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vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Sadržaj</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">premjesti</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Početak</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Mehanizam_osmoze" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mehanizam_osmoze"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Mehanizam osmoze</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Mehanizam_osmoze-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Sadržaj cjeline Mehanizam osmoze</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Mehanizam_osmoze-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Osmoza_i_difuzija" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Osmoza_i_difuzija"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Osmoza i difuzija</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Osmoza_i_difuzija-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Stanična_osmoza" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stanična_osmoza"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Stanična osmoza</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Stanična_osmoza-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Povratna_osmoza" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Povratna_osmoza"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Povratna osmoza</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Povratna_osmoza-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Izvori" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Izvori"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Izvori</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Izvori-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sadržaj" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Prikaz sadržaja stranice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Prikaz sadržaja stranice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Osmoza</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Idi na druge jezične varijante članka. Dostupan je na 79 jezika" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-79" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">79 jezika</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmose" title="Osmose – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Osmose" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B6%D8%AD" title="تناضح – arapski" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تناضح" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arapski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%93smosis" title="Ósmosis – asturijski" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Ósmosis" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Осмас – bjeloruski" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Осмас" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bjeloruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Осмоза – bugarski" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Осмоза" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bugarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A3" title="অভিস্রবণ – bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="অভিস্রবণ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmoza" title="Osmoza – bosanski" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Osmoza" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmosi_(directa)" title="Osmosi (directa) – katalonski" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Osmosi (directa)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%95%DA%B5%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%86" title="دەڵاندن – soranski kurdski" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="دەڵاندن" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="soranski kurdski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmosis" title="Osmosis – velški" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Osmosis" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="velški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmose" title="Osmose – danski" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Osmose" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="dobri članak"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmose" title="Osmose – njemački" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Osmose" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="njemački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%8F%CF%83%CE%BC%CF%89%CF%83%CE%B7" title="Ώσμωση – grčki" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ώσμωση" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grčki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmosis" title="Osmosis – engleski" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Osmosis" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmozo" title="Osmozo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Osmozo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%93smosis" title="Ósmosis – španjolski" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ósmosis" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="španjolski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmoos" title="Osmoos – estonski" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Osmoos" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmosi" title="Osmosi – baskijski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Osmosi" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%B2" title="اسمز – perzijski" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اسمز" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perzijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmoosi" title="Osmoosi – finski" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Osmoosi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmose" title="Osmose – francuski" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Osmose" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francuski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osm%C3%B3is" title="Osmóis – irski" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Osmóis" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmose" title="Osmose – galicijski" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Osmose" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%96%D7%94" title="אוסמוזה – hebrejski" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אוסמוזה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3" title="परासरण – hindski" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="परासरण" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmoz" title="Osmoz – haićanski kreolski" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Osmoz" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haićanski kreolski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ozm%C3%B3zis" title="Ozmózis – mađarski" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Ozmózis" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="mađarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%95%D5%BD%D5%B4%D5%B8%D5%BD" title="Օսմոս – armenski" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Օսմոս" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armenski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmosis" title="Osmosis – indonezijski" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Osmosis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonezijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmoso" title="Osmoso – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Osmoso" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himnufl%C3%A6%C3%B0i" title="Himnuflæði – islandski" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Himnuflæði" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmosi" title="Osmosi – talijanski" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Osmosi" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="talijanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B5%B8%E9%80%8F" title="浸透 – japanski" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="浸透" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98" title="ოსმოსი – gruzijski" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ოსმოსი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruzijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%86%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D" title="ಆಸ್ಮಾಸಿಸ್ – karnatački" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಆಸ್ಮಾಸಿಸ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="karnatački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%82%BC%ED%88%AC" title="삼투 – korejski" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="삼투" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81" title="Осмос – kirgiski" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Осмос" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgiski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmosis" title="Osmosis – latinski" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Osmosis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latinski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmose" title="Osmose – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Osmose" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekikenululo" title="Ekikenululo – ganda" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Ekikenululo" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="ganda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Luganda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmosas" title="Osmosas – litavski" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Osmosas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litavski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmoze" title="Osmoze – latvijski" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Osmoze" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latvijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Осмоза – makedonski" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Осмоза" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%83%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%82" title="വൃതിവ്യാപനം – malajalamski" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="വൃതിവ്യാപനം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmosis" title="Osmosis – malajski" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Osmosis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmose" title="Osmose – nizozemski" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Osmose" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nizozemski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmose" title="Osmose – norveški nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Osmose" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norveški nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmose" title="Osmose – norveški bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Osmose" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norveški bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osm%C3%B2si" title="Osmòsi – okcitanski" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Osmòsi" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="okcitanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmoza" title="Osmoza – poljski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Osmoza" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poljski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osm%C3%B2si" title="Osmòsi – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Osmòsi" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmose" title="Osmose – portugalski" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Osmose" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmoz%C4%83" title="Osmoză – rumunjski" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Osmoză" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumunjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81" title="Осмос – ruski" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Осмос" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmoza" title="Osmoza – srpsko-hrvatski" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Osmoza" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="srpsko-hrvatski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmosis" title="Osmosis – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Osmosis" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osm%C3%B3za" title="Osmóza – slovački" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Osmóza" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmoza" title="Osmoza – slovenski" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Osmoza" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musenerera" title="Musenerera – shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Musenerera" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmose" title="Osmose – somalski" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Osmose" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmoza" title="Osmoza – albanski" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Osmoza" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Осмоза – srpski" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Осмоза" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="srpski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmosis" title="Osmosis – sundanski" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Osmosis" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmos" title="Osmos – švedski" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Osmos" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="švedski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osimosisi" title="Osimosisi – svahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Osimosisi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="svahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="சவ்வூடு பரவல் – tamilski" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சவ்வூடு பரவல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AD%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A3%E0%B0%82" title="ద్రవాభిసరణం – teluški" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ద్రవాభిసరణం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="teluški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA" title="ออสโมซิส – tajlandski" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ออสโมซิส" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tajlandski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmosis" title="Osmosis – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Osmosis" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmoz" title="Osmoz – turski" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Osmoz" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81" title="Осмос – ukrajinski" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Осмос" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrajinski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%84_%D9%86%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B0" title="عمل نفوذ – urdski" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="عمل نفوذ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmos" title="Osmos – uzbečki" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Osmos" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbečki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%E1%BA%A9m_th%E1%BA%A5u" title="Thẩm thấu – vijetnamski" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thẩm thấu" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vijetnamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmosis" title="Osmosis – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Osmosis" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B8%97%E9%80%8F" title="渗透 – wu kineski" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="渗透" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B8%97%E9%80%8F" title="渗透 – kineski" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="渗透" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%BB%B2%E9%80%8F" title="滲透 – kantonski" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="滲透" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umnyikilizo" title="Umnyikilizo – zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Umnyikilizo" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q54237#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Poveznice na druge jezike" class="wbc-editpage">Uredi poveznice</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Imenski prostori"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Osmoza" title="Pogledaj sadržaj [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Stranica</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Razgovor:Osmoza" rel="discussion" title="Razgovorna stranica [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Razgovor</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Promijeni jezičnu varijantu" > <label 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title="Uredite ovu stranicu [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Uredi</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Osmoza&action=edit" title="Uredite izvorni kôd ove stranice [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Uredi kôd</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Osmoza&action=history" title="Ranije izmjene na ovoj stranici [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Vidi povijest</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Pomagala"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Pomagala" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Pomagala</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Pomagala</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">premjesti</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button 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class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Izvor: Wikipedija</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="hr" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:0307_Osmosis.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/0307_Osmosis.jpg/300px-0307_Osmosis.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/0307_Osmosis.jpg/450px-0307_Osmosis.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/62/0307_Osmosis.jpg 2x" data-file-width="544" data-file-height="308" /></a><figcaption>1. čaša: dvije otopine različitih koncentracija odvojene polupropusnom membranom, vidimo čestice otopljene tvari, 2. čaša: voda prelazi na desnu stranu od polupropusne membrane i time teži izjednačavanju <a href="/wiki/Koncentracija" title="Koncentracija">koncentracija</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Osmose_en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Osmose_en.svg/300px-Osmose_en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="221" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Osmose_en.svg/450px-Osmose_en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Osmose_en.svg/600px-Osmose_en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="531" /></a><figcaption>Voda prolazi kroz polupropusnu membranu ako su odijeljenje dvije <a href="/wiki/Teku%C4%87ine" title="Tekućine">tekućine</a> različitih koncentracija.</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5770524/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{text-align:left;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption-center{text-align:center;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{text-align:center}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:304px;max-width:304px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:302px;max-width:302px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Osmotic_pressure_on_blood_cells_diagram.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Osmotic_pressure_on_blood_cells_diagram.svg/300px-Osmotic_pressure_on_blood_cells_diagram.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Osmotic_pressure_on_blood_cells_diagram.svg/450px-Osmotic_pressure_on_blood_cells_diagram.svg.png 1.5x, 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Human_Erythrocytes_OsmoticPressure_PhaseContrast_Plain.svg/450px-Human_Erythrocytes_OsmoticPressure_PhaseContrast_Plain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Human_Erythrocytes_OsmoticPressure_PhaseContrast_Plain.svg/600px-Human_Erythrocytes_OsmoticPressure_PhaseContrast_Plain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="580" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Utjecaj različitog osmotskog tlaka na <a href="/wiki/Eritrociti" title="Eritrociti">crvene krvne stanice</a>.</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:302px;max-width:302px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Turgor_pressure_on_plant_cells_diagram.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Turgor_pressure_on_plant_cells_diagram.svg/300px-Turgor_pressure_on_plant_cells_diagram.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Turgor_pressure_on_plant_cells_diagram.svg/450px-Turgor_pressure_on_plant_cells_diagram.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Turgor_pressure_on_plant_cells_diagram.svg/600px-Turgor_pressure_on_plant_cells_diagram.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="618" data-file-height="244" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Stanice biljaka pod različitim uvjetima okoline.</div></div></div></div></div> <p><b>Osmoza</b> (prema <a href="/wiki/Gr%C4%8Dki_jezik" title="Grčki jezik">grč</a>. <i>ὠσμός</i>: guranje, tiskanje) je <a href="/wiki/Difuzija" title="Difuzija">difuzija</a> kojom se izjednačuju <a href="/wiki/Koncentracija" title="Koncentracija">koncentracija</a> u <a href="/wiki/Otopine" title="Otopine">otopini</a> i <a href="/wiki/Otapalo" title="Otapalo">otapalu</a>, odnosno koncentracije dviju otopina različitih koncentracija, međusobno odijeljenih <a href="/wiki/Membrana" class="mw-disambig" title="Membrana">polupropusnom membranom</a>, to jest takvom koja propušta otapalo, ali zaustavlja otopljenu <a href="/wiki/Tvar" title="Tvar">tvar</a>. U novonastaloj otopini, odnosno u otopini veće koncentracije, nastaje pri osmozi povišenje <a href="/wiki/Tlak" title="Tlak">tlaka</a> koje se naziva osmotski tlak; njegova je jačina proporcionalna koncentraciji otopine. Osmoza se javlja u biljnim i životinjskim organizmima, gdje stanične membrane imaju svojstvo polupropusnosti, a postoji razlika u koncentraciji otopine unutar i izvan <a href="/wiki/Stanica" title="Stanica">stanice</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mehanizam_osmoze">Mehanizam osmoze</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Osmoza&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Uredi odlomak: Mehanizam osmoze" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Osmoza&action=edit&section=1" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Mehanizam osmoze"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Osmoza</b> je proces u kojem polupropusna <a href="/wiki/Membrana" class="mw-disambig" title="Membrana">membrana</a> odvaja dvije otopine različitih koncentracija. Polupropusna membrana propušta <a href="/wiki/Molekule" class="mw-redirect" title="Molekule">molekule</a> otapala dok ne propušta čestice otopljenih tvari (<a href="/wiki/Ion" title="Ion">ione</a> ili molekule). Molekule otapala se zbog razlike u <a href="/wiki/Koncentracija" title="Koncentracija">koncentracijama</a> otopina gibaju s mjesta manje koncentracije prema mjestu veće koncentracije. Proces ima težnju odvijanja sve do izjednačenja koncentracija s obje strane membrane; manje koncentrirana otopina postaje koncentriranija, više koncentriranoj otopini se smanjuje koncentracija. Pojava se može najjednostavnije objasniti <a href="/wiki/Kineti%C4%8Dka_teorija_plinova" title="Kinetička teorija plinova">kinetičkom teorijom</a> i činjenicom da na strani otopine s manjom koncentracijom otopljenih tvari ima više molekula otapala (vode) koje zato prelaze na stranu s manje molekula otapala. </p><p>Pri prolasku molekula otapala kroz membranu dolazi do porasta <a href="/wiki/Volumen" class="mw-redirect" title="Volumen">volumena</a> otopine na jednoj strani membrane i smanjenja volumena otopine na drugoj strani. Porast volumena otopine na jednoj strani stvara <a href="/wiki/Hidrostatski_tlak" class="mw-redirect" title="Hidrostatski tlak">hidrostatski tlak</a> koji se suprotstavlja osmozi, to jest osmotskom tlaku koji djeluje na membranu. Kada se ova dva tlaka izjednače, uspostavit će se dinamična ravnoteža, to jest više neće doći do podizanja razine otopine, dok molekule otapala i dalje prolaze kroz membranu ali u oba smjera jednako intenzivno. Tlak pri kome se uspostavlja ova ravnoteža naziva se efektivni osmotski tlak. Osmotski je tlak veći što je razlika koncentracija otopina veća, i obrnuto. Molekule otapala se gibaju iz otopine s nižom (hipotonična otopina) u otopinu s višom koncentracijom otopljene tvari (hipertonična otopina). Osmozu možemo promatrati kao poseban slučaj <a href="/wiki/Difuzija" title="Difuzija">difuzije</a>. Osmolaritet je relativna koncentracija otopljene tvari u sredini u kojoj se nađe <a href="/wiki/Stanica" title="Stanica">stanica</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Osmoza_i_difuzija">Osmoza i difuzija</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Osmoza&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Uredi odlomak: Osmoza i difuzija" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Osmoza&action=edit&section=2" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Osmoza i difuzija"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Difuzija se ne zbiva samo između kemijskih tvari koje se dodiruju, nego također između tvari koje su odijeljene nekom pregradom, odnosno <a href="/wiki/Membrana" class="mw-disambig" title="Membrana">membranom</a>. Osim toga, difuzija tekućine može postojati i kroz pregrade nasuprot <a href="/wiki/Sila_te%C5%BEa" title="Sila teža">sili teži</a>, i to s izvjesnim <a href="/wiki/Tlak" title="Tlak">tlakom</a> koji se naziva osmotski tlak. Ako na primjer odijelimo otopinu <a href="/wiki/Bakrov(II)_sulfat_pentahidrat" title="Bakrov(II) sulfat pentahidrat">modre galice</a> i vodu nekom membranom (na primjer životinjskim mjehurom) vidjet ćemo da voda mnogo brže prodire kroz membranu u modru galicu nego modra galica u vodu. <a href="/wiki/Voda" title="Voda">Voda</a> će dotle prodirati dok ne nastupi ravnoteža između <a href="/wiki/Hidrostati%C4%8Dki_tlak" title="Hidrostatički tlak">hidrostatskog</a> i osmotskog tlaka. </p><p>Difuzija kroz propusne ili polupropusne membrane (stijenke) naziva se osmoza. Tlak koji zbog različite koncentracije otopina tjera tekućinu u smjeru veće koncentracije naziva se osmotski tlak. Pri dodiru dviju tekućina različitih koncentracija tekućine nastoje svoju koncentraciju izjednačiti difuzijom. Budući da molekule modre galice ne mogu tako brzo prolaziti kroz polupropusnu membranu u vodu, to se koncentracija izjednačuje na taj način da voda prodire u otopinu modre galice i njezinu koncentraciju izjednačuje. </p><p>Osmotski tlak je kod nekih otopina vrlo velik, tako je na primjer kod <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0e%C4%87eri" title="Šećeri">šećerne</a> <a href="/wiki/Otopine" title="Otopine">otopine</a> 60 000 <a href="/wiki/Njutn" title="Njutn">N</a>/<a href="/wiki/%C4%8Cetvorni_metar" title="Četvorni metar">mm<sup>2</sup></a> (0,6 <a href="/wiki/Bar_(jedinica)" title="Bar (jedinica)">bar</a>). Osmoza je važna za žive organizme. Stijenke stanica su opne koje propuštaju samo one tvari koje su organizmu potrebne za hranu.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Stanična_osmoza"><span id="Stani.C4.8Dna_osmoza"></span>Stanična osmoza</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Osmoza&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Uredi odlomak: Stanična osmoza" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Osmoza&action=edit&section=3" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Stanična osmoza"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Osmoza u <a href="/wiki/Stanica" title="Stanica">stanici</a> nastupa zbog razlike u osmolaritetu <a href="/wiki/Citoplazma" title="Citoplazma">citoplazme</a> s unutrašnje, i otopine s vanjske strane membrane, što dovodi do smežuravanja ili bubrenja stanice. Češća pojava bubrenja i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Liza&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liza (stranica ne postoji)">lize</a> stanice nastupa zbog veće koncentracije otopljenih iona i malih <a href="/wiki/Organske_tvari" class="mw-redirect" title="Organske tvari">organskih</a> molekula u stanici, zbog čega je ona hipertonična u odnosu na svoju okolinu, pa voda ulazi u stanicu. Stanice se problemu visokog osmolariteta prilagođavaju, ovisno o <a href="/wiki/Carstvo_(taksonomija)" title="Carstvo (taksonomija)">carstvu</a> kojem pojedini organizam pripada: </p> <ul><li>Stanice <a href="/wiki/Biljke" title="Biljke">biljaka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alge" title="Alge">alga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gljive" title="Gljive">gljiva</a>, i većine <a href="/wiki/Bakterije" title="Bakterije">bakterija</a> obavijene su <a href="/wiki/Stani%C4%8Dna_stijenka" title="Stanična stijenka">staničnom stijenkom</a> koja je dovoljno čvrsta da spriječi rasprsnuće stanice u hiptonočnoj otopini. U njima se, zbog ulaska vode, stvara <b>turgorski tlak</b> koji onu količinu vode koja uđe tjera van, pa su biljna tkiva iznimno jaka. U hipetoničnoj otopini izlazak vode uzrokuje odvajanje membrane od stanične stijenke, te dovodi do procesa <b>plazmolize</b> i uvenuća biljke.</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C5%BDivotinje" title="Životinje">Životinjske</a> stanice problem osmolariteta rješavaju aktivnim izbacivanjem <a href="/wiki/Anorganska_kemija" title="Anorganska kemija">anorganskih</a> iona i smanjivanjem razlike u koncentracijama otopljenih tvari (prvenstveno <a href="/wiki/Natrij" title="Natrij">natrija</a>) između stanice i njezine okoline (natrij-kalijeva crpka ili Na|K crpka). Pri tome troše značajne količine energije.</li></ul> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:ReverseOsmosis_with_PressureExchanger.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/ReverseOsmosis_with_PressureExchanger.svg/300px-ReverseOsmosis_with_PressureExchanger.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/ReverseOsmosis_with_PressureExchanger.svg/450px-ReverseOsmosis_with_PressureExchanger.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/ReverseOsmosis_with_PressureExchanger.svg/600px-ReverseOsmosis_with_PressureExchanger.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="738" data-file-height="438" /></a><figcaption>Prikaz rada povratne osmoze kod desalinizacije morske vode korištenjem izmjenjivača tlaka:<br /><i>1</i>: Ulaz <a href="/wiki/More" title="More">morske vode</a>,<br /><i>2</i>: Izlaz <a href="/wiki/Slatka_voda" title="Slatka voda">slatke vode</a> (40%),<br /><i>3</i>: <a href="/wiki/Otpad" title="Otpad">Otpadna</a> voda (60%),<br /><i>4</i>: <a href="/wiki/Volumni_protok" title="Volumni protok">Protok</a> morske vode (60%),<br /><i>5</i>: Koncentrirani odvod (gušći od morske vode),<br /><i>A</i>: Protočna <a href="/wiki/Crpka" class="mw-redirect" title="Crpka">crpka</a> (40%),<br /><i>B</i>: Protočna crpka,<br /><i>C</i>: Uređaj za povratnu osmozu s polupropusnom membranom,<br /><i>D</i>: Izmjenjivač tlaka.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Povratna_osmoza">Povratna osmoza</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Osmoza&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Uredi odlomak: Povratna osmoza" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Osmoza&action=edit&section=4" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Povratna osmoza"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="margin-left:0.3rem"><i><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r7016135">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Vista-xmag.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/18px-Vista-xmag.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/27px-Vista-xmag.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/36px-Vista-xmag.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> Podrobniji članak o temi: <a href="/wiki/Povratna_osmoza" title="Povratna osmoza">Povratna osmoza</a></div></i></div> <p><b>Povratna osmoza</b>, <b>obrnuta osmoza</b> ili <b>reverzna osmoza</b> je metoda koja služi za dobivanje <a href="/wiki/Pitka_voda" title="Pitka voda">pitke vode</a> iz <a href="/wiki/More" title="More">slane vode</a>. Postupak koristi polupropusnu membranu kroz koju prolazi čista voda a zaostaju <a href="/wiki/Soli" title="Soli">soli</a>. <a href="/wiki/Tlak" title="Tlak">Tlak</a> slane vode mora biti oko 25 <a href="/wiki/Bar_(jedinica)" title="Bar (jedinica)">bar</a>, što ovu metodu čini skupom za proizvodnju većih količina svježe vode. Kloridi, <a href="/wiki/Amonijak" title="Amonijak">amonijak</a> i <a href="/wiki/Ugljikov_dioksid" class="mw-redirect" title="Ugljikov dioksid">ugljikov dioksid</a> su male <a href="/wiki/Molekule" class="mw-redirect" title="Molekule">molekule</a> pa prolaze polupropusnu membranu, te ih treba naknadno ukloniti <a href="/wiki/Aktivni_ugljen" title="Aktivni ugljen">aktivnim ugljenom</a>. Neke <a href="/wiki/Bakterije" title="Bakterije">bakterije</a> i <a href="/wiki/Virusi" title="Virusi">virusi</a> takoder prolaze polupropusnu membranu, pa i njih treba dezinficirati (<a href="/wiki/Klor" title="Klor">kloriranje</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ozon" title="Ozon">ozon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ultraljubi%C4%8Dasto_zra%C4%8Denje" title="Ultraljubičasto zračenje">UV</a> svjetiljka, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sun%C4%8Deva_dezinfekcija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sunčeva dezinfekcija (stranica ne postoji)">sunčeva dezinfekcija</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Povratna osmoza ili reverzna osmoza je skoro savršen proces <a href="/wiki/Filtracija" title="Filtracija">filtriranja</a> vode. Ovaj proces omogućuje odstranjivanje najsitnijih čestica iz vode. Povratna osmoza se koristi za <a href="/wiki/Pro%C4%8Di%C5%A1%C4%87avanje_vode" title="Pročišćavanje vode">pročišćavanje vode</a> i odstranjivanje neorganskih <a href="/wiki/Minerali" title="Minerali">minerala</a>, <a href="/wiki/Soli" title="Soli">soli</a> i ostalih nečistoća u cilju poboljšanja izgleda, ukusa i ostalih svojstava vode. Tako se dobiva kvalitet voda za piće koji zadovoljava sve <a href="/wiki/Standard" title="Standard">standarde</a> voda za piće. Nakon poznatih načina prečišćavanje vode industrijskom filtracijom (gradski vodovod i tvornice), prokuhavanjem i kloriranjem, došlo se do tehnički skoro savršenog načina filtriranja vode, koji gotovo od svake zagađene vode može načiniti zdravu pitku voda. Osmotske membrane koje se koriste u ovom postupku imaju toliko sitne otvore da kroz njih mogu proći gotovo samo <a href="/wiki/Molekule" class="mw-redirect" title="Molekule">molekule</a> čiste vode, a sve nečistoće ostaju na membrani i izbacuju se preko odvoda kao tehnička otpadna voda. Ovakvim načinom filtracije vode dobiva se voda za piće visoke kvalitete, koja se može koristiti i u <a href="/wiki/Medicina" title="Medicina">medicinske</a> svrhe (voda za bebe).<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Izvori">Izvori</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Osmoza&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Uredi odlomak: Izvori" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Osmoza&action=edit&section=5" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Izvori"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6541845">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <b>osmoza</b>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.enciklopedija.hr/Natuknica.aspx?ID=45726">[1]</a> "Hrvatska enciklopedija", Leksikografski zavod Miroslav Krleža, www.enciklopedija.hr, 2017.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> Velimir Kruz: "Tehnička fizika za tehničke škole", "Školska knjiga" Zagreb, 1969.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://glossary.periodni.com/glosar.php?hr=reverzna+osmoza">[2]</a> "Reverzna osmoza", Englesko-hrvatski kemijski rječnik & glosar, www.glossary.periodni.com, 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.grad.unizg.hr/_download/repository/1.7._Kondicioniranje_vode%5B1%5D.pdf">[3]</a><sup>[<span style="color:#a44"><i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedija:Provjerljivost" title="Wikipedija:Provjerljivost">neaktivna poveznica</a></i></span>]</sup> "Kondicioniranje vode", www.grad.unizg.hr, 2012.</span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Dobavljeno iz "<a dir="ltr" href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Osmoza&oldid=6329048">https://hr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Osmoza&oldid=6329048</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Kategorije" title="Posebno:Kategorije">Kategorije</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Stani%C4%8Dna_biologija" title="Kategorija:Stanična biologija">Stanična biologija</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Kemija" title="Kategorija:Kemija">Kemija</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Skrivena kategorija: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:%C4%8Clanci_s_neaktivnim_poveznicama" title="Kategorija:Članci s neaktivnim poveznicama">Članci s neaktivnim poveznicama</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Ova stranica posljednji je put uređivana 2. ožujka 2022. u 18:12.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Tekst je dostupan pod licencijom <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.hr">Creative Commons: Imenuj autora/Dijeli pod istim uvjetima</a>; mogu se primjenjivati i dodatni uvjeti. 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