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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Greyfield land</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="This article exist only in this language. 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.mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about US shopping mall sites. For the reuse of developed land, see <a href="/wiki/Brownfield_land" title="Brownfield land">Brownfield land</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Greyfield_land" title="Special:EditPage/Greyfield land">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Greyfield+land%22">"Greyfield land"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Greyfield+land%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Greyfield+land%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Greyfield+land%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Greyfield+land%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Greyfield+land%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2010</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Construccionkaiserrich.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Construccionkaiserrich.jpg/220px-Construccionkaiserrich.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Construccionkaiserrich.jpg/330px-Construccionkaiserrich.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Construccionkaiserrich.jpg/440px-Construccionkaiserrich.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>A greyfield in <a href="/wiki/Richmond,_California" title="Richmond, California">Richmond, California</a> is used to expand a <a href="/wiki/Kaiser_Permanente" title="Kaiser Permanente">Kaiser Permanente</a> hospital.</figcaption></figure> <p>In the United States, <b>greyfield land</b> (or <b>grayfield</b>) is a formerly-viable retail and commercial shopping site (such as regional malls and <a href="/wiki/Strip_mall" title="Strip mall">strip centers</a>) that has suffered from lack of reinvestment and been "outclassed" by larger, better-designed, better-anchored malls or shopping sites. These particular greyfield sites are also referred to as "<a href="/wiki/Dead_mall" title="Dead mall">dead malls</a>" or "ghostboxes" if the anchor or other major tenants have vacated the premises leaving behind empty shells.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The term was coined in the early 2000s from the "sea" of empty <a href="/wiki/Asphalt_concrete" title="Asphalt concrete">asphalt concrete</a> that often accompanies these sites. </p><p>The "greyfield" term may also be applied more broadly to urban infill or commercial locations where underuse or outdated (non-retail) uses hamper an otherwise valuable real estate asset. An example would be a formerly industrial waterfront site that is potentially valuable as a mixed use/residential site as it is being encroached upon by residential sprawl, or other economic or redevelopment pressures. In this example, the revitalization of the greyfield may require <a href="/wiki/Zoning" title="Zoning">zoning</a> changes and/or a public-private partnership of some kind to achieve the highest and best use. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greyfield_land&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2001 the <a href="/wiki/Congress_for_the_New_Urbanism" class="mw-redirect" title="Congress for the New Urbanism">Congress for the New Urbanism</a> coined the term "greyfield," which refers to aging strips of development that once served as vital commercial corridors during the post-<a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> suburban exodus but have today fallen on harder times.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In contrast to contaminated brownfields and undeveloped greenfields, greyfields refer to "so-called 'dead malls,' often characterized by the vast empty asphalt parking lots that surround them."<sup id="cite_ref-mallsintomainstreets_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mallsintomainstreets-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The most conservative calculations in 1999 estimated that there would be no fewer than 203 American greyfield malls with a combined outstanding debt of over $2 billion and projected redevelopment costs of over $11 billion by 2004. In 2001, of the 2,000 American regional malls, it was estimated that nearly 20% were greyfield malls or in danger of becoming one.<sup id="cite_ref-mallsintomainstreets_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mallsintomainstreets-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Examples of greyfields in American cities are the Central City Mall in <a href="/wiki/San_Bernardino" class="mw-redirect" title="San Bernardino">San Bernardino</a>, <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>; the <a href="/wiki/Prestonwood_Town_Center" title="Prestonwood Town Center">Prestonwood Town Center</a> in <a href="/wiki/Dallas" title="Dallas">Dallas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a>; the <a href="/wiki/Maple_Hill_Pavilion" title="Maple Hill Pavilion">Maple Hill Pavilion</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kalamazoo" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalamazoo">Kalamazoo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">Michigan</a>; and the Lafayette Plaza in <a href="/wiki/Bridgeport" class="mw-redirect" title="Bridgeport">Bridgeport</a>, <a href="/wiki/Connecticut" title="Connecticut">Connecticut</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Characteristics">Characteristics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greyfield_land&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Characteristics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>An average site size of 45 acres (18 ha). These sites are both smaller and less connected to the regional transportation system than those housing America's best-performing malls, which average over 70 acres (28 ha) in size, with freeway visibility and direct ramp access.<sup id="cite_ref-mallsintomainstreets_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mallsintomainstreets-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Located in established neighborhoods and shopping districts and on suburban arterials with bus service, many are already bus hubs.<sup id="cite_ref-mallsintomainstreets_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mallsintomainstreets-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>They have formidable competition; on average, greyfield malls have 2.3 million square feet (210,000 m<sup>2</sup>) million square feet of competing retail space in 22 other centers within 5 miles (8.0 km). They are often older and smaller than the most successful malls in their region.<sup id="cite_ref-mallsintomainstreets_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mallsintomainstreets-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Conventional renovations will not be sufficient to breathe new life into many properties. A facelift will do little to help. A new anchor store, depending on the center's position in the market, may not do much either.<sup id="cite_ref-mallsintomainstreets_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mallsintomainstreets-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Factors_for_redevelopment">Factors for redevelopment</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greyfield_land&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Factors for redevelopment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Critical factors necessary for the redevelopment of a greyfield site include the following:<sup id="cite_ref-mallsintomainstreets_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mallsintomainstreets-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Market conditions</li> <li>Ownership and anchor tenant status</li> <li>Site and location factors</li> <li>Municipal and community capacity</li> <li>Developer and lender capacity</li></ul> <p>Lessons from successful greyfield transformations are based on the case studies conducted by the Congress for New Urbanism. These sites were the <a href="/wiki/Paseo_Colorado" class="mw-redirect" title="Paseo Colorado">Paseo Colorado</a> development in <a href="/wiki/Pasadena,_California" title="Pasadena, California">Pasadena</a>, <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>; the City Place development in <a href="/wiki/Long_Beach,_California" title="Long Beach, California">Long Beach, California</a>; the Belmar development in <a href="/wiki/Lakewood,_Colorado" title="Lakewood, Colorado">Lakewood, Colorado</a>; the Downtown Park Forest development in <a href="/wiki/Park_Forest,_Illinois" title="Park Forest, Illinois">Park Forest, Illinois</a>; the <a href="/wiki/Mizner_Park" title="Mizner Park">Mizner Park</a> development in <a href="/wiki/Boca_Raton" class="mw-redirect" title="Boca Raton">Boca Raton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a>; and the Winter Park Village development in <a href="/wiki/Winter_Park,_Florida" title="Winter Park, Florida">Winter Park, Florida</a>. The lessons learned in this study were:<sup id="cite_ref-mallsintomainstreets_3-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mallsintomainstreets-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Incorporate features that will maximize environmental benefits.</li> <li>Explore major physical changes.</li> <li>Use car parking carefully.</li> <li>Incorporate public amenities that add value and distinguish the development.</li> <li>Include civic and institutional activities.</li> <li>Expect a lengthy pre-development period and prepare for complications.</li> <li>Establish a high standard for urban design.</li> <li>Market the new concept.</li> <li>Develop mixed-uses that can thrive independently.</li> <li>Patient money is the best fit for town center projects.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greyfield_land&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMoore2013" class="citation journal cs1">Moore, Robbie (26 February 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/2650284">"The Death of the American Mall and the Rebirth of PublicSpace"</a>. <i>The International</i>. The International, Inc<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 December</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+International&rft.atitle=The+Death+of+the+American+Mall+and+the+Rebirth+of+PublicSpace&rft.date=2013-02-26&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=Robbie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F2650284&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreyfield+land" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGambleLeBlanc2004" class="citation journal cs1">Gamble, Michael; LeBlanc, W. Jude (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://places.designobserver.com/media/pdf/Incremental_Ur_660.pdf">"Incremental Urbanism: The Auto and Pedestrian Reconsidered in Greyfield Reclamation — Atlanta, Georgia"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Incremental Urbanism</i>. <b>16</b> (3): 1.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Incremental+Urbanism&rft.atitle=Incremental+Urbanism%3A+The+Auto+and+Pedestrian+Reconsidered+in+Greyfield+Reclamation+%E2%80%94+Atlanta%2C+Georgia&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=1&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Gamble&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.au=LeBlanc%2C+W.+Jude&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fplaces.designobserver.com%2Fmedia%2Fpdf%2FIncremental_Ur_660.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreyfield+land" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mallsintomainstreets-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mallsintomainstreets_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mallsintomainstreets_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mallsintomainstreets_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mallsintomainstreets_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mallsintomainstreets_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mallsintomainstreets_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mallsintomainstreets_3-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mallsintomainstreets_3-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCongress_for_the_New_Urbanism" class="citation web cs1">Congress for the New Urbanism. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140707072208/https://www.cnu.org/sites/files/mallsintomainstreets.pdf">"Malls into Mainstreets: An In-Depth Guide to Transforming Dead Malls into Communities"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Congress for the New Urbanism. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnu.org/sites/files/mallsintomainstreets.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 7 July 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 January</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Malls+into+Mainstreets%3A+An+In-Depth+Guide+to+Transforming+Dead+Malls+into+Communities&rft.pub=Congress+for+the+New+Urbanism&rft.au=Congress+for+the+New+Urbanism&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnu.org%2Fsites%2Ffiles%2Fmallsintomainstreets.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreyfield+land" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlackbird" class="citation web cs1">Blackbird, Peter. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://deadmalls.com/stories.html">"Dead Mall Stories"</a>. <i>Deadmalls.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 December</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Deadmalls.com&rft.atitle=Dead+Mall+Stories&rft.aulast=Blackbird&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdeadmalls.com%2Fstories.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreyfield+land" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revenue_house" title="Revenue house">Revenue house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rooming_house" title="Rooming house">Rooming house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single-room_occupancy" title="Single-room occupancy">Single-room occupancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subdivision_(land)" title="Subdivision (land)">Subdivision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tract_housing" title="Tract housing">Tract housing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Science/education</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Campus" title="Campus">Campus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_research_parks" title="List of research parks">Research park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satellite_campus" title="Satellite campus">Satellite campus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_park" title="Science park">Science park</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Planned_municipal_developments" title="Category:Planned municipal developments">Municipal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arcology" title="Arcology">Arcology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civic_center" title="Civic center">Civic center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garden_city_movement" title="Garden city movement">Garden city movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Model_village" title="Model village">Model village</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_planned_cities" title="List of planned cities">Planned cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planned_community" title="Planned community">Planned community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_green_space" title="Urban green space">Urban green space</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Urban_park" title="Urban park">parks</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Building" title="Building">Buildings</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_building_types" title="List of building types">types</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apartment" title="Apartment">Apartment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House" title="House">House</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_house_types" title="List of house types">types</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skyscraper" title="Skyscraper">Skyscraper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tower_block" title="Tower block">Tower block</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villa" title="Villa">Villa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Miscellaneous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brownfield_land" title="Brownfield land">Brownfield land</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cemetery" title="Cemetery">Cemetery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Residential_cluster_development" title="Residential cluster development">Residential cluster development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Construction" title="Construction">Construction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Context_theory" class="mw-redirect" title="Context theory">Context theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eminent_domain" title="Eminent domain">Eminent domain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenfield_land" title="Greenfield land">Greenfield land</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Greyfield land</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groundscraper" title="Groundscraper">Groundscraper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land-use_planning" title="Land-use planning">Land-use planning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_non-building_structure_types" title="List of non-building structure types">Nonbuilding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NIMBY" title="NIMBY">NIMBY</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Park" title="Park">Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parking" title="Parking">Parking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planning_permission" title="Planning permission">Planning permission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Playground" title="Playground">Playground</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redevelopment" title="Redevelopment">Redevelopment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_planning" title="Regional planning">Regional planning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_design" title="Urban design">Urban design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_planning" title="Urban planning">Urban planning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YIMBY" title="YIMBY">YIMBY</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoning" title="Zoning">Zoning</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" 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