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id="toc-Lumbar_lordosis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lumbar_lordosis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Lumbar lordosis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lumbar_lordosis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lumbar_hyperlordosis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lumbar_hyperlordosis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Lumbar hyperlordosis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lumbar_hyperlordosis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lumbar_hypolordosis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lumbar_hypolordosis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Lumbar hypolordosis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lumbar_hypolordosis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Signs_and_symptoms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Signs_and_symptoms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Signs and symptoms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Signs_and_symptoms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Causes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Causes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Causes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Causes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Diagnosis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Diagnosis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Diagnosis</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Diagnosis-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Diagnosis subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Diagnosis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Scanning" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Scanning"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Scanning</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Scanning-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-X-ray" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#X-ray"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.1</span> <span>X-ray</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-X-ray-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-MRI_and_CT" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#MRI_and_CT"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.2</span> <span>MRI and CT</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-MRI_and_CT-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Treatment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Treatment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Treatment</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Treatment-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Treatment subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Treatment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Exercises" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Exercises"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Exercises</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Exercises-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Braces" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Braces"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Braces</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Braces-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tai_chi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tai_chi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Tai chi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tai_chi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Footnotes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Footnotes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Footnotes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Footnotes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav 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class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Lordosis</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 27 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-27" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">27 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B9%D8%B3" title="قعس – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="قعس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lordoz" title="Lordoz – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Lordoz" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B7" title="Лардоз – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Лардоз" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Лордоза – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Лордоза" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lordosi" title="Lordosi – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Lordosi" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lordose" title="Lordose – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Lordose" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lordoos" title="Lordoos – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Lordoos" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9B%CF%8C%CF%81%CE%B4%CF%89%CF%83%CE%B7" title="Λόρδωση – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Λόρδωση" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lordosis" title="Lordosis – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Lordosis" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B2" title="لوردوز – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="لوردوز" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lordose_(physiologie)" title="Lordose (physiologie) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Lordose (physiologie)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lordosis" title="Lordosis – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Lordosis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lordosi" title="Lordosi – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lordosi" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B7" title="Лордоз – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Лордоз" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lordosis" title="Lordosis – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Lordosis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lordose" title="Lordose – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Lordose" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lordose" title="Lordose – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Lordose" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lordoz" title="Lordoz – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Lordoz" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lordoza" title="Lordoza – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Lordoza" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lordose" title="Lordose – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Lordose" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B7" title="Лордоз – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Лордоз" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lord%C3%B3za" title="Lordóza – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Lordóza" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lordosis" title="Lordosis – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Lordosis" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lordoosi" title="Lordoosi – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Lordoosi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lordos" title="Lordos – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Lordos" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B7" title="Лордоз – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Лордоз" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%84%8A%E6%9F%B1%E5%89%8D%E5%87%B8" title="脊柱前凸 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="脊柱前凸" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q744305#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Abnormal inward curvature of the lower spine</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the human spinal shape and related disorders. For the animal sexual posture, see <a href="/wiki/Lordosis_behavior" title="Lordosis behavior">Lordosis behavior</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Medical condition</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox ib-medical-condition"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background:#ccc">Lordosis</th></tr><tr style="background-color: #f8f9fa;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Illu_vertebral_column.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Illu_vertebral_column.svg/220px-Illu_vertebral_column.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Illu_vertebral_column.svg/330px-Illu_vertebral_column.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Illu_vertebral_column.svg/440px-Illu_vertebral_column.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="656" data-file-height="656" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Diagram showing normal curvature (posterior concavity) of the cervical (neck) and lumbar (lower back) vertebral column (spine)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Medical_specialty" title="Medical specialty">Specialty</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Rheumatology" title="Rheumatology">Rheumatology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Medical_genetics" title="Medical genetics">medical genetics</a> <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q744305?uselang=en#P1995" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Medical_diagnosis" title="Medical diagnosis">Diagnostic method</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/X-ray" title="X-ray">X-ray</a>, <a href="/wiki/MRI" class="mw-redirect" title="MRI">MRI</a>, <a href="/wiki/CT_Scan" class="mw-redirect" title="CT Scan">CT Scan</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Lordosis</b> is historically defined as an <i>abnormal</i> inward curvature of the <a href="/wiki/Lumbar_spine" class="mw-redirect" title="Lumbar spine">lumbar spine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the terms <i>lordosis</i> and <i>lordotic</i> are also used to refer to the normal inward curvature of the <a href="/wiki/Lumbar" title="Lumbar">lumbar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cervical_vertebrae" title="Cervical vertebrae">cervical</a> regions of the human <a href="/wiki/Vertebral_column" title="Vertebral column">spine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similarly, <a href="/wiki/Kyphosis" title="Kyphosis">kyphosis</a> historically refers to <i>abnormal</i> convex curvature of the spine. The normal outward (convex) curvature in the <a href="/wiki/Thoracic" class="mw-redirect" title="Thoracic">thoracic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sacrum" title="Sacrum">sacral</a> regions is also termed <i>kyphosis</i> or <i>kyphotic</i>. The term comes from <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a> <i> lordos</i> 'bent backward'.<sup id="cite_ref-Wordnik_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wordnik-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Lordosis in the <a href="/wiki/Human_vertebral_column" class="mw-redirect" title="Human vertebral column">human spine</a> makes it easier for humans to bring the bulk of their mass over the <a href="/wiki/Pelvis" title="Pelvis">pelvis</a>. This allows for a much more efficient walking <a href="/wiki/Gait_(human)" title="Gait (human)">gait</a> than that of other <a href="/wiki/Primates" class="mw-redirect" title="Primates">primates</a>, whose inflexible spines cause them to resort to an inefficient forward-leaning "bent-knee, bent-waist" gait. As such, lordosis in the human spine is considered one of the primary physiological adaptations of the human skeleton that allows for human gait to be as energetically efficient as it is.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Lumbar hyperlordosis</i> is excessive <a href="/wiki/Anatomical_terminology#General_motion" title="Anatomical terminology">extension</a> of the lumbar region, and is commonly called <i>hollow back</i> or <i>saddle back</i> (after a similar condition that affects some horses). <i>Sway back</i> is a different condition with a different cause, that at a glance can mimic the outward appearance of lumbar hyperlordosis. <i>Lumbar kyphosis</i> is an abnormally straight (or in severe cases <a href="/wiki/Anatomical_terminology#General_motion" title="Anatomical terminology">flexed</a>) lumbar region. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types">Types</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lordosis&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Types"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lumbar_lordosis">Lumbar lordosis</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lordosis&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Lumbar lordosis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Normal lordotic curvatures, also known as <i>secondary</i> curvatures, result in a difference in the thickness between the front and back parts of the <a href="/wiki/Intervertebral_disc" title="Intervertebral disc">intervertebral disc</a>. Lordosis may also increase at puberty, sometimes not becoming evident until the early or mid-20s.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Radiology" title="Radiology">radiology</a>, a <i>lordotic view</i> is an X-ray taken of a patient leaning backward.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lumbar_hyperlordosis">Lumbar hyperlordosis</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lordosis&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Lumbar hyperlordosis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Medical_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs more <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Identifying_reliable_sources_(medicine)" title="Wikipedia:Identifying reliable sources (medicine)">reliable medical references</a> for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a> or relies too heavily on <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Primary_sources" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Primary sources">primary sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please review the contents of the section and <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lordosis&action=edit">add the appropriate references</a> if you can. Unsourced or poorly sourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>. <small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Lordosis%22">"Lordosis"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Lordosis%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Lordosis%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Lordosis%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Lordosis%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Lordosis%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2016</span>)</i></span></div></td><td class="mbox-imageright"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Star_of_life.svg/52px-Star_of_life.svg.png" decoding="async" width="52" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Star_of_life.svg/77px-Star_of_life.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Star_of_life.svg/103px-Star_of_life.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="198" data-file-height="192" /></span></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lordosis.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Lordosis.png/220px-Lordosis.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="186" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Lordosis.png/330px-Lordosis.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Lordosis.png/440px-Lordosis.png 2x" data-file-width="907" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Lumbar hyperlordosis</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Lumbar hyperlordosis</b> is a condition that occurs when the <a href="/wiki/Lumbar" title="Lumbar">lumbar</a> region (lower back) experiences stress or extra weight and becomes arched more than normal, sometimes leading to muscle pain or spasms. It is a common postural position in which the natural curve of the lumbar region of the back is slightly or dramatically accentuated. Commonly known as swayback, it is common in dancers.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Imbalances in muscle strength and length are one cause of this excessive stress to the lower back, such as weak <a href="/wiki/Hamstring" title="Hamstring">hamstrings</a> and tight <a href="/wiki/Hip_flexors" class="mw-redirect" title="Hip flexors">hip flexors</a> (psoai).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> A major feature of lumbar hyperlordosis is a forward <a href="/wiki/Pelvic_tilt" title="Pelvic tilt">pelvic tilt</a>, resulting in the pelvis resting on top of the <a href="/wiki/Thigh" title="Thigh">thighs</a>. </p><p>Other health conditions and disorders can cause hyperlordosis. <a href="/wiki/Achondroplasia" title="Achondroplasia">Achondroplasia</a> (a disorder where bones grow abnormally, which can result in short stature as in dwarfism), <a href="/wiki/Spondylolisthesis" title="Spondylolisthesis">spondylolisthesis</a> (a condition in which vertebrae slip forward), and <a href="/wiki/Osteoporosis" title="Osteoporosis">osteoporosis</a> (the most common bone disease in which bone density is lost resulting in bone weakness and increased likelihood of fracture) are some of the most common causes of hyperlordosis. Other causes include obesity, hyperkyphosis (spine curvature disorder in which the thoracic curvature is abnormally rounded), <a href="/wiki/Discitis" title="Discitis">discitis</a> (inflammation of the intervertebral disc space caused by infection), and benign juvenile lordosis.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other factors may also include rare diseases, including <a href="/wiki/Ehlers%E2%80%93Danlos_syndromes" class="mw-redirect" title="Ehlers–Danlos syndromes">Ehlers–Danlos syndrome (EDS)</a>, where some joints throughout the body are so hyper-extensible that they can become unstable (i.e. problematically much more flexible than normal, frequently to the point of partial or full dislocation). With such hyper-extensibility, it is also quite common (if not the norm) for some of the muscles surrounding an unstable joint to compensate for that instability by contracting. </p><p>Excessive lordotic curvature – lumbar hyperlordosis, is also called "hollow back", and "saddle back" (after a similar condition that affects some horses); <a href="/wiki/Swayback" title="Swayback">swayback</a> usually refers to a nearly opposite postural misalignment that can initially look quite similar.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Common causes of lumbar hyperlordosis include tight <a href="/wiki/Human_back" title="Human back">low back</a> muscles, excessive <a href="/wiki/Visceral_fat" class="mw-redirect" title="Visceral fat">visceral fat</a>, and pregnancy. <a href="/wiki/Rickets" title="Rickets">Rickets</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Vitamin_D" title="Vitamin D">vitamin D</a> deficiency in children, can cause lumbar hyperlordosis. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lumbar_hypolordosis">Lumbar hypolordosis</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lordosis&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Lumbar hypolordosis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Being less common than lumbar hyperlordosis<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>, hypolordosis (also known as flatback) occurs when there's less of a curve in the lower back or a flattening of the lower back. This occurs because the vertebrae are oriented toward the back of the spine, stretching the disc towards the back and compressing it in the front. This can cause a narrowing of the opening for the nerves, potentially pinching them. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Signs_and_symptoms">Signs and symptoms</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lordosis&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Signs and symptoms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lumbar hyperlordosis (also known as <a href="/wiki/Pelvic_tilt" title="Pelvic tilt">anterior pelvic tilt</a>) has a noticeable impact on the height of individuals with this medical issue, a height loss of 0.5–2.5 inches (1.27–6.35 centimeters) is common.<sup id="cite_ref-Shimizu_Kobayashi_Chiba_Senoo_2020_p._12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shimizu_Kobayashi_Chiba_Senoo_2020_p.-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For example, the height loss was measured by measuring the patient's height while standing straight (with exaggerated curves in the upper and lower back) and again after the patient fixed this issue (with no exaggerated curves), both of these measurements were taken in the morning with a gap of 6 months and the growth plates of the patient were checked to make sure that they were closed to rule out natural growth. The height loss occurs in the torso region and once the person fixes their back, the person's Body Mass Index will reduce since the person is taller and the stomach will also appear to be slimmer. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>A similar impact has also been noticed in <a href="/wiki/Trans_women" class="mw-redirect" title="Trans women">trans women</a> who have weaker muscles in the lower back due to increased estrogen intake and other such treatments.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>However, the cause of height loss in both situations is a little different even though the impact is similar. In the first scenario, it can be due to a genetic condition, trauma to the spine, pregnancy in women, increased <a href="/wiki/Abdominal_obesity" title="Abdominal obesity">abdominal fat</a>, or a sedentary lifestyle (sitting too much causes muscle imbalances and is the most common reason for this issue) and in the second scenario, the estrogen weakens the muscles in the area. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Merely slouching doesn't cause height loss, even though it may make a person look shorter, slouching may lead to perceived height loss, whereas lumbar hyperlordosis leads to actual and measured height loss. To make it easier to understand the difference, people losing a vertebra (which is around 2 inches or 5 centimeters in height) in the spine will be shorter regardless of posture. Lumbar hyperlordosis, of course, doesn't make you lose a vertebra but it bends them in such a way that your spine's vertical height is reduced.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Although lumbar hyperlordosis gives an impression of a stronger back, it can lead to moderate to severe <a href="/wiki/Lower_back" class="mw-redirect" title="Lower back">lower back</a> pain. The most problematic symptom is that of a herniated disc where the individual has put so much strain on the back that the discs between the vertebrae have been damaged or have ruptured. Technical problems with dancing such as difficulty in the positions of attitude and arabesque can be a sign of weak <a href="/wiki/Iliopsoas" title="Iliopsoas">iliopsoas</a>. Tightness of the iliopsoas results in a dancer having difficulty lifting their leg into high positions. Abdominal muscles being weak and the <a href="/wiki/Rectus_femoris" class="mw-redirect" title="Rectus femoris">rectus femoris</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Quadriceps" title="Quadriceps">quadriceps</a> being tight are signs that improper muscles are being worked while dancing which leads to lumbar hyperlordosis. The most obvious signs of lumbar hyperlordosis are lower back pain in dancing and pedestrian activities as well as having the appearance of a swayed back.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Causes">Causes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lordosis&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Causes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Possible causes that lead to the condition of lumbar hyperlordosis are the following: </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Vertebral_column" title="Vertebral column">Spine</a></b> – Natural factors of how spines are formed greatly increase certain individuals' likelihood to experience a strain or sprain in their back or neck. Factors such as having more lumbar <a href="/wiki/Vertebrae" class="mw-redirect" title="Vertebrae">vertebrae</a> allowing for too much <a href="/wiki/Flexibility_(anatomy)" title="Flexibility (anatomy)">flexibility</a>, and then in cases of less lumbar the individual not reaching their necessity for flexibility and then pushing their bodies to <a href="/wiki/Injury" title="Injury">injury</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><b>Legs</b> – Another odd body formation is when an individual has a leg shorter than the other, which can be an immediate cause for the imbalance of hips then putting strain on the posture of the back which an individual has to adjust into vulnerable positions to meet aesthetic appearances. This can lead to permanent damage to the back. Genu recurvatum (swaying back knees) is also a factor that forces a dancer to adjust to unstable postures.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><b>Hips</b> – Common problems in the hips are tight <a href="/wiki/Hip_flexors" class="mw-redirect" title="Hip flexors">hip flexors</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which causes poor lifting posture, hip flexion contracture, which means the lack of postural awareness, and thoracic hyperkyphosis, which causes the individual to compensate for limited hip turn out (which is essential to dances such as ballet). Weak psoas (short for iliopsoas-muscle that controls the hip flexor) forces the dancer to lift from the strength of their back instead of from the hip when lifting their leg into <a href="/wiki/Arabesque_(ballet_position)" title="Arabesque (ballet position)">arabesque</a> or attitude. This causes great stress and risk of injury, especially because the dancer will have to compensate to obtain the positions required.</li> <li><b>Muscles</b> – One of the greatest contributors is uneven muscles. Because all muscles have a muscle that works in opposition to it. It is imperative that to keep all muscles protected, the opposite muscle is not stronger than the muscle at risk. In the situation of lumbar lordosis, <a href="/wiki/Abdominal_muscles" title="Abdominal muscles">abdominal muscles</a> are weaker than the muscles in the lumbar spine and the <a href="/wiki/Hamstring_muscles" class="mw-redirect" title="Hamstring muscles">hamstring muscles</a>. The muscular imbalance results in pulling down the pelvis in the front of the body, creating a swayback in the spine.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Growth spurt</b> – Younger dancers are more at risk for the development of lumbar hyperlordosis because the lumbar fascia and hamstrings tighten when a child starts to experience a growth spurt into adolescence.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li></ul> <p><b>Technical factors</b> </p> <ul><li><b>Improper lifts</b> – When male dancers are performing <a href="/wiki/Dance_lift" class="mw-redirect" title="Dance lift">dance lifts</a> with another dancer they are extremely prone to lift in the incorrect posture, pushing their arms up to lift the other dancer, while letting their core and spine curve which is easy to then hyperlordosis in a dancer's back.</li> <li><b>Overuse</b> – Over 45% of <a href="/wiki/Anatomical" class="mw-redirect" title="Anatomical">anatomical</a> sites of injury in dancers are in the lower back. This can be attributed to the strains of repetitive dance training which may lead to minor trauma. If the damaged site is not given time to heal the damage of the injury will increase. Abrupt increases in dance intensity or sudden changes in dance choreography do not allow the body to adapt to the new stresses. New styles of dance, returning to dance, or increasing dance time by a great deal will result in exhaustion of the body.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Diagnosis">Diagnosis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lordosis&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Diagnosis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hyperlordosis_XRay_lat.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Hyperlordosis_XRay_lat.jpg/220px-Hyperlordosis_XRay_lat.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="347" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Hyperlordosis_XRay_lat.jpg/330px-Hyperlordosis_XRay_lat.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Hyperlordosis_XRay_lat.jpg/440px-Hyperlordosis_XRay_lat.jpg 2x" data-file-width="641" data-file-height="1012" /></a><figcaption>X-ray of lumbar hyperlordosis</figcaption></figure> <p>Measurement and diagnosis of lumbar hyperlordosis can be difficult. Obliteration of vertebral end-plate landmarks by interbody fusion may make the traditional measurement of segmental lumbar lordosis more difficult. Because the L4–L5 and L5–S1 levels are most commonly involved in fusion procedures or arthrodesis and contribute to normal lumbar lordosis, it is helpful to identify a reproducible and accurate means of measuring segmental lordosis at these levels.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A visible sign of hyperlordosis is an abnormally large arch of the lower back and the person appears to be puffing out his or her stomach and buttocks.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Scanning">Scanning</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lordosis&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Scanning"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="X-ray">X-ray</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lordosis&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: X-ray"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Precise diagnosis is done by looking at a complete medical history, physical examination, and other tests of the patient. <a href="/wiki/Projectional_radiography" title="Projectional radiography">X-rays</a> are used to measure the lumbar curvature. On a lateral X-ray, a normal range of the lordotic curvature of between 20° and 60° has been proposed by <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Stagnara" title="Pierre Stagnara">Stagnara</a> et al., as measured from the inferior endplate of <a href="/wiki/Thoracic_vertebrae#Twelfth_thoracic_vertebra_(T12)" title="Thoracic vertebrae">T12</a> to the inferior endplate of <a href="/wiki/Lumbar_vertebra_5" class="mw-redirect" title="Lumbar vertebra 5">L5</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Boos2008_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Boos2008-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Scoliosis Research Society has proposed a range of 40° and 60° as measured between the upper endplate of Th12 and the upper endplate of S1.<sup id="cite_ref-Boos2008_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Boos2008-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Individual studies, although using other reference points, have found normal ranges up to approximately 85°.<sup id="cite_ref-Boos2008_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Boos2008-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is generally more pronounced in females.<sup id="cite_ref-Boos2008_18-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Boos2008-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is relatively constant through adolescence and young adulthood, but decreases in the elderly.<sup id="cite_ref-Boos2008_18-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Boos2008-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="MRI_and_CT">MRI and CT</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lordosis&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: MRI and CT"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bone scans are conducted to rule out possible fractures and infections, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is used to eliminate the possibility of the spinal cord or nerve abnormalities, and computed tomography scans (CT scans) are used to get a more detailed image of the bones, muscles, and organs of the lumbar region.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Treatment">Treatment</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lordosis&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Treatment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Exercises">Exercises</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lordosis&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Exercises"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some corrective exercises can be done to alleviate this issue, but it may take several months to fix (provided that the person sits less, stands with a neutral pelvis, and sleeps on their back).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Since lumbar hyperlordosis is usually caused by habitual poor posture, rather than by an inherent physical defect like <a href="/wiki/Scoliosis" title="Scoliosis">scoliosis</a> or <a href="/wiki/Hyperkyphosis" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyperkyphosis">hyperkyphosis</a>, it can be reversed.<sup id="cite_ref-McKenzie_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McKenzie-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This can be accomplished by stretching the lower back, hip-flexors, quads and strengthening the abdominal muscles, hamstrings, and glutes. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Strengthening the gluteal complex is a commonly accepted practice to reverse excessive lumbar lordosis, as an increase in gluteal muscle tone assists in the reduction of excessive anterior pelvic tilt and lumbar hyperlordosis.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Local intra-articular hip pain has been shown to inhibit gluteal contraction potential,<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> meaning that hip pain could be a main contributing factor to gluteal inhibition. Dancers should ensure that they don't strain themselves during dance rehearsals and performances. To help with lifts, the concept of isometric contraction, during which the length of the muscle remains the same during contraction, is important for stability and posture.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Lumbar hyperlordosis may be treated by strengthening the hip extensors on the back of the thighs, and by stretching the hip flexors on the front of the thighs. </p><p>Only the muscles on the front and the back of the thighs can rotate the pelvis forward or backward while in a standing position because they can discharge the force on the ground through the legs and feet. Abdominal muscles and erector spinae can't discharge force on an anchor point while standing, unless one is holding his hands somewhere, hence their function will be to flex or extend the torso, not the hip<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>. Back hyper-extensions on a <a href="/wiki/Roman_chair" title="Roman chair">Roman chair</a> or the inflatable ball will strengthen all the <a href="/wiki/Posterior_chain" title="Posterior chain">posterior chain</a> and will treat hyperlordosis. So too will stiff-legged deadlifts and supine hip lifts and any other similar movement strengthen the posterior chain <i>without involving the hip flexors</i> in the front of the thighs. Abdominal exercises could be avoided altogether if they stimulate too much the psoas and the other hip flexors. </p><p>Controversy regarding the degree to which manipulative therapy can help a patient still exists. If therapeutic measures reduce symptoms, but not the measurable degree of lordotic curvature, this could be viewed as a successful outcome of treatment, though based solely on subjective data. The presence of measurable abnormality does not automatically equate with a level of reported symptoms.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Braces">Braces</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lordosis&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Braces"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Boston_brace" title="Boston brace">Boston brace</a> is a plastic exterior that can be made with a small amount of lordosis to minimize stresses on discs that have experienced herniated discs. In the case where <a href="/wiki/Ehlers-Danlos_syndrome" class="mw-redirect" title="Ehlers-Danlos syndrome">Ehlers Danlos syndrome</a> (EDS) is responsible, being properly fitted with a customized brace may be a solution to avoid strain and limit the frequency of instability.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tai_chi">Tai chi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lordosis&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Tai chi"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>While not really a 'treatment', the martial art of <a href="/wiki/Tai_chi" title="Tai chi">tai chi</a> calls for adjusting the lower back curvature (as well as the rest of the spinal curvatures) through specific re-alignments of the pelvis to the thighs, it's referred to in shorthand as 'dropping the tailbone'. The specifics of the structural change are school specific and are part of the jibengong (essential technique) of these schools. The adjustment is referred to in tai chi literature as 'when the lowest vertebrae are plumb erect...'<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lordosis&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hyperkyphosis" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyperkyphosis">Hyperkyphosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyphoscoliosis" title="Kyphoscoliosis">Kyphoscoliosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lordosis_behavior" title="Lordosis behavior">Lordosis behavior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pott%27s_disease" title="Pott's disease">Pott's disease</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lordosis&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Footnotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFDorland1965" class="citation book cs1">Dorland, William (1965). <i>Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary</i> (24 ed.). 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spinemd.com/publications/articles/segmental-lumbar-lordosis-anual-versus-computer-assisted-measurement-using-seven-different-techniques">the original</a> on 2013-07-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-12-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=J+Spinal+Disord+Tech&rft.atitle=Segmental+Lumbar+Lordosis%3A+Manual+Versus+Computer-Assisted+Measurement+Using+Seven+Different+Techniques&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=372-79&rft.date=2004-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A23503809%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15385876&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1097%2F01.bsd.0000109836.59382.47&rft.au=Subach+Brian+R&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.spinemd.com%2Fpublications%2Farticles%2Fsegmental-lumbar-lordosis-anual-versus-computer-assisted-measurement-using-seven-different-techniques&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALordosis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Boos2008-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Boos2008_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Boos2008_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Boos2008_18-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Boos2008_18-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Boos2008_18-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kFhZGjFwjVYC&pg=PA769">p. 769</a> in: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNorbert_Boos,_Max_Aebi2008" class="citation book cs1">Norbert Boos, <a href="/wiki/Max_Aebi" title="Max Aebi">Max Aebi</a> (2008). <i>Spinal Disorders: Fundamentals of Diagnosis and Treatment</i>. 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Lucile Packard Children's Hospital.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lordosis&rft.pub=Lucile+Packard+Children%27s+Hospital&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALordosis" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Missing or empty <code class="cs1-code">|url=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#cite_web_url" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-McKenzie-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-McKenzie_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcKenzie2011" class="citation book cs1">McKenzie, Robin (2011). <i>Treat Your Own Back</i> (Ninth ed.). 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Dance Injuries:Their Prevention and Care. Second Edition. St. Louis, Missouri: C. V. Mosby Company, 1980.</a> p. 36</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarrisonJacksonTroyanovichRobertson1994" class="citation journal cs1">Harrison, DD; Jackson, BL; Troyanovich, S; Robertson, G; de George, D; Barker, WF (September 1994). 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By Manqing Zheng p. 10</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lordosis&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>* <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGylys,_Barbara_A.Mary_Ellen_Wedding2005" class="citation cs2">Gylys, Barbara A.; Mary Ellen Wedding (2005), <i>Medical Terminology Systems</i>, F.A. Davis Company</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Medical+Terminology+Systems&rft.pub=F.A.+Davis+Company&rft.date=2005&rft.au=Gylys%2C+Barbara+A.&rft.au=Mary+Ellen+Wedding&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALordosis" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001400/">"Osteoporosis-overview"</a>. A.D.A.M<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 December</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Osteoporosis-overview&rft.pub=A.D.A.M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpubmedhealth%2FPMH0001400%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALordosis" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lordosis&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spineuniverse.com/displayarticle.php/article1438.html">What is Lordosis?</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003278.htm">Lordosis - MedlinePlus definition</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spineuniverse.com/displayarticle.php/article215.html">Lordosis - SpineUniverse</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://healthamrit.com/how-to-fix-lordosis/">Ways To Treat Lordosis</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output 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class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scheuermann%27s_disease" title="Scheuermann's disease">Scheuermann's disease</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torticollis" title="Torticollis">Torticollis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Spondylopathy" title="Spondylopathy">Spondylopathy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">inflammatory</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spondylitis" title="Spondylitis">Spondylitis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ankylosing_spondylitis" title="Ankylosing spondylitis">Ankylosing spondylitis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacroiliitis" title="Sacroiliitis">Sacroiliitis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discitis" title="Discitis">Discitis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spondylodiscitis" title="Spondylodiscitis">Spondylodiscitis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pott%27s_disease" title="Pott's disease">Pott's disease</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">non inflammatory</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spondylosis" title="Spondylosis">Spondylosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spondylolysis" title="Spondylolysis">Spondylolysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spondylolisthesis" title="Spondylolisthesis">Spondylolisthesis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Retrolisthesis" title="Retrolisthesis">Retrolisthesis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spinal_stenosis" title="Spinal stenosis">Spinal stenosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Facet_syndrome" title="Facet syndrome">Facet syndrome</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Back_pain" title="Back pain">Back pain</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neck_pain" title="Neck pain">Neck pain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_back_pain" class="mw-redirect" title="Upper back pain">Upper back pain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low_back_pain" title="Low back pain">Low back pain</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coccydynia" title="Coccydynia">Coccydynia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sciatica" title="Sciatica">Sciatica</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiculopathy" title="Radiculopathy">Radiculopathy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Intervertebral_disc#Disease" title="Intervertebral disc">Intervertebral disc disorder</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Schmorl%27s_nodes" title="Schmorl's nodes">Schmorl's nodes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Degenerative_disc_disease" title="Degenerative disc disease">Degenerative disc disease</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spinal_disc_herniation" title="Spinal disc herniation">Spinal disc herniation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Facet_joint_arthrosis" title="Facet joint arthrosis">Facet joint arthrosis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Congenital_malformations_and_deformations_of_musculoskeletal_system_/_musculoskeletal_abnormality" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Congenital_malformations_and_deformations_of_musculoskeletal_system" title="Template:Congenital malformations and deformations of musculoskeletal system"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Congenital_malformations_and_deformations_of_musculoskeletal_system" title="Template talk:Congenital malformations and deformations of musculoskeletal system"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Congenital_malformations_and_deformations_of_musculoskeletal_system" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Congenital malformations and deformations of musculoskeletal system"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Congenital_malformations_and_deformations_of_musculoskeletal_system_/_musculoskeletal_abnormality" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Congenital_disorder" class="mw-redirect" title="Congenital disorder">Congenital</a> malformations and deformations of <a href="/wiki/Human_musculoskeletal_system" title="Human musculoskeletal system">musculoskeletal system</a> / <a href="/wiki/Musculoskeletal_abnormality" title="Musculoskeletal abnormality">musculoskeletal abnormality</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Appendicular_skeleton" title="Appendicular skeleton">Appendicular</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Congenital_limb_deformities" title="Congenital limb deformities">limb</a> / <a href="/wiki/Dysmelia" title="Dysmelia">dysmelia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Arm" title="Arm">Arms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Clavicle" title="Clavicle">clavicle</a> / <a href="/wiki/Shoulder" title="Shoulder">shoulder</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cleidocranial_dysostosis" title="Cleidocranial dysostosis">Cleidocranial dysostosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sprengel%27s_deformity" title="Sprengel's deformity">Sprengel's deformity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallis%E2%80%93Zieff%E2%80%93Goldblatt_syndrome" title="Wallis–Zieff–Goldblatt syndrome">Wallis–Zieff–Goldblatt syndrome</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hand_deformity" title="Hand deformity">hand deformity</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Madelung%27s_deformity" title="Madelung's deformity">Madelung's deformity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinodactyly" title="Clinodactyly">Clinodactyly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oligodactyly" title="Oligodactyly">Oligodactyly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polydactyly" title="Polydactyly">Polydactyly</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Human_leg" title="Human leg">Leg</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hip" title="Hip">hip</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hip_dislocation" title="Hip dislocation">Hip dislocation</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hip_dysplasia" title="Hip dysplasia">Hip dysplasia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upington_disease" title="Upington disease">Upington disease</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coxa_valga" title="Coxa valga">Coxa valga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coxa_vara" title="Coxa vara">Coxa vara</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Knee" title="Knee">knee</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Genu_valgum" title="Genu valgum">Genu valgum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genu_varum" title="Genu varum">Genu varum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genu_recurvatum" title="Genu recurvatum">Genu recurvatum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discoid_meniscus" title="Discoid meniscus">Discoid meniscus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congenital_patellar_dislocation" class="mw-redirect" title="Congenital patellar dislocation">Congenital patellar dislocation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congenital_knee_dislocation" class="mw-redirect" title="Congenital knee dislocation">Congenital knee dislocation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Foot_deformity" title="Foot deformity">foot deformity</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Varus_deformity" title="Varus deformity">varus</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Club_foot" class="mw-redirect" title="Club foot">Club foot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pigeon_toe" title="Pigeon toe">Pigeon toe</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Valgus_deformity" title="Valgus deformity">valgus</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flat_feet" title="Flat feet">Flat feet</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pes_cavus" title="Pes cavus">Pes cavus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocker_bottom_foot" title="Rocker bottom foot">Rocker bottom foot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hammer_toe" title="Hammer toe">Hammer toe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Either / both</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dactyly" title="Dactyly">fingers and toes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polydactyly" title="Polydactyly">Polydactyly</a> / <a href="/wiki/Syndactyly" title="Syndactyly">Syndactyly</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Webbed_toes" title="Webbed toes">Webbed toes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arachnodactyly" title="Arachnodactyly">Arachnodactyly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cenani%E2%80%93Lenz_syndactylism" title="Cenani–Lenz syndactylism">Cenani–Lenz syndactylism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ectrodactyly" title="Ectrodactyly">Ectrodactyly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brachydactyly" title="Brachydactyly">Brachydactyly</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stub_thumb" class="mw-redirect" title="Stub thumb">Stub thumb</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">reduction deficits / limb</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acheiropodia" title="Acheiropodia">Acheiropodia</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ectromelia" title="Ectromelia">Ectromelia</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phocomelia" title="Phocomelia">Phocomelia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amelia_(birth_defect)" title="Amelia (birth defect)">Amelia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemimelia" title="Hemimelia">Hemimelia</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">multiple joints</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arthrogryposis" title="Arthrogryposis">Arthrogryposis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larsen_syndrome" title="Larsen syndrome">Larsen syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAPADILINO_syndrome" title="RAPADILINO syndrome">RAPADILINO syndrome</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Axial_skeleton" title="Axial skeleton">Axial</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Craniofacial_abnormality" title="Craniofacial abnormality">Skull and face</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Craniosynostosis" title="Craniosynostosis">Craniosynostosis</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scaphocephaly" title="Scaphocephaly">Scaphocephaly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxycephaly" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxycephaly">Oxycephaly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trigonocephaly" title="Trigonocephaly">Trigonocephaly</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Craniofacial_dysostosis" class="mw-redirect" title="Craniofacial dysostosis">Craniofacial dysostosis</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crouzon_syndrome" title="Crouzon syndrome">Crouzon syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypertelorism" title="Hypertelorism">Hypertelorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hallermann%E2%80%93Streiff_syndrome" title="Hallermann–Streiff syndrome">Hallermann–Streiff syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oto-palato-digital_syndrome" title="Oto-palato-digital syndrome">Oto-palato-digital syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treacher_Collins_syndrome" title="Treacher Collins syndrome">Treacher Collins syndrome</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Macrocephaly" title="Macrocephaly">Macrocephaly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platybasia" title="Platybasia">Platybasia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Craniodiaphyseal_dysplasia" title="Craniodiaphyseal dysplasia">Craniodiaphyseal dysplasia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolichocephaly" title="Dolichocephaly">Dolichocephaly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greig_cephalopolysyndactyly_syndrome" title="Greig cephalopolysyndactyly syndrome">Greig cephalopolysyndactyly syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plagiocephaly" title="Plagiocephaly">Plagiocephaly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saddle_nose" title="Saddle nose">Saddle nose</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vertebral_column" title="Vertebral column">Vertebral column</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spinal_curvature" class="mw-redirect" title="Spinal curvature">Spinal curvature</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scoliosis" title="Scoliosis">Scoliosis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klippel%E2%80%93Feil_syndrome" title="Klippel–Feil syndrome">Klippel–Feil syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spondylolisthesis" title="Spondylolisthesis">Spondylolisthesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spina_bifida_occulta" class="mw-redirect" title="Spina bifida occulta">Spina bifida occulta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacralization_of_the_fifth_lumbar_vertebra" class="mw-redirect" title="Sacralization of the fifth lumbar vertebra">Sacralization</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Thoracic_skeleton" class="mw-redirect" title="Thoracic skeleton">Thoracic skeleton</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rib" title="Rib">ribs</a>:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cervical_rib" title="Cervical rib">Cervical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bifid_rib" title="Bifid rib">Bifid</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sternum" title="Sternum">sternum</a>:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pectus_excavatum" title="Pectus excavatum">Pectus excavatum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pectus_carinatum" title="Pectus carinatum">Pectus carinatum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">other:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Poland_syndrome" title="Poland syndrome">Poland syndrome</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb14408709c">BnF data</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="lordóza"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph392391&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lordosis&oldid=1240073676">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lordosis&oldid=1240073676</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" 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