Youth Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Youth_Organisation_(Greece)" title="National Youth Organisation (Greece)">National Youth Organisation (Greece)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opera_Nazionale_Balilla" title="Opera Nazionale Balilla">Opera Nazionale Balilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%96sterreichisches_Jungvolk" title="Österreichisches Jungvolk">Österreichisches Jungvolk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australia_First_Party#Patriotic/Eureka_Youth_League" title="Australia First Party">Patriotic/Eureka Youth League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Fascist_Little_Ones" title="Union of Fascist Little Ones">Union of Fascist Little Ones</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Young_Fascists_%E2%80%93_Vanguard_(boys)" title="Union of Young Fascists – Vanguard (boys)">Union of Young Fascists – Vanguard (boys)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Young_Fascists_%E2%80%93_Vanguard_(girls)" title="Union of Young Fascists – Vanguard (girls)">Union of Young Fascists – Vanguard (girls)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usta%C5%A1e_Youth" title="Ustaše Youth">Ustaše Youth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiking-Jugend" title="Wiking-Jugend">Wiking-Jugend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youth_Front" title="Youth Front">Youth Front</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fascist_paramilitary" title="Fascist paramilitary">Paramilitary</a> and <a href="/wiki/Right-wing_terrorism" title="Right-wing terrorism">terrorist</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abhinav_Bharat" title="Abhinav Bharat">Abhinav Bharat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Fascist_Militia" title="Albanian Fascist Militia">Albanian Fascist Militia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_for_the_Liberation_of_Rwanda" title="Army for the Liberation of Rwanda">Army for the Liberation of Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atomwaffen_Division" title="Atomwaffen Division">Atomwaffen Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azov_Brigade" title="Azov Brigade">Azov Brigade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bajrang_Dal" title="Bajrang Dal">Bajrang Dal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Base_(hate_group)" title="The Base (hate group)">The Base</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_Organization_of_Russian_Nationalists" title="Battle Organization of Russian Nationalists">Battle Organization of Russian Nationalists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Brigades" title="Black Brigades">Black Brigades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Legion_(Usta%C5%A1e_militia)" title="Black Legion (Ustaše militia)">Black Legion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackshirts" title="Blackshirts">Blackshirts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Unity_Party_of_Canada" title="National Unity Party of Canada">Blueshirts (Canada)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blueshirts" title="Blueshirts">Blueshirts</a> (Ireland)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Column_88" title="Column 88">Column 88</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combat_Terrorist_Organization" title="Combat Terrorist Organization">Combat Terrorist Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederation_of_the_Nation" title="Confederation of the Nation">Confederation of the Nation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corpul_Muncitoresc_Legionar" title="Corpul Muncitoresc Legionar">Corpul Muncitoresc Legionar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Defence_Forces" title="Croatian Defence Forces">Croatian Defence Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_National_Resistance" title="Croatian National Resistance">Croatian National Resistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Revolutionary_Brotherhood" title="Croatian Revolutionary Brotherhood">Croatian Revolutionary Brotherhood</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bugojno_group" title="Bugojno group">Bugojno group</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Forces_for_the_Liberation_of_Rwanda" title="Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda">Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Einsatzgruppen" title="Einsatzgruppen">Einsatzgruppen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fasci_di_Azione_Rivoluzionaria" title="Fasci di Azione Rivoluzionaria">Fasci di Azione Rivoluzionaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falange_Armata" title="Falange Armata">Falange Armata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falange_Militia" title="Falange Militia">Falange Militia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FEAR_(terrorist_group)" title="FEAR (terrorist group)">FEAR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flemish_Guard" title="Flemish Guard">Flemish Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flemish_Legion" title="Flemish Legion">Flemish Legion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frontbann" title="Frontbann">Frontbann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Mexicanist_Action" title="Revolutionary Mexicanist Action">Goldshirts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron_Guard" title="Iron Guard">Greenshirts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilfspolizei" title="Hilfspolizei">Hilfspolizei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hitler_Youth" title="Hitler Youth">Hitler Youth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Gentile_National_Socialist_Movement" title="South African Gentile National Socialist Movement">Greyshirts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heimwehr" title="Heimwehr">Heimwehr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hirden" title="Hirden">Hirden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hlinka_Guard" title="Hlinka Guard">Hlinka Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_National_Defence_Association" title="Hungarian National Defence Association">Hungarian National Defence Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impuzamugambi" title="Impuzamugambi">Impuzamugambi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interbrigades" title="Interbrigades">Interbrigades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interahamwe" title="Interahamwe">Interahamwe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron_Wolf_(organization)" title="Iron Wolf (organization)">Iron Wolf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Defense_League" title="Jewish Defense League">Jewish Defense League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Defense_Organization" title="Jewish Defense Organization">Jewish Defense Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kataeb_Regulatory_Forces" title="Kataeb Regulatory Forces">Kataeb Regulatory Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C4%83ncieri" title="Lăncieri">Lăncieri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legion_Wasa" title="Legion Wasa">Legion Wasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lehava" title="Lehava">Lehava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lehi_(militant_group)" title="Lehi (militant group)">Lehi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levente_(organization)" title="Levente (organization)">Levente</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makapili" title="Makapili">Makapili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mano_Blanca" title="Mano Blanca">Mano Blanca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Republican_Guard_(Italy)" title="National Republican Guard (Italy)">National Republican Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialism_/_White_Power" title="National Socialism / White Power">National Socialism / White Power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Guard" title="New Guard">New Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Order_(white_supremacist_group)" title="The Order (white supremacist group)">The Order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostm%C3%A4rkische_Sturmscharen" title="Ostmärkische Sturmscharen">Ostmärkische Sturmscharen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rodobrana" title="Rodobrana">Rodobrana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Imperial_Movement" title="Russian Imperial Movement">Russian Imperial Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_National_Unity_(2000)" title="Russian National Unity (2000)">Russian National Unity (2000)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S14_(Ukrainian_group)" title="S14 (Ukrainian group)">S14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schutzstaffel" title="Schutzstaffel">Schutzstaffel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_Volunteer_Corps_(World_War_II)" title="Serbian Volunteer Corps (World War II)">Serbian Volunteer Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sicarii_(1989)" title="Sicarii (1989)">Sicarii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sich_Battalion" title="Sich Battalion">Sich Battalion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silver_Legion_of_America" title="Silver Legion of America">Silver Shirts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sturmabteilung" title="Sturmabteilung">Sturmabteilung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudetendeutsches_Freikorps" title="Sudetendeutsches Freikorps">Sudetendeutsches Freikorps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terror_Against_Terror" title="Terror Against Terror">Terror Against Terror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ku_Klux_Klan" title="Ku Klux Klan">Third Klan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Insurgent_Army" title="Ukrainian Insurgent Army">Ukrainian Insurgent Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_People%27s_Militsiya" title="Ukrainian People's Militsiya">Ukrainian People's Militsiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usta%C5%A1e_Militia" title="Ustaše Militia">Ustaše Militia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volkssport" title="Volkssport">Volkssport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walloon_Guard" title="Walloon Guard">Walloon Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walloon_Legion" title="Walloon Legion">Walloon Legion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waffen-SS" title="Waffen-SS">Waffen-SS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wagner_Group" title="Wagner Group">Wagner Group</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rusich_Group" title="Rusich Group">Rusich Group</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weerbaarheidsafdeling" title="Weerbaarheidsafdeling">Weerbaarheidsafdeling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Werwolf" title="Werwolf">Werwolf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westland_New_Post" title="Westland New Post">Westland New Post</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yokusan_Sonendan" title="Yokusan Sonendan">Yokusan Sonendan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youth_Front" title="Youth Front">Youth Front</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Student</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akhil_Bharatiya_Vidyarthi_Parishad" title="Akhil Bharatiya Vidyarthi Parishad">Akhil Bharatiya Vidyarthi Parishad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avanguardia_Giovanile_Fascista" title="Avanguardia Giovanile Fascista">Avanguardia Giovanile Fascista</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frente_de_Estudiantes_Sindicalistas" title="Frente de Estudiantes Sindicalistas">Frente de Estudiantes Sindicalistas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Student_Union" title="German Student Union">German Student Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_German_Students%27_League" title="National Socialist German Students' League">National Socialist German Students' League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sindicato_Espa%C3%B1ol_Universitario" title="Sindicato Español Universitario">Sindicato Español Universitario</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Student_Action_(Italy)" title="Student Action (Italy)">Student Action</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Axis_powers" title="Axis powers">Axis powers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NSDAP/AO" class="mw-redirect" title="NSDAP/AO">NSDAP/AO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ODESSA" title="ODESSA">ODESSA</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="History116" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">History</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1900s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Herero_and_Nama_genocide#Link_between_the_Herero_genocide_and_the_Holocaust" title="Herero and Nama genocide">Herero and Nama genocide and the Holocaust</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1910s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arditi" title="Arditi">Arditi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascio" title="Fascio">Fascio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fasci_d%27Azione_Rivoluzionaria" title="Fasci d'Azione Rivoluzionaria">Fasci d'Azione Rivoluzionaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_genocide_and_the_Holocaust" title="Armenian genocide and the Holocaust">Armenian genocide and the Holocaust</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1920s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/March_on_Rome" title="March on Rome">March on Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corfu_incident" title="Corfu incident">Corfu incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acerbo_Law" title="Acerbo Law">Acerbo Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_Hall_Putsch" title="Beer Hall Putsch">Beer Hall Putsch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aventine_Secession_(20th_century)" title="Aventine Secession (20th century)">Aventine Secession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_economic_battles" title="Italian economic battles">Italian economic battles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Faisceau" title="Le Faisceau">Le Faisceau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/28_May_1926_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="28 May 1926 coup d'état">28 May 1926 coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_genocide_(1929%E2%80%931934)" title="Libyan genocide (1929–1934)">Libyan genocide</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1930s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/March_of_the_Iron_Will" title="March of the Iron Will">March of the Iron Will</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_1932_German_federal_election" title="November 1932 German federal election">November 1932 German federal election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_1933_German_federal_election" title="March 1933 German federal election">March 1933 German federal election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enabling_Act_of_1933" title="Enabling Act of 1933">Enabling Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_Civil_War" title="Austrian Civil War">Austrian Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_Putsch" title="July Putsch">July Putsch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1934_Montreux_Fascist_conference" title="1934 Montreux Fascist conference">1934 Montreux Fascist conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_Holocaust" title="Romani Holocaust">Romani Holocaust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4th_of_August_Regime" title="4th of August Regime">4th of August Regime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Comintern_Pact" title="Anti-Comintern Pact">Anti-Comintern Pact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Civil_War" title="Spanish Civil War">Spanish Civil War</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1940s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_crimes_against_the_Polish_nation" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazi crimes against the Polish nation">Nazi crimes against the Polish nation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust" title="The Holocaust">The Holocaust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genocide_of_Serbs_in_the_Independent_State_of_Croatia" title="Genocide of Serbs in the Independent State of Croatia">Genocide of Serbs in the Independent State of Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_the_Fascist_regime_in_Italy" title="Fall of the Fascist regime in Italy">End in Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_trials" title="Nuremberg trials">Nuremberg Trials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Military_Tribunal_for_the_Far_East" title="International Military Tribunal for the Far East">Tokyo Trials</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Lists116" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Lists</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-fascism" title="Anti-fascism">Anti-fascists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_books_by_or_about_Adolf_Hitler" class="mw-redirect" title="List of books by or about Adolf Hitler">Books about Hitler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_fascist_parties" title="List of British fascist parties">British fascist parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fascist_movements_by_country" title="List of fascist movements by country">Fascist movements by country</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_fascist_movements_by_country_A%E2%80%93F" title="List of fascist movements by country A–F">A-F</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fascist_movements_by_country_G%E2%80%93M" title="List of fascist movements by country G–M">G-M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fascist_movements_by_country_N%E2%80%93T" title="List of fascist movements by country N–T">N-T</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fascist_movements_by_country_U%E2%80%93Z" title="List of fascist movements by country U–Z">U-Z</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nazi_ideologues" title="List of Nazi ideologues">Nazi ideologues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nazi_Party_leaders_and_officials" title="List of Nazi Party leaders and officials">Nazi leaders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_secretaries_of_Italian_fascist_parties" title="List of secretaries of Italian fascist parties">Secretaries of Italian fascist parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_speeches_given_by_Adolf_Hitler" title="List of speeches given by Adolf Hitler">Speeches by Hitler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_SS_personnel" title="List of SS personnel">SS personnel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Related_topics116" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Related topics</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Authoritarian_conservatism" title="Authoritarian conservatism">Authoritarian conservatism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chiangism" title="Chiangism">Chiangism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francoist_Spain#Francoism" title="Francoist Spain">Francoism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khomeinism" title="Khomeinism">Khomeinism</a></li> <li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Maurrassisme" title="Maurrassisme">Maurrassisme</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinochetism" title="Pinochetism">Pinochetism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Putinism" title="Putinism">Putinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziaism" title="Ziaism">Ziaism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alt-right" title="Alt-right">Alt-right</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alt-lite" title="Alt-lite">Alt-lite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alt-right_pipeline" title="Alt-right pipeline">Alt-right pipeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alt-tech" title="Alt-tech">Alt-tech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Identitarian_movement" title="Identitarian movement">Identitarian movement</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-fascism" title="Anti-fascism">Anti-fascism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahutu_Manifesto" title="Bahutu Manifesto">Bahutu Manifesto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berlusconism" title="Berlusconism">Berlusconism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Revolution" title="Conservative Revolution">Conservative Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_fascism" title="Criticism of fascism">Criticism of fascism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europe_a_Nation" title="Europe a Nation">Europe a Nation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascist_(insult)" title="Fascist (insult)">Fascist (epithet)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascist_mysticism" title="Fascist mysticism">Fascist mysticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feudal_fascism" title="Feudal fascism">Feudal fascism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F-scale_(personality_test)" title="F-scale (personality test)">F-scale (personality test)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garveyism" title="Garveyism">Garveyism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germanisation" title="Germanisation">Germanisation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Germanisation_of_Poles_during_the_Partitions" title="Germanisation of Poles during the Partitions">of Poles during the Partitions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italianization" title="Italianization">Italianization</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italianization_of_South_Tyrol" title="Italianization of South Tyrol">of South Tyrol</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanization" title="Japanization">Japanization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morenazi" title="Morenazi">Morenazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neosocialism" title="Neosocialism">Neosocialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Para-fascism" title="Para-fascism">Para/semi-fascism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-fascism" title="Post-fascism">Post-fascism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proto-fascism" title="Proto-fascism">Proto-fascism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_fascism" title="Red fascism">Red fascism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red%E2%80%93green%E2%80%93brown_alliance" title="Red–green–brown alliance">Red–green–brown alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_salute" title="Roman salute">Roman salute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saffronisation" title="Saffronisation">Saffronisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sansepolcrismo" title="Sansepolcrismo">Sansepolcrismo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_racism" title="Scientific racism">Scientific racism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aryanism" title="Aryanism">Aryanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordicism" title="Nordicism">Nordicism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_fascism" title="Social fascism">Social fascism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorelianism" title="Sorelianism">Sorelianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synarchism" title="Synarchism">Synarchism</a></li> <li><a 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Template:Nazism"," 28.21% 338.998 8 Template:Excerpt"," 18.91% 227.282 1 Template:Nazism_sidebar"," 18.69% 224.611 1 Template:Sidebar_with_collapsible_lists"," 14.28% 171.658 69 Template:Lang"," 11.38% 136.721 1 Template:Reflist"," 7.25% 87.176 3 Template:Cite_web"," 6.51% 78.213 2 Template:IPA"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.814","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":21464302,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"table#1 {\n [\"size\"] = \"tiny\",\n}\nanchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"1005\"] = 1,\n [\"Aktion\"] = 1,\n [\"Alljuda\"] = 1,\n [\"B1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAllanBurridge1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBerenbaum2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFrost2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGerwarth2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKitchen1994\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKoonz2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLangbein2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMichaelDoerr2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchmitz-Berning2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWalk1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWiddig2001\"] = 1,\n [\"EK\"] = 1,\n [\"EKDM\"] = 1,\n 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