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Medang Kamulan - Wikipedia

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searchaux" style="display:none">Javanese semi-mythological kingdom</div> <p><b>Medang Kamulan</b> was a <a href="/wiki/Mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Mythology">semi-mythological</a> kingdom that is believed to be once established somewhere in <a href="/wiki/Central_Java" title="Central Java">Central Java</a> according to <a href="/wiki/Javanese_mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Javanese mythology">Javanese mythology</a>. It is either perceived as the predecessor or the actual historical kingdom of the <a href="/wiki/Medang_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Medang Kingdom">Medang Kingdom</a>. "Kamulan" is derived from the word "mula" in <a href="/wiki/Javanese_language" title="Javanese language">Javanese</a> and means "origin", hence "Medang Kamulan" can be interpreted as "pre-Medang" or "Medang the origin". </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Myths">Myths</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Medang_Kamulan&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Myths"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The kingdom is considered by historians and archaeology scholars as semi-mythological, since there is no actual archaeological remnant and historical sources (such as inscriptions) that mentioned about the "Medang Kamulan" kingdom. The name of the kingdom appears in a number of Javanese myths, legends, and <a href="/wiki/Folklore" title="Folklore">folklores</a>; such as the legend of <a href="/wiki/Aji_Saka" title="Aji Saka">Aji Saka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dewi_Sri" title="Dewi Sri">Dewi Sri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Loro_Jonggrang_(legend)" class="mw-redirect" title="Loro Jonggrang (legend)">Roro Jonggrang</a>, and in a Javanese <a href="/wiki/Wayang" title="Wayang">wayang</a> story mentioning that Medang Kamulan was the kingdom where <a href="/wiki/Batara_Guru" title="Batara Guru">Batara Guru</a> ruled and created <a href="/wiki/Gamelan" title="Gamelan">gamelan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The Roro Jonggrang legend mentioned that the kingdom was ruled by a king named Prabu Gilingwesi.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sundanese_tradition">Sundanese tradition</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Medang_Kamulan&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Sundanese tradition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Sundanese_people" title="Sundanese people">Sundanese</a> tradition recognize this kingdom in their legend as the predecessor of the <a href="/wiki/Galuh_Kingdom" title="Galuh Kingdom">Galuh Kingdom</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_legend_of_Aji_Saka">The legend of Aji Saka</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Medang_Kamulan&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: The legend of Aji Saka"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Aji Saka legend mentioned that the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bledug_Kuwu&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Bledug Kuwu (page does not exist)">Bledug Kuwu</a> mud volcano in <a href="/wiki/Grobogan_Regency" title="Grobogan Regency">Grobogan Regency</a> was the place where the giant serpent Jaka Linglung appeared before defeating Prabu Dewata Cengkar.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Also in the legend, Medang Kamulan was ruled by the evil giant king named Prabu Dewata Cengkar. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bujangga_Manik">Bujangga Manik</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Medang_Kamulan&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: Bujangga Manik"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Line 782 and 783 of the second manuscript of the 15th century <i><a href="/wiki/Bujangga_Manik" title="Bujangga Manik">Bujangga Manik</a></i> mentioned that after leaving Pulutan (correspond to a village name in west <a href="/wiki/Purwodadi_Grobogan" class="mw-redirect" title="Purwodadi Grobogan">Purwodadi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Central_Java" title="Central Java">Central Java</a>) he arrived in "Medang Kamulan". Later after crossing the <a href="/wiki/Solo_River" title="Solo River">Wuluyu river</a>, he arrived in <a href="/wiki/Madiun" title="Madiun">Gegelang</a> located south of Medang Kamulan.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> This manuscript was the first written record that mentioned a place named Medang Kamulan, although at that time it was not a kingdom. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Serat_Centhini">Serat Centhini</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Medang_Kamulan&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: Serat Centhini"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Serat_Centhini" title="Serat Centhini">Serat Centhini</a> mentions the location of a Medang Kamulan palace on the north-east of Kasanga <a href="/wiki/Mud_volcano" title="Mud volcano">mud volcano</a>, which was the place where Jaka Linglung was said to be dead. Jayengresmi found it had become a dense forest while the ruin was nowhere to be seen.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Possible_historical_kingdom">Possible historical kingdom</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Medang_Kamulan&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section: Possible historical kingdom"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Van_der_Meulen" title="Van der Meulen">Van der Meulen</a> suggests, although not quite convinced, that Medang Kamulan refers to "<i>Hasin-Medang-Kuwu-lang-pi-ya</i>" suggested by van Orsoy<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> in his article about the <a href="/wiki/Kalingga" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalingga">Ho-Ling</a> (Kalingga) kingdom mentioned in Chinese record. </p><p>It was possible that the mention of the Medang Kamulan kingdom in several Javanese legends and myths was the remnant of local Javanese collective memory on the existence of an ancient kingdom named "Medang" which was actually corresponded to the historical 8th to 11th century <a href="/wiki/Medang_kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Medang kingdom">Kingdom of Medang</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Medang_Kamulan&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.joglosemar.co.id/wayang_kingdom/hastinapura.html">Kerajaan Hastinapura</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.petra.ac.id/eastjava/cities/madura/history.htm">Sejarah Madura</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090928080139/http://www.petra.ac.id/eastjava/cities/madura/history.htm">Archived</a> 2009-09-28 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wisatamelayu.com/en/object.php?a=REpSL1U5bWh1MGY%3D=&amp;nav=cat">Bledug Kuwu</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Noorduyn, J. 1982. <i>BKI</i> 138:412-442</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription 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.cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFRanggasutrasna1991" class="citation book cs1">Ranggasutrasna, Ngabei (1991). <i>Centhini: Tambangraras-Amongraga, Vol. I, p. 74</i>. Jakarta: Balai Pustaka. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/979-407-358-X" title="Special:BookSources/979-407-358-X"><bdi>979-407-358-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Centhini%3A+Tambangraras-Amongraga%2C+Vol.+I%2C+p.+74&amp;rft.place=Jakarta&amp;rft.pub=Balai+Pustaka&amp;rft.date=1991&amp;rft.isbn=979-407-358-X&amp;rft.aulast=Ranggasutrasna&amp;rft.aufirst=Ngabei&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMedang+Kamulan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Van der Meulen. 1977. <i>Indonesia</i> 23:87-111 page 101, footnote no. 56</span> </li> </ol></div></div><div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist 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style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hindu/Buddhist</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blambangan_Kingdom" title="Blambangan Kingdom">Blambangan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galuh_Kingdom" title="Galuh Kingdom">Galuh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ishana_dynasty" title="Ishana dynasty">Ishana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janggala" title="Janggala">Janggala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kahuripan" title="Kahuripan">Kahuripan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalingga_kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalingga kingdom">Kalingga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kediri_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Kediri Kingdom">Kediri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majapahit" title="Majapahit">Majapahit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mataram_kingdom" 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style="width:1%">Hindu/Buddhist</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dharmasraya" title="Dharmasraya">Dharmasraya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kantoli" title="Kantoli">Kantoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melayu_Kingdom" title="Melayu Kingdom">Malayu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauli" title="Mauli">Mauli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pannai" title="Pannai">Pannai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samaskuta_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Samaskuta Kingdom">Samaskuta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanfotsi" title="Sanfotsi">Sanfotsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Srivijaya" title="Srivijaya">Srivijaya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Islamic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aceh_Sultanate" title="Aceh Sultanate">Aceh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aru_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Aru Kingdom">Aru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asahan_Sultanate" title="Asahan Sultanate">Asahan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Deli" title="Sultanate of Deli">Deli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jambi_Sultanate" title="Jambi Sultanate">Jambi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johor_Sultanate" title="Johor Sultanate">Johor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Langkat" title="Sultanate of Langkat">Langkat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malacca_Sultanate" title="Malacca Sultanate">Malacca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palembang_Sultanate" title="Palembang Sultanate">Palembang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pagaruyung_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Pagaruyung Kingdom">Pagaruyung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riau-Lingga_Sultanate" title="Riau-Lingga Sultanate">Riau-Lingga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samudera_Pasai_Sultanate" title="Samudera Pasai Sultanate">Samudera Pasai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Serdang" title="Sultanate of Serdang">Serdang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Siak_Sri_Indrapura" title="Sultanate of Siak Sri Indrapura">Siak</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kalimantan" title="Kalimantan">Kalimantan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Banjar" title="Sultanate of Banjar">Banjar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruneian_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Bruneian Empire">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Bulungan" title="Sultanate of Bulungan">Bulungan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kutai" title="Kutai">Kutai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanfang_Republic" title="Lanfang Republic">Lanfang Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negara_Dipa" title="Negara Dipa">Negara Dipa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negara_Daha" title="Negara Daha">Negara Daha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontianak_Sultanate" title="Pontianak Sultanate">Pontianak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Sambas" title="Sultanate of Sambas">Sambas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Sarawak" title="Sultanate of Sarawak">Sarawak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanjungpura_Kingdom" title="Tanjungpura Kingdom">Tanjungpura</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sulawesi" title="Sulawesi">Sulawesi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Gowa" title="Sultanate of Gowa">Gowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bone_state" class="mw-redirect" title="Bone state">Bone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Buton" title="Sultanate of Buton">Buton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luwu" class="mw-redirect" title="Luwu">Luwu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wajoq" title="Wajoq">Wajo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Banggai" title="Kingdom of Banggai">Banggai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Siau" title="Kingdom of Siau">Siau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lesser_Sunda_Islands" title="Lesser Sunda Islands">Lesser Sunda Islands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bali_Kingdom" title="Bali Kingdom">Bali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bima_Sultanate" title="Bima Sultanate">Bima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Larantuka" title="Kingdom of Larantuka">Larantuka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Mengwi" title="Kingdom of Mengwi">Mengwi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solor_Watan_Lema_Confederation&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Solor Watan Lema Confederation (page does not exist)">Solor Watan Lema</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/West_Timor" title="West Timor">West Timor</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amabi" title="Amabi">Amabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amanatun" title="Amanatun">Amanatun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amanuban" title="Amanuban">Amanuban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amarasi" title="Amarasi">Amarasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonbai" title="Sonbai">Sonbai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wehali" title="Wehali">Wehali</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Maluku_Islands" title="Maluku Islands">Maluku</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Iha" title="Kingdom of Iha">Iha</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Honimoa&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kingdom of Honimoa (page does not exist)">Honimoa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Huamual&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Huamual (page does not exist)">Huamual</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;">&#160;&#91;<a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerajaan_Huamual" class="extiw" title="id:Kerajaan Huamual">id</a>&#93;</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sultanate_of_Loloda&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Sultanate of Loloda (page does not exist)">Loloda</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Negeri_Soya&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Negeri Soya (page does not exist)">Negeri Soya</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;">&#160;&#91;<a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negeri_Soya" class="extiw" title="id:Negeri Soya">id</a>&#93;</span></li> <li><a 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