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[r]" accesskey="r"><span>Апошнія зьмены</span></a></li><li id="n-newpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%8D%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%96"><span>Новыя старонкі</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BF%D1%8D%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Месца, каб пра ўсё даведацца"><span>Дапамога</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%9E%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Вікіпэдыя" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-be_x_old.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.3125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="вольная энцыкляпэдыя" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-be_x_old.svg" width="120" height="12" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.75em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%8D%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%88%D1%83%D0%BA" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Шукаць у Вікіпэдыі [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Пошук</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Пошук у Вікіпэдыі" aria-label="Пошук у Вікіпэдыі" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Шукаць у Вікіпэдыі [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Спэцыяльныя:Пошук"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Пошук</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Асабістыя прылады"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Выгляд"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Выгляд" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Выгляд</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_be-x-old.wikipedia.org&uselang=be-tarask" class=""><span>Ахвяраваньні</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%8D%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%86%D1%8C_%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA&returnto=%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Мы прапануем вам стварыць уліковы запіс і ўвайсьці, але гэта не абавязкова" class=""><span>Стварыць уліковы запіс</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%8D%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%A3%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D1%83_%D1%81%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BC%D1%83&returnto=%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Вас запрашаюць увайсьці, хаця гэта і неабавязкова. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Увайсьці</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Болей парамэтраў" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Асабістыя прылады" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Асабістыя прылады</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Карыстацкае мэню" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_be-x-old.wikipedia.org&uselang=be-tarask"><span>Ахвяраваньні</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%8D%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%86%D1%8C_%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA&returnto=%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Мы прапануем вам стварыць уліковы запіс і ўвайсьці, але гэта не абавязкова"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Стварыць уліковы запіс</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%8D%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%A3%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D1%83_%D1%81%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BC%D1%83&returnto=%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Вас запрашаюць увайсьці, хаця гэта і неабавязкова. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Увайсьці</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Старонкі для неаўтарызаваных рэдактараў <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0:%D0%A3%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%8B" aria-label="Даведайцеся пра рэдагаваньне болей"><span>даведацца болей</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%8D%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%91%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Сьпіс рэдагаваньняў, зробленых з гэтага IP-адрасу [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Унёсак</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%8D%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B5_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B" title="Старонка гутарак пра рэдагаваньні, зробленыя з гэтага IP-адрасу [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Гутаркі</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Сайт"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Зьмест" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Зьмест</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">перанесьці ў бакавую панэль</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">схаваць</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Пачатак</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Асаблівасьці" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Асаблівасьці"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Асаблівасьці</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Асаблівасьці-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ужываньне" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ужываньне"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Ужываньне</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ужываньне-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Глядзіце_таксама" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Глядзіце_таксама"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Глядзіце таксама</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Глядзіце_таксама-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Вонкавыя_спасылкі" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Вонкавыя_спасылкі"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Вонкавыя спасылкі</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Вонкавыя_спасылкі-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Зьмест" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Схаваць/паказаць зьмест" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Схаваць/паказаць зьмест</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Суржык</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Перайсьці да артыкула на іншай мове. Выбраць з: 38 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-38" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">38 моваў</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BAryik" title="Súryik — астурыйская" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Súryik" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="астурыйская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Суржык — беларуская" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Суржык" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="беларуская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Суржик — баўгарская" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Суржик" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="баўгарская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sur%C5%BEik" title="Suržik — басьнійская" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Suržik" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="басьнійская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BArjik" title="Súrjik — каталёнская" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Súrjik" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="каталёнская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Суржик — чуваская" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Суржик" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="чуваская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sur%C5%BEyk" title="Suržyk — чэская" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Suržyk" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="чэская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surschyk" title="Surschyk — нямецкая" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Surschyk" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="нямецкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sur%C5%BEik" title="Suržik — эстонская" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Suržik" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="эстонская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surzhyk" title="Surzhyk — ангельская" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Surzhyk" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="ангельская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BArzhik" title="Súrzhik — гішпанская" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Súrzhik" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="гішпанская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sur%C4%B5iko" title="Surĵiko — эспэранта" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Surĵiko" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="эспэранта" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%98%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="سورژیک — пэрсыдзкая" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سورژیک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="пэрсыдзкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sourjyk" title="Sourjyk — француская" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Sourjyk" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="француская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BArzhik" title="Súrzhik — галіцыйская" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Súrzhik" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="галіцыйская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%88%98%EB%A5%B4%EC%A7%80%ED%81%AC%EC%96%B4" title="수르지크어 — карэйская" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="수르지크어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="карэйская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sur%C5%BEik" title="Suržik — харвацкая" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Suržik" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="харвацкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sur%C5%BEik" title="Suržik — італьянская" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Suržik" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="італьянская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%96%27%D7%99%D7%A7" title="סורז'יק — іўрыт" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סורז'יק" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="іўрыт" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sur%C5%BEiks" title="Suržiks — латыская" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Suržiks" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="латыская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sur%C5%BEykas" title="Suržykas — летувіская" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Suržykas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="летувіская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sur%C5%BEik" title="Suržik — Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Suržik" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szurzsik" title="Szurzsik — вугорская" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Szurzsik" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="вугорская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiteny_sorzika" title="Fiteny sorzika — малягасійская" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fiteny sorzika" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="малягасійская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soerzjyk" title="Soerzjyk — нідэрляндзкая" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Soerzjyk" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="нідэрляндзкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B9%E3%83%AB%E3%82%B8%E3%82%AF" title="スルジク — японская" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="スルジク" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="японская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surzjyk" title="Surzjyk — нарвэская (букмал)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Surzjyk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="нарвэская (букмал)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%B3rgic" title="Sórgic — аксытанская" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Sórgic" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="аксытанская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sur%C5%BCyk" title="Surżyk — польская" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Surżyk" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="польская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surjik" title="Surjik — румынская" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Surjik" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="румынская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Суржик — расейская" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Суржик" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="расейская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Суржик — сэрбская" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Суржик" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="сэрбская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sur%C5%BEik" title="Suržik — сэрбскахарвацкая" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Suržik" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="сэрбскахарвацкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sur%C5%BEyk" title="Suržyk — фінская" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Suržyk" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="фінская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="якасны артыкул"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surzjyk" title="Surzjyk — швэдзкая" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Surzjyk" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="швэдзкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Суржик — татарская" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Суржик" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="татарская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Суржик — украінская" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Суржик" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="украінская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E4%BF%84%E8%AA%9E" title="烏俄語 — кітайская" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="烏俄語" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="кітайская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q430396#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Рэдагаваць міжмоўныя спасылкі" class="wbc-editpage">Правіць спасылкі</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Прасторы назваў"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Паказаць зьмест старонкі [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Артыкул</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B5:%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BA" rel="discussion" title="Абмеркаваньне зьместу старонкі [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Абмеркаваньне</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Зьмяніць варыянт мовы" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu 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accesskey="e"><span>Рэдагаваць крыніцу</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BA&action=history" title="Мінулыя вэрсіі гэтай старонкі. 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vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BA"><span>Чытаць</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BA&veaction=edit" title="Рэдагаваць гэтую старонку [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Рэдагаваць</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BA&action=edit" title="Рэдагаваць крынічны тэкст гэтай старонкі [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Рэдагаваць крыніцу</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BA&action=history"><span>Паказаць гісторыю</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Агульныя </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%8D%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%83/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Сьпіс усіх старонак, якія спасылаюцца на гэтую [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Спасылкі на старонку</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%8D%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F:RecentChangesLinked/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BA" rel="nofollow" title="Апошнія зьмены ў старонках, на якія спасылаецца гэтая старонка [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Зьвязаныя рэдагаваньні</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a 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старонку"><span>Цытаваць старонку</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%8D%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fbe-tarask.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25D0%25A1%25D1%2583%25D1%2580%25D0%25B6%25D1%258B%25D0%25BA"><span>Атрымаць скарочаны URL-адрас</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%8D%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fbe-tarask.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25D0%25A1%25D1%2583%25D1%2580%25D0%25B6%25D1%258B%25D0%25BA"><span>Спампаваць QR-код</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Друк/экспарт </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a 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mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Surzhyk" hreflang="en"><span>Вікісховішча</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q430396" title="Спасылка на аб’ект у рэпазыторыі зьвестак [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Аб’ект Вікізьвестак</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Выгляд"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Выгляд</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">перанесьці ў бакавую панэль</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">схаваць</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Зьвесткі зь Вікіпэдыі — вольнай энцыкляпэдыі</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="be-tarask" dir="ltr"><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:SurzhykUseRu.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/SurzhykUseRu.PNG/380px-SurzhykUseRu.PNG" decoding="async" width="380" height="259" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/SurzhykUseRu.PNG/570px-SurzhykUseRu.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e0/SurzhykUseRu.PNG 2x" data-file-width="731" data-file-height="499" /></a><figcaption>Выкарыстаньне суржыку ва Ўкраіне, апытаньне Кіеўскага міжнароднага інстытуту сацыялёгіі, 2003, дадзеныя па макрарэгіёнах</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Су́ржык</b> (<a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Украінская мова">па-ўкраінску</a>: <i><span lang="uk">суржик</span></i>, ад <a href="/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%9E%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Царкоўнаславянская мова">царкоўнаславянскага</a> <i>сурожь</i> — «сумесь рознага зерня з жытам») — моўны фэномэн, які ўзьнікае пры зьмяшэньні <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Расейская мова">расейскай</a> і <a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Украінская мова">ўкраінскай</a> моваў, а дакладней, у выніку напаўненьня ўкраінскай мовы расейскім <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Лексыка">лексыкай</a>, а часам і <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%96%D1%81" title="Сынтаксіс">сынтаксісам</a>. Суржык падобны да такіх моўных зьяваў, як <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Крэольскія мовы (старонка не існуе)">крэольскія мовы</a> і <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BD" title="Піджын">піджыны</a>. </p><p>Ва Ўкраіне першапачаткова тэрмін «суржык» (без дадатковых азначэньняў) выкарыстоўваўся адносна ўкраінска-расейскага моўнага фэномэну, а пазьней яго значэньне пашырылася і цяпер пазначае элемэнты двзьвюх або некалькіх моваў, аб’яднаных штучна, без захаваньня нормаў літаратурнай мовы. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Асаблівасьці"><span id=".D0.90.D1.81.D0.B0.D0.B1.D0.BB.D1.96.D0.B2.D0.B0.D1.81.D1.8C.D1.86.D1.96"></span>Асаблівасьці</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BA&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Рэдагаваць сэкцыю «Асаблівасьці»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>рэдагаваць</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BA&action=edit&section=1" title="Правіць зыходнік раздзела: Асаблівасьці"><span>рэдагаваць крыніцу</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Некаторыя характэрныя праявы суржыку (у параўнаньні з нарматыўнай украінскай мовай): </p> <ul><li><b>ужываньне <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Русізм">русізмаў</a> замест нарматыўных ўкраінскіх адпаведнікаў</b>: <i>даже</i> (навіть), <i>да</i> (так), <i>нє</i> (ні), <i>када</i> (коли), <i>нє нада</i> (не потрібно), <i>єлє</i> (ледве), <i>щас</i>/<i>січас</i> (зараз), <i>всєгда</i> (завжди), <i>нікогда</i> (ніколи), <i>чуть-чуть</i> (трішки), <i>конєшно</i> (звичайно, звісно), <i>навєрно</i> (мабуть), <i>напрімєр</i> (наприклад), <i>допустім</i> (припустимо), <i>мєжду</i> (між), <i>вмєсто</i> (замість), <i>вродє</i>/<i>будто</i> (наче, начебто), <i>імєнно</i> (саме), <i>рядом</i> (поруч), <i>язик</i> (мова), <i>больніца</i> (лікарня), <i>циплята</i> (курчата), <i>предохранітєль</i> (запобіжник), <i>предсідатель</i> (голова), <i>почта</i> (пошта), <i>почтальйон</i> (листоноша) г.д.;</li> <li><b>«украінізаваныя» формы расейскіх дзеясловаў</b>: <i>здєлав</i> (зробив), <i>дівся</i> (подівся), <i>унаслідував</i> (успадкував), <i>получав</i> (отримував), <i>щитав</i> («вважав» або «рахував» у залежнасьці ад кантэксту), <i>отдав</i> (віддав), <i>отключив</i> (вимкнув);</li> <li><b>«украінізаваныя» формы расейскіх лічэбнікаў</b>: <i>вторий/втора</i>;</li> <li><b>зьмешваньне ўкраінскіх і расейскіх формаў нявызначаных займеньнікаў</b>: <i>хто-то</i> (хтось), <i>шо-то</i> (щось), <i>як-то</i> (якось), <i>які-то</i> (якісь), <i>який-то</i> (якийсь), <i>чого-то</i> (чомусь, чогось), <i>кой-шо</i> (щось), <i>кой-які</i> (якісь);</li> <li><b>парушэньне дзеяслоўнага кіраваньня, ужываньне прыназоўнікаў і склонаў на расейскі ўзор</b>: <i>по вулицям</i> замест <i>вулицями</i>, <i>на російській мові</i> замест <i>російською мовою</i>;</li> <li><b>утварэньне найвышэйшай ступені параўнаньня прыметнікаў і прыслоўяў на ўзор расейскай мовы</b>: <i>самий головний</i> (найголовніший), <i>саме важне</i> (найважливіше);</li> <li><b>утварэньне ад украінскіх дзеясловаў актыўных дзеепрыметнікаў на расейскі ўзор</b>: <i>відробивший</i>, <i>прийшовший</i>, <i>зробивший</i> (ва ўкраінскай мове гэтая граматычная форма адсутнічае);</li> <li><b>словы і выразы, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BA%D1%8C%D0%B0_(%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Калкьа (лінгвістыка) (старонка не існуе)">калькаваныя</a> з расейскай</b>: <i>міроприємство</i>, <i>прийняти міри</i>, <i>прийняти участь</i>, <i>до цих пір</i>, <i>так як</i>, <i>бувший у користуванні</i>, <i>на протязі</i>;</li> <li><b>у <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8D%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Фанэтыка">вымаўленьні</a> — рэдукцыя не<a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D1%81%D0%BA" title="Націск">націскных</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Галосн (старонка не існуе)">галосных</a>, аглушэньне звонкіх <a href="/wiki/%D0%97%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="Зычны">зычных</a>, замена [дж] і [дз] на [ж] і [з], таксама адсутнасьць чаргаваньня [к]/[ц], зрух націску на расейскі ўзор</b>: <i>када</i>, <i>розгаварювать</i>, <i>росписуваться</i>, <i>звонять</i>, <i>нахожуся</i>, <i>жінкє</i>, <i>в восьмирічкі</i>, <i>говоря́ть</i>), <b>адсутнасьць чаргаваньня «о/і» або «е/і»</b> <i>корова/коров</i>, <i>голова/голов</i> замест <i>корів</i>, <i>голів</i>;</li> <li><b>актыўнае выкарыстаньне [е] (<a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Украінская мова">па-ўкраінску</a>: <i><span lang="uk">«є»</span></i>) у пазыцыі пасьля зычнай, асабліва ў расейскіх запазычаньнях і пад націскам</b>: <i>пєрвий</i>, <i>дєлають</i>, <i>свєт</i>, <i>архітєктор</i>, <i>Вєра</i>, <i>шалфєй</i> і гэтак далей.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ужываньне"><span id=".D0.A3.D0.B6.D1.8B.D0.B2.D0.B0.D0.BD.D1.8C.D0.BD.D0.B5"></span>Ужываньне</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BA&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Рэдагаваць сэкцыю «Ужываньне»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>рэдагаваць</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BA&action=edit&section=2" title="Правіць зыходнік раздзела: Ужываньне"><span>рэдагаваць крыніцу</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Расейска-ўкраінскі суржык распаўсюджаны ў побытавых зносінах жыхароў многіх рэгіёнаў Украіны, а таксама мясцовасьцяў на тэрыторыі <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%8F" title="Расея">Расеі</a>, дзе пражывае ўкраінскае насельніцтва — на Старадубшчыне, Куршчыне, Падоньні, Кубані, Стаўрапольшчыне, Цершчыне, Паволжы, Паўральлі, Заходняй Сыбіры і іншых. Ва Ўкраіне суржык мае найбольшае распаўсюджаньне ў рэгіёнах шырокага выкарыстаньня расейскай мовы ў гарадох — Усход, Поўдзень. У пераважна ўкраінскамоўных рэгіёнах ягонае выкарыстаньне рэзка звужанае. </p><p>Паводле дадзеных дасьледаваньняў Кіеўскага міжнароднага інстытуту сацыялёгіі, у 2003 годзе распаўсюджанасьць «суржыкамоўнасьці» сярод дарослага насельніцтва розных рэгіёнаў Украіны складала ад 2,5% (Заходні рэгіён) да 21,7% (Усходне-Цэнтральны рэгіён), а ў цэлым па Ўкраіне — каля 12%. Але варта ўлічваць, што празь відавочныя праблемы з правядзеньнем выразнай мяжы паміж «суржыкамоўнасьцю», ужываньнем асобных элемэнтаў суржыку і «чыстай» ўкраінамоўнасьцю альбо расейскамоўнасьцю такія ацэнкі могуць быць толькі прыблізнымі. </p><p>Варта таксама зьвярнуць увагу на існаваньне спрадвечных <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82" title="Дыялект">дыялектаў</a>, якія былі прамежкавымі паміж дыялектамі старажытнарускай мовы і склалі аснову сучасных літаратурных украінскай і расейскай моваў. Гэтыя дыялекты могуць утрымліваць некаторыя пераходныя расейска-ўкраінскія рысы, але ў лінгвістыцы не адносяцца да суржыку. Паходжаньне суржыку звычайна трактуецца гісторыкамі як вынік узаемадзеньняў у прамысловых цэнтрах паўднёвага ўсходу Ўкраіны канца <a href="/wiki/19_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%8C%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="19 стагодзьдзе">XIX</a> ст. Гэта ў некаторай ступені збліжае сутнасьць суржыку з <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Трасянка">трасянкай</a>, зь ёю суржык таксама падзяляе прыроду ўласнай структуры (кантактаваньне дзьвюх блізкароднасных моваў). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Глядзіце_таксама"><span id=".D0.93.D0.BB.D1.8F.D0.B4.D0.B7.D1.96.D1.86.D0.B5_.D1.82.D0.B0.D0.BA.D1.81.D0.B0.D0.BC.D0.B0"></span>Глядзіце таксама</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BA&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Рэдагаваць сэкцыю «Глядзіце таксама»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>рэдагаваць</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BA&action=edit&section=3" title="Правіць зыходнік раздзела: Глядзіце таксама"><span>рэдагаваць крыніцу</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Трасянка">Трасянка</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Вонкавыя_спасылкі"><span id=".D0.92.D0.BE.D0.BD.D0.BA.D0.B0.D0.B2.D1.8B.D1.8F_.D1.81.D0.BF.D0.B0.D1.81.D1.8B.D0.BB.D0.BA.D1.96"></span>Вонкавыя спасылкі</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BA&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Рэдагаваць сэкцыю «Вонкавыя спасылкі»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>рэдагаваць</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BA&action=edit&section=4" title="Правіць зыходнік раздзела: Вонкавыя спасылкі"><span>рэдагаваць крыніцу</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090406133453/http://arche.by/by/12/20/476/">Ігар Клімаў Беларуская трасянка і ўкраінскі суржык вачыма навукоўцаў</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://yak-my-hovorymo.wikidot.com/">«Як мы кажам»</a> <small class="ref-info" style="cursor:help;" title="ўкраінскай мовай">(укр.)</small> — пра памылковае словаўжываньне, памылкі лексічнага і фразеалягічнага характару.</li></ul> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Палітыка_русіфікацыі_на_акупаваных_Расеяй_тэрыторыях_у_XVIII—XX_стагодзьдзях" style="hlist;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2346563">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output 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padding:0;">п</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-абмеркаваньне"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%B1%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%91%D0%BD%D1%83:%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%96%D1%84%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Абмеркаваньне шаблёну:Русіфікацыя (старонка не існуе)"><abbr title="Абмеркаваць шаблён" style=";;background:transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">а</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-рэдагаваць"><a class="external text" href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%91%D0%BD:%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%96%D1%84%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F&action=edit"><abbr title="Рэдагаваць шаблён" style=";;background:transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">р</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Палітыка_русіфікацыі_на_акупаваных_Расеяй_тэрыторыях_у_XVIII—XX_стагодзьдзях" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 4em">Палітыка <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%96%D1%84%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Русіфікацыя">русіфікацыі</a> на акупаваных Расеяй тэрыторыях у XVIII—XX стагодзьдзях</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Паводле акупаваных тэрыторыяў</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%96%D1%84%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%96" title="Русіфікацыя Беларусі">Беларусь</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%96%D1%84%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%96_%D1%9E_%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D1%96%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Русіфікацыя Беларусі ў архітэктуры">у архітэктуры</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%96%D1%84%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Русіфікацыя Малдовы (старонка не існуе)">Бэсарабія/Малдова</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%96%D1%84%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%86%D1%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Русіфікацыя Жамойці (старонка не існуе)">Жамойць</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%96%D1%84%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC%D1%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Русіфікацыя Крыму (старонка не існуе)">Крым</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%96%D1%84%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Русіфікацыя Латвіі (старонка не існуе)">Латвія</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%96%D1%84%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D1%87%D1%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Русіфікацыя Польшчы (старонка не існуе)">Польшча</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%96%D1%84%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%8E%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Русіфікацыя Ўкраіны (старонка не існуе)">Украіна</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%96%D1%84%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%A4%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Русіфікацыя Фінляндыі (старонка не існуе)">Фінляндыя</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%96%D1%84%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Русіфікацыя Эстоніі (старонка не існуе)">Эстонія</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Арганізатары і праваднікі русіфікацыі</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9_I" title="Мікалай I">Мікалай I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80_II" title="Аляксандар II">Аляксандар II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%96%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%96%D0%BB_%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%9E%D1%91%D1%9E" title="Міхаіл Мураўёў">Міхаіл Мураўёў</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%81%D1%81%D1%96%D1%84_(%D0%A1%D1%8F%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Ёсіф (Сямашка)">Ёсіф Сямашка</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D1%91%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B5%D1%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Пётар Валуеў (старонка не існуе)">Пётар Валуеў</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80_III&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Аляксандар III (старонка не існуе)">Аляксандар III</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Мікалай Бобрыкаў (старонка не існуе)">Мікалай Бобрыкаў</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%81%D1%81%D1%96%D1%84_%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD" title="Ёсіф Сталін">Ёсіф Сталін</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%A5%D1%80%D1%83%D1%88%D1%87%D0%BE%D1%9E" title="Мікіта Хрушчоў">Мікіта Хрушчоў</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B4_%D0%91%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%9E" title="Леанід Брэжнеў">Леанід Брэжнеў</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Аляксандар Лукашэнка">Аляксандар Лукашэнка</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Змагары з русіфікацыяй</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%83%D1%81%D1%8C_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%9E%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Кастусь Каліноўскі">Кастусь Каліноўскі</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4_%D0%9C%D1%8D%D1%85%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Леапольд Мэхэлін (старонка не існуе)">Леапольд Мэхэлін</a><span class="link-be-x-old" style="font-size:80%; margin-left:.2em; position: relative; top: -.4em;">(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leo_Mechelin" class="extiw" title="en:Leo Mechelin">en</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AD%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%91%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Эдуард Палён (старонка не існуе)">Эдуард Палён</a><span class="link-be-x-old" style="font-size:80%; margin-left:.2em; position: relative; top: -.4em;">(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eduard_Pol%C3%B3n" class="extiw" title="en:Eduard Polón">en</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%8D%D1%80_%D0%AD%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B4_%D0%A1%D1%8C%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%B4" title="Пэр Эвінд Сьвінгувуд">Пэр Эвінд Сьвінгувуд</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0_%D0%93%D1%96%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Алекса Гірнык (старонка не існуе)">Алекса Гірнык</a><span class="link-be-x-old" style="font-size:80%; margin-left:.2em; position: relative; top: -.4em;">(<a 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