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It is the only stretch of [[Heritage Coast]] on the English coastline between the Welsh and Scottish borders, and is a [[Site of Special Scientific Interest]]. The sea off the Head is protected as part of the [[Cumbria Coast|Cumbria Coast Marine Conservation Zone]]. It lies on two [[long-distance footpaths]], the [[Cumbria Coastal Way]] and [[Alfred Wainwright]]'s [[Coast to Coast Walk]]. Both long-distance footpaths follow the edge of the cliffs, which rise to 90 metres above sea level and have views of the Cumbrian mountains and coast. ==North Head== [[Image:St Bees North Head cliffs.JPG|thumb|The North Head]] The true geographical head is the North Head, which is the most westerly point of [[Northern England]] and is the site of [[St Bees Lighthouse]]. During WW2 a radar station was operated from here, and some of the buildings can still be seen adjacent to the lighthouse. The foghorn building is to the west of the lighthouse, but is now disused. The lighthouse is still operating, but is unmanned. Next to the coastal path north of the lighthouse is Birkhams quarry which is still in use for extracting St Bees sandstone. The rocks on the sea platform at the North Head are now a bouldering area used by climbers, and there are a number of bolted climbing routes on the cliff itself. <ref>{{cite web |title=St Bees Head |url=https://www.thebmc.co.uk/modules/rad/view.aspx?id=146 |website=www.thebmc.co.uk}}</ref> ===Bird reserve=== {{Main article|St Bees Head RSPB reserve}} [[File:Guillemots at St Bees Head.jpg|thumb|Guillemots on the North Head]] The [[Royal Society for the Protection of Birds|RSPB]] maintains a reserve, which includes [[black-legged kittiwake|kittiwake]]s, [[northern fulmar|fulmar]]s, [[common guillemot|guillemots]], [[razorbill]]s, [[great cormorant|cormorants]], [[Atlantic puffin|puffin]]s, [[European shag|shags]] and [[European herring gull|herring gulls]]. It is the only breeding place in England for [[black guillemot]]s. Several other birds are known to use this site regularly for breeding and these include the tawny owl, [[Eurasian sparrowhawk|sparrowhawk]], [[peregrine falcon|peregrine]], [[common raven|raven]] and the [[European rock pipit|rock pipit]], which is known to breed in only one other site in Cumbria. There are observation stations on the North Head footpath. ==South Head== The South Head is known locally as "Tomlin" and dominates the long sandy St Bees Beach. At the top of the footpath from St Bees are the remains of the coastguard lookout. This now has a viewing table in its ruins. ==Fleswick Bay== Between the two headlands is Fleswick Bay. This is accessible only on foot or from the sea, and consists of a shingle beach on a wave-cut platform bounded by high sandstone cliffs. The Coast to Coast Walk descends to the bay en route to the North Head. ==Flora== [[File:Limonium perezii 3.jpg|thumb|Sea Lavender]] The rugged cliff face supports diverse flora mainly due to the nature of the rock formations. Species found lower down are sea pink or thrift (''[[Armeria maritima]]''), common scurvygrass (''[[Cochlearia officinalis]]''), sea campion (''[[Silene uniflora]]''), sea spleenwort (''[[Asplenium marinum]]''), [[rock samphire]] (''[[Crithmum maritimum]]'') and the rare rock sea lavender (''[[Limonium binervosum]]''). Near the cliff top is bloody cranesbill (''[[Geranium sanguineum]]'') wood vetch (''[[Vicia sylvatica]]''), orpine (''[[Sedum telephium]]'') and soft shield-fern (''[[Polystichum setiferum]]''). Along the cliff top, there can be found dyer’s greenweed (''[[Genista tinctoria]]''), western gorse (''[[Ulex gallii]]''), heather (''[[Calluna vulgaris]]'') and bracken (''[[Pteridium aquilinum]]'').<ref name="st b sssi">{{cite web |title=St Bees Head |url=https://designatedsites.naturalengland.org.uk/PDFsForWeb/Citation/1001877.pdf |website=Natural England |accessdate=3 June 2018}}</ref> ==Physical features== The cliffs are composed of a red [[Permian]] and [[Triassic]] sandstone about 200 Million years old. St Bees sandstone was created by water-borne sand and has a very small grain size, making it a very workable stone still much in demand for building. The mica in the stone gives it a sparkling effect. St Bees sandstone occurs as far north as [[Brampton, Carlisle|Brampton]], but it is named after its most prominent outcrop here at St Bees. The [[SSSI]] citation carries a description of the interesting geological features. On the headland itself is evidence of erosional features, wave cut notch and a [[wave-cut platform]]. On St Bees Beach to the south to lessen the effects of [[longshore drift]], a row of nine [[groyne]]s have been put in place. Further south, St Bees Beach is backed by small mud cliffs which are a common place to study the [[glacial moraines]] that formed them.{{fact|date=November 2017}} The shingle both at St Bees and Fleswick bay show a huge variety of glacier-borne stones.<ref name="st b sssi"/> ==Gallery== <gallery mode=packed 120px> Image:Fleswick bay from the St Bees path.jpg|The North Head and [[Fleswick Bay]] seen from the St Bees path Image:Fleswick bay St Bees head.JPG|Fleswick Bay, looking south Image:North cliffs at Fleswick bay.jpg|The north end of Fleswick Bay Image:Isle of Man seen from Fleswick bay.jpg|The [[Isle of Man]] seen from Fleswick Bay Image:St bees head fleswick bay wave cut platform.JPG|Wave-cut platform at Fleswick Bay Image:Fleswick cave.JPG|A cave at Fleswick Bay Image:Sandstone Cliff Formation at Fleswick Bay - geograph.org.uk - 77300.jpg|Sandstone cliff formation at Fleswick Bay </gallery> ==References== <references/> *Lakeland Rocks and Landscape, a Field Guide. The Cumberland Geological Society. Pages 62–68, The Permo-Trias of St Bees Headland, by Tom Shipp. {{ISBN|1-873551-03-7}} *The Lakes - Rock Fax 04. Vertical Brain Publications. {{ISBN|1-873341-15-6}} (Climbing guide) == External links == {{commons category|St Bees Head}} *[http://www.britainexpress.com/countryside/coast/st-bees.htm Guide for visitors] *[http://www.rspb.org.uk/reserves/guide/s/stbeeshead/index.asp RSPB reserve] *[http://www.stbees.org.uk St Bees village web site] *[http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1001877.pdf SSSI citation for St Bees Head] *[http://www.thecumbriadirectory.com/Cumbria_Countryside/Cumbria_Coast/coast_view.php?coast=st_bees_head_heritage_coast The Cumbria Directory - St. Bees Head Heritage Coast] {{DEFAULTSORT:Saint Bees Head}} [[Category:Beaches of Cumbria]] [[Category:Geology of Cumbria]] [[Category:Headlands of England]] [[Category:Landforms of Cumbria]] [[Category:Sites of Special Scientific Interest in Cumbria]] [[Category:Sites of Special Scientific Interest notified in 1959]] [[Category:St Bees]] </textarea><div class="templatesUsed"><div 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