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id="toc-Vanliga_former-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Svenska" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Svenska"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Svenska</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Svenska-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Australiska_språk" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Australiska_språk"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Australiska språk</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Australiska_språk-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dualis,_trialis_och_kvadralis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dualis,_trialis_och_kvadralis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Dualis, trialis och kvadralis</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Dualis,_trialis_och_kvadralis-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Växla underavsnittet Dualis, trialis och kvadralis</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Dualis,_trialis_och_kvadralis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Dualis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dualis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Dualis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dualis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Trialis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Trialis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Trialis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Trialis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kvadralis_och_paukalis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kvadralis_och_paukalis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Kvadralis och paukalis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kvadralis_och_paukalis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nollplural,_Singulare_tantum_och_plurale_tantum" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nollplural,_Singulare_tantum_och_plurale_tantum"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Nollplural, Singulare tantum och plurale tantum</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nollplural,_Singulare_tantum_och_plurale_tantum-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Andra_varianter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Andra_varianter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Andra varianter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Andra_varianter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referenser" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referenser"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Referenser</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Referenser-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Växla underavsnittet Referenser</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Referenser-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Originalcitat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Originalcitat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Originalcitat</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Originalcitat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innehåll" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Växla innehållsförteckningen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Växla innehållsförteckningen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Numerus</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå till en artikel på ett annat språk. Tillgänglig på 66 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-66" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">66 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%AF_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%AF" title="العدد والمعدود – arabiska" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="العدد والمعدود" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numero_gramatical" title="Numero gramatical – aragonesiska" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Numero gramatical" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%A8_(%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%A3)" title="বচন (ব্যাকৰণ) – assamesiska" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="বচন (ব্যাকৰণ)" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="assamesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA" title="Граматычны лік – belarusiska" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Граматычны лік" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE_(%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Число (граматика) – bulgariska" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Число (граматика)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgariska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numerus" title="Numerus – bayerska" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Numerus" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="bayerska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niver_(yezhoniezh)" title="Niver (yezhoniezh) – bretonska" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Niver (yezhoniezh)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nombre_(gram%C3%A0tica)" title="Nombre (gramàtica) – katalanska" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Nombre (gramàtica)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BF_(%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Хисеп (грамматика) – tjuvasjiska" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Хисеп (грамматика)" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="tjuvasjiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8C%C3%ADslo_(mluvnice)" title="Číslo (mluvnice) – tjeckiska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Číslo (mluvnice)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tjeckiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhif_gramadegol" title="Rhif gramadegol – walesiska" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Rhif gramadegol" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="walesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatisk_tal" title="Grammatisk tal – danska" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Grammatisk tal" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numerus" title="Numerus – tyska" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Numerus" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tyska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arv_(keeleteadus)" title="Arv (keeleteadus) – estniska" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Arv (keeleteadus)" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%B8%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82_(%CE%B3%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE)" title="Αριθμός (γραμματική) – grekiska" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αριθμός (γραμματική)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grekiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatical_number" title="Grammatical number – engelska" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Grammatical number" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%BAmero_gramatical" title="Número gramatical – spanska" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Número gramatical" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramatika_nombro" title="Gramatika nombro – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Gramatika nombro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numero_(gramatika)" title="Numero (gramatika) – baskiska" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Numero (gramatika)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1_(%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86)" title="شمار (دستور زبان) – persiska" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="شمار (دستور زبان)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nombre_(linguistique)" title="Nombre (linguistique) – franska" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Nombre (linguistique)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singilte" title="Singilte – skotsk gäliska" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Singilte" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="skotsk gäliska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%BAmero_gramatical" title="Número gramatical – galiciska" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Número gramatical" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiciska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%88%98_(%EB%AC%B8%EB%B2%95)" title="수 (문법) – koreanska" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="수 (문법)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B9%D5%BE%D5%AB_%D6%84%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%AF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A3" title="Թվի քերականական կարգ – armeniska" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Թվի քերականական կարգ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%A8_(%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3)" title="वचन (व्याकरण) – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="वचन (व्याकरण)" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tala_(m%C3%A1lfr%C3%A6%C3%B0i)" title="Tala (málfræði) – isländska" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Tala (málfræði)" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="isländska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numero_(linguistica)" title="Numero (linguistica) – italienska" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Numero (linguistica)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italienska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%A8_(%D7%91%D7%9C%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%AA)" title="מספר (בלשנות) – hebreiska" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מספר (בלשנות)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%AA%E1%83%AE%E1%83%95%E1%83%98_(%E1%83%92%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%90)" title="რიცხვი (გრამატიკა) – georgiska" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="რიცხვი (გრამატიკა)" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numerus_grammaticus" title="Numerus grammaticus – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Numerus grammaticus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramatiskais_skaitlis" title="Gramatiskais skaitlis – lettiska" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Gramatiskais skaitlis" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lettiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramatinis_skai%C4%8Dius" title="Gramatinis skaičius – litauiska" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Gramatinis skaičius" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litauiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bom%C9%94%CC%8Ck%C9%94%CC%81" title="Bomɔ̌kɔ́ – lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Bomɔ̌kɔ́" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sz%C3%A1m_(nyelv%C3%A9szet)" title="Szám (nyelvészet) – ungerska" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Szám (nyelvészet)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungerska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%98_(%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Број (граматика) – makedonska" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Број (граматика)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filaza_isa_(fitsipiteny)" title="Filaza isa (fitsipiteny) – malagassiska" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Filaza isa (fitsipiteny)" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malagassiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%A8_(%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3)" title="वचन (व्याकरण) – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="वचन (व्याकरण)" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Getal_(taalkunde)" title="Getal (taalkunde) – nederländska" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Getal (taalkunde)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederländska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%95%B0_(%E6%96%87%E6%B3%95)" title="数 (文法) – japanska" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="数 (文法)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatisk_tall" title="Grammatisk tall – norskt bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Grammatisk tall" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norskt bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numerus" title="Numerus – nynorska" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Numerus" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="nynorska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nombre_(gramatica)" title="Nombre (gramatica) – occitanska" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Nombre (gramatica)" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%9A%E0%A8%A8_(%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A8)" title="ਵਚਨ (ਵਿਆਕਰਨ) – punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਵਚਨ (ਵਿਆਕਰਨ)" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%AF_%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%B9" title="واحد جمع – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="واحد جمع" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antall_(Grammatik)" title="Antall (Grammatik) – lågtyska" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Antall (Grammatik)" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="lågtyska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liczba_(j%C4%99zykoznawstwo)" title="Liczba (językoznawstwo) – polska" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Liczba (językoznawstwo)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%BAmero_(gram%C3%A1tica)" title="Número (gramática) – portugisiska" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Número (gramática)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Num%C4%83r_(gramatic%C4%83)" title="Număr (gramatică) – rumänska" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Număr (gramatică)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumänska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D1%96%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE_(%D2%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Чісло (ґраматіка) – rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Чісло (ґраматіка)" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Грамматическое число – ryska" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Грамматическое число" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ryska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%9C%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%B4%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B1" title="ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱱ – santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱱ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numri_gramatikor" title="Numri gramatikor – albanska" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Numri gramatikor" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatical_number" title="Grammatical number – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Grammatical number" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8C%C3%ADslo_(gramatick%C3%A1_kateg%C3%B3ria)" title="Číslo (gramatická kategória) – slovakiska" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Číslo (gramatická kategória)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slovni%C4%8Dno_%C5%A1tevilo" title="Slovnično število – slovenska" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Slovnično število" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%98_(%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Број (граматика) – serbiska" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Број (граматика)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kieliopillinen_luku" title="Kieliopillinen luku – finska" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kieliopillinen luku" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%81_%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%9A%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81" title="తెలుగు వచనములు – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="తెలుగు వచనములు" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dilbilgisel_say%C4%B1" title="Dilbilgisel sayı – turkiska" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Dilbilgisel sayı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turkiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE_(%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE)" title="Число (мовознавство) – ukrainska" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Число (мовознавство)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%E1%BB%91_ng%E1%BB%AF_ph%C3%A1p" title="Số ngữ pháp – vietnamesiska" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Số ngữ pháp" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nombe_(linwince)" title="Nombe (linwince) – vallonska" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Nombe (linwince)" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="vallonska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%95%B0%EF%BC%88%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95%EF%BC%89" title="数（语法） – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="数（语法）" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%95%B8%E9%87%8F_(%E6%96%87%E6%B3%95)" title="數量 (文法) – kantonesiska" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="數量 (文法)" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%95%B0_(%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95)" title="数 (语法) – kinesiska" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="数 (语法)" data-language-autonym="中文" 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Från Wikipedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="sv" dir="ltr"><p><b>Numerus</b> (ung. <i>antalsform</i>) är en <a href="/wiki/Grammatik" title="Grammatik">grammatisk</a> böjnings<a href="/wiki/Grammatisk_kategori" title="Grammatisk kategori">kategori</a>. Den används i första hand för <a href="/wiki/Substantiv" title="Substantiv">substantiv</a> och <a href="/wiki/Pronomen" title="Pronomen">pronomina</a>, men ordet kan också användas om böjningskategorier hos ord av andra <a href="/wiki/Ordklass" title="Ordklass">ordklasser</a> som <a href="/wiki/Kongruensb%C3%B6jning" class="mw-redirect" title="Kongruensböjning">kongruensböjs</a> med substantiven i aktuell kategori. I modern svenska finns (främst) två <a href="/wiki/Grammem" title="Grammem">grammem</a> i numerus: <a href="/wiki/Singularis" title="Singularis">singularis</a> och <a href="/wiki/Pluralis" title="Pluralis">pluralis</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vanliga_former">Vanliga former</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Numerus&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitt: Vanliga former" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Numerus&action=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Vanliga former"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Svenska">Svenska</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Numerus&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitt: Svenska" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Numerus&action=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Svenska"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Modern <a href="/wiki/Svenska" title="Svenska">svenska</a> har två numerus. Det är <a href="/wiki/Singularis" title="Singularis">singularis</a> som ofta är omarkerad och innebär ental, och <a href="/wiki/Pluralis" title="Pluralis">pluralis</a> som ofta markeras med <a href="/wiki/Suffix" title="Suffix">suffix</a> och som innebär flertal (två eller flera). </p><p>Svenskan har utvecklats ur ett språk som hade skilda former i singular, dualis och plural. Undan för undan sammanföll dualis- och pluralformerna, men i <a href="/wiki/Fornsvenska" title="Fornsvenska">fornsvenskan</a> skilde man fortfarande exempelvis på <i>vit</i> ("vi två") och <i>vir</i> eller <i>vi</i> ("vi tre eller flera"). Den moderna svenskan innehåller rester av dualisböjning – formerna <i>ögon</i> och <i>öron</i> – men de fungerar idag som pluralformer. Däremot fungerar det separata ordet "båda" <a href="/wiki/Semantik" title="Semantik">semantiskt</a> som om det hade varit en <a href="/wiki/Suppletion" title="Suppletion">suppletiv</a> dualisform av ordet "alla". Med andra ord väljer man ordet "båda" i stället för "alla" i sådana sammanhang där ordet syftar på två av något. </p><p>I modern svenska numerusböjs <a href="/wiki/Substantiv" title="Substantiv">substantiv</a>, <a href="/wiki/Adjektiv" title="Adjektiv">adjektiv</a> och vissa <a href="/wiki/Pronomen" title="Pronomen">pronomen</a>, mest medelst skilda <a href="/wiki/%C3%84ndelse" class="mw-redirect" title="Ändelse">ändelser</a>, men i några fall genom fullständigt byte av ordstam. Fram till ungefär år <a href="/wiki/1950" title="1950">1950</a> numerusböjdes också <a href="/wiki/Verb" title="Verb">verb</a> i <a href="/wiki/Skriftspr%C3%A5k" title="Skriftspråk">skriftspråket</a>. Undan för undan har den <a href="/wiki/Produktiv_(grammatik)" title="Produktiv (grammatik)">produktiva</a> användningen av separata <a href="/wiki/Finit" class="mw-redirect" title="Finit">finita</a> verbformer i plural ersatts av singularformerna, så att de nu nästan bara används i exempelvis bevarade äldre uttryck, sånger och texter, samt delvis i vissa <a href="/wiki/Dialekt" title="Dialekt">dialekter</a> (som i <a href="/wiki/De_egentliga_dalm%C3%A5len" class="mw-redirect" title="De egentliga dalmålen">de egentliga dalmålen</a>) och i mindre ändringar av vissa äldre texter, för att inte införa språklig inkonsekvens. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Australiska_språk"><span id="Australiska_spr.C3.A5k"></span>Australiska språk</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Numerus&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Redigera avsnitt: Australiska språk" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Numerus&action=edit&section=3" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Australiska språk"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>I <a href="/wiki/Australiska_spr%C3%A5k" title="Australiska språk">australiska språk</a> fordras ingen markering av flertal, men <a href="/wiki/Grammem" title="Grammem">grammemet</a> plural finns ändå i substantiv, och används när man vill betona att där finns flera av något.<sup id="cite_ref-RMWDS_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RMWDS-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Grammemet <i>singular</i> betecknar ett ospecificerat antal,<sup id="cite_ref-RMWDS_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RMWDS-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> men kallas ändå konventionellt “singular” i australiska grammatikor. Australiska pronomina har grammemen singular, dual och plural.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dualis,_trialis_och_kvadralis"><span id="Dualis.2C_trialis_och_kvadralis"></span>Dualis, trialis och kvadralis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Numerus&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Redigera avsnitt: Dualis, trialis och kvadralis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Numerus&action=edit&section=4" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Dualis, trialis och kvadralis"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>I en del språk finns särskilda numerusformer för något av antalet två, tre respektive fyra. Dessa benämns oftast <i>dualis</i>, <i>trialis</i> respektive<i> kvadralis.</i> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dualis">Dualis</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Numerus&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Redigera avsnitt: Dualis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Numerus&action=edit&section=5" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Dualis"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Dualis</i> (<i>tvåtal</i>), ibland <i>dual</i>, är ett grammatiskt numerus för två subjekt eller objekt.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Några språk med dualisformer är <a href="/wiki/Arabiska" title="Arabiska">arabiska</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iriska" title="Iriska">iriska</a>, <a href="/wiki/Samiska" title="Samiska">samiska</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">sanskrit</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Slovenska" title="Slovenska">slovenska</a> och <a href="/wiki/Sorbiska" title="Sorbiska">sorbiska</a>. </p><p>I modern ryska är dualis avskaffat, men vissa rester hänger fortfarande kvar i kvantitetsuttryck. Efter räkneordet один/одна/одно (en/ett) står substantiv i formen <a href="/wiki/Nominativ" title="Nominativ">nominativ</a> <a href="/wiki/Singularis" title="Singularis">singularis</a>, efter räkneorden два/две (två), три (tre) och четыре (fyra) står de i <a href="/wiki/Genitiv" title="Genitiv">genitiv</a> <a href="/wiki/Singularis" title="Singularis">singularis</a> och efter övriga räkneord står de i <a href="/wiki/Genitiv" title="Genitiv">genitiv</a> <a href="/wiki/Pluralis" title="Pluralis">pluralis</a>. I det <a href="/wiki/Polska" title="Polska">polska</a> språket förekommer också dualis i vissa fall. </p><p>I de <a href="/wiki/Arabiska" title="Arabiska">arabiska</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iriska" title="Iriska">iriska</a>, <a href="/wiki/Samiska" title="Samiska">samiska</a> <a href="/wiki/Slovenska" title="Slovenska">slovenska</a> och <a href="/wiki/Sorbiska" title="Sorbiska">sorbiska</a> språken förekommer dualis som levande delar av språken. </p><p>I <a href="/wiki/Fornisl%C3%A4ndska" class="mw-redirect" title="Fornisländska">fornisländska</a> var <i>við</i> och <i>þið</i> dualis av "vi" resp. "ni", medan <i>vér</i> och <i>þér</i> var pluralis. I modern isländska är <i>við</i> och <i>þið</i> pluralis medan <i>vér</i> och <i>þér</i> är <a href="/wiki/Arkaism" title="Arkaism">arkaiserande</a> pluralis. </p><p>Exempel på rester av dualis som fortfarande lever kvar i <a href="/wiki/Svenska" title="Svenska">svenskan</a> är <i>öron</i> och <i>ögon</i>, som idag är pluralis. Ett levande dualisinslag kan distinktionen mellan <i>båda</i> eller <i>bägge</i> (två) och <i>alla</i> (fler än två eller okänt antal) sägas vara. <i>Ingendera</i> (av två möjliga) är också en levande dualisform. </p><p>I <a href="/wiki/Engelska" title="Engelska">engelska</a> språket förekommer också vissa levande dualinslag; dessa är <i>both</i> istället för <i>all</i> (båda/alla), <i>either</i> istället för <i>any</i> (någon, vilken som helst), och <i>neither</i> istället för <i>none</i> (ingen). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Trialis">Trialis</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Numerus&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Redigera avsnitt: Trialis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Numerus&action=edit&section=6" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Trialis"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Trialis</i> (<i>tretal</i>) är en numerusvariant för ord som relaterar till mängden tre. Trialis förekommer endast i vissa språk; ett exempel är <a href="/wiki/Fiji" title="Fiji">fiji</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kvadralis_och_paukalis">Kvadralis och paukalis</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Numerus&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Redigera avsnitt: Kvadralis och paukalis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Numerus&action=edit&section=7" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Kvadralis och paukalis"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Vissa lingvister identifierar även numerusformer för antalet fyra, kallat för kvadralis. Annars beskrivs detta ofta under kategorin <i>paukalis</i>, som utgör ett fåtal, där referenterna är fler än en, men färre än vad som på språket uppfattas som många<sup id="cite_ref-:1_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nollplural,_Singulare_tantum_och_plurale_tantum"><span id="Nollplural.2C_Singulare_tantum_och_plurale_tantum"></span>Nollplural, Singulare tantum och plurale tantum</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Numerus&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Redigera avsnitt: Nollplural, Singulare tantum och plurale tantum" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Numerus&action=edit&section=8" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Nollplural, Singulare tantum och plurale tantum"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ett substantiv har <i>nollplural</i> om dess obestämda <a href="/wiki/Plural" class="mw-redirect" title="Plural">pluralform</a> är identisk med dess <a href="/wiki/Singular" class="mw-redirect" title="Singular">singularform</a>. Nollplural är vanligt i <a href="/wiki/Germanska_spr%C3%A5k" title="Germanska språk">germanska språk</a>, och återfinns i <a href="/wiki/Svenska" title="Svenska">svenskan</a> främst hos ord med <a href="/wiki/Neutrum" title="Neutrum">neutrumgenus</a> som slutar på konsonant, och hos ord med <a href="/wiki/Utrum" title="Utrum">utrumgenus</a> med ändelsen -are, -ier eller -iker. </p><p>Exempel: ett hus, flera hus; en arbetare, flera arbetare; en indier flera indier; en fysiker flera fysiker. </p><p>Inom <a href="/wiki/Morfologi_(lingvistik)" title="Morfologi (lingvistik)">morfologin</a> markeras nollplural med <a href="/wiki/Nollmorfem" title="Nollmorfem">nollmorfemet</a> <i>-Ø</i>. Alltså, flera arbetare-Ø, flera röd-a hus-Ø.<sup id="cite_ref-Källa_till_själva_begreppet_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Källa_till_själva_begreppet-6"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Närliggande begrepp är <a href="/wiki/Singulare_tantum" title="Singulare tantum">singulare tantum</a> (ord som enbart förekommer i singular) och plurale tantum (ord som enbart förekommer i plural). Begreppen är dock inte identiska med nollplural, då de antyder att den ena numerusformen saknas för ett ord, medan nollplurala ord har båda numerusformerna (emellertid identiska med varandra). </p><p>På svenska är dessa ord nästan alltid <a href="/wiki/Or%C3%A4kneligt_substantiv" class="mw-redirect" title="Oräkneligt substantiv">oräkneliga substantiv</a>. Vissa oräkneliga substantiv kan alternativt användas som räkneliga substantiv med betydelsen ”en typ av”, vilket i plural betyder ”mer än en typ av” (exempelvis ordet <i>styrka</i> är oräkneligt i meningen <i>Styrka är effekt</i> men kan användas som ett kvantifierbart substantiv med betydelsen <i>typ av styrka</i> som i meningen <i>Mina styrkor är fysik och kemi</i>). Vissa ord – särskilt egennamn, som det fullständiga namnet på en individ – är nästan alltid i singular eftersom endast ett exempel existerar med substantivets betydelse. </p><p>På svenska är orden <i>information</i>, <i>smuts</i> och <i>kaffe</i> exempel på singulare tantum. På svenska är orden <i>glasögon</i>, <i>kläder</i>, <i>inälvor</i> och <i>genitalier</i> exempel på plurale tantum. Många andra språk har andra plurale tantum, såsom det <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">latinska</a> ordet <i><a href="/wiki/Kalendae" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalendae">kalendae</a></i> och det ryska ordet деньги <i>den'gi</i> ”pengar”. På engelska är <i>scissors</i> (”saxar”) exempel på plurale tantum. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Andra_varianter">Andra varianter</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Numerus&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Redigera avsnitt: Andra varianter" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Numerus&action=edit&section=9" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Andra varianter"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Pluralis modestiæ är</i> <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">latin</a> för <i>anspråkslöshetspluralis</i> och avser en författares bruk av <a href="/wiki/Plural" class="mw-redirect" title="Plural">plural</a> (<i>vi</i> i stället för <i>jag</i> eller <i>du</i>). Det kan till exempel användas av en föreläsare som inkluderar publiken i vi-et, till exempel ”Vi ser nu hur...” eller av <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A4kare" title="Läkare">läkare</a> i konstruktioner som ”Hur mår vi i dag?”. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Kollektiv_(lingvistik)" title="Kollektiv (lingvistik)">Kollektiv</a> är benämningen på ord som står i singularis men syftar på ett flertal. </p><p>Pluralis majestatis är en pluralform för något som i grund är ental. Begreppet har fått namn av situationen där en kung talar om sig själv som <i>vi</i>. </p><p>Fler varianter har namn som paralis, pluralis auctoris (juridiskt numerus), singularis materialis, singulalit och sortplural. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referenser">Referenser</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Numerus&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Redigera avsnitt: Referenser" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Numerus&action=edit&section=10" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Referenser"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-RMWDS-1">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-RMWDS_1-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RMWDS_1-1"><small>b</small></a>] <span class="reference-text">R. M. W. Dixon, <i>The Languages of Australia. Cambridge 1980. Sidorna 22 och 267.</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <span class="reference-text">R. M. W. Dixon, <i>The Languages of Australia. Cambridge 1980. Sidan 3.</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-3">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-1"><small>b</small></a>] <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ne.se/uppslagsverk/encyklopedi/l%C3%A5ng/dualis">”dualis”</a>. <i><span>ne.se</span></i><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.ne.se/uppslagsverk/encyklopedi/l%C3%A5ng/dualis">https://www.ne.se/uppslagsverk/encyklopedi/l%C3%A5ng/dualis</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 4 juni 2018</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=dualis&rft.atitle=ne.se&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ne.se%2Fuppslagsverk%2Fencyklopedi%2Fl%25C3%25A5ng%2Fdualis&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Numerus"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ne.se/uppslagsverk/encyklopedi/l%C3%A5ng/numerus">”numerus”</a>. <i><span>ne.se</span></i><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.ne.se/uppslagsverk/encyklopedi/l%C3%A5ng/numerus">https://www.ne.se/uppslagsverk/encyklopedi/l%C3%A5ng/numerus</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 4 juni 2018</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=numerus&rft.atitle=ne.se&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ne.se%2Fuppslagsverk%2Fencyklopedi%2Fl%25C3%25A5ng%2Fnumerus&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Numerus"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-5"><a href="#cite_ref-:1_5-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web" id="CITEREFKibort,_Anna_&_Greville_G._Corbett.">Kibort, Anna & Greville G. Corbett. (25 januari 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.grammaticalfeatures.net/features/number.html">”Grammatical Features - Number”</a> (på engelska). <i><span>www.grammaticalfeatures.net</span></i><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.grammaticalfeatures.net/features/number.html">http://www.grammaticalfeatures.net/features/number.html</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 5 juni 2018</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Grammatical+Features+-+Number&rft.atitle=www.grammaticalfeatures.net&rft.aulast=Kibort%2C+Anna+%26+Greville+G.+Corbett.&rft.au=Kibort%2C+Anna+%26+Greville+G.+Corbett.&rft.date=25+januari+2008&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.grammaticalfeatures.net%2Ffeatures%2Fnumber.html&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Numerus"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Källa_till_själva_begreppet-6"><a href="#cite_ref-Källa_till_själva_begreppet_6-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="book" id="CITEREFEricson2010">Ericson, Malin (2010). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.orient.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.38147.1320326860!/Grammatik_2011.pdf">STOCKHOLMS UNIVERSITET SPRÅKVETENSKAPLIGA ELEMENTA FÖR ORIENTALISTER - GRAMMATIK</a></i>. Stockholms Universitet - Instituationen för lingvistik. sid. 10<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.orient.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.38147.1320326860!/Grammatik_2011.pdf">http://www.orient.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.38147.1320326860!/Grammatik_2011.pdf</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 27 augusti 2014</span></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=STOCKHOLMS+UNIVERSITET+SPR%C3%85KVETENSKAPLIGA+ELEMENTA+F%C3%96R+ORIENTALISTER+-+GRAMMATIK&rft.aulast=Ericson&rft.aufirst=Malin&rft.au=Ericson%2C+Malin&rft.date=2010&rft.pages=sid.%26nbsp%3B10&rft.pub=Stockholms+Universitet+-+Instituationen+f%C3%B6r+lingvistik&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.orient.su.se%2Fpolopoly_fs%2F1.38147.1320326860%21%2FGrammatik_2011.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Numerus"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Originalcitat">Originalcitat</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Numerus&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Redigera avsnitt: Originalcitat" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Numerus&action=edit&section=11" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Originalcitat"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><br /> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r56287950">.mw-parser-output table.navbox{border:#aaa 1px solid;width:100%;margin:auto;margin-top:1em;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output link+table.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output table.navbox th{text-align:center;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox-thlinkcolor .navbox-title button,.mw-parser-output .navbox-thlinkcolor .navbox-title .mw-collapsible-text,.mw-parser-output .navbox-thlinkcolor .navbox-title a{color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .nowraplinks a,.mw-parser-output .nowraplinks .selflink{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Auktoritetsdata" title="Auktoritetsdata">Auktoritetsdata</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em;"> • <a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://d-nb.info/gnd/4172173-1">4172173-1</a></span> • <a href="/wiki/Tjeckiska_nationalbiblioteket" title="Tjeckiska nationalbiblioteket">NKC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph123479&CON_LNG=ENG">ph123479</a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r56287950"><table class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0; ;"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px;"><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="width:100%;border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"><tbody><tr><th style=";" colspan="2" class="navbox-title"><div style="float:left; width:3em;text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; white-space:nowrap; font-weight:normal; font-size:80%; border:none;; color: inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Mall:B%C3%B6jningskategorier_hos_nomina" title="Mall:Böjningskategorier hos nomina"><span title="Visa denna mall" style="border:none;;">v</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a class="external text" href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mall:B%C3%B6jningskategorier_hos_nomina&action=edit"><span style="border:none;;" title="Redigera den här mallen">r</span></a></div></div><span style="font-size:110%;"><a href="/wiki/B%C3%B6jning_(grammatik)" title="Böjning (grammatik)">Böjningskategorier</a> hos <a href="/wiki/Nomen" title="Nomen">nomina</a></span></th></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style=";" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Deklination_(lingvistik)" title="Deklination (lingvistik)">Deklination</a></td></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r56287950"></div><table class="collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="width:100%;border-spacing:0;;;;"><tbody><tr><th style=";;" colspan="2" class="navbox-title"><div style="float:left; width:3em;text-align:left;"> </div><span style="font-size:100%;"><a href="/wiki/Kasus" title="Kasus">Kasus</a></span></th></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r56287950"></div><table class="navbox-subgroup" style="width:100%;border-spacing:0;;;;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";text-align: center;;"><a href="/wiki/Satsl%C3%B6sning" title="Satslösning">Satslösningsberoende</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Absolutiv" title="Absolutiv">Absolutiv</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Ackusativ" title="Ackusativ">Ackusativ</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Dativ" title="Dativ">Dativ</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Ergativ" title="Ergativ">Ergativ</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Kluven_ergativitet" title="Kluven ergativitet">Kluven ergativitet</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Nominativ" title="Nominativ">Nominativ</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Oblik_(grammatik)" title="Oblik (grammatik)">Oblik</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Partitiv" title="Partitiv">Partitiv</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Pegativ" title="Pegativ">Pegativ</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Rektus" title="Rektus">Rektus</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";text-align: center;;"><a href="/wiki/Lokalkasus" title="Lokalkasus">Plats,tid, riktning</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Ablativ" title="Ablativ">Ablativ</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Adessiv" title="Adessiv">Adessiv</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Allativ" title="Allativ">Allativ</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Antessiv" title="Antessiv">Antessiv</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Apudessiv" title="Apudessiv">Apudessiv</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Delativ" title="Delativ">Delativ</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Distributiv_(kasus)" title="Distributiv (kasus)">Distributiv</a> (<a href="/wiki/Distributiv%E2%80%93temporalis" title="Distributiv–temporalis">–temporalis</a>)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Elativ" title="Elativ">Elativ</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Illativ" title="Illativ">Illativ</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Inelativ" title="Inelativ">Inelativ</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Inessiv" title="Inessiv">Inessiv</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Initiativ" title="Initiativ">Initiativ</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Intrativ" title="Intrativ">Intrativ</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Lativ" title="Lativ">Lativ</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Lokativ" title="Lokativ">Lokativ</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Perlativ" title="Perlativ">Perlativ</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Pertingent" title="Pertingent">Pertingent</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Postelativ" title="Postelativ">Postelativ</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Postessiv" title="Postessiv">Postessiv</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Prolativ" title="Prolativ">Prolativ</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Proximativ" title="Proximativ">Proximativ</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Subessiv" title="Subessiv">Subessiv</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Sublativ" title="Sublativ">Sublativ</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Superessiv" title="Superessiv">Superessiv</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Superlativ_(kasus)" title="Superlativ (kasus)">Superlativ</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Temporalis_(kasus)" title="Temporalis (kasus)">Temporalis</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Terminativ" title="Terminativ">Terminativ</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";text-align: center;;">Ägande, medföljande, agent</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Abessiv" title="Abessiv">Abessiv</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Dativ" title="Dativ">Dativ</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Genitiv" title="Genitiv">Genitiv</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Instrumentalis" title="Instrumentalis">Instrumentalis</a> (<a href="/wiki/Instrumentalis%E2%80%93komitativ" title="Instrumentalis–komitativ">–komitativ</a>)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Komitativ" title="Komitativ">Komitativ</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Ornativ" title="Ornativ">Ornativ</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Possessiv" title="Possessiv">Possessiv</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Sociativ" title="Sociativ">Sociativ</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";text-align: center;;">Tillstånd</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Adverbialis" title="Adverbialis">Adverbialis</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Komparativ_(kasus)" title="Komparativ (kasus)">Komparativ</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Ekvativ" title="Ekvativ">Ekvativ</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Essiv" title="Essiv">Essiv</a> (<a href="/wiki/Essiv%E2%80%93formalis" title="Essiv–formalis">–formalis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Essiv%E2%80%93modalis" title="Essiv–modalis">–modalis</a>) <span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Exessiv" title="Exessiv">Exessiv</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Formalis" title="Formalis">Formalis</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Identiskt_kasus" title="Identiskt kasus">Identiskt kasus</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Instruktiv" title="Instruktiv">Instruktiv</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Modalis" title="Modalis">Modalis</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Multiplikativ_(kasus)" title="Multiplikativ (kasus)">Multiplikativ</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Orientativ" title="Orientativ">Orientativ</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Revertiv" title="Revertiv">Revertiv</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Semblativ" title="Semblativ">Semblativ</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Translativ" title="Translativ">Translativ</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";text-align: center;;">Orsak, syfte</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Aversiv" title="Aversiv">Aversiv</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Benefaktiv" title="Benefaktiv">Benefaktiv</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Finalkasus" title="Finalkasus">Finalkasus</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a 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