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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Data collection</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Data_collection-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Data collection subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Data_collection-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Census_regions_and_divisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Census_regions_and_divisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Census regions and divisions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Census_regions_and_divisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Uses_of_census_data" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uses_of_census_data"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Uses of census data</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Uses_of_census_data-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Data_stewardship" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Data_stewardship"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Data stewardship</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Data_stewardship-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ongoing_surveys" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ongoing_surveys"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Ongoing surveys</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ongoing_surveys-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_surveys_conducted" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_surveys_conducted"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Other surveys conducted</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_surveys_conducted-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Organizational_structure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organizational_structure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Organizational structure</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Organizational_structure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Computer_equipment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Computer_equipment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Computer equipment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Computer_equipment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Handheld_computers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Handheld_computers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Handheld computers</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Handheld_computers-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Handheld computers subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Handheld_computers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Security_precautions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Security_precautions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Security precautions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Security_precautions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Success_and_failure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Success_and_failure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Success and failure</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Success_and_failure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Research_studies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Research_studies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Research studies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Research_studies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_figures" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_figures"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Notable figures</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_figures-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">United States Census Bureau</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 59 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-59" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">59 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A8_%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%A9" title="مكتب تعداد الولايات المتحدة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مكتب تعداد الولايات المتحدة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oficina_del_Censu_de_los_Estaos_Xun%C3%ADos" title="Oficina del Censu de los Estaos Xuníos – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Oficina del Censu de los Estaos Xuníos" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/AB%C5%9E_Siyah%C4%B1yaalma_B%C3%BCrosu" title="ABŞ Siyahıyaalma Bürosu – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="ABŞ Siyahıyaalma Bürosu" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%B0" title="মার্কিন জনশুমারি দপ্তর – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মার্কিন জনশুমারি দপ্তর" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%AD-kok_Ph%C3%B3%CD%98-cha-kio%CC%8Dk" title="Bí-kok Phó͘-cha-kio̍k – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Bí-kok Phó͘-cha-kio̍k" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%96%D1%81%D1%83_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%86%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%97%D0%A8%D0%90" title="Бюро перапісу насельніцтва ЗША – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Бюро перапісу насельніцтва ЗША" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%BE_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%8F%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%90%D0%A9" title="Бюро за преброяване на населението на САЩ – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Бюро за преброяване на населението на САЩ" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oficina_del_Cens_dels_Estats_Units" title="Oficina del Cens dels Estats Units – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Oficina del Cens dels Estats Units" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="United States Census Bureau" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biwro_Cyfrifiad_yr_Unol_Daleithiau" title="Biwro Cyfrifiad yr Unol Daleithiau – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Biwro Cyfrifiad yr Unol Daleithiau" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="United States Census Bureau" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="United States Census Bureau" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ameerika_%C3%9Chendriikide_Rahvaloenduse_B%C3%BCroo" title="Ameerika Ühendriikide Rahvaloenduse Büroo – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ameerika Ühendriikide Rahvaloenduse Büroo" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oficina_del_Censo_de_los_Estados_Unidos" title="Oficina del Censo de los Estados Unidos – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Oficina del Censo de los Estados Unidos" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usona_Buroo_de_la_Censo" title="Usona Buroo de la Censo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Usona Buroo de la Censo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ameriketako_Estatu_Batuetako_Errolda_Bulegoa" title="Ameriketako Estatu Batuetako Errolda Bulegoa – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ameriketako Estatu Batuetako Errolda Bulegoa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87_%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%87_%D8%A2%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7" title="اداره سرشماری ایالات متحده آمریکا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اداره سرشماری ایالات متحده آمریکا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bureau_du_recensement_des_%C3%89tats-Unis" title="Bureau du recensement des États-Unis – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Bureau du recensement des États-Unis" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerikaansk_Folkstellingsburo" title="Amerikaansk Folkstellingsburo – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Amerikaansk Folkstellingsburo" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oficina_do_Censo_dos_Estados_Unidos_de_Am%C3%A9rica" title="Oficina do Censo dos Estados Unidos de América – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Oficina do Censo dos Estados Unidos de América" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AF%B8%EA%B5%AD_%EC%9D%B8%EA%B5%AC%EC%A1%B0%EC%82%AC%EA%B5%AD" title="미국 인구조사국 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="미국 인구조사국" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%84%D5%86_%D4%B2%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%B9%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%B4%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A4%D5%A1%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%AB_%D5%A2%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80%D5%B8" title="ԱՄՆ Բնակչության մարդահամարի բյուրո – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="ԱՄՆ Բնակչության մարդահամարի բյուրո" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B" title="संयुक्त राज्य जनगणना ब्यूरो – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="संयुक्त राज्य जनगणना ब्यूरो" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ured_SAD_za_popis_stanovni%C5%A1tva" title="Ured SAD za popis stanovništva – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Ured SAD za popis stanovništva" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usana_Kontado-Ministerio" title="Usana Kontado-Ministerio – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Usana Kontado-Ministerio" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biro_Sensus_Amerika_Serikat" title="Biro Sensus Amerika Serikat – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Biro Sensus Amerika Serikat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ufficio_del_censimento_degli_Stati_Uniti_d%27America" title="Ufficio del censimento degli Stati Uniti d'America – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ufficio del censimento degli Stati Uniti d'America" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%A9%D7%9B%D7%AA_%D7%9E%D7%A4%D7%A7%D7%93_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%95%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%9F_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%AA" title="לשכת מפקד האוכלוסין של ארצות הברית – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="לשכת מפקד האוכלוסין של ארצות הברית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%A8%E1%83%A8-%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%90%E1%83%A6%E1%83%AC%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D" title="აშშ-ის სტატისტიკური აღწერის ბიურო – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="აშშ-ის სტატისტიკური აღწერის ბიურო" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministerium_Census_Civitatum_Foederatarum" title="Ministerium Census Civitatum Foederatarum – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Ministerium Census Civitatum Foederatarum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jungtini%C5%B3_Valstij%C5%B3_gyventoj%C5%B3_sura%C5%A1ymo_biuras" title="Jungtinių Valstijų gyventojų surašymo biuras – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Jungtinių Valstijų gyventojų surašymo biuras" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biraom-panisan%27i_Etazonia" title="Biraom-panisan'i Etazonia – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Biraom-panisan'i Etazonia" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%B5%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7" title="مكتب احصا امريكا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="مكتب احصا امريكا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biro_Bancian_Amerika_Syarikat" title="Biro Bancian Amerika Syarikat – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Biro Bancian Amerika Syarikat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="United States Census Bureau" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A1%E3%83%AA%E3%82%AB%E5%90%88%E8%A1%86%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E5%8B%A2%E8%AA%BF%E6%9F%BB%E5%B1%80" title="アメリカ合衆国国勢調査局 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アメリカ合衆国国勢調査局" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bureau_of_the_Census" title="Bureau of the Census – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Bureau of the Census" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%81%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%92_%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%DB%81_%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%85_%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88" title="ریاستہائے متحدہ مردم شماری بیورو – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ریاستہائے متحدہ مردم شماری بیورو" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-Zensusb%C3%BCro" title="US-Zensusbüro – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="US-Zensusbüro" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="United States Census Bureau" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Departamento_do_Censo_dos_Estados_Unidos" title="Departamento do Censo dos Estados Unidos – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Departamento do Censo dos Estados Unidos" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="United States Census Bureau" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D0%A8%D0%90" title="Бюро переписи населения США – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Бюро переписи населения США" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="United States Census Bureau" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="United States Census Bureau" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ameri%C5%A1ki_urad_za_statistiko" title="Ameriški urad za statistiko – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Ameriški urad za statistiko" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF%DB%95%DB%8C_%D8%B3%DB%95%D8%B1%DA%98%D9%85%DB%8E%D8%B1%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%95%D8%AA%DB%95_%DB%8C%DB%95%DA%A9%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%88%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%A6%DB%95%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7" title="نووسینگەی سەرژمێریی ویلایەتە یەکگرتووەکانی ئەمریکا – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="نووسینگەی سەرژمێریی ویلایەتە یەکگرتووەکانی ئەمریکا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yhdysvaltain_v%C3%A4est%C3%B6nlaskentavirasto" title="Yhdysvaltain väestönlaskentavirasto – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Yhdysvaltain väestönlaskentavirasto" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="United States Census Bureau" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%90%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF_%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%88_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%A3%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="ஐக்கிய அமெரிக்க மக்கள்தொகை கணக்கெடுப்பு ஆணையம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஐக்கிய அமெரிக்க மக்கள்தொகை கணக்கெடுப்பு ஆணையம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D3%AF%D0%B9%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%B0%D2%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%98%D0%9C%D0%90" title="Бюрои барӯйхатгирии аҳолии ИМА – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Бюрои барӯйхатгирии аҳолии ИМА" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerika_Birle%C5%9Fik_Devletleri_Say%C4%B1m_B%C3%BCrosu" title="Amerika Birleşik Devletleri Sayım Bürosu – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Amerika Birleşik Devletleri Sayım Bürosu" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D0%A8%D0%90" title="Бюро перепису населення США – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Бюро перепису населення США" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%81%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%92_%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%DB%81_%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%85_%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88" title="ریاستہائے متحدہ مردم شماری بیورو – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ریاستہائے متحدہ مردم شماری بیورو" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="United States Census Bureau" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%E1%BB%A5c_Th%E1%BB%91ng_k%C3%AA_D%C3%A2n_s%E1%BB%91_Hoa_K%E1%BB%B3" title="Cục Thống kê Dân số Hoa Kỳ – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Cục Thống kê Dân số Hoa Kỳ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E6%99%AE%E6%9F%A5%E5%B1%80" title="美国普查局 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="美国普查局" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E6%99%AE%E6%9F%A5%E5%B1%80" title="美國普查局 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="美國普查局" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E6%99%AE%E6%9F%A5%E5%B1%80" title="美国人口普查局 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="美国人口普查局" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet 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.hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"USCB" redirects here. For the American college, see <a href="/wiki/University_of_South_Carolina_Beaufort" title="University of South Carolina Beaufort">University of South Carolina Beaufort</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title" style="font-size: 125%;">United States Census Bureau</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_Census_Bureau.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Seal_of_the_United_States_Census_Bureau.svg/170px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Census_Bureau.svg.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Seal_of_the_United_States_Census_Bureau.svg/255px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Census_Bureau.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Seal_of_the_United_States_Census_Bureau.svg/340px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Census_Bureau.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="720" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:United_States_Census_Bureau_Wordmark.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/United_States_Census_Bureau_Wordmark.svg/180px-United_States_Census_Bureau_Wordmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="71" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/United_States_Census_Bureau_Wordmark.svg/270px-United_States_Census_Bureau_Wordmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/United_States_Census_Bureau_Wordmark.svg/360px-United_States_Census_Bureau_Wordmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="315" data-file-height="125" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">Agency overview</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Formed</th><td class="infobox-data">July 1, 1902<span class="noprint">; 122 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1902-07-01</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Suitland,_Maryland" title="Suitland, Maryland">Suitland, Maryland</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Agency executives</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li style="text-indent: -1em; padding-left: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Santos" title="Robert Santos">Robert Santos</a>, Director</li><li style="text-indent: -1em; padding-left: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Ron_S._Jarmin" title="Ron S. Jarmin">Ron S. Jarmin</a>, Deputy Director and Chief Operating Officer</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parent agency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Commerce" title="United States Department of Commerce">U.S. Department of Commerce</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://census.gov">census<wbr />.gov</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>United States Census Bureau</b> (<b>USCB</b>), officially the <b>Bureau of the Census</b>, is a principal agency of the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Statistical_System_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Statistical System of the United States">U.S. Federal Statistical System</a>, responsible for producing data about the <a href="/wiki/American_people" class="mw-redirect" title="American people">American people</a> and <a href="/wiki/American_economy" class="mw-redirect" title="American economy">economy</a>. The U.S. Census Bureau is part of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Commerce" title="United States Department of Commerce">U.S. Department of Commerce</a> and its <a href="/wiki/Director_of_the_United_States_Census_Bureau" title="Director of the United States Census Bureau">director</a> is appointed by the <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a>. Currently, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Santos" title="Robert Santos">Robert Santos</a> is the Director of the U.S. Census Bureau and <a href="/wiki/Ron_S._Jarmin" title="Ron S. Jarmin">Ron S. Jarmin</a> is the Deputy Director.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Census Bureau's primary mission is conducting the <a href="/wiki/United_States_census" title="United States census">U.S. census</a> every ten years, which allocates the seats of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">U.S. House of Representatives</a> to the <a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">states</a> based on their population.<sup id="cite_ref-USCB_DOC-D1026_QVC_Manual_01/03/09_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USCB_DOC-D1026_QVC_Manual_01/03/09-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The bureau's various censuses and surveys help allocate over $675 billion in federal funds every year and it assists states, local communities, and businesses make informed decisions.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The information provided by the census informs decisions on where to build and maintain schools, hospitals, transportation infrastructure, and police and fire departments.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In addition to the decennial census, the Census Bureau continually conducts over 130 surveys and programs a year,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including the <a href="/wiki/American_Community_Survey" title="American Community Survey">American Community Survey</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Economic_Census" title="United States Economic Census">U.S. Economic Census</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Current_Population_Survey" title="Current Population Survey">Current Population Survey</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-USCB_DOC-D1026_QVC_Manual_01/03/09_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USCB_DOC-D1026_QVC_Manual_01/03/09-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The U.S. Economic Census occurs every five years and reports on American Business and the American economy in order to plan business decisions.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Furthermore, economic and foreign trade indicators released by the federal government typically contain data produced by the Census Bureau. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legal_mandate">Legal mandate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Census_Bureau&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Legal mandate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Census_Bureau_headquarters,_Suitland,_Maryland,_2007.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Census_Bureau_headquarters%2C_Suitland%2C_Maryland%2C_2007.jpg/220px-Census_Bureau_headquarters%2C_Suitland%2C_Maryland%2C_2007.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Census_Bureau_headquarters%2C_Suitland%2C_Maryland%2C_2007.jpg/330px-Census_Bureau_headquarters%2C_Suitland%2C_Maryland%2C_2007.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Census_Bureau_headquarters%2C_Suitland%2C_Maryland%2C_2007.jpg/440px-Census_Bureau_headquarters%2C_Suitland%2C_Maryland%2C_2007.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="1800" /></a><figcaption>Census headquarters in <a href="/wiki/Suitland,_Maryland" title="Suitland, Maryland">Suitland, Maryland</a></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Article_One_of_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Article One of the United States Constitution">Article One of the United States Constitution</a> (section II) directs the <a href="/wiki/Population" title="Population">population</a> be enumerated at least once every ten years and the resulting counts used to <a href="/wiki/United_States_congressional_apportionment" title="United States congressional apportionment">set the number of members from each state</a> in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">House of Representatives</a> and, by extension, in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Electoral_College" title="United States Electoral College">Electoral College</a>. The Census Bureau now conducts a full <a href="/wiki/Census" title="Census">population count</a> every ten years in years ending with a zero and uses the term "<a href="/wiki/Decennial" class="mw-redirect" title="Decennial">decennial</a>" to describe the operation. Between censuses, the Census Bureau makes population estimates and projections.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In addition, census data directly affects how more than $400 billion per year in federal and state funding is allocated to communities for neighborhood improvements, <a href="/wiki/Public_health" title="Public health">public health</a>, education, transportation and more.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Census Bureau is mandated with fulfilling these obligations: the collecting of statistics about the nation, its people, and economy. The Census Bureau's <a href="/wiki/Rational-legal_authority" title="Rational-legal authority">legal authority</a> is codified in <a href="/wiki/Title_13_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 13 of the United States Code">Title 13 of the United States Code</a>. </p><p>The Census Bureau also conducts surveys on behalf of various <a href="/wiki/Federal_government_of_the_United_States" title="Federal government of the United States">federal government</a> and <a href="/wiki/Local_government" title="Local government">local government</a> agencies on topics such as employment, crime, health, <a href="/wiki/Consumer_expenditures" class="mw-redirect" title="Consumer expenditures">consumer expenditures</a>, and housing. Within the bureau, these are known as "demographic surveys" and are conducted perpetually between and during decennial (10-year) population counts. The Census Bureau also conducts economic surveys of manufacturing, retail, service, and other establishments and of domestic governments. </p><p>Between 1790 and 1840, the census was taken by <a href="/wiki/United_States_Marshals_Service" title="United States Marshals Service">marshals</a> of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_federal_judicial_district" title="United States federal judicial district">judicial districts</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Census Act of 1840 established a central office<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which became known as the Census Office. Several acts followed that revised and authorized new censuses, typically at the 10-year intervals. In 1902, the temporary Census Office was moved under the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Interior" title="United States Department of the Interior">Department of Interior</a>, and in 1903 it was renamed the Census Bureau under the new <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Commerce_and_Labor" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of Commerce and Labor">Department of Commerce and Labor</a>. The department was intended to consolidate overlapping statistical agencies, but Census Bureau officials were hindered by their subordinate role in the department.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An act in 1920 changed the date and authorized manufacturing censuses every two years and agriculture censuses every 10 years.<sup id="cite_ref-History1920_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-History1920-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1929, a bill was passed mandating the House of Representatives be reapportioned based on the results of the <a href="/wiki/1930_United_States_census" title="1930 United States census">1930 census</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-History1920_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-History1920-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1954, various acts were codified into Title 13 of the U.S. Code.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By law, the Census Bureau must count everyone and submit state population totals to the U.S. president by December 31 of any year ending in a zero. States within the Union receive the results in the spring of the following year. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Data_collection">Data collection</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Census_Bureau&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Data collection"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Census_Regions_and_Division_of_the_United_States.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Census_Regions_and_Division_of_the_United_States.svg/330px-Census_Regions_and_Division_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="330" height="252" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Census_Regions_and_Division_of_the_United_States.svg/495px-Census_Regions_and_Division_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Census_Regions_and_Division_of_the_United_States.svg/660px-Census_Regions_and_Division_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="942" data-file-height="719" /></a><figcaption>U.S. Census Bureau Regions and Divisions</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Census_regions_and_divisions">Census regions and divisions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Census_Bureau&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Census regions and divisions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The United States Census Bureau defines four statistical regions, with nine divisions.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Census Bureau regions are "widely used...for data collection and analysis".<sup id="cite_ref-NEMS_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NEMS-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Census Bureau definition is pervasive.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Territories_of_the_United_States" title="Territories of the United States">territories</a> are not included, but the <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">District of Columbia</a> is. </p><p>Regional divisions used by the United States Census Bureau:<sup id="cite_ref-census_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Region 1: <a href="/wiki/Northeastern_United_States" title="Northeastern United States">Northeast</a> <ul><li>Division 1: <a href="/wiki/New_England" title="New England">New England</a> (<a href="/wiki/Connecticut" title="Connecticut">Connecticut</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maine" title="Maine">Maine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire" title="New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rhode_Island" title="Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Vermont" title="Vermont">Vermont</a>)</li> <li>Division 2: <a href="/wiki/Mid-Atlantic_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Mid-Atlantic States">Mid-Atlantic</a> (<a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a>)</li></ul></li> <li>Region 2: <a href="/wiki/Midwestern_United_States" title="Midwestern United States">Midwest</a> (Prior to June 1984, the Midwest Region was designated as the North Central Region.)<sup id="cite_ref-census_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li>Division 3: <a href="/wiki/East_North_Central_States" class="mw-redirect" title="East North Central States">East North Central</a> (<a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indiana" title="Indiana">Indiana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">Michigan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">Ohio</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Wisconsin" title="Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a>)</li> <li>Division 4: <a href="/wiki/West_North_Central_States" class="mw-redirect" title="West North Central States">West North Central</a> (<a href="/wiki/Iowa" title="Iowa">Iowa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kansas" title="Kansas">Kansas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Minnesota" title="Minnesota">Minnesota</a>, <a href="/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri">Missouri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nebraska" title="Nebraska">Nebraska</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Dakota" title="North Dakota">North Dakota</a>, and <a href="/wiki/South_Dakota" title="South Dakota">South Dakota</a>)</li></ul></li> <li>Region 3: <a href="/wiki/Southern_United_States" title="Southern United States">South</a> <ul><li>Division 5: <a href="/wiki/South_Atlantic_States" class="mw-redirect" title="South Atlantic States">South Atlantic</a> (<a href="/wiki/Delaware" title="Delaware">Delaware</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">District of Columbia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a>, <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Carolina" title="North Carolina">North Carolina</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Carolina" title="South Carolina">South Carolina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/West_Virginia" title="West Virginia">West Virginia</a>)</li> <li>Division 6: <a href="/wiki/East_South_Central_States" class="mw-redirect" title="East South Central States">East South Central</a> (<a href="/wiki/Alabama" title="Alabama">Alabama</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kentucky" title="Kentucky">Kentucky</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mississippi_(state)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mississippi (state)">Mississippi</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tennessee" title="Tennessee">Tennessee</a>)</li> <li>Division 7: <a href="/wiki/West_South_Central_States" class="mw-redirect" title="West South Central States">West South Central</a> (<a href="/wiki/Arkansas" title="Arkansas">Arkansas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a>)</li></ul></li> <li>Region 4: <a href="/wiki/Western_United_States" title="Western United States">West</a> <ul><li>Division 8: <a href="/wiki/Mountain_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Mountain States">Mountain</a> (<a href="/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona">Arizona</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colorado" title="Colorado">Colorado</a>, <a href="/wiki/Idaho" title="Idaho">Idaho</a>, <a href="/wiki/Montana" title="Montana">Montana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nevada" title="Nevada">Nevada</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico">New Mexico</a>, <a href="/wiki/Utah" title="Utah">Utah</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Wyoming" title="Wyoming">Wyoming</a>)</li> <li>Division 9: <a href="/wiki/Pacific_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacific States">Pacific</a> (<a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaska</a>, <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oregon" title="Oregon">Oregon</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Washington_(state)" title="Washington (state)">Washington</a>)</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="History">History</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Census_Bureau&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The current system was introduced for the 1910 census, but other ways of grouping states were used historically by the Census Bureau. The first of these was introduced after the 1850 census by statistician and later census superintendent <a href="/wiki/J._D._B._De_Bow" title="J. D. B. De Bow">J. D. B. De Bow</a>. He published a compendium where the states and territories were grouped into five "great division", namely the Middle, New England, the Northwestern, the Southern, and the Southwestern great divisions. Unsatisfied with this system, De Bow devised another one four years later, with states and territories grouped into an Eastern, Interior, and Western "great section", each divided into a northern and southern half called "divisions". </p><p>In the following decades, several other systems were used, until the current one was introduced in 1910. This system has seen only minor changes: New Mexico and Arizona were both added to the Mountain division upon statehood in 1912, the North region was divided into a Northeast and a North Central region in 1940, Alaska and Hawaii were both added to the Pacific division upon statehood in 1959, and the North Central region was renamed the Midwest in 1984.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Uses_of_census_data">Uses of census data</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Census_Bureau&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Uses of census data"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Many federal, state, local and tribal governments use census data to:<sup id="cite_ref-Bureau_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bureau-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Decide the location of new housing and public facilities,</li> <li>Examine the demographic characteristics of communities, states, and the US,</li> <li>Plan transportation systems and roadways,</li> <li>Determine quotas and creation of police and fire precincts, and</li> <li>Create localized areas for elections, schools, utilities, etc.</li> <li>Gathers population information every 10 years</li></ul> <p>Census data is used to determine how seats of Congress are distributed to states.<sup id="cite_ref-Bureau_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bureau-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Census data is not used to determine or define race genetically, biologically or anthropologically.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The census data is also used by the Bureau to obtain a real-time estimate in U.S. and World Population Clock.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Only peoples whose live in the 50 states and within the District of Columbia are included in the estimation.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Data_stewardship">Data stewardship</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Census_Bureau&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Data stewardship"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The United States Census Bureau is committed to confidentiality and guarantees non-disclosure of any addresses or personal information related to individuals or establishments. <a href="/wiki/Title_13_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 13 of the United States Code">Title 13</a> of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Code" title="United States Code">U.S. Code</a> establishes penalties for the disclosure of this information. All census employees must sign an <a href="/wiki/Affidavit" title="Affidavit">affidavit</a> of non-disclosure prior to employment. This non-disclosure states "I will not disclose any information contained in the schedules, lists, or statements obtained for or prepared by the Census Bureau to any person or persons either during or after employment."<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The punishment for breaking the non-disclosure is a fine up to $250,000 or 5 years in prison. </p><p>The bureau cannot share responses, addresses or personal information with anyone, including the United States or foreign governments, or law enforcement agencies such as the <a href="/wiki/IRS" class="mw-redirect" title="IRS">IRS</a> or the <a href="/wiki/FBI" class="mw-redirect" title="FBI">FBI</a> or <a href="/wiki/Interpol" title="Interpol">Interpol</a>. "Providing quality data, for public good—while respecting individual privacy and, at the same time, protecting confidentiality—is the Census Bureau's core responsibility"; "Keeping the public's trust is critical to the Census's ability to carry out the mission as the leading source of quality data about the Nation's people and economy."<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Only after 72 years does the information collected become available to other agencies or the general public.<sup id="cite_ref-The_72-Year_Rule_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_72-Year_Rule-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Seventy-two years was picked because usually by 72 years since the census is taken, most participants would be deceased.<sup id="cite_ref-The_72-Year_Rule_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_72-Year_Rule-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Despite these guarantees of confidentiality, the Census Bureau has some history of disclosures to other government agencies. In 1918, the Census Bureau released individual information regarding several hundred young men to the Justice Department and <a href="/wiki/Selective_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="Selective Service">Selective Service</a> system for the purpose of prosecutions for draft evasion.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, the United States Census Bureau assisted the government's <a href="/wiki/Japanese_American_internment" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese American internment">Japanese American internment</a> efforts by providing confidential neighborhood information on <a href="/wiki/Japanese-Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese-Americans">Japanese-Americans</a>. The bureau's role was denied for decades but was finally proven in 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>United States census data are valuable for the country's political parties; <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democrats</a> and <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republicans</a> are highly interested in knowing the accurate number of persons in their respective districts.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These insights are often linked to financial and economic strategies that are central to federal, state and city investments for locations of particular populations.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Such apportionments are designed to distribute political power across neutral spatial allocations; however, "because so much is at stake, the census also runs the risk of being politicized."<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Such political tensions highlight the complexity of <a href="/wiki/Identity_(social_science)" title="Identity (social science)">identity</a> and <a href="/wiki/Classification" title="Classification">classification</a>; some argue that unclear results from the population data "is due to distortions brought about by political pressures."<sup id="cite_ref-Petersen_1987_187–234_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Petersen_1987_187–234-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One frequently used example includes ambiguous ethnic counts, which often involves underenumeration and/or undercounting of minority populations.<sup id="cite_ref-Petersen_1987_187–234_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Petersen_1987_187–234-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ideas about race, ethnicity and identity have also evolved in the United States, and such changes warrant examination of how these shifts have impacted the accuracy of census data over time.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The United States Census Bureau began pursuing technological innovations to improve the precision of its census data collection in the 1980s. Robert W. Marx, the Chief of the Geography Division of the USCB teamed up with the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Geological_Survey" title="United States Geological Survey">U.S. Geological Survey</a> and oversaw the creation of the <a href="/wiki/Topologically_Integrated_Geographic_Encoding_and_Referencing" title="Topologically Integrated Geographic Encoding and Referencing">Topologically Integrated Geographic Encoding and Referencing</a> (TIGER) database system.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Census officials were able to evaluate the more sophisticated and detailed results that the TIGER system produced; furthermore, TIGER data is also available to the public. And while the TIGER system does not directly amass demographic data, as a <a href="/wiki/Geographic_information_system" title="Geographic information system">geographic information system</a> (GIS), it can be used to merge <a href="/wiki/Demographics" class="mw-redirect" title="Demographics">demographics</a> to conduct more accurate geospatial and mapping analysis.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In July 2019, the Census Bureau stopped releasing new data via American FactFinder, which was decommissioned in March 2020 after 20 years of being the agency's primary tool for data dissemination.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The new platform is data.census.gov.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ongoing_surveys">Ongoing surveys</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Census_Bureau&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Ongoing surveys"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Video_explaining_how_to_use_data.census.gov.ogv/220px--Video_explaining_how_to_use_data.census.gov.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="27" data-mwtitle="Video_explaining_how_to_use_data.census.gov.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Video_explaining_how_to_use_data.census.gov.ogv"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e4/Video_explaining_how_to_use_data.census.gov.ogv/Video_explaining_how_to_use_data.census.gov.ogv.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e4/Video_explaining_how_to_use_data.census.gov.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora, vorbis"" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e4/Video_explaining_how_to_use_data.census.gov.ogv/Video_explaining_how_to_use_data.census.gov.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e4/Video_explaining_how_to_use_data.census.gov.ogv/Video_explaining_how_to_use_data.census.gov.ogv.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e4/Video_explaining_how_to_use_data.census.gov.ogv/Video_explaining_how_to_use_data.census.gov.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video></span><figcaption>A social media video from the Census Bureau explaining how to use data.census.gov, an online platform that enables the public to search and use data from their Bureau's surveys.</figcaption></figure> <p>Throughout the decade between censuses, the bureau conducts surveys to produce a general view and comprehensive study of the United States' social and economic conditions. Staff from the Current Surveys Program conduct over 130 ongoing and special surveys about people and their characteristics.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A network of professional field representatives gathers information from a sample of households, responding to questions about employment, consumer expenditures, health, housing, and other topics. </p><p><b>Surveys conducted between decades:</b> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 35em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Community_Survey" title="American Community Survey">American Community Survey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Housing_Survey" title="American Housing Survey">American Housing Survey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consumer_Expenditure_Survey" title="Consumer Expenditure Survey">Consumer Expenditure Survey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_of_Governments" title="United States Census of Governments">Census of Governments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Current_Population_Survey" title="Current Population Survey">Current Population Survey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Economic_Census" title="United States Economic Census">Economic Census</a></li> <li>National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhis/index.htm">National Health Interview Survey</a></li> <li>National Hospital Care Survey<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Crime_Victimization_Survey" title="National Crime Victimization Survey">National Crime Victimization Survey</a></li> <li>National Nursing Home Survey<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Survey_of_Income_and_Program_Participation" title="Survey of Income and Program Participation">Survey of Income and Program Participation</a></li> <li>Survey of Construction<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Survey of Market Absorption<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Survey of Program Dynamics<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Longitudinal_Survey" class="mw-redirect" title="National Longitudinal Survey">National Longitudinal Survey</a></li> <li>National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, & Wildlife-Associated Recreation<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Residential Finance Survey<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>National Epidemiologic Survey of Alcohol Related Conditions</li> <li>Annual Retail Trade Survey<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Annual Wholesale Trade Survey<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Annual and Quarterly Services Surveys</li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_surveys_conducted">Other surveys conducted</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Census_Bureau&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Other surveys conducted"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Census Bureau also collects information on behalf of survey sponsors. These sponsors include the <a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Justice_Statistics" title="Bureau of Justice Statistics">Bureau of Justice Statistics</a> (BJS), the <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Housing_and_Urban_Development" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of Housing and Urban Development">Department of Housing and Urban Development</a> (HUD), the <a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Education_Statistics" title="National Center for Education Statistics">National Center for Education Statistics</a> (NCES), and the <a href="/wiki/National_Science_Foundation" title="National Science Foundation">National Science Foundation</a> (NSF), among others. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organizational_structure">Organizational structure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Census_Bureau&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Organizational structure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Director_of_the_United_States_Census_Bureau" title="Director of the United States Census Bureau">Director of the United States Census Bureau</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:New_Regional_Offices.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/New_Regional_Offices.png/220px-New_Regional_Offices.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/New_Regional_Offices.png/330px-New_Regional_Offices.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/New_Regional_Offices.png/440px-New_Regional_Offices.png 2x" data-file-width="1143" data-file-height="869" /></a><figcaption>U.S. Census Bureau Regional Office boundaries</figcaption></figure> <p>Since 1903, the official census-taking agency of the United States government has been the Bureau of the Census. The Census Bureau is headed by a director, assisted by a deputy director and an executive staff composed of the associate directors. </p><p>The Census Bureau headquarters has been in <a href="/wiki/Suitland,_Maryland" title="Suitland, Maryland">Suitland, Maryland</a>, since 1942. A new headquarters complex completed there in 2007 supports over 4,000 employees.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> > The bureau operates regional offices in 6 cities:<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> > <a href="/wiki/32_Old_Slip" title="32 Old Slip">New York City</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a>, <a href="/wiki/Atlanta" title="Atlanta">Atlanta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Denver" title="Denver">Denver</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a>. The National Processing Center is in <a href="/wiki/Jeffersonville,_Indiana" title="Jeffersonville, Indiana">Jeffersonville, Indiana</a>. Additional temporary processing facilities facilitate the decennial census, which employs more than a million people. The cost of the 2000 census was $4.5 billion. During the years just prior to the decennial census, parallel census offices, known as "Regional Census Centers" are opened in the field office cities. The decennial operations are carried out from these facilities. The Regional Census Centers oversee the openings and closings of smaller "Area Census Offices" within their collection jurisdictions. In 2020, Regional Census Centers oversaw the operation of 248 Area Census Offices,<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The estimated cost of the 2010 census is $14.7 billion. </p><p>On January 1, 2013, the Census Bureau consolidated its twelve regional offices into six. Increasing costs of data collection, changes in survey management tools such as laptops and the increasing use of multi-modal surveys (i.e. internet, telephone, and in-person) led the Bureau to consolidate.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The six regional offices that closed were Boston, Charlotte, Dallas, Detroit, Kansas City and Seattle. The remaining regional offices are New York City, Philadelphia, Chicago, Atlanta, Denver, and Los Angeles.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Census Bureau also runs the <a href="/wiki/Census_Information_Center" title="Census Information Center">Census Information Center</a> cooperative program that involves 58 "national, regional, and local non-profit organizations". The CIC program aims to represent the interests of underserved communities.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Computer_equipment">Computer equipment</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Census_Bureau&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Computer equipment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Univac_I_at_Census_Bureau_with_two_operators.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Univac_I_at_Census_Bureau_with_two_operators.jpg/220px-Univac_I_at_Census_Bureau_with_two_operators.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Univac_I_at_Census_Bureau_with_two_operators.jpg/330px-Univac_I_at_Census_Bureau_with_two_operators.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Univac_I_at_Census_Bureau_with_two_operators.jpg/440px-Univac_I_at_Census_Bureau_with_two_operators.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1329" data-file-height="1091" /></a><figcaption>Census Bureau employees tabulate data using one of the agency's UNIVAC computers, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1960</span>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/1890_United_States_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="1890 United States Census">1890 census</a> was the first to use the electric tabulating machines invented by <a href="/wiki/Herman_Hollerith" title="Herman Hollerith">Herman Hollerith</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For 1890–1940 details, see <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFTruesdell1965" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Leon_E._Truesdell" class="mw-redirect" title="Leon E. Truesdell">Truesdell, Leon E.</a> (1965). <i>The Development of Punch Card Tabulation in the Bureau of the Census, 1890–1940: With outlines of actual tabulation programs</i>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Government_Printing_Office" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Government Printing Office">U.S. GPO</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Development+of+Punch+Card+Tabulation+in+the+Bureau+of+the+Census%2C+1890%E2%80%931940%3A+With+outlines+of+actual+tabulation+programs&rft.pub=U.S.+GPO&rft.date=1965&rft.aulast=Truesdell&rft.aufirst=Leon+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Census+Bureau" class="Z3988"></span> In 1946, knowing of the bureau's funding of Hollerith and, later, <a href="/wiki/Powers_Accounting_Machine_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Powers Accounting Machine Company">Powers</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Mauchly" title="John Mauchly">John Mauchly</a> approached the bureau about early funding for <a href="/wiki/UNIVAC" title="UNIVAC">UNIVAC</a> development.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A <a href="/wiki/UNIVAC_I" title="UNIVAC I">UNIVAC I</a> computer was accepted by the bureau in 1951.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Handheld_computers">Handheld computers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Census_Bureau&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Handheld computers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Historically, the census information was gathered by census takers going door-to-door collecting information in a ledger. Beginning in 1970 information was gathered via mailed forms. To reduce paper usage, reduce payroll expense and acquire the most comprehensive list of addresses ever compiled, 500,000 handheld computers (HHCs) (specifically designed, single-purpose devices) were used for the first time in 2009 during the address canvassing portion of the 2010 Decennial Census Project. Projected savings were estimated to be over $1 billion.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Security_precautions">Security precautions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Census_Bureau&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Security precautions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Device_fingerprint" title="Device fingerprint">Device fingerprint</a></div> <p>The HHC was manufactured by <a href="/wiki/Harris_Corporation" title="Harris Corporation">Harris Corporation</a>, an established <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defense" title="United States Department of Defense">Department of Defense</a> contractor, via a controversial<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> contract with the <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Commerce" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of Commerce">Department of Commerce</a>. Secured access via a <a href="/wiki/Fingerprint#Livescan_devices" title="Fingerprint">fingerprint swipe</a> guaranteed only the verified user could access the unit. A <a href="/wiki/GPS" class="mw-redirect" title="GPS">GPS</a> capacity was integral to the daily address management and the transfer of gathered information. Of major importance was the security and integrity of the populace's private information. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Success_and_failure">Success and failure</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Census_Bureau&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Success and failure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Enumerators (information gatherers) that had operational problems with the device understandably made negative reports. During the 2009 Senate confirmation hearings for <a href="/wiki/Robert_Groves" title="Robert Groves">Robert Groves</a>, President Obama's Census Director appointee, there was much mention of problems but very little criticism of the units.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_67-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In rural areas, the sparsity of cell phone towers caused problems with data transmission to and from the HHC. Since the units were updated nightly with important changes and updates, operator implementation of proper procedure was imperative. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Research_studies">Research studies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Census_Bureau&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Research studies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Census Bureau stays current by conducting research studies to improve the work that they do. Census researchers explore topics about survey innovations, participation, and data accuracy, such as undercount,<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> overcount,<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the use of technologies,<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> multilingual research,<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and ways to reduce costs. In addition, the Bureau pretests surveys and digital products before they are fielded and then evaluates them after they have been conducted.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_figures">Notable figures</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Census_Bureau&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Notable figures"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Shaw_Billings" title="John Shaw Billings">John Shaw Billings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rattan_Chand" title="Rattan Chand">Rattan Chand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._Edwards_Deming" title="W. Edwards Deming">W. Edwards Deming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Davis_Rich_Dewey" title="Davis Rich Dewey">Davis Rich Dewey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halbert_L._Dunn" title="Halbert L. Dunn">Halbert L. Dunn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murray_Feshbach" title="Murray Feshbach">Murray Feshbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Groves" title="Robert Groves">Robert Groves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Gannett" title="Henry Gannett">Henry Gannett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morris_H._Hansen" title="Morris H. Hansen">Morris H. Hansen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Adna_Hill" title="Joseph Adna Hill">Joseph Adna Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herman_Hollerith" title="Herman Hollerith">Herman Hollerith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leslie_Kish" title="Leslie Kish">Leslie Kish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Wesley_Langley" class="mw-redirect" title="John Wesley Langley">John Wesley Langley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Malamud" title="Bernard Malamud">Bernard Malamud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Commerford_Martin" title="Thomas Commerford Martin">Thomas Commerford Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_Mitofsky" title="Warren Mitofsky">Warren Mitofsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Petrof" title="Ivan Petrof">Ivan Petrof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrus_Guernsey_Pringle" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyrus Guernsey Pringle">Cyrus Guernsey Pringle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_M._Scammon" title="Richard M. Scammon">Richard M. Scammon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Sutherland" title="Howard Sutherland">Howard Sutherland</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Census_Bureau&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output 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class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Geography" title="Portal:Geography">Geography portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="map" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/28px-North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/42px-North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/56px-North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="550" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:North_America" title="Portal:North America">North America portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States">United States portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_population" title="List of U.S. states and territories by population">List of U.S. states and territories by population</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_metropolitan_statistical_areas" class="mw-redirect" title="List of metropolitan statistical areas">List of metropolitan statistical areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_cities_by_population" title="List of United States cities by population">List of United States cities by population</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_counties_and_county_equivalents" title="List of United States counties and county equivalents">List of United States counties and county equivalents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Management_and_Budget" title="Office of Management and Budget">United States Office of Management and Budget</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Statistical_area_(United_States)" title="Statistical area (United States)">Primary statistical area</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_primary_statistical_areas_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="List of primary statistical areas of the United States">list</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combined_statistical_area" title="Combined statistical area">Combined statistical area</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_combined_statistical_areas" class="mw-redirect" title="List of combined statistical areas">list</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Core-based_statistical_area" title="Core-based statistical area">Core-based statistical area</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_core-based_statistical_areas" title="List of core-based statistical areas">list</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_statistical_area" title="Metropolitan statistical area">Metropolitan statistical area</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_metropolitan_statistical_areas" class="mw-redirect" title="List of metropolitan statistical areas">list</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micropolitan_statistical_area" title="Micropolitan statistical area">Micropolitan statistical area</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_micropolitan_statistical_areas" class="mw-redirect" title="List of micropolitan statistical areas">list</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_urban_areas" title="List of United States urban areas">List of United States urban areas</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_13_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 13 of the United States Code">Title 13 of the United States Code</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_15_of_the_Code_of_Federal_Regulations" title="Title 15 of the Code of Federal Regulations">Title 15 of the Code of Federal Regulations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Director_of_the_United_States_Census_Bureau" title="Director of the United States Census Bureau">Director of the United States Census Bureau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Data.gov" title="Data.gov">Data.gov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USAFacts" title="USAFacts">USAFacts</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Statistical_Abstract_of_the_United_States" title="Statistical Abstract of the United States">Statistical Abstract of the United States</a></i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Census_Bureau&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.commerce.gov/bureaus-and-offices/census">"U.S. Census Bureau"</a>. <i>U.S. Department of Commerce</i>. March 11, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 28,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=U.S.+Department+of+Commerce&rft.atitle=U.S.+Census+Bureau&rft.date=2024-03-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.commerce.gov%2Fbureaus-and-offices%2Fcensus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Census+Bureau" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-USCB_DOC-D1026_QVC_Manual_01/03/09-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-USCB_DOC-D1026_QVC_Manual_01/03/09_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-USCB_DOC-D1026_QVC_Manual_01/03/09_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">USCB DOC-D1026 QVC Manual 01/03/09</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census/about/why.html">"Why We Conduct the Decennial Census"</a>. United States Census Bureau. October 28, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200409072102/https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census/about/why.html">Archived</a> from the original on April 9, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 12,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Why+We+Conduct+the+Decennial+Census&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft.date=2019-10-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fprograms-surveys%2Fdecennial-census%2Fabout%2Fwhy.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Census+Bureau" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bnlconsulting.com/case-studies/census-steps">"US Census Bureau StEPS II Case Study"</a>. <i>BNL Consulting</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170202020412/http://bnlconsulting.com/case-studies/census-steps">Archived</a> from the original on February 2, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 20,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BNL+Consulting&rft.atitle=US+Census+Bureau+StEPS+II+Case+Study&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbnlconsulting.com%2Fcase-studies%2Fcensus-steps&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Census+Bureau" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFarrell2017" class="citation news cs1">Farrell, Henry (May 15, 2017). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/monkey-cage/wp/2017/05/15/the-u-s-census-is-in-trouble-this-is-why-its-crucial-to-what-the-nation-knows-about-itself/">"Analysis | The U.S. census is in trouble. This is why it's crucial to what the nation knows about itself"</a></span>. <i>Washington Post</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170517004559/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/monkey-cage/wp/2017/05/15/the-u-s-census-is-in-trouble-this-is-why-its-crucial-to-what-the-nation-knows-about-itself/">Archived</a> from the original on May 17, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 15,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Analysis+%7C+The+U.S.+census+is+in+trouble.+This+is+why+it%27s+crucial+to+what+the+nation+knows+about+itself.&rft.date=2017-05-15&rft.aulast=Farrell&rft.aufirst=Henry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnews%2Fmonkey-cage%2Fwp%2F2017%2F05%2F15%2Fthe-u-s-census-is-in-trouble-this-is-why-its-crucial-to-what-the-nation-knows-about-itself%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Census+Bureau" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/surveys-programs.html">"List of All Surveys & Programs"</a>. <i>United States Census Bureau</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200402192508/https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/surveys-programs.html">Archived</a> from the original on April 2, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 3,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft.atitle=List+of+All+Surveys+%26+Programs&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fprograms-surveys%2Fsurveys-programs.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Census+Bureau" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBureau" class="citation web cs1">Bureau, US Census. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/censuses.html">"Our Censuses"</a>. <i>Census.gov</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 28,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Census.gov&rft.atitle=Our+Censuses&rft.aulast=Bureau&rft.aufirst=US+Census&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fprograms-surveys%2Fcensuses.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Census+Bureau" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|last=</code> has generic name (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#generic_name" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20061206215954/http://www.census.gov/popest/estimates.php">"Population Estimates"</a>. U.S. Bureau of the Census. May 31, 2006. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/popest/estimates.php">the original</a> on December 6, 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Population+Estimates&rft.pub=U.S.+Bureau+of+the+Census&rft.date=2006-05-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fpopest%2Festimates.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Census+Bureau" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170723102105/https://www.census.gov/2010census/partners/pdf/2010_TQA_Agent_FAQs_english.pdf">"2010 Census Frequently Asked Questions"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>U.S. Census</i>. May 10, 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/2010census/partners/pdf/2010_TQA_Agent_FAQs_english.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on July 23, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 4,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=U.S.+Census&rft.atitle=2010+Census+Frequently+Asked+Questions&rft.date=2010-05-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2F2010census%2Fpartners%2Fpdf%2F2010_TQA_Agent_FAQs_english.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Census+Bureau" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090303145157/https://www.census.gov/history/www/overview/012270.html">"History: 1790"</a>. <i>U.S. Census Bureau</i>. November 14, 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/history/www/overview/012270.html">the original</a> on March 3, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=U.S.+Census+Bureau&rft.atitle=History%3A+1790&rft.date=2008-11-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fhistory%2Fwww%2Foverview%2F012270.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Census+Bureau" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090303143456/http://www.census.gov/history/www/overview/012275.html">"History: 1840"</a>. <i>US Census Bureau</i>. November 14, 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/history/www/overview/012275.html">the original</a> on March 3, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=US+Census+Bureau&rft.atitle=History%3A+1840&rft.date=2008-11-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fhistory%2Fwww%2Foverview%2F012275.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Census+Bureau" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/history/www/through_the_decades/overview/1900.html">History: 1900 Overview</a>". US Census Bureau. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150202164941/http://www.census.gov/history/www/through_the_decades/overview/1900.html">Archived</a> February 2, 2015, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-History1920-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-History1920_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-History1920_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/history/www/overview/012283.html">History 1920</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090303145212/http://www.census.gov/history/www/overview/012283.html">Archived</a> March 3, 2009, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. US Census Bureau.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/history/www/overview/012286.html">History 1954</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090727161705/http://www.census.gov/history/www/overview/012286.html">Archived</a> July 27, 2009, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. US Census Bureau.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnited_States_Census_Bureau,_Geography_Division" class="citation web cs1">United States Census Bureau, Geography Division. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20130107113900/http://www.census.gov/geo/www/us_regdiv.pdf">"Census Regions and Divisions of the United States"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/geo/www/us_regdiv.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on January 7, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 3,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Census+Regions+and+Divisions+of+the+United+States&rft.au=United+States+Census+Bureau%2C+Geography+Division&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fgeo%2Fwww%2Fus_regdiv.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Census+Bureau" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NEMS-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NEMS_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"The National Energy Modeling System: An Overview 2003" (Report #:DOE/EIA-0581, October 2009). United States Department of Energy, <a href="/wiki/Energy_Information_Administration" title="Energy Information Administration">Energy Information Administration</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"The most widely used regional definitions follow those of the U.S. Bureau of the Census." Seymour Sudman and Norman M. Bradburn, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8Ay2AAAAIAAJ">Asking Questions: A Practical Guide to Questionnaire Design</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160515042215/https://books.google.com/books?id=8Ay2AAAAIAAJ">Archived</a> May 15, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i> (1982). <a href="/wiki/Jossey-Bass" class="mw-redirect" title="Jossey-Bass">Jossey-Bass</a>: p. 205.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Perhaps the most widely used regional classification system is one developed by the U.S. Census Bureau." Dale M. Lewison, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oPUJAQAAMAAJ">Retailing</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160521063523/https://books.google.com/books?id=oPUJAQAAMAAJ&dq=ISBN9780134614274">Archived</a> May 21, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Prentice_Hall" title="Prentice Hall">Prentice Hall</a> (1997): p. 384. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-13-461427-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-13-461427-4">978-0-13-461427-4</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"(M)ost demographic and food consumption data are presented in this four-region format." Pamela Goyan Kittler, Kathryn P. Sucher, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=eKdbaMY5AHEC&pg=PA475">Food and Culture</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161204040905/https://books.google.com/books?id=eKdbaMY5AHEC&lpg=PA475&pg=PA475">Archived</a> December 4, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Cengage_Learning" class="mw-redirect" title="Cengage Learning">Cengage Learning</a> (2008): p. 475. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0495115410" title="Special:BookSources/978-0495115410">978-0495115410</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-census-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-census_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-census_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.census.gov/geo/pdfs/maps-data/maps/reference/us_regdiv.pdf">"Census Bureau Regions and Divisions with State FIPS Codes"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. US Census Bureau. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171219134403/https://www2.census.gov/geo/pdfs/maps-data/maps/reference/us_regdiv.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on December 19, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 3,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Census+Bureau+Regions+and+Divisions+with+State+FIPS+Codes&rft.pub=US+Census+Bureau&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww2.census.gov%2Fgeo%2Fpdfs%2Fmaps-data%2Fmaps%2Freference%2Fus_regdiv.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Census+Bureau" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial/2020/technical-documentation/complete-tech-docs/summary-file/2020Census_PL94_171Redistricting_NationalTechDoc.pdf">"2020 Census National Redistricting Data Summary File"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. US Census Bureau. February 2021. pp. 88–89. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210627200415/https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial/2020/technical-documentation/complete-tech-docs/summary-file/2020Census_PL94_171Redistricting_NationalTechDoc.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on June 27, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 18,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2020+Census+National+Redistricting+Data+Summary+File&rft.pages=88-89&rft.pub=US+Census+Bureau&rft.date=2021-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww2.census.gov%2Fprograms-surveys%2Fdecennial%2F2020%2Ftechnical-documentation%2Fcomplete-tech-docs%2Fsummary-file%2F2020Census_PL94_171Redistricting_NationalTechDoc.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Census+Bureau" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www2.census.gov/geo/pdfs/reference/GARM/Ch6GARM.pdf">Statistical Groupings of States and Counties</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220129035331/https://www2.census.gov/geo/pdfs/reference/GARM/Ch6GARM.pdf">Archived</a> January 29, 2022, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (PDF)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bureau-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bureau_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bureau_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBureau" class="citation web cs1">Bureau, US Census. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/about/what.html">"What We Do"</a>. <i>Census.gov</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 28,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Census.gov&rft.atitle=What+We+Do&rft.aulast=Bureau&rft.aufirst=US+Census&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fabout%2Fwhat.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Census+Bureau" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|last=</code> has generic name (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#generic_name" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/topics/population/race/about.html">"About the Topic of Race"</a>. <i>Census.gov</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Census.gov&rft.atitle=About+the+Topic+of+Race&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Ftopics%2Fpopulation%2Frace%2Fabout.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Census+Bureau" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.commerce.gov/news/blog/2024/01/census-bureau-projects-us-and-world-populations-new-years-day">"Census Bureau Projects U.S. and World Populations on New Year's Day"</a>. <i>U.S. Department of Commerce</i>. January 3, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 10,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=U.S.+Department+of+Commerce&rft.atitle=Census+Bureau+Projects+U.S.+and+World+Populations+on+New+Year%27s+Day&rft.date=2024-01-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.commerce.gov%2Fnews%2Fblog%2F2024%2F01%2Fcensus-bureau-projects-us-and-world-populations-new-years-day&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Census+Bureau" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/popclock/">"Population Clock"</a>. <i>www.census.gov</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 5,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.census.gov&rft.atitle=Population+Clock&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fpopclock%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Census+Bureau" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBureau" class="citation web cs1">Bureau, US Census. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/about/policies/privacy/data_stewardship/oath_of_non-disclosure.html">"Oath of Non-Disclosure"</a>. <i>Census.gov</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Marx"</a>. <i>American Association of Geographers Newsletter</i>. Vol. 45, no. 3. p. 14. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171201032825/http://www.aag.org/cs/membership/tributes_memorials/mr/marx_robert_w">Archived</a> from the original on December 1, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 20,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Association+of+Geographers+Newsletter&rft.atitle=Memorials+and+Tributes%3A+Robert+W.+Marx&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aag.org%2Fcs%2Fmembership%2Ftributes_memorials%2Fmr%2Fmarx_robert_w&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Census+Bureau" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOstenso1991" class="citation journal cs1">Ostenso, John (1991). "The Statistics Corner: More New Products from the Census Bureau". <i>Business Economics</i>. <b>26</b> (4): 62–64. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/23485837">23485837</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Business+Economics&rft.atitle=The+Statistics+Corner%3A+More+New+Products+from+the+Census+Bureau&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=62-64&rft.date=1991&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F23485837%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Ostenso&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Census+Bureau" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/newsroom/press-releases/2020/american-factfinder-retiring.html">"American FactFinder Is Retiring March 31"</a> (Press release). U.S. Census Bureau. March 17, 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201218004518/https://www.census.gov/newsroom/press-releases/2020/american-factfinder-retiring.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 18, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 23,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=American+FactFinder+Is+Retiring+March+31&rft.pub=U.S.+Census+Bureau&rft.date=2020-03-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fnewsroom%2Fpress-releases%2F2020%2Famerican-factfinder-retiring.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Census+Bureau" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/data/academy/webinars/2019/transition-data-census.html">"Accessing Census Data in 2019: The Transition to data.census.gov"</a>. US Census Bureau. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190711010422/https://www.census.gov/data/academy/webinars/2019/transition-data-census.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 11, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 11,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Accessing+Census+Data+in+2019%3A+The+Transition+to+data.census.gov&rft.pub=US+Census+Bureau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fdata%2Facademy%2Fwebinars%2F2019%2Ftransition-data-census.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Census+Bureau" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/are-you-in-a-survey/survey-list.html">"List of All Surveys"</a>. <i>Census.gov</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150403204750/https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/are-you-in-a-survey/survey-list.html">Archived</a> from the original on April 3, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 4,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Census.gov&rft.atitle=List+of+All+Surveys&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fprograms-surveys%2Fare-you-in-a-survey%2Fsurvey-list.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Census+Bureau" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/ahcd/index.htm">"NAMCS/NHAMCS – Ambulatory Health Care Data Homepage"</a>. <i>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</i>. August 20, 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180919202108/https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/ahcd/index.htm">Archived</a> from the original on September 19, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 13,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention&rft.atitle=NAMCS%2FNHAMCS+%E2%80%93+Ambulatory+Health+Care+Data+Homepage&rft.date=2018-08-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fnchs%2Fahcd%2Findex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Census+Bureau" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhds/index.htm">"NHDS – National Hospital Discharge Survey Homepage"</a>. <i>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</i>. January 10, 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180919204255/https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhds/index.htm">Archived</a> from the original on September 19, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 13,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention&rft.atitle=NHDS+%E2%80%93+National+Hospital+Discharge+Survey+Homepage&rft.date=2018-01-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fnchs%2Fnhds%2Findex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Census+Bureau" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nnhs/index.htm">"NNHS – National Nursing Home Survey Homepage"</a>. <i>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</i>. September 12, 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180913150255/https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nnhs/index.htm">Archived</a> from the original on September 13, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 13,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention&rft.atitle=NNHS+%E2%80%93+National+Nursing+Home+Survey+Homepage&rft.date=2018-09-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fnchs%2Fnnhs%2Findex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Census+Bureau" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDirectorate" class="citation web cs1">Directorate, US Census Bureau Economic. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/econ/overview/co0400.html">"US Census Bureau Business and Industry Main Page"</a>. <i>U.S. Census Bureau</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180913112742/https://www.census.gov/econ/overview/co0400.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 13, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 13,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=U.S.+Census+Bureau&rft.atitle=US+Census+Bureau+Business+and+Industry+Main+Page&rft.aulast=Directorate&rft.aufirst=US+Census+Bureau+Economic&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fecon%2Foverview%2Fco0400.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Census+Bureau" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/hhes/www/housing/soma/overview.html">"Survey of Market Absorption of Apartments – Overview"</a>. <i>U.S. Census Bureau</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140715083014/http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/housing/soma/overview.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 15, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 13,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=U.S.+Census+Bureau&rft.atitle=Survey+of+Market+Absorption+of+Apartments+%E2%80%93+Overview&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fhhes%2Fwww%2Fhousing%2Fsoma%2Foverview.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Census+Bureau" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/sipp/about/spd.html">"Survey of Program Dynamics"</a>. <i>U.S. Census Bureau</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180913112721/https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/sipp/about/spd.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 13, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 13,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=U.S.+Census+Bureau&rft.atitle=Survey+of+Program+Dynamics&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fprograms-surveys%2Fsipp%2Fabout%2Fspd.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Census+Bureau" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/fhwar.html">www.census.gov/programs-surveys/fhwar.html</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180914112833/https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/fhwar.html">Archived</a> September 14, 2018, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (2016, 2011, 2006, 2001, 1996, 1991)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/rfs.html">"Residential Finance Survey (RFS)"</a>. <i>U.S. Census Bureau</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181230045546/https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/rfs.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 30, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 13,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=U.S.+Census+Bureau&rft.atitle=Residential+Finance+Survey+%28RFS%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fprograms-surveys%2Frfs.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Census+Bureau" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFhere" class="citation web cs1">here, US Census Bureau Creating office name. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/econ/overview/re0200.html">"US Census Bureau Site Name main page"</a>. <i>U.S. Census Bureau</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191027001930/https://www.census.gov/econ/overview/re0200.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 27, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 13,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=U.S.+Census+Bureau&rft.atitle=US+Census+Bureau+Site+Name+main+page&rft.aulast=here&rft.aufirst=US+Census+Bureau+Creating+office+name&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fecon%2Foverview%2Fre0200.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Census+Bureau" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/awts">"Annual Wholesale Trade Survey (AWTS)"</a>. <i>U.S. Census Bureau</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190116175001/https://www.census.gov/awts">Archived</a> from the original on January 16, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 13,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=U.S.+Census+Bureau&rft.atitle=Annual+Wholesale+Trade+Survey+%28AWTS%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fawts&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Census+Bureau" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/history/www/census_then_now/census_facilities/new_headquarters_building.html">"New Headquarters"</a>. October 22, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191103041755/https://www.census.gov/history/www/census_then_now/census_facilities/new_headquarters_building.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 3, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 3,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=New+Headquarters&rft.date=2019-10-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fhistory%2Fwww%2Fcensus_then_now%2Fcensus_facilities%2Fnew_headquarters_building.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Census+Bureau" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/regions">"Regional Offices"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190327090924/https://www.census.gov/regions">Archived</a> from the original on March 27, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 26,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Regional+Offices&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fregions&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Census+Bureau" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnited_States_Census_Bureau2018" class="citation web cs1">United States Census Bureau (December 31, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial/2020/program-management/planning-docs/2020-oper-plan4.pdf">"2020 Census Operational Plan v4.0"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Census.gov</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190802113646/https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial/2020/program-management/planning-docs/2020-oper-plan4.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on August 2, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 20,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Census.gov&rft.atitle=2020+Census+Operational+Plan+v4.0&rft.date=2018-12-31&rft.au=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww2.census.gov%2Fprograms-surveys%2Fdecennial%2F2020%2Fprogram-management%2Fplanning-docs%2F2020-oper-plan4.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Census+Bureau" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120611033428/http://directorsblog.blogs.census.gov/2011/06/29/a-restructuring-of-census-bureau-regional-offices/">"A Restructuring of Census Bureau Regional Offices"</a>. U.S. Bureau of the Census. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://directorsblog.blogs.census.gov/2011/06/29/a-restructuring-of-census-bureau-regional-offices/">the original</a> on June 11, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 21,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Restructuring+of+Census+Bureau+Regional+Offices&rft.pub=U.S.+Bureau+of+the+Census&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdirectorsblog.blogs.census.gov%2F2011%2F06%2F29%2Fa-restructuring-of-census-bureau-regional-offices%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Census+Bureau" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/newsroom/pdf/new_ro_map_final2.pdf">"Census Bureau Regional Office Boundaries"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 21,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Census+Bureau+Regional+Office+Boundaries&rft.pub=U.S.+Bureau+of+the+Census&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fnewsroom%2Fpdf%2Fnew_ro_map_final2.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Census+Bureau" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080516123415/http://www.census.gov/clo/www/cic/">"Census Information Centers"</a>. U.S. Bureau of the Census. 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MIT. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-262-02225-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-262-02225-5"><bdi>978-0-262-02225-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=IBM%27s+Early+Computers&rft.pub=MIT&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=978-0-262-02225-5&rft.aulast=Bashe&rft.aufirst=Charles+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fibmsearlycompute00bash&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Census+Bureau" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090429014955/http://www.govcomm.harris.com/solutions/products/000138.asp">"U.S. Census Bureau Field Data Collection Automation (FDCA) Program"</a>. <i>Harris</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 26,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft.atitle=Why+does+research+matters+at+the+Census+Bureau%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Ftopics%2Fresearch%2Fabout.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Census+Bureau" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Census_Bureau&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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Census Bureau</b> at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><span id="sister-projects">sister projects</span></a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/54px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/United_States_Census_Bureau" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/United States Census Bureau">Definitions</a> from Wiktionary</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:United_States_Census_Bureau" class="extiw" title="c:Category:United States Census Bureau">Media</a> from Commons</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" 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href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Portal:United_States_Census_Bureau" class="extiw" title="s:Portal:United States Census Bureau">Texts</a> from Wikisource</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/27px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/41px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/54px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/United_States_Census_Bureau" class="extiw" title="b:Special:Search/United States Census Bureau">Textbooks</a> from Wikibooks</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/27px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/41px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/54px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/United_States_Census_Bureau" class="extiw" title="v:Special:Search/United States Census Bureau">Resources</a> from Wikiversity</span></li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/">United States Census Bureau</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.federalregister.gov/agencies/census-bureau">Census Bureau</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Register" title="Federal Register">Federal Register</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/data/tables.html">USCB population estimates</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/history">USCB History</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/main/www/popclock.html">U.S. and World Population Clocks – POPClocks</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/geo/www/garm.html">Geographic Areas Reference Manual</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/author/25">Works by United States Census Bureau</a> at <a href="/wiki/Project_Gutenberg" title="Project Gutenberg">Project Gutenberg</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%22Bureau+of+the+Census%22+OR+%22USCB%22+OR+%22United+States+Census+Bureau%22%29">Works by or about United States Census Bureau</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://librivox.org/author/10679">Works by United States Census Bureau</a> at <a href="/wiki/LibriVox" title="LibriVox">LibriVox</a> (public domain audiobooks) <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/15px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/23px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/30px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></li></ul> <dl><dt>72-year rule</dt></dl> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/history/pdf/cff2.pdf">PDF of Availability of Census Records About Individuals</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/history/pdf/grover-8-26-1952.pdf">PDF of Letter from Census Bureau Director, Roy V. Peel to Archivist of the United States, Wayne C. Grover, concerning the 72-year lapse between collection and release of decennial census records</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/history/pdf/peel-10-10-1952.pdf">PDF of Letter from Archivist of the United States, Wayne C. Grover to Census Bureau Director Roy V. 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:USCensus" title="Template:USCensus"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:USCensus" title="Template talk:USCensus"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:USCensus" title="Special:EditPage/Template:USCensus"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="United_States_censuses" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/United_States_census" title="United States census">United States censuses</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">18th</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1790_United_States_census" title="1790 United States census">1790</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1800_United_States_census" title="1800 United States census">1800</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">19th</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1810_United_States_census" title="1810 United States census">1810</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1820_United_States_census" title="1820 United States census">1820</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1830_United_States_census" title="1830 United States census">1830</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1840_United_States_census" title="1840 United States census">1840</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1850_United_States_census" title="1850 United States census">1850</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1860_United_States_census" title="1860 United States census">1860</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1870_United_States_census" title="1870 United States census">1870</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1880_United_States_census" title="1880 United States census">1880</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1890_United_States_census" title="1890 United States census">1890</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1900_United_States_census" title="1900 United States census">1900</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">20th</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1910_United_States_census" title="1910 United States census">1910</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1920_United_States_census" title="1920 United States census">1920</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1930_United_States_census" title="1930 United States census">1930</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1940_United_States_census" title="1940 United States census">1940</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1950_United_States_census" title="1950 United States census">1950</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_United_States_census" title="1960 United States census">1960</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1970_United_States_census" title="1970 United States census">1970</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_census" title="1980 United States census">1980</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_United_States_census" title="1990 United States census">1990</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_census" title="2000 United States census">2000</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">21st</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2010_United_States_census" title="2010 United States census">2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_census" title="2020 United States census">2020</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/2030_United_States_census" title="2030 United States census">2030</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">United States Census Bureau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_of_Agriculture" title="United States Census of Agriculture">United States Census of Agriculture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="United_States_Department_of_Commerce" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_Department_of_Commerce" title="Template:United States Department of Commerce"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_States_Department_of_Commerce" title="Template talk:United States Department of Commerce"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_States_Department_of_Commerce" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United States Department of Commerce"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="United_States_Department_of_Commerce" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Commerce" title="United States Department of Commerce">United States Department of Commerce</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li>Headquarters: <b><a href="/wiki/Herbert_C._Hoover_Building" title="Herbert C. Hoover Building">Herbert C. Hoover Building</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gina_Raimondo" title="Gina Raimondo">Gina Raimondo</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Commerce" title="United States Secretary of Commerce">Secretary of Commerce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Graves" title="Don Graves">Don Graves</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Deputy_Secretary_of_Commerce" title="United States Deputy Secretary of Commerce">Deputy Secretary of Commerce</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Deputy_Secretary_of_Commerce" title="United States Deputy Secretary of Commerce">Deputy Secretary of Commerce</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_Development_Administration" title="Economic Development Administration">Economic Development Administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Technical_Information_Service" title="National Technical Information Service">National Technical Information Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minority_Business_Development_Agency" title="Minority Business Development Agency">Minority Business Development Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Telecommunications_and_Information_Administration" title="National Telecommunications and Information Administration">National Telecommunications and Information Administration</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Commerce.svg/100px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Commerce.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Commerce.svg/150px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Commerce.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Commerce.svg/200px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Commerce.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="720" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Under_Secretary_of_Commerce_for_Economic_Affairs" title="Under Secretary of Commerce for Economic Affairs">Under Secretary of Commerce for Economic Affairs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bureau of the Census</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Audit_Clearinghouse" title="Federal Audit Clearinghouse">Federal Audit Clearinghouse</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Economic_Analysis" title="Bureau of Economic Analysis">Bureau of Economic Analysis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Under_Secretary_of_Commerce_for_Industry_and_Security" title="Under Secretary of Commerce for Industry and Security">Under Secretary of Commerce for Industry and Security</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Industry_and_Security" title="Bureau of Industry and Security">Bureau of Industry and Security</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Export_Enforcement" title="Office of Export Enforcement">Office of Export Enforcement</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Under_Secretary_of_Commerce_for_Intellectual_Property" title="Under Secretary of Commerce for Intellectual Property">Under Secretary of Commerce for Intellectual Property</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Patent_and_Trademark_Office" title="United States Patent and Trademark Office">United States Patent and Trademark Office</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Under_Secretary_of_Commerce_for_International_Trade" class="mw-redirect" title="Under Secretary of Commerce for International Trade">Under Secretary of Commerce for International Trade</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Trade_Administration" title="International Trade Administration">International Trade Administration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Commercial_Service" title="United States Commercial Service">Commercial Service</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Under_Secretary_of_Commerce_for_Oceans_and_Atmosphere" title="Under Secretary of Commerce for Oceans and Atmosphere">Under Secretary of Commerce for Oceans and Atmosphere</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration" title="National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration">National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Environmental_Satellite,_Data,_and_Information_Service" title="National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service">Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Marine_Fisheries_Service" title="National Marine Fisheries Service">Marine Fisheries Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Ocean_Service" title="National Ocean Service">Ocean Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Weather_Service" title="National Weather Service">Weather Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Marine_and_Aviation_Operations" title="Office of Marine and Aviation Operations">Marine & Aviation Operations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Research" title="Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research">Oceanic & Atmospheric Research</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Under_Secretary_of_Commerce_for_Standards_and_Technology" title="Under Secretary of Commerce for Standards and Technology">Under Secretary of Commerce for Standards and Technology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Standards_and_Technology" title="National Institute of Standards and Technology">National Institute of Standards and Technology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Federal_Statistical_System_of_the_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:US_statistical_agencies" title="Template:US statistical agencies"><abbr title="View this 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of Labor Statistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Education_Statistics" title="National Center for Education Statistics">National Center for Education Statistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Agricultural_Statistics_Service" title="National Agricultural Statistics Service">National Agricultural Statistics Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Health_Statistics" title="National Center for Health Statistics">National Center for Health Statistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_Information_Administration" title="Energy Information Administration">Energy Information Administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Economic_Analysis" title="Bureau of Economic Analysis">Bureau of Economic Analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_Research_Service" title="Economic Research Service">Economic Research Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Justice_Statistics" title="Bureau of Justice Statistics">Bureau of Justice Statistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Science_and_Engineering_Statistics" title="National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics">National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics</a> (<a href="/wiki/National_Science_Foundation" title="National Science Foundation">National Science Foundation</a>)</li> <li>Statistics of Income Division (<a href="/wiki/Internal_Revenue_Service" title="Internal Revenue Service">Internal Revenue Service</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Transportation_Statistics" title="Bureau of Transportation Statistics">Bureau of Transportation Statistics</a></li> <li>Office of Research, Evaluation, and Statistics (<a href="/wiki/Social_Security_Administration" title="Social Security Administration">Social Security Administration</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other agencies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economics_and_Statistics_Administration" title="Economics and Statistics Administration">Economics and Statistics Administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Immigration_Statistics" title="Office of Immigration Statistics">Office of Immigration Statistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HUD_USER" title="HUD USER">HUD USER</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>As defined by the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Office_of_Management_and_Budget" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Office of Management and Budget">U.S. Office of Management and Budget</a>, the principal agencies of the Federal Statistical System have statistical activities as their core mission and conduct much of the government’s statistical work.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Regions_of_the_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Regions_of_the_United_States" title="Template:Regions of the United States"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Regions_of_the_United_States" title="Template talk:Regions of the United States"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Regions_of_the_United_States" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Regions of the United States"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Regions_of_the_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_of_the_United_States" title="List of regions of the United States">Regions of the United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Administrative</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal;">Units</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">U.S. state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">District of Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territories_of_the_United_States" title="Territories of the United States">Territory</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Insular_area" title="Insular area">Insular area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Minor_Outlying_Islands" title="United States Minor Outlying Islands">Minor Outlying Island</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tribal_sovereignty_in_the_United_States" title="Tribal sovereignty in the United States">Tribal domestic dependent nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._territorial_sovereignty#Maritime_territory_of_the_United_States" title="U.S. territorial sovereignty">Maritime territory</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Time_in_the_United_States" title="Time in the United States">Time zones</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chamorro_Time_Zone" title="Chamorro Time Zone">Chamorro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samoa_Time_Zone" title="Samoa Time Zone">Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawaii%E2%80%93Aleutian_Time_Zone" title="Hawaii–Aleutian Time Zone">Hawaii–Aleutian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alaska_Time_Zone" title="Alaska Time Zone">Alaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Time_Zone" title="Pacific Time Zone">Pacific</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_Time_Zone" title="Mountain Time Zone">Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Time_Zone" title="Central Time Zone">Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Time_Zone" title="Eastern Time Zone">Eastern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Time_Zone" title="Atlantic Time Zone">Atlantic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Census</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_United_States" title="Western United States">West</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_states" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacific states">Pacific</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_states" title="Mountain states">Mountain</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midwestern_United_States" title="Midwestern United States">Midwest</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_North_Central_states" title="East North Central states">E N Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_North_Central_states" title="West North Central states">W N Central</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_United_States" title="Northeastern United States">Northeast</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_England" title="New England">New England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mid-Atlantic_(United_States)" title="Mid-Atlantic (United States)">Middle Atlantic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_United_States" title="Southern United States">South</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_Atlantic_states" title="South Atlantic states">S Atlantic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_South_Central_states" title="East South Central states">E S Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_South_Central_states" title="West South Central states">W S Central</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_courts_of_appeals" title="United States courts of appeals">Courts of<br />appeals</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_First_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit">1st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Second_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit">2nd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Third_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit">3rd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Fourth_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit">4th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Fifth_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit">5th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Sixth_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit">6th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Seventh_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit">7th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Eighth_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit">8th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Ninth_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit">9th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Tenth_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit">10th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Eleventh_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit">11th</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_the_United_States" title="Geography of the United States">Physical</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Physiographic_regions_of_the_United_States" title="Physiographic regions of the United States">Physiographic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Coast_Ranges" title="Pacific Coast Ranges">Pacific Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intermontane_Plateaus" title="Intermontane Plateaus">Intermontane Plateaus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocky_Mountains" title="Rocky Mountains">Rocky Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurentian_Upland" title="Laurentian Upland">Laurentian Upland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interior_Plains" title="Interior Plains">Interior Plains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Interior_Highlands" title="U.S. Interior Highlands">Interior Highlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appalachian_Highlands" title="Appalachian Highlands">Appalachian Highlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Plain" title="Atlantic Plain">Atlantic Plain</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tidewater_(region)" title="Tidewater (region)">Tidewater</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_coastline" title="List of U.S. states and territories by coastline">Coastal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arctic" title="Arctic">Arctic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Coast_of_the_United_States" title="West Coast of the United States">West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes_region" title="Great Lakes region">Great Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_Coast_of_the_United_States" title="Gulf Coast of the United States">Gulf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Coast_of_the_United_States" title="East Coast of the United States">East</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Historical_regions_of_the_United_States" title="Historical regions of the United States">Historical</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Territorial_evolution_of_the_United_States" title="Territorial evolution of the United States">Acquisitions</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thirteen_Colonies" title="Thirteen Colonies">Thirteen Colonies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwest_Territory" title="Northwest Territory">Northwest Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwest_Territory" title="Southwest Territory">Southwest Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Purchase" title="Louisiana Purchase">Louisiana Purchase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gadsden_Purchase" title="Gadsden Purchase">Gadsden Purchase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_1818" title="Treaty of 1818">Treaty of 1818</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adams%E2%80%93On%C3%ADs_Treaty" title="Adams–Onís Treaty">Adams–Onís Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_annexation" title="Texas annexation">Texas annexation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oregon_Treaty" title="Oregon Treaty">Oregon Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_Cession" title="Mexican Cession">Mexican Cession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alaska_Purchase" title="Alaska Purchase">Alaska Purchase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newlands_Resolution" title="Newlands Resolution">Newlands Resolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1898)" title="Treaty of Paris (1898)">Acquisition of Puerto Rico and Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Cession_of_Tutuila" title="Treaty of Cession of Tutuila">Cession of Tutuila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Cession_of_Manu%27a" title="Treaty of Cession of Manu'a">Cession of Manu'a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_Enabling_Act" title="Oklahoma Enabling Act">Annexation of the Indian Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_the_Danish_West_Indies" title="Treaty of the Danish West Indies">Treaty of the Danish West Indies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Mariana_Islands#United_Nations_trusteeship" title="Northern Mariana Islands">Acquisition of the Northern Mariana Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">Civil War</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Union_(American_Civil_War)" title="Union (American Civil War)">Union</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Border_states_(American_Civil_War)" title="Border states (American Civil War)">Border states</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_of_America" title="Confederate States of America">Confederacy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_South" title="Old South">Old South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dixie" title="Dixie">Dixie</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slave_states_and_free_states" title="Slave states and free states">Slave states and free states</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Divided</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Northeast" title="Atlantic Northeast">Atlantic Northeast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Californias" title="The Californias">The Californias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_District" title="Columbia District">Columbia District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oregon_Country" title="Oregon Country">Oregon Country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Northwest" title="Pacific Northwest">Pacific Northwest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prairie_Pothole_Region" title="Prairie Pothole Region">Prairie Pothole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samoan_Islands" title="Samoan Islands">Samoan Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonoran_Desert" title="Sonoran Desert">Sonoran Desert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Islands" title="Virgin Islands">Virgin Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Appalachia" title="Appalachia">Appalachia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_United_States" title="Central United States">Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_United_States" title="Eastern United States">Eastern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Corners" title="Four Corners">Four Corners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Plains" title="Great Plains">Great Plains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Plains_(United_States)" title="High Plains (United States)">High Plains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intermountain_states" class="mw-redirect" title="Intermountain states">Intermountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_border_states_of_the_United_States" title="International border states of the United States">International border states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariana_Islands" title="Mariana Islands">Mariana Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_United_States" title="Northern United States">Northern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwestern_United_States" title="Northwestern United States">Northwestern</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cascadia_(bioregion)" title="Cascadia (bioregion)">Cascadia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_states_and_blue_states" title="Red states and blue states">Red states and blue states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeastern_United_States" title="Southeastern United States">Southeastern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_United_States" title="Southern United States">Southern</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deep_South" title="Deep South">Deep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mid-South_(region)" title="Mid-South (region)">Mid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_South" title="New South">New</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solid_South" title="Solid South">Solid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upland_South" title="Upland South">Upland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwestern_United_States" title="Southwestern United States">Southwestern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Midwest" title="Upper Midwest">Upper Midwest</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="List-Class article"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/31px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_of_the_United_States" title="List of regions of the United States">List</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Regions_of_the_United_States" title="Category:Regions of the United States">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Regions_of_the_United_States" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Regions of the United States">Commons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="United_States_census_topics" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:USCensus_Geography" title="Template:USCensus Geography"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:USCensus_Geography" title="Template talk:USCensus Geography"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:USCensus_Geography" title="Special:EditPage/Template:USCensus Geography"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="United_States_census_topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/United_States_census" title="United States census">United States census</a> topics</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Census_division" title="Census division">Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Federal District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insular_area" title="Insular area">Insular area</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Samoa" title="American Samoa">American Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guam" title="Guam">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Mariana Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Virgin_Islands" title="United States Virgin Islands">United States Virgin Islands</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZIP_Code_Tabulation_Area" title="ZIP Code Tabulation Area">ZIP Code Tabulation Area</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Native areas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alaska_Native_corporation" title="Alaska Native corporation">Alaska Native corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_colony" title="Indian colony">Indian colony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_reservation" title="Indian reservation">Indian reservation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_reservations_in_the_United_States" title="List of Indian reservations in the United States">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_home_land" title="Hawaiian home land">Hawaiian home land</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Off-reservation_trust_land" title="Off-reservation trust land">Off-reservation trust land</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_Tribal_Statistical_Area" title="Oklahoma Tribal Statistical Area">Oklahoma Tribal Statistical Area</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Metropolitan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Statistical_area_(United_States)" title="Statistical area (United States)">Primary statistical area</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Statistical_area_(United_States)#List_of_primary_statistical_areas" title="Statistical area (United States)">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combined_statistical_area" title="Combined statistical area">Combined statistical area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Core-based_statistical_area" title="Core-based statistical area">Core-based statistical area</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_core-based_statistical_areas" title="List of core-based statistical areas">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_statistical_area" title="Metropolitan statistical area">Metropolitan statistical area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micropolitan_statistical_area" title="Micropolitan statistical area">Micropolitan statistical area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_England_city_and_town_area" title="New England city and town area">New England city and town area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_urban_areas" title="List of United States urban areas">Urban area</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">State-level</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_congressional_districts" title="List of United States congressional districts">Congressional district</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_(United_States)" title="County (United States)">County</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_counties_and_county_equivalents" title="List of United States counties and county equivalents">list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_boroughs_and_census_areas_in_Alaska" title="List of boroughs and census areas in Alaska">Alaska census area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_city_(United_States)" title="Independent city (United States)">Independent city</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Puerto_Rico" title="Municipalities of Puerto Rico">Municipio</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Place_(United_States_Census_Bureau)" title="Place (United States Census Bureau)">Place</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Census-designated_place" title="Census-designated place">Census-designated</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Use_Microdata_Area" title="Public Use Microdata Area">Public use microdata area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/School_district" title="School district">School district</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_school_districts_in_the_United_States" title="Lists of school districts in the United States">lists</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_legislature_(United_States)" title="State legislature (United States)">State legislative district</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_growth_boundary" title="Urban growth boundary">Urban growth area</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">County-level</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Census_county_division" title="Census county division">Census county division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minor_civil_division" title="Minor civil division">Minor civil division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traffic_analysis_zone" title="Traffic analysis zone">Traffic analysis zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_precinct" title="Electoral precinct">Voting district</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Local</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Census_block" title="Census block">Block</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Census_block_group" title="Census block group">Block group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Census_tract" title="Census tract">Tract</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Census Bureau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Management_and_Budget" title="Office of Management and Budget">Office of Management and Budget</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q637413#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q637413#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q637413#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" 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href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000121787963">2</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000113307149">3</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/165439621">VIAF</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/146131899">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="U.S. Census Bureau"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/783658/">FAST</a></span></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="U.S. Census Bureau"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1086264584">Germany</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="United States. Bureau of the Census"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n83054431">United States</a></span></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="U.S. Census Bureau"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no2003100601">2</a></span></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Etats-Unis. Census bureau"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11863620x">France</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Etats-Unis. Census bureau"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11863620x">BnF data</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="United States. Bureau of the Census"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35564026">Australia</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Spojené státy americké. Bureau of the Census"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ko2003203456&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/2081450">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="U.S. Census Bureau"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000171049&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="SAD. Bureau of the Census"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000607554&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="United States Department of Commerce Bureau of the Census"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=214859">Greece</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="United States‏ Census Bureau"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAB202010280">Korea</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="United States. Bureau of the Census"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/sq4648xb2dhqzx2">Sweden</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Bureau of the Census (Stany Zjednoczone)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810679429205606">Poland</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="U.S. Census bureau"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=494/22833">Vatican</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="U.S. Census Bureau"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007435551705171">Israel</a></span></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="United States. 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Bureau of the Census."><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/997344">Trove</a></span></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Etats-Unis. 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