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element. </audio> <button class="pure-button p_button" style=" display: inline;" type="button" onclick="audf_play_pause()"> 🔊  </button> <script> function audf_play_pause() { var myAudiof = document.getElementById("myAudio_f"); if (myAudiof.paused) { myAudiof.play(); } else { myAudiof.pause(); }} </script></span> </div> </div> </div> <div id="main">  <div class="pure-u-1 pure-u-sm-1-1"> <div class="pure-menu pure-menu-horizontal pure-menu-scrollable"> <a href="#" class="pure-menu-link pure-menu-heading">▸▸</a> <ul class="pure-menu-list"> <li class="pure-menu-item">🇬🇧 Aluminium</li> <li class="pure-menu-item">🇺🇦 Алюміній</li> <li class="pure-menu-item">🇨🇳 鋁</li> <li class="pure-menu-item">🇳🇱 Aluminium</li> <li class="pure-menu-item">🇫🇷 Aluminium</li> <li class="pure-menu-item">🇩🇪 Aluminium</li> <li class="pure-menu-item">🇮🇱 אלומיניום</li> <li class="pure-menu-item">🇮🇹 Alluminio</li> <li class="pure-menu-item">🇯🇵 アルミニウム</li> <li class="pure-menu-item">🇵🇹 Alumínio</li> <li 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href="../aluminium/physics.html">Physical properties</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../aluminium/atoms.html">Electron shell data</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../aluminium/atom_sizes.html">Atom sizes</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../aluminium/electronegativity.html">Electronegativity</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../aluminium/isotopes.html" >Isotopes and NMR</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../aluminium/crystal_structure.html">Crystal structure</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../aluminium/thermochemistry.html">Thermochemistry</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../aluminium/history.html">History</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../aluminium/uses.html">Uses</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../aluminium/geology.html">Geology</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../aluminium/biology.html">Biology</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../aluminium/compounds.html">Binary compounds</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../aluminium/compound_properties.html" >Compound properties</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../aluminium/chemistry.html">Element reactions</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../aluminium/contents.html">List all Al properties</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <h2 class="p">Reaction of aluminium with air</h2> <p class="p_first">Aluminium is a silvery white metal. The surface of aluminium metal is covered with a thin layer of oxide that helps protect the metal from attack by air. So, normally, aulumium metal does not react with air. If the oxide layer is damaged, the aluminium metal is exposed to attack. Aluminium will burn in oxygen with a brilliant white flame to form the trioxide alumnium(III) oxide, Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>.</p> <p class="equation">4Al(s) + 3O<sub>2</sub>(l) → 2Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>(s)</p> <h2 class="p">Reaction of aluminium with water</h2> <p class="p_first">Aluminium is a silvery white metal. The surface of aluminium metal is covered with a thin layer of oxide that helps protect the metal from attack by air. So, normally, aulumium metal does not react with air. If the oxide layer is damaged, the aluminium metal is exposed to attack, even by water.</p> <h2 class="p">Reaction of aluminium with the halogens</h2> <p class="p_first">Aluminium metal reacts vigorously with all the halogens to form aluminium halides. So, it reacts with chlorine, Cl<sub>2</sub>, bromine, I<sub>2</sub>, and iodine, I<sub>2</sub>, to form respectively aluminium(III) chloride, AlCl<sub>3</sub>, aluminium(III) bromide, AlBr<sub>3</sub>, and aluminium(III) iodide, AlI<sub>3</sub>.</p> <p class="equation">2Al(s) + 3Cl<sub>2</sub>(l) → 2AlCl<sub>3</sub>(s)</p> <p class="equation">2Al(s) + 3Br<sub>2</sub>(l) → Al<sub>2</sub>Br<sub>6</sub>(s)</p> <p class="equation">2Al(s) + 3I<sub>2</sub>(l) → Al<sub>2</sub>I<sub>6</sub>(s)</p> <h2 class="p">Reaction of aluminium with acids</h2> <p class="p_first">Aluminium metal dissolves readily in dilute sulphuric acid to form solutions containing the aquated Al(III) ion together with hydrogen gas, H<sub>2</sub>. The corresponding reactions with dilute hydrochloric acid also give the aquated Al(III) ion. Concentrated nitric acid passivates aluminium metal.</p> <p class="equation">2Al(s) + 3H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>(aq) → 2Al<sup>3+</sup>(aq) + 2SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup>(aq) + 3H<sub>2</sub>(g)</p> <p class="equation">2Al(s) + 6HCl(aq) → 2Al<sup>3+</sup>(aq) + 6Cl<sup>-</sup>(aq) + 3H<sub>2</sub>(g)</p> <h2 class="p">Reaction of aluminium with bases</h2> <p class="p_first">Aluminium dissolves in sodium hydroxide with the evolution of hydrogen gas, H<sub>2</sub>, and the formation of aluminates of the type [Al(OH)<sub>4</sub>]<sup>-</sup>.</p> <p class="equation">2Al(s) + 2NaOH(aq) + 6H<sub>2</sub>O → 2Na<sup>+</sup>(aq) + 2[Al(OH)<sub>4</sub>]<sup>-</sup> + 3H<sub>2</sub>(g)</p> </main> <div id="footer"> <footer> <div class="footer"> <div class="pure-g"> <div class="pure-u-1-2 pure-u-sm-1-2 pure-u-lg-1-4 pure-menu custom-restricted-width"> <ul class="pure-menu-list"> <li class="pure-menu-heading footer_h">Key properties</li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://www.webelements.com/periodicity/eneg_pauling/">Electronegativity </a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://www.webelements.com/periodicity/melting_point/">Melting point</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://www.webelements.com/periodicity/density/">Density </a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://www.webelements.com/periodicity/molar_volume/">Molar volume</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://www.webelements.com/periodicity/ionis_energy_1/">Ionization energy (1st)</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://www.webelements.com/periodicity/covalent_radius/">Covalent radius</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://www.webelements.com/periodicity/metallic_radius/">Metallic radius</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://www.webelements.com/periodicity/abund_crust/">Abundance: earth's crust</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="pure-u-1-2 pure-u-sm-1-2 pure-u-lg-1-4 pure-menu custom-restricted-width"> <ul class="pure-menu-list"> <li class="pure-menu-heading footer_h">Shop</li> <li class="pure-menu-item">Sorry, shop closed</li> </ul> </div> <div class="pure-u-1-2 pure-u-sm-1-2 pure-u-lg-1-4 pure-menu custom-restricted-width"> <ul class="pure-menu-list"> <li class="pure-menu-heading footer_h">Social</li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://www.facebook.com/webelements.periodic.table">Facebook</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://twitter.com/periodic_table">Twitter</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://www.pinterest.com/periodictable/">Pinterest</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="pure-u-1-2 pure-u-sm-1-2 pure-u-lg-1-4 pure-menu custom-restricted-width"> <ul class="pure-menu-list"> <li class="pure-menu-heading footer_h">Administration</li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://www.webelements.com/nexus/your-privacy/" title="Your privacy">Privacy</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://www.webelements.com/nexus/about-webelements/" title="About WebElements">About</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://www.webelements.com/nexus/webelements-and-copyright/" title="Copyright information about WebElements">Copyright</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://www.webelements.com/nexus/acknowledgements/" title="Acknowledgements">Thanks...</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <address> <p> <a href="https://www.webelements.com/"><img class="logo_m" src="../_media/icons/logo_60.png" alt="WebElements home" /></a><br /> <strong>WebElements:</strong> THE periodic table on the WWW [<a href="https://www.webelements.com/">www.webelements.com</a>]<br /> <a href="https://www.webelements.com/nexus/webelements-and-copyright/">Copyright </a> 1993-2024 <a href="https://winter.group.shef.ac.uk/">Mark Winter</a> [ <a href="https://www.sheffield.ac.uk/chemistry/">The University of Sheffield </a> and WebElements Ltd, UK]. 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