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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Zaloguj się</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Strony dla anonimowych edytorów <a href="/wiki/Pomoc:Pierwsze_kroki" aria-label="Dowiedz się więcej na temat edytowania"><span>dowiedz się więcej</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:M%C3%B3j_wk%C5%82ad" title="Lista edycji wykonanych z tego adresu IP [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Edycje</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Moja_dyskusja" title="Dyskusja użytkownika dla tego adresu IP [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Dyskusja</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div 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vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">przypnij</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ukryj</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Początek</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Życiorys" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Życiorys"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Życiorys</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Życiorys-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Przełącz podsekcję Życiorys</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Życiorys-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Początki_rządów" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Początki_rządów"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Początki rządów</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Początki_rządów-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Polityka_wewnętrzna" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Polityka_wewnętrzna"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Polityka wewnętrzna</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Polityka_wewnętrzna-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Polityka_zagraniczna" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Polityka_zagraniczna"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Polityka zagraniczna</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Polityka_zagraniczna-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ocena_rządów" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ocena_rządów"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Ocena rządów</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ocena_rządów-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zobacz_też" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zobacz_też"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Zobacz też</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zobacz_też-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Przypisy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Przypisy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Przypisy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Przypisy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Bibliografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Spis treści" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Przełącz stan spisu treści" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Przełącz stan spisu treści</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Mutsuhito</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Przejdź do artykułu w innym języku. Treść dostępna w 82 językach" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-82" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">82 języki</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meiji" title="Meiji – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Meiji" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%B1_%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%AC%D9%8A" title="الإمبراطور ميجي – arabski" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الإمبراطور ميجي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meiji_Tenn%C5%8D" title="Meiji Tennō – asturyjski" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Meiji Tennō" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meyci" title="Meyci – azerbejdżański" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Meyci" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbejdżański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9F_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF" title="সম্রাট মেইজি – bengalski" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সম্রাট মেইজি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%AAng-t%C4%AB_Thian-h%C3%B4ng" title="Bêng-tī Thian-hông – minnański" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Bêng-tī Thian-hông" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="minnański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%9C%D1%8D%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%B8" title="Император Мэйдзи – baszkirski" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Император Мэйдзи" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baszkirski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%9C%D1%8D%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%96" title="Імператар Мэйдзі – białoruski" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Імператар Мэйдзі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="białoruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B8" title="Мейджи – bułgarski" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Мейджи" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bułgarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emperador_Meiji" title="Emperador Meiji – kataloński" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Emperador Meiji" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="kataloński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meid%C5%BEi_(c%C3%ADsa%C5%99)" title="Meidži (císař) – czeski" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Meidži (císař)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="czeski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meiji-kejseren" title="Meiji-kejseren – duński" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Meiji-kejseren" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="duński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meiji" title="Meiji – niemiecki" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Meiji" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="niemiecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keiser_Meiji" title="Keiser Meiji – estoński" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Keiser Meiji" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CF%85%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%AC%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%82_%CE%9C%CE%AD%CE%B9%CF%84%CE%B6%CE%B9" title="Αυτοκράτορας Μέιτζι – grecki" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αυτοκράτορας Μέιτζι" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emperor_Meiji" title="Emperor Meiji – angielski" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Emperor Meiji" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angielski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meiji_Tenn%C5%8D" title="Meiji Tennō – hiszpański" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Meiji Tennō" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="hiszpański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mucuhito" title="Mucuhito – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Mucuhito" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meiji_enperadorea" title="Meiji enperadorea – baskijski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Meiji enperadorea" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1_%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%AC%DB%8C" title="امپراتور میجی – perski" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="امپراتور میجی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meiji_(empereur)" title="Meiji (empereur) – francuski" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Meiji (empereur)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francuski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emperador_Meiji" title="Emperador Meiji – galicyjski" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Emperador Meiji" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%ACn-chh%E1%B9%B3_thi%C3%AAn-f%C3%B2ng" title="Mìn-chhṳ thiên-fòng – hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Mìn-chhṳ thiên-fòng" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A9%94%EC%9D%B4%EC%A7%80_%EC%B2%9C%ED%99%A9" title="메이지 천황 – koreański" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="메이지 천황" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%BD%D6%80_%D5%84%D5%A5%D5%B5%D5%B1%D5%AB" title="Կայսր Մեյձի – ormiański" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կայսր Մեյձի" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="ormiański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80" title="मैजी – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मैजी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meiji_(car)" title="Meiji (car) – chorwacki" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Meiji (car)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="chorwacki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaisar_Meiji" title="Kaisar Meiji – indonezyjski" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kaisar Meiji" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonezyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meiji_keisari" title="Meiji keisari – islandzki" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Meiji keisari" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meiji" title="Meiji – włoski" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Meiji" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="włoski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%94%D7%99%D7%98%D7%95" title="מוצוהיטו – hebrajski" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מוצוהיטו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutsuhito" title="Mutsuhito – jawajski" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Mutsuhito" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="jawajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A3%E1%83%AA%E1%83%A3%E1%83%B0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D" title="მუცუჰიტო – gruziński" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მუცუჰიტო" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruziński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%8D%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%B8_(%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80)" title="Мэйдзи (император) – kazachski" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Мэйдзи (император)" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazachski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutsuhito" title="Mutsuhito – suahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Mutsuhito" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="suahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutsuhito" title="Mutsuhito – łaciński" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Mutsuhito" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="łaciński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meidzi" title="Meidzi – łotewski" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Meidzi" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="łotewski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperatorius_Meid%C5%BEi" title="Imperatorius Meidži – litewski" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Imperatorius Meidži" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litewski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperor_Meiji" title="Imperor Meiji – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Imperor Meiji" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meidzsi_jap%C3%A1n_cs%C3%A1sz%C3%A1r" title="Meidzsi japán császár – węgierski" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Meidzsi japán császár" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="węgierski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%86%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Муцухито – macedoński" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Муцухито" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emperora_Meiji" title="Emperora Meiji – malgaski" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Emperora Meiji" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgaski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%BF_%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BF" title="മെജി ചക്രവർത്തി – malajalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മെജി ചക്രവർത്തി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80" title="मैजी – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="मैजी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%B1_%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%AC%D9%89" title="الامبراطور ميجى – egipski arabski" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الامبراطور ميجى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="egipski arabski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%AC%DB%8C" title="میجی – mazanderański" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="میجی" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazanderański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maharaja_Meiji" title="Maharaja Meiji – malajski" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Maharaja Meiji" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%ACng-d%C3%AA_Ti%C4%95ng-hu%C3%B2ng" title="Mìng-dê Tiĕng-huòng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Mìng-dê Tiĕng-huòng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%B7%D1%8D%D0%BD_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%9C%D1%8D%D0%B9%D0%B6%D0%B8" title="Эзэн Хаан Мэйжи – mongolski" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Эзэн Хаан Мэйжи" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meiji_(keizer)" title="Meiji (keizer) – niderlandzki" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Meiji (keizer)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="niderlandzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E6%B2%BB%E5%A4%A9%E7%9A%87" title="明治天皇 – japoński" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="明治天皇" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keiser_Meiji" title="Keiser Meiji – północnofryzyjski" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Keiser Meiji" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="północnofryzyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutsuhito" title="Mutsuhito – norweski (bokmål)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Mutsuhito" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norweski (bokmål)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperator_Meydzi" title="Imperator Meydzi – uzbecki" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Imperator Meydzi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matsuhito" title="Matsuhito – piemoncki" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Matsuhito" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="piemoncki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meiji_(imperador)" title="Meiji (imperador) – portugalski" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Meiji (imperador)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Emp%C4%83ratul_Meiji" title="Împăratul Meiji – rumuński" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Împăratul Meiji" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumuński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutsuhito" title="Mutsuhito – keczua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Mutsuhito" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="keczua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%9C%D1%8D%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%B8" title="Император Мэйдзи – rosyjski" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Император Мэйдзи" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rosyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perandori_Meixhi" title="Perandori Meixhi – albański" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Perandori Meixhi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emperor_Meiji" title="Emperor Meiji – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Emperor Meiji" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mucuhito" title="Mucuhito – słowacki" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Mucuhito" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="słowacki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%BE%DA%95%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%86%D8%B1_%D9%85%DB%8E%DB%8C%D8%AC%DB%8C" title="ئیمپڕاتۆر مێیجی – sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئیمپڕاتۆر مێیجی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%86%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Муцухито – serbski" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Муцухито" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutsuhito,_car_Meiji" title="Mutsuhito, car Meiji – serbsko-chorwacki" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Mutsuhito, car Meiji" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbsko-chorwacki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meiji_(keisari)" title="Meiji (keisari) – fiński" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Meiji (keisari)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="fiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meiji" title="Meiji – szwedzki" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Meiji" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="szwedzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emperador_Meiji" title="Emperador Meiji – tagalski" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Emperador Meiji" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF" title="பேரரசர் மெய்சி – tamilski" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பேரரசர் மெய்சி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B4" title="จักรพรรดิเมจิ – tajski" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="จักรพรรดิเมจิ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meiji_(imparator)" title="Meiji (imparator) – turecki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Meiji (imparator)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%96" title="Імператор Мейдзі – ukraiński" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Імператор Мейдзі" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukraiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%DB%81%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%A7%DB%81_%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%AC%DB%8C" title="شہنشاہ میجی – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="شہنشاہ میجی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thi%C3%AAn_ho%C3%A0ng_Minh_Tr%E1%BB%8B" title="Thiên hoàng Minh Trị – wietnamski" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thiên hoàng Minh Trị" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="wietnamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutsuhito" title="Mutsuhito – võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Mutsuhito" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E6%B2%BB%E5%A4%A9%E7%9A%87" title="明治天皇 – chiński klasyczny" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="明治天皇" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="chiński klasyczny" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emperador_Meiji" title="Emperador Meiji – waraj" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Emperador Meiji" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waraj" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E6%B2%BB%E5%A4%A9%E7%9A%87" title="明治天皇 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="明治天皇" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emperor_Meiji" title="Emperor Meiji – joruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Emperor Meiji" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="joruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E6%B2%BB%E5%A4%A9%E7%9A%87" title="明治天皇 – kantoński" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="明治天皇" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E6%B2%BB%E5%A4%A9%E7%9A%87" title="明治天皇 – chiński" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="明治天皇" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutsuhito" title="Mutsuhito – tałyski" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Mutsuhito" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" 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vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Wygląd</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">przypnij</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ukryj</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Z Wikipedii, wolnej encyklopedii</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="pl" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox"> <caption class="naglowek"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r65781301">.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption>.iboxt-flex{display:flex;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:center;gap:4px}.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption>.iboxt-flex>.iboxt-ikona{flex-grow:0;flex-shrink:0;font-size:7px;max-width:40px;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption>.iboxt-flex>.iboxt-tekst{flex-grow:1}.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption .iboxt-1{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption .iboxt-2{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption .iboxt-3{font-style:italic;font-size:90%}</style><div class="iboxt-1">Mutsuhito<br />睦仁</div> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="background:#d0d0d0; color:black; font-weight:normal; font-style:italic;">Imię <a href="/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_japo%C5%84ski" title="Język japoński">japońskie</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0;"> <table class="iboxtab ibox-inner"> <tbody><tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Kanji" title="Kanji">Kanji</a> </th> <td style="font-size:130%; padding-top:1px; padding-bottom:1px;"> <p>明治天皇 </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Transkrypcja_Hepburna" title="Transkrypcja Hepburna">Transkrypcja Hepburna</a> </th> <td> <p>Meiji-tennō </p> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa; spacing:0px; padding:0px; height:0px;"> </td></tr> <tr class="grafika iboxs"> <td colspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Black_and_white_portrait_of_emperor_Meiji_of_Japan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Ilustracja" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Black_and_white_portrait_of_emperor_Meiji_of_Japan.jpg/176px-Black_and_white_portrait_of_emperor_Meiji_of_Japan.jpg" decoding="async" width="176" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Black_and_white_portrait_of_emperor_Meiji_of_Japan.jpg/265px-Black_and_white_portrait_of_emperor_Meiji_of_Japan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Black_and_white_portrait_of_emperor_Meiji_of_Japan.jpg/353px-Black_and_white_portrait_of_emperor_Meiji_of_Japan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1507" data-file-height="2048" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr class="grafika iboxs grafika-z-wikidanych"> <td colspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Flag_of_the_Japanese_Emperor.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="ilustracja herbu" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_the_Japanese_Emperor.svg/150px-Flag_of_the_Japanese_Emperor.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_the_Japanese_Emperor.svg/225px-Flag_of_the_Japanese_Emperor.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_the_Japanese_Emperor.svg/300px-Flag_of_the_Japanese_Emperor.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr class="grafika iboxs grafika-z-wikidanych"> <td colspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Meiji_shomei.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="podpis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Meiji_shomei.svg/37px-Meiji_shomei.svg.png" decoding="async" width="37" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Meiji_shomei.svg/56px-Meiji_shomei.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Meiji_shomei.svg/74px-Meiji_shomei.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="416" data-file-height="1115" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="background:#ddd; color:black; text-align:center; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #aaa;"><a href="/wiki/Cesarze_Japonii" title="Cesarze Japonii">Cesarz Japonii</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Okres </th> <td> <p>od 9 stycznia 1867<br />do 30 lipca 1912 </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Poprzednik </th> <td> <p><a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dmei" title="Kōmei">Kōmei</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Następca </th> <td> <p><a href="/wiki/Yoshihito" title="Yoshihito">Yoshihito</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="background:#ddd; color:black; text-align:center; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #aaa;">Dane biograficzne </td></tr> <tr> <th>Data urodzenia </th> <td> <p><span style="white-space:nowrap">3 listopada 1852</span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Data śmierci </th> <td> <p><span style="white-space:nowrap">30 lipca 1912</span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa; spacing:0px; padding:0px; height:0px;"> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Ojciec </th> <td> <p><a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dmei" title="Kōmei">Kōmei</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Matka </th> <td> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yoshiko_Nakayama&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yoshiko Nakayama (strona nie istnieje)">Yoshiko Nakayama</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa; spacing:0px; padding:0px; height:0px;"> </td></tr> <tr class="noprint plainlinks" style="border-top:1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1); text-align:center;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0;"> <table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="width:100%; margin:0px; background:var(--background-color-base, #fff); color:inherit"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle; width:30px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Meiji_Emperor" title="Commons"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/21px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/31px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/42px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Meiji_Emperor" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Meiji Emperor">Multimedia w Wikimedia Commons</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Mutsuhito-Emperor-Meiji-1873.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Mutsuhito-Emperor-Meiji-1873.png/240px-Mutsuhito-Emperor-Meiji-1873.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="310" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Mutsuhito-Emperor-Meiji-1873.png/360px-Mutsuhito-Emperor-Meiji-1873.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Mutsuhito-Emperor-Meiji-1873.png/480px-Mutsuhito-Emperor-Meiji-1873.png 2x" data-file-width="3101" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>Cesarz Meiji w stroju wojskowym. Zdjęcie zrobione przez Kuichi Uchida, 1873</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Meiji_tenno1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Meiji_tenno1.jpg/240px-Meiji_tenno1.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="328" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Meiji_tenno1.jpg/360px-Meiji_tenno1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Meiji_tenno1.jpg/480px-Meiji_tenno1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="879" data-file-height="1203" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Edoardo_Chiossone" title="Edoardo Chiossone">Edoardo Chiossone</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Riy%C5%8D_Maruki&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Riyō Maruki (strona nie istnieje)">Riyō Maruki</a>, <i>Portret cesarza Meiji</i>, 1888</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Mutsuhito</b><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<a href="/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_japo%C5%84ski" title="Język japoński">jap.</a> <span lang="ja">睦仁</span>; ur. <a href="/wiki/3_listopada" title="3 listopada">3 listopada</a> <a href="/wiki/1852" title="1852">1852</a> w <a href="/wiki/Kioto" title="Kioto">Kioto</a>, zm. <a href="/wiki/30_lipca" title="30 lipca">30 lipca</a> <a href="/wiki/1912" title="1912">1912</a> w <a href="/wiki/Tokio" title="Tokio">Tokio</a>)</span> – zgodnie z tradycją 122. <a href="/wiki/Cesarze_Japonii" title="Cesarze Japonii">cesarz Japonii</a>, pośmiertnie zwany <b>Meiji</b><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<a href="/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_japo%C5%84ski" title="Język japoński">jap.</a> <span lang="ja">明治天皇</span> <i lang="ja-Latn"> Meiji-tennō</i>)</span>, tak jak okres jego panowania (<a href="/wiki/Meiji_(okres)" title="Meiji (okres)">okres Meiji</a> <a href="/wiki/1868" title="1868">1868</a>–<a href="/wiki/1912" title="1912">1912</a>). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Życiorys"><span id=".C5.BByciorys"></span>Życiorys</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mutsuhito&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Edytuj sekcję: Życiorys" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mutsuhito&action=edit&section=1" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Życiorys"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Początki_rządów"><span id="Pocz.C4.85tki_rz.C4.85d.C3.B3w"></span>Początki rządów</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mutsuhito&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Edytuj sekcję: Początki rządów" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mutsuhito&action=edit&section=2" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Początki rządów"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mutsuhito urodził się w 1852 r. w <a href="/wiki/Kioto" title="Kioto">Kioto</a>, jako drugi syn cesarza <a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dmei" title="Kōmei">Kōmei</a>. W lipcu 1860 roku uznany został za następcę tronu, a formalne rządy objął 9 stycznia 1867 roku, mając 15 lat. </p><p>W styczniu 1868 roku siły sprzeciwiające się rządom <a href="/wiki/Siogun" title="Siogun">siogunów</a> rodu <a href="/wiki/R%C3%B3d_Tokugawa" title="Ród Tokugawa">Tokugawa</a> obaliły ostatniego sioguna – <a href="/wiki/Yoshinobu_Tokugawa" title="Yoshinobu Tokugawa">Yoshinobu Tokugawę</a>. W następstwie tego przewrotu cesarz uzyskał pełnię władzy w państwie. <a href="/wiki/Japonia" title="Japonia">Japonia</a> rozpoczęła proces szybkiej modernizacji i otwarcia na wpływy Zachodu. </p><p>W dniu 6 kwietnia 1868 roku Mutsuhito ogłosił „Przysięgę cesarską w pięciu artykułach” (<i>Gokajō no goseimon</i>). Zapowiedział w niej przeprowadzenie w kraju głębokich reform: </p> <ul><li>zwoływanie zgromadzeń obradujących nad problemami państwa, mających na względzie opinię publiczną;</li> <li>udział całego społeczeństwa w tworzeniu nowego państwa;</li> <li>sprawiedliwość i praworządność;</li> <li>likwidację zacofania;</li> <li>powszechny dostęp do wiedzy<sup id="cite_ref-Pał_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pał-1">[1]</a></sup>.</li></ul> <p>W maju 1869 roku przeniósł stolicę państwa z Kioto do <a href="/wiki/Edo_(miasto)" title="Edo (miasto)">Edo</a>, któremu nadał nową nazwę <a href="/wiki/Tokio" title="Tokio">Tokio</a> (Wschodnia Stolica). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Polityka_wewnętrzna"><span id="Polityka_wewn.C4.99trzna"></span>Polityka wewnętrzna</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mutsuhito&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Edytuj sekcję: Polityka wewnętrzna" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mutsuhito&action=edit&section=3" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Polityka wewnętrzna"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>W 1871 r. cesarz zlikwidował feudalne domeny (<a href="/wiki/Han_(Japonia)" title="Han (Japonia)">hany</a>), wprowadzając w ich miejsce prefektury podlegające bezpośrednio centralnemu rządowi. </p><p>W 1872 roku przeprowadzono reformy zmierzające do zmniejszenia obciążeń chłopów oraz poprawy ich sytuacji materialnej i społecznej. Rok później przystąpiono do realizacji planu wprowadzenia powszechnego szkolnictwa i utworzenia armii opartej na powszechnym poborze. </p><p>Jednocześnie dokonano zasadniczych zmian w strukturze klasowej społeczeństwa, znosząc wiele przywilejów warstwy <a href="/wiki/Samuraj" title="Samuraj">samurajskiej</a> i ograniczeń dotykających inne grupy społeczne. Zmiany te spotkały się z oporem części społeczeństwa. Jednak lokalne bunty zostały szybko stłumione. Przeprowadzono także zasadnicze zmiany ustroju państwa, które doprowadziły ostatecznie do wprowadzenia w Japonii monarchii konstytucyjnej o wyraźnej przewadze cesarza (<a href="/wiki/Konstytucja_Meiji" title="Konstytucja Meiji">Konstytucja Meiji</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Polityka_zagraniczna">Polityka zagraniczna</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mutsuhito&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Edytuj sekcję: Polityka zagraniczna" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mutsuhito&action=edit&section=4" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Polityka zagraniczna"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Na arenie międzynarodowej Japonia odniosła w latach 1894–1895 sukces <a href="/wiki/Wojna_chi%C5%84sko-japo%C5%84ska_(1894%E2%80%931895)" title="Wojna chińsko-japońska (1894–1895)">w wojnie z Chinami</a>, a następnie w latach 1904–1905 <a href="/wiki/Wojna_rosyjsko-japo%C5%84ska" title="Wojna rosyjsko-japońska">w wojnie z Rosją</a>. Dzięki tym zwycięstwom Japończycy zajęli <a href="/wiki/Korea" title="Korea">Koreę</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tajwan_(wyspa)" title="Tajwan (wyspa)">Tajwan</a> i mocno usadowili się w <a href="/wiki/Mand%C5%BCuria" title="Mandżuria">Mandżurii</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ocena_rządów"><span id="Ocena_rz.C4.85d.C3.B3w"></span>Ocena rządów</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mutsuhito&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Edytuj sekcję: Ocena rządów" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mutsuhito&action=edit&section=5" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Ocena rządów"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>W okresie panowania Mutsuhito położono podwaliny pod budowę potężnego, nowoczesnego państwa japońskiego. Sam cesarz w znacznej mierze przyczynił się do zasadniczej przebudowy ustroju oraz struktury politycznej, gospodarczej i społecznej swojej monarchii. Kiedy zmarł w 1912 roku, cała Japonia okryła się żałobą. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zobacz_też"><span id="Zobacz_te.C5.BC"></span>Zobacz też</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mutsuhito&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Edytuj sekcję: Zobacz też" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mutsuhito&action=edit&section=6" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Zobacz też"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cesarze_Japonii" title="Cesarze Japonii">Cesarze Japonii</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Przypisy">Przypisy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mutsuhito&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Edytuj sekcję: Przypisy" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mutsuhito&action=edit&section=7" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Przypisy"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="do-not-make-smaller refsection"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Pał-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Pał_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Ewa Pałasz-Rutkowska, Katarzyna Starecka: <i>Japonia</i>. Warszawa: TRIO, 2004, s. 34, seria: Historia państw świata w XX wieku. <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki/8388542842" title="Specjalna:Książki/8388542842">ISBN <span class="isbn">83-88542-84-2</span></a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Japonia&rft.aulast=Pa%C5%82asz-Rutkowska&rft.aufirst=Ewa&rft.date=2004&rft.pub=TRIO&rft.place=Warszawa&rft.pages=34&rft.series=Historia+pa%C5%84stw+%C5%9Bwiata+w+XX+wieku&rft.isbn=83-88542-84-2"></span></cite></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mutsuhito&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Edytuj sekcję: Bibliografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mutsuhito&action=edit&section=8" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Bibliografia"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Alex Axelrod, Charles Phillips <i>Władcy, tyrani, dyktatorzy. Leksykon</i>, wyd. Politeja, Warszawa 2000.</li></ul> <div class="navbox do-not-make-smaller mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" data-expandtext="pokaż" data-collapsetext="ukryj"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r74983602">.mw-parser-output .navbox{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);margin:auto;text-align:center;padding:3px;margin-top:1em;clear:both}.mw-parser-output table.navbox:not(.pionowy){width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox{border-top:0;margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox.pionowy{width:250px;float:right;clear:right;margin:0 0 0.4em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .navbox.pionowy .before,.mw-parser-output .navbox.pionowy .after{padding:0.5em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox>.caption,.mw-parser-output .navbox>tbody>tr>th{background:#ccf;text-align:center;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .navbox .tnavbar{font-weight:normal;font-size:xx-small;white-space:nowrap;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox>.tnavbar{margin-left:1em;float:left}.mw-parser-output .navbox 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.navbox.medaliści .opis.a2,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .a2 .opis{background:#5f5f5f}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .opis.a3,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .a3 .opis{background:#764617}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox>.caption,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox>tbody>tr>th{background-color:#3a3c3e}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox .title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox>.mw-collapsible-content>.above,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox>.mw-collapsible-content>.below,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox .opis{background-color:#303234}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .opis.a1,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .a1 .opis{background:#715f00}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .opis.a2,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .a2 .opis{background:#5f5f5f}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .opis.a3,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .a3 .opis{background:#764617}}</style><ul class="tnavbar noprint plainlinks hlist"><li><a href="/wiki/Szablon:Cesarze_Japonii" title="Szablon:Cesarze Japonii"><span title="Pokaż ten szablon">p</span></a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dyskusja_szablonu:Cesarze_Japonii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dyskusja szablonu:Cesarze Japonii (strona nie istnieje)"><span title="Dyskusja na temat tego szablonu">d</span></a></li><li title="Możesz edytować ten szablon. Użyj przycisku podglądu przed zapisaniem zmian."><a class="external text" href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Szablon:Cesarze_Japonii&action=edit">e</a></li></ul><div class="navbox-title caption"><a href="/wiki/Cesarze_Japonii" title="Cesarze Japonii">Cesarze Japonii</a></div><div class="mw-collapsible-content flex"><table class="navbox-main-content inner-standard"><tbody><tr class="a1"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">Epoka<br />Genshi (legendarna)</th><td class="navbox-list spis"><table class="inner-standard"><tbody><tr class="a1_1"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">Okres<br /><a href="/wiki/J%C5%8Dmon" title="Jōmon">Jōmon</a></th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-odd"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jimmu" title="Jimmu">Jimmu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suizei" title="Suizei">Suizei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annei" title="Annei">Annei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itoku" title="Itoku">Itoku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dsh%C5%8D" title="Kōshō">Kōshō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dan" title="Kōan">Kōan</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr class="a1_2"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">Okres<br /><a href="/wiki/Yayoi" title="Yayoi">Yayoi</a></th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-even"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Drei" title="Kōrei">Kōrei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dgen" title="Kōgen">Kōgen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaika" title="Kaika">Kaika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sujin" title="Sujin">Sujin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suinin" title="Suinin">Suinin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keik%C5%8D" title="Keikō">Keikō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seimu" title="Seimu">Seimu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C5%ABai" title="Chūai">Chūai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jing%C5%AB" title="Jingū">Jingū</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr class="a2"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">Epoka<br />Kodai</th><td class="navbox-list spis"><table class="inner-standard"><tbody><tr class="a2_1"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">Okres<br /><a href="/wiki/Kofun_(okres)" title="Kofun (okres)">Kofun</a></th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-odd"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C5%8Cjin" title="Ōjin">Ōjin</a> (270–310)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nintoku" title="Nintoku">Nintoku</a> (313–399)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rich%C5%AB" title="Richū">Richū</a> (400–405)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanzei" title="Hanzei">Hanzei</a> (406–410)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingy%C5%8D" title="Ingyō">Ingyō</a> (411–453)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ank%C5%8D" title="Ankō">Ankō</a> (453–456)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Y%C5%ABryaku" title="Yūryaku">Yūryaku</a> (456–479)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seinei" title="Seinei">Seinei</a> (480–484)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenz%C5%8D" title="Kenzō">Kenzō</a> (485–487)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ninken" title="Ninken">Ninken</a> (488–498)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buretsu" title="Buretsu">Buretsu</a> (498–506)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keitai" title="Keitai">Keitai</a> (507–531)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ankan" title="Ankan">Ankan</a> (531–536)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senka" title="Senka">Senka</a> (536–539)</li></ul> </td></tr><tr class="a2_2"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">Okres<br /><a href="/wiki/Asuka_(okres)" title="Asuka (okres)">Asuka</a></th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-even"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kinmei" title="Kinmei">Kinmei</a> (539–571)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bidatsu" title="Bidatsu">Bidatsu</a> (572–585)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Y%C5%8Dmei" title="Yōmei">Yōmei</a> (585–587)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sushun" title="Sushun">Sushun</a> (587–592)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suiko" title="Suiko">Suiko</a> (593–628)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jomei" title="Jomei">Jomei</a> (629–641)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dgyoku" title="Kōgyoku">Kōgyoku</a> (642–645)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dtoku" title="Kōtoku">Kōtoku</a> (645–654)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dgyoku" title="Kōgyoku">Kōgyoku</a> (655–661)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenji" title="Tenji">Tenji</a> (661–672)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dbun" title="Kōbun">Kōbun</a> (672)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenmu" title="Tenmu">Tenmu</a> (672–686)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jit%C5%8D" title="Jitō">Jitō</a> (686–697)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mommu" title="Mommu">Mommu</a> (697–707)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gemmei" title="Gemmei">Gemmei</a> (707–715)</li></ul> </td></tr><tr class="a2_3"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">Okres<br /><a href="/wiki/Nara_(okres)" title="Nara (okres)">Nara</a></th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-odd"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gensh%C5%8D" title="Genshō">Genshō</a> (715–724)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dmu" title="Shōmu">Shōmu</a> (724–749)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dtoku_(cesarzowa)" title="Shōtoku (cesarzowa)">Kōken</a> (749–758)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junnin" title="Junnin">Junnin</a> (758–764)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dtoku_(cesarzowa)" title="Shōtoku (cesarzowa)">Shōtoku</a> (764–770)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dnin" title="Kōnin">Kōnin</a> (770–781)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kammu" title="Kammu">Kammu</a> (781–806)</li></ul> </td></tr><tr class="a2_4"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">Okres<br /><a href="/wiki/Heian" title="Heian">Heian</a></th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-even"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heizei" title="Heizei">Heizei</a> (806–809)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saga_(cesarz)" title="Saga (cesarz)">Saga</a> (809–823)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junna" title="Junna">Junna</a> (823–833)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ninmy%C5%8D" title="Ninmyō">Ninmyō</a> (833–850)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montoku" title="Montoku">Montoku</a> (850–858)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seiwa" title="Seiwa">Seiwa</a> (858–876)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Y%C5%8Dzei" title="Yōzei">Yōzei</a> (876–884)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dk%C5%8D" title="Kōkō">Kōkō</a> (884–887)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uda_(cesarz)" title="Uda (cesarz)">Uda</a> (887–897)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daigo" title="Daigo">Daigo</a> (897–930)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suzaku_(cesarz)" title="Suzaku (cesarz)">Suzaku</a> (930–946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murakami_(cesarz)" title="Murakami (cesarz)">Murakami</a> (946–967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reizei" title="Reizei">Reizei</a> (967–969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/En%E2%80%99y%C5%AB" title="En’yū">En’yū</a> (969–984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazan_(cesarz)" title="Kazan (cesarz)">Kazan</a> (984–986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ichij%C5%8D" title="Ichijō">Ichijō</a> (986–1011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanj%C5%8D_(cesarz)" title="Sanjō (cesarz)">Sanjō</a> (1011–1016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Go-Ichij%C5%8D" title="Go-Ichijō">Go-Ichijō</a> (1016–1036)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Go-Suzaku" title="Go-Suzaku">Go-Suzaku</a> (1036–1045)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Go-Reizei" title="Go-Reizei">Go-Reizei</a> (1045–1068)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Go-Sanj%C5%8D" title="Go-Sanjō">Go-Sanjō</a> (1068–1073)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirakawa" title="Shirakawa">Shirakawa</a> (1073–1087)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horikawa" title="Horikawa">Horikawa</a> (1087–1107)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toba_(cesarz)" title="Toba (cesarz)">Toba</a> (1107–1123)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sutoku" title="Sutoku">Sutoku</a> (1123–1142)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konoe" title="Konoe">Konoe</a> (1142–1155)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Go-Shirakawa" title="Go-Shirakawa">Go-Shirakawa</a> (1155–1158)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nij%C5%8D" title="Nijō">Nijō</a> (1158–1165)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rokuj%C5%8D" title="Rokujō">Rokujō</a> (1165–1168)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takakura" title="Takakura">Takakura</a> (1168–1180)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoku" title="Antoku">Antoku</a> (1180–1185)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Go-Toba" title="Go-Toba">Go-Toba</a> (1183–1198)</li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr class="a3"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">Epoka<br />Chūsei</th><td class="navbox-list spis"><table class="inner-standard"><tbody><tr class="a3_1"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">Okres<br /><a href="/wiki/Kamakura_(okres)" title="Kamakura (okres)">Kamakura</a></th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-odd"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tsuchimikado" title="Tsuchimikado">Tsuchimikado</a> (1198–1210)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juntoku" title="Juntoku">Juntoku</a> (1210–1221)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C5%ABky%C5%8D" title="Chūkyō">Chūkyō</a> (1221)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Go-Horikawa" title="Go-Horikawa">Go-Horikawa</a> (1221–1232)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shij%C5%8D" title="Shijō">Shijō</a> (1232–1242)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Go-Saga" title="Go-Saga">Go-Saga</a> (1242–1246)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Go-Fukakusa" title="Go-Fukakusa">Go-Fukakusa</a> (1246–1260)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kameyama" title="Kameyama">Kameyama</a> (1260–1274)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Go-Uda" title="Go-Uda">Go-Uda</a> (1274–1287)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fushimi" title="Fushimi">Fushimi</a> (1287–1298)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Go-Fushimi" title="Go-Fushimi">Go-Fushimi</a> (1298–1301)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Go-Nij%C5%8D" title="Go-Nijō">Go-Nijō</a> (1301–1308)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanazono" title="Hanazono">Hanazono</a> (1308–1318)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Go-Daigo" title="Go-Daigo">Go-Daigo</a> (1318–1339)</li></ul> </td></tr><tr class="a3_2"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Dw%C3%B3r_p%C3%B3%C5%82nocny_i_po%C5%82udniowy" title="Dwór północny i południowy">Dwór północny<br />i południowy</a></th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-even"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dgon" title="Kōgon">Kōgon</a> (1331–1333)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dmy%C5%8D" title="Kōmyō">Kōmyō</a> (1336–1348)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suk%C5%8D" title="Sukō">Sukō</a> (1348–1351)</li> <li><i>bezkrólewie</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Go-K%C5%8Dgon" title="Go-Kōgon">Go-Kōgon</a> (1352–1371)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Go-En%E2%80%99y%C5%AB" title="Go-En’yū">Go-En’yū</a> (1371–1382)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Go-Komatsu" title="Go-Komatsu">Go-Komatsu</a> (1382–1392)</li></ul> </td></tr><tr class="a3_3"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">Okres<br /><a href="/wiki/Muromachi_(okres)" title="Muromachi (okres)">Muromachi</a></th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-odd"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Go-Murakami" title="Go-Murakami">Go-Murakami</a> (1339–1368)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C5%8Dkei" title="Chōkei">Chōkei</a> (1368–1383)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Go-Kameyama" title="Go-Kameyama">Go-Kameyama</a> (1383–1392)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Go-Komatsu" title="Go-Komatsu">Go-Komatsu</a> (1392–1412)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dk%C5%8D" title="Shōkō">Shōkō</a> (1412–1428)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Go-Hanazono" title="Go-Hanazono">Go-Hanazono</a> (1428–1464)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Go-Tsuchimikado" title="Go-Tsuchimikado">Go-Tsuchimikado</a> (1464–1500)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Go-Kashiwabara" title="Go-Kashiwabara">Go-Kashiwabara</a> (1500–1526)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Go-Nara" title="Go-Nara">Go-Nara</a> (1526–1557)</li></ul> </td></tr><tr class="a3_4"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">Okres<br /><a href="/wiki/Azuchi-Momoyama" title="Azuchi-Momoyama">Azuchi-Momoyama</a></th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-even"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C5%8Cgimachi" title="Ōgimachi">Ōgimachi</a> (1557–1586)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Go-Y%C5%8Dzei" title="Go-Yōzei">Go-Yōzei</a> (1586–1611)</li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr class="a4"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">Epoka<br />Kinsei</th><td class="navbox-list spis"><table class="inner-standard"><tbody><tr class="a4_1"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">Okres<br /><a href="/wiki/Edo_(okres)" title="Edo (okres)">Edo</a></th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-odd"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Go-Mizunoo" title="Go-Mizunoo">Go-Mizunoo</a> (1611–1629)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meish%C5%8D" title="Meishō">Meishō</a> (1629–1643)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Go-K%C5%8Dmy%C5%8D" title="Go-Kōmyō">Go-Kōmyō</a> (1643–1654)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Go-Sai" title="Go-Sai">Go-Sai</a> (1655–1663)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reigen" title="Reigen">Reigen</a> (1663–1687)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higashiyama" title="Higashiyama">Higashiyama</a> (1687–1709)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakamikado" title="Nakamikado">Nakamikado</a> (1709–1735)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakuramachi" title="Sakuramachi">Sakuramachi</a> (1735–1747)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Momozono" title="Momozono">Momozono</a> (1747–1762)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Go-Sakuramachi" title="Go-Sakuramachi">Go-Sakuramachi</a> (1762–1771)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Go-Momozono" title="Go-Momozono">Go-Momozono</a> (1771–1779)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dkaku" title="Kōkaku">Kōkaku</a> (1780–1817)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nink%C5%8D" title="Ninkō">Ninkō</a> (1817–1846)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dmei" title="Kōmei">Kōmei</a> (1846–1867)</li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr class="a5"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">Epoka<br />Kindai/Gendai</th><td class="navbox-list spis"><table class="inner-standard"><tbody><tr class="a5_1"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">Okres<br />współczesny</th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-even"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Meiji</a> (1868–1912)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoshihito" title="Yoshihito">Taishō</a> (1912–1926)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hirohito" title="Hirohito">Shōwa</a> (1926–1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akihito_(cesarz)" title="Akihito (cesarz)">Akihito</a> (1989–2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naruhito" title="Naruhito">Naruhito</a> (od 2019)</li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="navbox-after after"> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg/75px-Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg/113px-Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg/150px-Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="990" /></a></span> </p> </div></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r74016753">.mw-parser-output #normdaten>div+div{margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output #normdaten>div>div{background:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0);padding:.2em .5em}.mw-parser-output #normdaten ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output #normdaten ul li:first-child{padding-left:.5em;border-left:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1)}</style> <div id="normdaten" class="catlinks"><div class="normdaten-typ-p"><div><a href="/wiki/Kontrola_autorytatywna" title="Kontrola autorytatywna">Kontrola autorytatywna</a> (<span class="description">osoba</span>):</div><ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Name_Identifier" title="International Standard Name Identifier">ISNI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000121291933">0000000121291933</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_International_Authority_File" title="Virtual International Authority File">VIAF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://viaf.org/viaf/39644303">39644303</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lccn.loc.gov/n81096007">n81096007</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://d-nb.info/gnd/118996584">118996584</a></span></li><li><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_NDL_Authorities" class="extiw" title="de:Web NDL Authorities">NDL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00043014">00043014</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale" title="Bibliothèque nationale">BnF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb148392651">148392651</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_Universitaire_de_Documentation" title="Système Universitaire de Documentation">SUDOC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.idref.fr/080488250">080488250</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Biblioteka_Narodowa_Australii" title="Biblioteka Narodowa Australii">NLA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an47753408">47753408</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Biblioteka_Narodowa_Republiki_Czeskiej" title="Biblioteka Narodowa Republiki Czeskiej">NKC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aut.nkp.cz/js20060714008">js20060714008</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Hiszpa%C5%84ska_Biblioteka_Narodowa" title="Hiszpańska Biblioteka Narodowa">BNE</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX4712287">XX4712287</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Holenderska_Biblioteka_Narodowa" title="Holenderska Biblioteka Narodowa">NTA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/doc/thes/p100095879">100095879</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/BIBSYS" title="BIBSYS">BIBSYS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/99034123">99034123</a></span></li><li><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/CiNii" class="extiw" title="jp:CiNii">CiNii</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA0535647X">DA0535647X</a></span></li><li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Library" class="extiw" title="en:Open Library">Open Library</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/books/OL1377432A">OL1377432A</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Biblioteka_Narodowa_(Warszawa)" title="Biblioteka Narodowa (Warszawa)">PLWABN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810688634905606">9810688634905606</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/NUKAT" title="NUKAT">NUKAT</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nukat.edu.pl/aut/n%202003031731">n2003031731</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Biblioteka_Narodowa_Izraela" title="Biblioteka Narodowa Izraela">J9U</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007265243905171">987007265243905171</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Litewska_Biblioteka_Narodowa_im._Martynasa_Ma%C5%BEvydasa" title="Litewska Biblioteka Narodowa im. Martynasa Mažvydasa">LIH</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lnb.libis.lt/simpleSearch.do?doSearch=1&AI001=LNB%3Aky4%3B%3DB4">LNB:ky4;=B4</a></span></li></ul></div><div class="normdaten-andere"><div><a href="/wiki/Encyklopedia_internetowa" title="Encyklopedia internetowa">Encyklopedie internetowe</a>:</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Encyklopedia_PWN_(internetowa)" title="Encyklopedia PWN (internetowa)">PWN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://encyklopedia.pwn.pl/haslo/;3944706.html">3944706</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Encyklopedia_Britannica" title="Encyklopedia Britannica">Britannica</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Meiji">biography/Meiji</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enciclopedia_Treccani" title="Enciclopedia Treccani">Treccani</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/mutsuhito">mutsuhito</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalencyklopedin" title="Nationalencyklopedin">NE.se</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ne.se/uppslagsverk/encyklopedi/lång/mutsuhito">mutsuhito</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Store_norske_leksikon" title="Store norske leksikon">SNL</a>: <span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=4342&url_prefix=https://snl.no/&id=Mutsuhito">Mutsuhito</a></span></li> <li><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P1296" class="extiw" title="d:Property:P1296">Catalana</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.enciclopedia.cat/ec-gec-0045157.xml">0045157</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Den_Store_Danske_Encyklop%C3%A6di" title="Den Store Danske Encyklopædi">DSDE</a>: <span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8313&url_prefix=https://lex.dk/&id=Mutsuhito">Mutsuhito</a></span>, <span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8313&url_prefix=https://lex.dk/&id=Meiji_Tenno">Meiji_Tenno</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hrvatska_enciklopedija" title="Hrvatska enciklopedija">Hrvatska enciklopedija</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.enciklopedija.hr/Natuknica.aspx?ID=42610">42610</a></span></li></ul> </div></div></div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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