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class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Witryna"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Spis treści" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Spis treści</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">przypnij</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ukryj</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Początek</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Pochodzenie_tytułu" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pochodzenie_tytułu"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Pochodzenie tytułu</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pochodzenie_tytułu-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historia_tytułu" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historia_tytułu"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Historia tytułu</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historia_tytułu-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cesarze_panujący_w_XX_i_XXI_wieku" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cesarze_panujący_w_XX_i_XXI_wieku"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Cesarze panujący w XX i XXI wieku</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cesarze_panujący_w_XX_i_XXI_wieku-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zobacz_też" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zobacz_też"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Zobacz też</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zobacz_też-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Przypisy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Przypisy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Przypisy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Przypisy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Spis treści" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Przełącz stan spisu treści" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Przełącz stan spisu treści</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Cesarz</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Przejdź do artykułu w innym języku. Treść dostępna w 108 językach" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-108" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">108 języków</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keiser" title="Keiser – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Keiser" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaiser" title="Kaiser – szwajcarski niemiecki" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Kaiser" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="szwajcarski niemiecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%B1" title="إمبراطور – arabski" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إمبراطور" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emperador" title="Emperador – aragoński" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Emperador" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amir%C4%83" title="Amiră – arumuński" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Amiră" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="arumuński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emperador" title="Emperador – asturyjski" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Emperador" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mburuvih%C3%A1ra" title="Mburuvihára – guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Mburuvihára" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0mperator" title="İmperator – azerbejdżański" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İmperator" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbejdżański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1" title="ایمپیراتور – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ایمپیراتور" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9F" title="সম্রাট – bengalski" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সম্রাট" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%B4ng-t%C3%A8" title="Hông-tè – minnański" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Hông-tè" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="minnański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Император – baszkirski" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Император" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baszkirski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Імператар – białoruski" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Імператар" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="białoruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Імпэратар – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Імпэратар" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emperador" title="Emperador – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Emperador" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Император – bułgarski" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Император" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bułgarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koasa" title="Koasa – bawarski" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Koasa" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="bawarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperator" title="Imperator – bośniacki" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Imperator" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bośniacki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impalaer" title="Impalaer – bretoński" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Impalaer" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emperador" title="Emperador – kataloński" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Emperador" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="kataloński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%ADsa%C5%99" title="Císař – czeski" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Císař" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="czeski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kejser" title="Kejser – duński" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kejser" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="duński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="dobry artykuł"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaiser" title="Kaiser – niemiecki" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kaiser" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="niemiecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keiser" title="Keiser – estoński" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Keiser" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CF%85%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%AC%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Αυτοκράτορας – grecki" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αυτοκράτορας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emperor" title="Emperor – angielski" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Emperor" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angielski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emperador" title="Emperador – hiszpański" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Emperador" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="hiszpański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperiestro" title="Imperiestro – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Imperiestro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enperadore" title="Enperadore – baskijski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Enperadore" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1" title="امپراتور – perski" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="امپراتور" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keisari" title="Keisari – farerski" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Keisari" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="farerski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empereur" title="Empereur – francuski" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Empereur" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francuski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keizer" title="Keizer – zachodniofryzyjski" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Keizer" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="zachodniofryzyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceusair" title="Ceusair – szkocki gaelicki" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Ceusair" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="szkocki gaelicki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emperador,_emperatriz" title="Emperador, emperatriz – galicyjski" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Emperador, emperatriz" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9A%87%E5%B8%9D" title="皇帝 – gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="皇帝" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vong_Ti" title="Vong Ti – hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Vong Ti" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%99%A9%EC%A0%9C" title="황제 – koreański" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="황제" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%BD%D6%80" title="Կայսր – ormiański" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կայսր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="ormiański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperator" title="Imperator – chorwacki" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Imperator" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="chorwacki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaisar" title="Kaisar – indonezyjski" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kaisar" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonezyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperator" title="Imperator – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Imperator" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keisari" title="Keisari – islandzki" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Keisari" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperatore" title="Imperatore – włoski" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Imperatore" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="włoski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%A8" title="קיסר – hebrajski" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קיסר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaisar" title="Kaisar – jawajski" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Kaisar" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="jawajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9A%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%BF" title="ಚಕ್ರವರ್ತಿ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಚಕ್ರವರ್ತಿ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="იმპერატორი – gruziński" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="იმპერატორი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruziński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Император – kazachski" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Император" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazachski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaizari" title="Kaizari – suahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kaizari" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="suahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Emperator" title="Împerator – kurdyjski" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Împerator" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperator" title="Imperator – łaciński" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Imperator" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="łaciński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperators" title="Imperators – łotewski" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Imperators" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="łotewski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperatorius" title="Imperatorius – litewski" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Imperatorius" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litewski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keizer" title="Keizer – limburski" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Keizer" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperador" title="Imperador – lombardzki" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Imperador" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cs%C3%A1sz%C3%A1r_(rang)" title="Császár (rang) – węgierski" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Császár (rang)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="węgierski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D" title="സാമ്രാട്ട് – malajalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സാമ്രാട്ട്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9F" title="सम्राट – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="सम्राट" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="იმპერატორი – megrelski" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="იმპერატორი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="megrelski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%B1" title="امبراطور – egipski arabski" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="امبراطور" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="egipski arabski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maharaja" title="Maharaja – malajski" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Maharaja" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaisar" title="Kaisar – minangkabu" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Kaisar" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hu%C3%B2ng-d%C3%A1%CC%A4" title="Huòng-dá̤ – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Huòng-dá̤" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amperador" title="Amperador – mirandyjski" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Amperador" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="mirandyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D1%8C" title="Императорсь – moksza" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Императорсь" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="moksza" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A7%E1%80%80%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AC%E1%80%87%E1%80%BA" title="ဧကရာဇ် – birmański" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဧကရာဇ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keizer" title="Keizer – niderlandzki" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Keizer" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="niderlandzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9A%87%E5%B8%9D" title="皇帝 – japoński" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="皇帝" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keiser" title="Keiser – norweski (bokmål)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Keiser" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norweski (bokmål)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keisar" title="Keisar – norweski (nynorsk)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Keisar" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norweski (nynorsk)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empereus" title="Empereus – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Empereus" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emperaire" title="Emperaire – oksytański" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Emperaire" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksytański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperator" title="Imperator – uzbecki" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Imperator" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%DB%81%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%A7%DB%81" title="شہنشاہ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="شہنشاہ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaiser" title="Kaiser – dolnoniemiecki" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Kaiser" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="dolnoniemiecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperador" title="Imperador – portugalski" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Imperador" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Emp%C4%83rat" title="Împărat – rumuński" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Împărat" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumuński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Император – rusiński" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Император" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="rusiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Император – rosyjski" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Император" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rosyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/hungti" title="hungti – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="hungti" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emperor" title="Emperor – scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Emperor" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perandori" title="Perandori – albański" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Perandori" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mpiraturi" title="Mpiraturi – sycylijski" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Mpiraturi" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sycylijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emperor" title="Emperor – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Emperor" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%87%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%A7%DA%BE" title="شهنشاھ – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="شهنشاھ" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cis%C3%A1r" title="Cisár – słowacki" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Cisár" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="słowacki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperator" title="Imperator – słoweński" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Imperator" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="słoweński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%86%D8%B1" title="ئیمپراتۆر – sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئیمپراتۆر" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Император – serbski" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Император" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperator" title="Imperator – serbsko-chorwacki" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Imperator" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbsko-chorwacki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keisari" title="Keisari – fiński" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Keisari" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="fiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kejsare" title="Kejsare – szwedzki" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kejsare" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="szwedzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emperador" title="Emperador – tagalski" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Emperador" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4" title="จักรพรรดิ – tajski" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="จักรพรรดิ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Император – tadżycki" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Император" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadżycki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%A4%E1%8E%AC%E1%8F%AB%E1%8F%B3%E1%8E%AF_%E1%8E%A1%E1%8F%86" title="ᎤᎬᏫᏳᎯ ᎡᏆ – czirokeski" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎤᎬᏫᏳᎯ ᎡᏆ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="czirokeski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0mparator" title="İmparator – turecki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İmparator" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Імператор – ukraiński" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Імператор" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukraiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%DB%81%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%A7%DB%81" title="شہنشاہ – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="شہنشاہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inperador" title="Inperador – wenecki" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Inperador" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="wenecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ho%C3%A0ng_%C4%91%E1%BA%BF" title="Hoàng đế – wietnamski" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Hoàng đế" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="wietnamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impreur" title="Impreur – waloński" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Impreur" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="waloński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9A%87%E5%B8%9D" title="皇帝 – chiński klasyczny" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="皇帝" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="chiński klasyczny" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9A%87%E5%B8%9D" title="皇帝 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="皇帝" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9A%87%E5%B8%9D" title="皇帝 – kantoński" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="皇帝" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0mperatori%C3%A7a" title="İmperatoriça – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="İmperatoriça" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9A%87%E5%B8%9D" title="皇帝 – chiński" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="皇帝" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q39018#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edytuj linki pomiędzy wersjami językowymi" class="wbc-editpage">Edytuj linki</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Przestrzenie nazw"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Cesarz" title="Zobacz stronę treści [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artykuł</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Dyskusja:Cesarz" rel="discussion" title="Dyskusja o zawartości tej strony [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Dyskusja</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Zmień wariant języka" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">polski</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Widok"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Cesarz"><span>Czytaj</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cesarz&veaction=edit" title="Edytuj tę stronę [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Edytuj</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cesarz&action=edit" title="Edycja kodu źródłowego strony [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edytuj kod źródłowy</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cesarz&action=history" title="Starsze wersje tej strony [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Wyświetl historię</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Narzędzia dla stron"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Narzędzia" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Narzędzia</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Narzędzia</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">przypnij</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">ukryj</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Więcej opcji" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Działania </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Cesarz"><span>Czytaj</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cesarz&veaction=edit" title="Edytuj tę stronę [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Edytuj</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cesarz&action=edit" title="Edycja kodu źródłowego strony [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edytuj kod źródłowy</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cesarz&action=history"><span>Wyświetl historię</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ogólne </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Linkuj%C4%85ce/Cesarz" title="Pokaż listę wszystkich stron linkujących do tej strony [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Linkujące</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Zmiany_w_linkowanych/Cesarz" rel="nofollow" title="Ostatnie zmiany w stronach, do których ta strona linkuje [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Zmiany w linkowanych</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Prześlij_plik" title="Prześlij pliki [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Prześlij plik</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Strony_specjalne" title="Lista wszystkich stron specjalnych [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Strony specjalne</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cesarz&oldid=74780876" title="Stały link do tej wersji tej strony"><span>Link do tej wersji</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cesarz&action=info" title="Więcej informacji na temat tej strony"><span>Informacje o tej stronie</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Cytuj&page=Cesarz&id=74780876&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informacja o tym jak należy cytować tę stronę"><span>Cytowanie tego artykułu</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Skr%C3%B3%C4%87_adres_URL&url=https%3A%2F%2Fpl.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FCesarz"><span>Zobacz skrócony adres URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Kod_QR&url=https%3A%2F%2Fpl.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FCesarz"><span>Pobierz kod QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Drukuj lub eksportuj </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCka&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Cesarz"><span>Utwórz książkę</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:DownloadAsPdf&page=Cesarz&action=show-download-screen"><span>Pobierz jako PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cesarz&printable=yes" title="Wersja do wydruku [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Wersja do druku</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> W innych projektach </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Emperor" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikiquote mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikiquote.org/wiki/Cesarz_(monarcha)" hreflang="pl"><span>Wikicytaty</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q39018" title="Link do powiązanego elementu w repozytorium danych [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Element Wikidanych</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Narzędzia dla stron"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Wygląd"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Wygląd</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">przypnij</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ukryj</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Z Wikipedii, wolnej encyklopedii</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="pl" dir="ltr"><div class="noprint noexcerpt disambig navigation-not-searchable" style="line-height:1.5em; padding: 3px 6px; background-color: var(--background-color-interactive-subtle, #f8f9fa); color: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-color-subtle, #c8ccd1); font-size: 95%; margin-bottom: 1em; display: flex; gap: 4px; align-items: center;"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Strona_ujednoznaczniaj%C4%85ca" title="Inne znaczenia"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Disambig.svg/25px-Disambig.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Disambig.svg/38px-Disambig.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Disambig.svg/50px-Disambig.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="183" /></a></span><span>Zobacz też: <a href="/wiki/Cesarz_(ujednoznacznienie)" class="mw-disambig" title="Cesarz (ujednoznacznienie)">inne znaczenia</a>.</span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Statue-Augustus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Statue-Augustus.jpg/170px-Statue-Augustus.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Statue-Augustus.jpg/255px-Statue-Augustus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Statue-Augustus.jpg/340px-Statue-Augustus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="2250" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Oktawian_August" title="Oktawian August">Oktawian August</a> – pierwszy <a href="/wiki/Cesarze_rzymscy" title="Cesarze rzymscy">cesarz rzymski</a> (<a href="/wiki/27_p.n.e." title="27 p.n.e.">27 p.n.e.</a>-14)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Charlemagne-by-Durer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Charlemagne-by-Durer.jpg/170px-Charlemagne-by-Durer.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="350" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Charlemagne-by-Durer.jpg/255px-Charlemagne-by-Durer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Charlemagne-by-Durer.jpg/340px-Charlemagne-by-Durer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="432" data-file-height="889" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Karol_Wielki" title="Karol Wielki">Karol Wielki</a> – pierwszy <a href="/wiki/Cesarz_rzymski_(%C5%9Awi%C4%99te_Cesarstwo_Rzymskie)" title="Cesarz rzymski (Święte Cesarstwo Rzymskie)">cesarz rzymski</a> (800-814)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Francis_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor_by_Friedrich_von_Amerling_003.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Francis_II%2C_Holy_Roman_Emperor_by_Friedrich_von_Amerling_003.jpg/170px-Francis_II%2C_Holy_Roman_Emperor_by_Friedrich_von_Amerling_003.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="247" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Francis_II%2C_Holy_Roman_Emperor_by_Friedrich_von_Amerling_003.jpg/255px-Francis_II%2C_Holy_Roman_Emperor_by_Friedrich_von_Amerling_003.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Francis_II%2C_Holy_Roman_Emperor_by_Friedrich_von_Amerling_003.jpg/340px-Francis_II%2C_Holy_Roman_Emperor_by_Friedrich_von_Amerling_003.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1409" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Franciszek_II_Habsburg" title="Franciszek II Habsburg">Franciszek II Habsburg</a> – jedyny w historii tzw. „dwucesarz”: <a href="/wiki/Cesarz_rzymski_(%C5%9Awi%C4%99te_Cesarstwo_Rzymskie)" title="Cesarz rzymski (Święte Cesarstwo Rzymskie)">rzymski</a> i <a href="/wiki/Cesarstwo_Austrii" title="Cesarstwo Austrii">austriacki</a> (1804-1806)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Ingres,_Napoleon_on_his_Imperial_throne.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Ingres%2C_Napoleon_on_his_Imperial_throne.jpg/170px-Ingres%2C_Napoleon_on_his_Imperial_throne.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="279" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Ingres%2C_Napoleon_on_his_Imperial_throne.jpg/255px-Ingres%2C_Napoleon_on_his_Imperial_throne.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Ingres%2C_Napoleon_on_his_Imperial_throne.jpg/340px-Ingres%2C_Napoleon_on_his_Imperial_throne.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2047" data-file-height="3364" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Napoleon_Bonaparte" title="Napoleon Bonaparte">Napoleon Bonaparte</a> – cesarz Francuzów (1804-1815)</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Cesarz</b> (od <a href="/wiki/%C5%81acina" title="Łacina">łac.</a> <em lang="la">Caesar</em>) – <a href="/wiki/Monarcha" title="Monarcha">monarcha</a>, któremu przypisuje się <a href="https://pl.wiktionary.org/wiki/ranga" class="extiw" title="wikt:ranga">rangę</a> i <a href="https://pl.wiktionary.org/wiki/honor" class="extiw" title="wikt:honor">honor</a> wyższe od <a href="/wiki/Kr%C3%B3l" title="Król">króla</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pochodzenie_tytułu"><span id="Pochodzenie_tytu.C5.82u"></span>Pochodzenie tytułu</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cesarz&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Edytuj sekcję: Pochodzenie tytułu" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cesarz&action=edit&section=1" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Pochodzenie tytułu"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Termin „cesarz” pochodzi od przydomka (ostatniego członu nazwiska) <a href="/wiki/Dyktator_(staro%C5%BCytny_Rzym)" title="Dyktator (starożytny Rzym)">dyktatora</a> Republiki Rzymskiej <a href="/wiki/Gajusz_Juliusz_Cezar" title="Gajusz Juliusz Cezar">Gajusza Juliusza Cezara</a>. Pierwszym władcą, którego uznaje się za cesarza, jest <a href="/wiki/Oktawian_August" title="Oktawian August">Oktawian August</a>, który używał tytułów: <a href="/wiki/Imperator" title="Imperator">imperator</a> (co znaczy <i>wódz</i>, <i>zwierzchnik armii</i>) i <a href="/wiki/August_(tytu%C5%82)" title="August (tytuł)">august</a> („obdarzony autorytetem przez bogów w drodze <a href="/wiki/Auspicjum" title="Auspicjum">auspicjów</a>”, „święty”). </p><p>Wbrew obiegowym opiniom termin <i>Cezar</i>, używany przez Oktawiana Augusta nie stanowił nazwy godności, ale funkcjonował jako nazwisko rodowe, co było spowodowane faktem, iż jako adoptowany syn Juliusza Cezara odziedziczył jego nazwisko (przed adopcją nazywał się Gajusz Oktawiusz, po adopcji – Gajusz Juliusz Cezar Oktawianus). Nazwisko to naturalną koleją rzeczy dziedziczyli potomkowie Augusta, czyli kolejni władcy z dynastii julijsko-klaudyjskiej. Linia ta wygasła na <a href="/wiki/Neron" title="Neron">Neronie</a>, jednak do tej pory nazwisko <i>Cezar</i> tak zrosło się już z tronem imperium, że kolejny władca przyjął je niejako automatycznie. </p><p>Określenia cesarza w językach europejskich pochodzą albo od łacińskiego <i>imperator</i>: wł. <i>imperatore</i>, hiszp. <i>emperador</i>, port. <i>imperador</i>, franc. <i>empereur</i> i ang. <i>emperor</i>, zapożyczone z francuskiego, albo od greckiej transliteracji słowa <i>Caesar</i>, czyli <i>Kaisar</i>: niem. <i>Kaiser</i>, holenderskie <i>keizer</i>, szwed. <i>kejsar</i>, tureckie <i>kaiser</i>, węg. <i>császára</i> oraz wschodniosłowiańskie <i>car</i>. <a href="/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_polski" title="Język polski">Język polski</a> rozróżnia słowa <i><a href="/wiki/Car" title="Car">car</a></i>, <i>cesarz</i> i <i><a href="/wiki/Imperator" title="Imperator">imperator</a></i>, natomiast <a href="/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_rosyjski" title="Język rosyjski">język rosyjski</a> słowa <i>car</i> (<i>царь</i>) i <i>imperator</i> (<i>император</i>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historia_tytułu"><span id="Historia_tytu.C5.82u"></span>Historia tytułu</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cesarz&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Edytuj sekcję: Historia tytułu" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cesarz&action=edit&section=2" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Historia tytułu"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Upadłe w 476 zachodnie <a href="/wiki/Cesarstwo_Rzymskie" title="Cesarstwo Rzymskie">Cesarstwo Rzymskie</a> starali się odnawiać różni władcy germańscy. Trwałą władzę cesarską nad znaczną częścią dawnego imperium rozciągnął król Franków <a href="/wiki/Karol_Wielki" title="Karol Wielki">Karol Wielki</a>, a po wymarciu Karolingów król niemiecki <a href="/wiki/Otton_I_Wielki" title="Otton I Wielki">Otton I</a>. W dużym stopniu na podstawie dokumentu zwanego <i><a href="/wiki/Donacja_Konstantyna" title="Donacja Konstantyna">donacją Konstantyna</a></i> (który uznaje się już za <a href="/wiki/Falsyfikat" title="Falsyfikat">falsyfikat</a>) <a href="/wiki/Papie%C5%BC" title="Papież">papiestwo</a> uzyskało jednak prawo do przyznawania tego tytułu na <a href="/wiki/Cywilizacja_zachodnia" title="Cywilizacja zachodnia">Zachodzie</a>. Skorzystano z tego koronując <a href="/wiki/Karol_Wielki" title="Karol Wielki">Karola Wielkiego</a> na cesarza rzymskiego w roku 800. Cesarstwo <a href="/wiki/Frankowie" title="Frankowie">Franków</a> co prawda szybko się rozpadło, ale jego powstanie pociągnęło za sobą utworzenie w X wieku <a href="/wiki/%C5%9Awi%C4%99te_Cesarstwo_Rzymskie" title="Święte Cesarstwo Rzymskie">Świętego Cesarstwa Rzymskiego</a>. Późniejsi cesarze zanegowali papieskie prawo do szafowania koroną cesarską. Cesarze bizantyjscy zniknęli razem z zagładą Cesarstwa Bizantyjskiego z ręki Turków w XV wieku, jednakże sułtanowie tureccy po zdobyciu Konstantynopola sami używali tytułu cesarza rzymskiego, czego nie uznawała chrześcijańska Europa. Z czasem tytułu cesarskiego zaczęli również używać władcy <a href="/wiki/Rosja" title="Rosja">Rosji</a>, którzy uważali się za dziedziców prawosławnego Bizancjum. W 1804 roku cesarzem koronował się <a href="/wiki/Napoleon_Bonaparte" title="Napoleon Bonaparte">Napoleon Bonaparte</a>, który symbolicznie odwoływał się do tradycji karolińskiej, z uwagi na co doprowadził do rozwiązania Świętego Cesarstwa Rzymskiego przez <a href="/wiki/Franciszek_II_Habsburg" title="Franciszek II Habsburg">Franciszka II</a>. Ten zaś, domyślając się rychłego końca Rzeszy Niemieckiej, w 1804 roku przyjął tytuł cesarza Austrii jako władcy krajów austriackich, Czech i Węgier. Najwięcej cesarstw, cztery, było w Europie od roku 1804 do 1806 (rosyjskie, austriackie, francuskie i Święte Cesarstwo Rzymskie). W 1871 roku król pruski Wilhelm I został ogłoszony cesarzem niemieckim po zwycięstwach nad Austrią i Francją. Cesarstwa zniknęły z Europy w wyniku <a href="/wiki/I_wojna_%C5%9Bwiatowa" title="I wojna światowa">I wojny światowej</a>. Obecnie jedynym państwem na świecie, którego głową jest cesarz, jest <a href="/wiki/Cesarze_Japonii" title="Cesarze Japonii">Japonia</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></sup>. </p><p><b>Kraje, których władców nazywano cesarzami:</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chiny" class="mw-redirect" title="Chiny">Chiny</a> (od <a href="/wiki/221_p.n.e." title="221 p.n.e.">221 p.n.e.</a> do 1911 oraz w latach 1915–1916, za panowania <a href="/wiki/Yuan_Shikai" title="Yuan Shikai">Yuana Shikai</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cesarstwo_Etiopii" title="Cesarstwo Etiopii">Etiopia</a> (1137– 1975) – właściwie tytuł brzmiał <i><a href="/wiki/Kr%C3%B3l_kr%C3%B3l%C3%B3w" title="Król królów">król królów</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cesarstwo_Wielkiej_Japonii" title="Cesarstwo Wielkiej Japonii">Japonia</a> (jedyne obecnie istniejące cesarstwo)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cesarstwo_Rzymskie" title="Cesarstwo Rzymskie">Rzym</a> (od <a href="/wiki/27_p.n.e." title="27 p.n.e.">27 p.n.e.</a> do 476) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cesarstwo_Bizanty%C5%84skie" title="Cesarstwo Bizantyńskie">Bizancjum</a> (od 395 do 1453) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cesarstwo_%C5%81aci%C5%84skie" title="Cesarstwo Łacińskie">Cesarstwo Łacińskie</a> (1204–1261)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cesarstwo_Nicejskie" title="Cesarstwo Nicejskie">Cesarstwo Nicejskie</a> (1204–1261)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cesarstwo_Trapezuntu" title="Cesarstwo Trapezuntu">Cesarstwo Trapezuntu</a> (1204–1461)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperium_Karoli%C5%84skie" title="Imperium Karolińskie">Imperium Karolińskie</a> (800–888)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Awi%C4%99te_Cesarstwo_Rzymskie" title="Święte Cesarstwo Rzymskie">Święte Cesarstwo Rzymskie</a> (od 962 do 1806)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperium_Rosyjskie" title="Imperium Rosyjskie">Rosja</a> (od 1721 do 1917)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cesarstwo_Wietnamu" title="Cesarstwo Wietnamu">Wietnam</a> (od 1802 do 1945) – od 1884 cesarstwo wietnamskie było <a href="/wiki/Indochiny_Francuskie" title="Indochiny Francuskie">kolonią Republiki Francuskiej</a>, w 1945 roku przez krótki czas istniało zależne od Japonii <a href="/wiki/Cesarstwo_Wietnamu" title="Cesarstwo Wietnamu">Cesarstwo Wietnamu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cesarstwo_Francuskie" class="mw-disambig" title="Cesarstwo Francuskie">Francja</a> (<a href="/wiki/Napoleon_Bonaparte" title="Napoleon Bonaparte">Napoleon I</a>, 1804–1815 i <a href="/wiki/Napoleon_III_Bonaparte" title="Napoleon III Bonaparte">Napoleon III</a>, 1852–1870)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cesarstwo_Haiti_(1804%E2%80%931806)" title="Cesarstwo Haiti (1804–1806)">Haiti</a> (w latach 1804–1806 i 1849–1859)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cesarstwo_Austrii" title="Cesarstwo Austrii">Cesarstwo Austrii</a> (od 1804 do 1918)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cesarstwo_Brazylii" title="Cesarstwo Brazylii">Brazylia</a> (Piotr I, 1822–1831 i Piotr II, 1831–1889)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cesarstwo_Niemieckie" title="Cesarstwo Niemieckie">Niemcy</a> (od 1871 do 1918)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cesarstwo_Meksyku_(1821%E2%80%931823)" title="Cesarstwo Meksyku (1821–1823)">Meksyk</a> (<a href="/wiki/Augustyn_I" title="Augustyn I">Augustyn I</a>, 1822–1823 i <a href="/wiki/Maksymilian_I_(cesarz_Meksyku)" title="Maksymilian I (cesarz Meksyku)">Maksymilian Habsburg</a> 1864–1867)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indie_Brytyjskie" title="Indie Brytyjskie">Indie</a> (za panowania <a href="/wiki/Pa%C5%84stwo_Wielkich_Mogo%C5%82%C3%B3w" title="Państwo Wielkich Mogołów">mogolskiego</a> (1526–1857) i brytyjskiego (1876–1947), cesarzami Indii byli wówczas królowie <a href="/wiki/Wielka_Brytania" title="Wielka Brytania">Wielkiej Brytanii</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cesarstwo_Korea%C5%84skie" title="Cesarstwo Koreańskie">Cesarstwo Koreańskie</a> (1897–1910)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mand%C5%BCukuo" title="Mandżukuo">Mandżukuo</a> (1934–1945) – <a href="/wiki/Protektorat" title="Protektorat">protektorat</a> Japonii i jej <a href="/wiki/Pa%C5%84stwo_marionetkowe" title="Państwo marionetkowe">państwo marionetkowe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cesarstwo_%C5%9Arodkowoafryka%C5%84skie" title="Cesarstwo Środkowoafrykańskie">Cesarstwo Środkowoafrykańskie</a> (1976–1979).</li></ul> <p><b>Cesarzami określa się tradycyjnie:</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Imperium_mongolskie" title="Imperium mongolskie">wielkich chanów mongolskich</a>,</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Szach_(w%C5%82adca)" title="Szach (władca)">szachów</a> <a href="/wiki/Cesarstwo_Iranu" title="Cesarstwo Iranu">Persji</a> (od 1934 <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iranu</a>) (a zwłaszcza szachów z <a href="/wiki/Dynastia_Pahlawi" class="mw-redirect" title="Dynastia Pahlawi">dynastii Pahlawich</a> panujących od 1925 roku) – <a href="/wiki/W%C5%82adcy_Persji" title="Władcy Persji">władcy perscy</a> używali od starożytności tytułów „<a href="/wiki/Kr%C3%B3l_kr%C3%B3l%C3%B3w" title="Król królów">króla królów</a>” (<i>szachinszach</i>) lub „pana królów” (<i><a href="/wiki/Padyszach" title="Padyszach">padyszach</a></i>),</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Su%C5%82tan" title="Sułtan">sułtanów</a> <a href="/wiki/Imperium_Osma%C5%84skie" title="Imperium Osmańskie">Imperium Osmańskiego</a> (XIV wiek-1922). Władcy mogolscy w Indiach i osmańscy na Bliskim Wschodzie także, wzorem szachów Iranu, używali tytułu padyszacha.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cesarze_panujący_w_XX_i_XXI_wieku"><span id="Cesarze_panuj.C4.85cy_w_XX_i_XXI_wieku"></span>Cesarze panujący w XX i XXI wieku</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cesarz&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Edytuj sekcję: Cesarze panujący w XX i XXI wieku" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cesarz&action=edit&section=3" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Cesarze panujący w XX i XXI wieku"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lista obejmuje monarchów z tytułem cesarza panujących w zakresie lat od 1901 </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Portret</th> <th>Imię</th> <th>Państwo/kraj </th> <th>Dynastia</th> <th>Lata panowania </th></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Queen_Victoria_by_Bassano.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Queen_Victoria_by_Bassano.jpg/80px-Queen_Victoria_by_Bassano.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Queen_Victoria_by_Bassano.jpg/120px-Queen_Victoria_by_Bassano.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Queen_Victoria_by_Bassano.jpg/160px-Queen_Victoria_by_Bassano.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2729" data-file-height="3851" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wiktoria_Hanowerska" class="mw-redirect" title="Wiktoria Hanowerska">Wiktoria</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg/22px-British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg/33px-British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg/44px-British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Indie_Brytyjskie" title="Indie Brytyjskie">Cesarstwo Indii</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Welfowie" title="Welfowie">Welfowie</a></td> <td>1876–1901 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Edward_VII_in_coronation_robes.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Edward_VII_in_coronation_robes.jpg/80px-Edward_VII_in_coronation_robes.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Edward_VII_in_coronation_robes.jpg/120px-Edward_VII_in_coronation_robes.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Edward_VII_in_coronation_robes.jpg/160px-Edward_VII_in_coronation_robes.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1936" data-file-height="2728" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Edward_VII" title="Edward VII">Edward VII</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg/22px-British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg/33px-British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg/44px-British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Indie_Brytyjskie" title="Indie Brytyjskie">Cesarstwo Indii</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Koburgowie" class="mw-redirect" title="Koburgowie">Koburgowie</a></td> <td>1901–1910 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Plik:George_V_of_the_united_Kingdom.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/George_V_of_the_united_Kingdom.jpg/80px-George_V_of_the_united_Kingdom.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/George_V_of_the_united_Kingdom.jpg/120px-George_V_of_the_united_Kingdom.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/George_V_of_the_united_Kingdom.jpg/160px-George_V_of_the_united_Kingdom.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1251" data-file-height="1759" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jerzy_V" title="Jerzy V">Jerzy V</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg/22px-British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg/33px-British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg/44px-British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Indie_Brytyjskie" title="Indie Brytyjskie">Cesarstwo Indii</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wettynowie" title="Wettynowie">Windsorowie</a></td> <td>1910–1936 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-13538,_Edward_Herzog_von_Windsor.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-13538%2C_Edward_Herzog_von_Windsor.jpg/80px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-13538%2C_Edward_Herzog_von_Windsor.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-13538%2C_Edward_Herzog_von_Windsor.jpg/120px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-13538%2C_Edward_Herzog_von_Windsor.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-13538%2C_Edward_Herzog_von_Windsor.jpg/160px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-13538%2C_Edward_Herzog_von_Windsor.jpg 2x" data-file-width="506" data-file-height="798" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Edward_VIII_Windsor" title="Edward VIII Windsor">Edward VIII</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg/22px-British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg/33px-British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg/44px-British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Indie_Brytyjskie" title="Indie Brytyjskie">Cesarstwo Indii</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wettynowie" title="Wettynowie">Windsorowie</a></td> <td>1936–1936 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Plik:King_George_VI_LOC_matpc.14736_(cleaned).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/King_George_VI_LOC_matpc.14736_%28cleaned%29.jpg/80px-King_George_VI_LOC_matpc.14736_%28cleaned%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/King_George_VI_LOC_matpc.14736_%28cleaned%29.jpg/120px-King_George_VI_LOC_matpc.14736_%28cleaned%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/King_George_VI_LOC_matpc.14736_%28cleaned%29.jpg/160px-King_George_VI_LOC_matpc.14736_%28cleaned%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3545" data-file-height="4862" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jerzy_VI_Windsor" class="mw-redirect" title="Jerzy VI Windsor">Jerzy VI</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg/22px-British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg/33px-British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg/44px-British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Indie_Brytyjskie" title="Indie Brytyjskie">Cesarstwo Indii</a> (do 1947) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wettynowie" title="Wettynowie">Windsorowie</a></td> <td>1936–1948<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Black_and_white_portrait_of_emperor_Meiji_of_Japan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Black_and_white_portrait_of_emperor_Meiji_of_Japan.jpg/80px-Black_and_white_portrait_of_emperor_Meiji_of_Japan.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Black_and_white_portrait_of_emperor_Meiji_of_Japan.jpg/120px-Black_and_white_portrait_of_emperor_Meiji_of_Japan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Black_and_white_portrait_of_emperor_Meiji_of_Japan.jpg/160px-Black_and_white_portrait_of_emperor_Meiji_of_Japan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1507" data-file-height="2048" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mutsuhito" title="Mutsuhito">Mutsuhito</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Cesarstwo_Wielkiej_Japonii" title="Cesarstwo Wielkiej Japonii">Japonia</a> </td> <td></td> <td>1867–1912 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Emperor_Taisho_of_Japan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Emperor_Taisho_of_Japan.jpg/80px-Emperor_Taisho_of_Japan.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Emperor_Taisho_of_Japan.jpg/120px-Emperor_Taisho_of_Japan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Emperor_Taisho_of_Japan.jpg/160px-Emperor_Taisho_of_Japan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="751" data-file-height="936" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yoshihito" title="Yoshihito">Yoshihito</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Cesarstwo_Wielkiej_Japonii" title="Cesarstwo Wielkiej Japonii">Japonia</a> </td> <td></td> <td>1912–1926 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Hirohito_in_dress_uniform.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Hirohito_in_dress_uniform.jpg/80px-Hirohito_in_dress_uniform.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Hirohito_in_dress_uniform.jpg/120px-Hirohito_in_dress_uniform.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Hirohito_in_dress_uniform.jpg/160px-Hirohito_in_dress_uniform.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1088" data-file-height="1516" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hirohito" title="Hirohito">Hirohito</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/33px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/44px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Japonia" title="Japonia">Japonia</a> </td> <td></td> <td>1926–1989 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Emperor_Akihito_cropped_Emperor_Akihito_and_Gene_Castagnetti_20090715.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Emperor_Akihito_cropped_Emperor_Akihito_and_Gene_Castagnetti_20090715.jpg/90px-Emperor_Akihito_cropped_Emperor_Akihito_and_Gene_Castagnetti_20090715.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Emperor_Akihito_cropped_Emperor_Akihito_and_Gene_Castagnetti_20090715.jpg/135px-Emperor_Akihito_cropped_Emperor_Akihito_and_Gene_Castagnetti_20090715.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Emperor_Akihito_cropped_Emperor_Akihito_and_Gene_Castagnetti_20090715.jpg/180px-Emperor_Akihito_cropped_Emperor_Akihito_and_Gene_Castagnetti_20090715.jpg 2x" data-file-width="783" data-file-height="888" /></a></span></td> <td><i><b><a href="/wiki/Akihito_(cesarz)" title="Akihito (cesarz)">Akihito</a></b></i></td> <td><i><b><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/33px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/44px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Japonia" title="Japonia">Japonia</a></b></i> </td> <td></td> <td>1989–2019<sup id="cite_ref-Obecnie_żyjący_były_cesarz_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Obecnie_żyjący_były_cesarz-3">[3]</a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Crown_Prince_Naruhito_(2018).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Crown_Prince_Naruhito_%282018%29.jpg/90px-Crown_Prince_Naruhito_%282018%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Crown_Prince_Naruhito_%282018%29.jpg/135px-Crown_Prince_Naruhito_%282018%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Crown_Prince_Naruhito_%282018%29.jpg/180px-Crown_Prince_Naruhito_%282018%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="687" data-file-height="938" /></a></span></td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Naruhito" title="Naruhito">Naruhito</a><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></sup></b></td> <td><b><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/33px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/44px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Japonia" title="Japonia">Japonia</a></b> </td> <td></td> <td>2019- </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-2004-0096,_Kaiser_Wilhelm_II..jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-2004-0096%2C_Kaiser_Wilhelm_II..jpg/90px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-2004-0096%2C_Kaiser_Wilhelm_II..jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-2004-0096%2C_Kaiser_Wilhelm_II..jpg/135px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-2004-0096%2C_Kaiser_Wilhelm_II..jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-2004-0096%2C_Kaiser_Wilhelm_II..jpg/180px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-2004-0096%2C_Kaiser_Wilhelm_II..jpg 2x" data-file-width="1033" data-file-height="1169" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_II_Hohenzollern" title="Wilhelm II Hohenzollern">Wilhelm II</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Cesarstwo_Niemieckie" title="Cesarstwo Niemieckie">Cesarstwo Niemieckie</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hohenzollernowie" title="Hohenzollernowie">Hohenzollernowie</a></td> <td>1888–1918 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Kaiser_franz.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Kaiser_franz.jpg/80px-Kaiser_franz.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Kaiser_franz.jpg/120px-Kaiser_franz.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Kaiser_franz.jpg/160px-Kaiser_franz.jpg 2x" data-file-width="345" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Franciszek_J%C3%B3zef_I" title="Franciszek Józef I">Franciszek Józef I</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Cesarstwo_Austrii" title="Cesarstwo Austrii">Cesarstwo Austrii</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dom_Habsbursko-Lotary%C5%84ski" title="Dom Habsbursko-Lotaryński">Habsbursko-Lotaryńska</a></td> <td>1848–1916 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Emperor_karl_of_austria-hungary_1917.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Emperor_karl_of_austria-hungary_1917.png/80px-Emperor_karl_of_austria-hungary_1917.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Emperor_karl_of_austria-hungary_1917.png/120px-Emperor_karl_of_austria-hungary_1917.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Emperor_karl_of_austria-hungary_1917.png/160px-Emperor_karl_of_austria-hungary_1917.png 2x" data-file-width="771" data-file-height="1090" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Karol_I_Habsburg" title="Karol I Habsburg">Karol I</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Cesarstwo_Austrii" title="Cesarstwo Austrii">Cesarstwo Austrii</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dom_Habsbursko-Lotary%C5%84ski" title="Dom Habsbursko-Lotaryński">Habsbursko-Lotaryńska</a></td> <td>1916–1918 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Nicholas_II_with_St_Vladimir_order.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Nicholas_II_with_St_Vladimir_order.jpg/80px-Nicholas_II_with_St_Vladimir_order.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Nicholas_II_with_St_Vladimir_order.jpg/120px-Nicholas_II_with_St_Vladimir_order.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Nicholas_II_with_St_Vladimir_order.jpg/160px-Nicholas_II_with_St_Vladimir_order.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1250" data-file-height="2250" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Miko%C5%82aj_II_Romanow" title="Mikołaj II Romanow">Mikołaj II</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Imperium_Rosyjskie" title="Imperium Rosyjskie">Imperium Rosyjskie</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Romanowowie" title="Romanowowie">Romanowie</a></td> <td>1894–1917 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%E3%80%8A%E8%BD%BD%E6%B9%89%E8%AF%BB%E4%B9%A6%E5%83%8F%E3%80%8B.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/%E3%80%8A%E8%BD%BD%E6%B9%89%E8%AF%BB%E4%B9%A6%E5%83%8F%E3%80%8B.jpg/80px-%E3%80%8A%E8%BD%BD%E6%B9%89%E8%AF%BB%E4%B9%A6%E5%83%8F%E3%80%8B.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/%E3%80%8A%E8%BD%BD%E6%B9%89%E8%AF%BB%E4%B9%A6%E5%83%8F%E3%80%8B.jpg/120px-%E3%80%8A%E8%BD%BD%E6%B9%89%E8%AF%BB%E4%B9%A6%E5%83%8F%E3%80%8B.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/%E3%80%8A%E8%BD%BD%E6%B9%89%E8%AF%BB%E4%B9%A6%E5%83%8F%E3%80%8B.jpg/160px-%E3%80%8A%E8%BD%BD%E6%B9%89%E8%AF%BB%E4%B9%A6%E5%83%8F%E3%80%8B.jpg 2x" data-file-width="999" data-file-height="1838" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Guangxu" title="Guangxu">Guangxu</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Flag_of_China_%281889%E2%80%931912%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_China_%281889%E2%80%931912%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Flag_of_China_%281889%E2%80%931912%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_China_%281889%E2%80%931912%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Flag_of_China_%281889%E2%80%931912%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_China_%281889%E2%80%931912%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Dynastia_Qing" title="Dynastia Qing">Chiny</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dynastia_Qing" title="Dynastia Qing">Qing</a></td> <td>1875–1908 </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Xuantong.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Xuantong.jpg/80px-Xuantong.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Xuantong.jpg/120px-Xuantong.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Xuantong.jpg/160px-Xuantong.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="869" /></a></span></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Puyi" title="Puyi">Puyi</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Flag_of_China_%281889%E2%80%931912%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_China_%281889%E2%80%931912%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Flag_of_China_%281889%E2%80%931912%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_China_%281889%E2%80%931912%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Flag_of_China_%281889%E2%80%931912%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_China_%281889%E2%80%931912%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Dynastia_Qing" title="Dynastia Qing">Chiny</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Dynastia_Qing" title="Dynastia Qing">Qing</a></td> <td>1908–1912<br />1917 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Manchukuo.svg/22px-Flag_of_Manchukuo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Manchukuo.svg/33px-Flag_of_Manchukuo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Manchukuo.svg/44px-Flag_of_Manchukuo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Mand%C5%BCukuo" title="Mandżukuo">Mandżukuo</a></td> <td>1934–1945 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Plik:YuanShikaiPresidente1915.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/YuanShikaiPresidente1915.jpg/80px-YuanShikaiPresidente1915.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/YuanShikaiPresidente1915.jpg/120px-YuanShikaiPresidente1915.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/YuanShikaiPresidente1915.jpg/160px-YuanShikaiPresidente1915.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2480" data-file-height="3296" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yuan_Shikai" title="Yuan Shikai">Hongxian</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_Empire_of_China_%281915%E2%80%931916%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Empire_of_China_%281915%E2%80%931916%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_Empire_of_China_%281915%E2%80%931916%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Empire_of_China_%281915%E2%80%931916%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_Empire_of_China_%281915%E2%80%931916%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Empire_of_China_%281915%E2%80%931916%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="625" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Cesarstwo_Chi%C5%84skie_(1915%E2%80%931916)" title="Cesarstwo Chińskie (1915–1916)">Chiny</a> </td> <td></td> <td>1915–1917 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Menelik_II.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Menelik_II.jpg/80px-Menelik_II.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Menelik_II.jpg/120px-Menelik_II.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Menelik_II.jpg/160px-Menelik_II.jpg 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="319" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Menelik_II" title="Menelik II">Menelik II</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Ethiopia_%281897%E2%80%931974%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Ethiopia_%281897%E2%80%931974%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Ethiopia_%281897%E2%80%931974%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Ethiopia_%281897%E2%80%931974%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Ethiopia_%281897%E2%80%931974%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Ethiopia_%281897%E2%80%931974%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Cesarstwo_Etiopii" title="Cesarstwo Etiopii">Abisynia</a> </td> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Dynastia_salomo%C5%84ska" title="Dynastia salomońska">salomońska</a></td> <td>1889–1913 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Lidj_Iyasu.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Lidj_Iyasu.jpg/80px-Lidj_Iyasu.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Lidj_Iyasu.jpg/120px-Lidj_Iyasu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Lidj_Iyasu.jpg/160px-Lidj_Iyasu.jpg 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="350" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lyd%C5%BC_Ijasu" title="Lydż Ijasu">Lij Yasu V</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Ethiopia_%281897%E2%80%931974%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Ethiopia_%281897%E2%80%931974%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Ethiopia_%281897%E2%80%931974%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Ethiopia_%281897%E2%80%931974%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Ethiopia_%281897%E2%80%931974%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Ethiopia_%281897%E2%80%931974%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Cesarstwo_Etiopii" title="Cesarstwo Etiopii">Abisynia</a></td> <td>1913–1916 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Ethiopia_empress_zauditu.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Ethiopia_empress_zauditu.jpg/80px-Ethiopia_empress_zauditu.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Ethiopia_empress_zauditu.jpg/120px-Ethiopia_empress_zauditu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Ethiopia_empress_zauditu.jpg/160px-Ethiopia_empress_zauditu.jpg 2x" data-file-width="195" data-file-height="286" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zeuditu" title="Zeuditu">Zauditu</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Ethiopia_%281897%E2%80%931974%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Ethiopia_%281897%E2%80%931974%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Ethiopia_%281897%E2%80%931974%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Ethiopia_%281897%E2%80%931974%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Ethiopia_%281897%E2%80%931974%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Ethiopia_%281897%E2%80%931974%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Cesarstwo_Etiopii" title="Cesarstwo Etiopii">Abisynia</a></td> <td>1916–1930 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Selassie-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Selassie-2.jpg/80px-Selassie-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Selassie-2.jpg/120px-Selassie-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Selassie-2.jpg/160px-Selassie-2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="221" data-file-height="302" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hajle_Syllasje_I" title="Hajle Syllasje I">Haile Selassie I</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Ethiopia_%281897%E2%80%931974%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Ethiopia_%281897%E2%80%931974%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Ethiopia_%281897%E2%80%931974%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Ethiopia_%281897%E2%80%931974%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Ethiopia_%281897%E2%80%931974%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Ethiopia_%281897%E2%80%931974%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Cesarstwo_Etiopii" title="Cesarstwo Etiopii">Abisynia</a></td> <td>1930–1935<br />1941–1974 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Victor_Emmanuel_III_of_Italy.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Victor_Emmanuel_III_of_Italy.jpg/80px-Victor_Emmanuel_III_of_Italy.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Victor_Emmanuel_III_of_Italy.jpg/120px-Victor_Emmanuel_III_of_Italy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Victor_Emmanuel_III_of_Italy.jpg/160px-Victor_Emmanuel_III_of_Italy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="367" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wiktor_Emanuel_III" title="Wiktor Emanuel III">Wiktor Emanuel III</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Scudo_Africa_Orientale_Italiana.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Scudo_Africa_Orientale_Italiana.svg/25px-Scudo_Africa_Orientale_Italiana.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Scudo_Africa_Orientale_Italiana.svg/38px-Scudo_Africa_Orientale_Italiana.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Scudo_Africa_Orientale_Italiana.svg/50px-Scudo_Africa_Orientale_Italiana.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="513" data-file-height="573" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/W%C5%82oska_Afryka_Wschodnia" title="Włoska Afryka Wschodnia">Abisynia (włoska)</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dynastia_sabaudzka" title="Dynastia sabaudzka">Sabaudzka</a></td> <td>1935–1941 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Mozaffar-ed-Din_Shah_Qajar_-_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Mozaffar-ed-Din_Shah_Qajar_-_1.jpg/79px-Mozaffar-ed-Din_Shah_Qajar_-_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="79" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Mozaffar-ed-Din_Shah_Qajar_-_1.jpg/119px-Mozaffar-ed-Din_Shah_Qajar_-_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Mozaffar-ed-Din_Shah_Qajar_-_1.jpg/159px-Mozaffar-ed-Din_Shah_Qajar_-_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="558" data-file-height="716" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mozaffar_ad-Din_Szah_Kad%C5%BCar" title="Mozaffar ad-Din Szah Kadżar">Mozaffar ad-Din Szah Kadżar</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/State_flag_of_Persia_%281907%E2%80%931933%29.svg/22px-State_flag_of_Persia_%281907%E2%80%931933%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/State_flag_of_Persia_%281907%E2%80%931933%29.svg/33px-State_flag_of_Persia_%281907%E2%80%931933%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/State_flag_of_Persia_%281907%E2%80%931933%29.svg/44px-State_flag_of_Persia_%281907%E2%80%931933%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kad%C5%BCarowie" title="Kadżarowie">Iran</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kad%C5%BCarowie" title="Kadżarowie">Kadżarowie</a> </td> <td>1886–1907 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%B9%D9%84%DB%8C_%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%87_%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%B9%D9%84%DB%8C_%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%87_%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B1.jpg/79px-%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%B9%D9%84%DB%8C_%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%87_%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B1.jpg" decoding="async" width="79" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%B9%D9%84%DB%8C_%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%87_%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B1.jpg/119px-%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%B9%D9%84%DB%8C_%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%87_%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%B9%D9%84%DB%8C_%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%87_%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B1.jpg/159px-%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%B9%D9%84%DB%8C_%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%87_%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="817" data-file-height="1152" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Ali_Szah_Kad%C5%BCar" title="Mohammad Ali Szah Kadżar">Mohammad Ali Szah Kadżar</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/State_flag_of_Persia_%281907%E2%80%931933%29.svg/22px-State_flag_of_Persia_%281907%E2%80%931933%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/State_flag_of_Persia_%281907%E2%80%931933%29.svg/33px-State_flag_of_Persia_%281907%E2%80%931933%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/State_flag_of_Persia_%281907%E2%80%931933%29.svg/44px-State_flag_of_Persia_%281907%E2%80%931933%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kad%C5%BCarowie" title="Kadżarowie">Iran</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kad%C5%BCarowie" title="Kadżarowie">Kadżarowie</a> </td> <td>1907–1909 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Plik:AhmadShahQajar2_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/AhmadShahQajar2_%28cropped%29.jpg/79px-AhmadShahQajar2_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="79" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/AhmadShahQajar2_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-AhmadShahQajar2_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/AhmadShahQajar2_%28cropped%29.jpg/159px-AhmadShahQajar2_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="302" data-file-height="391" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Szah_Kad%C5%BCar" title="Ahmad Szah Kadżar">Ahmad Szah Kadżar</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/State_flag_of_Persia_%281907%E2%80%931933%29.svg/22px-State_flag_of_Persia_%281907%E2%80%931933%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/State_flag_of_Persia_%281907%E2%80%931933%29.svg/33px-State_flag_of_Persia_%281907%E2%80%931933%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/State_flag_of_Persia_%281907%E2%80%931933%29.svg/44px-State_flag_of_Persia_%281907%E2%80%931933%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kad%C5%BCarowie" title="Kadżarowie">Iran</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kad%C5%BCarowie" title="Kadżarowie">Kadżarowie</a> </td> <td>1909–1925 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Reza_Shah_Pahlavi_Official_Portrait_-_Colorized_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Reza_Shah_Pahlavi_Official_Portrait_-_Colorized_2.jpg/80px-Reza_Shah_Pahlavi_Official_Portrait_-_Colorized_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Reza_Shah_Pahlavi_Official_Portrait_-_Colorized_2.jpg/120px-Reza_Shah_Pahlavi_Official_Portrait_-_Colorized_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Reza_Shah_Pahlavi_Official_Portrait_-_Colorized_2.jpg/160px-Reza_Shah_Pahlavi_Official_Portrait_-_Colorized_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1969" data-file-height="2762" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Reza_Szah_Pahlawi" title="Reza Szah Pahlawi">Reza Szah Pahlawi</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/State_flag_of_Iran_1964-1980.svg/22px-State_flag_of_Iran_1964-1980.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/State_flag_of_Iran_1964-1980.svg/33px-State_flag_of_Iran_1964-1980.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/State_flag_of_Iran_1964-1980.svg/44px-State_flag_of_Iran_1964-1980.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="293" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Dynastia_Pahlawi" class="mw-redirect" title="Dynastia Pahlawi">Iran</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dynastia_Pahlawi" class="mw-redirect" title="Dynastia Pahlawi">Pahlawi</a> </td> <td>1925–1941 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Shah_fullsize.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Shah_fullsize.jpg/89px-Shah_fullsize.jpg" decoding="async" width="89" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Shah_fullsize.jpg/133px-Shah_fullsize.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Shah_fullsize.jpg/177px-Shah_fullsize.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5788" data-file-height="7314" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Reza_Pahlawi" title="Mohammad Reza Pahlawi">Mohammad Reza Pahlawi</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/State_flag_of_Iran_1964-1980.svg/22px-State_flag_of_Iran_1964-1980.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/State_flag_of_Iran_1964-1980.svg/33px-State_flag_of_Iran_1964-1980.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/State_flag_of_Iran_1964-1980.svg/44px-State_flag_of_Iran_1964-1980.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="293" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Dynastia_Pahlawi" class="mw-redirect" title="Dynastia Pahlawi">Iran</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dynastia_Pahlawi" class="mw-redirect" title="Dynastia Pahlawi">Pahlawi</a> </td> <td>1941–1979 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Bokassa_colored.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Bokassa_colored.png/80px-Bokassa_colored.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Bokassa_colored.png/120px-Bokassa_colored.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Bokassa_colored.png/160px-Bokassa_colored.png 2x" data-file-width="540" data-file-height="790" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jean-B%C3%A9del_Bokassa" title="Jean-Bédel Bokassa">Bokassa I</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Imperial_Standard_of_Bokassa_I_%281976%E2%80%931979%29.svg/22px-Imperial_Standard_of_Bokassa_I_%281976%E2%80%931979%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Imperial_Standard_of_Bokassa_I_%281976%E2%80%931979%29.svg/33px-Imperial_Standard_of_Bokassa_I_%281976%E2%80%931979%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Imperial_Standard_of_Bokassa_I_%281976%E2%80%931979%29.svg/44px-Imperial_Standard_of_Bokassa_I_%281976%E2%80%931979%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Cesarstwo_%C5%9Arodkowoafryka%C5%84skie" title="Cesarstwo Środkowoafrykańskie">Cesarstwo Środkowoafrykańskie</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dynastia_Bokassa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dynastia Bokassa (strona nie istnieje)">Bokassa</a></td> <td>1976–1979 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Annam_-_Hu%C3%A9_-_Empereur_d%27Annam_en_Costume_de_Ville_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Annam_-_Hu%C3%A9_-_Empereur_d%27Annam_en_Costume_de_Ville_%281%29.jpg/80px-Annam_-_Hu%C3%A9_-_Empereur_d%27Annam_en_Costume_de_Ville_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Annam_-_Hu%C3%A9_-_Empereur_d%27Annam_en_Costume_de_Ville_%281%29.jpg/120px-Annam_-_Hu%C3%A9_-_Empereur_d%27Annam_en_Costume_de_Ville_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Annam_-_Hu%C3%A9_-_Empereur_d%27Annam_en_Costume_de_Ville_%281%29.jpg/160px-Annam_-_Hu%C3%A9_-_Empereur_d%27Annam_en_Costume_de_Ville_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="726" data-file-height="1111" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Th%C3%A0nh_Th%C3%A1i&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thành Thái (strona nie istnieje)">Thành Thái</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Standard_of_the_Nguyen_Dynasty_%281890_-_1920%29.svg/22px-Standard_of_the_Nguyen_Dynasty_%281890_-_1920%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Standard_of_the_Nguyen_Dynasty_%281890_-_1920%29.svg/33px-Standard_of_the_Nguyen_Dynasty_%281890_-_1920%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Standard_of_the_Nguyen_Dynasty_%281890_-_1920%29.svg/44px-Standard_of_the_Nguyen_Dynasty_%281890_-_1920%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Dynastia_Nguy%E1%BB%85n" title="Dynastia Nguyễn">Wietnam</a> </td> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Dynastia_Nguy%E1%BB%85n" title="Dynastia Nguyễn">Nguyễn</a></td> <td>1889–1907 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Vua_Duy_Tan_nho.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Vua_Duy_Tan_nho.jpg/80px-Vua_Duy_Tan_nho.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Vua_Duy_Tan_nho.jpg/120px-Vua_Duy_Tan_nho.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Vua_Duy_Tan_nho.jpg/160px-Vua_Duy_Tan_nho.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3138" data-file-height="4866" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duy_T%C3%A2n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Duy Tân (strona nie istnieje)">Duy Tân</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Long_tinh_flag.svg/22px-Long_tinh_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Long_tinh_flag.svg/33px-Long_tinh_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Long_tinh_flag.svg/44px-Long_tinh_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Cesarstwo_Wietnamu" title="Cesarstwo Wietnamu">Wietnam</a></td> <td>1907–1916 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97%E9%98%AE%E6%9C%9D%E5%BC%98%E5%AE%97%E5%AE%A3%E7%9A%87%E5%B8%9D%E9%98%AE%E7%A6%8F%E6%99%99%EF%BC%88%E5%90%AF%E5%AE%9A1916%E5%B9%B4%E2%80%941925%E5%B9%B4%EF%BC%8931%E5%B2%81%E7%99%BB%E5%9F%BA%E6%97%B6%E7%9A%84%E5%86%95%E6%9C%8D%E7%85%A7%E7%89%87%EF%BC%881916%E5%B9%B4%EF%BC%89.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97%E9%98%AE%E6%9C%9D%E5%BC%98%E5%AE%97%E5%AE%A3%E7%9A%87%E5%B8%9D%E9%98%AE%E7%A6%8F%E6%99%99%EF%BC%88%E5%90%AF%E5%AE%9A1916%E5%B9%B4%E2%80%941925%E5%B9%B4%EF%BC%8931%E5%B2%81%E7%99%BB%E5%9F%BA%E6%97%B6%E7%9A%84%E5%86%95%E6%9C%8D%E7%85%A7%E7%89%87%EF%BC%881916%E5%B9%B4%EF%BC%89.jpg/80px-%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97%E9%98%AE%E6%9C%9D%E5%BC%98%E5%AE%97%E5%AE%A3%E7%9A%87%E5%B8%9D%E9%98%AE%E7%A6%8F%E6%99%99%EF%BC%88%E5%90%AF%E5%AE%9A1916%E5%B9%B4%E2%80%941925%E5%B9%B4%EF%BC%8931%E5%B2%81%E7%99%BB%E5%9F%BA%E6%97%B6%E7%9A%84%E5%86%95%E6%9C%8D%E7%85%A7%E7%89%87%EF%BC%881916%E5%B9%B4%EF%BC%89.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97%E9%98%AE%E6%9C%9D%E5%BC%98%E5%AE%97%E5%AE%A3%E7%9A%87%E5%B8%9D%E9%98%AE%E7%A6%8F%E6%99%99%EF%BC%88%E5%90%AF%E5%AE%9A1916%E5%B9%B4%E2%80%941925%E5%B9%B4%EF%BC%8931%E5%B2%81%E7%99%BB%E5%9F%BA%E6%97%B6%E7%9A%84%E5%86%95%E6%9C%8D%E7%85%A7%E7%89%87%EF%BC%881916%E5%B9%B4%EF%BC%89.jpg/120px-%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97%E9%98%AE%E6%9C%9D%E5%BC%98%E5%AE%97%E5%AE%A3%E7%9A%87%E5%B8%9D%E9%98%AE%E7%A6%8F%E6%99%99%EF%BC%88%E5%90%AF%E5%AE%9A1916%E5%B9%B4%E2%80%941925%E5%B9%B4%EF%BC%8931%E5%B2%81%E7%99%BB%E5%9F%BA%E6%97%B6%E7%9A%84%E5%86%95%E6%9C%8D%E7%85%A7%E7%89%87%EF%BC%881916%E5%B9%B4%EF%BC%89.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97%E9%98%AE%E6%9C%9D%E5%BC%98%E5%AE%97%E5%AE%A3%E7%9A%87%E5%B8%9D%E9%98%AE%E7%A6%8F%E6%99%99%EF%BC%88%E5%90%AF%E5%AE%9A1916%E5%B9%B4%E2%80%941925%E5%B9%B4%EF%BC%8931%E5%B2%81%E7%99%BB%E5%9F%BA%E6%97%B6%E7%9A%84%E5%86%95%E6%9C%8D%E7%85%A7%E7%89%87%EF%BC%881916%E5%B9%B4%EF%BC%89.jpg/160px-%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97%E9%98%AE%E6%9C%9D%E5%BC%98%E5%AE%97%E5%AE%A3%E7%9A%87%E5%B8%9D%E9%98%AE%E7%A6%8F%E6%99%99%EF%BC%88%E5%90%AF%E5%AE%9A1916%E5%B9%B4%E2%80%941925%E5%B9%B4%EF%BC%8931%E5%B2%81%E7%99%BB%E5%9F%BA%E6%97%B6%E7%9A%84%E5%86%95%E6%9C%8D%E7%85%A7%E7%89%87%EF%BC%881916%E5%B9%B4%EF%BC%89.jpg 2x" data-file-width="732" data-file-height="1017" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kh%E1%BA%A3i_%C4%90%E1%BB%8Bnh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Khải Định (strona nie istnieje)">Khải Định</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Long_tinh_flag.svg/22px-Long_tinh_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Long_tinh_flag.svg/33px-Long_tinh_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Long_tinh_flag.svg/44px-Long_tinh_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Cesarstwo_Wietnamu" title="Cesarstwo Wietnamu">Wietnam</a></td> <td>1916–1925 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Bao_Dai_1953.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Bao_Dai_1953.jpg/80px-Bao_Dai_1953.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Bao_Dai_1953.jpg/120px-Bao_Dai_1953.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/04/Bao_Dai_1953.jpg 2x" data-file-width="136" data-file-height="184" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/B%E1%BA%A3o_%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i" title="Bảo Đại">Bảo Đại</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Empire_of_Vietnam_%281945%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Empire_of_Vietnam_%281945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Empire_of_Vietnam_%281945%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Empire_of_Vietnam_%281945%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Empire_of_Vietnam_%281945%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Empire_of_Vietnam_%281945%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Cesarstwo_Wietnamu" title="Cesarstwo Wietnamu">Cesarstwo Wietnamu</a></td> <td>1926–1945 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Gojong_of_the_Korean_Empire_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gojong_of_the_Korean_Empire_01.jpg/80px-Gojong_of_the_Korean_Empire_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gojong_of_the_Korean_Empire_01.jpg/120px-Gojong_of_the_Korean_Empire_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gojong_of_the_Korean_Empire_01.jpg/160px-Gojong_of_the_Korean_Empire_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1720" data-file-height="3056" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gojong" title="Gojong">Gojong</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Korea_%281899%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Korea_%281899%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Korea_%281899%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Korea_%281899%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Korea_%281899%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Korea_%281899%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="850" data-file-height="567" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Cesarstwo_Korea%C5%84skie" title="Cesarstwo Koreańskie">Cesarstwo Koreańskie</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dynastia_Yi" class="mw-redirect" title="Dynastia Yi">Yi</a> </td> <td>1897–1907 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Sunjong_of_the_Korean_Empire.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Sunjong_of_the_Korean_Empire.jpg/80px-Sunjong_of_the_Korean_Empire.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Sunjong_of_the_Korean_Empire.jpg/120px-Sunjong_of_the_Korean_Empire.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Sunjong_of_the_Korean_Empire.jpg/160px-Sunjong_of_the_Korean_Empire.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2504" data-file-height="3196" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sunjong" title="Sunjong">Sunjong</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Korea_%281899%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Korea_%281899%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Korea_%281899%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Korea_%281899%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Korea_%281899%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Korea_%281899%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="850" data-file-height="567" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Cesarstwo_Korea%C5%84skie" title="Cesarstwo Koreańskie">Cesarstwo Koreańskie</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dynastia_Yi" class="mw-redirect" title="Dynastia Yi">Yi</a> </td> <td>1907–1910 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Sultan_Abdul_Hamid_II_of_the_Ottoman_Empire.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Sultan_Abdul_Hamid_II_of_the_Ottoman_Empire.jpg/80px-Sultan_Abdul_Hamid_II_of_the_Ottoman_Empire.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Sultan_Abdul_Hamid_II_of_the_Ottoman_Empire.jpg/120px-Sultan_Abdul_Hamid_II_of_the_Ottoman_Empire.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Sultan_Abdul_Hamid_II_of_the_Ottoman_Empire.jpg/160px-Sultan_Abdul_Hamid_II_of_the_Ottoman_Empire.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1039" data-file-height="1600" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Abd%C3%BClhamid_II" title="Abdülhamid II">Abdülhamid II</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Imperium_Osma%C5%84skie" title="Imperium Osmańskie">Imperium Osmańskie</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Osmanowie" title="Osmanowie">Osmanowie</a> </td> <td>1876–1909 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Sultan_Mehmed_V_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Sultan_Mehmed_V_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_cropped.jpg/80px-Sultan_Mehmed_V_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Sultan_Mehmed_V_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_cropped.jpg/120px-Sultan_Mehmed_V_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Sultan_Mehmed_V_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_cropped.jpg/160px-Sultan_Mehmed_V_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3680" data-file-height="4464" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mehmed_V" title="Mehmed V">Mehmed V</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Imperium_Osma%C5%84skie" title="Imperium Osmańskie">Imperium Osmańskie</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Osmanowie" title="Osmanowie">Osmanowie</a> </td> <td>1909–1918 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Sultan_Mehmed_VI.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Sultan_Mehmed_VI.jpg/80px-Sultan_Mehmed_VI.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Sultan_Mehmed_VI.jpg/120px-Sultan_Mehmed_VI.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Sultan_Mehmed_VI.jpg/160px-Sultan_Mehmed_VI.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1910" data-file-height="2364" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mehmed_VI" title="Mehmed VI">Mehmed VI</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Imperium_Osma%C5%84skie" title="Imperium Osmańskie">Imperium Osmańskie</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Osmanowie" title="Osmanowie">Osmanowie</a> </td> <td>1918–1922 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Kwestie sporne:</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Micha%C5%82_Romanow_(1878%E2%80%931918)" title="Michał Romanow (1878–1918)">Michał II</a> – 15 marca 1917 imperator (cesarz) Rosji Mikołaj II abdykował na rzecz swego brata <a href="/wiki/Micha%C5%82_Romanow_(1878%E2%80%931918)" title="Michał Romanow (1878–1918)">Michała Aleksandrowicza Romanowa</a> tytułując go imperatorem wszechrosyjskim Michałem II – który jednak następnego dnia zrezygnował z tronu posługując się tytułem wielkiego księcia.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asfa_Uesen" title="Asfa Uesen">Amha Selassie I</a> – 12 września 1974 po obaleniu cesarza <a href="/wiki/Hajle_Syllasje_I" title="Hajle Syllasje I">Hajle Selasje I</a> junta wojskowa ogłosiła cesarzem Abisynii jego syna <a href="/wiki/Asfa_Uesen" title="Asfa Uesen">Asfa Uesena</a>. On jednak tytułu nie przyjął, dopiero w 1989 na emigracji proklamował się cesarzem jako Amha Selassie I i „panował” do śmierci w 1997 roku.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zobacz_też"><span id="Zobacz_te.C5.BC"></span>Zobacz też</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cesarz&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Edytuj sekcję: Zobacz też" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cesarz&action=edit&section=4" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Zobacz też"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="infobox noprint plainlinks" cellpadding="4" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:center; width:30px;"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/WiktionaryPl_nodesc.svg/28px-WiktionaryPl_nodesc.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/WiktionaryPl_nodesc.svg/42px-WiktionaryPl_nodesc.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/WiktionaryPl_nodesc.svg/56px-WiktionaryPl_nodesc.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="122" data-file-height="117" /></span></span> </td> <td style="line-height:normal; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center; flex:unset;"><a href="https://pl.wiktionary.org/wiki/cesarz" class="extiw" title="wikt:cesarz"><strong>Zobacz hasło</strong> <em>cesarz</em> w Wikisłowniku</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Imperium" title="Imperium">imperium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_(tytu%C5%82)" title="August (tytuł)">august</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cezar_(tytu%C5%82)" title="Cezar (tytuł)">cezar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Car" title="Car">car</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Przypisy">Przypisy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cesarz&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Edytuj sekcję: Przypisy" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cesarz&action=edit&section=5" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Przypisy"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="do-not-make-smaller refsection"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Dokładnie tytuł ten brzmi <i>tennō</i> (<a href="/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_japo%C5%84ski" title="Język japoński">jap.</a> 天皇 <i>„niebiański władca”</i>), co wynika z tradycji, która mówi o boskim pochodzeniu cesarskiego rodu. „<i>Znaczenie tego terminu jest wielce dalekie od naszego, europejskiego pojmowania słowa „cesarz”</i>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.repozytorium.uni.wroc.pl/Content/42417/017.pd">Pozycja ustrojowa cesarza w konstytucjach Japonii</a> s. 248). Znaki te czytano także <i>sumeragi</i>, <i>sumerogi</i>, <i>sumeramikoto</i> (The Compact Nelson <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki/0804820376" title="Specjalna:Książki/0804820376">ISBN <span class="isbn">0-8048-2037-6</span></a>, Tokyo 1999, s. 148).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">22 czerwca 1948 król Jerzy VI zrzekł się tytułu Cesarza Indii pozostając głową państwa Indii do proklamowania Republiki Indii w 1949.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Obecnie_żyjący_były_cesarz-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Obecnie_żyjący_były_cesarz_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Obecnie żyjący były cesarz.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Obecnie jedyny monarcha o tym tytule.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r74016753">.mw-parser-output #normdaten>div+div{margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output #normdaten>div>div{background:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0);padding:.2em .5em}.mw-parser-output #normdaten ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output #normdaten ul li:first-child{padding-left:.5em;border-left:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1)}</style> <div id="normdaten" class="catlinks"><div class="normdaten-typ-fehlt"><div><a href="/wiki/Kontrola_autorytatywna" title="Kontrola autorytatywna">Kontrola autorytatywna</a> (<span class="description"><a href="/wiki/Tytu%C5%82y_szlacheckie" title="Tytuły szlacheckie">tytuł szlachecki</a></span>):</div><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lccn.loc.gov/sh85042835">sh85042835</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://d-nb.info/gnd/4114123-4">4114123-4</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale" title="Bibliothèque nationale">BnF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11954086d">11954086d</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Centralna_Biblioteka_Narodowa_we_Florencji" title="Centralna Biblioteka Narodowa we Florencji">BNCF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thes.bncf.firenze.sbn.it/termine.php?id=12975">12975</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Biblioteka_Narodowa_Izraela" title="Biblioteka Narodowa Izraela">J9U</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007543354505171">987007543354505171</a></span></li></ul></div><div class="normdaten-andere"><div><a href="/wiki/Encyklopedia_internetowa" title="Encyklopedia internetowa">Encyklopedie internetowe</a>:</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Encyklopedia_PWN_(internetowa)" title="Encyklopedia PWN (internetowa)">PWN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://encyklopedia.pwn.pl/haslo/;3884403.html">3884403</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Encyklopedia_Britannica" title="Encyklopedia Britannica">Britannica</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/emperor-title">topic/emperor-title</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enciclopedia_Treccani" title="Enciclopedia Treccani">Treccani</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/imperatore">imperatore</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wielka_Encyklopedia_Rosyjska" title="Wielka Encyklopedia Rosyjska">БРЭ</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://old.bigenc.ru/text/2006308">2006308</a></span></li> <li><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P1296" class="extiw" title="d:Property:P1296">Catalana</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.enciclopedia.cat/ec-gec-0101388.xml">0101388</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Den_Store_Danske_Encyklop%C3%A6di" title="Den Store Danske Encyklopædi">DSDE</a>: <span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8313&url_prefix=https://lex.dk/&id=kejser">kejser</a></span></li></ul> </div></div></div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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