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We aimed to assess socioeconomic-related inequalities in uptake of continuous care for people living with HIV" /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="http://a.academia-assets.com/images/twitter-card.jpeg" /> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="2369844204" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.academia.edu/91900172/Measuring_and_explaining_inequality_of_continuous_care_for_people_living_with_HIV_receiving_antiretroviral_therapy_in_Kunming_China" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Measuring and explaining inequality of continuous care for people living with HIV receiving antiretroviral therapy in Kunming, China" /> <meta property="og:image" content="http://a.academia-assets.com/images/open-graph-icons/fb-paper.gif" /> <meta property="og:description" content="Background In the context of scaling up free antiretroviral therapy (ART), healthcare equality is essential for people living with HIV. We aimed to assess socioeconomic-related inequalities in uptake of continuous care for people living with HIV" /> <meta property="article:author" content="https://independent.academia.edu/SawitriAssanangkornchai" /> <meta name="description" content="Background In the context of scaling up free antiretroviral therapy (ART), healthcare equality is essential for people living with HIV. We aimed to assess socioeconomic-related inequalities in uptake of continuous care for people living with HIV" /> <title>(PDF) Measuring and explaining inequality of continuous care for people living with HIV receiving antiretroviral therapy in Kunming, China | Sawitri Assanangkornchai - Academia.edu</title> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.academia.edu/91900172/Measuring_and_explaining_inequality_of_continuous_care_for_people_living_with_HIV_receiving_antiretroviral_therapy_in_Kunming_China" /> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5VKX33P2DS', { cookie_domain: 'academia.edu', send_page_view: false, }); gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'controller': "single_work", 'action': "show", 'controller_action': 'single_work#show', 'logged_in': 'false', 'edge': 'unknown', // Send nil if there is no A/B test bucket, in case some records get logged // with missing data - that way we can distinguish between the two cases. // ab_test_bucket should be of the form <ab_test_name>:<bucket> 'ab_test_bucket': null, }) </script> <script> var $controller_name = 'single_work'; var $action_name = "show"; var $rails_env = 'production'; var $app_rev = '92477ec68c09d28ae4730a4143c926f074776319'; var $domain = 'academia.edu'; var $app_host = "academia.edu"; var $asset_host = "academia-assets.com"; var $start_time = new Date().getTime(); var $recaptcha_key = "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB"; var $recaptcha_invisible_key = "6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj"; var $disableClientRecordHit = false; </script> <script> window.require = { config: function() { return function() {} } } </script> <script> window.Aedu = window.Aedu || {}; window.Aedu.hit_data = null; window.Aedu.serverRenderTime = new Date(1732855727000); window.Aedu.timeDifference = new Date().getTime() - 1732855727000; </script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"ScholarlyArticle","abstract":"Background In the context of scaling up free antiretroviral therapy (ART), healthcare equality is essential for people living with HIV. We aimed to assess socioeconomic-related inequalities in uptake of continuous care for people living with HIV receiving ART, including retention in care in the last six months, routine toxicity monitoring, adequate immunological and virological monitoring, and uptake of mental health assessment in the last 12 months. We also determined the contributions of socioeconomic factors to the degree of inequalities. Methods A hospital-based cross-sectional survey was conducted among consecutive clients visiting an HIV treatment center in Kunming, China in 2019. Participants were 702 people living with HIV aged ≥18 years (median age: 41.0 years, 69.4% male) who had been on ART for 1–5 years. Socioeconomic-related inequality and its contributing factors were assessed by a normalized concentration index (CIn) with a decomposition approach. Results The uptake o...","author":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Sawitri Assanangkornchai"}],"contributor":[],"dateCreated":"2022-11-29","dateModified":null,"datePublished":"2021-01-01","headline":"Measuring and explaining inequality of continuous care for people living with HIV receiving antiretroviral therapy in Kunming, China","inLanguage":"en","keywords":["Mental Health","Medicine","Multidisciplinary","PLoS one","Socioeconomic Status"],"locationCreated":null,"publication":"PLOS ONE","publisher":{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Organization","name":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)"},"image":null,"thumbnailUrl":null,"url":"https://www.academia.edu/91900172/Measuring_and_explaining_inequality_of_continuous_care_for_people_living_with_HIV_receiving_antiretroviral_therapy_in_Kunming_China","sourceOrganization":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"EducationalOrganization","name":null}]}</script><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" 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{"work":{"id":91900172,"created_at":"2022-11-29T22:52:54.811-08:00","from_world_paper_id":221640031,"updated_at":"2022-11-29T23:16:06.212-08:00","_data":{"abstract":"Background In the context of scaling up free antiretroviral therapy (ART), healthcare equality is essential for people living with HIV. We aimed to assess socioeconomic-related inequalities in uptake of continuous care for people living with HIV receiving ART, including retention in care in the last six months, routine toxicity monitoring, adequate immunological and virological monitoring, and uptake of mental health assessment in the last 12 months. We also determined the contributions of socioeconomic factors to the degree of inequalities. Methods A hospital-based cross-sectional survey was conducted among consecutive clients visiting an HIV treatment center in Kunming, China in 2019. Participants were 702 people living with HIV aged ≥18 years (median age: 41.0 years, 69.4% male) who had been on ART for 1–5 years. Socioeconomic-related inequality and its contributing factors were assessed by a normalized concentration index (CIn) with a decomposition approach. Results The uptake o...","publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","publication_date":"2021,,","publication_name":"PLOS ONE"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Measuring and explaining inequality of continuous care for people living with HIV receiving antiretroviral therapy in Kunming, China","broadcastable":false,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [51369985]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "control"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loswp.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon';</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":95056372,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “Measuring and explaining inequality of continuous care for people living with HIV receiving antiretroviral therapy in Kunming, China”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/95056372/mini_magick20221130-1-h0giz8.png?1669791275" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/single_work_splash/adobe.icon-574afd46eb6b03a77a153a647fb47e30546f9215c0ee6a25df597a779717f9ef.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">Measuring and explaining inequality of continuous care for people living with HIV receiving antiretroviral therapy in Kunming, China</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="51369985" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SawitriAssanangkornchai"><img alt="Profile image of Sawitri Assanangkornchai" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/s65_no_pic.png" />Sawitri Assanangkornchai</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2021, PLOS ONE</p></div><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">Background In the context of scaling up free antiretroviral therapy (ART), healthcare equality is essential for people living with HIV. We aimed to assess socioeconomic-related inequalities in uptake of continuous care for people living with HIV receiving ART, including retention in care in the last six months, routine toxicity monitoring, adequate immunological and virological monitoring, and uptake of mental health assessment in the last 12 months. We also determined the contributions of socioeconomic factors to the degree of inequalities. Methods A hospital-based cross-sectional survey was conducted among consecutive clients visiting an HIV treatment center in Kunming, China in 2019. Participants were 702 people living with HIV aged ≥18 years (median age: 41.0 years, 69.4% male) who had been on ART for 1–5 years. Socioeconomic-related inequality and its contributing factors were assessed by a normalized concentration index (CIn) with a decomposition approach. Results The uptake o...</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":95056372,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/91900172/Measuring_and_explaining_inequality_of_continuous_care_for_people_living_with_HIV_receiving_antiretroviral_therapy_in_Kunming_China"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":95056372,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/91900172/Measuring_and_explaining_inequality_of_continuous_care_for_people_living_with_HIV_receiving_antiretroviral_therapy_in_Kunming_China"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div></div><div data-auto_select="false" data-client_id="331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b" data-doc_id="95056372" data-landing_url="https://www.academia.edu/91900172/Measuring_and_explaining_inequality_of_continuous_care_for_people_living_with_HIV_receiving_antiretroviral_therapy_in_Kunming_China" data-login_uri="https://www.academia.edu/registrations/google_one_tap" data-moment_callback="onGoogleOneTapEvent" id="g_id_onload"></div><div class="ds-top-related-works--grid-container"><div class="ds-related-content--container ds-top-related-works--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="55266288" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/55266288/Measuring_the_uptake_of_continuous_care_among_people_living_with_HIV_receiving_antiretroviral_therapy_and_social_determinants_of_the_uptake_of_continuous_care_in_the_southwest_of_China_a_cross_sectional_study">Measuring the uptake of continuous care among people living with HIV receiving antiretroviral therapy and social determinants of the uptake of continuous care in the southwest of China: a cross-sectional study</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="60307235" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SAssanangkornchai">Sawitri Assanangkornchai</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">BMC Infectious Diseases</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Background Continuous care is essential for people living with HIV. This study aimed to measure continuous care uptake and investigate the association between higher uptake of continuous care and behavioral and social factors, including HIV-acquisition risk and socioeconomic characteristics. Methods A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from April to November 2019 in an HIV treatment center of a specialized hospital in Kunming city, China. Fourteen service indicators were used to calculate composite care scores, which were classified into three levels (low, middle, and high), using principal component analysis. The Behavioral Model for Vulnerable Populations was employed to examine predisposing, enabling, and need factors associated with composite care scores among people living with HIV. Results A total of 702 participants living with HIV aged ≥ 18 years (median age: 41.0 years, 69.4% male) who had been on ART for 1–5 years were recruited. Based on ordinal logistic r...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Measuring the uptake of continuous care among people living with HIV receiving antiretroviral therapy and social determinants of the uptake of continuous care in the southwest of China: a cross-sectional study","attachmentId":71217604,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/55266288/Measuring_the_uptake_of_continuous_care_among_people_living_with_HIV_receiving_antiretroviral_therapy_and_social_determinants_of_the_uptake_of_continuous_care_in_the_southwest_of_China_a_cross_sectional_study","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/55266288/Measuring_the_uptake_of_continuous_care_among_people_living_with_HIV_receiving_antiretroviral_therapy_and_social_determinants_of_the_uptake_of_continuous_care_in_the_southwest_of_China_a_cross_sectional_study"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="55266268" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/55266268/Can_socio_economic_differences_explain_low_expectation_of_health_services_among_HIV_patients_compared_to_non_HIV_counterparts">Can socio-economic differences explain low expectation of health services among HIV patients compared to non-HIV counterparts?</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="60307235" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SAssanangkornchai">Sawitri Assanangkornchai</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">BMC public health, 2016</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The health service of China has encountered significant challenges due to inequalities in socio-economic determinants of health. 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data-author-id="34493929" href="https://independent.academia.edu/QunhongWu">Qunhong Wu</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">PloS one, 2014</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">People with chronic non-communicable diseases (NCD) are particularly vulnerable to socioeconomic inequality due to their long-term expensive health needs. This study aimed to assess socioeconomic-related inequality in health service utilization among NCD patients in China and to analyze factors associated with this disparity. Data were taken from the 2008 Chinese National Health Survey, in which a multiple stage stratified random sampling method was employed to survey 56,456 households. We analyzed the distribution of actual use, need-expected use, and need-standardized usage of outpatient services (over a two-week period) and inpatient services (over one-year) across different income groups in 27,233 adult respondents who reported as having a NCD. We used a concentration index to measure inequality in the distribution of health services, which was expressed as HI (Horizontal Inequity Index) for need-standardized use of services. A non-linear probit regression model was employed to ...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Identifying determinants of socioeconomic inequality in health service utilization among patients with chronic non-communicable diseases in China","attachmentId":43300069,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/15357189/Identifying_determinants_of_socioeconomic_inequality_in_health_service_utilization_among_patients_with_chronic_non_communicable_diseases_in_China","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/15357189/Identifying_determinants_of_socioeconomic_inequality_in_health_service_utilization_among_patients_with_chronic_non_communicable_diseases_in_China"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="55266272" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/55266272/Comparison_of_health_system_responsiveness_between_HIV_and_non_HIV_patients_at_infectious_disease_clinics_in_Yunnan_China">Comparison of health system responsiveness between HIV and non-HIV patients at infectious disease clinics in Yunnan, China</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="60307235" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SAssanangkornchai">Sawitri Assanangkornchai</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Patient preference and adherence, 2018</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">China is in an epidemiologic transition period. Health system responsiveness (HSR) has become an increasing concern in China. With the burden of increasing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection/acquired immune deficiency syndrome, responsiveness of HIV care is urgently needed. We aimed at comparing the experience of HSR between HIV-positive and non-HIV patients. A cross-sectional study was carried out in Yunnan, China, from January to February 2015 among two consecutive groups of HIV and non-HIV patients in two hospitals with the largest HIV admissions. Patients&#39; experience and expectation of HSR were measured using a self-reported questionnaire containing items of seven domains and 35 vignettes (five per domain). Each of the items and vignettes was ranked from 1 &quot;very good&quot; to 5 &quot;very bad.&quot; For each domain, B-scales were built based on the difference between experience and the vignettes. Ordered probit and censored ordered probit regression models wer...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Comparison of health system responsiveness between HIV and non-HIV patients at infectious disease clinics in Yunnan, China","attachmentId":71217715,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/55266272/Comparison_of_health_system_responsiveness_between_HIV_and_non_HIV_patients_at_infectious_disease_clinics_in_Yunnan_China","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/55266272/Comparison_of_health_system_responsiveness_between_HIV_and_non_HIV_patients_at_infectious_disease_clinics_in_Yunnan_China"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="16973211" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/16973211/Unmet_Health_Service_Needs_of_Newly_Diagnosed_HIV_Positive_Men_Who_have_Sex_with_Men_in_China_Results_from_An_Ethnography">Unmet Health Service Needs of Newly Diagnosed HIV-Positive Men Who have Sex with Men in China: Results from An Ethnography</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="3720610" href="https://unc.academia.edu/HaochuLi">Haochu Li</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Unmet Health Service Needs of Newly Diagnosed HIV-Positive Men Who have Sex with Men in China: Results from An Ethnography","attachmentId":39286197,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/16973211/Unmet_Health_Service_Needs_of_Newly_Diagnosed_HIV_Positive_Men_Who_have_Sex_with_Men_in_China_Results_from_An_Ethnography","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/16973211/Unmet_Health_Service_Needs_of_Newly_Diagnosed_HIV_Positive_Men_Who_have_Sex_with_Men_in_China_Results_from_An_Ethnography"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="100005559" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/100005559/Socioeconomic_inequalities_of_outpatient_and_inpatient_service_utilization_in_China_personal_and_regional_perspectives">Socioeconomic inequalities of outpatient and inpatient service utilization in China: personal and regional perspectives</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="265281437" href="https://independent.academia.edu/daweizhu2">dawei zhu</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">International journal for equity in health, 2017</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">China&#39;s health system has shown remarkable progress in health provision and health outcomes in recent decades, however inequality in health care utilization persists and poses a serious social problem. While government pro-poor health policies addressed affordability as the major obstacle to equality in health care access, this policy direction deserves further examination. Our study examines the issue of health care inequalities in China, analyzing both regional and individual socioeconomic factors associated with the inequality, and provides evidence to improve governmental health policies. The China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) 1991-2011 data were used to analyze the inequality of health care utilization. The random effects logistic regression technique was used to model health care utilization as the dependent variable, and income and regional location as the independent variables, controlling for individuals&#39; age, gender, marital status, education, health insuranc...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Socioeconomic inequalities of outpatient and inpatient service utilization in China: personal and regional perspectives","attachmentId":100945268,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/100005559/Socioeconomic_inequalities_of_outpatient_and_inpatient_service_utilization_in_China_personal_and_regional_perspectives","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/100005559/Socioeconomic_inequalities_of_outpatient_and_inpatient_service_utilization_in_China_personal_and_regional_perspectives"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="98004344" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/98004344/Factors_Associated_with_Access_to_Antiretroviral_Therapy_Among_People_Living_with_Hiv_in_Vientiane_Capital_Lao_PDR">Factors Associated with Access to Antiretroviral Therapy Among People Living with Hiv in Vientiane Capital, Lao PDR</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="260298441" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JoshuaReyer">Joshua Reyer</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Nagoya Journal of Medical Science, 2015</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Since 2001, antiretroviral therapy (ART) has been available for people living with HIV (PLHIV) in Lao People’s Democratic Republic (PDR). Over 10 years of the ART program many HIV patients were found with advanced-stage AIDS in health care service facilities. This study aimed to examine factors associated with delayed access to ART among PLHIV in the capital of Vientiane. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 283 respondents (131 males and 152 females) aged 15 years or over. In this study, delayed access to ART was defined by a CD4 cell count of less than 350 cells/mm3 at the first screening, or those who presented with advanced AIDS-related symptoms. The odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated by a logistic model. After adjustment, young people (OR=2.17; 95% CI: 1.00–4.68; p=0.049), low education (OR=0.23; 95% CI: 0.10–0.55; p=0.001) and duration between risk behavior and HIV test (OR=3.83; 95% CI: 1.22–12.00; p=0.021) were significantly associated ...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Factors Associated with Access to Antiretroviral Therapy Among People Living with Hiv in Vientiane Capital, Lao PDR","attachmentId":99474172,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/98004344/Factors_Associated_with_Access_to_Antiretroviral_Therapy_Among_People_Living_with_Hiv_in_Vientiane_Capital_Lao_PDR","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/98004344/Factors_Associated_with_Access_to_Antiretroviral_Therapy_Among_People_Living_with_Hiv_in_Vientiane_Capital_Lao_PDR"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":95056372,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":95056372,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_95056372" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. You can download the paper by clicking the button above.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sidebar--container js-work-sidebar"><div class="ds-related-content--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="47152045" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/47152045/Evidence_of_High_Out_of_Pocket_Spending_for_HIV_Care_Leading_to_Catastrophic_Expenditure_for_Affected_Patients_in_Lao_Peoples_Democratic_Republic">Evidence of High Out of Pocket Spending for HIV Care Leading to Catastrophic Expenditure for Affected Patients in Lao People's Democratic Republic</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="83317706" href="https://fondcrf.academia.edu/PaulinKOFFI">Paulin KOFFI</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">PLOS ONE, 2015</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Evidence of High Out of Pocket Spending for HIV Care Leading to Catastrophic Expenditure for Affected Patients in Lao People's Democratic Republic","attachmentId":66396729,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/47152045/Evidence_of_High_Out_of_Pocket_Spending_for_HIV_Care_Leading_to_Catastrophic_Expenditure_for_Affected_Patients_in_Lao_Peoples_Democratic_Republic","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/47152045/Evidence_of_High_Out_of_Pocket_Spending_for_HIV_Care_Leading_to_Catastrophic_Expenditure_for_Affected_Patients_in_Lao_Peoples_Democratic_Republic"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="33367189" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/33367189/Trends_in_clinical_characteristics_of_HIV_infected_patients_initiating_antiretroviral_therapy_in_Shanghai_from_2006_to_2011">Trends in clinical characteristics of HIV-infected patients initiating antiretroviral therapy in Shanghai from 2006 to 2011</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a 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PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/33367189/Trends_in_clinical_characteristics_of_HIV_infected_patients_initiating_antiretroviral_therapy_in_Shanghai_from_2006_to_2011"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="98181613" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/98181613/The_Effect_of_Socioeconomic_Status_on_the_Survival_of_People_Receiving_Care_for_HIV_Infection_in_the_United_States">The Effect of Socioeconomic Status on the Survival of People Receiving Care for HIV Infection in the United States</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a 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class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/98181613/The_Effect_of_Socioeconomic_Status_on_the_Survival_of_People_Receiving_Care_for_HIV_Infection_in_the_United_States"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="47024742" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/47024742/Socioeconomic_status_and_treatment_outcomes_for_individuals_with_HIV_on_antiretroviral_treatment_in_the_UK_cross_sectional_and_longitudinal_analyses">Socioeconomic status and treatment outcomes for individuals with HIV on antiretroviral treatment in the UK: cross-sectional and longitudinal 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href="https://www.academia.edu/47024742/Socioeconomic_status_and_treatment_outcomes_for_individuals_with_HIV_on_antiretroviral_treatment_in_the_UK_cross_sectional_and_longitudinal_analyses"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="52810212" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/52810212/Steps_towards_Preventive_HIV_Treatment_in_Fujian_China_Problems_Identified_via_an_Assessment_of_Initial_Antiretroviral_Therapy_Provision">Steps towards Preventive HIV Treatment in Fujian, China: Problems Identified via an Assessment of Initial Antiretroviral Therapy Provision</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a 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