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<span>In choral music</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_choral_music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Range_and_subtypes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Range_and_subtypes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Range and subtypes</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Range_and_subtypes-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Range and subtypes subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Range_and_subtypes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Basso_cantante/lyric_high_bass/lyric_bass-baritone" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Basso_cantante/lyric_high_bass/lyric_bass-baritone"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Basso cantante/lyric high bass/lyric bass-baritone</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Basso_cantante/lyric_high_bass/lyric_bass-baritone-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hoher_Bass/dramatic_high_bass/dramatic_bass-baritone" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hoher_Bass/dramatic_high_bass/dramatic_bass-baritone"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Hoher Bass/dramatic high bass/dramatic bass-baritone</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hoher_Bass/dramatic_high_bass/dramatic_bass-baritone-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jugendlicher_Bass" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jugendlicher_Bass"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Jugendlicher Bass</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jugendlicher_Bass-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Basso_buffo/lyric_buffo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Basso_buffo/lyric_buffo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Basso buffo/lyric buffo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Basso_buffo/lyric_buffo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Schwerer_Spielbass/dramatic_buffo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Schwerer_Spielbass/dramatic_buffo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span><span><i>Schwerer Spielbass</i></span>/dramatic buffo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Schwerer_Spielbass/dramatic_buffo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lyric_basso_profondo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lyric_basso_profondo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Lyric basso profondo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lyric_basso_profondo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dramatic_basso_profondo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dramatic_basso_profondo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7</span> <span>Dramatic basso profondo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dramatic_basso_profondo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_Gilbert_and_Sullivan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_Gilbert_and_Sullivan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.8</span> <span>In Gilbert and Sullivan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_Gilbert_and_Sullivan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Bass (voice type)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 61 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-61" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">61 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%87%D9%8A%D8%B1_(%D8%B7%D8%A8%D9%82%D8%A9_%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%A9)" title="جهير (طبقة صوتية) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جهير (طبقة صوتية)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bas_(s%C9%99s_tipi)" title="Bas (səs tipi) – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Bas (səs tipi)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Бас – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Бас" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%81_(%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%85%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82)" title="Бас (гласов обхват) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Бас (гласов обхват)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baix_(veu)" title="Baix (veu) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Baix (veu)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Бас – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Бас" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bas" title="Bas – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Bas" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bas_(ystod_leisiol)" title="Bas (ystod leisiol) – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Bas (ystod leisiol)" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bas_(sangstemme)" title="Bas (sangstemme) – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Bas (sangstemme)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bass_(Stimmlage)" title="Bass (Stimmlage) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Bass (Stimmlage)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bass" title="Bass – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Bass" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CE%B1%CE%B8%CF%8D%CF%86%CF%89%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Βαθύφωνος – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βαθύφωνος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bajo_(voz)" title="Bajo (voz) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Bajo (voz)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baso" title="Baso – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Baso" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baxu_(ahotsa)" title="Baxu (ahotsa) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Baxu (ahotsa)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3_(%DA%AF%D9%88%D9%86%D9%87_%D8%B5%D8%AF%D8%A7)" title="باس (گونه صدا) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="باس (گونه صدا)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basse_(voix)" title="Basse (voix) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Basse (voix)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beus" title="Beus – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Beus" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baixo_(voz)" title="Baixo (voz) – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Baixo (voz)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B2%A0%EC%9D%B4%EC%8A%A4_(%EC%84%B1%EC%95%85)" title="베이스 (성악) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="베이스 (성악)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%A1%D5%BD" title="Բաս – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բաս" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bas_(glas)" title="Bas (glas) – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Bas (glas)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bas" title="Bas – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bas" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bassi_(s%C3%B6ngr%C3%B6dd)" title="Bassi (söngrödd) – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Bassi (söngrödd)" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basso_(voce)" title="Basso (voce) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Basso (voce)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bas" title="Bas – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Bas" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98_(%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%90)" title="ბანი (მუსიკა) – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ბანი (მუსიკა)" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%81_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Бас дауысы – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Бас дауысы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bas_(deng)" title="Bas (deng) – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Bas (deng)" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bass_(balss)" title="Bass (balss) – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Bass (balss)" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosas" title="Bosas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Bosas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basszus" title="Basszus – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Basszus" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Бас – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Бас" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D_(%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A6_%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82)" title="ബാസ്സ് (ശബ്ദ തരം) – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ബാസ്സ് (ശബ്ദ തരം)" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98_(%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%90)" title="ბანი (მუსიკა) – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ბანი (მუსიკა)" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bes_(suara)" title="Bes (suara) – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bes (suara)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bas_(zangstem)" title="Bas (zangstem) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Bas (zangstem)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%90%E3%82%B9_(%E5%A3%B0%E5%9F%9F)" title="バス (声域) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="バス (声域)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bass_(stemme)" title="Bass (stemme) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Bass (stemme)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bassr%C3%B8yst" title="Bassrøyst – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Bassrøyst" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bas" title="Bas – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Bas" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bas_(g%C5%82os)" title="Bas (głos) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Bas (głos)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baixo_(voz)" title="Baixo (voz) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Baixo (voz)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bas_(voce)" title="Bas (voce) – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Bas (voce)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Бас – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Бас" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bas" title="Bas – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Bas" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bass_(vocal_range)" title="Bass (vocal range) – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Bass (vocal range)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bas_(hlas)" title="Bas (hlas) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Bas (hlas)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bas" title="Bas – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Bas" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%95%DB%8C%D8%B3_(%D8%AC%DB%86%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%AF%DB%95%D9%86%DA%AF)" title="بەیس (جۆری دەنگ) – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="بەیس (جۆری دەنگ)" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%81_(%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81)" title="Бас (глас) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Бас (глас)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basso" title="Basso – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Basso" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basst%C3%A4mma" title="Basstämma – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Basstämma" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Бас – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Бас" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bas_(ses_t%C3%BCr%C3%BC)" title="Bas (ses türü) – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Bas (ses türü)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Бас – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Бас" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bass_(gi%E1%BB%8Dng)" title="Bass (giọng) – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Bass (giọng)" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li 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The present address (URL) is a <a href="/wiki/Help:Permanent_link" title="Help:Permanent link">permanent link</a> to this version.</b></p><div id="revision-info-current-plain" style="display: none;">Revision as of 01:44, 18 October 2024 by <a href="/wiki/User:Jlwoodwa" class="mw-userlink" title="User:Jlwoodwa" data-mw-revid="1251783860"><bdi>Jlwoodwa</bdi></a> <span class="mw-usertoollinks">(<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Jlwoodwa" class="mw-usertoollinks-talk" title="User talk:Jlwoodwa">talk</a> | <a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/Jlwoodwa" class="mw-usertoollinks-contribs" title="Special:Contributions/Jlwoodwa">contribs</a>)</span> <span class="comment">(Reverted edits by <a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/66.188.74.162" title="Special:Contributions/66.188.74.162">66.188.74.162</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:66.188.74.162" title="User talk:66.188.74.162">talk</a>) (<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:HG" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:HG">HG</a>) (3.4.12))</span></div></div><div id="mw-revision-nav">(<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bass_(voice_type)&diff=prev&oldid=1251783860" title="Bass (voice type)">diff</a>) <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bass_(voice_type)&direction=prev&oldid=1251783860" title="Bass (voice type)">← Previous revision</a> | Latest revision (diff) | Newer revision → (diff)</div></div></div></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Type of classical male singing voice</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the male voice type. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Bass_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Bass (disambiguation)">Bass</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Bass_(voice_type)" title="Special:EditPage/Bass (voice type)">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Bass%22+voice+type">"Bass" voice type</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Bass%22+voice+type+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Bass%22+voice+type&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Bass%22+voice+type+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Bass%22+voice+type">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Bass%22+voice+type&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span 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.mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks plainlist" style="width:10em"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="background:#ccf;"><a href="/wiki/Voice_type" title="Voice type">Voice type</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddf"> Female</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soprano" title="Soprano">Soprano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mezzo-soprano" title="Mezzo-soprano">Mezzo-soprano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contralto" title="Contralto">Contralto</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddf"> Male</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Countertenor" title="Countertenor">Countertenor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenor" title="Tenor">Tenor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baritone" title="Baritone">Baritone</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bass</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Voice_type" title="Template:Voice type"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Voice_type" title="Template talk:Voice type"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Voice_type" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Voice type"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>A <b>bass</b> is a type of <a href="/wiki/Classical_music" title="Classical music">classical</a> male <a href="/wiki/Singing" title="Singing">singing</a> <a href="/wiki/Human_voice" title="Human voice">voice</a> and has the lowest <a href="/wiki/Vocal_range" title="Vocal range">vocal range</a> of all <a href="/wiki/Voice_type" title="Voice type">voice types</a>. According to <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Grove_Dictionary_of_Opera" title="The New Grove Dictionary of Opera">The New Grove Dictionary of Opera</a></i>, a bass is typically classified as having a vocal range extending from around the second E below <a href="/wiki/C_(musical_note)#Middle_C" title="C (musical note)">middle C</a> to the E above middle C (i.e., <a href="/wiki/Scientific_pitch_notation" title="Scientific pitch notation">E<sub>2</sub>–E<sub>4</sub></a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Grove1_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grove1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BBC_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its <a href="/wiki/Tessitura" title="Tessitura">tessitura</a>, or comfortable range, is normally defined by the outermost lines of the <a href="/wiki/Clef#Bass_clef" title="Clef">bass clef</a>. Categories of bass voices vary according to national style and classification system. </p><p>Italians favour subdividing basses into the <i>basso cantante</i> (singing bass), <i>basso buffo</i> (comical bass), or the dramatic <i>basso profondo</i> (deep bass). The American system<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> identifies the bass-baritone, comic bass, lyric bass, and dramatic bass. </p><p>The German <i><a href="/wiki/Fach" title="Fach">Fach</a></i> system<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> offers further distinctions: Spielbass (Bassbuffo), Schwerer Spielbass (Schwerer Bassbuffo), Charakterbass (Bassbariton), and Seriöser Bass. These classification systems can overlap. Rare is the performer who embodies a single <i>Fach</i> without also touching repertoire from another category. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bass_(voice_type)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Cultural influence and individual variation create a wide variation in range and quality of bass singers. Parts for basses have included notes as low as the <a href="/wiki/B%E2%99%AD_(musical_note)" title="B♭ (musical note)">B-flat</a> two octaves and a tone below middle C (B<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span><sub>1</sub>), for example in <a href="/wiki/Gustav_Mahler" title="Gustav Mahler">Gustav Mahler</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Symphony_No._2_(Mahler)" title="Symphony No. 2 (Mahler)">Symphony No. 2</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Rachmaninov" class="mw-redirect" title="Rachmaninov">Rachmaninov</a>'s <a href="/wiki/All-Night_Vigil_(Rachmaninoff)" title="All-Night Vigil (Rachmaninoff)">All-Night Vigil</a>, <a href="/wiki/A_(musical_note)" title="A (musical note)">A</a> below that in <a href="/wiki/Frederik_Magle" title="Frederik Magle">Frederik Magle</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Cantabile_(symphonic_suite)" title="Cantabile (symphonic suite)">symphonic suite <i>Cantabile</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/G_(musical_note)" title="G (musical note)">G</a> below that (e.g. Measure 76 of <i>Ne otverzhi mene</i> by <a href="/wiki/Pavel_Chesnokov" title="Pavel Chesnokov">Pavel Chesnokov</a>) or <a href="/wiki/F_(musical_note)" title="F (musical note)">F</a> below those in <i>Kheruvimskaya pesn (Song of Cherubim)</i> by <a href="/wiki/Krzysztof_Penderecki" title="Krzysztof Penderecki">Krzysztof Penderecki</a>. Many <a href="/wiki/Basso_profondo" title="Basso profondo">basso profondos</a> have trouble reaching those notes, and the use of them in works by Slavic composers has led to the colloquial term "Russian bass" for an exceptionally deep-ranged basso profondo who can easily sing these notes. Some traditional Russian religious music calls for A<sub>2</sub> (110 <a href="/wiki/Hertz" title="Hertz">Hz</a>) drone singing, which is doubled by A<sub>1</sub> (55 Hz) in the rare occasion that a choir includes singers who can produce this very low human voice pitch. </p><p>Many British composers such as <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Britten" title="Benjamin Britten">Benjamin Britten</a> have written parts for bass (such as the first movement of his choral work <i><a href="/wiki/Rejoice_in_the_Lamb" title="Rejoice in the Lamb">Rejoice in the Lamb</a></i>) that center far higher than the bass <a href="/wiki/Tessitura" title="Tessitura">tessitura</a> as implied by the clef.<sup id="cite_ref-Grove1_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grove1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i><a href="/wiki/Harvard_Dictionary_of_Music" title="Harvard Dictionary of Music">Harvard Dictionary of Music</a></i> defines the range as being from the E below low C to middle C (i.e. E<sub>2</sub>–C<sub>4</sub>).<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_choral_music">In choral music</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bass_(voice_type)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: In choral music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/SATB" title="SATB">SATB four-part mixed</a> chorus, the bass is the lowest vocal range, below the <a href="/wiki/Tenor" title="Tenor">tenor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alto" title="Alto">alto</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Soprano" title="Soprano">soprano</a>. Voices are subdivided into first bass and second bass with no distinction being made between bass and <a href="/wiki/Baritone" title="Baritone">baritone</a> voices, in contrast to the three-fold (tenor–baritone–bass) categorization of solo voices. The exception is in arrangements for male choir (TTBB) and <a href="/wiki/Barbershop_quartet" title="Barbershop quartet">barbershop quartets</a> (TLBB), which sometimes label the lowest two parts baritone and bass. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Range_and_subtypes">Range and subtypes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bass_(voice_type)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Range and subtypes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bass_voice_range_on_keyboard.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Bass_voice_range_on_keyboard.svg/400px-Bass_voice_range_on_keyboard.svg.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="49" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Bass_voice_range_on_keyboard.svg/600px-Bass_voice_range_on_keyboard.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Bass_voice_range_on_keyboard.svg/800px-Bass_voice_range_on_keyboard.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1250" data-file-height="152" /></a><figcaption>Bass vocal range (E<sub>2</sub>–E<sub>4</sub>) notated on the <a href="/wiki/Bass_clef" class="mw-redirect" title="Bass clef">bass</a> <a href="/wiki/Staff_(music)" title="Staff (music)">staff</a> (left) and on piano keyboard in green with dot marking middle C (C<sub>4</sub>)</figcaption></figure> <table align="right"> <tbody><tr> <td><div class="mw-ext-score noresize" data-midi="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/9/l/9lfhvzsw5lk6a5pjymabdeafguzg8xe/9lfhvzsw.midi"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/9/l/9lfhvzsw5lk6a5pjymabdeafguzg8xe/9lfhvzsw.png" width="84" height="57" alt="{ \new Staff \with { \remove "Time_signature_engraver" } \clef bass e,4 e'4 }" /></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Bass has the lowest <a href="/wiki/Vocal_range" title="Vocal range">vocal range</a> of all <a href="/wiki/Voice_type" title="Voice type">voice types</a>, with the lowest <a href="/wiki/Tessitura" title="Tessitura">tessitura</a>. The low extreme for basses is generally C<sub>2</sub> (two Cs below middle C). Some extreme bass singers, referred to as <a href="/wiki/Basso_profondo" title="Basso profondo">basso profondos</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oktavist" class="mw-redirect" title="Oktavist">oktavists</a>, are able to reach much lower than this. Within <a href="/wiki/Opera" title="Opera">opera</a>, the lowest note in the standard bass repertoire is D<sub>2</sub>, sung by the character Osmin in Mozart's <i><a href="/wiki/Die_Entf%C3%BChrung_aus_dem_Serail" title="Die Entführung aus dem Serail">Die Entführung aus dem Serail</a></i>, but few roles fall below F<sub>2</sub>. </p><p>Although Osmin's note is the lowest 'demanded' in the operatic repertoire, lower notes are heard, both written and unwritten: for example, it is traditional for basses to interpolate a low C in the duet "Ich gehe doch rathe ich dir" in the same opera; in Richard Strauss' <i><a href="/wiki/Der_Rosenkavalier" title="Der Rosenkavalier">Der Rosenkavalier</a></i>, Baron Ochs has an optional C<sub>2</sub> ("Mein lieber Hippolyte"). The high extreme: a few bass roles in the standard repertoire call for a high F<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">♯</span></span> or G (F<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">♯</span></span><sub>4</sub> and G<sub>4</sub>, the one above middle C), but few roles go over F<sub>4</sub>. In the operatic bass repertoire, the highest notes are a G<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">♯</span></span><sub>4</sub> (The Barber in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Nose_(opera)" title="The Nose (opera)">The Nose</a></i> by Shostakovich) and, in the aria "Fra l'ombre e gl'orrori" in Handel's <a href="/wiki/Serenata" class="mw-redirect" title="Serenata">serenata</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Aci,_Galatea_e_Polifemo" title="Aci, Galatea e Polifemo">Aci, Galatea e Polifemo</a></i>, Polifemo reaches an A<sub>4</sub>. </p><p>Within the bass voice type category are seven generally recognized subcategories: <i>basso cantante</i> (singing bass), <i>hoher</i> bass (high bass), <i>jugendlicher</i> bass (juvenile bass), <i>basso buffo</i> ("funny" bass), <i>Schwerer Spielbass</i> (dramatic bass), lyric bass, and dramatic <i>basso profondo</i> (low bass).<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Basso_cantante/lyric_high_bass/lyric_bass-baritone"><span id="Basso_cantante.2Flyric_high_bass.2Flyric_bass-baritone"></span>Basso cantante/lyric high bass/lyric bass-baritone</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bass_(voice_type)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Basso cantante/lyric high bass/lyric bass-baritone"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Bass-baritone" title="Bass-baritone">Bass-baritone</a></div> <p><i>Basso cantante</i> means "singing bass".<sup id="cite_ref-BBC_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Basso cantante</i> is a higher, more lyrical voice. It is produced using a more Italianate vocal production, and possesses a faster vibrato, than its closest Germanic/Anglo-Saxon equivalent, the <a href="/wiki/Bass-baritone" title="Bass-baritone">bass-baritone</a>. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col div-col-rules" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li>Max, <i><a href="/wiki/Le_chalet" title="Le chalet">Le chalet</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Adolphe_Adam" title="Adolphe Adam">Adolphe Adam</a></li> <li>Duke Bluebeard <i><a href="/wiki/Bluebeard%27s_Castle" title="Bluebeard's Castle">Bluebeard's Castle</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9la_Bart%C3%B3k" title="Béla Bartók">Béla Bartók</a></li> <li>Don Pizarro, <i><a href="/wiki/Fidelio" title="Fidelio">Fidelio</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_van_Beethoven" title="Ludwig van Beethoven">Ludwig van Beethoven</a></li> <li>Count Rodolfo, <i><a href="/wiki/La_sonnambula" title="La sonnambula">La sonnambula</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Vincenzo_Bellini" title="Vincenzo Bellini">Bellini</a></li> <li>Blitch, <i><a href="/wiki/Susannah" title="Susannah">Susannah</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Carlisle_Floyd" title="Carlisle Floyd">Carlisle Floyd</a></li> <li>Méphistophélès, <i><a href="/wiki/Faust_(opera)" title="Faust (opera)">Faust</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Charles_Gounod" title="Charles Gounod">Charles Gounod</a></li> <li>The King of Scotland, <i><a href="/wiki/Ariodante" title="Ariodante">Ariodante</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/George_Frideric_Handel" title="George Frideric Handel">George Frideric Handel</a></li> <li>Don Alfonso, <i><a href="/wiki/Cos%C3%AC_fan_tutte" title="Così fan tutte">Così fan tutte</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart">Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart</a></li> <li>Don Giovanni, <i><a href="/wiki/Don_Giovanni" title="Don Giovanni">Don Giovanni</a></i> by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart</li> <li>Figaro, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Marriage_of_Figaro" title="The Marriage of Figaro">The Marriage of Figaro</a></i> by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart</li> <li>The Voice of the Oracle, <i><a href="/wiki/Idomeneo" title="Idomeneo">Idomeneo</a></i> by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart</li> <li>Silva, <i><a href="/wiki/Ernani" title="Ernani">Ernani</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Verdi" title="Giuseppe Verdi">Giuseppe Verdi</a></li> <li>Philip II, <i><a href="/wiki/Don_Carlos" title="Don Carlos">Don Carlos</a></i> by Giuseppe Verdi</li> <li>Count Walter, <i><a href="/wiki/Luisa_Miller" title="Luisa Miller">Luisa Miller</a></i> by Giuseppe Verdi</li> <li>Ferrando, <i><a href="/wiki/Il_trovatore" title="Il trovatore">Il trovatore</a></i> by Giuseppe Verdi</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hoher_Bass/dramatic_high_bass/dramatic_bass-baritone"><span id="Hoher_Bass.2Fdramatic_high_bass.2Fdramatic_bass-baritone"></span>Hoher Bass/dramatic high bass/dramatic bass-baritone</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bass_(voice_type)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Hoher Bass/dramatic high bass/dramatic bass-baritone"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Hoher Bass</i></span></i> or "high bass" or often a dramatic <a href="/wiki/Bass-baritone" title="Bass-baritone">bass-baritone</a>. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col div-col-rules" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li>Igor, <i><a href="/wiki/Prince_Igor" title="Prince Igor">Prince Igor</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Borodin" title="Alexander Borodin">Alexander Borodin</a></li> <li>Boris, <i><a href="/wiki/Boris_Godunov_(opera)" title="Boris Godunov (opera)">Boris Godunov</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Modest_Mussorgsky" title="Modest Mussorgsky">Modest Mussorgsky</a></li> <li>Klingsor, <i><a href="/wiki/Parsifal" title="Parsifal">Parsifal</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Richard_Wagner" title="Richard Wagner">Richard Wagner</a></li> <li>Wotan, <i><a href="/wiki/Der_Ring_des_Nibelungen" title="Der Ring des Nibelungen">Der Ring des Nibelungen</a></i> by Richard Wagner</li> <li>Caspar, <i><a href="/wiki/Der_Freisch%C3%BCtz" title="Der Freischütz">Der Freischütz</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Carl_Maria_von_Weber" title="Carl Maria von Weber">Carl Maria von Weber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banquo" title="Banquo">Banquo</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Macbeth_(Verdi)" title="Macbeth (Verdi)">Macbeth</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Verdi" title="Giuseppe Verdi">Giuseppe Verdi</a></li> <li>Zaccaria, <i><a href="/wiki/Nabucco" title="Nabucco">Nabucco</a></i> by Giuseppe Verdi</li> <li>Fiesco, <i><a href="/wiki/Simon_Boccanegra" title="Simon Boccanegra">Simon Boccanegra</a></i> by Giuseppe Verdi</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jugendlicher_Bass">Jugendlicher Bass</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bass_(voice_type)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Jugendlicher Bass"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Jugendlicher Bass</i></span></i> (juvenile bass) denotes the role of a young man sung by a bass, regardless of the age of the singer. </p> <ul><li>Masetto, <i><a href="/wiki/Don_Giovanni" title="Don Giovanni">Don Giovanni</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart">Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart</a></li> <li>Colline, <i><a href="/wiki/La_boh%C3%A8me" title="La bohème">La bohème</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Giacomo_Puccini" title="Giacomo Puccini">Giacomo Puccini</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Basso_buffo/lyric_buffo"><span id="Basso_buffo.2Flyric_buffo"></span>Basso buffo/lyric buffo</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bass_(voice_type)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Basso buffo/lyric buffo"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="anchor" id="Basso_buffo"></span><i>Buffo</i>, literally "funny", basses are lyrical roles that demand from their practitioners a solid coloratura technique, a capacity for <a href="/wiki/Patter_song" title="Patter song">patter singing</a> and ripe tonal qualities if they are to be brought off to maximum effect. They are usually the blustering antagonist of the hero/heroine or the comic-relief fool in <a href="/wiki/Bel_canto" title="Bel canto">bel canto</a> operas. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col div-col-rules" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li>Don Pasquale, <i><a href="/wiki/Don_Pasquale" title="Don Pasquale">Don Pasquale</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Gaetano_Donizetti" title="Gaetano Donizetti">Gaetano Donizetti</a></li> <li>Dottor Dulcamara, <i><a href="/wiki/L%27elisir_d%27amore" title="L'elisir d'amore">L'elisir d'amore</a></i> by Gaetano Donizetti</li> <li>Doctor Bartolo, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Barber_of_Seville" title="The Barber of Seville">The Barber of Seville</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Gioachino_Rossini" title="Gioachino Rossini">Gioachino Rossini</a></li> <li>Don Magnifico, <i><a href="/wiki/La_Cenerentola" title="La Cenerentola">La Cenerentola</a></i> by Gioachino Rossini</li> <li>Don Alfonso, <i><a href="/wiki/Cos%C3%AC_fan_tutte" title="Così fan tutte">Così fan tutte</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart">Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart</a></li> <li>Leporello, <i><a href="/wiki/Don_Giovanni" title="Don Giovanni">Don Giovanni</a></i> by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart</li> <li>Papageno, <i><a href="/wiki/Die_Zauberfl%C3%B6te" class="mw-redirect" title="Die Zauberflöte">Die Zauberflöte</a></i> by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart</li> <li>The Doctor, <i><a href="/wiki/Wozzeck" title="Wozzeck">Wozzeck</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Alban_Berg" title="Alban Berg">Alban Berg</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Schwerer_Spielbass/dramatic_buffo"><span id="Schwerer_Spielbass.2Fdramatic_buffo"></span><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Schwerer Spielbass</i></span>/dramatic buffo</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bass_(voice_type)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Schwerer Spielbass/dramatic buffo"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>English equivalent: dramatic bass </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col div-col-rules" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li>Khan Konchak, <i><a href="/wiki/Prince_Igor" title="Prince Igor">Prince Igor</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Borodin" title="Alexander Borodin">Alexander Borodin</a></li> <li>Baculus, <i><a href="/wiki/Der_Wildsch%C3%BCtz" title="Der Wildschütz">Der Wildschütz</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Albert_Lortzing" title="Albert Lortzing">Albert Lortzing</a></li> <li>Ferrando, <i><a href="/wiki/Il_trovatore" title="Il trovatore">Il trovatore</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Verdi" title="Giuseppe Verdi">Giuseppe Verdi</a></li> <li>Daland, <i><a href="/wiki/Der_fliegende_Holl%C3%A4nder" title="Der fliegende Holländer">Der fliegende Holländer</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Richard_Wagner" title="Richard Wagner">Richard Wagner</a></li> <li>Varlaam, <i><a href="/wiki/Boris_Godunov_(opera)" title="Boris Godunov (opera)">Boris Godunov</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Modest_Mussorgsky" title="Modest Mussorgsky">Modest Mussorgsky</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lyric_basso_profondo">Lyric basso profondo</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bass_(voice_type)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Lyric basso profondo"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Basso_profondo" title="Basso profondo">Basso profondo</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Basso_profondo" title="Basso profondo">Basso profondo</a> (lyric low bass) is the lowest bass voice type. According to <a href="/wiki/J._B._Steane" title="J. B. Steane">J. B. Steane</a> in <i>Voices, Singers & Critics</i>, the basso profondo voice "derives from a method of tone-production that eliminates the more Italian quick vibrato. In its place is a kind of tonal solidity, a wall-like front, which may nevertheless prove susceptible to the other kind of vibrato, the slow beat or dreaded wobble." </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col div-col-rules" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li>Rocco, <i><a href="/wiki/Fidelio" title="Fidelio">Fidelio</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_van_Beethoven" title="Ludwig van Beethoven">Ludwig van Beethoven</a></li> <li>Osmin, <i><a href="/wiki/Die_Entf%C3%BChrung_aus_dem_Serail" title="Die Entführung aus dem Serail">Die Entführung aus dem Serail</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart">Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart</a></li> <li>Sarastro, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Magic_Flute" title="The Magic Flute">Die Zauberflöte</a></i> by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart</li> <li>Pimen, <i><a href="/wiki/Boris_Godunov_(opera)" title="Boris Godunov (opera)">Boris Godunov</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Modest_Mussorgsky" title="Modest Mussorgsky">Modest Mussorgsky</a></li> <li>Baron Ochs, <i><a href="/wiki/Der_Rosenkavalier" title="Der Rosenkavalier">Der Rosenkavalier</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Richard_Strauss" title="Richard Strauss">Richard Strauss</a></li> <li>Baldassarre, <i><a href="/wiki/La_favorite" title="La favorite">La favorite</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Gaetano_Donizetti" title="Gaetano Donizetti">Gaetano Donizetti</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dramatic_basso_profondo">Dramatic basso profondo</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bass_(voice_type)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Dramatic basso profondo"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>English equivalent: dramatic low bass. Dramatic basso profondo is a powerful basso profondo voice. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col div-col-rules" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li>Il Commendatore, <i><a href="/wiki/Don_Giovanni" title="Don Giovanni">Don Giovanni</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart">Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart</a></li> <li>Hagen, <i><a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6tterd%C3%A4mmerung" title="Götterdämmerung">Götterdämmerung</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Richard_Wagner" title="Richard Wagner">Richard Wagner</a></li> <li>Heinrich, <i><a href="/wiki/Lohengrin_(opera)" title="Lohengrin (opera)">Lohengrin</a></i> by Richard Wagner</li> <li>Gurnemanz, <i><a href="/wiki/Parsifal" title="Parsifal">Parsifal</a></i> by Richard Wagner</li> <li>Fafner, <i><a href="/wiki/Das_Rheingold" title="Das Rheingold">Das Rheingold</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Siegfried_(opera)" title="Siegfried (opera)">Siegfried</a></i> by Richard Wagner</li> <li>Marke, <i><a href="/wiki/Tristan_und_Isolde" title="Tristan und Isolde">Tristan und Isolde</a></i> by Richard Wagner</li> <li>Hunding, <i><a href="/wiki/Die_Walk%C3%BCre" title="Die Walküre">Die Walküre</a></i> by Richard Wagner</li> <li>The Varangian (Viking) Guest, <i><a href="/wiki/Sadko_(opera)" title="Sadko (opera)">Sadko</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Rimsky-Korsakov" title="Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov">Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov</a></li> <li>The Grand Inquisitor, <i><a href="/wiki/Don_Carlos" title="Don Carlos">Don Carlo</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Verdi" title="Giuseppe Verdi">Giuseppe Verdi</a></li> <li>Claggart, <i><a href="/wiki/Billy_Budd_(opera)" title="Billy Budd (opera)">Billy Budd</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Britten" title="Benjamin Britten">Benjamin Britten</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_Gilbert_and_Sullivan">In Gilbert and Sullivan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bass_(voice_type)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: In Gilbert and Sullivan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>All of the <a href="/wiki/Gilbert_and_Sullivan" title="Gilbert and Sullivan">Gilbert and Sullivan</a> <a href="/wiki/Savoy_opera" title="Savoy opera">Savoy operas</a>, except <i><a href="/wiki/Patience_(opera)" title="Patience (opera)">Patience</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Yeomen_of_the_Guard" title="The Yeomen of the Guard">The Yeomen of the Guard</a></i>, have at least one lead bass. Notable roles include: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col div-col-rules" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li>Adam Goodheart, <i><a href="/wiki/Ruddigore" title="Ruddigore">Ruddigore</a></i></li> <li>Arac, <i><a href="/wiki/Princess_Ida" title="Princess Ida">Princess Ida</a></i></li> <li>Bob Becket (Carpenter's mate), <i><a href="/wiki/H.M.S._Pinafore" title="H.M.S. Pinafore">H.M.S. Pinafore</a></i></li> <li>Don Alhambra del Bolero, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Gondoliers" title="The Gondoliers">The Gondoliers</a></i></li> <li>The Mikado of Japan, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Mikado" title="The Mikado">The Mikado</a></i></li> <li>The Notary, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Sorcerer" title="The Sorcerer">The Sorcerer</a></i></li> <li>Private Willis, <i><a href="/wiki/Iolanthe" title="Iolanthe">Iolanthe</a></i></li> <li>Sergeant of Police, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Pirates_of_Penzance" title="The Pirates of Penzance">The Pirates of Penzance</a></i></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bass_(voice_type)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Basses" title="Category:Basses">Category of basses</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fach" title="Fach">Fach</a></i>, the German system for classifying voices</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voice_classification_in_non-classical_music" title="Voice classification in non-classical music">Voice classification in non-classical music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_basses_in_non-classical_music" title="List of basses in non-classical music">List of basses in non-classical music</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bass_(voice_type)&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Grove1-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Grove1_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Grove1_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFOwen_JanderLionel_SawkinsJ._B._SteaneElizabeth_Forbes2002" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Owen Jander; Lionel Sawkins; <a href="/wiki/J._B._Steane" title="J. B. Steane">J. B. Steane</a>; <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Forbes_(musicologist)" title="Elizabeth Forbes (musicologist)">Elizabeth Forbes</a> (2002). "Bass (Fr. <i>basse</i>; Ger. <i>Bass</i>; It. <i>basso</i>)". <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Grove_Dictionary_of_Music_and_Musicians#Grove_Music_Online_and_Oxford_Music_Online" title="The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians">Grove Music Online</a></i> (8th ed.). <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fgmo%2F9781561592630.article.O900455">10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.O900455</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-56159-263-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-56159-263-0"><bdi>978-1-56159-263-0</bdi></a>. <q>E<sub>2</sub>–E<sub>4</sub>/F<sub>4</sub></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Bass+%28Fr.+basse%3B+Ger.+Bass%3B+It.+basso%29&rft.btitle=Grove+Music+Online&rft.edition=8th&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fgmo%2F9781561592630.article.O900455&rft.isbn=978-1-56159-263-0&rft.au=Owen+Jander&rft.au=Lionel+Sawkins&rft.au=J.+B.+Steane&rft.au=Elizabeth+Forbes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABass+%28voice+type%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBC-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BBC_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BBC_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/wales/cardiffsinger/sites/guides/pages/bass.shtml">"BBC Cardiff Singer of the World – Guides – Baritone and bass"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_Cymru_Wales" title="BBC Cymru Wales">BBC Cymru Wales</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=BBC+Cardiff+Singer+of+the+World+%E2%80%93+Guides+%E2%80%93+Baritone+and+bass&rft.pub=BBC+Cymru+Wales&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fwales%2Fcardiffsinger%2Fsites%2Fguides%2Fpages%2Fbass.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABass+%28voice+type%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Boldrey, Richard (1994) Guide to Operatic Roles & Arias, Redmond: PST... Inc.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kloiber, Rudolf et al., (2007) Handbuch der Oper, 12th edition, Munich: Bärenreiter</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.library.yale.edu/cataloging/music/vocalrg.htm">Ranges Guide</a>, Yale University Music Library, taken from the <i>Harvard Dictionary of Music</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130827072425/http://www.library.yale.edu/cataloging/music/vocalrg.htm">Archived</a> 27 August 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.collegesidekick.com/study-guides/musicappreciation_with_theory/bass">"Bass | Music Appreciation"</a>. <i>collegesidekick.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=collegesidekick.com&rft.atitle=Bass+%7C+Music+Appreciation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.collegesidekick.com%2Fstudy-guides%2Fmusicappreciation_with_theory%2Fbass&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABass+%28voice+type%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bass_(voice_type)&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/wales/cardiffsinger/sites/guides/pages/voice.shtml">Guide to the singing voice</a>, <a href="/wiki/BBC_Wales" class="mw-redirect" title="BBC Wales">BBC Wales</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bach-cantatas.com/Topics/Basses.htm">Basses in Bach’s vocal works</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Bass_vocalists" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Bass vocalists">Bass vocalists</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/16px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/24px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/32px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> The dictionary definition of <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Bass" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Bass"><i>Bass</i></a> at Wiktionary</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link 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