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border:2px solid #BDBDBD; font-size:90%; float:right; padding:4px;"> <tbody><tr style="font-size:115%;"><td colspan="2" align="center"><big><b>Department of State</b></big></td></tr> <tr><td align="center" colspan="2" valign="top"><a href="/File:US-DeptOfState-Seal.svg" class="image"><img alt="US-DeptOfState-Seal.svg" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/US-DeptOfState-Seal.svg/150px-US-DeptOfState-Seal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/US-DeptOfState-Seal.svg/225px-US-DeptOfState-Seal.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/US-DeptOfState-Seal.svg/300px-US-DeptOfState-Seal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="720" /></a></td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="top"><b>Secretary:</b></td><td><a href="/Tony_Blinken" title="Tony Blinken">Antony Blinken</a></td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="top"><b>Year created:</b></td><td>1789</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="top"><b>Official website:</b></td><td><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://www.state.gov/">State.gov</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><br /> </p> <table class="infobox" style="text-align: center; width:250px;"> <tbody><tr> <td><br /><div class="center"><div class="floatnone"><a href="/Executive_Branch" title="Executive Branch"><img alt="Executive-Branch-Logo.png" src="https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/thumb/0/0a/Executive-Branch-Logo.png/130px-Executive-Branch-Logo.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="130" srcset="https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/thumb/0/0a/Executive-Branch-Logo.png/195px-Executive-Branch-Logo.png 1.5x, https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/thumb/0/0a/Executive-Branch-Logo.png/260px-Executive-Branch-Logo.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="900" /></a></div></div><br /><center><b>Executive Departments of the United States</b></center><hr /> </td></tr> <tr> <td><center><b>Executive Departments</b></center> <small><center><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Department of State</a> • <a href="/U.S._Department_of_the_Treasury" title="U.S. Department of the Treasury">Department of the Treasury</a> • <a href="/U.S._Department_of_Defense" title="U.S. Department of Defense">Department of Defense</a> • <a href="/U.S._Department_of_Justice" title="U.S. Department of Justice">Department of Justice</a> • <a href="/U.S._Department_of_the_Interior" title="U.S. Department of the Interior">Department of the Interior</a> • <a href="/U.S._Department_of_Agriculture" title="U.S. Department of Agriculture">Department of Agriculture</a> • <a href="/U.S._Department_of_Commerce" title="U.S. Department of Commerce">Department of Commerce</a> • <a href="/U.S._Department_of_Labor" title="U.S. Department of Labor">Department of Labor</a> • <a href="/U.S._Department_of_Health_and_Human_Services" title="U.S. Department of Health and Human Services">Department of Health and Human Services</a> • <a href="/U.S._Department_of_Housing_and_Urban_Development" title="U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development">Department of Housing and Urban Development</a> • <a href="/U.S._Department_of_Transportation" title="U.S. Department of Transportation">Department of Transportation</a> • <a href="/U.S._Department_of_Energy" title="U.S. Department of Energy">Department of Energy</a> • <a href="/U.S._Department_of_Education" title="U.S. Department of Education">Department of Education</a> • <a href="/U.S._Department_of_Veterans_Affairs" title="U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs">Department of Veterans Affairs</a> • <a href="/U.S._Department_of_Homeland_Security" title="U.S. Department of Homeland Security">Department of Homeland Security</a> </center></small><hr /> </td></tr> <tr> <td><center><b>Department Secretaries</b></center> <small><center><a href="/Lloyd_Austin" title="Lloyd Austin">Lloyd Austin</a> • <a href="/Xavier_Becerra" title="Xavier Becerra">Xavier Becerra</a> • <a href="/Tony_Blinken" title="Tony Blinken">Tony Blinken</a> • <a href="/Pete_Buttigieg" title="Pete Buttigieg">Pete Buttigieg</a> • <a href="/Miguel_Cardona" title="Miguel Cardona">Miguel Cardona</a> • <a href="/Merrick_Garland" title="Merrick Garland">Merrick Garland</a> • <a href="/Jennifer_Granholm" title="Jennifer Granholm">Jennifer Granholm</a> • <a href="/Debra_Haaland" title="Debra Haaland">Debra Haaland</a> • <a href="/Alejandro_Mayorkas" title="Alejandro Mayorkas">Alejandro Mayorkas</a> • <a href="/Denis_McDonough" title="Denis McDonough">Denis McDonough</a> • <a href="/Gina_Raimondo" title="Gina Raimondo">Gina Raimondo</a> • <a href="/Julie_Su" title="Julie Su">Julie Su</a> <i>(Acting)</i> • <a href="/Joe_Biden%27s_Cabinet" title="Joe Biden's Cabinet">Adrienne Todman</a> <i>(Acting)</i> • <a href="/Tom_Vilsack" title="Tom Vilsack">Tom Vilsack</a> • <a href="/Janet_Yellen" title="Janet Yellen">Janet Yellen</a></center></small> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Department of State</b> is a United States executive department formed in 1789 to assist the president in foreign and domestic diplomatic affairs. </p><p><a href="/Tony_Blinken" title="Tony Blinken">Antony Blinken</a> is the current secretary of state. He was <a href="/Confirmation_process_for_Antony_Blinken_for_secretary_of_state" title="Confirmation process for Antony Blinken for secretary of state">confirmed</a> on January 26, 2021, by a vote of 78-22. </p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#History"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">History</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Mission"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Mission</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Leadership"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Leadership</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Organization"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Organization</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#Footnotes"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Footnotes</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="History">History</span></h2> <p>Thomas Jefferson was the first person appointed to the office of secretary of state. He was appointed by President George Washington to the position in 1790. Jefferson and President Washington lobbied Congress for funding to establish overseas consulates and diplomatic missions. As a result, 16 consulates and five diplomatic missions were started outside of the United States by 1792. The missions were established as the official diplomatic representatives of the United States. They sent regular news reports on political and economic developments in their base countries back to the United States and carried out directives sent from the American government. The consulates were established to assist U.S. citizens abroad as well as to resolve commercial issues. Jefferson's staff included six people working in the United States: a chief clerk who wrote all of the office's correspondence, three more clerks, one translator, and one messenger. Overseas diplomats were paid small amounts and often spent their personal fortunes in order to attain higher status in their stationed countries.<sup id="cite_ref-DOShist_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DOShist-1">[1]</a></sup> </p><p>During the early 1800s, purchases made by the Department of State brought significant changes to the geography of the United States. It conducted the Louisiana Purchase and obtained both Florida and land bordering Canada on the 49th parallel west of the Rocky Mountains. President James Monroe and Secretary of State John Quincy Adams established the Monroe Doctrine in 1823, which stated that the United States would use force against nations that attempted to further colonize the Western Hemisphere.<sup id="cite_ref-DOShist_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DOShist-1">[1]</a></sup> </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Mission">Mission</span></h2> <div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/File:State_Department.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/State_Department.jpg/220px-State_Department.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="thumbimage" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/State_Department.jpg/330px-State_Department.jpg 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/State_Department.jpg/440px-State_Department.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1971" data-file-height="1216" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/File:State_Department.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>The United States Department of State building</div></div></div> <p>The official department mission statement is as follows: </p> <table data-nosnippet="" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none;background-color: transparent; auto; ;"> <tbody><tr> <td width="20" valign="top" style="border:none; color:#B2B7F2;font-size:35px;font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding: 10px 3px;">“ </td> <td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 4px 10px;">To protect and promote U.S. security, prosperity, and democratic values and shape an international environment in which all Americans can thrive.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-quotedisclaimer_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-quotedisclaimer-3">[3]</a></sup> </td> <td width="20" valign="bottom" style="border: none; color: #B2B7F2; font-size: 35px; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: right; padding: 10px 1px;">” </td></tr> </tbody></table> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Leadership">Leadership</span></h2> <table class="infobox" style="text-align:center; width:200px;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="background-color: #364DA8; color:white"><big>Administrative State <big> </big></big></th></tr> <tr> <td><div class="center"><div class="floatnone"><a href="/Administrative_state" title="Administrative state"><img alt="Administrative State Icon Gold.png" src="https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/a/a3/Administrative_State_Icon_Gold.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="200" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></div></div><hr /> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Read more about the <a href="/The_Administrative_State_Project" class="mw-redirect" title="The Administrative State Project">administrative state</a> on Ballotpedia. </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><a href="/Tony_Blinken" title="Tony Blinken">Antony Blinken</a> is the secretary of state. </p><p>The secretary of state is the top adviser to the president on foreign policy. The duties of the secretary of state include: </p> <ul><li>Advising the president on diplomatic representatives;</li> <li>Negotiating, interpreting, and terminating treaties and international agreements;</li> <li>Providing information to U.S. citizens and Congress on relations and welfare of foreign countries;</li> <li>Representing the U.S. in international conferences, organizations, and agencies;</li> <li>Administering the Department of State; and</li> <li>Issuing passports to U.S. citizens and foreign diplomatic representatives.</li></ul> <table class="wikitable collapsible" style="background:none; text-align:center; width:65%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="9" style="background-color:#444; color: white;"><b>Recent Secretaries of State</b> </th></tr> <tr> <td><b>Secretary of State</b></td> <td><b>Years in office</b></td> <td><b>Nominated by</b></td> <td><b>Confirmation vote</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Madeleine Albright</td> <td>1997-2001</td> <td><a href="/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a></td> <td>95-0 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Colin Powell</td> <td>2001-2005</td> <td><a href="/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a></td> <td>Unanimous voice vote </td></tr> <tr> <td>Condoleezza Rice</td> <td>2005-2009</td> <td><a href="/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a></td> <td>85-13 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">Hillary Rodham Clinton</a></td> <td>2009-2013</td> <td><a href="/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a></td> <td>94-2 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/John_Kerry" title="John Kerry">John Kerry</a></td> <td>2013-2017</td> <td><a href="/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a></td> <td>94-3 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Rex_Tillerson" title="Rex Tillerson">Rex Tillerson</a></td> <td>2017-2018</td> <td><a href="/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a></td> <td>56-43 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Mike_Pompeo" title="Mike Pompeo">Mike Pompeo</a></td> <td>2018-2021</td> <td><a href="/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a></td> <td>57-42 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Daniel_B._Smith" title="Daniel B. Smith">Daniel Smith</a> (acting)</td> <td>2021-2021</td> <td><a href="/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a></td> <td>N/A </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Tony_Blinken" title="Tony Blinken">Antony Blinken</a></td> <td>2021-Present</td> <td><a href="/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a></td> <td>78-22 </td></tr> </tbody></table> <table class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="background:none; text-align:center; width:65%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="9" style="background-color:#444; color: white;"><b>Historical Secretaries of State</b> </th></tr> <tr> <td><b>Secretary of State</b></td> <td><b>Years in office</b></td> <td><b>Nominated by</b></td> <td><b>Confirmation vote</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Thomas Jefferson</td> <td>1790-1793</td> <td>George Washington</td> <td>N/A </td></tr> <tr> <td>Edmund Randolph</td> <td>1794-1795</td> <td>George Washington</td> <td>N/A </td></tr> <tr> <td>Timothy Pickering</td> <td>1795-1800</td> <td>John Adams</td> <td>N/A </td></tr> <tr> <td>John Marshall</td> <td>1800-1801</td> <td>John Adams</td> <td>N/A </td></tr> <tr> <td>James Madison</td> <td>1801-1809</td> <td>Thomas Jefferson</td> <td>N/A </td></tr> <tr> <td>Robert Smith</td> <td>1809-1811</td> <td>James Madison</td> <td>N/A </td></tr> <tr> <td>James Monroe</td> <td>1811-1817</td> <td>James Madison</td> <td>30-0 </td></tr> <tr> <td>John Quincy Adams</td> <td>1817-1825</td> <td>James Monroe</td> <td>29-1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Henry Clay</td> <td>1825-1829</td> <td>John Quincy Adams</td> <td>27-14 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Martin Van Buren</td> <td>1829-1831</td> <td>Andrew Jackson</td> <td>N/A </td></tr> <tr> <td>Edward Livingston</td> <td>1831-1833</td> <td>Andrew Jackson</td> <td>N/A </td></tr> <tr> <td>Louis McLane</td> <td>1833-1834</td> <td>Andrew Jackson</td> <td>N/A </td></tr> <tr> <td>John Forsyth</td> <td>1834-1841</td> <td>Andrew Jackson</td> <td>N/A </td></tr> <tr> <td>Daniel Webster</td> <td>1841-1843</td> <td>William Harrison</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Abel P. Upshur</td> <td>1843-1844</td> <td>John Tyler</td> <td>N/A </td></tr> <tr> <td>John C. Calhoun</td> <td>1844-1845</td> <td>John Tyler</td> <td>N/A </td></tr> <tr> <td>James Buchanan</td> <td>1845-1849</td> <td>James K. Polk</td> <td>47-53 </td></tr> <tr> <td>John M. Clayton</td> <td>1849-1850</td> <td>Zachary Taylor</td> <td>N/A </td></tr> <tr> <td>Daniel Webster</td> <td>1850-1852</td> <td>Millard Fillmore</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Edward Everett</td> <td>1852-1853</td> <td>Millard Fillmore</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>William L. Marcy</td> <td>1853-1857</td> <td>Franklin Pierce</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Lewis Cass</td> <td>1857-1860</td> <td>James Buchanan</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Jeremiah S. Black</td> <td>1860-1861</td> <td>James Buchanan</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>William H. Seward</td> <td>1861-1869</td> <td>Abraham Lincoln</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Elihu B. Washburne</td> <td>1869</td> <td>Ulysses S. Grant</td> <td>N/A </td></tr> <tr> <td>Hamilton Fish</td> <td>1869-1877</td> <td>Ulysses S. Grant</td> <td>N/A </td></tr> <tr> <td>William M. Evarts</td> <td>1877-1881</td> <td>Rutherford B. Hayes</td> <td>44-2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>James G. Blaine</td> <td>1881</td> <td>James Garfield</td> <td>N/A </td></tr> <tr> <td>Frederick T. Frelinghuysen</td> <td>1881-1885</td> <td>Chester A. Arthur</td> <td>N/A </td></tr> <tr> <td>Thomas F. Bayard Sr.</td> <td>1889-1892</td> <td>Grover Cleveland</td> <td>N/A </td></tr> <tr> <td>James G. Blaine</td> <td>1889-1892</td> <td>Benjamin Harrison</td> <td>N/A </td></tr> <tr> <td>John W. Foster</td> <td>1892-1893</td> <td>Benjamin Harrison</td> <td>N/A </td></tr> <tr> <td>Walter Q. Gresham</td> <td>1893-1895</td> <td>Grover Cleveland</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Richard Olney</td> <td>1895-1897</td> <td>Grover Cleveland</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>John Sherman</td> <td>1897-1898</td> <td>William McKinley</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>William R. Day</td> <td>1898</td> <td>William McKinley</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>John Hay</td> <td>1898-1905</td> <td>William McKinley</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Elihu Root</td> <td>1905-1909</td> <td>Theodore Roosevelt</td> <td>N/A </td></tr> <tr> <td>Robert Bacon</td> <td>1909</td> <td>Theodore Roosevelt</td> <td>N/A </td></tr> <tr> <td>Philander C. Knox</td> <td>1909-1913</td> <td>William Howard Taft</td> <td>N/A </td></tr> <tr> <td>William Jennings Bryan</td> <td>1913-1915</td> <td>Woodrow Wilson</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Robert Lansing</td> <td>1915-1920</td> <td>Woodrow Wilson</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Bainbridge Colby</td> <td>1920-1921</td> <td>Woodrow Wilson</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Charles Evans Hughes</td> <td>1921-1925</td> <td>Warren G. Harding</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Frank B. Kellogg</td> <td>1925-1929</td> <td>Calvin Coolidge</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Henry L. Stimson</td> <td>1929-1933</td> <td>Herbert Hoover</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Cordell Hull</td> <td>1933-1944</td> <td>Franklin D. Roosevelt</td> <td>N/A </td></tr> <tr> <td>Edward Stettinius Jr.</td> <td>1944-1945</td> <td>Franklin D. Roosevelt</td> <td>68-1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>James F. Byrnes</td> <td>1945-1947</td> <td>Harry Truman</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>George Marshall</td> <td>1947-1949</td> <td>Harry Truman</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Dean Acheson</td> <td>1949-1953</td> <td>Harry Truman</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>John Foster Dulles</td> <td>1953-1959</td> <td>Dwight Eisenhower</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Christian Herter</td> <td>1959-1961</td> <td>Dwight Eisenhower</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Dean Rusk</td> <td>1961-1969</td> <td>John F. Kennedy</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>William P. Rogers</td> <td>1969-1973</td> <td>Richard Nixon</td> <td>N/A </td></tr> <tr> <td>Henry Kissinger</td> <td>1973-1977</td> <td>Richard Nixon</td> <td>78-7 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Cyrus Vance</td> <td>1977-1980</td> <td>Jimmy Carter</td> <td>N/A </td></tr> <tr> <td>Edmund Muskie</td> <td>1980-1981</td> <td>Jimmy Carter</td> <td>94-2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Alexander Haig</td> <td>1981-1982</td> <td>Ronald Reagan</td> <td>93-6 </td></tr> <tr> <td>George P. Shultz</td> <td>1982-1989</td> <td>Ronald Reagan</td> <td>97-0 </td></tr> <tr> <td>James Baker</td> <td>1989-1992</td> <td>George H.W. Bush</td> <td>100-0 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Lawrence Eagleburger</td> <td>1992-1993</td> <td>George H.W. Bush</td> <td>Recess appointment </td></tr> <tr> <td>Warren Christopher</td> <td>1993-1997</td> <td><a href="/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a></td> <td>N/A </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><i>Note: Votes marked "N/A" represent voice votes or unrecorded votes. Missing votes will be filled as they are researched.</i> </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Organization">Organization</span></h2> <p><iframe class="pdf-embed" width="500" height="500" src="https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/8/80/DOS_Organization_Chart_2023.pdf#page=1" style="max-width: 100%;"></iframe> </p> <div id="div-gpt-ad-1548351761485-0"><script>googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display("div-gpt-ad-1548351761485-0"); });</script></div><h2><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span></h2> <ul><li><a href="/Mike_Pompeo" title="Mike Pompeo">Mike Pompeo</a></li></ul> <table> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top"> <ul><li><a href="/Executive_Branch" title="Executive Branch">Executive Branch portal</a></li> <li><a href="/U.S._Department_of_Defense" title="U.S. Department of Defense">U.S. Department of Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/U.S._Department_of_Homeland_Security" title="U.S. Department of Homeland Security">U.S. Department of Homeland Security</a></li> <li><a href="/U.S._Department_of_Justice" title="U.S. Department of Justice">U.S. Department of Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/U.S._Department_of_Commerce" title="U.S. Department of Commerce">U.S. Department of Commerce</a></li> <li><a href="/U.S._Department_of_Labor" title="U.S. Department of Labor">U.S. Department of Labor</a></li> <li><a href="/U.S._Department_of_Energy" title="U.S. Department of Energy">U.S. Department of Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/U.S._Department_of_Agriculture" title="U.S. Department of Agriculture">U.S. Department of Agriculture</a></li></ul> </td> <td valign="top"> <ul><li><a href="/U.S._Department_of_the_Treasury" title="U.S. Department of the Treasury">U.S. Department of the Treasury</a></li> <li><a href="/U.S._Department_of_Education" title="U.S. Department of Education">U.S. Department of Education</a></li> <li><a href="/U.S._Department_of_Transportation" title="U.S. Department of Transportation">U.S. Department of Transportation</a></li> <li><a href="/U.S._Department_of_the_Interior" title="U.S. Department of the Interior">U.S. Department of the Interior</a></li> <li><a href="/U.S._Department_of_Health_and_Human_Services" title="U.S. Department of Health and Human Services">U.S. Department of Health and Human Services</a></li> <li><a href="/U.S._Department_of_Veterans_Affairs" title="U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs">U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/U.S._Department_of_Housing_and_Urban_Development" title="U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development">U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span></h2> <ul><li><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://www.state.gov/">Department of State website</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://www.facebook.com/usdos">Department of State on Facebook</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://twitter.com/StateDept">Department of State on Twitter</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://www.youtube.com/user/statevideo">Department of State Youtube channel</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=U.S.+Department+of+State">Search Google News for this topic</a></li></ul> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Footnotes">Footnotes</span></h2> <p> <script type="text/javascript"> if(document.getElementsByClassName("reference").length==0) if(document.getElementById('Footnotes')!==null) document.getElementById('Footnotes').parentNode.style.display = 'none'; </script> </p> <div class="references-small"><div class="mobile-columns"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-DOShist-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-DOShist_1-0">1.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-DOShist_1-1">1.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://history.state.gov/departmenthistory/short-history"><i>U.S. Department of State</i>, "A Short History of the Department of State," accessed July 8, 2013</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.state.gov/about/"><i>U.S. Department of State</i>, "About the U.S. Department of State," accessed February 26, 2024</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-quotedisclaimer-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-quotedisclaimer_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Note: This text is quoted verbatim from the original source. Any inconsistencies are attributable to the original source.</i></span> </li> </ol></div></div></div> <table class="navbox" cellspacing="0" style=";"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px;"><table cellspacing="0" class="collapsible autocollapse" style="width:100%;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"><tbody><tr><th style=";background:#bbccee;" colspan="3" class="navbox-title"><div style="float:left; width:6em;text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinksneverexpand" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; white-space:nowrap; font-weight:normal; font-size:xx-small; ;background:#bbccee;;border:none;;"><a href="/Template:Executive_branch" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Executive branch"><span title="View this template" style=";background:#bbccee;;border:none;;">v</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://ballotpedia.org/wiki/index.php?title=Template:Executive_branch&action=edit"><span style="color:#002bb8;;background:#bbccee;;border:none;;" title="You can edit this template. Please use the preview button before saving.">e</span></a></div></div><span style="font-size:110%;"><big><a href="/Executive_Branch" title="Executive Branch">U.S. Executive Branch</a></big></span></th></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";background:#bbccee;;">Elected offices</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">President <a href="/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> • Vice President <a href="/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris">Kamala Harris</a> <hr /></div></td><td style="width:1%;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px;padding-left:0.5em;" rowspan="9"><a href="/Executive_Branch" title="Executive Branch"><img alt="Executive-Branch-Logo.png" src="https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/thumb/0/0a/Executive-Branch-Logo.png/200px-Executive-Branch-Logo.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="200" srcset="https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/thumb/0/0a/Executive-Branch-Logo.png/300px-Executive-Branch-Logo.png 1.5x, https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/thumb/0/0a/Executive-Branch-Logo.png/400px-Executive-Branch-Logo.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="900" /></a></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";background:#bbccee;;">Executive departments</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/U.S._Department_of_Defense" title="U.S. Department of Defense">Department of Defense</a> • <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Department of State</a> • <a href="/U.S._Department_of_Homeland_Security" title="U.S. Department of Homeland Security">Department of Homeland Security</a> • <a href="/U.S._Department_of_Justice" title="U.S. Department of Justice">Department of Justice</a> • <a href="/U.S._Department_of_Commerce" title="U.S. Department of Commerce">Department of Commerce</a> • <a href="/U.S._Department_of_Education" title="U.S. Department of Education">Department of Education</a> • <a href="/U.S._Department_of_the_Treasury" title="U.S. Department of the Treasury">Department of the Treasury</a> • <a href="/U.S._Department_of_Agriculture" title="U.S. Department of Agriculture">Department of Agriculture</a> • <a href="/U.S._Department_of_Energy" title="U.S. Department of Energy">Department of Energy</a> • <a href="/U.S._Department_of_Labor" title="U.S. Department of Labor">Department of Labor</a> • <a href="/U.S._Department_of_Transportation" title="U.S. Department of Transportation">Department of Transportation</a> • <a href="/U.S._Department_of_the_Interior" title="U.S. Department of the Interior">Department of the Interior</a> • <a href="/U.S._Department_of_Health_and_Human_Services" title="U.S. Department of Health and Human Services">Department of Health and Human Services</a> • <a href="/U.S._Department_of_Veterans_Affairs" title="U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs">Department of Veterans Affairs</a> • <a href="/U.S._Department_of_Housing_and_Urban_Development" title="U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development">Department of Housing and Urban Development</a> <hr /></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";background:#bbccee;;">Cabinet-level offices</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; 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line-height:1.4em;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/Appointment_confirmation_process" title="Appointment confirmation process">Appointment confirmation process</a> • <a href="/United_States_Constitution" title="United States Constitution">United States Constitution</a> • <a href="/Electoral_College" title="Electoral College">Electoral College</a> • <a href="/Deferred_action" title="Deferred action">Deferred action</a> • <a href="/Deferred_Action_for_Childhood_Arrivals_(DACA)" title="Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA)">Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA)</a> • <a href="/Deferred_Action_for_Parents_of_U.S._Citizens_and_Lawful_Permanent_Residents_(DAPA)" title="Deferred Action for Parents of U.S. Citizens and Lawful Permanent Residents (DAPA)">Deferred Action for Parents of U.S. Citizens and Lawful Permanent Residents (DAPA)</a> • <a href="/Impeachment_of_federal_officials" title="Impeachment of federal officials">Impeachment of federal officials</a> • <a href="/Investor-State_Dispute_Settlement_(ISDS)" title="Investor-State Dispute Settlement (ISDS)">Investor-State Dispute Settlement (ISDS)</a> • <a href="/North_American_Free_Trade_Agreement_(NAFTA)" class="mw-redirect" title="North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)">North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)</a> • <a href="/P5%2B1_and_E3%2B3" title="P5+1 and E3+3">P5+1 and E3+3</a> • <a href="/Trade_adjustment_assistance_(TAA)" title="Trade adjustment assistance (TAA)">Trade adjustment assistance (TAA)</a> • <a href="/Trade_promotion_authority_(TPA)" title="Trade promotion authority (TPA)">Trade promotion authority (TPA)</a><hr /></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="navbox" cellspacing="0" style=";"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px;"><table cellspacing="0" class="collapsible autocollapse" style="width:100%;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"><tbody><tr><th style=";background:#bbccee;" colspan="3" class="navbox-title"><div style="float:left; width:6em;text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinksneverexpand" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; white-space:nowrap; font-weight:normal; font-size:xx-small; ;background:#bbccee;;border:none;;"><a href="/Template:TASP_hnt" title="Template:TASP hnt"><span title="View this template" style=";background:#bbccee;;border:none;;">v</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://ballotpedia.org/wiki/index.php?title=Template:TASP_hnt&action=edit"><span style="color:#002bb8;;background:#bbccee;;border:none;;" title="You can edit this template. Please use the preview button before saving.">e</span></a></div></div><span style="font-size:110%;"><big><a href="/The_Administrative_State_Project" class="mw-redirect" title="The Administrative State Project">The Administrative State</a></big></span></th></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";background:#bbccee;;"><b>Main</b></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/The_Administrative_State_Project" class="mw-redirect" title="The Administrative State Project">The Administrative State Project main page</a> • <a href="/Administrative_State_Project_Index" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative State Project Index">Administrative State Project Index</a> • <a href="/Glossary_of_administrative_state_terms" title="Glossary of administrative state terms">Glossary of administrative state terms</a> • <a href="/Quotes_about_the_administrative_state" title="Quotes about the administrative state">Quotes about the administrative state</a> • <a href="/Administrative_state" title="Administrative state">Administrative state</a> • <a href="/Rulemaking" title="Rulemaking">Rulemaking</a> • <a href="/Deference" class="mw-redirect" title="Deference">Deference</a> • <a href="/Adjudication" class="mw-redirect" title="Adjudication">Adjudication</a> • <a href="/Nondelegation_doctrine" title="Nondelegation doctrine">Nondelegation doctrine</a> • <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://legislation.ballotpedia.org/admin-state/home">Ballotpedia's administrative state legislation tracker</a></div></td><td style="width:1%;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px;padding-left:0.5em;" rowspan="13"><a href="/The_Administrative_State_Project" title="The Administrative State Project"><img alt="The Administrative State Project Badge.png" src="https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/thumb/4/4d/The_Administrative_State_Project_Badge.png/150px-The_Administrative_State_Project_Badge.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" srcset="https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/thumb/4/4d/The_Administrative_State_Project_Badge.png/225px-The_Administrative_State_Project_Badge.png 1.5x, https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/thumb/4/4d/The_Administrative_State_Project_Badge.png/300px-The_Administrative_State_Project_Badge.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";background:#bbccee;;"><b>Reporting</b></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; 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line-height:1.4em;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><i><a href="/Abbott_Laboratories_v._Gardner" title="Abbott Laboratories v. Gardner">Abbott Laboratories v. Gardner</a></i> • <i><a href="/A.L.A._Schechter_Poultry_Corp._v._United_States" title="A.L.A. Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States">A.L.A. Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States</a></i> • <i><a href="/Association_of_Data_Processing_Service_Organizations_v._Camp" title="Association of Data Processing Service Organizations v. Camp">Association of Data Processing Service Organizations v. Camp</a></i> • <i><a href="/Auer_v._Robbins" title="Auer v. Robbins">Auer v. Robbins</a></i> • <i><a href="/Chevron_v._Natural_Resources_Defense_Council" title="Chevron v. Natural Resources Defense Council">Chevron v. Natural Resources Defense Council</a></i> • <i><a href="/Citizens_to_Preserve_Overton_Park_v._Volpe" title="Citizens to Preserve Overton Park v. Volpe">Citizens to Preserve Overton Park v. Volpe</a></i> • <i><a href="/Federal_Trade_Commission_(FTC)_v._Standard_Oil_Company_of_California" title="Federal Trade Commission (FTC) v. Standard Oil Company of California">Federal Trade Commission (FTC) v. Standard Oil Company of California</a></i> • <i><a href="/Field_v._Clark" title="Field v. Clark">Field v. Clark</a></i> • <i><a href="/Food_and_Drug_Administration_v._Brown_and_Williamson_Tobacco_Corporation" title="Food and Drug Administration v. Brown and Williamson Tobacco Corporation">Food and Drug Administration v. Brown and Williamson Tobacco Corporation</a></i> • <i><a href="/Humphrey%27s_Executor_v._United_States" title="Humphrey's Executor v. United States">Humphrey's Executor v. United States</a></i> • <i><a href="/Immigration_and_Naturalization_Service_(INS)_v._Chadha" title="Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) v. Chadha">Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) v. Chadha</a></i> • <i><a href="/J.W._Hampton_Jr._%26_Company_v._United_States" title="J.W. Hampton Jr. & Company v. United States">J.W. Hampton Jr. & Company v. United States</a></i> • <i><a href="/Lucia_v._SEC" title="Lucia v. SEC">Lucia v. SEC</a></i> • <i><a href="/Marshall_v._Barlow%27s" title="Marshall v. Barlow's">Marshall v. Barlow's</a></i> • <i><a href="/Massachusetts_v._Environmental_Protection_Agency" title="Massachusetts v. Environmental Protection Agency">Massachusetts v. Environmental Protection Agency</a></i> • <i><a href="/Mistretta_v._United_States" title="Mistretta v. United States">Mistretta v. United States</a></i> • <i><a href="/National_Federation_of_Independent_Business_(NFIB)_v._Sebelius" title="National Federation of Independent Business (NFIB) v. Sebelius">National Federation of Independent Business (NFIB) v. Sebelius</a></i> • <i><a href="/National_Labor_Relations_Board_v._Noel_Canning_Company" title="National Labor Relations Board v. Noel Canning Company">National Labor Relations Board v. Noel Canning Company</a></i> • <i><a href="/National_Labor_Relations_Board_v._Sears,_Roebuck_%26_Co." title="National Labor Relations Board v. Sears, Roebuck & Co.">National Labor Relations Board v. Sears, Roebuck & Co.</a></i> • <i><a href="/Panama_Refining_Co._v._Ryan" title="Panama Refining Co. v. Ryan">Panama Refining Co. v. Ryan</a></i> • <i><a href="/Securities_and_Exchange_Commission_v._Chenery_Corporation" title="Securities and Exchange Commission v. Chenery Corporation">Securities and Exchange Commission v. Chenery Corporation</a></i> • <i><a href="/Skidmore_v._Swift_%26_Co." title="Skidmore v. Swift & Co.">Skidmore v. Swift & Co.</a></i> • <i><a href="/United_States_v._Lopez" title="United States v. Lopez">United States v. Lopez</a></i> • <i><a href="/United_States_v._Western_Pacific_Railroad_Co." title="United States v. Western Pacific Railroad Co.">United States v. Western Pacific Railroad Co.</a></i> • <i><a href="/Universal_Camera_Corporation_v._National_Labor_Relations_Board" title="Universal Camera Corporation v. National Labor Relations Board">Universal Camera Corporation v. National Labor Relations Board</a></i> • <i><a href="/Vermont_Yankee_Nuclear_Power_Corp._v._Natural_Resources_Defense_Council" title="Vermont Yankee Nuclear Power Corp. v. Natural Resources Defense Council">Vermont Yankee Nuclear Power Corp. v. Natural Resources Defense Council</a></i> • <i><a href="/Wayman_v._Southard" title="Wayman v. Southard">Wayman v. Southard</a></i> • <i><a href="/Weyerhaeuser_Company_v._United_States_Fish_and_Wildlife_Service" title="Weyerhaeuser Company v. United States Fish and Wildlife Service">Weyerhaeuser Company v. United States Fish and Wildlife Service</a></i> • <i><a href="/Whitman_v._American_Trucking_Associations" title="Whitman v. American Trucking Associations">Whitman v. American Trucking Associations</a></i> • <i><a href="/Wickard_v._Filburn" title="Wickard v. Filburn">Wickard v. Filburn</a></i> • <i><a href="/Wiener_v._United_States" title="Wiener v. United States">Wiener v. United States</a></i></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";background:#bbccee;;"><b>Terms</b></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/Adjudication_(administrative_state)" title="Adjudication (administrative state)">Adjudication (administrative state)</a> • <a href="/Administrative_judge" title="Administrative judge">Administrative judge</a> • <a href="/Administrative_law" title="Administrative law">Administrative law</a> • <a href="/Administrative_law_judge" title="Administrative law judge">Administrative law judge</a> • <a href="/Administrative_state" title="Administrative state">Administrative state</a> • <a href="/Arbitrary-or-capricious_test" title="Arbitrary-or-capricious test">Arbitrary-or-capricious test</a> • <a href="/Auer_deference" title="Auer deference">Auer deference</a> • <a href="/Barrier_to_entry" title="Barrier to entry">Barrier to entry</a> • <a href="/Bootleggers_and_Baptists" title="Bootleggers and Baptists">Bootleggers and Baptists</a> • <a href="/Chevron_deference_(doctrine)" title="Chevron deference (doctrine)">Chevron deference (doctrine)</a> • <a href="/Civil_servant" title="Civil servant">Civil servant</a> • <a href="/Civil_service" title="Civil service">Civil service</a> • <a href="/Code_of_Federal_Regulations" title="Code of Federal Regulations">Code of Federal Regulations</a> • <a href="/Codify_(administrative_state)" title="Codify (administrative state)">Codify (administrative state)</a> • <a href="/Comment_period" title="Comment period">Comment period</a> • <a href="/Compliance_costs" title="Compliance costs">Compliance costs</a> • <a href="/Congressional_Record" title="Congressional Record">Congressional Record</a> • <a href="/Coordination_(administrative_state)" title="Coordination (administrative state)">Coordination (administrative state)</a> • <a href="/Deference_(administrative_state)" title="Deference (administrative state)">Deference (administrative state)</a> • <a href="/Direct_and_indirect_costs_(administrative_state)" title="Direct and indirect costs (administrative state)">Direct and indirect costs (administrative state)</a> • <a href="/Enabling_statute" title="Enabling statute">Enabling statute</a> • <a href="/Ex_parte_communication_(administrative_state)" title="Ex parte communication (administrative state)">Ex parte communication (administrative state)</a> • <a href="/Executive_agency" title="Executive agency">Executive agency</a> • <a href="/Federal_law" title="Federal law">Federal law</a> • <a href="/Federal_Register" title="Federal Register">Federal Register</a> • <a href="/Federalism" title="Federalism">Federalism</a> • <a href="/Final_rule" title="Final rule">Final rule</a> • <a href="/Formal_rulemaking" title="Formal rulemaking">Formal rulemaking</a> • <a href="/Formalism_(law)" title="Formalism (law)">Formalism (law)</a> • <a href="/Functionalism_(law)" title="Functionalism (law)">Functionalism (law)</a> • <a href="/Guidance_(administrative_state)" title="Guidance (administrative state)">Guidance (administrative state)</a> • <a href="/Hybrid_rulemaking" title="Hybrid rulemaking">Hybrid rulemaking</a> • <a href="/Incorporation_by_reference" title="Incorporation by reference">Incorporation by reference</a> • <a href="/Independent_federal_agency" title="Independent federal agency">Independent federal agency</a> • <a href="/Informal_rulemaking" title="Informal rulemaking">Informal rulemaking</a> • <a href="/Joint_resolution_of_disapproval_(administrative_state)" title="Joint resolution of disapproval (administrative state)">Joint resolution of disapproval (administrative state)</a> • <a href="/Major_rule" title="Major rule">Major rule</a> • <a href="/Negotiated_rulemaking" title="Negotiated rulemaking">Negotiated rulemaking</a> • <a href="/Nondelegation_doctrine" title="Nondelegation doctrine">Nondelegation doctrine</a> • <a href="/OIRA_prompt_letter" title="OIRA prompt letter">OIRA prompt letter</a> • <a href="/Organic_statute" title="Organic statute">Organic statute</a> • <a href="/Pragmatism_(law)" title="Pragmatism (law)">Pragmatism (law)</a> • <a href="/Precautionary_principle" title="Precautionary principle">Precautionary principle</a> • <a href="/Promulgate" title="Promulgate">Promulgate</a> • <a href="/Proposed_rule" title="Proposed rule">Proposed rule</a> • <a href="/Publication_rulemaking" title="Publication rulemaking">Publication rulemaking</a> • <a href="/Regulatory_budget" title="Regulatory budget">Regulatory budget</a> • <a href="/Regulatory_capture" title="Regulatory capture">Regulatory capture</a> • <a href="/Regulatory_dark_matter" title="Regulatory dark matter">Regulatory dark matter</a> • <a href="/Regulatory_impact_analysis" title="Regulatory impact analysis">Regulatory impact analysis</a> • <a href="/Regulatory_policy_officer" title="Regulatory policy officer">Regulatory policy officer</a> • <a href="/Regulatory_reform_officer" title="Regulatory reform officer">Regulatory reform officer</a> • <a href="/Regulatory_review" title="Regulatory review">Regulatory review</a> • <a href="/Rent_seeking" title="Rent seeking">Rent seeking</a> • <a href="/Retrospective_regulatory_review" title="Retrospective regulatory review">Retrospective regulatory review</a> • <a href="/Risk_assessment_(administrative_state)" title="Risk assessment (administrative state)">Risk assessment (administrative state)</a> • <a href="/Rulemaking" title="Rulemaking">Rulemaking</a> • <a href="/Separation_of_powers" title="Separation of powers">Separation of powers</a> • <a href="/Significant_regulatory_action" title="Significant regulatory action">Significant regulatory action</a> • <a href="/Skidmore_deference" title="Skidmore deference">Skidmore deference</a> • <a href="/Statutory_authority" title="Statutory authority">Statutory authority</a> • <a href="/Substantive_law_and_procedural_law" title="Substantive law and procedural law">Substantive law and procedural law</a> • <a href="/Sue_and_settle" title="Sue and settle">Sue and settle</a> • <a href="/Sunset_provision" title="Sunset provision">Sunset provision</a> • <a href="/Unified_Agenda_of_Federal_Regulatory_and_Deregulatory_Actions" title="Unified Agenda of Federal Regulatory and Deregulatory Actions">Unified Agenda of Federal Regulatory and Deregulatory Actions</a> • <a href="/United_States_Code" title="United States Code">United States Code</a> • <a href="/United_States_Statutes_at_Large" title="United States Statutes at Large">United States Statutes at Large</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";background:#bbccee;;"><b>Bibliography</b></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><small> <ul><li><a href="/%22Administrative_Law_-_The_20th_Century_Bequeaths_an_%27Illegitimate_Exotic%27_in_Full_and_Terrifying_Flower%22_by_Stephen_P._Dresch_(2000)" title=""Administrative Law - The 20th Century Bequeaths an 'Illegitimate Exotic' in Full and Terrifying Flower" by Stephen P. Dresch (2000)">"Administrative Law - The 20th Century Bequeaths an 'Illegitimate Exotic' in Full and Terrifying Flower" by Stephen P. Dresch (2000)</a></li> <li><a href="/%22Confronting_the_Administrative_Threat%22_by_Philip_Hamburger_and_Tony_Mills_(2017)" title=""Confronting the Administrative Threat" by Philip Hamburger and Tony Mills (2017)">"Confronting the Administrative Threat" by Philip Hamburger and Tony Mills (2017)</a></li> <li><a href="/%22Constitutionalism_after_the_New_Deal%22_by_Cass_R._Sunstein_(1987)" title=""Constitutionalism after the New Deal" by Cass R. Sunstein (1987)">"Constitutionalism after the New Deal" by Cass R. Sunstein (1987)</a></li> <li><a href="/Federalist_No._23_by_Alexander_Hamilton_(1787)" title="Federalist No. 23 by Alexander Hamilton (1787)">Federalist No. 23 by Alexander Hamilton (1787)</a></li> <li><a href="/%22From_Administrative_State_to_Constitutional_Government%22_by_Joseph_Postell_(2012)" title=""From Administrative State to Constitutional Government" by Joseph Postell (2012)">"From Administrative State to Constitutional Government" by Joseph Postell (2012)</a></li> <li><a href="/%22Interring_the_Nondelegation_Doctrine%22_by_Eric_A._Posner_and_Adrian_Vermeule_(2002)" title=""Interring the Nondelegation Doctrine" by Eric A. Posner and Adrian Vermeule (2002)">"Interring the Nondelegation Doctrine" by Eric A. Posner and Adrian Vermeule (2002)</a></li> <li><a href="/%22Rulemaking_as_Legislating%22_by_Kathryn_Watts_(2015)" title=""Rulemaking as Legislating" by Kathryn Watts (2015)">"Rulemaking as Legislating" by Kathryn Watts (2015)</a></li> <li><a href="/%22The_Checks_%26_Balances_of_the_Regulatory_State%22_by_Paul_R._Verkuil_(2016)" title=""The Checks & Balances of the Regulatory State" by Paul R. Verkuil (2016)">"The Checks & Balances of the Regulatory State" by Paul R. Verkuil (2016)</a></li> <li><a href="/%22The_Myth_of_the_Nondelegation_Doctrine%22_by_Keith_E._Whittington_and_Jason_Iuliano_(2017)" title=""The Myth of the Nondelegation Doctrine" by Keith E. Whittington and Jason Iuliano (2017)">"The Myth of the Nondelegation Doctrine" by Keith E. Whittington and Jason Iuliano (2017)</a></li> <li><a href="/%22The_Progressive_Origins_of_the_Administrative_State:_Wilson,_Goodnow,_and_Landis%22_by_Ronald_J._Pestritto_(2007)" title=""The Progressive Origins of the Administrative State: Wilson, Goodnow, and Landis" by Ronald J. Pestritto (2007)">"The Progressive Origins of the Administrative State: Wilson, Goodnow, and Landis" by Ronald J. Pestritto (2007)</a></li> <li><a href="/%22The_Rise_and_Rise_of_the_Administrative_State%22_by_Gary_Lawson_(1994)" title=""The Rise and Rise of the Administrative State" by Gary Lawson (1994)">"The Rise and Rise of the Administrative State" by Gary Lawson (1994)</a></li> <li><a href="/%22The_Study_of_Administration%22_by_Woodrow_Wilson_(1887)" title=""The Study of Administration" by Woodrow Wilson (1887)">"The Study of Administration" by Woodrow Wilson (1887)</a></li> <li><a href="/%22The_Threat_to_Liberty%22_by_Steven_F._Hayward_(2017)" title=""The Threat to Liberty" by Steven F. Hayward (2017)">"The Threat to Liberty" by Steven F. Hayward (2017)</a></li> <li><a href="/%22Why_the_Modern_Administrative_State_Is_Inconsistent_with_the_Rule_of_Law%22_by_Richard_A._Epstein_(2008)" title=""Why the Modern Administrative State Is Inconsistent with the Rule of Law" by Richard A. Epstein (2008)">"Why the Modern Administrative State Is Inconsistent with the Rule of Law" by Richard A. Epstein (2008)</a></li></ul> </small></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";background:#bbccee;;"><b>Agencies</b></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/Administrative_Conference_of_the_United_States" title="Administrative Conference of the United States">Administrative Conference of the United States</a> • <a href="/United_States_Civil_Service_Commission" title="United States Civil Service Commission">United States Civil Service Commission</a> • <a href="/U.S._Government_Accountability_Office" title="U.S. Government Accountability Office">U.S. Government Accountability Office</a> • <a href="/U.S._Office_of_Information_and_Regulatory_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs">U.S. Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs</a> • <a href="/U.S._Office_of_Management_and_Budget" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Office of Management and Budget">U.S. Office of Management and Budget</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="navbox" cellspacing="0" style=";"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px;"><table cellspacing="0" class="collapsible autocollapse" style="width:100%;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"><tbody><tr><th style=";background:#0744ac; color: white;" colspan="2" class="navbox-title"><div style="float:left; width:6em;text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinksneverexpand" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; white-space:nowrap; font-weight:normal; font-size:xx-small; ;background:#0744ac; color: white;;border:none;;"><a href="/Template:Ballotpedia" title="Template:Ballotpedia"><span title="View this template" style=";background:#0744ac; color: white;;border:none;;">v</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://ballotpedia.org/wiki/index.php?title=Template:Ballotpedia&action=edit"><span style="color:#002bb8;;background:#0744ac; color: white;;border:none;;" title="You can edit this template. Please use the preview button before saving.">e</span></a></div></div><span style="font-size:110%;">Ballotpedia</span></th></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";background:#f0a237; color: white;;"><span style="color:#0b47a8"><b><a href="/Ballotpedia:About" title="Ballotpedia:About">About</a></b></span></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/Ballotpedia:Overview_and_contact_information" class="mw-redirect" title="Ballotpedia:Overview and contact information">Overview</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:What_people_are_saying" title="Ballotpedia:What people are saying">What people are saying</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Donate" title="Ballotpedia:Donate">Support Ballotpedia</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Overview_and_contact_information" class="mw-redirect" title="Ballotpedia:Overview and contact information">Contact</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Ways_you_can_help" class="mw-redirect" title="Ballotpedia:Ways you can help">Contribute</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Job_opportunities" title="Ballotpedia:Job opportunities">Job opportunities</a><hr /></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";background:#f0a237; color: white;;"><span style="color:#0b47a8"></span></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><b>Executive:</b> <a href="/Ballotpedia:Leslie_Graves" title="Ballotpedia:Leslie Graves">Leslie Graves, President</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Gwen_Beattie" title="Ballotpedia:Gwen Beattie">Gwen Beattie, Chief Operating Officer</a><br /> <p><b>Communications:</b> <a href="/Ballotpedia:Alison_Graves" title="Ballotpedia:Alison Graves">Alison Graves</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Carley_Allensworth" title="Ballotpedia:Carley Allensworth">Carley Allensworth</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Abigail_Campbell" title="Ballotpedia:Abigail Campbell">Abigail Campbell</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Sarah_Groat" title="Ballotpedia:Sarah Groat">Sarah Groat</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Nathaniel_Harwood" title="Ballotpedia:Nathaniel Harwood">Nathaniel Harwood</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Dillon_Redmond" title="Ballotpedia:Dillon Redmond">Dillon Redmond</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Erica_Shumaker" title="Ballotpedia:Erica Shumaker">Erica Shumaker</a><br /> <b>External Relations:</b> <a href="/Ballotpedia:Andrew_Heath" title="Ballotpedia:Andrew Heath">Andrew Heath</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Hannah_Nelson" title="Ballotpedia:Hannah Nelson">Hannah Nelson</a><br /> <b>Operations:</b> <a href="/Ballotpedia:Meghann_Olshefski" title="Ballotpedia:Meghann Olshefski">Meghann Olshefski</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Amanda_Herbert" title="Ballotpedia:Amanda Herbert">Amanda Herbert</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Mandy_Morris" title="Ballotpedia:Mandy Morris">Mandy Morris</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Caroline_Presnell" title="Ballotpedia:Caroline Presnell">Caroline Presnell</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Kelly_Rindfleisch" title="Ballotpedia:Kelly Rindfleisch">Kelly Rindfleisch</a><br /> <b>Policy:</b> <a href="/Ballotpedia:Jimmy_McAllister" title="Ballotpedia:Jimmy McAllister">Jimmy McAllister</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Molly_Byrne" title="Ballotpedia:Molly Byrne">Molly Byrne</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Jon_Dunn" title="Ballotpedia:Jon Dunn">Jon Dunn</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Annelise_Reinwald" title="Ballotpedia:Annelise Reinwald">Annelise Reinwald</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Emma_Soukup" title="Ballotpedia:Emma Soukup">Emma Soukup</a><br /> <b>Content Strategy:</b> <a href="/Ballotpedia:Josh_Altic" title="Ballotpedia:Josh Altic">Josh Altic</a> <br /> <b>Tech:</b> <a href="/Ballotpedia:Matt_Latourelle" title="Ballotpedia:Matt Latourelle">Matt Latourelle</a> • <a 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