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in opera subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Subtypes_and_roles_in_opera-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Coloratura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Coloratura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Coloratura</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Coloratura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Soubrette" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Soubrette"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Soubrette</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Soubrette-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lyric" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lyric"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Lyric</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lyric-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spinto" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spinto"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Spinto</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spinto-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dramatic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dramatic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Dramatic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dramatic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_types" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_types"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>Other types</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_types-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Soprano</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 67 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-67" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">67 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sopran" title="Sopran – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Sopran" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%8A_(%D8%B7%D8%A8%D9%82%D8%A9_%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%AA)" title="ندي (طبقة صوت) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ندي (طبقة صوت)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sopranu" title="Sopranu – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Sopranu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soprano" title="Soprano – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Soprano" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Сапрана – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Сапрана" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Сопран – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Сопран" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soprano" title="Soprano – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Soprano" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE" title="Сопрано – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Сопрано" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sopr%C3%A1n" title="Soprán – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Soprán" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soprano" title="Soprano – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Soprano" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sopran_(stemme)" title="Sopran (stemme) – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Sopran (stemme)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sopran" title="Sopran – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Sopran" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sopran" title="Sopran – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Sopran" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A5%CF%88%CE%AF%CF%86%CF%89%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Υψίφωνος – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Υψίφωνος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soprano" title="Soprano – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Soprano" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soprano" title="Soprano – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Soprano" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soprano" title="Soprano – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Soprano" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88" title="سوپرانو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سوپرانو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soprano" title="Soprano – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Soprano" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sopr%C3%A1n" title="Soprán – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Soprán" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neach-seinn_%C3%A0irde" title="Neach-seinn àirde – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Neach-seinn àirde" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soprano" title="Soprano – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Soprano" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%86%8C%ED%94%84%EB%9D%BC%EB%85%B8" title="소프라노 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="소프라노" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%B8%D5%BA%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8" title="Սոպրանո – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Սոպրանո" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sopran" title="Sopran – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Sopran" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soprano" title="Soprano – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Soprano" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sopran" title="Sopran – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Sopran" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soprano" title="Soprano – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Soprano" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%9F" title="סופרן – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סופרן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sopran" title="Sopran – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Sopran" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9D" title="სოპრანო – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სოპრანო" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE" title="Сопрано – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Сопрано" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soprano" title="Soprano – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Soprano" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supranus" title="Supranus – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Supranus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sopr%C4%81ns" title="Soprāns – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Soprāns" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sopranas" title="Sopranas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Sopranas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szopr%C3%A1n" title="Szoprán – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Szoprán" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Сопран – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Сопран" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soprano" title="Soprano – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Soprano" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sopraan_(zangstem)" title="Sopraan (zangstem) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Sopraan (zangstem)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%BD%E3%83%97%E3%83%A9%E3%83%8E" title="ソプラノ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ソプラノ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sopran" title="Sopran – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Sopran" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sopran" title="Sopran – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Sopran" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soprano" title="Soprano – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Soprano" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sopran" title="Sopran – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Sopran" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soprano" title="Soprano – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Soprano" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sopran%C4%83" title="Soprană – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Soprană" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE" title="Сопрано – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Сопрано" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soprano" title="Soprano – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Soprano" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soprano" title="Soprano – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Soprano" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sopr%C3%A1n" title="Soprán – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Soprán" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sopran" title="Sopran – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Sopran" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%86%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%86" title="سۆپرانۆ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="سۆپرانۆ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Сопран – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Сопран" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sopran" title="Sopran – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Sopran" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sopraano" title="Sopraano – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Sopraano" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sopran" title="Sopran – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Sopran" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%99" title="โซปราโน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="โซปราโน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE" title="Сопрано – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Сопрано" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%A6%E1%8E%B8%E1%8E%B3%E1%8F%97" title="ᎦᎸᎳᏗ – Cherokee" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎦᎸᎳᏗ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="Cherokee" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soprano" title="Soprano – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Soprano" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE" title="Сопрано – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Сопрано" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soprano" title="Soprano – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Soprano" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A5%B3%E9%AB%98%E9%9F%B3" title="女高音 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="女高音" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A5%B3%E9%AB%98%E9%9F%B3" title="女高音 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="女高音" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A5%B3%E9%AB%98%E9%9F%B3" title="女高音 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="女高音" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rsk mw-list-item"><a href="https://rsk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Сопран – Pannonian Rusyn" lang="rsk" hreflang="rsk" data-title="Сопран" data-language-autonym="Руски" data-language-local-name="Pannonian Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Руски</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q30903#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> 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print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the female voice type. For a male singer able to sing in the soprano range, see <a href="/wiki/Sopranist" title="Sopranist">Sopranist</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Soprano_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Soprano (disambiguation)">Soprano (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Soprano (singer)" redirects here. 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3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks plainlist" style="width:10em"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="background:#ccf;"><a href="/wiki/Voice_type" title="Voice type">Voice type</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddf"> Female</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Soprano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mezzo-soprano" title="Mezzo-soprano">Mezzo-soprano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contralto" title="Contralto">Contralto</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddf"> Male</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Countertenor" title="Countertenor">Countertenor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenor" title="Tenor">Tenor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baritone" title="Baritone">Baritone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bass_(voice_type)" title="Bass (voice type)">Bass</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Voice_type" title="Template:Voice type"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Voice_type" title="Template talk:Voice type"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Voice_type" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Voice type"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p><p>A <b>soprano</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Italian pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="it-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Italian" title="Help:IPA/Italian">[soˈpraːno]</a></span>) is a type of classical singing voice and has the highest <a href="/wiki/Vocal_range" title="Vocal range">vocal range</a> of all <a href="/wiki/Voice_type" title="Voice type">voice types</a>. The soprano's vocal range (using <a href="/wiki/Scientific_pitch_notation" title="Scientific pitch notation">scientific pitch notation</a>) is from approximately middle C (C<sub>4</sub>) = 261 <a href="/wiki/Hertz" title="Hertz">Hz</a> to "high A" (A<sub>5</sub>) = 880 Hz in <a href="/wiki/Choir" title="Choir">choral music</a>, or to "soprano C" (C<sub>6</sub>, two <a href="/wiki/Octave" title="Octave">octaves</a> above middle C) = 1046 Hz or higher in operatic music. In four-part <a href="/wiki/Chorale" title="Chorale">chorale</a> style harmony, the soprano takes the highest part, which often encompasses the <a href="/wiki/Melody" title="Melody">melody</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Stark_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stark-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The soprano voice type is generally divided into the <a href="/wiki/Coloratura_soprano" title="Coloratura soprano">coloratura</a>, <a href="/wiki/Soubrette" title="Soubrette">soubrette</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lyric_soprano" title="Lyric soprano">lyric</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spinto_soprano" title="Spinto soprano">spinto</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Dramatic_soprano" title="Dramatic soprano">dramatic</a> soprano.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soprano&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The word "soprano" comes from the Italian word <i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sopra" class="extiw" title="wikt:sopra">sopra</a></i> (above, over, on top of),<sup id="cite_ref-britannica_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as the soprano is the highest pitch human voice, often given to the leading female roles in operas.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "Soprano" refers mainly to women, but it can also be applied to men; "<a href="/wiki/Sopranist" title="Sopranist">sopranist</a>" is the term for a male <a href="/wiki/Countertenor" title="Countertenor">countertenor</a> able to sing in the soprano vocal range,<sup id="cite_ref-McKinney_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McKinney-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while a <a href="/wiki/Castrato" title="Castrato">castrato</a> is the term for a castrated male singer, typical of the 16th, 17th, and 18th centuries,<sup id="cite_ref-britannica_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a <a href="/wiki/Treble_voice" title="Treble voice">treble</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Boy_soprano" title="Boy soprano">boy soprano</a>, whether they finished puberty or are still a child, as long as they are still able to sing in that range.<sup id="cite_ref-britannica_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The term "soprano" is also based on the Latin word <i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/superior#Latin" class="extiw" title="wikt:superior">superius</a></i> which, like soprano, referred to the highest pitch vocal range of all human voice types.<sup id="cite_ref-britannica_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The word <i>superius</i> was especially used in choral and other multi-part vocal music between the 13th and 16th centuries.<sup id="cite_ref-britannica_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vocal_range">Vocal range</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soprano&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Vocal range"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Soprano_voice_range_on_keyboard.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Soprano_voice_range_on_keyboard.svg/500px-Soprano_voice_range_on_keyboard.svg.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="49" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Soprano_voice_range_on_keyboard.svg/960px-Soprano_voice_range_on_keyboard.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1250" data-file-height="152" /></a><figcaption>Soprano vocal range (C<sub>4</sub>–C<sub>6</sub>) notated on the <a href="/wiki/Treble_clef" class="mw-redirect" title="Treble clef">treble</a> <a href="/wiki/Staff_(music)" title="Staff (music)">staff</a> and on piano keyboard in green with dot marking middle C</figcaption></figure> <table align="right"> <tbody><tr> <td><div class="mw-ext-score noresize" data-midi="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/m/4/m4mvcuynck6yw86crfx4l7xv6yjxrey/m4mvcuyn.midi"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/m/4/m4mvcuynck6yw86crfx4l7xv6yjxrey/m4mvcuyn.png" width="84" height="57" alt="{ \new Staff \with { \remove "Time_signature_engraver" } c'4 c'''4 }" /></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The soprano has the highest <a href="/wiki/Vocal_range" title="Vocal range">vocal range</a> of all <a href="/wiki/Voice_type" title="Voice type">voice types</a>, with the highest <a href="/wiki/Tessitura" title="Tessitura">tessitura</a>. A soprano and a <a href="/wiki/Mezzo-soprano" title="Mezzo-soprano">mezzo-soprano</a> have a similar range, but their tessituras will lie in different parts of that range.<sup id="cite_ref-Boldrey_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Boldrey-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The low extreme for sopranos is roughly A<sub>3</sub> or B<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span><sub>3</sub> (just below middle C). Within opera, the lowest demanded note for sopranos is F<sub>3</sub> (from <a href="/wiki/Richard_Strauss" title="Richard Strauss">Richard Strauss</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Die_Frau_ohne_Schatten" title="Die Frau ohne Schatten">Die Frau ohne Schatten</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). Often low notes in higher voices will project less, lack timbre, and tend to "count less" in roles (although some Verdi, Strauss and Wagner roles call for stronger singing below the <a href="/wiki/Staff_(music)" title="Staff (music)">staff</a>). However, rarely is a soprano simply unable to sing a low note in a song within a soprano role.<sup id="cite_ref-Boldrey_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Boldrey-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Low notes can be reached with a lowered position of the <a href="/wiki/Larynx" title="Larynx">larynx</a>. </p><p>The high extreme, at a minimum, for non-coloratura sopranos is "soprano C" (C<sub>6</sub> two octaves above middle C), and many roles in the standard repertoire call for C<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">♯</span></span><sub>6</sub> or D<sub>6</sub>. A couple of roles have optional E<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span><sub>6</sub>s, as well. In the <a href="/wiki/Coloratura" title="Coloratura">coloratura</a> repertoire, several roles call for E<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span><sub>6</sub> on up to F<sub>6</sub>. In rare cases, some coloratura roles go as high as G<sub>6</sub> or G<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">♯</span></span><sub>6</sub>, such as Mozart's concert aria "<a href="/wiki/Popoli_di_Tessaglia!" title="Popoli di Tessaglia!">Popoli di Tessaglia!</a>", or the title role of <a href="/wiki/Jules_Massenet" title="Jules Massenet">Jules Massenet</a>'s opera <i><a href="/wiki/Esclarmonde" title="Esclarmonde">Esclarmonde</a></i>. While not necessarily within the tessitura, a good soprano will be able to sing her top notes full-throated, with timbre and dynamic control.<sup id="cite_ref-Coffin_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Coffin-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In opera, the <a href="/wiki/Tessitura" title="Tessitura">tessitura</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vocal_weight" title="Vocal weight">vocal weight</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Timbre" title="Timbre">timbre</a> of voices, and the roles they sing, are commonly categorized into voice types, often called <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Fächer</i></span> (<abbr title="singular">sg.</abbr> <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Fach" title="Fach">Fach</a></i></span>, from German <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Fach</i></span> or <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Stimmfach</i></span>, "vocal category").<sup id="cite_ref-Coffin_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Coffin-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A singer's tessitura is where the voice has the best timbre, easy <a href="/wiki/Dynamics_(music)" title="Dynamics (music)">volume</a>, and most comfort. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_choral_music">In choral music</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soprano&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: In choral music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330" /><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks hlist" style="width:10em"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="background:#ccf;"><a href="/wiki/Voice_type#Choral_music_classification" title="Voice type">Voice classification<br />in choral music</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Soprano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alto" title="Alto">Alto</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tenor" title="Tenor">Tenor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bass_(voice_type)" title="Bass (voice type)">Bass</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Choral_voice_classification" title="Template:Choral voice classification"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Choral_voice_classification" title="Template talk:Choral voice classification"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Choral_voice_classification" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Choral voice classification"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In <a href="/wiki/SATB" title="SATB">SATB four-part mixed</a> chorus, the soprano is the highest vocal range, above the <a href="/wiki/Alto" title="Alto">alto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tenor" title="Tenor">tenor</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bass_(voice_type)" title="Bass (voice type)">bass</a>. Sopranos commonly sing in the tessitura G4-A5. When the composer calls for divisi, sopranos can be separated into Soprano I (highest part) and Soprano II (lower soprano part). </p><p>In contrast to choral singing, in classical solo singing a person is classified through the identification of several vocal traits, including range, vocal <a href="/wiki/Timbre" title="Timbre">timbre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vocal_weight" title="Vocal weight">vocal weight</a>, vocal <a href="/wiki/Tessitura" title="Tessitura">tessitura</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vocal_resonance" class="mw-redirect" title="Vocal resonance">vocal resonance</a>, and vocal transition points (lifts or "<a href="/wiki/Passaggio" title="Passaggio">passaggio</a>") within the singer's voice.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>These different traits are used to identify different sub-types within the voice. Within <a href="/wiki/Opera" title="Opera">opera</a>, particular roles are written with specific kinds of soprano voices in mind, causing certain roles to be associated with certain <a href="/wiki/Voice_type" title="Voice type">kinds of voices</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Subtypes_and_roles_in_opera">Subtypes and roles in opera</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soprano&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Subtypes and roles in opera"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See soprano subtype Main articles below for roles and singers.</div> <p>Within the soprano voice type category are five generally recognized subcategories: <a href="/wiki/Coloratura_soprano" title="Coloratura soprano">coloratura soprano</a>, <a href="/wiki/Soubrette" title="Soubrette">soubrette</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lyric_soprano" title="Lyric soprano">lyric soprano</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spinto_soprano" title="Spinto soprano">spinto soprano</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Dramatic_soprano" title="Dramatic soprano">dramatic soprano</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Coloratura">Coloratura</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soprano&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Coloratura"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Coloratura_soprano" title="Coloratura soprano">Coloratura soprano</a></div> <p>The coloratura soprano may be a lyric coloratura or a dramatic coloratura. The lyric coloratura soprano is a very agile light voice with a high upper extension capable of fast vocal coloratura. Light coloraturas have a range of approximately middle C (C<sub>4</sub>) to "high F" (<i><a href="/wiki/In_alt" class="mw-redirect" title="In alt">in alt</a></i>) (F<sub>6</sub>) with some coloratura sopranos being able to sing somewhat lower or higher,<sup id="cite_ref-McKinney_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McKinney-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> e.g. an interpolated A<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span><sub>6</sub> in the Doll Aria, "Les oiseaux dans la charmille", from <i><a href="/wiki/The_Tales_of_Hoffmann" title="The Tales of Hoffmann">The Tales of Hoffmann</a></i>, e.g. by <a href="/wiki/Rachele_Gilmore" title="Rachele Gilmore">Rachele Gilmore</a> in a 2009 performance, and a written A<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-natural">♮</span></span><sub>6</sub> by <a href="/wiki/Audrey_Luna" title="Audrey Luna">Audrey Luna</a> in 2017 in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Exterminating_Angel_(opera)" title="The Exterminating Angel (opera)">The Exterminating Angel</a></i>, both at the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Opera" title="Metropolitan Opera">Metropolitan Opera</a> in New York.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The dramatic coloratura soprano is a coloratura soprano with great flexibility in high-lying velocity passages, yet with great sustaining power comparable to that of a full spinto or dramatic soprano. Dramatic coloraturas have a range of approximately "low B" (B<sub>3</sub>) to "high F" (F<sub>6</sub>) with some coloratura sopranos being able to sing somewhat higher or lower.<sup id="cite_ref-Coffin_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Coffin-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Soubrette">Soubrette</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soprano&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Soubrette"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Soubrette" title="Soubrette">Soubrette</a></div> <p>In classical music and opera, a soubrette soprano refers to both a voice type and a particular type of opera role. A soubrette voice is light with a bright, sweet timbre, a tessitura in the mid-range, and with no extensive coloratura. The soubrette voice is not a weak voice, for it must carry over an orchestra without a microphone like all voices in opera. The voice, however, has a lighter vocal weight than other soprano voices with a brighter timbre. Many young singers start out as soubrettes, but, as they grow older and the voice matures more physically, they may be reclassified as another voice type, usually either a light lyric soprano, a lyric coloratura soprano, or a coloratura mezzo-soprano. Rarely does a singer remain a soubrette throughout her entire career.<sup id="cite_ref-Stark_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stark-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A soubrette's range extends approximately from Middle C (C<sub>4</sub>) to "high D" (D<sub>6</sub>).<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The tessitura of the soubrette tends to lie a bit lower than the lyric soprano and spinto soprano.<sup id="cite_ref-Boldrey_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Boldrey-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lyric">Lyric</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soprano&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Lyric"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Lyric_soprano" title="Lyric soprano">Lyric soprano</a></div> <p>The lyric soprano is a warm voice with a bright, full timbre, which can be heard over a big orchestra. It generally has a higher tessitura than a soubrette and usually plays <i><a href="/wiki/Ing%C3%A9nue" title="Ingénue">ingénues</a></i> and other sympathetic characters in opera. Lyric sopranos have a range from approximately middle C (C<sub>4</sub>) to "high D" (D<sub>6</sub>).<sup id="cite_ref-Coffin_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Coffin-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The lyric soprano may be a light lyric soprano or a full lyric soprano.<sup id="cite_ref-Boldrey_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Boldrey-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The light lyric soprano has a bigger voice than a soubrette but still possesses a youthful quality.<sup id="cite_ref-Boldrey_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Boldrey-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The full lyric soprano has a more mature sound than a light-lyric soprano and can be heard over a bigger orchestra.<sup id="cite_ref-Boldrey_6-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Boldrey-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Spinto">Spinto</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soprano&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Spinto"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Spinto_soprano" title="Spinto soprano">Spinto soprano</a></div> <p>Also lirico-<a href="/wiki/Spinto" title="Spinto">spinto</a>, Italian for "pushed lyric", the spinto soprano has the brightness and height of a lyric soprano, but can be "pushed" to dramatic climaxes without strain, and may have a somewhat darker timbre. Spinto sopranos have a range from approximately B (B<sub>3</sub>) to "high D" (D<sub>6</sub>).<sup id="cite_ref-Coffin_8-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Coffin-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dramatic">Dramatic</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soprano&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Dramatic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Dramatic_soprano" title="Dramatic soprano">Dramatic soprano</a></div> <p>A dramatic soprano (or <i>soprano robusto</i>) has a powerful, rich, emotive voice that can sing over a full orchestra. Usually (but not always) this voice has a lower tessitura than other sopranos, and a darker timbre. Dramatic sopranos have a range from approximately A (A<sub>3</sub>) to "high C" (C<sub>6</sub>).<sup id="cite_ref-Coffin_8-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Coffin-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some dramatic sopranos, known as Wagnerian sopranos, have a very big voice that can assert itself over an exceptionally large orchestra (over eighty pieces). These voices are substantial and very powerful and ideally even throughout the registers.<sup id="cite_ref-Boldrey_6-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Boldrey-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_types">Other types</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soprano&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Other types"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Two other types of soprano are the <i><a href="/wiki/Louise-Rosalie_Lefebvre" title="Louise-Rosalie Lefebvre">Dugazon</a></i> and the <i><a href="/wiki/Corn%C3%A9lie_Falcon" title="Cornélie Falcon">Falcon</a></i>, which are intermediate voice types between the soprano and the mezzo-soprano: a Dugazon is a darker-colored soubrette, a Falcon a darker-colored soprano drammatico.<sup id="cite_ref-Coffin_8-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Coffin-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soprano&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Sopranos" title="Category:Sopranos">Category of sopranos</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fach" title="Fach">Fach</a></i>, the German system for classifying voices</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voice_classification_in_non-classical_music" title="Voice classification in non-classical music">Voice classification in non-classical music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sopranos_in_non-classical_music" title="List of sopranos in non-classical music">List of sopranos in non-classical music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chronological_list_of_operatic_sopranos" title="Chronological list of operatic sopranos">Chronological list of operatic sopranos</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soprano&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Stark-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Stark_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stark_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFStark2003" class="citation book cs1">Stark, James (2003). <i>Bel Canto: A History of Vocal Pedagogy</i>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Toronto_Press" title="University of Toronto Press">University of Toronto Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8020-8614-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8020-8614-3"><bdi>978-0-8020-8614-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bel+Canto%3A+A+History+of+Vocal+Pedagogy&rft.pub=University+of+Toronto+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-8020-8614-3&rft.aulast=Stark&rft.aufirst=James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASoprano" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAronsonBless2009" class="citation book cs1">Aronson, Arnold Elvin; Bless, Diane M. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wOhkGWBzG2UC&q=%22lyric+soprano%22+%22most+common+female%22&pg=PA278"><i>Clinical Voice Disorders</i></a> (4th ed.). New York: <a href="/wiki/Thieme_Medical_Publishers" title="Thieme Medical Publishers">Thieme Medical Publishers</a>. p. 278. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58890-662-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58890-662-5"><bdi>978-1-58890-662-5</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 November</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Clinical+Voice+Disorders&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=278&rft.edition=4th&rft.pub=Thieme+Medical+Publishers&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-58890-662-5&rft.aulast=Aronson&rft.aufirst=Arnold+Elvin&rft.au=Bless%2C+Diane+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwOhkGWBzG2UC%26q%3D%2522lyric%2Bsoprano%2522%2B%2522most%2Bcommon%2Bfemale%2522%26pg%3DPA278&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASoprano" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-britannica-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-britannica_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-britannica_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-britannica_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-britannica_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-britannica_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/art/soprano">"Soprano"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theopera101.com/operaabc/voices/">"The Opera 101"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 April</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Opera+101&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theopera101.com%2Foperaabc%2Fvoices%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASoprano" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-McKinney-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-McKinney_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McKinney_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMcKinney1994" class="citation book cs1">McKinney, James (1994). <i>The Diagnosis and Correction of Vocal Faults</i>. Genovex Music Group. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-56593-940-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-56593-940-0"><bdi>978-1-56593-940-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Diagnosis+and+Correction+of+Vocal+Faults&rft.pub=Genovex+Music+Group&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-1-56593-940-0&rft.aulast=McKinney&rft.aufirst=James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASoprano" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Boldrey-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Boldrey_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Boldrey_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Boldrey_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Boldrey_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Boldrey_6-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Boldrey_6-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Boldrey_6-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBoldrey1994" class="citation book cs1">Boldrey, Richard (1994). <i>Guide to Operatic Roles and Arias</i>. Caldwell Publishing Company. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-877761-64-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-877761-64-5"><bdi>978-1-877761-64-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Guide+to+Operatic+Roles+and+Arias&rft.pub=Caldwell+Publishing+Company&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-1-877761-64-5&rft.aulast=Boldrey&rft.aufirst=Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASoprano" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Die Frau ohne Schatten</i> vocal score, Dover vocal scores 2003, act 1, scene 2, 5th bar of figure 102, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-486-43127-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-486-43127-4">0-486-43127-4</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Coffin-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Coffin_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Coffin_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Coffin_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Coffin_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Coffin_8-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Coffin_8-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Coffin_8-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCoffin1960" class="citation book cs1">Coffin, Berton (1960). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/singersrepertoir0000coff"><i>Coloratura, Lyric and Dramatic Soprano, Vol. 1</i></a></span>. Rowman & Littlefield. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-0188-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-0188-2"><bdi>978-0-8108-0188-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Coloratura%2C+Lyric+and+Dramatic+Soprano%2C+Vol.+1&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=1960&rft.isbn=978-0-8108-0188-2&rft.aulast=Coffin&rft.aufirst=Berton&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsingersrepertoir0000coff&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASoprano" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAppelman1986" class="citation book cs1">Appelman, D. Ralph (1986). <i>The Science of Vocal Pedagogy: Theory and Application</i>. Indiana University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-253-20378-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-253-20378-6"><bdi>978-0-253-20378-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Science+of+Vocal+Pedagogy%3A+Theory+and+Application&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=978-0-253-20378-6&rft.aulast=Appelman&rft.aufirst=D.+Ralph&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASoprano" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/11/07/arts/music/metropolitan-opera-high-note-exterminating-angel.html">"At the Met Opera, a Note So High, It's Never Been Sung Before"</a> by <a href="/wiki/Zachary_Woolfe" title="Zachary Woolfe">Zachary Woolfe</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>, 7 November 2017</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dolmetsch.com/defsv2.htm">Music Dictionary Vm–Vz: Voice (s.), Voices (pl.) – coloratura-soubrette or soprano lirico leggiero</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dolmetsch" class="mw-redirect" title="Dolmetsch">Dolmetsch</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soprano&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1">Boldrey, Richard (1992). <i>Singer's Edition: Operatic Arias – Light Lyric Soprano</i>. Robert Caldwell, Werner Singer, Joan Wall and Roger Pines. Caldwell Publishing Company. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-877761-02-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-877761-02-7"><bdi>978-1-877761-02-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Singer%27s+Edition%3A+Operatic+Arias+%E2%80%93+Light+Lyric+Soprano&rft.pub=Caldwell+Publishing+Company&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-1-877761-02-7&rft.aulast=Boldrey&rft.aufirst=Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASoprano" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1">Boldrey, Richard (1992). <i>Singer's Edition: Operatic Arias – Soubrette</i>. Robert Caldwell, Werner Singer, Joan Wall and Roger Pines. Caldwell Publishing Company. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-877761-03-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-877761-03-4"><bdi>978-1-877761-03-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Singer%27s+Edition%3A+Operatic+Arias+%E2%80%93+Soubrette&rft.pub=Caldwell+Publishing+Company&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-1-877761-03-4&rft.aulast=Boldrey&rft.aufirst=Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASoprano" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soprano&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style 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template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Range_(music)" title="Template talk:Range (music)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Range_(music)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Range (music)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Musical_range_or_compass_and_register129" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Range_(music)" title="Range (music)">Musical range or compass</a> and <a href="/wiki/Register_(music)" title="Register (music)">register</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vocal_register" title="Vocal register">Vocal register</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Whistle_register" title="Whistle register">Whistle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falsetto" title="Falsetto">Falsetto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modal_voice" title="Modal voice">Modal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vocal_fry_register" title="Vocal fry register">Vocal fry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Voice_type" title="Voice type">Voice type</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boy_soprano" title="Boy soprano">Boy soprano</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Soprano</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coloratura_soprano" title="Coloratura soprano">Coloratura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soubrette" title="Soubrette">Soubrette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyric_soprano" title="Lyric soprano"> Lyric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spinto_soprano" title="Spinto soprano">Spinto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dramatic_soprano" title="Dramatic soprano"> Dramatic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soprano_sfogato" title="Soprano sfogato">Soprano sfogato</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mezzo-soprano" title="Mezzo-soprano">Mezzo-soprano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contralto" title="Contralto">Contralto</a> (<a href="/wiki/Alto" title="Alto">Alto</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castrato" title="Castrato">Castrato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Countertenor" title="Countertenor">Countertenor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sopranist" title="Sopranist">Sopranist</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenor" title="Tenor">Tenor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haute-contre" title="Haute-contre">Haute-contre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenore_contraltino" title="Tenore contraltino">Tenore contraltino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenore_di_grazia" title="Tenore di grazia">Tenore di grazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heldentenor" title="Heldentenor">Heldentenor</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baritenor" title="Baritenor">Baritenor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baritone" title="Baritone">Baritone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bass-baritone" title="Bass-baritone">Bass-baritone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bass_(voice_type)" title="Bass (voice type)">Bass</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basso_profondo" title="Basso profondo">Basso profondo</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sound</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bass_(sound)" title="Bass (sound)">Bass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sub-bass" title="Sub-bass">Sub-bass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treble_(sound)" title="Treble (sound)">Treble</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chest_voice" title="Chest voice">Chest voice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clef" 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