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class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="更多选项" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="个人工具" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">个人工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="用户菜单" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=spontaneous&uselang=zh-hans"><span>资助维基百科</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E8%98%AD%E8%8A%B3%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E8%98%AD%E8%8A%B3%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-歷史" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#歷史"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>歷史</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-歷史-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-制度" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#制度"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>制度</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-制度-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-歷任總長" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#歷任總長"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>歷任總長</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-歷任總長-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-早期學者對蘭芳的介紹" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#早期學者對蘭芳的介紹"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>早期學者對蘭芳的介紹</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-早期學者對蘭芳的介紹-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-评价" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#评价"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>评价</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-评价-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參見" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參見"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>參見</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參見-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-附註" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#附註"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>附註</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-附註-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參考文獻" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參考文獻"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>參考文獻</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參考文獻-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部連結" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部連結"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>外部連結</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部連結-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">蘭芳共和國</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。16种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-16" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">16种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiblik_Lanhong" title="Kiblik Lanhong – 貝塔維文" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Kiblik Lanhong" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="貝塔維文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_de_Lanfang" title="República de Lanfang – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="República de Lanfang" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lanfang" title="Lanfang – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Lanfang" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lanfang_Republic" title="Lanfang Republic – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Lanfang Republic" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_de_Lanfang" title="República de Lanfang – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="República de Lanfang" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lanfangin_tasavalta" title="Lanfangin tasavalta – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Lanfangin tasavalta" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9publique_de_Lanfang" title="République de Lanfang – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="République de Lanfang" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republik_Lanfang" title="Republik Lanfang – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Republik Lanfang" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repubblica_di_Lanfang" title="Repubblica di Lanfang – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Repubblica di Lanfang" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%98%AD%E8%8A%B3%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8" title="蘭芳公司 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="蘭芳公司" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%9E%80%EB%B0%A9%EA%B3%B5%ED%99%94%EA%B5%AD" title="란방공화국 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="란방공화국" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republikken_Lanfang" title="Republikken Lanfang – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Republikken Lanfang" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87" title="สาธารณรัฐหลานฟาง – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สาธารณรัฐหลานฟาง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%E1%BB%99ng_h%C3%B2a_Lan_Ph%C6%B0%C6%A1ng" title="Cộng hòa Lan Phương – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Cộng hòa Lan Phương" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%98%AD%E8%8A%B3%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" title="蘭芳共和國 – 文言文" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="蘭芳共和國" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="文言文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%98%AD%E8%8A%B3%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" title="蘭芳共和國 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="蘭芳共和國" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3233989#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E8%98%AD%E8%8A%B3%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" title="浏览条目正文[c]" accesskey="c"><span>条目</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E8%98%AD%E8%8A%B3%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" rel="discussion" title="关于此页面的讨论[t]" accesskey="t"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="更改语言变体" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span 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class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732972">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}html.client-js body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .mbox-text-span{margin-left:23px!important}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox{border-left-color:#36c!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left-color:#b32424!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#300!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left-color:#f28500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox{border-left-color:#36c!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left-color:#b32424!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#300!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left-color:#f28500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}</style><table class="box-Original_research plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此條目<b>可能包含<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%9D%9E%E5%8E%9F%E5%88%9B%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6" title="Wikipedia:非原创研究">原创研究</a>。</b><span class="hide-when-compact"></span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">2020年1月13日</span>)</i></small><span class="hide-when-compact"><br /><small>请协助補充参考资料、添加<a href="/wiki/Template:Original_research_inline" title="Template:Original research inline">相关内联标签</a>和删除原创研究内容以<a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E8%98%AD%E8%8A%B3%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B&action=edit">改善这篇条目</a>。详细情况请参见<a href="/wiki/Talk:%E8%98%AD%E8%8A%B3%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" title="Talk:蘭芳共和國">讨论页</a>。</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732972"><table class="box-Refimprove plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tango-nosources.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/45px-Tango-nosources.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/68px-Tango-nosources.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/90px-Tango-nosources.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此條目<b>需要补充更多<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源">来源</a></b>。<span class="hide-when-compact"></span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">2020年1月13日</span>)</i></small><span class="hide-when-compact"><br /><small>请协助補充多方面<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E9%9D%A0%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:可靠来源">可靠来源</a>以<a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E8%98%AD%E8%8A%B3%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B&action=edit">改善这篇条目</a>，<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E4%BE%9B%E6%9F%A5%E8%AF%81" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:可供查证">无法查证</a>的内容可能會因為<a href="/wiki/Template:Fact" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Fact">异议提出</a>而被移除。<br />致使用者：请搜索一下条目的标题（来源搜索：<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?&as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22%E8%98%AD%E8%8A%B3%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B%22">"蘭芳共和國"</a> — <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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.ib-country-ethnic,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-religion,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-sovereignty{font-weight:normal;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li2{text-indent:0.5em;margin-left:1em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-website{line-height:11pt}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption3{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn{text-align:left;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style><table class="infobox ib-country vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr"><div class="fn org country-name">蘭芳公司</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader">1777年—1884年</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="noresize" style="display:table; width:100%;"> <div style="display:table-cell; padding:0 2px 0 5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lanfang_Republic_Reconstructed_Flag.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="蘭芳公司国旗"><img alt="蘭芳公司国旗" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Lanfang_Republic_Reconstructed_Flag.svg/125px-Lanfang_Republic_Reconstructed_Flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Lanfang_Republic_Reconstructed_Flag.svg/188px-Lanfang_Republic_Reconstructed_Flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Lanfang_Republic_Reconstructed_Flag.svg/250px-Lanfang_Republic_Reconstructed_Flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1280" /></a></span></div> <div>国旗</div> </div> <div style="display:table-cell; padding:0 5px 0 2px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_Lanfang.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="蘭芳公司印章"><img alt="蘭芳公司印章" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Seal_of_Lanfang.svg/85px-Seal_of_Lanfang.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Seal_of_Lanfang.svg/128px-Seal_of_Lanfang.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Seal_of_Lanfang.svg/170px-Seal_of_Lanfang.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div> <div>印章</div> </div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">地位</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E4%B9%A1%E4%BC%9A%E9%A6%86" title="同乡会馆">自治社群</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B8%85" class="mw-redirect" title="大清">大清</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E8%B4%A1%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="朝贡国">朝贡国</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">首都</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E8%90%AC%E5%BE%8B" title="東萬律">東萬律</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">常用语言</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%A2%E5%AE%B6%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="客家語">客家語</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E4%BE%86%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="馬來語">馬來語</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%8C%97%E5%A9%86%E7%BE%85%E6%B4%B2%E8%AA%9E%E7%BE%A4" title="大北婆羅洲語群">达雅克语</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">政府</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" title="公司共和國">公司共和國</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">大唐总长/大唐客長</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1777–1795 </div></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E8%8A%B3%E4%BC%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="羅芳伯">羅芳伯</a>（首任）</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1880–1884 </div></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%89%E9%98%BF%E7%94%9F" title="劉阿生">刘阿生</a>（末任）</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">历史时期</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="新帝國主義">新帝國主義</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 建立 </div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">1777年</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%B1%9E%E4%B8%9C%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="荷属东印度">荷属东印度</a>吞併 </div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">1884年</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67735281">body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox table{display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox caption{display:table-caption}</style> <table style="width:100%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:center; border:0; padding-bottom:0"><div id="before-after"></div></td> <td style="text-align:center;border:0; padding-bottom:0;"><b>继承</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; border:0;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;border:0;"> <table style="width:92%; background:transparent; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%B1%AC%E6%9D%B1%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6" title="荷屬東印度">荷屬東印度</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">今属于</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E5%B0%BC%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A" title="印度尼西亚">印度尼西亞</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kongsi_map.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Kongsi_map.png/220px-Kongsi_map.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="218" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Kongsi_map.png/330px-Kongsi_map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Kongsi_map.png/440px-Kongsi_map.png 2x" data-file-width="2772" data-file-height="2745" /></a><figcaption>西加里曼丹的<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" title="公司共和國">公司共和国</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:West_Kalimantan_in_Indonesia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/West_Kalimantan_in_Indonesia.svg/220px-West_Kalimantan_in_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/West_Kalimantan_in_Indonesia.svg/330px-West_Kalimantan_in_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/West_Kalimantan_in_Indonesia.svg/440px-West_Kalimantan_in_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="982" data-file-height="450" /></a><figcaption>今<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E5%B0%BC%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A" title="印度尼西亚">印度尼西亚</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%8A%A0%E9%87%8C%E6%9B%BC%E4%B8%B9%E7%9C%81" title="西加里曼丹省">西加里曼丹省</a>，蘭芳共和國故地在其境内</figcaption></figure> <p><b>蘭芳共和國</b>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%A2%E8%AA%9E%E7%99%BD%E8%A9%B1%E5%AD%97" title="客語白話字">客語白話字</a>：Làn-fông Khiung-fò-koet；1777年—1884年；<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E8%AA%9E" title="荷蘭語">荷蘭語</a>：Kongsi Lanfong<sup id="cite_ref-“荷蘭”_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-“荷蘭”-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>），又称<b>蘭芳大統制共和國</b>，是現代學者對<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%A4%96%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="海外華人">海外華人</a>在<a href="/wiki/%E5%A9%86%E7%BE%85%E6%B4%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="婆羅洲">婆羅洲</a>建立的一個社群或政權的稱呼，该社群或政權自稱<b>蘭芳公司</b>或<b>東萬律蘭芳公司總廳<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></b>。1776年，<a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%A3%E6%9D%B1%E7%9C%81" class="mw-redirect" title="廣東省">廣東</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%98%89%E6%87%89%E7%9B%B4%E9%9A%B8%E5%B7%9E" title="嘉應直隸州">嘉應</a>（今<a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%A3%E6%9D%B1%E7%9C%81" class="mw-redirect" title="廣東省">廣東</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%85%E5%B7%9E%E5%B8%82" title="梅州市">梅州</a>）<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%A2%E5%AE%B6%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="客家人">客家人</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E8%8A%B3%E4%BC%AF" title="罗芳伯">羅芳伯</a>在<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="東南亞">東南亞</a>西婆羅洲（今<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E5%B0%BC%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A" title="印度尼西亚">印度尼西亚</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%8A%A0%E9%87%8C%E6%9B%BC%E4%B8%B9%E7%9C%81" title="西加里曼丹省">西加里曼丹省</a>）<a href="/wiki/%E5%9D%A4%E7%94%B8" title="坤甸">坤甸</a>成立了「蘭芳公司」，<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83946278">.mw-parser-output .template-facttext{background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0);color:inherit;margin:-.3em 0;padding:.3em 0}</style><mark class="template-facttext" title="需要提供文献来源">1777年羅芳伯將「公司」片面改為「共和國」</mark><sup class="noprint Template-Fact"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源"><span style="white-space: nowrap;" title="来源请求。">[來源請求]</span></a></sup>，即<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" title="公司共和國">公司共和國</a>，但向清朝稱臣時仍使用「蘭芳公司」。 </p><p>蘭芳共和國建立時，第一任總制是陳蘭伯，第二任總制是羅芳伯，因此又称為「蘭芳大統制共和國」；亦有人因第二任總制羅芳伯而稱其為「<b>芳伯共和國</b>」。<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>1884年，蘭芳公司被荷蘭擊敗而滅亡，殘餘勢力逃至<a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E9%96%80%E7%AD%94%E8%87%98" title="蘇門答臘">蘇門答臘</a>。蘭芳共和國從立國至滅亡，共經歷一百零七年。據說由於顧忌清朝干涉，荷蘭並未公開佔領，而是<mark class="template-facttext"><span title="非常模棱两可或者十分空泛的语句">另立一個傀儡政權</span></mark><sup class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F%E6%89%8B%E5%86%8A/%E4%B8%8D%E8%A6%81%E6%A8%A1%E7%A8%9C%E5%85%A9%E5%8F%AF" title="Wikipedia:格式手冊/不要模稜兩可"><span title="缺少主语或者主语不够具体的语句修正请求"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[谁？]</span></span></a></sup>進行統治。<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83946278"><mark class="template-facttext" title="需要提供文献来源">直到1912年<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%9C%9D%E6%BB%85%E4%BA%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="清朝滅亡">清朝滅亡</a>後，荷蘭才正式宣佈佔領。</mark><sup class="noprint Template-Fact"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源"><span style="white-space: nowrap;" title="来源请求。">[來源請求]</span></a></sup> </p> <style 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.sidebar-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-heading,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-above,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-below{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-color:#54595d!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar a:not(.new):not(.mw-selflink):link{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile vcard" style="width:16em;"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E5%B0%BC%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" title="印度尼西亚历史">印度尼西亚历史</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nicolaes_Visscher_Indiae_Orientalis.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Nicolaes_Visscher_Indiae_Orientalis.jpg/220px-Nicolaes_Visscher_Indiae_Orientalis.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Nicolaes_Visscher_Indiae_Orientalis.jpg/330px-Nicolaes_Visscher_Indiae_Orientalis.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Nicolaes_Visscher_Indiae_Orientalis.jpg/440px-Nicolaes_Visscher_Indiae_Orientalis.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2493" data-file-height="2077" /></a></span><div class="sidebar-caption" style="padding-bottom:0.3em;">----</div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title">史前時代</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"><table class="infobox" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%88%AA%E5%93%87%E7%8C%BF%E4%BA%BA" title="爪哇猿人">爪哇猿人</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%B7%9D%E4%BB%8A" title="距今">距今</a>1,000,000年前</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E7%BE%85%E5%8B%92%E6%96%AF%E4%BA%BA" title="佛羅勒斯人">佛羅勒斯人</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;;">距今94,000年<br />–12,000年前</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E5%B3%87%E5%B7%A8%E7%81%BD%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96" title="多峇巨災理論">多峇大災難</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;;">距今75,000年前</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;;"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="布尼文明" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Buni culture"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B8%83%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%87%E6%98%8E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="布尼文明（页面不存在）">布尼文明</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buni_culture" class="extiw" title="en:Buni culture"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Buni culture</span></a></span>）</span></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;;">公元前400年</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title">印度教–佛教王國</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"><table class="infobox" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E6%B3%B0" title="古泰">古泰</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;;">300年代</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;;"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="达鲁马" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Tarumanagara"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BE%BE%E9%B2%81%E9%A9%AC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="达鲁马（页面不存在）">达鲁马</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarumanagara" class="extiw" title="en:Tarumanagara"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Tarumanagara</span></a></span>）</span></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;;">358年–669年</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%83%E9%99%B5" title="诃陵">訶陵</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;;">6世纪–7世纪</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E4%BD%9B%E9%BD%90" title="三佛齐">三佛齐</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;;">8世纪–13世纪</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%8F%E8%BF%9E%E7%89%B9%E6%8B%89%E7%8E%8B%E5%9B%BD" title="夏连特拉王国">夏连特拉</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;;">9世纪–10世纪</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%BD%E4%BB%96%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B" title="巽他王國">巽他</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;;">669年–1579年</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%89%93%E5%85%B0%E7%8E%8B%E5%9B%BD" title="马打兰王国">马打兰</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;;">752年–1006年</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BA%E9%87%8C%E7%8F%AD" title="固里班">固里班</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;;">1006年–1045年</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%B0%8F%E4%B9%89%E9%87%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="谏义里国">谏义里</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;;">1045年–1221年</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%A1%E8%AF%83%E6%B2%99%E9%87%8C" title="信诃沙里">信诃沙里</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;;">1222年–1292年</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%BB%A1%E8%80%85%E4%BC%AF%E5%A4%B7" title="满者伯夷">满者伯夷</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;;">1293年–1500年</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title">伊斯蘭蘇丹國</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"><table class="infobox" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E5%B0%94%E7%BA%B3%E7%89%B9%E8%8B%8F%E4%B8%B9%E5%9B%BD" title="特尔纳特苏丹国">特尔纳特</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;;">1257年至今</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E6%9C%A8%E9%83%BD%E5%89%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="苏木都剌国">苏木都剌</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;;">1267年–1521年</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%AD%E7%94%B2%E8%8B%8F%E4%B8%B9%E5%9B%BD" title="马六甲苏丹国">马六甲</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;;">1400年–1511年</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%95%E9%87%8C%E6%B1%B6%E8%8B%8F%E4%B8%B9%E5%9B%BD" title="井里汶苏丹国">井里汶</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;;">1445年–1677年</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%A1%E7%9B%AE%E8%8B%8F%E4%B8%B9%E5%9B%BD" title="淡目苏丹国">淡目</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;;">1475年–1548年</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E9%BD%8A%E8%98%87%E4%B8%B9%E5%9C%8B" title="亞齊蘇丹國">亚齐</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;;">1496年–1903年</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;;"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="帕迦鲁荣" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Pagaruyung Kingdom"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B8%95%E8%BF%A6%E9%B2%81%E8%8D%A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="帕迦鲁荣（页面不存在）">帕迦鲁荣</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagaruyung_Kingdom" class="extiw" title="en:Pagaruyung Kingdom"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Pagaruyung Kingdom</span></a></span>）</span></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;;">1500年–1825年</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%90%AC%E4%B8%B9%E8%98%87%E4%B8%B9%E5%9C%8B" title="萬丹蘇丹國">万丹</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;;">1526年–1813年</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%89%93%E5%85%B0%E8%8B%8F%E4%B8%B9%E5%9B%BD" title="马打兰苏丹国">马打蓝</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;;">1586年–1755年</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title">華人公司聯邦</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"><table class="infobox" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%92%8C%E9%A0%86%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="和順共和國（页面不存在）">和順共和國</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;;">1776年–1854年</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">蘭芳共和國</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;;">1777年–1854年</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;;"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="三條溝公司" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Santiaogou Republic"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%89%E6%A2%9D%E6%BA%9D%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="三條溝公司（页面不存在）">三條溝公司</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santiaogou_Republic" class="extiw" title="en:Santiaogou Republic"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Santiaogou Republic</span></a></span>）</span></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;;">1777年–1853年</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title">殖民时期</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"><table class="infobox" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;;"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="印度尼西亚的葡萄牙殖民主义" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Portuguese colonialism in Indonesia"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E5%B0%BC%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E7%9A%84%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%89%99%E6%AE%96%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="印度尼西亚的葡萄牙殖民主义（页面不存在）">葡萄牙入侵</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portuguese_colonialism_in_Indonesia" class="extiw" title="en:Portuguese colonialism in Indonesia"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Portuguese colonialism in Indonesia</span></a></span>）</span></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;;">1512年–1850年</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E4%B8%9C%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8" title="荷兰东印度公司">荷兰东印度公司</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;;">1602年–1800年</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%B1%AC%E6%9D%B1%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6" title="荷屬東印度">荷屬東印度</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;;">1800年–1942年</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%B1%AC%E6%9D%B1%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E6%97%A5%E4%BD%94%E6%99%82%E6%9C%9F" title="荷屬東印度日佔時期">日据时期</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;;">1942年–1945年</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E5%B0%BC%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD" title="印度尼西亚民族革命">独立战争</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;;">1945年–1950年</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title">独立时期</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"><table class="infobox" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;;"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="印度尼西亚自由民主时期" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Liberal democracy period in Indonesia"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E5%B0%BC%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E6%97%B6%E6%9C%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="印度尼西亚自由民主时期（页面不存在）">民主自由时期</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberal_democracy_period_in_Indonesia" class="extiw" title="en:Liberal democracy period in Indonesia"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Liberal democracy period in Indonesia</span></a></span>）</span></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;;">1950年–1957年</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;;"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="印度尼西亚民主引导时期" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Guided Democracy in Indonesia"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E5%B0%BC%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E5%BC%95%E5%AF%BC%E6%97%B6%E6%9C%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="印度尼西亚民主引导时期（页面不存在）">民主引导时期</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guided_Democracy_in_Indonesia" class="extiw" title="en:Guided Democracy in Indonesia"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Guided Democracy in Indonesia</span></a></span>）</span></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;;">1957年–1965年</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E7%A7%A9%E5%BA%8F_(%E5%8D%B0%E5%B0%BC)" class="mw-redirect" title="新秩序 (印尼)">苏哈托时期</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;;">1966年–1998年</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;;"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="后苏哈托时期" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Post-Suharto era"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%90%8E%E8%8B%8F%E5%93%88%E6%89%98%E6%97%B6%E6%9C%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="后苏哈托时期（页面不存在）">后苏哈托时期</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post-Suharto_era" class="extiw" title="en:Post-Suharto era"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Post-Suharto era</span></a></span>）</span></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;;">1998年至今</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="line-height:1.6"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84244141">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output 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.navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%8D%B0%E5%B0%BC%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" title="Template:印尼历史"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E5%8D%B0%E5%B0%BC%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" title="Template talk:印尼历史"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E5%8D%B0%E5%B0%BC%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:印尼历史"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="歷史"><span id=".E6.AD.B7.E5.8F.B2"></span>歷史</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%98%AD%E8%8A%B3%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：歷史"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>18世紀，西<a href="/wiki/%E5%A9%86%E7%BE%85%E6%B4%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="婆羅洲">婆羅洲</a>的各<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E4%B8%B9%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="苏丹国">蘇丹國</a>進口大量<a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="華人">華人</a>苦力到南洋挖掘金礦與錫礦，由於有荷蘭殖民者進行騷擾，所以當地有華人社團從廣東招請<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%98%E7%B7%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="團練">團練</a>，來到南洋擔當類似<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E9%91%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="保鑣">保鑣</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E5%82%AD%E5%85%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="傭兵">傭兵</a>的角色，逐漸形成所謂「公司」的組織。又以<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%A2%E5%AE%B6%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="客家人">客家人</a>族群由於習武風氣盛又相當團結有嚴格紀律，故頗受歡迎，影響力甚大，當中勢力最大的是蘭芳公司。根據荷蘭學者Veth等人的說法，大約在十八世紀四十年代，婆羅洲<a href="/wiki/%E5%96%83%E5%90%A7%E5%93%87%E7%B8%A3" title="喃吧哇縣">喃吧哇</a>（Mampawa）酋長首次從汶萊招募十幾名華人開發當地金礦，結果非常成功，<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="三發蘇丹國" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Sultanate of Sambas"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%89%E7%99%BC%E8%98%87%E4%B8%B9%E5%9C%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="三發蘇丹國（页面不存在）">三發</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sultanate_of_Sambas" class="extiw" title="en:Sultanate of Sambas"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Sultanate of Sambas</span></a></span>）</span></span>（今<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E7%99%BC%E7%B8%A3" title="三發縣">三發縣</a>）蘇丹也跟著效倣。<sup id="cite_ref-“客家”_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-“客家”-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>清朝乾隆年間中后期，廣東<a href="/wiki/%E5%98%89%E6%87%89%E5%B7%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="嘉應州">嘉應州</a>（今梅州市<a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%85%E7%B8%A3%E5%8D%80" class="mw-redirect" title="梅縣區">梅縣區</a>）人<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%90%B3%E5%85%83%E7%9B%9B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="吳元盛（页面不存在）">吳元盛</a>因为谋划发动起义事泄，因而逃亡到<a href="/wiki/%E5%A9%86%E7%BE%85%E6%B4%B2%E5%B3%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="婆羅洲島">婆罗洲島</a>，在當地創建了很有影響力的“聚勝公司”，成為該公司首領。後來其下屬<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E8%8A%B3%E4%BC%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="羅芳伯">羅芳伯</a>的聲望逐漸超過吳元盛，反而成為吳元盛的上司，羅芳伯遂成立<b>蘭芳公司</b>。<sup id="cite_ref-Heidhues2003_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Heidhues2003-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:64-65</sup> </p><p>一般認為是因為羅芳伯協助蘇丹平定謀反的土人，蘇丹公開約為兄弟，受到重視。後來居<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E6%99%AE%E9%98%BF%E6%96%AF%E6%B2%B3" title="卡普阿斯河">卡普阿斯河</a>（Kapuas）下游的土酋有侮蔑華人之舉，羅芳伯部下吳元盛率軍平息後，蘇丹知不敵，難以駕馭，於是裂土而分治之。羅芳伯所統轄土地東界萬勞（Molor），西界卡普阿斯河，南界大院（又译为戴燕Tayan，今上侯縣上下<a href="/wiki/%E6%88%B4%E7%87%95" title="戴燕">戴燕鎮</a>）、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E4%BE%AF%E7%B8%A3" title="上侯縣">上候</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%94%E5%8A%A0%E7%BE%85%E7%B8%A3" title="昔加羅縣">雙溝月</a>（Sekadau），北界勞勞（Lara）、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E5%8F%A3%E6%B4%8B" title="山口洋">山口洋</a>（Singkawang）。<sup id="cite_ref-“客家”_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-“客家”-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>隨著<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="荷蘭">荷蘭</a>勢力進入現代<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E5%B0%BC%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="印度尼西亞">印度尼西亞</a>區域，羅芳伯於1777年在<a href="/wiki/%E5%9D%A4%E7%94%B8" title="坤甸">坤甸</a>成立<b>蘭芳大統制共和國</b><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83946278"><sup class="noprint Template-Fact"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源"><span style="white-space: nowrap;" title="来源请求。">[來源請求]</span></a></sup>，以保護華人移民免受荷蘭人的壓迫，他被推舉爲擔任第一任大總長。羅芳伯知道<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E4%BA%BA" title="荷蘭人">荷蘭人</a>對<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%9C%9D" title="清朝">清朝</a>仍然顧忌，所以在立國之初就立即向大清稱臣，並派員前往北京<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E8%B2%A2" title="朝貢">朝貢</a>。但担心清政府可能会有所不满，羅芳伯向清朝稱臣時決定仍使用「蘭芳公司」之名，而非「蘭芳大統制共和國」<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83946278"><sup class="noprint Template-Fact"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源"><span style="white-space: nowrap;" title="来源请求。">[來源請求]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>1783年，由於坤甸河北部的戴燕（Tayan）國王很殘暴，人民都怨恨他。吳元盛前往殺死原戴燕王國國王，被當地民眾擁立為戴燕王國國王，被派駐在在坤甸河北部的戴燕王國領地，王位世襲，傳四位（吴元盛、吴元盛之妻、吴元盛之子、吴元盛之孫），共70餘年。 </p><p>1795年，羅芳伯病故後，由<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B1%9F%E6%88%8A%E4%BC%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="江戊伯（页面不存在）">江戊伯</a>繼任其位。後來由於清政府在外交上多次失利，<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%B3%95%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="中法戰爭">中法戰爭</a>爆發，荷蘭人認爲此時清朝無力再顧及境外的事，於是<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="荷蘭">荷蘭</a>開始部署征服行動。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="荷蘭">荷蘭</a>的征服包括三場主要戰役：<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ol><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="西婆羅洲遠征" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Expedition to the West Coast of Borneo"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E5%A9%86%E7%BE%85%E6%B4%B2%E9%81%A0%E5%BE%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="西婆羅洲遠征（页面不存在）">西婆羅洲遠征</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expedition_to_the_West_Coast_of_Borneo" class="extiw" title="en:Expedition to the West Coast of Borneo"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Expedition to the West Coast of Borneo</span></a></span>）</span></span>（1822–1824年）</li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="蒙脱拉度遠征" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Expedition against the Chinese in Montrado"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%92%99%E8%84%B1%E6%8B%89%E5%BA%A6%E9%81%A0%E5%BE%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="蒙脱拉度遠征（页面不存在）">蒙脱拉度遠征</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expedition_against_the_Chinese_in_Montrado" class="extiw" title="en:Expedition against the Chinese in Montrado"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Expedition against the Chinese in Montrado</span></a></span>）</span></span>（1850–1854年）</li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="婆羅洲東万律華人起義" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Chinese uprising in Mandor, Borneo"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A9%86%E7%BE%85%E6%B4%B2%E6%9D%B1%E4%B8%87%E5%BE%8B%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA%E8%B5%B7%E7%BE%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="婆羅洲東万律華人起義（页面不存在）">婆羅洲東万律華人起義</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_uprising_in_Mandor,_Borneo" class="extiw" title="en:Chinese uprising in Mandor, Borneo"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Chinese uprising in Mandor, Borneo</span></a></span>）</span></span>（1884–1885年）<sup id="cite_ref-LLC2010_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LLC2010-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ol> <p>1884年，荷蘭征服蘭芳共和國，蘭芳共和國雖進行了抵抗，但因武器技術遠落後於歐洲殖民者而失敗，其殘餘勢力逃至<a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E9%96%80%E7%AD%94%E8%87%98" title="蘇門答臘">蘇門答臘</a>。荷蘭並未公開宣稱已佔領蘭芳地區，而是另立了一個傀儡政權<sup class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F%E6%89%8B%E5%86%8A/%E4%B8%8D%E8%A6%81%E6%A8%A1%E7%A8%9C%E5%85%A9%E5%8F%AF" title="Wikipedia:格式手冊/不要模稜兩可"><span title="缺少主语或者主语不够具体的语句修正请求"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[谁？]</span></span></a></sup>以便進行統治。 </p><p>直到1912年清朝滅亡、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2#建國之初" title="中華民國歷史">中華民國成立</a>後，荷蘭才正式宣佈對蘭芳國的佔領。<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83946278"><sup class="noprint Template-Fact"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源"><span style="white-space: nowrap;" title="来源请求。">[來源請求]</span></a></sup>蘭芳共和國自立國至滅亡，共經歷一百零七年。逃往蘇門答臘的部分華人隨後往東北邊遷徙，並於<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E4%BE%86%E5%8D%8A%E5%B3%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="馬來半島">馬來半島</a>定居。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="制度"><span id=".E5.88.B6.E5.BA.A6"></span>制度</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%98%AD%E8%8A%B3%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：制度"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>蘭芳共和國組織類似中國的<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%95%E5%AF%86%E6%9C%83%E7%A4%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="祕密會社">祕密會社</a>，譬如<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E5%9C%B0%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="天地會">天地會</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%92%E5%B9%AB" title="青幫">青幫</a>。蘭芳大統制共和國以<a href="/wiki/%E5%9D%A4%E7%94%B8" title="坤甸">坤甸</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E8%90%AC%E5%BE%8B" title="東萬律">東萬律</a>為首都，並將立國之時，1777年當年定為「蘭芳元年」。<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E5%85%83%E9%A6%96" title="國家元首">國家元首</a>稱「大唐總長」或是「大唐客長」<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，意思是華人作客海外的首長，且「國之大事皆眾議而行」，以類似於<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB" title="民主">民主</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%B8%E8%88%89" title="選舉">選舉</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%AA%E8%AE%93" class="mw-redirect" title="禪讓">禪讓</a>的形式傳承。<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83946278"><mark class="template-facttext" title="需要提供文献来源">前後歷任十二位總長。共和國下轄的行政區劃為三級（省、州、縣），各級領導都由人民選舉產生。蘭芳共和國沒有<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%B8%E5%A4%87%E5%86%9B" title="常备军">常備軍</a>，但有一個軍事行政管理單位，以<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B5%E5%85%B5%E5%88%B6" title="徵兵制">徵兵制</a>管理民兵。在安定時期，民兵如常從事農業、生產、貿易和採礦等經濟活動。</mark><sup class="noprint Template-Fact"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源"><span style="white-space: nowrap;" title="来源请求。">[來源請求]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="歷任總長"><span id=".E6.AD.B7.E4.BB.BB.E7.B8.BD.E9.95.B7"></span>歷任總長</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%98%AD%E8%8A%B3%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：歷任總長"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%98%AD%E8%8A%B3" title="蘭芳">蘭芳</a>元年（<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%BE%E9%9A%86" title="乾隆">乾隆</a>四十二年，1776年），<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E8%8A%B3%E4%BC%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="羅芳伯">羅芳伯</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E8%AA%9E" title="荷蘭語">荷蘭語</a>：De thaiko<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lo Fong-phak.）稱大唐總長。</li> <li>蘭芳十九年（1795年），<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B1%9F%E6%88%8A%E4%BC%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="江戊伯（页面不存在）">江戊伯</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E8%AA%9E" title="荷蘭語">荷蘭語</a>：De thaiko Kong Meeuw-pak）繼任。</li> <li>蘭芳二十三年（1799年），<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%97%95%E5%9B%9B%E4%BC%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="闕四伯（页面不存在）">闕四伯</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E8%AA%9E" title="荷蘭語">荷蘭語</a>：De thaiko Khiët Si-pak）繼任。</li> <li>蘭芳二十八年（1804年），<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B1%9F%E6%88%8A%E4%BC%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="江戊伯（页面不存在）">江戊伯</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E8%AA%9E" title="荷蘭語">荷蘭語</a>：De thaiko Kong Meeuw-pak）復任。</li> <li>蘭芳三十五年（1811年），<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%8B%E6%8F%92%E4%BC%AF" title="宋插伯">宋插伯</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E8%AA%9E" title="荷蘭語">荷蘭語</a>：De thaiko Soeng Tshap-pak）繼任。</li> <li>蘭芳四十七年（1823年），<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8A%89%E5%8F%B0%E4%BA%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="劉台二（页面不存在）">劉台二</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E8%AA%9E" title="荷蘭語">荷蘭語</a>：De kapthai<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lioe Thoi-ni）繼任。</li> <li>蘭芳六十二年（1838年），<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A4%E5%85%AD%E4%BC%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="古六伯（页面不存在）">古六伯</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E8%AA%9E" title="荷蘭語">荷蘭語</a>：De kapthai Koe Liok）繼任。</li> <li>蘭芳六十六年（1842年），<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AC%9D%E6%A1%82%E8%8A%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="謝桂芳（页面不存在）">謝桂芳</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E8%AA%9E" title="荷蘭語">荷蘭語</a>：De kapthai Tshia Kwi-fong）繼任。</li> <li>蘭芳六十七年（1843年），<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%91%89%E9%A8%B0%E8%BC%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="葉騰輝（页面不存在）">葉騰輝</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E8%AA%9E" title="荷蘭語">荷蘭語</a>：De kapthai Yep Thin-foei）繼任。</li> <li>蘭芳六十九年（1845年），<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8A%89%E4%B9%BE%E8%88%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="劉乾興（页面不存在）">劉乾興</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E8%AA%9E" title="荷蘭語">荷蘭語</a>：De kapthai Lioe Khon-sjien）繼任。</li> <li>蘭芳七十二年（1848年），<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%89%E9%98%BF%E7%94%9F" title="劉阿生">劉阿生</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E8%AA%9E" title="荷蘭語">荷蘭語</a>：De kapthai Lioe A-sin）繼任。</li> <li>蘭芳一百年（1876年），<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8A%89%E4%BA%AE%E5%AE%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="劉亮官（页面不存在）">劉亮官</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E8%AA%9E" title="荷蘭語">荷蘭語</a>：De kapthai Lioe Liong-kwon）繼任。</li> <li>蘭芳一百零四年（1880年），<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%89%E9%98%BF%E7%94%9F" title="劉阿生">劉阿生</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E8%AA%9E" title="荷蘭語">荷蘭語</a>：De kapthai Lioe A-sin）復任。</li> <li>蘭芳一百零八年（1884年），滅亡。<sup id="cite_ref-ReidAlilunas-Rodgers1996_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReidAlilunas-Rodgers1996-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-“荷蘭”_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-“荷蘭”-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="早期學者對蘭芳的介紹"><span id=".E6.97.A9.E6.9C.9F.E5.AD.B8.E8.80.85.E5.B0.8D.E8.98.AD.E8.8A.B3.E7.9A.84.E4.BB.8B.E7.B4.B9"></span>早期學者對蘭芳的介紹</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%98%AD%E8%8A%B3%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：早期學者對蘭芳的介紹"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>謝清高《海錄》中說謝氏曾親到其地，但有學者認爲該文並非謝氏自己的回憶錄，可能是作者摘記報章或記錄他人談話內容而成的一篇資料集。<sup id="cite_ref-:0_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:6-9</sup></li></ul> <ul><li>羅芳伯同鄉<a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%85%E7%B8%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="梅縣">梅縣</a><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BD%99%E7%80%BE%E9%A6%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="余瀾馨（页面不存在）">余瀾馨</a>著有《羅芳伯傳》。<sup id="cite_ref-:0_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:75-77</sup></li></ul> <ul><li>最早使蘭芳在中國產生較大影響的是<a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%81%E5%95%9F%E8%B6%85" class="mw-redirect" title="梁啟超">梁啟超</a>的《中國殖民八大偉人傳》，「八大偉人」之一即為「陳蘭芳」（疑為陳蘭伯和羅芳伯之誤）。其中並未稱蘭芳政權為「<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="共和國">共和國</a>」，只說「自立國家，擇其長老者稱為公司」，稱「陳蘭芳」為「昆甸國王」、「族党頭目，如土酋」。<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%99%E6%9E%97" class="mw-redirect" title="羅香林">羅香林</a><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>提出蘭芳公司是一個「共和國」，其首領由公眾選舉產生，類似於「大統制」、「大統領」，<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>使「蘭芳共和國」的概念廣為人知。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="评价"><span id=".E8.AF.84.E4.BB.B7"></span>评价</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%98%AD%E8%8A%B3%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：评价"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>學者廖敏淑認為蘭芳公司只是一個開礦的移民社群組織，無異於會館、公所，且協助當地荷蘭殖民政府執行著課稅等職責。荷蘭人「認為蘭芳公司的制度源自於中國村社，而中國村社是民主又獨立的『小共和國』」，所以荷蘭人稱蘭芳公司為「共和國」。<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>廖敏淑認為：「把蘭芳公司視為『共和國』、將其領袖『客長』等同為大總統，或許是學者過於溢美了。」<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參見"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.A6.8B"></span>參見</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%98%AD%E8%8A%B3%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：參見"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9D%A4%E7%94%B8%E8%8B%8F%E4%B8%B9%E5%9B%BD" title="坤甸苏丹国">坤甸苏丹国</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="附註"><span id=".E9.99.84.E8.A8.BB"></span>附註</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%98%AD%E8%8A%B3%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：附註"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-count references-column-count-2" style="-moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/19991009132305/http://www.asiawind.com/hakka/lanfang.htm">Lan Fang Republic</a>. www.asiawind.com. 15 February 1998 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">21 June</span> 2022]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.asiawind.com/hakka/lanfang.htm">原始内容</a>存档于9 October 1999）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%98%AD%E8%8A%B3%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B&rft.atitle=Lan+Fang+Republic&rft.date=1998-02-15&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.asiawind.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.asiawind.com%2Fhakka%2Flanfang.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-“荷蘭”-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-“荷蘭”_2-0"><sup><b>2.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-“荷蘭”_2-1"><sup><b>2.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Groot, J.J.M. (1885), Het Kongsiwezen van Borneo: eene verhandeling over den grondslag en den aard der chineesche politieke vereenigingen in de koloniën, The Hague: M. Nijhof.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">来源：兰芳公司历代年册 Groot, J.J.M. (1885), Het Kongsiwezen van Borneo: eene verhandeling over den grondslag en den aard der chineesche politieke vereenigingen in de koloniën, The Hague: M. Nijhof.Page 53</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%8F%E6%A5%8A" title="柏楊">柏楊</a>. 第三十一章第十八世紀. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924101528/http://www.shuku.net:8082/novels/history/zgrsgtwby/zgsg31.html">中國人史綱（下）</a>. 遠流出版. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2015-01-25</span>]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9789573247531" title="Special:网络书源/9789573247531"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 9789573247531</a>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shuku.net:8082/novels/history/zgrsgtwby/zgsg31.html">原始内容</a>存档于2015-09-24）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%98%AD%E8%8A%B3%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B&rft.atitle=%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%80%E7%AB%A0+%E7%AC%AC%E5%8D%81%E5%85%AB%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80&rft.au=%E6%9F%8F%E6%A5%8A&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%B2%E7%B6%B1%EF%BC%88%E4%B8%8B%EF%BC%89&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.isbn=9789573247531&rft.pub=%E9%81%A0%E6%B5%81%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.shuku.net%3A8082%2Fnovels%2Fhistory%2Fzgrsgtwby%2Fzgsg31.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-“客家”-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-“客家”_5-0"><sup><b>5.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-“客家”_5-1"><sup><b>5.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation conference">張維安; 張容嘉. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hakka.ncu.edu.tw/hakkastudy/periodical/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/3-1-3客家人的大伯公-蘭芳公司的羅芳伯及其事業.pdf">客家人的大伯公: 蘭芳公司的羅芳伯及其事業</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. 客家研究: 57～88. 2009年6月 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2022-03-05</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210725075653/http://hakka.ncu.edu.tw/hakkastudy/periodical/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/3-1-3%E5%AE%A2%E5%AE%B6%E4%BA%BA%E7%9A%84%E5%A4%A7%E4%BC%AF%E5%85%AC-%E8%98%AD%E8%8A%B3%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8%E7%9A%84%E7%BE%85%E8%8A%B3%E4%BC%AF%E5%8F%8A%E5%85%B6%E4%BA%8B%E6%A5%AD.pdf">存档</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>于2021-07-25）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%98%AD%E8%8A%B3%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B&rft.au=%E5%BC%B5%E5%AE%B9%E5%98%89&rft.au=%E5%BC%B5%E7%B6%AD%E5%AE%89&rft.btitle=%E5%AE%A2%E5%AE%B6%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6&rft.date=2009-06&rft.genre=conference&rft.pages=57%EF%BD%9E88&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhakka.ncu.edu.tw%2Fhakkastudy%2Fperiodical%2Fwordpress%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2016%2F09%2F3-1-3%E5%AE%A2%E5%AE%B6%E4%BA%BA%E7%9A%84%E5%A4%A7%E4%BC%AF%E5%85%AC-%E8%98%AD%E8%8A%B3%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8%E7%9A%84%E7%BE%85%E8%8A%B3%E4%BC%AF%E5%8F%8A%E5%85%B6%E4%BA%8B%E6%A5%AD.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Heidhues2003-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Heidhues2003_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Mary F. Somers Heidhues. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=4WK2s2ogHEAC">Golddiggers, Farmers, and Traders in the "Chinese Districts" of West Kalimantan, Indonesia</a>. SEAP Publications. 2003年. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-87727-733-0" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-87727-733-0"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-0-87727-733-0</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">（英语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%98%AD%E8%8A%B3%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B&rft.au=Mary+F.+Somers+Heidhues&rft.btitle=Golddiggers%2C+Farmers%2C+and+Traders+in+the+%22Chinese+Districts%22+of+West+Kalimantan%2C+Indonesia&rft.date=2003&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-87727-733-0&rft.pub=SEAP+Publications&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4WK2s2ogHEAC&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Agustinus B. da Costa. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2009/11/29/a-nation039s-history-discrimination.html"><i>A nation's history of discrimination</i></a>. 《<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%85%E5%8A%A0%E8%BE%BE%E9%82%AE%E6%8A%A5" title="雅加达邮报">雅加達郵報</a>》. 2009-11-29 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-20</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141220171513/http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2009/11/29/a-nation039s-history-discrimination.html">存档</a>于2014-12-20）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%98%AD%E8%8A%B3%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B&rft.atitle=A+nation%27s+history+of+discrimination&rft.au=Agustinus+B.+da+Costa&rft.date=2009-11-29&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thejakartapost.com%2Fnews%2F2009%2F11%2F29%2Fa-nation039s-history-discrimination.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">（英文）</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LLC2010-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LLC2010_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Books, LLC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=FbdJSwAACAAJ"><span></span><i>Chinese Diaspor: Batavia Massacre, Chinese Uprising in Mandor, Borneo</i><span></span></a>. General Books LLC. September 2010. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-1-157-79797-5" title="Special:网络书源/978-1-157-79797-5"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-1-157-79797-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%98%AD%E8%8A%B3%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B&rft.au=Books%2C+LLC&rft.btitle=Chinese+Diaspor%3A+Batavia+Massacre%2C+Chinese+Uprising+in+Mandor%2C+Borneo&rft.date=2010-09&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-1-157-79797-5&rft.pub=General+Books+LLC&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFbdJSwAACAAJ&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">（英文）</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ap6.pccu.edu.tw/Encyclopedia/data.asp?id=6072">蘭芳大總制</a>. 中華百科全書. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-21</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304234435/http://ap6.pccu.edu.tw/Encyclopedia/data.asp?id=6072">存档</a>于2016-03-04）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%98%AD%E8%8A%B3%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B&rft.atitle=%E8%98%AD%E8%8A%B3%E5%A4%A7%E7%B8%BD%E5%88%B6&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E6%9B%B8&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fap6.pccu.edu.tw%2FEncyclopedia%2Fdata.asp%3Fid%3D6072&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sinchew.com.my/qingyi85/page.php?p=page11">下南洋：精彩摘錄</a>. <a href="/wiki/%E6%98%9F%E6%B4%B2%E6%97%A5%E5%A0%B1" title="星洲日報">星洲日報</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-21</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140412145413/http://www.sinchew.com.my/qingyi85/page.php?p=page11">存档</a>于2014-04-12）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%98%AD%E8%8A%B3%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B&rft.atitle=%E4%B8%8B%E5%8D%97%E6%B4%8B%EF%BC%9A%E7%B2%BE%E5%BD%A9%E6%91%98%E9%8C%84&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sinchew.com.my%2Fqingyi85%2Fpage.php%3Fp%3Dpage11&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thaiko，漢字：太哥，荷蘭語：oudere broeder。De uitdrukking wordt evenwel steeds overdrachtelijk gebezigd tegenover iemand dien men eerbiedgt, dus jegens een primus inter pares. Dat de vroegste bestuurshoofden van de Lanfong-kongsi dien titel droegen, getuigt sterk voor den republikeinschen geest, die hare leden samenbond</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">kapthai，漢字：甲太</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReidAlilunas-Rodgers1996-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ReidAlilunas-Rodgers1996_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Anthony Reid; Kristine Alilunas-Rodgers. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=YFIGVqZ9ZKsC&pg=169"><span></span><i>Sojourners and Settlers: Histories of Southeast China and the Chinese</i><span></span></a>. University of Hawaii Press. 1996年: 169. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-8248-2446-4" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-8248-2446-4"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-0-8248-2446-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%98%AD%E8%8A%B3%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B&rft.au=Anthony+Reid&rft.au=Kristine+Alilunas-Rodgers&rft.btitle=Sojourners+and+Settlers%3A+Histories+of+Southeast+China+and+the+Chinese&rft.date=1996&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-8248-2446-4&rft.pages=169&rft.pub=University+of+Hawaii+Press&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYFIGVqZ9ZKsC%26pg%3D169&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">（英文）</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_14-0"><sup><b>14.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_14-1"><sup><b>14.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">周云水; 林峰. 客家学研究丛书第3辑西婆罗洲华人公司史料辑录. <a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%BF%E5%B7%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="广州">广州</a>: 暨南大学出版社. 2018. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-7-5668-2152-2" title="Special:网络书源/978-7-5668-2152-2"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-7-5668-2152-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%98%AD%E8%8A%B3%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B&rft.au=%E5%91%A8%E4%BA%91%E6%B0%B4&rft.au=%E6%9E%97%E5%B3%B0&rft.btitle=%E5%AE%A2%E5%AE%B6%E5%AD%A6%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E4%B8%9B%E4%B9%A6+%E7%AC%AC3%E8%BE%91+%E8%A5%BF%E5%A9%86%E7%BD%97%E6%B4%B2%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8%E5%8F%B2%E6%96%99%E8%BE%91%E5%BD%95&rft.date=2018&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-7-5668-2152-2&rft.place=%E5%B9%BF%E5%B7%9E&rft.pub=%E6%9A%A8%E5%8D%97%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">梁啟超《中國殖民八大偉人傳》：「昆甸国王陈兰芳，广东人，乾嘉间经商昆甸，才武有大略。是时，昆甸虽属荷兰，但以兵驻守海口商市，而山内地尚辖于土酋。会国中大乱，兰芳倡义率众平之。土番及华侨共推为主。军服仪饰，略仿中国。有华人游其地，遇王于途，讶其不类土番，询诸人乃知为陈兰芳云。余曩览某日报，见其载陈兰芳事，今犹记其概于此。按西人所撰万国地理全图集言嘉应州人，往婆罗开矿，穿山开道，自立国家，择其长老者称为公司，限一年二年办国政，又每月统纪传言婆罗为诸岛之至大者，其山内有大湖，广东数万人住此湖之阿纳地方，开金山探金沙，因恐土番之狠，设族党头目，如土酋管治其民。又外国史略言，婆罗岛内地多高山，每年掘金沙者甚众，其中汉人自立长领，不服他国。此皆道光时人之书，並云该岛内地，汉人能自立国。陈兰芳则势力尤大而特著者也。」</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">出自《羅芳伯所建婆羅洲坤甸蘭芳大總制考》(長沙：商務印書館，1941)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">廖敏淑《清代商工群體中的客長》（<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/bitstream/140.119/73389/1/1-34.pdf）：「或許是受到當時荷蘭人認為蘭芳公司是『共和國』想法的影響，某些學者認為蘭芳公司成員以公推方式選出『客長』的慣例，具有『民主』的性質，而該團體也被視為是具有自治精神的組織，例如羅香林(1906-1978)主張蘭芳公司就是一個「共和國」，甚至認為蘭芳公司的歷代『大唐客長』(或稱「大唐總長」)均由公眾選舉方式產生，這樣的選舉制度相當於『共和國』大統領(大總統)制度的『大總制』。」">http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/bitstream/140.119/73389/1/1-34.pdf）：「或許是受到當時荷蘭人認為蘭芳公司是『共和國』想法的影響，某些學者認為蘭芳公司成員以公推方式選出『客長』的慣例，具有『民主』的性質，而該團體也被視為是具有自治精神的組織，例如羅香林(1906-1978)主張蘭芳公司就是一個「共和國」，甚至認為蘭芳公司的歷代『大唐客長』(或稱「大唐總長」)均由公眾選舉方式產生，這樣的選舉制度相當於『共和國』大統領(大總統)制度的『大總制』。」</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20190502195718/http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/bitstream/140.119/73389/1/1-34.pdf%EF%BC%89%EF%BC%9A">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">廖敏淑《清代商工群體中的客長》（<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/bitstream/140.119/73389/1/1-34.pdf）：">http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/bitstream/140.119/73389/1/1-34.pdf）：</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20190502195718/http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/bitstream/140.119/73389/1/1-34.pdf%EF%BC%89%EF%BC%9A">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）「蘭芳公司歷代公司理事(大唐客長)均由公眾選舉(公推)方式產生，加上具有軍事、警察力量，因此當時的荷蘭人甚至把蘭芳公司視為一個『共和國』，他們認為蘭芳公司的制度源自於中國村社，而中國村社是民主又獨立的『小共和國』，在中國村社中找不到朝廷任命的人員，政府通過公眾選舉出來的村社首腦進行統治，村社首腦統帥警務、維持公共秩序和風俗禮節、排解糾紛等等，中國人民對此制度感到自豪，即使出國也要把這種獨立的村社制度建立起來，而婆羅洲的公司只不過是其祖國村社制度的一種複本而已。」「而且如同在國內的客長協助政府官員執行徵收稅費等職責一般，海外客長也協助當地荷蘭殖民政府執行著課稅等職責。」</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">廖敏淑《清代商工群體中的客長》，第23頁。</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參考文獻"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8D.BB"></span>參考文獻</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%98%AD%E8%8A%B3%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：參考文獻"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r80540462">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-100{font-size:100%}</style><div class="refbegin columns references-column-count references-column-count-2" style="-moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2;"> <ul><li><cite id="CITEREFBlusséZurndorferErik_Jan_Zürcher（英语：-{Erik-Jan_Zürcher}-）1993" class="citation book">Blussé, Léonard; Zurndorfer, Harriet Thelma; <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Erik-Jan Zürcher" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Erik-Jan Zürcher"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erik-Jan_Z%C3%BCrcher&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Erik-Jan Zürcher（页面不存在）">Erik Jan Zürcher</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erik-Jan_Z%C3%BCrcher" class="extiw" title="en:Erik-Jan Zürcher"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Erik-Jan Zürcher</span></a></span>）</span></span> (编). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pXLO2k1oaPsC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false">Conflict and Accommodation in Early Modern East Asia: Essays in Honour of Erik Zürcher</a>. Volume 29 of Sinica Leidensia illustrated. BRILL. 1993 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">24 April</span> 2014]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9004097759" title="Special:网络书源/9004097759"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 9004097759</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210504144117/https://books.google.com/books?id=pXLO2k1oaPsC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false">存档</a>于2021-05-04）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%98%AD%E8%8A%B3%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B&rft.au=%3Cspan+class%3D%22ilh-all+%22+data-orig-title%3D%22Erik-Jan+Z%C3%BCrcher%22+data-lang-code%3D%22en%22+data-lang-name%3D%22%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD%22+data-foreign-title%3D%22Erik-Jan+Z%C3%BCrcher%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22ilh-page%22%3EErik+Jan+Z%C3%BCrcher%3C%2Fspan%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22noprint+ilh-comment%22%3E%EF%BC%88%3Cspan+class%3D%22ilh-lang%22%3E%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD%3C%2Fspan%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22ilh-colon%22%3E%EF%BC%9A%3C%2Fspan%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22ilh-link%22%3E-%7B%3Cspan+lang%3D%22en%22+dir%3D%22auto%22%3EErik-Jan+Z%C3%BCrcher%3C%2Fspan%3E%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3E%EF%BC%89%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E&rft.au=Zurndorfer%2C+Harriet+Thelma&rft.aufirst=L%C3%A9onard&rft.aulast=Bluss%C3%A9&rft.btitle=Conflict+and+Accommodation+in+Early+Modern+East+Asia%3A+Essays+in+Honour+of+Erik+Z%C3%BCrcher&rft.date=1993&rft.edition=illustrated&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9004097759&rft.pub=BRILL&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DpXLO2k1oaPsC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%26source%3Dgbs_ge_summary_r%26cad%3D0%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFChin1981" class="citation book">Chin, John M. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FQkdAAAAMAAJ">The Sarawak Chinese</a> illustrated. Oxford University Press, Incorporated. 1981 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">24 April</span> 2014]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0195804708" title="Special:网络书源/0195804708"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 0195804708</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210504144132/https://books.google.com/books?id=FQkdAAAAMAAJ">存档</a>于2021-05-04）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%98%AD%E8%8A%B3%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B&rft.aufirst=John+M.&rft.aulast=Chin&rft.btitle=The+Sarawak+Chinese&rft.date=1981&rft.edition=illustrated&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0195804708&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press%2C+Incorporated&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFQkdAAAAMAAJ&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFGakuen1967" class="citation book">Gakuen, Seijō. Uchida, Naosaku; Ikedavolume=, Kōtarō , 编. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bMHsAAAAMAAJ">Social and economic aspects of Japan: Seijo Gakuen jubilee year, 1917-1967</a>. Economic Institute of Seijo University. 1967 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">24 April</span> 2014]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210504144124/https://books.google.com/books?id=bMHsAAAAMAAJ">存档</a>于2021-05-04）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%98%AD%E8%8A%B3%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B&rft.aufirst=Seij%C5%8D&rft.aulast=Gakuen&rft.btitle=Social+and+economic+aspects+of+Japan%3A+Seijo+Gakuen+jubilee+year%2C+1917-1967&rft.date=1967&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=Economic+Institute+of+Seijo+University&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbMHsAAAAMAAJ&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFGerberGuang2006" class="citation book">Gerber, James; Guang, Lei (编). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=E1d5L9tXXq0C&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false">Agriculture and Rural Connections in the Pacific, 1500-1900</a>. Volume 13 of The Pacific World: Lands, Peoples And History of the Pacific, 1500-1900 illustrated. Ashgate/Variorum. 2006 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">24 April</span> 2014]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0754639789" title="Special:网络书源/0754639789"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 0754639789</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210504144114/https://books.google.com/books?id=E1d5L9tXXq0C&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false">存档</a>于2021-05-04）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%98%AD%E8%8A%B3%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B&rft.au=Guang%2C+Lei&rft.aufirst=James&rft.aulast=Gerber&rft.btitle=Agriculture+and+Rural+Connections+in+the+Pacific%2C+1500-1900&rft.date=2006&rft.edition=illustrated&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0754639789&rft.pub=Ashgate%2FVariorum&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DE1d5L9tXXq0C%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%26source%3Dgbs_ge_summary_r%26cad%3D0%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFGernet1996" class="citation book">Gernet, Jacques. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jqb7L-pKCV8C&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false">A History of Chinese Civilization</a> illustrated, reprint, revised. Cambridge University Press. 1996 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">24 April</span> 2014]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0521497817" title="Special:网络书源/0521497817"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 0521497817</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210504144114/https://books.google.com/books?id=jqb7L-pKCV8C&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false">存档</a>于2021-05-04）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%98%AD%E8%8A%B3%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B&rft.aufirst=Jacques&rft.aulast=Gernet&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Chinese+Civilization&rft.date=1996&rft.edition=illustrated%2C+reprint%2C+revised&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0521497817&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Djqb7L-pKCV8C%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%26source%3Dgbs_ge_summary_r%26cad%3D0%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Heidhues, Mary F. Somers. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4WK2s2ogHEAC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false">Golddiggers, Farmers, and Traders in the "Chinese Districts" of West Kalimantan, Indonesia</a>. Volume 34 of Southeast Asia publications series illustrated. SEAP Publications. 2003 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">10 March</span> 2014]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0877277338" title="Special:网络书源/0877277338"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 0877277338</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210504144140/https://books.google.com/books?id=4WK2s2ogHEAC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false">存档</a>于2021-05-04）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%98%AD%E8%8A%B3%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B&rft.aufirst=Mary+F.+Somers&rft.aulast=Heidhues&rft.btitle=Golddiggers%2C+Farmers%2C+and+Traders+in+the+%22Chinese+Districts%22+of+West+Kalimantan%2C+Indonesia&rft.date=2003&rft.edition=illustrated&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0877277338&rft.pub=SEAP+Publications&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4WK2s2ogHEAC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%26source%3Dgbs_ge_summary_r%26cad%3D0%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment"><code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|issue=</code>被忽略 (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#parameter_discarded" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>)</span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Irwin, Graham. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=eGAKAQAAIAAJ">Nineteenth-century Borneo: A Study in Diplomatic Rivalry</a>. Part 15 of Verhandelingen van het Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde. M. Nijhoff. 1955 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">10 March</span> 2014]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210504144143/https://books.google.com/books?id=eGAKAQAAIAAJ">存档</a>于2021-05-04）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%98%AD%E8%8A%B3%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B&rft.aufirst=Graham&rft.aulast=Irwin&rft.btitle=Nineteenth-century+Borneo%3A+A+Study+in+Diplomatic+Rivalry&rft.date=1955&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=M.+Nijhoff&rft.series=Part+15+of+Verhandelingen+van+het+Koninklijk+Instituut+voor+Taal-%2C+Land-+en+Volkenkunde&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DeGAKAQAAIAAJ&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Lindsey, Timothy; Pausacker, Helen; Coppel, Charles A. Lindsey, Timothy; Pausacker, Helen; Coppel, Charles A. , 编. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nGpwAAAAMAAJ">Chinese Indonesians: remembering, distorting, forgetting</a> illustrated. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. 2005 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2018-02-09</span>]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9812302867" title="Special:网络书源/9812302867"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 9812302867</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210504144127/https://books.google.com/books?id=nGpwAAAAMAAJ">存档</a>于2021-05-04）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%98%AD%E8%8A%B3%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B&rft.au=Coppel%2C+Charles+A.&rft.au=Pausacker%2C+Helen&rft.aufirst=Timothy&rft.aulast=Lindsey&rft.btitle=Chinese+Indonesians%3A+remembering%2C+distorting%2C+forgetting&rft.date=2005&rft.edition=illustrated&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9812302867&rft.pub=Institute+of+Southeast+Asian+Studies&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnGpwAAAAMAAJ&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFLuoLuo1941" class="citation book">Luo, Xianglin; Luo, Fangbo. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Ya71ACt_aDsC">Luo Fangbo suo jian Boluozhou Kundian Lanfang da zong zhi kao</a> illustrated. 1941 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">24 April</span> 2014]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210504144138/https://books.google.com/books?id=Ya71ACt_aDsC">存档</a>于2021-05-04）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%98%AD%E8%8A%B3%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B&rft.au=Luo%2C+Fangbo&rft.aufirst=Xianglin&rft.aulast=Luo&rft.btitle=Luo+Fangbo+suo+jian+Boluozhou+Kundian+Lanfang+da+zong+zhi+kao&rft.date=1941&rft.edition=illustrated&rft.genre=book&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYa71ACt_aDsC&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREF羅1961" class="citation book">羅, 香林. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3TvTAAAAMAAJ">西婆羅洲羅芳伯等所建共和國考</a>. 中國學社. 1961 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">24 April</span> 2014]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210504144158/https://books.google.com/books?id=3TvTAAAAMAAJ">存档</a>于2021-05-04）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%98%AD%E8%8A%B3%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B&rft.aufirst=%E9%A6%99%E6%9E%97&rft.aulast=%E7%BE%85&rft.btitle=%E8%A5%BF%E5%A9%86%E7%BE%85%E6%B4%B2%E7%BE%85%E8%8A%B3%E4%BC%AF%E7%AD%89%E6%89%80%E5%BB%BA%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B%E8%80%83&rft.date=1961&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%AD%B8%E7%A4%BE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3TvTAAAAMAAJ&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFMuseum_für_Völkerkunde_zu_Leipzig1997" class="citation book">Museum für Völkerkunde zu Leipzig. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=38YnAQAAIAAJ">Jahrbuch des Museums für Völkerkunde zu Leipzig, Volume 41</a>. Lit-Verlag. 1997 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">24 April</span> 2014]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/3825834328" title="Special:网络书源/3825834328"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 3825834328</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210504144137/https://books.google.com/books?id=38YnAQAAIAAJ">存档</a>于2021-05-04）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%98%AD%E8%8A%B3%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B&rft.au=Museum+f%C3%BCr+V%C3%B6lkerkunde+zu+Leipzig&rft.btitle=Jahrbuch+des+Museums+f%C3%BCr+V%C3%B6lkerkunde+zu+Leipzig%2C+Volume+41&rft.date=1997&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=3825834328&rft.pub=Lit-Verlag&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D38YnAQAAIAAJ&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Oelschlägel, Anett C.; Nentwig, Ingo; Taube, Jakob (编). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0nGtGiLEbQYC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false">"Roter Altai, gib dein Echo!": Festschrift für Erika Taube zum 65. Geburtstag</a>. Contributor: Erika Taube. Leipziger Universitätsverlag. 2005 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">10 March</span> 2014]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/3865830625" title="Special:网络书源/3865830625"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 3865830625</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210504144153/https://books.google.com/books?id=0nGtGiLEbQYC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false">存档</a>于2021-05-04） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到德语网页">（德语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%98%AD%E8%8A%B3%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B&rft.au=Nentwig%2C+Ingo&rft.au=Taube%2C+Jakob&rft.aufirst=Anett+C.&rft.aulast=Oelschl%C3%A4gel&rft.btitle=%22Roter+Altai%2C+gib+dein+Echo%21%22%3A+Festschrift+f%C3%BCr+Erika+Taube+zum+65.+Geburtstag&rft.date=2005&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=3865830625&rft.pub=Leipziger+Universit%C3%A4tsverlag&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0nGtGiLEbQYC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%26source%3Dgbs_ge_summary_r%26cad%3D0%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFReecePersatuan_Kesusasteraan_Sarawak1993" class="citation book">Reece, Bob; Persatuan Kesusasteraan Sarawak. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IZtuAAAAMAAJ">Datu Bandar Abang Hj. Mustapha of Sarawak: some reflections of his life and times</a>. Sarawak Literary Society. 1993 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">24 April</span> 2014]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210504144148/https://books.google.com/books?id=IZtuAAAAMAAJ">存档</a>于2021-05-04）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%98%AD%E8%8A%B3%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B&rft.au=Persatuan+Kesusasteraan+Sarawak&rft.aufirst=Bob&rft.aulast=Reece&rft.btitle=Datu+Bandar+Abang+Hj.+Mustapha+of+Sarawak%3A+some+reflections+of+his+life+and+times&rft.date=1993&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=Sarawak+Literary+Society&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIZtuAAAAMAAJ&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFReidAlilunas-Rodgers1996" class="citation book">Reid, Anthony; Alilunas-Rodgers, Kristine (编). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YFIGVqZ9ZKsC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false">Sojourners and Settlers: Histories of Southeast China and the Chinese</a> illustrated, reprint. University of Hawaii Press. 1996 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">24 April</span> 2014]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0824824466" title="Special:网络书源/0824824466"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 0824824466</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210504145222/https://books.google.com/books?id=YFIGVqZ9ZKsC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false">存档</a>于2021-05-04）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%98%AD%E8%8A%B3%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B&rft.au=Alilunas-Rodgers%2C+Kristine&rft.aufirst=Anthony&rft.aulast=Reid&rft.btitle=Sojourners+and+Settlers%3A+Histories+of+Southeast+China+and+the+Chinese&rft.date=1996&rft.edition=illustrated%2C+reprint&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0824824466&rft.pub=University+of+Hawaii+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYFIGVqZ9ZKsC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%26source%3Dgbs_ge_summary_r%26cad%3D0%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFReid2008" class="citation book">Reid, Anthony. Reid, Anthony , 编. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ElRwAAAAMAAJ">The Chinese Diaspora in the Pacific</a>. Volume 16 of The Pacific World Lands, Peoples and History of the Pacific, 1500 - 1900. Ashgate. 2008 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">24 April</span> 2014]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0754657493" title="Special:网络书源/0754657493"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 0754657493</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210504145227/https://books.google.com/books?id=ElRwAAAAMAAJ">存档</a>于2021-05-04）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%98%AD%E8%8A%B3%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B&rft.aufirst=Anthony&rft.aulast=Reid&rft.btitle=The+Chinese+Diaspora+in+the+Pacific&rft.date=2008&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0754657493&rft.pub=Ashgate&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DElRwAAAAMAAJ&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFYong1994" class="citation book">Yong, Paul. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Am9wAAAAMAAJ">A dream of freedom: the early Sarawak Chinese</a> 2, illustrated. Pelanduk Publications. 1994 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">24 April</span> 2014]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9679783774" title="Special:网络书源/9679783774"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 9679783774</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210504145154/https://books.google.com/books?id=Am9wAAAAMAAJ">存档</a>于2021-05-04）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%98%AD%E8%8A%B3%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.aulast=Yong&rft.btitle=A+dream+of+freedom%3A+the+early+Sarawak+Chinese&rft.date=1994&rft.edition=2%2C+illustrated&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9679783774&rft.pub=Pelanduk+Publications&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAm9wAAAAMAAJ&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation news">YUNOS, ROZAN. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140714175005/http://www.bt.com.bn/golden-legacy/2011/05/23/saga-lanfang-republic">Saga of Lanfang Republic</a>. THE BRUNEI TIMES (BANDAR SERI BEGAWAN). May 23, 2011 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">24 April</span> 2014]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bt.com.bn/golden-legacy/2011/05/23/saga-lanfang-republic">原始内容</a>存档于2014-07-14）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%98%AD%E8%8A%B3%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B&rft.atitle=Saga+of+Lanfang+Republic&rft.aufirst=ROZAN&rft.aulast=YUNOS&rft.date=2011-05-23&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=THE+BRUNEI+TIMES&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bt.com.bn%2Fgolden-legacy%2F2011%2F05%2F23%2Fsaga-lanfang-republic&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFSetyautamaMihardja2008" class="citation book">Setyautama, Sam; Mihardja, Suma. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lEGrOWWEvswC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false">Tokoh-tokoh etnis Tionghoa di Indonesia</a>. Kepustakaan Populer Gramedia. 2008 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">24 April</span> 2014]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9799101255" title="Special:网络书源/9799101255"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 9799101255</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210504144246/https://books.google.com/books?id=lEGrOWWEvswC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false">存档</a>于2021-05-04） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到马来语网页">（马来语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%98%AD%E8%8A%B3%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B&rft.au=Mihardja%2C+Suma&rft.aufirst=Sam&rft.aulast=Setyautama&rft.btitle=Tokoh-tokoh+etnis+Tionghoa+di+Indonesia&rft.date=2008&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9799101255&rft.pub=Kepustakaan+Populer+Gramedia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlEGrOWWEvswC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%26source%3Dgbs_ge_summary_r%26cad%3D0%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFSuryadinata1997" class="citation book">Suryadinata, Leo (编). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SgWX7vf5vpsC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false">Political Thinking of the Indonesian Chinese: 1900-1977; a Sourcebook</a>. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. 1997 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">24 April</span> 2014]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9789971692018" title="Special:网络书源/9789971692018"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 9789971692018</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210504144254/https://books.google.com/books?id=SgWX7vf5vpsC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false">存档</a>于2021-05-04）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%98%AD%E8%8A%B3%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B&rft.aufirst=Leo&rft.aulast=Suryadinata&rft.btitle=Political+Thinking+of+the+Indonesian+Chinese%3A+1900-1977%3B+a+Sourcebook&rft.date=1997&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9789971692018&rft.place=Singapore&rft.pub=Institute+of+Southeast+Asian+Studies&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSgWX7vf5vpsC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%26source%3Dgbs_ge_summary_r%26cad%3D0%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Wang, Tai Peng. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vHZuAAAAMAAJ">The origins of Chinese kongsi</a>. Pelanduk Publications. 1994 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">10 March</span> 2014]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9679784495" title="Special:网络书源/9679784495"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 9679784495</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210504144225/https://books.google.com/books?id=vHZuAAAAMAAJ">存档</a>于2021-05-04）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%98%AD%E8%8A%B3%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B&rft.aufirst=Tai+Peng&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.btitle=The+origins+of+Chinese+kongsi&rft.date=1994&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9679784495&rft.pub=Pelanduk+Publications&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvHZuAAAAMAAJ&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Zhang, Delai. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=W3JwAAAAMAAJ">The Hakkas of Sabah: A Survey of Their Impact on the Modernization of the Bornean Malaysian State</a>. Sabah Theological Seminary. 2002 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">10 March</span> 2014]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9834084005" title="Special:网络书源/9834084005"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 9834084005</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210504144234/https://books.google.com/books?id=W3JwAAAAMAAJ">存档</a>于2021-05-04）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%98%AD%E8%8A%B3%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B&rft.aufirst=Delai&rft.aulast=Zhang&rft.btitle=The+Hakkas+of+Sabah%3A+A+Survey+of+Their+Impact+on+the+Modernization+of+the+Bornean+Malaysian+State&rft.date=2002&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9834084005&rft.pub=Sabah+Theological+Seminary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DW3JwAAAAMAAJ&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Zheng, Dekun. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fLL5BQj9Xf0C&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false">Studies in Chinese Archaeology</a>. Volume 3 of Centre for Chinese Archaeology and Art Hong Kong: Studies series. Chinese University Press. 1982 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">10 March</span> 2014]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9622012612" title="Special:网络书源/9622012612"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 9622012612</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210504144303/https://books.google.com/books?id=fLL5BQj9Xf0C&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false">存档</a>于2021-05-04）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%98%AD%E8%8A%B3%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B&rft.aufirst=Dekun&rft.aulast=Zheng&rft.btitle=Studies+in+Chinese+Archaeology&rft.date=1982&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9622012612&rft.pub=Chinese+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfLL5BQj9Xf0C%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%26source%3Dgbs_ge_summary_r%26cad%3D0%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Zheng, Dekun. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=msMWtSjz4JYC">Archaeology in Sarawak</a> illustrated. Heffer. 1969 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">10 March</span> 2014]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0852700113" title="Special:网络书源/0852700113"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 0852700113</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210504144306/https://books.google.com/books?id=msMWtSjz4JYC">存档</a>于2021-05-04）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%98%AD%E8%8A%B3%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B&rft.aufirst=Dekun&rft.aulast=Zheng&rft.btitle=Archaeology+in+Sarawak&rft.date=1969&rft.edition=illustrated&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0852700113&rft.pub=Heffer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmsMWtSjz4JYC&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180209182209/http://www.manifestajournal.org/online-residencies/matteo-lucchetti/eurozone-lan-fang-republic">The Eurozone as a Lan Fang Republic</a>. Manifesta Journal. 2012 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">24 April</span> 2014]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.manifestajournal.org/online-residencies/matteo-lucchetti/eurozone-lan-fang-republic">原始内容</a>存档于2018-02-09）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%98%AD%E8%8A%B3%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B&rft.atitle=The+Eurozone+as+a+Lan+Fang+Republic&rft.date=2012&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Manifesta+Journal&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.manifestajournal.org%2Fonline-residencies%2Fmatteo-lucchetti%2Feurozone-lan-fang-republic&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREF1959" class="citation book"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZKAvAAAAYAAJ">The Sarawak Museum Journal</a>. Volume 9 of The Sarawak Museum Journal: For the Promotion of Scientific Knowledge and Study of the Natives and Natural History of the Island of Borneo, Sarawak Museum. Contributor: Sarawak Museum. Sarawak Museum. 1959 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">24 April</span> 2014]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210504144315/https://books.google.com/books?id=ZKAvAAAAYAAJ">存档</a>于2021-05-04）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%98%AD%E8%8A%B3%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B&rft.btitle=The+Sarawak+Museum+Journal&rft.date=1959&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=Sarawak+Museum.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZKAvAAAAYAAJ&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREF1971" class="citation book"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YMMvAAAAYAAJ">The Sarawak Museum Journal, Volume 19</a>. Sarawak Museum (Contributor). Sarawak Museum. 1971 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">24 April</span> 2014]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210504144324/https://books.google.com/books?id=YMMvAAAAYAAJ">存档</a>于2021-05-04）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%98%AD%E8%8A%B3%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B&rft.btitle=The+Sarawak+Museum+Journal%2C+Volume+19&rft.date=1971&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=Sarawak+Museum&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYMMvAAAAYAAJ&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFContributor:_Royal_Numismatic_Society_(Great_Britain)1993" class="citation book">Contributor: Royal Numismatic Society (Great Britain). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZveFAAAAIAAJ">The Numismatic Chronicle, Volume 153</a>. Royal Numismatic Societ. 1993 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">24 April</span> 2014]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210504144331/https://books.google.com/books?id=ZveFAAAAIAAJ">存档</a>于2021-05-04）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%98%AD%E8%8A%B3%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B&rft.au=Contributor%3A+Royal+Numismatic+Society+%28Great+Britain%29&rft.btitle=The+Numismatic+Chronicle%2C+Volume+153&rft.date=1993&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=Royal+Numismatic+Societ&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZveFAAAAIAAJ&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREF1998" class="citation book"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6MQPAQAAMAAJ">Excerpta Indonesica, Issues 58-62</a>. Contributors: Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde (Netherlands). Afdeling Documentatie Modern Indonesie, Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde (Netherlands). Bibliotheek. Centre for Documentation of Modern Indonesia, Royal Institute of Linguistics and Anthropology. 1998 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">24 April</span> 2014]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210504144326/https://books.google.com/books?id=6MQPAQAAMAAJ">存档</a>于2021-05-04）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%98%AD%E8%8A%B3%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B&rft.btitle=Excerpta+Indonesica%2C+Issues+58-62&rft.date=1998&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=Centre+for+Documentation+of+Modern+Indonesia%2C+Royal+Institute+of+Linguistics+and+Anthropology&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6MQPAQAAMAAJ&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREF1979" class="citation book"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dC0JAAAAIAAJ">Mitteilungen der Gesellschaft für Natur- und Völkerkunde Ostasiens, Volume 75; Volume 77c</a>. Contributors: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Natur- und Völkerkunde Ostasiens, Tokyo. 1979 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">24 April</span> 2014]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210504144316/https://books.google.com/books?id=dC0JAAAAIAAJ">存档</a>于2021-05-04）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%98%AD%E8%8A%B3%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B&rft.btitle=Mitteilungen+der+Gesellschaft+f%C3%BCr+Natur-+und+V%C3%B6lkerkunde+Ostasiens%2C+Volume+75%3B+Volume+77c&rft.date=1979&rft.genre=book&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdC0JAAAAIAAJ&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREF1963" class="citation book"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WRI9AQAAIAAJ">China Today, Volume 6</a>. Contributors: China Today Society, Taiwan, Taipei (City). Institute for Chinese Culture, Institute of Chinese Culture, T'ai-pei, Institute for Advanced Chinese studies, Chung-kuo wen hua hsüeh yüan. Chung-Kuo wen hua yen chiu so, Chinese Translation Society, Chung-Kuo wen hua yen chiu so, Tai pei, United Publishing Center, Inc, Chinese Institute of Translation and Research. Institute of Chinese Culture. 1963 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">24 April</span> 2014]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210504144339/https://books.google.com/books?id=WRI9AQAAIAAJ">存档</a>于2021-05-04）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%98%AD%E8%8A%B3%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B&rft.btitle=China+Today%2C+Volume+6&rft.date=1963&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=Institute+of+Chinese+Culture&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWRI9AQAAIAAJ&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREF1988" class="citation book"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5dkSAAAAIAAJ">Revue bibliographique de sinologie, Volumes 6-7</a>. Contributors: Ecole des hautes études en sciences sociales, Ecole pratique des hautes études (France). Section des sciences économiques et sociales, École pratique des hautes études (France). Section des sciences historiques et philologiques. Editions de l'Ecole des hautes études en sciences sociales. 1988 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">24 April</span> 2014]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210504144352/https://books.google.com/books?id=5dkSAAAAIAAJ">存档</a>于2021-05-04） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到法语网页">（法语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%98%AD%E8%8A%B3%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B&rft.btitle=Revue+bibliographique+de+sinologie%2C+Volumes+6-7&rft.date=1988&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=Editions+de+l%27Ecole+des+hautes+%C3%A9tudes+en+sciences+sociales&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5dkSAAAAIAAJ&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREF2008" class="citation book"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nQsRAQAAMAAJ">Taiwan guang Hua za zhi, Volume 33, Issues 7-12</a>. 光華畫報雜誌社. 2008 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">24 April</span> 2014]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210504144353/https://books.google.com/books?id=nQsRAQAAMAAJ">存档</a>于2021-05-04）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%98%AD%E8%8A%B3%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B&rft.btitle=Taiwan+guang+Hua+za+zhi%2C+Volume+33%2C+Issues+7-12&rft.date=2008&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=%E5%85%89%E8%8F%AF%E7%95%AB%E5%A0%B1%E9%9B%9C%E8%AA%8C%E7%A4%BE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnQsRAQAAMAAJ&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREF2004" class="citation book"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=i9QTAQAAMAAJ">Tempo: Indonesia's Weekly News Magazine, Volume 4, Issues 43-52</a>. Arsa Raya Perdana. 2004 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">24 April</span> 2014]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210504144349/https://books.google.com/books?id=i9QTAQAAMAAJ">存档</a>于2021-05-04）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%98%AD%E8%8A%B3%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B&rft.btitle=Tempo%3A+Indonesia%27s+Weekly+News+Magazine%2C+Volume+4%2C+Issues+43-52&rft.date=2004&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=Arsa+Raya+Perdana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Di9QTAQAAMAAJ&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFHeidhues2001" class="citation">Heidhues, Mary Somers, Chinese Settlements in Rural Southeast Asia: Unwritten Histories, Anthony Reid (编), Sojourners and Settlers: Histories of Southeast Asia and the Chinese, Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 2001</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%98%AD%E8%8A%B3%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B&rft.atitle=Chinese+Settlements+in+Rural+Southeast+Asia%3A+Unwritten+Histories&rft.aufirst=Mary+Somers&rft.aulast=Heidhues&rft.btitle=Sojourners+and+Settlers%3A+Histories+of+Southeast+Asia+and+the+Chinese&rft.date=2001&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.place=Honolulu&rft.pub=University+of+Hawaii+Press&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部連結"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.80.A3.E7.B5.90"></span>外部連結</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%98%AD%E8%8A%B3%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：外部連結"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090211143905/http://military.china.com/zh_cn/history2/06/11027560/20051109/12833067.html">不應消失的記憶——蘭芳共和國</a>. <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E7%B6%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="中華網">中华网</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2008-11-14</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://military.china.com/zh_cn/history2/06/11027560/20051109/12833067.html">原始内容</a>存档于2009-02-11）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%98%AD%E8%8A%B3%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%8D%E6%87%89%E6%B6%88%E5%A4%B1%E7%9A%84%E8%A8%98%E6%86%B6%E2%80%94%E2%80%94%E8%98%AD%E8%8A%B3%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E7%BD%91&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmilitary.china.com%2Fzh_cn%2Fhistory2%2F06%2F11027560%2F20051109%2F12833067.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation news">Rozan Yunos; BANDAR SERI BEGAWAN. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bruneitimes.com.bn/golden-legacy/2011/05/23/saga-lanfang-republic"><i>Saga of Lanfang Republic</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%B6%E8%90%8A%E6%99%82%E5%A0%B1" title="汶萊時報">汶萊時報</a>. 2011-05-23.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%98%AD%E8%8A%B3%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B&rft.atitle=Saga+of+Lanfang+Republic&rft.au=BANDAR+SERI+BEGAWAN&rft.au=Rozan+Yunos&rft.date=2011-05-23&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bruneitimes.com.bn%2Fgolden-legacy%2F2011%2F05%2F23%2Fsaga-lanfang-republic&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%A4%B1%E6%95%88%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5" title="Wikipedia:失效链接"><span title="自2018年6月失效">永久失效連結</span></a>]</span></sup><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">（英文）</span></li> <li>1822年時蘭芳共和國與其他公司領土地圖。<cite class="citation book">Mary F. Somers Heidhues. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=4WK2s2ogHEAC&pg=PA57"><span></span><i>Golddiggers, Farmers, and Traders in the "Chinese Districts" of West Kalimantan, Indonesia</i><span></span></a>. SEAP Publications. 2003年: 57頁. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-87727-733-0" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-87727-733-0"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-0-87727-733-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%98%AD%E8%8A%B3%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B&rft.au=Mary+F.+Somers+Heidhues&rft.btitle=Golddiggers%2C+Farmers%2C+and+Traders+in+the+%22Chinese+Districts%22+of+West+Kalimantan%2C+Indonesia&rft.date=2003&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-87727-733-0&rft.pages=57%E9%A0%81&rft.pub=SEAP+Publications&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4WK2s2ogHEAC%26pg%3DPA57&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">（英文）</span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link 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class="new" title="江戊伯（页面不存在）">江戊伯</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%97%95%E5%9B%9B%E4%BC%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="闕四伯（页面不存在）">闕四伯</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ 江戊伯<small>（復任）</small></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%8B%E6%8F%92%E4%BC%AF" title="宋插伯">宋插伯</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8A%89%E5%8F%B0%E4%BA%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="劉台二（页面不存在）">劉台二</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A4%E5%85%AD%E4%BC%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="古六伯（页面不存在）">古六伯</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AC%9D%E6%A1%82%E8%8A%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="謝桂芳（页面不存在）">謝桂芳</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%91%89%E9%A8%B0%E8%BC%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="葉騰輝（页面不存在）">葉騰輝</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8A%89%E6%B7%B5_(%E5%A4%A7%E5%94%90%E7%B8%BD%E9%95%B7)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="劉淵 (大唐總長)（页面不存在）">劉鼎</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%89%E9%98%BF%E7%94%9F" title="劉阿生">劉阿生</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8A%89%E4%BA%AE%E5%AE%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="劉亮官（页面不存在）">劉亮官</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ 劉阿生<small>（復任）</small></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">職官</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A7%E5%94%90%E7%B8%BD%E9%95%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="大唐總長（页面不存在）">大唐總長</a> | <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%83%E8%AC%80%E8%BB%8D%E5%B8%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="參謀軍師（页面不存在）">副總長</a> |</span> <span class="nowrap"><a 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<span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%98%86%E6%97%A5%E7%B8%A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="昆日縣（页面不存在）">昆日縣</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">司法單位</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%90%AC%E9%82%A3%E8%A3%81%E5%88%A4%E5%BB%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="萬那裁判廳（页面不存在）">萬那裁判廳</a> | <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%90%AC%E8%AB%B8%E5%B1%85%E8%A3%81%E5%88%A4%E5%BB%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="萬諸居裁判廳（页面不存在）">萬諸居裁判廳</a> |</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B7%A1%E6%B0%B4%E6%B8%AF%E8%A3%81%E5%88%A4%E5%BB%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="淡水港裁判廳（页面不存在）">淡水港裁判廳</a> |</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%AB%E8%A7%92%E4%BA%AD%E8%A3%81%E5%88%A4%E5%BB%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="八角亭裁判廳（页面不存在）">八角亭裁判廳</a> |</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%B0%E5%9F%A0%E9%A0%AD%E8%A3%81%E5%88%A4%E5%BB%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="新埠頭裁判廳（页面不存在）">新埠頭裁判廳</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B4%E8%99%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="年號">年號</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E8%98%AD%E8%8A%B3" title="蘭芳">蘭芳</a> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%BE%E8%88%88_(%E8%98%AD%E8%8A%B3)" title="乾興 (蘭芳)">乾興</a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="印度尼西亞歷史政權" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E5%B0%BC%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E6%94%BF%E6%AC%8A" title="Template:印度尼西亞歷史政權"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E5%B0%BC%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E6%94%BF%E6%AC%8A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:印度尼西亞歷史政權（页面不存在）"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E5%B0%BC%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E6%94%BF%E6%AC%8A" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:印度尼西亞歷史政權"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="印度尼西亞歷史政權" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E5%B0%BC%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="印度尼西亞">印度尼西亞</a>歷史政權</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%88%AA%E5%93%87" class="mw-redirect" title="爪哇">爪哇</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">印度教/佛教</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="布蘭邦甘王國" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Blambangan Kingdom"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B8%83%E8%98%AD%E9%82%A6%E7%94%98%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="布蘭邦甘王國（页面不存在）">布蘭邦甘王國</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blambangan_Kingdom" class="extiw" title="en:Blambangan Kingdom"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Blambangan Kingdom</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="加盧國" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Galuh Kingdom"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8A%A0%E7%9B%A7%E5%9C%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="加盧國（页面不存在）">加盧國</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galuh_Kingdom" class="extiw" title="en:Galuh Kingdom"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Galuh Kingdom</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="伊舍那天王朝" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Ishana dynasty"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%8A%E8%88%8D%E9%82%A3%E5%A4%A9%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伊舍那天王朝（页面不存在）">伊舍那天王朝</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ishana_dynasty" class="extiw" title="en:Ishana dynasty"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Ishana dynasty</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8D%E8%BF%A6%E7%BD%97" title="重迦罗">重迦羅</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BA%E9%87%8C%E7%8F%AD" title="固里班">固里班</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%83%E9%99%B5" title="诃陵">訶陵</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Majapahit_fictitious_flag.svg/23px-Majapahit_fictitious_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Majapahit_fictitious_flag.svg/35px-Majapahit_fictitious_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Majapahit_fictitious_flag.svg/46px-Majapahit_fictitious_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="607" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%BB%A1%E8%80%85%E4%BC%AF%E5%A4%B7" title="满者伯夷">滿者伯夷</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%89%93%E5%85%B0%E7%8E%8B%E5%9B%BD" title="马打兰王国">马打兰王国</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="萬丹·庫姆蘭" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Medang Kamulan"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%90%AC%E4%B8%B9%C2%B7%E5%BA%AB%E5%A7%86%E8%98%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="萬丹·庫姆蘭（页面不存在）">萬丹·庫姆蘭</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medang_Kamulan" class="extiw" title="en:Medang Kamulan"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Medang Kamulan</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="拉賈沙王朝" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Rajasa dynasty"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8B%89%E8%B3%88%E6%B2%99%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="拉賈沙王朝（页面不存在）">拉賈沙王朝</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajasa_dynasty" class="extiw" title="en:Rajasa dynasty"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Rajasa dynasty</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="珊闍耶王朝" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Sanjaya dynasty"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8F%8A%E9%97%8D%E8%80%B6%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="珊闍耶王朝（页面不存在）">珊闍耶王朝</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanjaya_dynasty" class="extiw" title="en:Sanjaya dynasty"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Sanjaya dynasty</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="薩拉卡納迦拉" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Salakanagara"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%96%A9%E6%8B%89%E5%8D%A1%E7%B4%8D%E8%BF%A6%E6%8B%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="薩拉卡納迦拉（页面不存在）">薩拉卡納迦拉</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salakanagara" class="extiw" title="en:Salakanagara"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Salakanagara</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%8F%E8%BF%9E%E7%89%B9%E6%8B%89%E7%8E%8B%E5%9B%BD" title="夏连特拉王国">夏連特拉王國</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%A1%E8%AF%83%E6%B2%99%E9%87%8C" title="信诃沙里">信訶沙里</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E4%BD%9B%E9%BD%90" title="三佛齐">三佛齐</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%BD%E4%BB%96%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B" title="巽他王國">巽他王國</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="塔魯瑪納伽拉" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Tarumanagara"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A1%94%E9%AD%AF%E7%91%AA%E7%B4%8D%E4%BC%BD%E6%8B%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="塔魯瑪納伽拉（页面不存在）">塔魯瑪納伽拉</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarumanagara" class="extiw" title="en:Tarumanagara"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Tarumanagara</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E7%BE%85%E5%A4%8F%E6%B2%BB" title="日羅夏治">日羅夏治</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%9C%E6%9D%BF" title="杜板">杜板</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">伊斯蘭教</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Flag_of_the_Sultanate_of_Banten.svg/19px-Flag_of_the_Sultanate_of_Banten.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Flag_of_the_Sultanate_of_Banten.svg/29px-Flag_of_the_Sultanate_of_Banten.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Flag_of_the_Sultanate_of_Banten.svg/38px-Flag_of_the_Sultanate_of_Banten.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="434" data-file-height="347" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%90%AC%E4%B8%B9%E8%98%87%E4%B8%B9%E5%9C%8B" title="萬丹蘇丹國">萬丹蘇丹國</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Katoenen_banier_met_Arabische_kalligrafie_TMnr_5663-1.svg/23px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Katoenen_banier_met_Arabische_kalligrafie_TMnr_5663-1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Katoenen_banier_met_Arabische_kalligrafie_TMnr_5663-1.svg/35px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Katoenen_banier_met_Arabische_kalligrafie_TMnr_5663-1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Katoenen_banier_met_Arabische_kalligrafie_TMnr_5663-1.svg/46px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Katoenen_banier_met_Arabische_kalligrafie_TMnr_5663-1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="380" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%95%E9%87%8C%E6%B1%B6%E8%8B%8F%E4%B8%B9%E5%9B%BD" title="井里汶苏丹国">井里汶苏丹国</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Id-siak1.GIF/19px-Id-siak1.GIF" decoding="async" width="19" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Id-siak1.GIF/29px-Id-siak1.GIF 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Id-siak1.GIF/38px-Id-siak1.GIF 2x" data-file-width="272" data-file-height="217" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%A1%E7%9B%AE%E8%8B%8F%E4%B8%B9%E5%9B%BD" title="淡目苏丹国">淡目苏丹国</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalinyamat_Sultanate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kalinyamat Sultanate（页面不存在）">Kalinyamat</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_the_Sultanate_of_Mataram.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Sultanate_of_Mataram.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_the_Sultanate_of_Mataram.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Sultanate_of_Mataram.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_the_Sultanate_of_Mataram.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Sultanate_of_Mataram.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="929" data-file-height="468" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%89%93%E5%85%B0%E8%8B%8F%E4%B8%B9%E5%9B%BD" title="马打兰苏丹国">馬打蘭蘇丹國</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="巴章" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Kingdom of Pajang"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%B4%E7%AB%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="巴章（页面不存在）">巴章</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Pajang" class="extiw" title="en:Kingdom of Pajang"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Kingdom of Pajang</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="雙木丹拉讓" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Kingdom of Sumedang Larang"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9B%99%E6%9C%A8%E4%B8%B9%E6%8B%89%E8%AE%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="雙木丹拉讓（页面不存在）">雙木丹拉讓</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sumedang_Larang" class="extiw" title="en:Kingdom of Sumedang Larang"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Kingdom of Sumedang Larang</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_Sunanate_of_Surakarta.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sunanate_of_Surakarta.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_Sunanate_of_Surakarta.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sunanate_of_Surakarta.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_Sunanate_of_Surakarta.svg/45px-Flag_of_Sunanate_of_Surakarta.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="梭羅蘇丹國" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Surakarta Sunanate"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A2%AD%E7%BE%85%E8%98%87%E4%B8%B9%E5%9C%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="梭羅蘇丹國（页面不存在）">梭羅蘇丹國</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surakarta_Sunanate" class="extiw" title="en:Surakarta Sunanate"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Surakarta Sunanate</span></a></span>）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Panji_Kanjeng_Kyai_Tunggul_Wulung.png/23px-Panji_Kanjeng_Kyai_Tunggul_Wulung.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Panji_Kanjeng_Kyai_Tunggul_Wulung.png/35px-Panji_Kanjeng_Kyai_Tunggul_Wulung.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Panji_Kanjeng_Kyai_Tunggul_Wulung.png/46px-Panji_Kanjeng_Kyai_Tunggul_Wulung.png 2x" data-file-width="1380" data-file-height="855" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%83%B9%E8%98%87%E4%B8%B9%E5%9C%8B" title="日惹蘇丹國">日惹蘇丹國</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E9%96%80%E7%AD%94%E8%87%98" title="蘇門答臘">蘇門答臘</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">印度教/佛教</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="德哈馬斯拉雅" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Dharmasraya"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BE%B7%E5%93%88%E9%A6%AC%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E9%9B%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="德哈馬斯拉雅（页面不存在）">德哈馬斯拉雅</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dharmasraya" class="extiw" title="en:Dharmasraya"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Dharmasraya</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="甘迪斯王國" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Kandis Kingdom"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%98%E8%BF%AA%E6%96%AF%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="甘迪斯王國（页面不存在）">甘迪斯王國</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kandis_Kingdom" class="extiw" title="en:Kandis Kingdom"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Kandis Kingdom</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B2%E9%99%80%E5%88%A9" title="干陀利">干陀利</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AB%E7%BD%97%E7%91%9C" title="末罗瑜">末罗瑜</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mauli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mauli（页面不存在）">Mauli</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pannai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pannai（页面不存在）">Pannai</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samaskuta_Kingdom&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samaskuta Kingdom（页面不存在）">Samaskuta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E4%BD%9B%E9%BD%90" title="三佛齐">三佛齐</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%82%A3%E5%AD%A4%E5%84%BF" title="那孤儿">那孤儿</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">伊斯蘭教</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Flag_of_Aceh_Sultanate.svg/23px-Flag_of_Aceh_Sultanate.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Flag_of_Aceh_Sultanate.svg/35px-Flag_of_Aceh_Sultanate.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Flag_of_Aceh_Sultanate.svg/46px-Flag_of_Aceh_Sultanate.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2107" data-file-height="1340" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E9%BD%8A%E8%98%87%E4%B8%B9%E5%9C%8B" title="亞齊蘇丹國">亞齊蘇丹國</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%91%E9%B2%81" title="哑鲁">啞魯</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Asahan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Asahan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Asahan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Asahan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Asahan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Asahan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="亞沙漢蘇丹國" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Asahan Sultanate"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%9E%E6%B2%99%E6%BC%A2%E8%98%87%E4%B8%B9%E5%9C%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="亞沙漢蘇丹國（页面不存在）">亞沙漢蘇丹國</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asahan_Sultanate" class="extiw" title="en:Asahan Sultanate"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Asahan Sultanate</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Flag_of_the_Sultanate_of_Deli.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Sultanate_of_Deli.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Flag_of_the_Sultanate_of_Deli.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Sultanate_of_Deli.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Flag_of_the_Sultanate_of_Deli.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Sultanate_of_Deli.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1020" data-file-height="684" /></span></span></span> <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="日里蘇丹國" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Sultanate of Deli"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E9%87%8C%E8%98%87%E4%B8%B9%E5%9C%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="日里蘇丹國（页面不存在）">日里蘇丹國</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sultanate_of_Deli" class="extiw" title="en:Sultanate of Deli"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Sultanate of Deli</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Riau-Lingga_Sultanate_-_%28Sultan_Personal_Standard%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Riau-Lingga_Sultanate_-_%28Sultan_Personal_Standard%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Riau-Lingga_Sultanate_-_%28Sultan_Personal_Standard%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Riau-Lingga_Sultanate_-_%28Sultan_Personal_Standard%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Riau-Lingga_Sultanate_-_%28Sultan_Personal_Standard%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Riau-Lingga_Sultanate_-_%28Sultan_Personal_Standard%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span></span> <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="占碑蘇丹國" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Jambi Sultanate"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%A0%E7%A2%91%E8%98%87%E4%B8%B9%E5%9C%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="占碑蘇丹國（页面不存在）">占碑蘇丹國</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jambi_Sultanate" class="extiw" title="en:Jambi Sultanate"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Jambi Sultanate</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/White_Flag_of_the_Malay_Sultanates.svg/23px-White_Flag_of_the_Malay_Sultanates.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/White_Flag_of_the_Malay_Sultanates.svg/35px-White_Flag_of_the_Malay_Sultanates.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/White_Flag_of_the_Malay_Sultanates.svg/46px-White_Flag_of_the_Malay_Sultanates.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%94%E4%BD%9B%E8%8B%8F%E4%B8%B9%E5%9B%BD" title="柔佛苏丹国">柔佛蘇丹國</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Flag_of_Sultanate_of_Langkat.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sultanate_of_Langkat.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Flag_of_Sultanate_of_Langkat.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sultanate_of_Langkat.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Flag_of_Sultanate_of_Langkat.svg/45px-Flag_of_Sultanate_of_Langkat.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="332" /></span></span></span> <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="朗卡特蘇丹國" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Sultanate of Langkat"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%97%E5%8D%A1%E7%89%B9%E8%98%87%E4%B8%B9%E5%9C%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="朗卡特蘇丹國（页面不存在）">朗卡特蘇丹國</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sultanate_of_Langkat" class="extiw" title="en:Sultanate of Langkat"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Sultanate of Langkat</span></a></span>）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:Error mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Project:%E4%B8%8A%E4%BC%A0?wpDestFile=Islamic_flag_as_shown_in_the_Cantino_Planisphere_(1512).png" class="new" title="File:Islamic flag as shown in the Cantino Planisphere (1512).png"><span class="mw-file-element mw-broken-media" data-width="23" data-height="15">File:Islamic flag as shown in the Cantino Planisphere (1512).png</span></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%AD%E7%94%B2%E8%8B%8F%E4%B8%B9%E5%9B%BD" title="马六甲苏丹国">马六甲苏丹国</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="巨港蘇丹國" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Palembang Sultanate"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%A8%E6%B8%AF%E8%98%87%E4%B8%B9%E5%9C%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="巨港蘇丹國（页面不存在）">巨港蘇丹國</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palembang_Sultanate" class="extiw" title="en:Palembang Sultanate"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Palembang Sultanate</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Flag_of_Pagaruyung.jpg/23px-Flag_of_Pagaruyung.jpg" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Flag_of_Pagaruyung.jpg/35px-Flag_of_Pagaruyung.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Flag_of_Pagaruyung.jpg/46px-Flag_of_Pagaruyung.jpg 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="288" /></span></span></span> <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="巴葛魯容王國" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Pagaruyung Kingdom"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%B4%E8%91%9B%E9%AD%AF%E5%AE%B9%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="巴葛魯容王國（页面不存在）">巴葛魯容王國</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagaruyung_Kingdom" class="extiw" title="en:Pagaruyung Kingdom"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Pagaruyung Kingdom</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flag_of_Riau-Lingga_Sultanate.svg/23px-Flag_of_Riau-Lingga_Sultanate.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flag_of_Riau-Lingga_Sultanate.svg/35px-Flag_of_Riau-Lingga_Sultanate.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flag_of_Riau-Lingga_Sultanate.svg/45px-Flag_of_Riau-Lingga_Sultanate.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span></span> <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="廖內-林加蘇丹國" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Riau-Lingga Sultanate"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BB%96%E5%85%A7-%E6%9E%97%E5%8A%A0%E8%98%87%E4%B8%B9%E5%9C%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="廖內-林加蘇丹國（页面不存在）">廖內-林加蘇丹國</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riau-Lingga_Sultanate" class="extiw" title="en:Riau-Lingga Sultanate"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Riau-Lingga Sultanate</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E6%9C%A8%E9%83%BD%E5%89%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="苏木都剌国">蘇木都剌國</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Royal_Malay_Banner_%28Yellow%29.svg/23px-Royal_Malay_Banner_%28Yellow%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Royal_Malay_Banner_%28Yellow%29.svg/35px-Royal_Malay_Banner_%28Yellow%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Royal_Malay_Banner_%28Yellow%29.svg/45px-Royal_Malay_Banner_%28Yellow%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="533" /></span></span></span> <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="沙登蘇丹國" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Sultanate of Serdang"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B2%99%E7%99%BB%E8%98%87%E4%B8%B9%E5%9C%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="沙登蘇丹國（页面不存在）">沙登蘇丹國</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sultanate_of_Serdang" class="extiw" title="en:Sultanate of Serdang"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Sultanate of Serdang</span></a></span>）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Flag_of_Sultanate_of_Siak_Sri_Indrapura.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sultanate_of_Siak_Sri_Indrapura.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Flag_of_Sultanate_of_Siak_Sri_Indrapura.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sultanate_of_Siak_Sri_Indrapura.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Flag_of_Sultanate_of_Siak_Sri_Indrapura.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sultanate_of_Siak_Sri_Indrapura.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="330" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%94%A1%E4%BA%9A%E8%8B%8F%E4%B8%B9%E5%9B%BD" title="锡亚苏丹国">锡亚苏丹国</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E9%87%8C%E6%9B%BC%E4%B8%B9" title="加里曼丹">加里曼丹</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Banjar_Sultanate_Flag.svg/23px-Banjar_Sultanate_Flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Banjar_Sultanate_Flag.svg/35px-Banjar_Sultanate_Flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Banjar_Sultanate_Flag.svg/45px-Banjar_Sultanate_Flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="531" data-file-height="354" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%AD%E8%B4%BE%E5%B0%94%E8%8B%8F%E4%B8%B9%E5%9B%BD" title="班贾尔苏丹国">班贾尔苏丹国</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Old_Flag_of_Brunei.svg/23px-Old_Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Old_Flag_of_Brunei.svg/35px-Old_Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Old_Flag_of_Brunei.svg/46px-Old_Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%B6%E8%90%8A%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="汶萊帝國">汶萊帝國</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Bulungan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulungan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Bulungan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bulungan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Bulungan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Bulungan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></span></span></span> <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="布隆岸蘇丹國" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Sultanate of Bulungan"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B8%83%E9%9A%86%E5%B2%B8%E8%98%87%E4%B8%B9%E5%9C%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="布隆岸蘇丹國（页面不存在）">布隆岸蘇丹國</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sultanate_of_Bulungan" class="extiw" title="en:Sultanate of Bulungan"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Sultanate of Bulungan</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Bendera_Kesultanan_Kutai_Kartanegara_ing_Martadipura.png/21px-Bendera_Kesultanan_Kutai_Kartanegara_ing_Martadipura.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Bendera_Kesultanan_Kutai_Kartanegara_ing_Martadipura.png/32px-Bendera_Kesultanan_Kutai_Kartanegara_ing_Martadipura.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Bendera_Kesultanan_Kutai_Kartanegara_ing_Martadipura.png/42px-Bendera_Kesultanan_Kutai_Kartanegara_ing_Martadipura.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="725" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E6%B3%B0" title="古泰">古泰</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Lanfang_Republic_Reconstructed_Flag.svg/23px-Lanfang_Republic_Reconstructed_Flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Lanfang_Republic_Reconstructed_Flag.svg/35px-Lanfang_Republic_Reconstructed_Flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Lanfang_Republic_Reconstructed_Flag.svg/45px-Lanfang_Republic_Reconstructed_Flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1280" /></span></span></span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">蘭芳共和國</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Negara_Daha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Negara Daha（页面不存在）">Negara Daha</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Pontianak_Sultanate.svg/19px-Flag_of_Pontianak_Sultanate.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Pontianak_Sultanate.svg/29px-Flag_of_Pontianak_Sultanate.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Pontianak_Sultanate.svg/38px-Flag_of_Pontianak_Sultanate.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%9D%A4%E7%94%B8%E8%8B%8F%E4%B8%B9%E5%9B%BD" title="坤甸苏丹国">坤甸苏丹国</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Bendera_sambas.png/23px-Bendera_sambas.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Bendera_sambas.png/35px-Bendera_sambas.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Bendera_sambas.png/46px-Bendera_sambas.png 2x" data-file-width="3310" data-file-height="1987" /></span></span></span> <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="三發蘇丹國" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Sultanate of Sambas"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%89%E7%99%BC%E8%98%87%E4%B8%B9%E5%9C%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="三發蘇丹國（页面不存在）">三發蘇丹國</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sultanate_of_Sambas" class="extiw" title="en:Sultanate of Sambas"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Sultanate of Sambas</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Old_Flag_of_Brunei.svg/23px-Old_Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Old_Flag_of_Brunei.svg/35px-Old_Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Old_Flag_of_Brunei.svg/46px-Old_Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></span> <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="砂拉越蘇丹國" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Sultanate of Sarawak"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A0%82%E6%8B%89%E8%B6%8A%E8%98%87%E4%B8%B9%E5%9C%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="砂拉越蘇丹國（页面不存在）">砂拉越蘇丹國</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sultanate_of_Sarawak" class="extiw" title="en:Sultanate of Sarawak"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Sultanate of Sarawak</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Sultanate_of_Matan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sultanate_of_Matan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Sultanate_of_Matan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sultanate_of_Matan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Sultanate_of_Matan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Sultanate_of_Matan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="533" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B9%E6%88%8E%E5%B8%83%E6%8B%89%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B" title="丹戎布拉王國">丹戎布拉王國</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E5%90%89%E4%B8%B9" title="苏吉丹">苏吉丹</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E6%8B%89%E5%A8%81%E8%A5%BF%E5%B3%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="蘇拉威西島">蘇拉威西島</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_the_Sultanate_of_Gowa.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Sultanate_of_Gowa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_the_Sultanate_of_Gowa.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Sultanate_of_Gowa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_the_Sultanate_of_Gowa.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Sultanate_of_Gowa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%88%88%E7%93%A6%E8%8B%8F%E4%B8%B9%E5%9B%BD" title="戈瓦苏丹国">戈瓦苏丹国</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Bendera_Kesultanan_Bone.png/21px-Bendera_Kesultanan_Bone.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Bendera_Kesultanan_Bone.png/32px-Bendera_Kesultanan_Bone.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Bendera_Kesultanan_Bone.png/42px-Bendera_Kesultanan_Bone.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="929" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%B0%BC%E8%8B%8F%E4%B8%B9%E5%9B%BD" title="波尼苏丹国">波尼苏丹国</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Macangnge_Flag_of_Luwu.jpg/23px-Macangnge_Flag_of_Luwu.jpg" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Macangnge_Flag_of_Luwu.jpg/35px-Macangnge_Flag_of_Luwu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Macangnge_Flag_of_Luwu.jpg/46px-Macangnge_Flag_of_Luwu.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2333" data-file-height="1469" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A2%E9%9B%BE%E7%8E%8B%E5%9B%BD" title="卢雾王国">卢雾王国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%93%A6%E4%B9%85%E7%8E%8B%E5%9B%BD" title="瓦久王国">瓦久王国</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Lordship_of_Banggai.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lordship_of_Banggai.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Lordship_of_Banggai.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lordship_of_Banggai.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Lordship_of_Banggai.svg/46px-Flag_of_Lordship_of_Banggai.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="225" /></span></span></span> <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="邦蓋王國" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Kingdom of Banggai"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%82%A6%E8%93%8B%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="邦蓋王國（页面不存在）">邦蓋王國</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Banggai" class="extiw" title="en:Kingdom of Banggai"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Kingdom of Banggai</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E5%B7%BD%E4%BB%96%E7%BE%A4%E5%B2%9B" title="小巽他群岛">小巽他群島</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Old_Flag_of_Bali.svg/23px-Old_Flag_of_Bali.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Old_Flag_of_Bali.svg/35px-Old_Flag_of_Bali.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Old_Flag_of_Bali.svg/45px-Old_Flag_of_Bali.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="270" data-file-height="180" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%8E%98%E7%8E%8B%E5%9B%BD" title="巴厘王国">巴厘王国</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Bendera_Kesultanan_Bima.png/23px-Bendera_Kesultanan_Bima.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Bendera_Kesultanan_Bima.png/35px-Bendera_Kesultanan_Bima.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Bendera_Kesultanan_Bima.png/46px-Bendera_Kesultanan_Bima.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="714" /></span></span></span> <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="比馬蘇丹國" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Bima Sultanate"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AF%94%E9%A6%AC%E8%98%87%E4%B8%B9%E5%9C%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="比馬蘇丹國（页面不存在）">比馬蘇丹國</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bima_Sultanate" class="extiw" title="en:Bima Sultanate"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Bima Sultanate</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="拉蘭圖卡王國" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Kingdom of Larantuka"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8B%89%E8%98%AD%E5%9C%96%E5%8D%A1%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="拉蘭圖卡王國（页面不存在）">拉蘭圖卡王國</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Larantuka" class="extiw" title="en:Kingdom of Larantuka"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Kingdom of Larantuka</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solor_Watan_Lema_Confederation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Solor Watan Lema Confederation（页面不存在）">Solor Watan Lema</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%B8%9D%E6%B1%B6" title="西帝汶">西帝汶</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amabi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amabi（页面不存在）">Amabi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amanatun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amanatun（页面不存在）">Amanatun</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amanuban&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amanuban（页面不存在）">Amanuban</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amarasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amarasi（页面不存在）">Amarasi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sonbai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sonbai（页面不存在）">Sonbai</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wehali&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wehali（页面不存在）">Wehali</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E9%B9%BF%E5%8A%A0%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="摩鹿加群島">摩鹿加群島</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Iha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kingdom of Iha（页面不存在）">Iha</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_South_Moluccas.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Moluccas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_South_Moluccas.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Moluccas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_South_Moluccas.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Moluccas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E9%A9%AC%E9%B2%81%E5%8F%A4%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="南马鲁古共和国">南马鲁古共和国</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Bendera_Ternate_-_Almulk_Buldan_Ternate.svg/23px-Bendera_Ternate_-_Almulk_Buldan_Ternate.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Bendera_Ternate_-_Almulk_Buldan_Ternate.svg/35px-Bendera_Ternate_-_Almulk_Buldan_Ternate.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Bendera_Ternate_-_Almulk_Buldan_Ternate.svg/45px-Bendera_Ternate_-_Almulk_Buldan_Ternate.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="640" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E5%B0%94%E7%BA%B3%E7%89%B9%E8%8B%8F%E4%B8%B9%E5%9B%BD" title="特尔纳特苏丹国">特尔纳特苏丹国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%92%82%E5%A4%9A%E9%9B%B7%E8%98%87%E4%B8%B9%E5%9C%8B" title="蒂多雷蘇丹國">蒂多雷蘇丹國</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="賈伊洛洛蘇丹國" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Sultanate of Jailolo"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B3%88%E4%BC%8A%E6%B4%9B%E6%B4%9B%E8%98%87%E4%B8%B9%E5%9C%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="賈伊洛洛蘇丹國（页面不存在）">賈伊洛洛蘇丹國</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sultanate_of_Jailolo" class="extiw" title="en:Sultanate of Jailolo"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Sultanate of Jailolo</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="巴占蘇丹國" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Sultanate of Bacan"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%B4%E5%8D%A0%E8%98%87%E4%B8%B9%E5%9C%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="巴占蘇丹國（页面不存在）">巴占蘇丹國</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sultanate_of_Bacan" class="extiw" title="en:Sultanate of Bacan"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Sultanate of Bacan</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%B9%BE%E5%85%A7%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="新幾內亞">新幾內亞</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Kerajaan_Kaimana_Papua.gif/23px-Kerajaan_Kaimana_Papua.gif" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Kerajaan_Kaimana_Papua.gif/35px-Kerajaan_Kaimana_Papua.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Kerajaan_Kaimana_Papua.gif/45px-Kerajaan_Kaimana_Papua.gif 2x" data-file-width="324" data-file-height="216" /></span></span></span> <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="凱馬納王國" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Kingdom of Kaimana"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%87%B1%E9%A6%AC%E7%B4%8D%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="凱馬納王國（页面不存在）">凱馬納王國</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kaimana" class="extiw" title="en:Kingdom of Kaimana"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Kingdom of Kaimana</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">检索自“<a dir="ltr" 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