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<span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-High-speed_rail" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#High-speed_rail"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>High-speed rail</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-High-speed_rail-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Night_trains" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Night_trains"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Night trains</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Night_trains-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Intercity_trains" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Intercity_trains"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Intercity trains</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Intercity_trains-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Regional_trains" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Regional_trains"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Regional trains</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Regional_trains-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Stations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Stations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Stations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rapid_transit" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rapid_transit"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Rapid transit</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Rapid_transit-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Rapid transit subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Rapid_transit-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Metro" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Metro"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Metro</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Metro-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Commuter_rail" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Commuter_rail"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Commuter rail</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Commuter_rail-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Airport_shuttles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Airport_shuttles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Airport shuttles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Airport_shuttles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tram" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tram"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.4</span> <span>Tram</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tram-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tram-train" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tram-train"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.5</span> <span>Tram-train</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tram-train-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rail_links_to_adjacent_countries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rail_links_to_adjacent_countries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Rail links to adjacent countries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rail_links_to_adjacent_countries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Heritage_railways" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Heritage_railways"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Heritage railways</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Heritage_railways-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Funding" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Funding"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Funding</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Funding-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Categories_and_types_of_trains" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Categories_and_types_of_trains"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Categories and types of trains</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Categories_and_types_of_trains-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Main_stations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Main_stations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Main stations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Main_stations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span 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Available in 13 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-13" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">13 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_per_ferrocarril_d%27It%C3%A0lia" title="Transport per ferrocarril d'Itàlia – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Transport per ferrocarril d'Itàlia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferrocarril_en_Italia" title="Ferrocarril en Italia – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ferrocarril en Italia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_ferroviaire_en_Italie" title="Transport ferroviaire en Italie – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Transport ferroviaire en Italie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%ED%83%88%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84%EC%9D%98_%EC%B2%A0%EB%8F%84" title="이탈리아의 철도 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="이탈리아의 철도" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trasporto_ferroviario_in_Italia" title="Trasporto ferroviario in Italia – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Trasporto ferroviario in Italia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olaszorsz%C3%A1g_vas%C3%BAti_k%C3%B6zleked%C3%A9se" title="Olaszország vasúti közlekedése – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Olaszország vasúti közlekedése" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%82%BF%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A2%E3%81%AE%E9%89%84%E9%81%93" title="イタリアの鉄道 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="イタリアの鉄道" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jernbane_i_Italia" title="Jernbane i Italia – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Jernbane i Italia" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_kolejowy_we_W%C5%82oszech" title="Transport kolejowy we Włoszech – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Transport kolejowy we Włoszech" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%B2_%D0%98%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Железнодорожный транспорт в Италии – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Железнодорожный транспорт в Италии" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Italy" title="Rail transport in Italy – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Rail transport in Italy" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">Italy</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Frecciarossa_and_E.444R_at_Milano_Centrale.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Frecciarossa_and_E.444R_at_Milano_Centrale.jpg/350px-Frecciarossa_and_E.444R_at_Milano_Centrale.jpg" decoding="async" width="350" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Frecciarossa_and_E.444R_at_Milano_Centrale.jpg/525px-Frecciarossa_and_E.444R_at_Milano_Centrale.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Frecciarossa_and_E.444R_at_Milano_Centrale.jpg/700px-Frecciarossa_and_E.444R_at_Milano_Centrale.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7882" data-file-height="2672" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">A <i><a href="/wiki/Frecciarossa" title="Frecciarossa">frecciarossa</a></i> high-speed train next to an older <a href="/wiki/FS_Class_E.444" title="FS Class E.444">E.444R</a> at <a href="/wiki/Milano_Centrale_railway_station" title="Milano Centrale railway station">Milano Centrale</a></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef;">Operation</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">National railway</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ferrovie_dello_Stato" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferrovie dello Stato">Ferrovie dello Stato</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Major operators</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Trenitalia" title="Trenitalia">Trenitalia</a> <small>(national)</small><br /><a href="/wiki/Nuovo_Trasporto_Viaggiatori" title="Nuovo Trasporto Viaggiatori">Nuovo Trasporto Viaggiatori</a> <small>(national)</small><br /><a href="/wiki/Trenord" title="Trenord">Trenord</a> <small>(local)</small><br /><a href="/wiki/Trenitalia_Tper" title="Trenitalia Tper">Trenitalia Tper</a> <small>(local)</small> <br /><a href="/wiki/Thello" class="mw-redirect" title="Thello">Thello</a> <small>(international)</small><br /><a href="/wiki/Mercitalia" title="Mercitalia">Mercitalia</a> <small>(freight)</small></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef;">Statistics</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Ridership" class="mw-redirect" title="Ridership">Ridership</a></th><td class="infobox-data">883.3 million <small>(2019)</small><sup id="cite_ref-europaeu_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-europaeu-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef;">System length</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Total</th><td class="infobox-data">16,832 km (10,459 mi)<sup id="cite_ref-rete_rfi_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rete_rfi-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Double_track" class="mw-redirect" title="Double track">Double track</a></th><td class="infobox-data">7,734 km (4,806 mi)<sup id="cite_ref-rete_rfi_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rete_rfi-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef;"><a href="/wiki/Track_gauge" title="Track gauge">Track gauge</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Main</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap">1,435 mm</span> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><span class="nowrap">4 ft <span class="frac">8<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> in</span>) <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Standard_gauge" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard gauge">standard gauge</a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef;"><a href="/wiki/Railway_electrification" title="Railway electrification">Electrification</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">3 kV DC</th><td class="infobox-data">conventional lines<sup id="cite_ref-rete_rfi_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rete_rfi-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">25 kV AC</th><td class="infobox-data">high-speed lines<sup id="cite_ref-rete_rfi_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rete_rfi-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Italian railway system</b> is one of the most important parts of the <a href="/wiki/Infrastructure" title="Infrastructure">infrastructure</a> of Italy, with a total length<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of 24,567 km (15,265 mi) of which active lines are 16,832 km (10,459 mi).<sup id="cite_ref-rete_rfi_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rete_rfi-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The network has recently grown with the construction of the new <a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail_in_Italy" title="High-speed rail in Italy">high-speed rail network</a>. Italy is a member of the <a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Railways" title="International Union of Railways">International Union of Railways</a> (UIC). The <a href="/wiki/UIC_Country_Code" class="mw-redirect" title="UIC Country Code">UIC Country Code</a> for Italy is 83. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_network">The network</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rail_transport_in_Italy&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: The network"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Narrow-gauge_railways_in_Italy" title="Narrow-gauge railways in Italy">Narrow-gauge railways in Italy</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Italy_TAV.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Italy_TAV.png/220px-Italy_TAV.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="271" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Italy_TAV.png/330px-Italy_TAV.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Italy_TAV.png/440px-Italy_TAV.png 2x" data-file-width="1649" data-file-height="2031" /></a><figcaption>Map of Italian high-speed and higher speed rail network</figcaption></figure> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Rete_Ferroviaria_Italiana" title="Rete Ferroviaria Italiana">RFI</a></i> (<i>Rete Ferroviaria Italiana</i>, Italian Rail Network), a state owned <a href="/wiki/Railway_infrastructure_manager" title="Railway infrastructure manager">infrastructure manager</a> which administers most of the Italian rail infrastructure. The Italian railway system has a length of 19,394 km (12,051 mi), of which 18,071 km (11,229 mi) <a href="/wiki/Standard_gauge" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard gauge">standard gauge</a>. The active lines are 16,723 km (10,391 mi),<sup id="cite_ref-rete_rfi_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rete_rfi-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of which 7,505 km (4,663 mi) are double tracks.<sup id="cite_ref-rete_rfi_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rete_rfi-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Italy has 2,507 people and 12.46 km<sup>2</sup> per kilometer of rail track, giving Italy the world's 13th-largest rail network.<sup id="cite_ref-network-size_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-network-size-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Lines are divided into 3 categories: </p> <ul><li><i>fundamental lines</i> (<i>fondamentali</i>), which have high traffic and good infrastructure quality, comprise all the main lines between major cities throughout the country. Fundamental lines are 6,460 km (4,010 mi) long;</li> <li><i>complementary lines</i> (<i>complementari</i>), which have less traffic and are responsible for connecting medium or small regional centers. Most of these lines are single track and some are not electrified;</li> <li><i>node lines</i> (<i>di nodo</i>), which link complementary and fundamental lines near metropolitan areas for a total 950 km (590 mi).<sup id="cite_ref-rete_rfi_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rete_rfi-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Most of the Italian network is electrified (11,921 km (7,407 mi)). Electric system is 3 kV <a href="/wiki/Direct_Current" class="mw-redirect" title="Direct Current">DC</a> on conventional lines and <a href="/wiki/25_kV_AC_railway_electrification" title="25 kV AC railway electrification">25 kV AC</a> on high-speed lines.<sup id="cite_ref-elet_rfi_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-elet_rfi-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A major part of the Italian rail network is managed and operated by <i><a href="/wiki/Rete_Ferroviaria_Italiana" title="Rete Ferroviaria Italiana">RFI</a></i> (<i>Rete Ferroviaria Italiana</i>, Italian Rail Network). Other regional agencies, mostly owned by public entities such as <a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Italy" title="Regions of Italy">regional governments</a>, operate on the Italian network. </p><p>Travellers who often make use of the railway during their stay in Italy might use Rail Passes, such as the European Inter-Rail or Italy's national and regional passes. These rail passes allow travellers the freedom to use regional trains during the validity period, but all high-speed and intercity trains require a 10-euro reservation fee. Regional passes, such as "Io viaggio ovunque Lombardia", offer one-day, multiple-day and monthly period of validity. There are also saver passes for adults, who travel as a group, with savings up to 20%. Foreign travellers should purchase these passes in advance, so that the passes could be delivered by post prior to the trip. When using the rail passes, the date of travel needs to be filled in before boarding the trains.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Main_branch_map_of_the_Ferrovie_Nord_Milano_railway_line.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/93/Main_branch_map_of_the_Ferrovie_Nord_Milano_railway_line.gif/220px-Main_branch_map_of_the_Ferrovie_Nord_Milano_railway_line.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/93/Main_branch_map_of_the_Ferrovie_Nord_Milano_railway_line.gif/330px-Main_branch_map_of_the_Ferrovie_Nord_Milano_railway_line.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/93/Main_branch_map_of_the_Ferrovie_Nord_Milano_railway_line.gif/440px-Main_branch_map_of_the_Ferrovie_Nord_Milano_railway_line.gif 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="573" /></a><figcaption>Map of the main branch of the <a href="/wiki/Ferrovie_Nord_Milano" title="Ferrovie Nord Milano">Ferrovie Nord Milano</a> lines</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rete_Ferrovie_Emilia-Romagna.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Rete_Ferrovie_Emilia-Romagna.png/220px-Rete_Ferrovie_Emilia-Romagna.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Rete_Ferrovie_Emilia-Romagna.png/330px-Rete_Ferrovie_Emilia-Romagna.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Rete_Ferrovie_Emilia-Romagna.png/440px-Rete_Ferrovie_Emilia-Romagna.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="531" /></a><figcaption>Marked in red, <a href="/wiki/Ferrovie_Emilia_Romagna" title="Ferrovie Emilia Romagna">Ferrovie Emilia Romagna</a>'s railroad network</figcaption></figure> <p>Companies certified to run railways in Italy are: </p> <dl><dt>From 2000</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ferrovie_dello_Stato" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferrovie dello Stato">Ferrovie dello Stato</a> S.p. A.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trenitalia" title="Trenitalia">Trenitalia</a> S.p. A.</li></ul> <dl><dt>From 2001</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Metronapoli" title="Metronapoli">Metronapoli</a> S.p. A.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferrovie_Nord_Milano" title="Ferrovie Nord Milano">Ferrovie Nord Milano</a> Esercizio S.p. A.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rail_Traction_Company&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rail Traction Company (page does not exist)">Rail Traction Company</a> S.p. A.</li></ul> <dl><dt>From 2002</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Del_Fungo_Giera_Servizi_Ferroviari&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Del Fungo Giera Servizi Ferroviari (page does not exist)">Del Fungo Giera Servizi Ferroviari</a> S.p. A.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gruppo_Torinese_Trasporti" title="Gruppo Torinese Trasporti">Gruppo Torinese Trasporti</a> S.p. A.(ex <a href="/w/index.php?title=SATTI&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SATTI (page does not exist)">SATTI</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SERFER_Servizi_Ferroviari&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SERFER Servizi Ferroviari (page does not exist)">SERFER Servizi Ferroviari</a> S.r.l.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hupac" title="Hupac">Hupac</a> S.p. A.</li></ul> <dl><dt>From 2003</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ferrovie_Emilia_Romagna" title="Ferrovie Emilia Romagna">Ferrovie Emilia Romagna</a> S.r.l.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=La_Ferroviaria_Italiana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="La Ferroviaria Italiana (page does not exist)">La Ferroviaria Italiana</a> S.p. A.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cargo_Nord&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cargo Nord (page does not exist)">Cargo Nord</a> S.r.l.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferrovia_Sangritana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ferrovia Sangritana (page does not exist)">Ferrovie Adriatico Sangritana</a> S.r.l.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sistemi_Territoriali" title="Sistemi Territoriali">Sistemi Territoriali</a> S.p. A.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strade_Ferrate_del_Mediterraneo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Strade Ferrate del Mediterraneo (page does not exist)">Strade Ferrate del Mediterraneo</a> S.r.l.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Swiss_Rail_Cargo_Italy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Swiss Rail Cargo Italy (page does not exist)">Swiss Rail Cargo Italy</a> S.r.l.</li></ul> <dl><dt>From 2004</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SBB_Cargo_Italia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SBB Cargo Italia (page does not exist)">SBB Cargo Italia</a> S.r.l.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferrovie_Nord_Cargo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ferrovie Nord Cargo (page does not exist)">Ferrovie Nord Cargo</a> S.r.l.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Azienda_Consorziale_Trasporti_di_Reggio_Emilia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Azienda Consorziale Trasporti di Reggio Emilia (page does not exist)">Azienda Consorziale Trasporti di Reggio Emilia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferrovia_Alifana_e_Benevento_Napoli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ferrovia Alifana e Benevento Napoli (page does not exist)">Ferrovia Alifana e Benevento Napoli</a> S.r.l.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferrovie_Nord_Milano" title="Ferrovie Nord Milano">Ferrovie Nord Milano</a> Trasporti S.r.l.</li></ul> <dl><dt>From 2005</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trasporto_Ferroviario_Toscano&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trasporto Ferroviario Toscano (page does not exist)">Trasporto Ferroviario Toscano</a> S.p. A. (La Ferroviaria Italiana S.p. A.)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferrovie_Centrali_Umbre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ferrovie Centrali Umbre (page does not exist)">Ferrovie Centrali Umbre</a> S.r.l.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Railion_Italia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Railion Italia (page does not exist)">Railion Italia</a> S.r.l. (ex S.F.M.)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rail_One&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rail One (page does not exist)">Rail One</a> S.p. A.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Azienda_Trasporti_Collettivi_e_Mobilit%C3%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Azienda Trasporti Collettivi e Mobilità (page does not exist)">Azienda Trasporti Collettivi e Mobilità</a> S.p. A.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=A.T.C._Bologna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="A.T.C. Bologna (page does not exist)">A.T.C. Bologna</a> S.p. A.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monferail&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monferail (page does not exist)">Monferail</a> S.r.l.</li></ul> <dl><dt>From 2006</dt></dl> <ul><li>SAD - Trasporto Locale S.p.A.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nord_Cargo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nord Cargo (page does not exist)">Nord Cargo</a> S.r.l. (ex Ferrovie Nord Cargo S.r.l.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arenaways" title="Arenaways">Arenaways</a> S.p.A.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rail_transport_in_Italy&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_rail_transport_in_Italy" title="History of rail transport in Italy">History of rail transport in Italy</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:388px;max-width:388px"><div class="trow"><div class="theader">Rail network in Italy 1861-1870</div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:192px;max-width:192px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Italia_ferrovie_1861.03.17.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Italia_ferrovie_1861.03.17.png/190px-Italia_ferrovie_1861.03.17.png" decoding="async" width="190" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Italia_ferrovie_1861.03.17.png/285px-Italia_ferrovie_1861.03.17.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Italia_ferrovie_1861.03.17.png/380px-Italia_ferrovie_1861.03.17.png 2x" data-file-width="1269" data-file-height="1500" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Network as of 17 March 1861</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:192px;max-width:192px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Italia_ferrovie_1870_09_20.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Italia_ferrovie_1870_09_20.png/190px-Italia_ferrovie_1870_09_20.png" decoding="async" width="190" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Italia_ferrovie_1870_09_20.png/285px-Italia_ferrovie_1870_09_20.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Italia_ferrovie_1870_09_20.png/380px-Italia_ferrovie_1870_09_20.png 2x" data-file-width="1269" data-file-height="1500" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Network as of 20 September 1870</div></div></div></div></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sede_Centrale_FS.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Sede_Centrale_FS.jpg/220px-Sede_Centrale_FS.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Sede_Centrale_FS.jpg/330px-Sede_Centrale_FS.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Sede_Centrale_FS.jpg/440px-Sede_Centrale_FS.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1631" data-file-height="1239" /></a><figcaption>Head office of the <a href="/wiki/Ferrovie_dello_Stato" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferrovie dello Stato">Ferrovie dello Stato</a> in Rome</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Etr500.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Etr500.JPG/220px-Etr500.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Etr500.JPG/330px-Etr500.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Etr500.JPG/440px-Etr500.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="1728" /></a><figcaption>An <a href="/wiki/ETR_500" class="mw-redirect" title="ETR 500">ETR 500</a> train running on the <a href="/wiki/Florence%E2%80%93Rome_high-speed_railway" title="Florence–Rome high-speed railway">Florence–Rome high-speed line</a> near <a href="/wiki/Arezzo" title="Arezzo">Arezzo</a>, the first high-speed railway opened in Europe<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:FS-TI_ALn_501_Vigodarzere-080105.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/FS-TI_ALn_501_Vigodarzere-080105.jpg/220px-FS-TI_ALn_501_Vigodarzere-080105.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/FS-TI_ALn_501_Vigodarzere-080105.jpg/330px-FS-TI_ALn_501_Vigodarzere-080105.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/FS-TI_ALn_501_Vigodarzere-080105.jpg/440px-FS-TI_ALn_501_Vigodarzere-080105.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2536" data-file-height="1691" /></a><figcaption>An Italian local train Minuetto</figcaption></figure> <p>The first line to be built on the peninsula was the <a href="/wiki/Naples%E2%80%93Portici_railway_line" class="mw-redirect" title="Naples–Portici railway line">Naples–Portici line</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Two_Sicilies" title="Kingdom of the Two Sicilies">Kingdom of the Two Sicilies</a>, which was 7.64 km (4.75 mi) long and was inaugurated on 3 October 1839, nine years after the world's first "modern" inter-city railway, the <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_and_Manchester_Railway" title="Liverpool and Manchester Railway">Liverpool and Manchester Railway</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The following year the firm Holzhammer of <a href="/wiki/Bolzano" title="Bolzano">Bolzano</a> was granted the "Imperial-Royal privilege" to build the <a href="/wiki/Milan%E2%80%93Monza_railway_line" class="mw-redirect" title="Milan–Monza railway line">Milano–Monza line</a> (12 km (7.5 mi)), the second railway built in Italy, in the then <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Lombardy%E2%80%93Venetia" title="Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia">Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia</a>, a part of the <a href="/wiki/Austrian_Empire" title="Austrian Empire">Austrian Empire</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the creation of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy" title="Kingdom of Italy">Kingdom of Italy</a> in 1861, a project was started to build a network from the <a href="/wiki/Alps" title="Alps">Alps</a> to <a href="/wiki/Sicily" title="Sicily">Sicily</a>, in order to connect the country. After unification, construction of new lines was boosted: in 1875, with the completion of the section <a href="/wiki/Orte" title="Orte">Orte</a>-<a href="/wiki/Orvieto" title="Orvieto">Orvieto</a>, the direct <a href="/wiki/Florence%E2%80%93Rome_railway" title="Florence–Rome railway">Florence–Rome line</a> was completed, reducing the travel time of the former route passing through <a href="/wiki/Foligno" title="Foligno">Foligno</a>-Terontola.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Private companies were definitively bought back by the Italian state on 1 July 1905, with the creation of the <a href="/wiki/Ferrovie_dello_Stato" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferrovie dello Stato">Ferrovie dello Stato</a> (State Railways), or FFSS, with a total of 10,557 km (6,560 mi) of lines, of which it already owned 9,686 km (6,019 mi). The move was completed the following year with the acquisition of the remaining SFM network: by then FFSS possessed 13,075 km (8,124 mi) of lines, of which 1,917 km (1,191 mi) with double tracks.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The period from 1922 to 1939 was heavy with important construction and modernisation programmes for the Italian railways, which also incorporated 400 km (250 mi) from the <i>Ferrovie Reali Sarde</i> of <a href="/wiki/Sardinia" title="Sardinia">Sardinia</a>. The most important programme was that of the <a href="/wiki/Rome%E2%80%93Formia%E2%80%93Naples_railway" title="Rome–Formia–Naples railway">Rome–Naples</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bologna%E2%80%93Florence_railway" title="Bologna–Florence railway">Bologna–Florence</a> <i>direttissimas</i> ("most direct lines"): the first reduced the travel time from the two cities by an hour and a half; the second, announced proudly as "constructing <a href="/wiki/Italian_Fascism" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Fascism">Fascism</a>", included the second longest tunnel in the world at the time.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Electrification on 3,000 V direct current was introduced, which later supplanted the existing three-phase system. Other improvements included automatic blocks, light signals, construction of numerous main stations (<a href="/wiki/Milan_Central_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Milan Central railway station">Milan Central</a>, Napoli Mergellina, Roma Ostiense and others) and other technical modernisations. The first high-speed train was the Italian <a href="/wiki/ETR_200" class="mw-redirect" title="ETR 200">ETR 200</a>, which in July 1939 went from <a href="/wiki/Milan" title="Milan">Milan</a> to <a href="/wiki/Florence" title="Florence">Florence</a> at 165 km/h (105 mph), with a top speed of 203 km/h (126 mph).<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With this service, the railway was able to compete with the upcoming airplanes. The <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a> stopped these services. </p><p>After World War II, Italy started to repair the damaged railways, and built nearly 20,000 km (12,000 mi) of new tracks. Entire lines were out of action and much of the rolling stock destroyed. Thanks to the <a href="/wiki/Marshall_Plan" title="Marshall Plan">Marshall Plan</a>, in the following years they could be rebuilt, although the possibility of reorganizing the network was missed due to short-sighted policies.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The main <a href="/wiki/Battipaglia" title="Battipaglia">Battipaglia</a>-<a href="/wiki/Reggio_Calabria" title="Reggio Calabria">Reggio Calabria</a> line (running along the west coast) was doubled, while a program of updating of infrastructures, superstructures, services, colour-light signalling and cars was updated or extended. The three-phase lines were gradually turned into standard 3,000 V dc lines. </p><p>Increasing numbers of steam locomotives were replaced by electric or diesel ones; in the 1960s also the first unified passenger cars appeared and the first attempts of interoperability with foreign companies were started, culminating in the creation of <a href="/wiki/Trans_Europe_Express" class="mw-redirect" title="Trans Europe Express">Trans Europe Express</a> services. Nowadays the <a href="/wiki/Rail_tracks" class="mw-redirect" title="Rail tracks">rail tracks</a> and infrastructure are managed by <a href="/wiki/Rete_Ferroviaria_Italiana" title="Rete Ferroviaria Italiana">Rete Ferroviaria Italiana</a> (RFI),<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while the train and the passenger section is managed mostly by <a href="/wiki/Trenitalia" title="Trenitalia">Trenitalia</a>. Both are <a href="/wiki/Ferrovie_dello_Stato" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferrovie dello Stato">Ferrovie dello Stato</a> (FS) subsidiaries, once the only train operator in Italy. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="High-speed_rail">High-speed rail</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rail_transport_in_Italy&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: High-speed rail"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail_in_Italy" title="High-speed rail in Italy">High-speed rail in Italy</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Frecciarossa_1000_nuova_livrea.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Frecciarossa_1000_nuova_livrea.jpg/220px-Frecciarossa_1000_nuova_livrea.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Frecciarossa_1000_nuova_livrea.jpg/330px-Frecciarossa_1000_nuova_livrea.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Frecciarossa_1000_nuova_livrea.jpg/440px-Frecciarossa_1000_nuova_livrea.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1080" data-file-height="814" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ferrovie_dello_Stato_Italiane" title="Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane">FS</a>' <a href="/wiki/Frecciarossa_1000" title="Frecciarossa 1000">Frecciarossa 1000</a> high speed train at <a href="/wiki/Milano_Centrale_railway_station" title="Milano Centrale railway station">Milano Centrale railway station</a>, with a maximum speed of 400 km/h (249 mph),<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is one of the fastest trains in Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:FS_ETR.500_pair,_Firenze_S.M.N._(1).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/FS_ETR.500_pair%2C_Firenze_S.M.N._%281%29.JPG/220px-FS_ETR.500_pair%2C_Firenze_S.M.N._%281%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/FS_ETR.500_pair%2C_Firenze_S.M.N._%281%29.JPG/330px-FS_ETR.500_pair%2C_Firenze_S.M.N._%281%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/FS_ETR.500_pair%2C_Firenze_S.M.N._%281%29.JPG/440px-FS_ETR.500_pair%2C_Firenze_S.M.N._%281%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>A pair of FS' <a href="/wiki/ETR_500" class="mw-redirect" title="ETR 500">ETR 500</a> at <a href="/wiki/Firenze_Santa_Maria_Novella_railway_station" title="Firenze Santa Maria Novella railway station">Firenze Santa Maria Novella railway station</a>. The version ETR 500 Y1 achieved 362 km/h (225 mph) on the Bologna-Florence line on 4 February 2009, a new world speed record in a tunnel.<sup id="cite_ref-FS355record_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FS355record-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Italo_Evo_in_Venezia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Italo_Evo_in_Venezia.jpg/220px-Italo_Evo_in_Venezia.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Italo_Evo_in_Venezia.jpg/330px-Italo_Evo_in_Venezia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Italo_Evo_in_Venezia.jpg/440px-Italo_Evo_in_Venezia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/ETR_675" class="mw-redirect" title="ETR 675">ETR 675</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elettrotreno_NTV_ETR.675" class="extiw" title="it:Elettrotreno NTV ETR.675">it</a>]</span> <i>Italo EVO</i> (<a href="/wiki/Nuovo_Trasporto_Viaggiatori" title="Nuovo Trasporto Viaggiatori">NTV</a>) at <a href="/wiki/Venezia_Mestre_railway_station" title="Venezia Mestre railway station">Venezia Mestre railway station</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>High-speed trains were developed during the 1960s. <a href="/wiki/FS_Class_E444" class="mw-redirect" title="FS Class E444">E444</a> locomotives were the first standard locomotives capable of top speed of 200 km/h (125 mph), while an <a href="/w/index.php?title=ALe_601&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ALe 601 (page does not exist)">ALe 601</a> <a href="/wiki/Electrical_multiple_unit" class="mw-redirect" title="Electrical multiple unit">electrical multiple unit</a> (EMU) reached a speed of 240 km/h (150 mph) during a test. Other EMUs, such as the <a href="/w/index.php?title=ETR_220&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ETR 220 (page does not exist)">ETR 220</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=ETR_250&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ETR 250 (page does not exist)">ETR 250</a> and <a href="/wiki/ETR_300" class="mw-redirect" title="ETR 300">ETR 300</a>, were also updated for speeds up to 200 km/h (125 mph). The braking systems of cars were updated to match the increased travelling speeds. </p><p>On 25 June 1970, work was started on the <a href="/wiki/Florence%E2%80%93Rome_high-speed_railway_line" class="mw-redirect" title="Florence–Rome high-speed railway line">Rome–Florence <i>Direttissima</i></a>, the first high-speed line in Italy and in Europe. It included the 5,375-metre-long (3.340 mi) bridge on the <a href="/wiki/Paglia" title="Paglia">Paglia</a> river, then the longest in Europe. Works were completed in the early 1990s. </p><p>In 1975, a program for a widespread updating of the rolling stock was launched. However, as it was decided to put more emphasis on local traffic, this caused a shifting of resources from the ongoing high-speed projects, with their subsequent slowing or, in some cases, total abandonment. Therefore, 160 <a href="/wiki/FS_Class_E.656" title="FS Class E.656">E.656</a> electric and 35 <a href="/wiki/FS_Class_D.345" title="FS Class D.345">D.345</a> locomotives for short-medium range traffic were acquired, together with 80 EMUs of the <a href="/wiki/FS_Class_ALe_801/940" title="FS Class ALe 801/940">ALe 801/940</a> class, 120 <a href="/wiki/FS_Class_ALn_668" title="FS Class ALn 668">ALn 668</a> diesel railcars. Some 1,000 much-needed passenger and 7,000 freight cars were also ordered. </p><p>In the 1990s, work started on the <a href="/wiki/Treno_Alta_Velocit%C3%A0" title="Treno Alta Velocità">Treno Alta Velocità</a> (<i>TAV</i>) project, which involved building a new high-speed network on the routes <a href="/wiki/Milan" title="Milan">Milan</a> – (Bologna–Florence–Rome–Naples) – <a href="/wiki/Salerno" title="Salerno">Salerno</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turin" title="Turin">Turin</a> – (Milan–Verona–Venice) – <a href="/wiki/Trieste" title="Trieste">Trieste</a> and Milan–<a href="/wiki/Genoa" title="Genoa">Genoa</a>. Most of the planned lines have already been opened, while international links with France, Switzerland, <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a> are underway. </p><p>Most of the <a href="/wiki/Rome%E2%80%93Naples_high-speed_railway_line" class="mw-redirect" title="Rome–Naples high-speed railway line">Rome–Naples line</a> opened in December 2005, the <a href="/wiki/Turin%E2%80%93Milan_high-speed_railway_line" class="mw-redirect" title="Turin–Milan high-speed railway line">Turin–Milan line</a> partially opened in February 2006 and the <a href="/wiki/Milan%E2%80%93Bologna_high-speed_railway_line" class="mw-redirect" title="Milan–Bologna high-speed railway line">Milan–Bologna line</a> opened in December 2008. The remaining sections of the Rome–Naples and the Turin–Milan lines and the <a href="/wiki/Bologna%E2%80%93Florence_high-speed_railway_line" class="mw-redirect" title="Bologna–Florence high-speed railway line">Bologna–Florence line</a> were completed in December 2009. All these lines are designed for speeds up to 300 km/h (190 mph). Since then, it is possible to travel from Turin to Salerno (ca. 950 km (590 mi)) in less than 5 hours. More than 100 trains per day are operated.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other proposed high-speed lines are <a href="/w/index.php?title=Salerno%E2%80%93Reggio_Calabria_high-speed_railway_line&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Salerno–Reggio Calabria high-speed railway line (page does not exist)">Salerno-Reggio Calabria</a><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (connected to Sicily with the future <a href="/wiki/Strait_of_Messina_Bridge" title="Strait of Messina Bridge">bridge over the Strait of Messina</a><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Palermo%E2%80%93Catania_high-speed_railway_line&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palermo–Catania high-speed railway line (page does not exist)">Palermo-Catania</a><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Naples%E2%80%93Bari_high-speed_railway_line&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Naples–Bari high-speed railway line (page does not exist)">Naples–Bari</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The main public operator of high-speed trains (<i>alta velocità AV</i>, formerly <a href="/wiki/Eurostar_Italia" title="Eurostar Italia">Eurostar Italia</a>) is <a href="/wiki/Trenitalia" title="Trenitalia">Trenitalia</a>, part of <a href="/wiki/Ferrovie_dello_Stato_Italiane" title="Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane">FSI</a>. Trains are divided into three categories (called "<a href="/wiki/Le_Frecce" title="Le Frecce">Le Frecce</a>"): <i><a href="/wiki/Frecciarossa" title="Frecciarossa">Frecciarossa</a></i> ("Red arrow") trains operate at a maximum of 300 km/h (185 mph) on dedicated high-speed tracks; <i><a href="/wiki/Frecciargento" title="Frecciargento">Frecciargento</a></i> (Silver arrow) trains operate at a maximum of 250 km/h (155 mph) on both high-speed and mainline tracks; <i><a href="/wiki/Frecciabianca" title="Frecciabianca">Frecciabianca</a></i> (White arrow) trains operate at a maximum of 200 km/h (125 mph) on mainline tracks only.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since 2012, a new and Italy's first private train operator, <a href="/wiki/Nuovo_Trasporto_Viaggiatori" title="Nuovo Trasporto Viaggiatori">NTV</a> (branded as Italo), run high-speed services in competition with <a href="/wiki/Trenitalia" title="Trenitalia">Trenitalia</a>. Even nowadays, Italy is the only country in Europe with a private high-speed train operator. </p><p>Construction of the <a href="/wiki/Milan%E2%80%93Verona_high-speed_railway" title="Milan–Verona high-speed railway">Milan-Venice high-speed line</a> has begun in 2013 and in December 2016 the Milan-Treviglio-Brescia section has been opened to passenger traffic;<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Milan-Genoa high-speed line (Terzo Valico dei Giovi) is also under construction. </p><p>Today it is possible to travel from Rome to Milan in less than 3 hours (2h 55' without intermediate stops) with the <a href="/wiki/Frecciarossa_1000" title="Frecciarossa 1000">Frecciarossa 1000</a>, the new high-speed train. As of June 2024, there are 46 Trenitalia <sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and 33 Italo <sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> round-trip high speed trains every weekday that cover this route, </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Night_trains">Night trains</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rail_transport_in_Italy&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Night trains"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Nightjet" title="Nightjet">Nightjet</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:OEBB_Nachtzug_Strecken_streckennetz_deutsch_2023.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/OEBB_Nachtzug_Strecken_streckennetz_deutsch_2023.png/220px-OEBB_Nachtzug_Strecken_streckennetz_deutsch_2023.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/OEBB_Nachtzug_Strecken_streckennetz_deutsch_2023.png/330px-OEBB_Nachtzug_Strecken_streckennetz_deutsch_2023.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/OEBB_Nachtzug_Strecken_streckennetz_deutsch_2023.png/440px-OEBB_Nachtzug_Strecken_streckennetz_deutsch_2023.png 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="1689" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Nightjet" title="Nightjet">Nightjet</a></i> Route Map (2023)</figcaption></figure> <p>The <i><a href="/wiki/Nightjet" title="Nightjet">Nightjet</a></i> of the <a href="/wiki/%C3%96BB" class="mw-redirect" title="ÖBB">Austrian Federal Railways (ÖBB)</a> serves different big cities in Italy like Rome, Venice, Florence and Milano. The trains can be used for rides inside Italy as well as for journeys abroad. </p><p><i>Nightjet</i> trains offers beds in <a href="/wiki/Sleeper_carriage" class="mw-redirect" title="Sleeper carriage">sleeper carriages</a> (Nightjet's most comfortable service category), <a href="/wiki/Couchette" class="mw-redirect" title="Couchette">couchette</a> carriages, and seated carriages. On certain connections, cars can also be transported on the train. Bikes can be transported in a bike transport bag, or on some connections also in special bike racks. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Intercity_trains">Intercity trains</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rail_transport_in_Italy&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Intercity trains"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Inter-city_rail" title="Inter-city rail">Inter-city rail</a> and <a href="/wiki/InterCity" title="InterCity">InterCity</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Trains_in_Napoli_Centrale-Garibaldi_18_55_44_221000.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Trains_in_Napoli_Centrale-Garibaldi_18_55_44_221000.jpeg/220px-Trains_in_Napoli_Centrale-Garibaldi_18_55_44_221000.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Trains_in_Napoli_Centrale-Garibaldi_18_55_44_221000.jpeg/330px-Trains_in_Napoli_Centrale-Garibaldi_18_55_44_221000.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Trains_in_Napoli_Centrale-Garibaldi_18_55_44_221000.jpeg/440px-Trains_in_Napoli_Centrale-Garibaldi_18_55_44_221000.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>An Italian InterCity train at <a href="/wiki/Napoli_Centrale_railway_station" title="Napoli Centrale railway station">Napoli Centrale railway station</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Inter_city_train_(Rome)_in_2023.01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Inter_city_train_%28Rome%29_in_2023.01.jpg/220px-Inter_city_train_%28Rome%29_in_2023.01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Inter_city_train_%28Rome%29_in_2023.01.jpg/330px-Inter_city_train_%28Rome%29_in_2023.01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Inter_city_train_%28Rome%29_in_2023.01.jpg/440px-Inter_city_train_%28Rome%29_in_2023.01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>An Italian InterCity train at <a href="/wiki/Roma_Termini_railway_station" title="Roma Termini railway station">Roma Termini railway station</a></figcaption></figure> <p>With the introduction of high-speed trains, intercity trains are limited to few services per day on mainline and regional tracks. </p><p>The daytime services (<i><a href="/wiki/InterCity" title="InterCity">InterCity</a></i> IC), while not frequent and limited to one or two trains per route, are essential in providing access to cities and towns off the railway's mainline network. The main routes are <a href="/wiki/Trieste" title="Trieste">Trieste</a> to <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a> (stopping at <a href="/wiki/Venice" title="Venice">Venice</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bologna" title="Bologna">Bologna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prato" title="Prato">Prato</a>, <a href="/wiki/Florence" title="Florence">Florence</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arezzo" title="Arezzo">Arezzo</a>), <a href="/wiki/Milan" title="Milan">Milan</a> to Rome (stopping at <a href="/wiki/Genoa" title="Genoa">Genoa</a>, <a href="/wiki/La_Spezia" title="La Spezia">La Spezia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pisa" title="Pisa">Pisa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Livorno" title="Livorno">Livorno</a> / stopping at <a href="/wiki/Parma" title="Parma">Parma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Modena" title="Modena">Modena</a>, Bologna, Prato, Florence and Arezzo), Bologna to <a href="/wiki/Lecce" title="Lecce">Lecce</a> (stopping at <a href="/wiki/Rimini" title="Rimini">Rimini</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ancona" title="Ancona">Ancona</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pescara" title="Pescara">Pescara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bari" title="Bari">Bari</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brindisi" title="Brindisi">Brindisi</a>) and Rome to <a href="/wiki/Reggio_di_Calabria" class="mw-redirect" title="Reggio di Calabria">Reggio di Calabria</a> (stopping at <a href="/wiki/Latina,_Lazio" title="Latina, Lazio">Latina</a> and <a href="/wiki/Naples" title="Naples">Naples</a>). In addition, the Intercity trains provide a more economical means of long-distance rail travel within Italy. </p><p>The night trains (<i>Intercity Notte</i> ICN) have sleeper compartments and washrooms, but no showers on board. Main routes are Rome to <a href="/wiki/Bolzano" title="Bolzano">Bolzano</a>/Bozen (calling at Florence, Bologna, <a href="/wiki/Verona" title="Verona">Verona</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rovereto" title="Rovereto">Rovereto</a> and <a href="/wiki/Trento" title="Trento">Trento</a>), Milan to <a href="/wiki/Lecce" title="Lecce">Lecce</a> (calling at Piacenza, Parma, Reggio Emilia, Modena, Bologna, Faenza, Forlì, Cesena, Rimini, Ancona, Pescara, Bari and Brindisi), <a href="/wiki/Turin" title="Turin">Turin</a> to Lecce (calling at <a href="/wiki/Alessandria" title="Alessandria">Alessandria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Voghera" title="Voghera">Voghera</a>, <a href="/wiki/Piacenza" title="Piacenza">Piacenza</a>, Parma, Bologna, Rimini, Pescara, Termoli, San Severo,Foggia, Barletta, Bisceglie, Molfetta, Bari, Monopoli, Fasano, Ostuni and Brindisi) and Reggio di Calabria to Turin (calling at Naples, Rome, <a href="/wiki/Livorno" title="Livorno">Livorno</a>, La Spezia and Genova). Most portions of these ICN services run during the night; since most services take 10 to 15 hours to complete a one-way journey, their day-time portion provide extra train connections to complement with the Intercity services. </p><p>There are a total of 86 intercity trains running within Italy per day. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Regional_trains">Regional trains</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rail_transport_in_Italy&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Regional trains"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fara_Sabina_-_stazione_ferroviaria_-_elettrotreno_Trenitalia_Rock.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Fara_Sabina_-_stazione_ferroviaria_-_elettrotreno_Trenitalia_Rock.jpg/220px-Fara_Sabina_-_stazione_ferroviaria_-_elettrotreno_Trenitalia_Rock.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Fara_Sabina_-_stazione_ferroviaria_-_elettrotreno_Trenitalia_Rock.jpg/330px-Fara_Sabina_-_stazione_ferroviaria_-_elettrotreno_Trenitalia_Rock.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Fara_Sabina_-_stazione_ferroviaria_-_elettrotreno_Trenitalia_Rock.jpg/440px-Fara_Sabina_-_stazione_ferroviaria_-_elettrotreno_Trenitalia_Rock.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3195" data-file-height="2316" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Trenitalia" title="Trenitalia">Trenitalia</a> <a href="/wiki/Caravaggio_(train)" title="Caravaggio (train)">ETR 521 "Rock"</a> regional train on <a href="/wiki/Florence%E2%80%93Rome_railway" title="Florence–Rome railway">Florence–Rome railway</a> at <a href="/wiki/Fara_Sabina" class="mw-redirect" title="Fara Sabina">Fara Sabina</a>-<a href="/wiki/Montelibretti" title="Montelibretti">Montelibretti</a> station</figcaption></figure> <p>Trenitalia operates regional services (both fast <i>veloce RV</i> and stopping <i>REG</i>) throughout Italy. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Trenord_ETR_204_010_Palazzolo_sull_Oglio_20230410.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Trenord_ETR_204_010_Palazzolo_sull_Oglio_20230410.jpg/220px-Trenord_ETR_204_010_Palazzolo_sull_Oglio_20230410.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Trenord_ETR_204_010_Palazzolo_sull_Oglio_20230410.jpg/330px-Trenord_ETR_204_010_Palazzolo_sull_Oglio_20230410.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Trenord_ETR_204_010_Palazzolo_sull_Oglio_20230410.jpg/440px-Trenord_ETR_204_010_Palazzolo_sull_Oglio_20230410.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Trenord" title="Trenord">Trenord</a> Donizetti TN 204 arrives at <a href="/wiki/Palazzolo_sull%27Oglio" title="Palazzolo sull'Oglio">Palazzolo sull'Oglio</a> railway station</figcaption></figure> <p>Regional train agencies exist: their train schedules are largely connected to and shown on Trenitalia, and tickets for such train services can be purchased through Trenitalia's national network. Other regional agencies have separate ticket systems which are not mutually exchangeable with that of Trenitalia. These "regional" tickets could be purchased at local newsagents or tobacco stores instead. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trentino-Alto_Adige" class="mw-redirect" title="Trentino-Alto Adige">Trentino-Alto Adige</a> / <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Trentin-Südtirol</i></span>: Südtirol Bahn (<abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text"><a href="/wiki/South_Tyrol" title="South Tyrol">South Tyrol</a> Railway</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>) runs regional services on Ala/Ahl-am-Etsch to Bolzano/Bozen (calling at Rovereto/Rofreit, Trento/Trient and Mezzocorona/Kronmetz), Bolzano/Bozen to Merano/Meran, Bressanone/Brixen to San Candido/Innichen, and a direct "Tirol regional express REX" service between Bolzano/Bozen in Italy and Innsbruck in Austria.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veneto" title="Veneto">Veneto</a>: <a href="/wiki/Sistemi_Territoriali" title="Sistemi Territoriali">Sistemi Territoriali</a> runs regional trains in Veneto region.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lombardy" title="Lombardy">Lombardy</a>: <a href="/wiki/Trenord" title="Trenord">Trenord</a> runs the <a href="/wiki/Malpensa_Express" title="Malpensa Express">Malpensa Express</a> airport train, many Milan's suburban lines and most regional train services in Lombardy. Trenord also co-operates with <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Bahn" title="Deutsche Bahn">DB</a> and <a href="/wiki/Austrian_Federal_Railways" title="Austrian Federal Railways">ÖBB</a> on the EuroCity Verona-Munich service, and with <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Federal_Railways" title="Swiss Federal Railways">SBB CFF FFS</a> (joint-venture <a href="/wiki/Treni_Regionali_Ticino_Lombardia" title="Treni Regionali Ticino Lombardia">TiLo</a>) on the regional express and suburban trains between Lombardy and the towns of Canton of Ticino, such as Lugano, Locarno, Cadenazzo, Bellinzona and Mendrisio.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emilia-Romagna" title="Emilia-Romagna">Emilia-Romagna</a>: <a href="/wiki/Trasporto_Passeggeri_Emilia-Romagna" class="mw-redirect" title="Trasporto Passeggeri Emilia-Romagna">Trasporto Passeggeri Emilia-Romagna</a> provides vital connections across cities on different mainline networks, including Modena, Parma, Suzzara, Ferrara, Reggio Emilia and Bologna.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuscany" title="Tuscany">Tuscany</a>: La Ferroviaria Italiana operates in Arezzo province.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abruzzo" title="Abruzzo">Abruzzo</a>: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sangritana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sangritana (page does not exist)">Sangritana</a> runs daily services between Pescara and Lanciano.</li></ul> <p>In addition to these agencies, there's a great deal of other little operators, such as <a href="/wiki/AMT_Genova" title="AMT Genova">AMT Genova</a> for the Genova-Casella railway. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Stations">Stations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rail_transport_in_Italy&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Stations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Roma_termini_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Roma_termini_01.jpg/220px-Roma_termini_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Roma_termini_01.jpg/330px-Roma_termini_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Roma_termini_01.jpg/440px-Roma_termini_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="810" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Roma_Termini_railway_station" title="Roma Termini railway station">Roma Termini railway station</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Milan_CentralStation_016_4294.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Milan_CentralStation_016_4294.jpg/220px-Milan_CentralStation_016_4294.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Milan_CentralStation_016_4294.jpg/330px-Milan_CentralStation_016_4294.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Milan_CentralStation_016_4294.jpg/440px-Milan_CentralStation_016_4294.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Milano_Centrale_railway_station" title="Milano Centrale railway station">Milano Centrale railway station</a></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Railway_stations_in_Italy" title="Railway stations in Italy">Railway stations in Italy</a></div> <p>Italy's top ten railway stations by annual passengers are: </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Rank </th> <th>Railway Station </th> <th>Annual entries/exits (millions) </th> <th>Number of platforms </th> <th>City </th> <th>Region </th></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Roma_Termini" class="mw-redirect" title="Roma Termini">Roma Termini</a></b></td> <td>150<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>32</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lazio" title="Lazio">Lazio</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2</td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Milano_Centrale" class="mw-redirect" title="Milano Centrale">Milano Centrale</a></b></td> <td>145<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>24</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Milan" title="Milan">Milan</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lombardy" title="Lombardy">Lombardy</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>3</td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Torino_Porta_Nuova" class="mw-redirect" title="Torino Porta Nuova">Torino Porta Nuova</a></b></td> <td>70<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>20</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Turin" title="Turin">Turin</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Piedmont" title="Piedmont">Piedmont</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Firenze_Santa_Maria_Novella" class="mw-redirect" title="Firenze Santa Maria Novella">Firenze Santa Maria Novella</a></b></td> <td>59<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>19</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Florence" title="Florence">Florence</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tuscany" title="Tuscany">Tuscany</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>5</td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Bologna_Centrale" class="mw-redirect" title="Bologna Centrale">Bologna Centrale</a></b></td> <td>58<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>28</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bologna" title="Bologna">Bologna</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emilia-Romagna" title="Emilia-Romagna">Emilia-Romagna</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>6</td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Roma_Tiburtina" class="mw-redirect" title="Roma Tiburtina">Roma Tiburtina</a></b></td> <td>51<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>20</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lazio" title="Lazio">Lazio</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>7</td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Napoli_Centrale" class="mw-redirect" title="Napoli Centrale">Napoli Centrale</a></b></td> <td>50<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>25</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Naples" title="Naples">Naples</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Campania" title="Campania">Campania</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>8</td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Milano_Cadorna" class="mw-redirect" title="Milano Cadorna">Milano Cadorna</a></b></td> <td>33.1<sup id="cite_ref-b_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-b-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>10</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Milan" title="Milan">Milan</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lombardy" title="Lombardy">Lombardy</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>9</td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Venezia_Mestre_railway_station" title="Venezia Mestre railway station">Venezia Mestre</a></b></td> <td>31<sup id="cite_ref-grandistazioni.it_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-grandistazioni.it-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>13</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Venice" title="Venice">Venice</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Veneto" title="Veneto">Veneto</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>10</td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Venezia_Santa_Lucia_railway_station" title="Venezia Santa Lucia railway station">Venezia Santa Lucia</a></b></td> <td>30<sup id="cite_ref-grandistazioni.it_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-grandistazioni.it-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>16</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Venice" title="Venice">Venice</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Veneto" title="Veneto">Veneto</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rapid_transit">Rapid transit</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rail_transport_in_Italy&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Rapid transit"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Metro">Metro</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rail_transport_in_Italy&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Metro"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Inaugurazione_metro_B1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Inaugurazione_metro_B1.jpg/220px-Inaugurazione_metro_B1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Inaugurazione_metro_B1.jpg/330px-Inaugurazione_metro_B1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Inaugurazione_metro_B1.jpg/440px-Inaugurazione_metro_B1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1728" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Rome_Metro" title="Rome Metro">Rome Metro</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:M4_San_Babila_appena_inaugurata.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/M4_San_Babila_appena_inaugurata.jpg/220px-M4_San_Babila_appena_inaugurata.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/M4_San_Babila_appena_inaugurata.jpg/330px-M4_San_Babila_appena_inaugurata.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/M4_San_Babila_appena_inaugurata.jpg/440px-M4_San_Babila_appena_inaugurata.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Milan_Metro" title="Milan Metro">Milan Metro</a></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Milan_Metro" title="Milan Metro">Milan Metro</a> is the largest <a href="/wiki/Rapid_transit" title="Rapid transit">rapid transit</a> system in Italy in terms of length, number of stations and ridership; and the fifth longest in the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> and the eighth in the <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Seven cities have <a href="/wiki/Metro_(rapid_transit)" class="mw-redirect" title="Metro (rapid transit)">metro</a> systems: </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>City</th> <th>Name</th> <th>Lines</th> <th>Length (km)</th> <th>Stations</th> <th>Opening </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Brescia" title="Brescia">Brescia</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Brescia_Metro" title="Brescia Metro">Brescia Metro</a></td> <td>1</td> <td>13.7</td> <td>17</td> <td>2013 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Catania" title="Catania">Catania</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Catania_Metro" title="Catania Metro">Catania Metro</a></td> <td>1</td> <td>8.8</td> <td>10</td> <td>1999 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Genoa" title="Genoa">Genoa</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Genoa_Metro" title="Genoa Metro">Genoa Metro</a></td> <td>1</td> <td>7.1</td> <td>8</td> <td>1990 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Milan" title="Milan">Milan</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Milan_Metro" title="Milan Metro">Milan Metro</a></td> <td>5</td> <td>102.5</td> <td>119</td> <td>1964 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Naples" title="Naples">Naples</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Naples_Metro" title="Naples Metro">Naples Metro</a></td> <td>2</td> <td>20.3</td> <td>23</td> <td>1993 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rome_Metro" title="Rome Metro">Rome Metro</a></td> <td>3</td> <td>60</td> <td>75</td> <td>1955 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Turin" title="Turin">Turin</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Turin_Metro" title="Turin Metro">Turin Metro</a></td> <td>1</td> <td>15.1</td> <td>23</td> <td>2006 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Commuter_rail">Commuter rail</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rail_transport_in_Italy&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Commuter rail"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Milano_staz_Porta_Venezia_TSR_linea_S6.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Milano_staz_Porta_Venezia_TSR_linea_S6.JPG/220px-Milano_staz_Porta_Venezia_TSR_linea_S6.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Milano_staz_Porta_Venezia_TSR_linea_S6.JPG/330px-Milano_staz_Porta_Venezia_TSR_linea_S6.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Milano_staz_Porta_Venezia_TSR_linea_S6.JPG/440px-Milano_staz_Porta_Venezia_TSR_linea_S6.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1042" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Treno_Servizio_Regionale" title="Treno Servizio Regionale">TSR</a> train at <a href="/wiki/Milano_Porta_Venezia_railway_station" title="Milano Porta Venezia railway station">Milano Porta Venezia railway station</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Milan_Passerby_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Milan Passerby Railway">Milan Passerby railway</a></figcaption></figure> <p>15 cities have <a href="/wiki/Commuter_rail" title="Commuter rail">commuter rail</a> systems; cities without wikilink are those listed just above for their metro rail system. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bari" title="Bari">Bari</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bari_metropolitan_railway_service" title="Bari metropolitan railway service">Bari metropolitan railway service</a>, 3 lines)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bologna" title="Bologna">Bologna</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bologna_metropolitan_railway_service" title="Bologna metropolitan railway service">Bologna metropolitan railway service</a>, 8 lines)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cagliari" title="Cagliari">Cagliari</a>, 1 line</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catanzaro" title="Catanzaro">Catanzaro</a>, 2 lines</li> <li>Genoa (<a href="/wiki/Genoa_urban_railway_service" title="Genoa urban railway service">Genoa urban railway service</a>, 3 lines)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messina" title="Messina">Messina</a>, 1 line</li> <li>Milan (<a href="/wiki/Milan_suburban_railway_service" class="mw-redirect" title="Milan suburban railway service">Milan suburban railway service</a>, 12 lines)</li> <li>Naples, 8 lines</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo">Palermo</a> (<a href="/wiki/Palermo_metropolitan_railway_service" title="Palermo metropolitan railway service">Palermo metropolitan railway service</a>, 2 lines)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perugia" title="Perugia">Perugia</a>, 1 line</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potenza" title="Potenza">Potenza</a>, 1 line</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reggio_Calabria" title="Reggio Calabria">Reggio Calabria</a>, 1 line</li> <li>Rome (<a href="/wiki/FL_lines" title="FL lines">FL lines</a>, 8 lines)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salerno" title="Salerno">Salerno</a> (<a href="/wiki/Salerno_metropolitan_railway_service" title="Salerno metropolitan railway service">Salerno metropolitan railway service</a>, 1 line)</li> <li>Turin (<a href="/wiki/Turin_metropolitan_railway_service" class="mw-redirect" title="Turin metropolitan railway service">Turin metropolitan railway service</a>, 8 lines)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Airport_shuttles">Airport shuttles</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rail_transport_in_Italy&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Airport shuttles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Leonardo_Express" title="Leonardo Express">Leonardo Express</a> and <a href="/wiki/Malpensa_Express" title="Malpensa Express">Malpensa Express</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Leonardo_express_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Leonardo_express_01.jpg/220px-Leonardo_express_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Leonardo_express_01.jpg/330px-Leonardo_express_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Leonardo_express_01.jpg/440px-Leonardo_express_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="1080" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Leonardo_Express" title="Leonardo Express">Leonardo Express</a> at <a href="/wiki/Roma_Termini_railway_station" title="Roma Termini railway station">Roma Termini railway station</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Malpensa-Express_ETR_245-501_(24201808984).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Malpensa-Express_ETR_245-501_%2824201808984%29.jpg/220px-Malpensa-Express_ETR_245-501_%2824201808984%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Malpensa-Express_ETR_245-501_%2824201808984%29.jpg/330px-Malpensa-Express_ETR_245-501_%2824201808984%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Malpensa-Express_ETR_245-501_%2824201808984%29.jpg/440px-Malpensa-Express_ETR_245-501_%2824201808984%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4027" data-file-height="2685" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Malpensa_Express" title="Malpensa Express">Malpensa Express</a> at <a href="/wiki/Milano_Centrale_railway_station" title="Milano Centrale railway station">Milano Centrale railway station</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Airport shuttle buses are highly developed and convenient for rail travellers. Most airports in Italy are not connected to the railway network, except for <a href="/wiki/Rome_Fiumicino_Airport" title="Rome Fiumicino Airport">Rome Fiumicino Airport</a>, <a href="/wiki/Milan_Malpensa_Airport" title="Milan Malpensa Airport">Milan Malpensa Airport</a> and <a href="/wiki/Turin_Caselle_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Turin Caselle Airport">Turin Caselle Airport</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Bologna" title="Bologna">Bologna</a>, there is the monorail <a href="/wiki/Marconi_Express" title="Marconi Express">Marconi Express</a>, connecting <a href="/wiki/Bologna_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Bologna Airport">Bologna Airport</a> to the main <a href="/wiki/Bologna_Centrale_railway_station" title="Bologna Centrale railway station">railway station</a>. <a href="/wiki/Linate_Airport" title="Linate Airport">Linate Airport</a> in Milan has been connected to <a href="/wiki/Milan_Metro_Line_4" title="Milan Metro Line 4">line 4</a> of the Milan metro since 2022. </p> <ul><li>Venice: Venezia-Mestre station - Marco Polo Airport (50 minutes) and Treviso Airport</li> <li>Milan: Milano Centrale station - Malpensa Airport (1 hour 5 minutes), Linate Airport (35 minutes) and Milan Bergamo Airport (1 hour)</li> <li>Brescia: Brescia station - Milan Bergamo Airport (1 hour)</li> <li>Rome: Rome Termini station - Fiumicino Airport (31 minutes)</li> <li>Verona: Verona Porta Nuova station - Villafranca "Catullo" Airport (20 minutes)</li> <li>Bologna: Centrale station - Bologna Airport (20 minutes) - Route modified in November 2020. It shifted from route BLQ (Bologna Centrale Station-Bologna Airport) to route 944 Ospedale Maggiore-Bologna Airport</li> <li>Pescara Centrale station - Abruzzo Airport (10 minutes)</li> <li>Pisa: Pisa Centrale station - San Giusto Airport (5 minutes)</li> <li>Florence: Firenze S M Novella station - Florence Airport</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tram">Tram</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rail_transport_in_Italy&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Tram"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Milano_tram_piazza_Cavour.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Milano_tram_piazza_Cavour.jpg/220px-Milano_tram_piazza_Cavour.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Milano_tram_piazza_Cavour.jpg/330px-Milano_tram_piazza_Cavour.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Milano_tram_piazza_Cavour.jpg/440px-Milano_tram_piazza_Cavour.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="702" /></a><figcaption>Intersecting trams in <a href="/wiki/Milan" title="Milan">Milan</a> under the arcs of <a href="/wiki/Porta_Nuova,_Gate_of_Milan" class="mw-redirect" title="Porta Nuova, Gate of Milan">Porta Nuova medieval gate</a>. This type of historical trams are also used in <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>11 cities have <a href="/wiki/Tram" title="Tram">tram</a> system: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bergamo%E2%80%93Albino_light_rail" title="Bergamo–Albino light rail">Bergamo–Albino light rail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cagliari_light_rail" title="Cagliari light rail">Cagliari light rail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Florence" title="Trams in Florence">Trams in Florence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Messina" title="Trams in Messina">Trams in Messina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Mestre" title="Trams in Mestre">Trams in Mestre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Milan" title="Trams in Milan">Trams in Milan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Naples" title="Trams in Naples">Trams in Naples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Padua" title="Trams in Padua">Trams in Padua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Palermo" title="Trams in Palermo">Trams in Palermo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Rome" title="Trams in Rome">Trams in Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Turin" title="Trams in Turin">Trams in Turin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trieste%E2%80%93Opicina_tramway" title="Trieste–Opicina tramway">Trieste–Opicina tramway</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tram-train">Tram-train</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rail_transport_in_Italy&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Tram-train"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Tram-train" title="Tram-train">Tram-train</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%C5%98%C3%ADm,_Porta_Maggiore,_%C3%BAzkorozchodn%C3%A1_elektrick%C3%A1_jednotka.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/%C5%98%C3%ADm%2C_Porta_Maggiore%2C_%C3%BAzkorozchodn%C3%A1_elektrick%C3%A1_jednotka.jpg/220px-%C5%98%C3%ADm%2C_Porta_Maggiore%2C_%C3%BAzkorozchodn%C3%A1_elektrick%C3%A1_jednotka.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/%C5%98%C3%ADm%2C_Porta_Maggiore%2C_%C3%BAzkorozchodn%C3%A1_elektrick%C3%A1_jednotka.jpg/330px-%C5%98%C3%ADm%2C_Porta_Maggiore%2C_%C3%BAzkorozchodn%C3%A1_elektrick%C3%A1_jednotka.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/%C5%98%C3%ADm%2C_Porta_Maggiore%2C_%C3%BAzkorozchodn%C3%A1_elektrick%C3%A1_jednotka.jpg/440px-%C5%98%C3%ADm%2C_Porta_Maggiore%2C_%C3%BAzkorozchodn%C3%A1_elektrick%C3%A1_jednotka.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Rome%E2%80%93Giardinetti_railway" title="Rome–Giardinetti railway">Rome–Giardinetti railway</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sasstram.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Sasstram.jpg/220px-Sasstram.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Sasstram.jpg/330px-Sasstram.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Sasstram.jpg/440px-Sasstram.jpg 2x" data-file-width="482" data-file-height="375" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Metrosassari" title="Metrosassari">Metrosassari</a></figcaption></figure> <p>2 cities have <a href="/wiki/Tram-train" title="Tram-train">tram-train</a> system, <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sassari" title="Sassari">Sassari</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Rome%E2%80%93Giardinetti_railway" title="Rome–Giardinetti railway">Rome–Giardinetti railway</a> connects <a href="/wiki/Termini-Laziali_(Rome%E2%80%93Giardinetti_railway)" title="Termini-Laziali (Rome–Giardinetti railway)">Laziali</a> (a regional train station some 800 metres (2,625 ft) from <a href="/wiki/Roma_Termini_railway_station" title="Roma Termini railway station">Termini</a>'s main concourse) with Giardinetti to the east just past the <a href="/wiki/Grande_Raccordo_Anulare" title="Grande Raccordo Anulare">Grande Raccordo Anulare</a>, Rome's orbital motorway.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is run by <a href="/wiki/ATAC_(Rome)" class="mw-redirect" title="ATAC (Rome)">ATAC</a>, the company responsible for public transportation in the city, which also operates the <a href="/wiki/Rome_Metro" title="Rome Metro">Rome Metro</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The present railway is the only part of the old and longer <a href="/wiki/Rome%E2%80%93Fiuggi%E2%80%93Alatri%E2%80%93Frosinone_railway" title="Rome–Fiuggi–Alatri–Frosinone railway">Rome–Fiuggi–Alatri–Frosinone railway</a> to be in service. The latest shortening of the line occurred in 2008 with the closing of the Giardinetti–Pantano section, which has now become part of the <a href="/wiki/Line_C_(Rome_Metro)" title="Line C (Rome Metro)">Metro Line C</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The line had been due to be dismantled in 2016 to be replaced with a bus lane along Via Casilina,<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but in March 2015 it was announced that the line would instead be retained and modernised.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Metrosassari" title="Metrosassari">Metrosassari</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> also called <i>Sassari tramway</i>, <i>Sassari tram-train</i> or <i>Sassari metro-tramway</i> (<a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>: <i lang="it">Metrotranvia di Sassari</i> or [Metropolitana leggera di Sassari] <span style="color:#d33">Error: {{Lang}}: invalid parameter: |links= (<a href="/wiki/Category:Lang_and_lang-xx_template_errors" title="Category:Lang and lang-xx template errors">help</a>)</span>) is the commercial name of a <a href="/wiki/Tram-train" title="Tram-train">tram-train</a><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> line in <a href="/wiki/Sassari" title="Sassari">Sassari</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sardinia" title="Sardinia">Sardinia</a>, Italy, operated by the regional public transport company <i>ARST</i> (<i>Azienda Regionale Sarda Trasporti</i>). Despite having been built in the early 2000s, in the urban section the line was built with single track and <a href="/wiki/Narrow_gauge" class="mw-redirect" title="Narrow gauge">narrow gauge</a>, to connect with the same <span class="nowrap">950 mm</span> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="nowrap">3 ft <span class="frac">1<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">3</span>⁄<span class="den">8</span></span> in</span>) gauge used in the secondary railway lines in Sardinia. The 2.45 km (1.52 mi) tramway part of the line (<i><a href="/wiki/Sassari_railway_station" title="Sassari railway station">Stazione</a></i> - <i>Emiciclo Garibaldi</i>) opened in October 2006, linking the railway station with the city centre via the hospital district.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 27 September 2009 the line was extended into the peripheral district of Santa Maria di Pisa, running on the electrified portion<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sassari%E2%80%93Sorso_railway&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sassari–Sorso railway (page does not exist)">Sassari–Sorso railway</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The main part of the network is in 2013 in advanced development phase. It is under construction is the extension of the line from Santa Maria di Pisa to Li Punti and Baldinca, and the electrification of the railway to <a href="/wiki/Sorso" title="Sorso">Sorso</a>, 10 km from Sassari. It is also planned to convert and electrify the 28 km Sassari-Alghero railway to allow the trams to reach the village of <a href="/wiki/Olmedo,_Sardinia" title="Olmedo, Sardinia">Olmedo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fertilia_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Fertilia Airport">Fertilia Airport</a> and the town of <a href="/wiki/Alghero" title="Alghero">Alghero</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rail_links_to_adjacent_countries">Rail links to adjacent countries</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rail_transport_in_Italy&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Rail links to adjacent countries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rail_tracks_east_upper_Menton.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Rail_tracks_east_upper_Menton.jpg/220px-Rail_tracks_east_upper_Menton.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Rail_tracks_east_upper_Menton.jpg/330px-Rail_tracks_east_upper_Menton.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Rail_tracks_east_upper_Menton.jpg/440px-Rail_tracks_east_upper_Menton.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4416" data-file-height="3312" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Marseille-Ventimiglia_railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Marseille-Ventimiglia railway">Marseille-Ventimiglia railway</a> line in <a href="/wiki/Ventimiglia,_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Ventimiglia, Italy">Ventimiglia</a>, near the French border</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Simplon_railway_tunnel_entrance_switzerland.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Simplon_railway_tunnel_entrance_switzerland.jpg/220px-Simplon_railway_tunnel_entrance_switzerland.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Simplon_railway_tunnel_entrance_switzerland.jpg/330px-Simplon_railway_tunnel_entrance_switzerland.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Simplon_railway_tunnel_entrance_switzerland.jpg/440px-Simplon_railway_tunnel_entrance_switzerland.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1678" data-file-height="1108" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Simplon_Tunnel" title="Simplon Tunnel">Simplon Tunnel</a> is a railway tunnel on the <a href="/wiki/Simplon_railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Simplon railway">Simplon railway</a> that connects <a href="/wiki/Brig,_Switzerland" title="Brig, Switzerland">Brig</a>, Switzerland and <a href="/wiki/Domodossola" title="Domodossola">Domodossola</a>, Italy, through the <a href="/wiki/Alps" title="Alps">Alps</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Italy has 11 rail border crossings over the <a href="/wiki/Alps" title="Alps">Alpine mountains</a> with her neighbouring countries: six are designated as mainline tracks and two are metre-gauge tracks. The six mainline border crossings are: two with <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> (one for Nice and Marseille; the other for Lyon and Dijon), two with <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a> (one for Brig, Bern and Geneva; the other for Chiasso, Lugano, Lucerne and Zürich), and two with Austria (one for Innsbruck; the other for Villach, Graz and Vienna). The two-metre-gauge track crossings are located at the border town of <a href="/wiki/Tirano" title="Tirano">Tirano</a> (enters Switzerland's Canton Graubünden/Grisons) and Domodossola (enters Switzerland's Locarno). </p><p>There is a railway line connecting Italy's northeastern port of <a href="/wiki/Trieste" title="Trieste">Trieste</a> to <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a>, but no passenger or freight services operate on this track. Consequently, there is no direct connections between Trieste and <a href="/wiki/Ljubljana" title="Ljubljana">Ljubljana</a>, the capital of Slovenia, despite the proximity of both cities. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/France%E2%80%93Italy_border" title="France–Italy border">Italy-France</a>: <a href="/wiki/Marseille-Ventimiglia_railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Marseille-Ventimiglia railway">Marseille-Ventimiglia railway</a>, currently EuroCity trains of <a href="/wiki/Thello" class="mw-redirect" title="Thello">Thello</a> Milan-Marseille and one <a href="/wiki/EuroNight" title="EuroNight">EuroNight</a> train of <a href="/wiki/Russian_Railways" title="Russian Railways">RZD</a> Moscow-Nice.</li> <li>Italy-France: <a href="/wiki/Tenda_line" title="Tenda line">Tenda line</a>, operated by <a href="/wiki/Trenitalia" title="Trenitalia">Trenitalia</a></li> <li>Italy-France: <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9jus_Rail_Tunnel" title="Fréjus Rail Tunnel">Fréjus Rail Tunnel</a> at 1,338 m (4,390 ft) above sea, currently <a href="/wiki/SNCF" title="SNCF">SNCF</a> TGV trains Milan-Paris and Turin-Paris and EuroNight trains of <a href="/wiki/Thello" class="mw-redirect" title="Thello">Thello</a> Venice-Paris</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italy-Switzerland_border" class="mw-redirect" title="Italy-Switzerland border">Italy-Switzerland</a>: <a href="/wiki/Simplon_Tunnel" title="Simplon Tunnel">Simplon Tunnel</a>, currently <a href="/wiki/EuroCity" title="EuroCity">EuroCity</a> (EC) trains of <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Federal_Railways" title="Swiss Federal Railways">SBB CFF FFS</a> Milan-Geneva and Milan-Bern</li> <li>Italy-Switzerland: <a href="/wiki/Domodossola%E2%80%93Locarno_railway_line" title="Domodossola–Locarno railway line">Domodossola–Locarno railway line</a> line connecting Domodossola (Italy) with Locarno (Switzerland), operated by <a href="/wiki/Regional_Bus_and_Rail_Company_of_Ticino" title="Regional Bus and Rail Company of Ticino">Ferrovie Autolinee Regionali Ticinesi SA</a> (FART)</li> <li>Italy-Switzerland: <a href="/wiki/Cadenazzo%E2%80%93Luino_railway" title="Cadenazzo–Luino railway">Cadenazzo–Luino railway</a> line connecting Luino (Italy) to Bellinzona (Switzerland) and runs on the eastern coast of Lake Maggiore, operated by <a href="/wiki/Treni_Regionali_Ticino_Lombardia" title="Treni Regionali Ticino Lombardia">TILO</a> regional trains</li> <li>Italy-Switzerland: <a href="/wiki/Mendrisio%E2%80%93Varese_railway" title="Mendrisio–Varese railway">Mendrisio–Varese railway</a> line connecting Varese (Italy) to Mendrisio (Switzerland), operated by TILO regional trains</li> <li>Italy-Switzerland: <a href="/wiki/Milan%E2%80%93Chiasso_railway" title="Milan–Chiasso railway">Milan–Chiasso railway</a>, currently EuroCity trains of <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Federal_Railways" title="Swiss Federal Railways">SBB CFF FFS</a> Milan-Zürich</li> <li>Italy-Switzerland: <a href="/wiki/Bernina_railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Bernina railway">Bernina railway</a> at 2,253 m (7,392 ft) above sea, metre-gauge trains of <a href="/wiki/Rhaetian_Railway" title="Rhaetian Railway">RhB</a> Tirano-St. Moritz and the Bernina Express tourist train</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austria%E2%80%93Italy_border" title="Austria–Italy border">Italy-Austria</a>: <a href="/wiki/Brenner_railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Brenner railway">Brenner railway</a> at 1,371 m (4,498 ft) above sea, currently EuroCity trains of <a href="/wiki/Austrian_Federal_Railways" title="Austrian Federal Railways">ÖBB-DB</a> Munich-Verona and Munich-Venice/Bologna, and DB <a href="/wiki/CityNightLine" title="CityNightLine">CityNightLine</a> Munich-Rome/Milan</li> <li>Italy-Austria: <a href="/wiki/Drava_Valley_Railway" title="Drava Valley Railway">Drava Valley Railway</a> at 1,175 m (3,855 ft) above sea connecting San Candido/Innichen (Italy) and Lienz (Austria)</li> <li>Italy-Austria: <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Railway" title="Rudolf Railway">Rudolf Railway</a> connecting Venice and Udine (Italy) to Villach (Austria), currently EuroCity trains of <a href="/wiki/Austrian_Federal_Railways" title="Austrian Federal Railways">ÖBB</a> Venice-Vienna, EuroNight trains of <a href="/wiki/Austrian_Federal_Railways" title="Austrian Federal Railways">ÖBB</a> Vienna-Rome/Milan, and DB <a href="/wiki/CityNightLine" title="CityNightLine">CityNightLine</a> Munich-Venice</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italy-Slovenia_border" class="mw-redirect" title="Italy-Slovenia border">Italy-Slovenia</a>: <a href="/wiki/Tarvisio%E2%80%93Ljubljana_Railway" title="Tarvisio–Ljubljana Railway">Tarvisio–Ljubljana Railway</a></li></ul> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Vatican_City" title="Vatican City">Vatican City</a> is also linked to Italy with a railway line serving a single railway station, the <a href="/wiki/Vatican_City_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Vatican City railway station">Vatican City railway station</a>. This line is used only for special occasions.<sup id="cite_ref-vat1_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vat1-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/San_Marino" title="San Marino">San Marino</a> used to have a narrow gauge rail connection with Italy; this was dismantled in 1944.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>All links have the same gauge. </p> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria"><img alt="Austria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Austria" title="Rail transport in Austria">Austria</a> — voltage change 3 kV DC/15 kV AC</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_France" title="Rail transport in France">France</a> — voltage change 3 kV DC/25 kV AC or 1.5 kV DC</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia"><img alt="Slovenia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Slovenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Rail transport in Slovenia">Slovenia</a> — same voltage</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland"><img alt="Switzerland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/16px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/24px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/32px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Switzerland" title="Rail transport in Switzerland">Switzerland</a> — voltage change 3 kV DC/15 kV AC (plus two narrow gauge lines, same voltage)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Vatican_City" title="Vatican City"><img alt="Vatican City" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg/16px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg/24px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg/32px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Vatican_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Rail transport in Vatican City">Vatican City</a> — no electrification</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/San_Marino" title="San Marino"><img alt="San Marino" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Flag_of_San_Marino.svg/20px-Flag_of_San_Marino.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Flag_of_San_Marino.svg/31px-Flag_of_San_Marino.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Flag_of_San_Marino.svg/40px-Flag_of_San_Marino.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_San_Marino" class="mw-redirect" title="Rail transport in San Marino">San Marino</a> — closed, narrow gauge</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Domodossola_staz_ferr_lato_strada.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Domodossola_staz_ferr_lato_strada.JPG/220px-Domodossola_staz_ferr_lato_strada.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Domodossola_staz_ferr_lato_strada.JPG/330px-Domodossola_staz_ferr_lato_strada.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Domodossola_staz_ferr_lato_strada.JPG/440px-Domodossola_staz_ferr_lato_strada.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1179" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Domodossola_railway_station" title="Domodossola railway station">Domodossola railway station</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Stations on the border are: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roma_San_Pietro_railway_station" title="Roma San Pietro railway station">Roma San Pietro</a> is the border station of the <a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Vatican_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Rail transport in Vatican City">Rome-Vatican City</a> railway</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ventimiglia_railway_station" title="Ventimiglia railway station">Ventimiglia</a> is the border station on the <a href="/wiki/Genoa" title="Genoa">Genoa</a>-<a href="/wiki/Nice" title="Nice">Nice</a> main line.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olivetta_San_Michele" title="Olivetta San Michele">Olivetta San Michele</a> and <a href="/wiki/Limone_Piemonte" title="Limone Piemonte">Limone Piemonte</a> on both sides of the <a href="/wiki/Tenda_line" title="Tenda line">Tenda Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modane_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Modane railway station">Modane</a> is the border station on the <a href="/wiki/Turin" title="Turin">Turin</a>-<a href="/wiki/Lyon" title="Lyon">Lyon</a> main line (<a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9jus_Rail_Tunnel" title="Fréjus Rail Tunnel">Fréjus Tunnel</a> <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9jus_railway_line" class="mw-redirect" title="Fréjus railway line">line</a>).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domodossola_railway_station" title="Domodossola railway station">Domodossola</a> is the border station of the <a href="/wiki/Milan" title="Milan">Milan</a>-<a href="/wiki/Bern" title="Bern">Bern</a>/<a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva</a> main line (<a href="/wiki/Simplon_Tunnel" title="Simplon Tunnel">Simplon Tunnel</a> line).</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ribellasca&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ribellasca (page does not exist)">Ribellasca</a> is on the <a href="/wiki/Domodossola%E2%80%93Locarno_railway_line" title="Domodossola–Locarno railway line">Vigezzina</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luino_railway_station" title="Luino railway station">Luino</a> is the border station of the <a href="/wiki/Oleggio%E2%80%93Pino_railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Oleggio–Pino railway">Oleggio–Pino railway</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiasso_railway_station" title="Chiasso railway station">Chiasso</a> is the border station of the <a href="/wiki/Milan" title="Milan">Milan</a>-<a href="/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich" class="mw-redirect" title="Zürich">Zürich</a> main line (<a href="/wiki/Gotthard_Rail_Tunnel" class="mw-redirect" title="Gotthard Rail Tunnel">Gotthard Tunnel</a> line).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirano_(Rhaetian_Railway_station)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tirano (Rhaetian Railway station)">Tirano</a> is the terminus on the Italian side of the <span class="nowrap">1,000 mm</span> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="nowrap">3 ft <span class="frac">3<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">3</span>⁄<span class="den">8</span></span> in</span>) <a href="/wiki/Bernina_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Bernina Railway">Bernina line</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Rh%C3%A4tische_Bahn" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhätische Bahn">Rhätische Bahn</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brenner_railway_station" title="Brenner railway station">Brenner</a> is the border station of the <a href="/wiki/Verona" title="Verona">Verona</a>-<a href="/wiki/Innsbruck" title="Innsbruck">Innsbruck</a> main line (<a href="/wiki/Brenner_railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Brenner railway">Brenner railway</a>).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Innichen_railway_station" title="Innichen railway station">San Candido</a> is the border station of the <a href="/wiki/Franzensfeste" title="Franzensfeste">Fortezza</a>-<a href="/wiki/Lienz" title="Lienz">Lienz</a> secondary line.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarvisio_Boscoverde_railway_station" title="Tarvisio Boscoverde railway station">Tarvisio Boscoverde</a> is the border station of the <a href="/wiki/Venezia" class="mw-redirect" title="Venezia">Venezia</a>-<a href="/wiki/Wien" class="mw-redirect" title="Wien">Wien</a> main line (<a href="/wiki/Austrian_Southern_Railway" title="Austrian Southern Railway">Austrian Southern Railway</a> line).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorizia_Centrale_railway_station" title="Gorizia Centrale railway station">Gorizia Centrale</a> station serves as link to the <a href="/wiki/Slovenian_Railways" title="Slovenian Railways">Slovenian Railways</a>, through the station of <a href="/wiki/Nova_Gorica_railway_station" title="Nova Gorica railway station">Nova Gorica</a>, which can be entered also directly by pedestrians from the Italian side.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Villa_Opicina_railway_station&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Villa Opicina railway station (page does not exist)">Villa Opicina</a> (<a href="/wiki/Villa_Opicina" class="mw-redirect" title="Villa Opicina">Villa Opicina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trieste" title="Trieste">Trieste</a>) serves as link to the Slovenian Railways, through the stations of <a href="/wiki/Se%C5%BEana_railway_station" title="Sežana railway station">Sežana</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Repentabor_railway_station&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Repentabor railway station (page does not exist)">Repentabor</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Heritage_railways">Heritage railways</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rail_transport_in_Italy&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Heritage railways"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_heritage_railways_in_Italy" title="List of heritage railways in Italy">List of heritage railways in Italy</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stazione_Cansano.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Stazione_Cansano.jpg/220px-Stazione_Cansano.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Stazione_Cansano.jpg/330px-Stazione_Cansano.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Stazione_Cansano.jpg/440px-Stazione_Cansano.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1150" data-file-height="733" /></a><figcaption>Historic train at the <a href="/wiki/Cansano" title="Cansano">Cansano</a> railway station, along the now tourist <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sulmona%E2%80%93Isernia_railway&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sulmona–Isernia railway (page does not exist)">Sulmona–Isernia railway</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/ferrovia_Sulmona-Isernia" class="extiw" title="it:ferrovia Sulmona-Isernia">it</a>]</span> in <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In Italy the <a href="/wiki/Heritage_railways" class="mw-redirect" title="Heritage railways">heritage railways</a> institute is recognized and protected by law no. 128 of 9 August 2017, which has as its objective the protection and valorisation of disused, suspended or abolished railway lines, of particular cultural, landscape and tourist value, including both railway routes and stations and the related works of art and appurtenances, on which, upon proposal of the regions to which they belong, tourism-type traffic management is applied (art. 2, paragraph 1).<sup id="cite_ref-gazzettaufficiale.it_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gazzettaufficiale.it-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the same time, the law identified a first list of 18 tourist railways, considered to be of particular value (art. 2, paragraph 2).<sup id="cite_ref-gazzettaufficiale.it_55-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gazzettaufficiale.it-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The list is periodically updated by decree of the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Infrastructure_and_Transport_(Italy)" title="Ministry of Infrastructure and Transport (Italy)">Ministry of Infrastructure and Transport</a>, in agreement with the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Economy_and_Finance_(Italy)" title="Ministry of Economy and Finance (Italy)">Ministry of Economy and Finance</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Culture_(Italy)" title="Ministry of Culture (Italy)">Ministry of Culture</a>, also taking into account the reports in the State-Regions Conference, a list which in 2022 reached 26 railway lines.<sup id="cite_ref-mit.gov.it_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mit.gov.it-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to article 1, law 128/2017 has as its purpose: "the protection and valorisation of railway sections of particular cultural, landscape and tourist value, which include railway routes, stations and related works of art and appurtenances, and of the historic and tourist rolling stock authorized to travel along them, as well as the regulation of the use of ferrocycles".<sup id="cite_ref-gazzettaufficiale.it_55-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gazzettaufficiale.it-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Viadukt_zwischen_Nulvi_und_Martis.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Viadukt_zwischen_Nulvi_und_Martis.jpg/220px-Viadukt_zwischen_Nulvi_und_Martis.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Viadukt_zwischen_Nulvi_und_Martis.jpg/330px-Viadukt_zwischen_Nulvi_und_Martis.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Viadukt_zwischen_Nulvi_und_Martis.jpg/440px-Viadukt_zwischen_Nulvi_und_Martis.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption>Tourist train in transit on a viaduct of the <a href="/wiki/Sassari%E2%80%93Tempio%E2%80%93Palau_railway" title="Sassari–Tempio–Palau railway">Sassari–Tempio–Palau railway</a> in <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Garessio_staz_ferr_ALn_663.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Garessio_staz_ferr_ALn_663.jpg/220px-Garessio_staz_ferr_ALn_663.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Garessio_staz_ferr_ALn_663.jpg/330px-Garessio_staz_ferr_ALn_663.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Garessio_staz_ferr_ALn_663.jpg/440px-Garessio_staz_ferr_ALn_663.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="666" /></a><figcaption>Tourist train in transit on the <a href="/wiki/Ceva%E2%80%93Ormea_railway" title="Ceva–Ormea railway">Ceva–Ormea railway</a> in <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Below is the list of railway lines recognized as tourist railways by Italian legislation. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1216972533">.mw-parser-output .col-begin{border-collapse:collapse;padding:0;color:inherit;width:100%;border:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .col-begin-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .col-break{vertical-align:top;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .col-break-2{width:50%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-3{width:33.3%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-4{width:25%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-5{width:20%}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .col-begin,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr>td{display:block!important;width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output .col-break{padding-left:0!important}}</style><div> a) pursuant to art. 2 paragraph 2 law 128/2017:<sup id="cite_ref-gazzettaufficiale.it_55-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gazzettaufficiale.it-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><ol><li>Sulmona-Castel di Sangro section of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sulmona%E2%80%93Isernia_railway&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sulmona–Isernia railway (page does not exist)">Sulmona–Isernia railway</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/ferrovia_Sulmona-Isernia" class="extiw" title="it:ferrovia Sulmona-Isernia">it</a>]</span><sup id="cite_ref-RFI_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RFI-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cosenza-Camigliatello%E2%80%93San_Giovanni_in_Fiore_railway&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cosenza-Camigliatello–San Giovanni in Fiore railway (page does not exist)">Cosenza-Camigliatello–San Giovanni in Fiore railway</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferrovia_Cosenza-Camigliatello-San_Giovanni_in_Fiore" class="extiw" title="it:Ferrovia Cosenza-Camigliatello-San Giovanni in Fiore">it</a>]</span><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Avellino%E2%80%93Rocchetta_Sant%27Antonio_railway&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Avellino–Rocchetta Sant'Antonio railway (page does not exist)">Avellino–Rocchetta Sant'Antonio railway</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferrovia_Avellino-Rocchetta_Sant%27Antonio" class="extiw" title="it:Ferrovia Avellino-Rocchetta Sant'Antonio">it</a>]</span><sup id="cite_ref-RFI_57-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RFI-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gemona_del_Friuli%E2%80%93Sacile_railway&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gemona del Friuli–Sacile railway (page does not exist)">Gemona del Friuli–Sacile railway</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferrovia_Gemona_del_Friuli-Sacile" class="extiw" title="it:Ferrovia Gemona del Friuli-Sacile">it</a>]</span><sup id="cite_ref-RFI_57-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RFI-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palazzolo%E2%80%93Paratico_railway&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palazzolo–Paratico railway (page does not exist)">Palazzolo–Paratico railway</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferrovia_Palazzolo-Paratico" class="extiw" title="it:Ferrovia Palazzolo-Paratico">it</a>]</span><sup id="cite_ref-RFI_57-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RFI-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Castel di Sangro-Carpinone section of the Sulmona-Isernia railway<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceva%E2%80%93Ormea_railway" title="Ceva–Ormea railway">Ceva–Ormea railway</a><sup id="cite_ref-RFI_57-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RFI-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mandas%E2%80%93Arbatax_railway&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mandas–Arbatax railway (page does not exist)">Mandas–Arbatax railway</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferrovia_Mandas-Arbatax" class="extiw" title="it:Ferrovia Mandas-Arbatax">it</a>]</span><sup id="cite_ref-ARST_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ARST-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isili%E2%80%93Sorgono_railway&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Isili–Sorgono railway (page does not exist)">Isili–Sorgono railway</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferrovia_Isili-Sorgono" class="extiw" title="it:Ferrovia Isili-Sorgono">it</a>]</span><sup id="cite_ref-ARST_60-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ARST-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sassari%E2%80%93Tempio-Palau_railway&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sassari–Tempio-Palau railway (page does not exist)">Sassari–Tempio-Palau railway</a><sup id="cite_ref-ARST_60-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ARST-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Macomer%E2%80%93Bosa_railway&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Macomer–Bosa railway (page does not exist)">Macomer–Bosa railway</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferrovia_Macomer-Bosa" class="extiw" title="it:Ferrovia Macomer-Bosa">it</a>]</span><sup id="cite_ref-ARST_60-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ARST-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alcantara%E2%80%93Randazzo_railway&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alcantara–Randazzo railway (page does not exist)">Alcantara–Randazzo railway</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferrovia_Alcantara-Randazzo" class="extiw" title="it:Ferrovia Alcantara-Randazzo">it</a>]</span><sup id="cite_ref-RFI_57-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RFI-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Castelvetrano-Porto Palo section of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Castelvetrano%E2%80%93Porto_Empedocle_railway&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Castelvetrano–Porto Empedocle railway (page does not exist)">Castelvetrano–Porto Empedocle railway</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/ferrovia_Castelvetrano-Porto_Empedocle" class="extiw" title="it:ferrovia Castelvetrano-Porto Empedocle">it</a>]</span><sup id="cite_ref-FS_reduced_Sicily_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FS_reduced_Sicily-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Agrigento Bassa-Porto Empedocle section of the Castelvetrano-Porto Empedocle railway<sup id="cite_ref-FS_reduced_Sicily_61-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FS_reduced_Sicily-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Noto%E2%80%93Pachino_railway&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Noto–Pachino railway (page does not exist)">Noto–Pachino railway</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferrovia_Noto-Pachino" class="extiw" title="it:Ferrovia Noto-Pachino">it</a>]</span><sup id="cite_ref-RFI_57-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RFI-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asciano%E2%80%93Monte_Antico_railway" title="Asciano–Monte Antico railway">Asciano–Monte Antico railway</a><sup id="cite_ref-RFI_57-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RFI-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Civitavecchia%E2%80%93Orte_railway&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Civitavecchia–Orte railway (page does not exist)">Civitavecchia–Orte railway</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferrovia_Civitavecchia-Orte" class="extiw" title="it:Ferrovia Civitavecchia-Orte">it</a>]</span><sup id="cite_ref-RFI_57-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RFI-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fano%E2%80%93Urbino_railway&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fano–Urbino railway (page does not exist)">Fano–Urbino railway</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferrovia_Fano-Urbino" class="extiw" title="it:Ferrovia Fano-Urbino">it</a>]</span><sup id="cite_ref-RFI_57-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RFI-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ol><table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break"> <p>b) pursuant to the Ministerial Decree of 30 March 2022:<sup id="cite_ref-mit.gov.it_56-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mit.gov.it-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ol><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chivasso%E2%80%93Asti_railway&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chivasso–Asti railway (page does not exist)">Chivasso–Asti railway</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferrovia_Chivasso-Asti" class="extiw" title="it:Ferrovia Chivasso-Asti">it</a>]</span><sup id="cite_ref-RFI_57-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RFI-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Castagnole%E2%80%93Asti-Mortara_railway&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Castagnole–Asti-Mortara railway (page does not exist)">Castagnole–Asti-Mortara railway</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferrovia_Castagnole-Asti-Mortara" class="extiw" title="it:Ferrovia Castagnole-Asti-Mortara">it</a>]</span><sup id="cite_ref-RFI_57-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RFI-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Alba-Nizza Monferrato section of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alessandria%E2%80%93Cavallermaggiore_railway&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alessandria–Cavallermaggiore railway (page does not exist)">Alessandria–Cavallermaggiore railway</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/ferrovia_Alessandria-Cavallermaggiore" class="extiw" title="it:ferrovia Alessandria-Cavallermaggiore">it</a>]</span><sup id="cite_ref-RFI_57-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RFI-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novara%E2%80%93Varallo_railway" title="Novara–Varallo railway">Novara–Varallo railway</a><sup id="cite_ref-RFI_57-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RFI-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Fabriano-Pergola section of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Urbino%E2%80%93Fabriano_railway&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Urbino–Fabriano railway (page does not exist)">Urbino–Fabriano railway</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/ferrovia_Urbino-Fabriano" class="extiw" title="it:ferrovia Urbino-Fabriano">it</a>]</span><sup id="cite_ref-RFI_57-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RFI-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sicignano_degli_Alburni%E2%80%93Lagonegro_railway&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sicignano degli Alburni–Lagonegro railway (page does not exist)">Sicignano degli Alburni–Lagonegro railway</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferrovia_Sicignano_degli_Alburni-Lagonegro" class="extiw" title="it:Ferrovia Sicignano degli Alburni-Lagonegro">it</a>]</span><sup id="cite_ref-RFI_57-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RFI-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rocchetta_Sant%27Antonio%E2%80%93Gioia_del_Colle_railway&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rocchetta Sant'Antonio–Gioia del Colle railway (page does not exist)">Rocchetta Sant'Antonio–Gioia del Colle railway</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferrovia_Rocchetta_Sant%27Antonio-Gioia_del_Colle" class="extiw" title="it:Ferrovia Rocchetta Sant'Antonio-Gioia del Colle">it</a>]</span><sup id="cite_ref-RFI_57-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RFI-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cuneo%E2%80%93Mondov%C3%AC_railway&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cuneo–Mondovì railway (page does not exist)">Cuneo–Mondovì railway</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferrovia_Cuneo-Mondov%C3%AC" class="extiw" title="it:Ferrovia Cuneo-Mondovì">it</a>]</span><sup id="cite_ref-RFI_57-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RFI-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Malnate Olona-Swiss border section of the <a href="/wiki/Valmorea_railway" title="Valmorea railway">Valmorea railway</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ol> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Brusio_Cavaglia_2009_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Brusio_Cavaglia_2009_2.jpg/220px-Brusio_Cavaglia_2009_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Brusio_Cavaglia_2009_2.jpg/330px-Brusio_Cavaglia_2009_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Brusio_Cavaglia_2009_2.jpg/440px-Brusio_Cavaglia_2009_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Bernina_railway_line" title="Bernina railway line">Bernina railway line</a> between <a href="/wiki/Poschiavo" title="Poschiavo">Poschiavo</a>, Switzerland, and <a href="/wiki/Tirano" title="Tirano">Tirano</a>, Italy</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Bernina_railway_line" title="Bernina railway line">Bernina railway line</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Single_track_(rail)" class="mw-redirect" title="Single track (rail)">single-track</a> <span class="nowrap">1,000 mm</span> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="nowrap">3 ft <span class="frac">3<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">3</span>⁄<span class="den">8</span></span> in</span>) <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Metre_gauge" class="mw-redirect" title="Metre gauge">metre gauge</a></span> railway line forming part of the <a href="/wiki/Rhaetian_Railway" title="Rhaetian Railway">Rhaetian Railway</a> (RhB). It links the spa resort of <a href="/wiki/St._Moritz" title="St. Moritz">St. Moritz</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/Cantons_of_Switzerland" title="Cantons of Switzerland">canton</a> of <a href="/wiki/Graub%C3%BCnden" class="mw-redirect" title="Graubünden">Graubünden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a>, with the town of <a href="/wiki/Tirano" title="Tirano">Tirano</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Sondrio" title="Province of Sondrio">Province of Sondrio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>, via the <a href="/wiki/Bernina_Pass" title="Bernina Pass">Bernina Pass</a>. Reaching a height of 2,253 metres (7,392 ft) above sea level, it is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_highest_railways_in_Europe" title="List of highest railways in Europe">third highest railway crossing in Europe</a>. It also ranks as the highest <a href="/wiki/Adhesion_railway" title="Adhesion railway">adhesion railway</a> of the continent, and – with <a href="/wiki/Grade_(slope)" title="Grade (slope)">inclines</a> of up to 7% – as one of the steepest adhesion railways in the world. The elevation difference on the section between the Bernina Pass and Tirano is 1,824 m (5,984 ft), allowing passengers to view glaciers along the line. On 7 July 2008, the Bernina line and the <a href="/wiki/Albula_railway_line" title="Albula railway line">Albula railway line</a>, which also forms part of the RhB, were recorded in the list of <a href="/wiki/UNESCO_World_Heritage_Sites" class="mw-redirect" title="UNESCO World Heritage Sites">UNESCO World Heritage Sites</a>, under the name <i><a href="/wiki/Rhaetian_Railway" title="Rhaetian Railway">Rhaetian Railway</a> in the Albula / <a href="/wiki/Bernina_Express" title="Bernina Express">Bernina</a> Landscapes</i>. The whole site is a cross-border joint Swiss-Italian heritage area. Trains operating on the Bernina line include the <a href="/wiki/Bernina_Express" title="Bernina Express">Bernina Express</a>. </p><p>In July 2023, <a href="/wiki/Ferrovie_dello_Stato" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferrovie dello Stato">Ferrovie dello Stato</a> established a new company, the "FS Treni Turistici Italiani" (English: FS Italian Tourist Trains), with the mission "to propose an offer of railway services expressly designed and calibrated for quality, sustainable tourism and attentive to rediscovering the riches of the Italian territory. Tourism that can experience the train journey as an integral moment of the holiday, an element of quality in the overall tourist experience".<sup id="cite_ref-fsitaliane.it_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fsitaliane.it-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are three service areas proposed: </p> <ul><li><i>Luxury trains</i>, which includes the circulation of the "<a href="/wiki/Orient_Express" title="Orient Express">Orient Express</a> - La Dolce Vita" from 2024, and <a href="/wiki/Venice_Simplon_Orient_Express" class="mw-redirect" title="Venice Simplon Orient Express">Venice Simplon Orient Express</a>, already operating on European routes;<sup id="cite_ref-fsitaliane.it_63-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fsitaliane.it-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Express_train" title="Express train">Express</a> and historic trains</i>, with the express trains of the 1980s and 1990s which being redeveloped and modernized in the railway workshops of <a href="/wiki/Rimini" title="Rimini">Rimini</a>, while the historic trains are used for journeys that include stops with guided tours and tastings;<sup id="cite_ref-fsitaliane.it_63-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fsitaliane.it-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Regional trains</i>, also with trips that include experiential tourist stops, which pass through places rich in history, with villages and areas of landscape, naturalistic, food and wine and agri-food interest.<sup id="cite_ref-fsitaliane.it_63-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fsitaliane.it-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Funding">Funding</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rail_transport_in_Italy&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Funding"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Italian railways are partially funded by the government, receiving €8.1 billion in 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Categories_and_types_of_trains">Categories and types of trains</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rail_transport_in_Italy&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Categories and types of trains"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>These are the major service categories and models of Italian trains. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:L%27ETR.675_n._14_alla_stazione_di_Roma_Termini.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Italo operates on main High-Speed lines by NTV. Makes a few stops in the most important cities."><img alt="Italo operates on main High-Speed lines by NTV. Makes a few stops in the most important cities." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/L%27ETR.675_n._14_alla_stazione_di_Roma_Termini.jpg/160px-L%27ETR.675_n._14_alla_stazione_di_Roma_Termini.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/L%27ETR.675_n._14_alla_stazione_di_Roma_Termini.jpg/240px-L%27ETR.675_n._14_alla_stazione_di_Roma_Termini.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/L%27ETR.675_n._14_alla_stazione_di_Roma_Termini.jpg/320px-L%27ETR.675_n._14_alla_stazione_di_Roma_Termini.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4656" data-file-height="3492" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><b>Italo</b> operates on main High-Speed lines by <a href="/wiki/Nuovo_Trasporto_Viaggiatori" title="Nuovo Trasporto Viaggiatori">NTV</a>. Makes a few stops in the most important cities.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ETR.600_Frecciarossa.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Frecciarossa operates on High-Speed lines by Trenitalia. Makes a few stops in major cities."><img alt="Frecciarossa operates on High-Speed lines by Trenitalia. Makes a few stops in major cities." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/ETR.600_Frecciarossa.jpg/160px-ETR.600_Frecciarossa.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/ETR.600_Frecciarossa.jpg/240px-ETR.600_Frecciarossa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/ETR.600_Frecciarossa.jpg/320px-ETR.600_Frecciarossa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1080" data-file-height="811" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><b>Frecciarossa</b> operates on High-Speed lines by <a href="/wiki/Trenitalia" title="Trenitalia">Trenitalia</a>. Makes a few stops in major cities.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Veneti%C3%AB_Frecciargento_High_Speed_11a_uit_Rome_(10668443663).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Frecciargento operates on High-Speed lines by Trenitalia. Makes some stops in big cities."><img alt="Frecciargento operates on High-Speed lines by Trenitalia. Makes some stops in big cities." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Veneti%C3%AB_Frecciargento_High_Speed_11a_uit_Rome_%2810668443663%29.jpg/160px-Veneti%C3%AB_Frecciargento_High_Speed_11a_uit_Rome_%2810668443663%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Veneti%C3%AB_Frecciargento_High_Speed_11a_uit_Rome_%2810668443663%29.jpg/240px-Veneti%C3%AB_Frecciargento_High_Speed_11a_uit_Rome_%2810668443663%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Veneti%C3%AB_Frecciargento_High_Speed_11a_uit_Rome_%2810668443663%29.jpg/320px-Veneti%C3%AB_Frecciargento_High_Speed_11a_uit_Rome_%2810668443663%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5148" data-file-height="3400" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><b>Frecciargento</b> operates on High-Speed lines by <a href="/wiki/Trenitalia" title="Trenitalia">Trenitalia</a>. Makes some stops in big cities.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Trenitalia_Frecciabianca.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Frecciabianca operates on main lines by Trenitalia. Stops in big cities."><img alt="Frecciabianca operates on main lines by Trenitalia. Stops in big cities." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Trenitalia_Frecciabianca.jpg/160px-Trenitalia_Frecciabianca.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Trenitalia_Frecciabianca.jpg/240px-Trenitalia_Frecciabianca.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Trenitalia_Frecciabianca.jpg/320px-Trenitalia_Frecciabianca.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2362" data-file-height="1574" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><b>Frecciabianca</b> operates on main lines by <a href="/wiki/Trenitalia" title="Trenitalia">Trenitalia</a>. Stops in big cities.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:E.464.340_corsa_prova_Roma_Ostiense.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Intercity operates on main lines by Trenitalia. Stops in big cities."><img alt="Intercity operates on main lines by Trenitalia. Stops in big cities." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/E.464.340_corsa_prova_Roma_Ostiense.jpg/156px-E.464.340_corsa_prova_Roma_Ostiense.jpg" decoding="async" width="156" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/E.464.340_corsa_prova_Roma_Ostiense.jpg/234px-E.464.340_corsa_prova_Roma_Ostiense.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/E.464.340_corsa_prova_Roma_Ostiense.jpg/312px-E.464.340_corsa_prova_Roma_Ostiense.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2979" data-file-height="2295" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><b>Intercity</b> operates on main lines by <a href="/wiki/Trenitalia" title="Trenitalia">Trenitalia</a>. Stops in big cities.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ETR_610_%22Cisalpino_due%22.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Eurocity, formerly Cisalpino, operates on international main lines within the European Union by Trenitalia. Stops in big cities."><img alt="Eurocity, formerly Cisalpino, operates on international main lines within the European Union by Trenitalia. Stops in big cities." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/ETR_610_%22Cisalpino_due%22.jpg/160px-ETR_610_%22Cisalpino_due%22.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/ETR_610_%22Cisalpino_due%22.jpg/240px-ETR_610_%22Cisalpino_due%22.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/ETR_610_%22Cisalpino_due%22.jpg/320px-ETR_610_%22Cisalpino_due%22.jpg 2x" data-file-width="787" data-file-height="556" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><b>Eurocity</b>, formerly <b>Cisalpino</b>, operates on international main lines within the European Union by <a href="/wiki/Trenitalia" title="Trenitalia">Trenitalia</a>. Stops in big cities.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FS_Vivalto_20_at_Venezia_Santa_Lucia_train_station.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="RegionaleVeloce operates on regional lines in a region or in adjacent regions by Trenitalia. Stops in the main stations of the local service."><img alt="RegionaleVeloce operates on regional lines in a region or in adjacent regions by Trenitalia. Stops in the main stations of the local service." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/FS_Vivalto_20_at_Venezia_Santa_Lucia_train_station.jpg/160px-FS_Vivalto_20_at_Venezia_Santa_Lucia_train_station.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/FS_Vivalto_20_at_Venezia_Santa_Lucia_train_station.jpg/240px-FS_Vivalto_20_at_Venezia_Santa_Lucia_train_station.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/FS_Vivalto_20_at_Venezia_Santa_Lucia_train_station.jpg/320px-FS_Vivalto_20_at_Venezia_Santa_Lucia_train_station.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><b>RegionaleVeloce</b> operates on regional lines in a region or in adjacent regions by <a href="/wiki/Trenitalia" title="Trenitalia">Trenitalia</a>. Stops in the main stations of the local service.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Roma_-_stazione_Termini_-_ETR.425.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Regionale operates on regional lines by Trenitalia. Stops in every station of the local service."><img alt="Regionale operates on regional lines by Trenitalia. Stops in every station of the local service." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Roma_-_stazione_Termini_-_ETR.425.jpg/160px-Roma_-_stazione_Termini_-_ETR.425.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Roma_-_stazione_Termini_-_ETR.425.jpg/240px-Roma_-_stazione_Termini_-_ETR.425.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Roma_-_stazione_Termini_-_ETR.425.jpg/320px-Roma_-_stazione_Termini_-_ETR.425.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5988" data-file-height="3364" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><b>Regionale</b> operates on regional lines by <a href="/wiki/Trenitalia" title="Trenitalia">Trenitalia</a>. Stops in every station of the local service.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Trenord_R3_009_2011.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Regio-Express operates on regional lines by Trenord. Stops in some station of the local service."><img alt="Regio-Express operates on regional lines by Trenord. Stops in some station of the local service." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Trenord_R3_009_2011.jpg/160px-Trenord_R3_009_2011.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Trenord_R3_009_2011.jpg/240px-Trenord_R3_009_2011.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Trenord_R3_009_2011.jpg/320px-Trenord_R3_009_2011.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><b>Regio-Express</b> operates on regional lines by <a href="/wiki/Trenord" title="Trenord">Trenord</a>. Stops in some station of the local service.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Logo_on_Stadler_BTR.813.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="RegionaleVeloce as operates in the Aosta Valley by Trenitalia"><img alt="RegionaleVeloce as operates in the Aosta Valley by Trenitalia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Logo_on_Stadler_BTR.813.jpg/160px-Logo_on_Stadler_BTR.813.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Logo_on_Stadler_BTR.813.jpg/240px-Logo_on_Stadler_BTR.813.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Logo_on_Stadler_BTR.813.jpg/320px-Logo_on_Stadler_BTR.813.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><b>RegionaleVeloce</b> as operates in the <a href="/wiki/Aosta_Valley" title="Aosta Valley">Aosta Valley</a> by Trenitalia</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ETR_521_Rock_con_leone_S._Marco_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="RegionaleVeloce as operates in Veneto by Trenitalia"><img alt="RegionaleVeloce as operates in Veneto by Trenitalia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/ETR_521_Rock_con_leone_S._Marco_2.jpg/160px-ETR_521_Rock_con_leone_S._Marco_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/ETR_521_Rock_con_leone_S._Marco_2.jpg/240px-ETR_521_Rock_con_leone_S._Marco_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/ETR_521_Rock_con_leone_S._Marco_2.jpg/320px-ETR_521_Rock_con_leone_S._Marco_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><b>RegionaleVeloce</b> as operates in <a href="/wiki/Veneto" title="Veneto">Veneto</a> by Trenitalia</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bruneck_ETR155-003_20100717Y673a.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Regionale as operates in Trentino-Alto Adige by SAD"><img alt="Regionale as operates in Trentino-Alto Adige by SAD" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Bruneck_ETR155-003_20100717Y673a.jpg/160px-Bruneck_ETR155-003_20100717Y673a.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Bruneck_ETR155-003_20100717Y673a.jpg/240px-Bruneck_ETR155-003_20100717Y673a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Bruneck_ETR155-003_20100717Y673a.jpg/320px-Bruneck_ETR155-003_20100717Y673a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3016" data-file-height="2075" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><b>Regionale</b> as operates in <a href="/wiki/Trentino-Alto_Adige" class="mw-redirect" title="Trentino-Alto Adige">Trentino-Alto Adige</a> by SAD </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FLIRT_a_Venezia_Mestre.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Regionale as operates in some lines of Veneto by Sistemi Territoriali (ST)"><img alt="Regionale as operates in some lines of Veneto by Sistemi Territoriali (ST)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/FLIRT_a_Venezia_Mestre.jpg/107px-FLIRT_a_Venezia_Mestre.jpg" decoding="async" width="107" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/FLIRT_a_Venezia_Mestre.jpg/160px-FLIRT_a_Venezia_Mestre.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/FLIRT_a_Venezia_Mestre.jpg/213px-FLIRT_a_Venezia_Mestre.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1138" data-file-height="1280" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><b>Regionale</b> as operates in some lines of <a href="/wiki/Veneto" title="Veneto">Veneto</a> by Sistemi Territoriali (ST)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FUC_ATR_110_002_Cividale_stazione_20120414.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Regionale as operates in Friuli-Venezia Giulia by Società Ferrovie Udine-Cividale (FUC)"><img alt="Regionale as operates in Friuli-Venezia Giulia by Società Ferrovie Udine-Cividale (FUC)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/FUC_ATR_110_002_Cividale_stazione_20120414.JPG/160px-FUC_ATR_110_002_Cividale_stazione_20120414.JPG" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/FUC_ATR_110_002_Cividale_stazione_20120414.JPG/240px-FUC_ATR_110_002_Cividale_stazione_20120414.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/FUC_ATR_110_002_Cividale_stazione_20120414.JPG/320px-FUC_ATR_110_002_Cividale_stazione_20120414.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><b>Regionale</b> as operates in <a href="/wiki/Friuli-Venezia_Giulia" title="Friuli-Venezia Giulia">Friuli-Venezia Giulia</a> by Società Ferrovie Udine-Cividale (FUC)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pesa_-_ATR220.019_a_Nard%C3%B2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Regionale as operates in Apulia by Ferrovie del Sud Est (FSE)"><img alt="Regionale as operates in Apulia by Ferrovie del Sud Est (FSE)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Pesa_-_ATR220.019_a_Nard%C3%B2.jpg/160px-Pesa_-_ATR220.019_a_Nard%C3%B2.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="116" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Pesa_-_ATR220.019_a_Nard%C3%B2.jpg/240px-Pesa_-_ATR220.019_a_Nard%C3%B2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Pesa_-_ATR220.019_a_Nard%C3%B2.jpg/320px-Pesa_-_ATR220.019_a_Nard%C3%B2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1918" data-file-height="1394" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><b>Regionale</b> as operates in <a href="/wiki/Apulia" title="Apulia">Apulia</a> by Ferrovie del Sud Est (FSE) </div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Main_stations">Main stations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rail_transport_in_Italy&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Main stations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sezione_storica_della_stazione_centrale_di_Bari.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bari Centrale, Bari"><img alt="Bari Centrale, Bari" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Sezione_storica_della_stazione_centrale_di_Bari.jpg/160px-Sezione_storica_della_stazione_centrale_di_Bari.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Sezione_storica_della_stazione_centrale_di_Bari.jpg/240px-Sezione_storica_della_stazione_centrale_di_Bari.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Sezione_storica_della_stazione_centrale_di_Bari.jpg/320px-Sezione_storica_della_stazione_centrale_di_Bari.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><b><a href="/wiki/Bari_Centrale_railway_station" title="Bari Centrale railway station">Bari Centrale</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Bari" title="Bari">Bari</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bologna-Stazione_Centrale-DSCF7236.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Bologna Centrale, Bologna"><img alt="Bologna Centrale, Bologna" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Bologna-Stazione_Centrale-DSCF7236.JPG/160px-Bologna-Stazione_Centrale-DSCF7236.JPG" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Bologna-Stazione_Centrale-DSCF7236.JPG/240px-Bologna-Stazione_Centrale-DSCF7236.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Bologna-Stazione_Centrale-DSCF7236.JPG/320px-Bologna-Stazione_Centrale-DSCF7236.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><b><a href="/wiki/Bologna_Centrale_railway_station" title="Bologna Centrale railway station">Bologna Centrale</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Bologna" title="Bologna">Bologna</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Stazione_di_santa_maria_novella_vista_dal_convento_di_santa_maria_novella.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Firenze Santa Maria Novella, Florence"><img alt="Firenze Santa Maria Novella, Florence" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Stazione_di_santa_maria_novella_vista_dal_convento_di_santa_maria_novella.jpg/160px-Stazione_di_santa_maria_novella_vista_dal_convento_di_santa_maria_novella.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Stazione_di_santa_maria_novella_vista_dal_convento_di_santa_maria_novella.jpg/240px-Stazione_di_santa_maria_novella_vista_dal_convento_di_santa_maria_novella.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Stazione_di_santa_maria_novella_vista_dal_convento_di_santa_maria_novella.jpg/320px-Stazione_di_santa_maria_novella_vista_dal_convento_di_santa_maria_novella.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3648" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><b><a href="/wiki/Firenze_Santa_Maria_Novella_railway_station" title="Firenze Santa Maria Novella railway station">Firenze Santa Maria Novella</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Florence" title="Florence">Florence</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Genova_Stazione_Brignole_Esterno_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Genova Brignole, Genoa"><img alt="Genova Brignole, Genoa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Genova_Stazione_Brignole_Esterno_02.jpg/160px-Genova_Stazione_Brignole_Esterno_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Genova_Stazione_Brignole_Esterno_02.jpg/240px-Genova_Stazione_Brignole_Esterno_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Genova_Stazione_Brignole_Esterno_02.jpg/320px-Genova_Stazione_Brignole_Esterno_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4359" data-file-height="2676" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><b><a href="/wiki/Genova_Brignole_railway_station" title="Genova Brignole railway station">Genova Brignole</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Genoa" title="Genoa">Genoa</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Genova_Stazione_di_Genova_Piazza_Principe_Esterno_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Genova Piazza Principe, Genoa"><img alt="Genova Piazza Principe, Genoa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Genova_Stazione_di_Genova_Piazza_Principe_Esterno_01.jpg/160px-Genova_Stazione_di_Genova_Piazza_Principe_Esterno_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Genova_Stazione_di_Genova_Piazza_Principe_Esterno_01.jpg/240px-Genova_Stazione_di_Genova_Piazza_Principe_Esterno_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Genova_Stazione_di_Genova_Piazza_Principe_Esterno_01.jpg/320px-Genova_Stazione_di_Genova_Piazza_Principe_Esterno_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4592" data-file-height="2654" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><b><a href="/wiki/Genova_Piazza_Principe_railway_station" title="Genova Piazza Principe railway station">Genova Piazza Principe</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Genoa" title="Genoa">Genoa</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Milano_-_Piazzale_Cadorna_e_Stazione_Ferrovie_Nord_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Milano Cadorna, Milan"><img alt="Milano Cadorna, Milan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Milano_-_Piazzale_Cadorna_e_Stazione_Ferrovie_Nord_-_panoramio.jpg/160px-Milano_-_Piazzale_Cadorna_e_Stazione_Ferrovie_Nord_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Milano_-_Piazzale_Cadorna_e_Stazione_Ferrovie_Nord_-_panoramio.jpg/240px-Milano_-_Piazzale_Cadorna_e_Stazione_Ferrovie_Nord_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Milano_-_Piazzale_Cadorna_e_Stazione_Ferrovie_Nord_-_panoramio.jpg/320px-Milano_-_Piazzale_Cadorna_e_Stazione_Ferrovie_Nord_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><b><a href="/wiki/Milano_Cadorna_railway_station" title="Milano Cadorna railway station">Milano Cadorna</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Milan" title="Milan">Milan</a> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Front_view_of_Milan_Stazione_Centrale_entrance_portico.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Milano Centrale, Milan"><img alt="Milano Centrale, Milan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Front_view_of_Milan_Stazione_Centrale_entrance_portico.jpg/160px-Front_view_of_Milan_Stazione_Centrale_entrance_portico.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Front_view_of_Milan_Stazione_Centrale_entrance_portico.jpg/240px-Front_view_of_Milan_Stazione_Centrale_entrance_portico.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Front_view_of_Milan_Stazione_Centrale_entrance_portico.jpg/320px-Front_view_of_Milan_Stazione_Centrale_entrance_portico.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5079" data-file-height="3283" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><b><a href="/wiki/Milan_Central_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Milan Central railway station">Milano Centrale</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Milan" title="Milan">Milan</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Stazione_di_Porta_Garibaldi,_Milano,_ingresso_viaggiatori.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Milano Porta Garibaldi, Milan"><img alt="Milano Porta Garibaldi, Milan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Stazione_di_Porta_Garibaldi%2C_Milano%2C_ingresso_viaggiatori.jpg/160px-Stazione_di_Porta_Garibaldi%2C_Milano%2C_ingresso_viaggiatori.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Stazione_di_Porta_Garibaldi%2C_Milano%2C_ingresso_viaggiatori.jpg/240px-Stazione_di_Porta_Garibaldi%2C_Milano%2C_ingresso_viaggiatori.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Stazione_di_Porta_Garibaldi%2C_Milano%2C_ingresso_viaggiatori.jpg/320px-Stazione_di_Porta_Garibaldi%2C_Milano%2C_ingresso_viaggiatori.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><b><a href="/wiki/Milano_Porta_Garibaldi_railway_station" title="Milano Porta Garibaldi railway station">Milano Porta Garibaldi</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Milan" title="Milan">Milan</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Napoli_Centrale_railway_station_in_2018.10.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Napoli Centrale, Naples"><img alt="Napoli Centrale, Naples" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Napoli_Centrale_railway_station_in_2018.10.jpg/160px-Napoli_Centrale_railway_station_in_2018.10.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Napoli_Centrale_railway_station_in_2018.10.jpg/240px-Napoli_Centrale_railway_station_in_2018.10.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Napoli_Centrale_railway_station_in_2018.10.jpg/320px-Napoli_Centrale_railway_station_in_2018.10.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><b><a href="/wiki/Napoli_Centrale_railway_station" title="Napoli Centrale railway station">Napoli Centrale</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Naples" title="Naples">Naples</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%22Pra%C3%A7a_da_Esta%C3%A7%C3%A3o%22_de_Palermo_(1036620145).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Palermo Centrale, Palermo"><img alt="Palermo Centrale, Palermo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/%22Pra%C3%A7a_da_Esta%C3%A7%C3%A3o%22_de_Palermo_%281036620145%29.jpg/160px-%22Pra%C3%A7a_da_Esta%C3%A7%C3%A3o%22_de_Palermo_%281036620145%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/%22Pra%C3%A7a_da_Esta%C3%A7%C3%A3o%22_de_Palermo_%281036620145%29.jpg/240px-%22Pra%C3%A7a_da_Esta%C3%A7%C3%A3o%22_de_Palermo_%281036620145%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/%22Pra%C3%A7a_da_Esta%C3%A7%C3%A3o%22_de_Palermo_%281036620145%29.jpg/320px-%22Pra%C3%A7a_da_Esta%C3%A7%C3%A3o%22_de_Palermo_%281036620145%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><b><a href="/wiki/Palermo_Centrale_railway_station" title="Palermo Centrale railway station">Palermo Centrale</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo">Palermo</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Roma_Ostiense_station.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Roma Ostiense, Rome"><img alt="Roma Ostiense, Rome" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Roma_Ostiense_station.jpg/160px-Roma_Ostiense_station.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Roma_Ostiense_station.jpg/240px-Roma_Ostiense_station.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Roma_Ostiense_station.jpg/320px-Roma_Ostiense_station.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2848" data-file-height="2136" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><b><a href="/wiki/Roma_Ostiense_railway_station" title="Roma Ostiense railway station">Roma Ostiense</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Roma_termini_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Roma Termini, Rome"><img alt="Roma Termini, Rome" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Roma_termini_01.jpg/160px-Roma_termini_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Roma_termini_01.jpg/240px-Roma_termini_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Roma_termini_01.jpg/320px-Roma_termini_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="810" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><b><a href="/wiki/Roma_Termini_railway_station" title="Roma Termini railway station">Roma Termini</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2013-06-15_Roma_Stazione_FS_Tiburtina.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Roma Tiburtina, Rome"><img alt="Roma Tiburtina, Rome" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/2013-06-15_Roma_Stazione_FS_Tiburtina.jpg/160px-2013-06-15_Roma_Stazione_FS_Tiburtina.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/2013-06-15_Roma_Stazione_FS_Tiburtina.jpg/240px-2013-06-15_Roma_Stazione_FS_Tiburtina.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/2013-06-15_Roma_Stazione_FS_Tiburtina.jpg/320px-2013-06-15_Roma_Stazione_FS_Tiburtina.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2790" data-file-height="1860" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><b><a href="/wiki/Roma_Tiburtina_railway_station" title="Roma Tiburtina railway station">Roma Tiburtina</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Trieste_Centrale_(IMG_20211010_115938).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Trieste Centrale, Trieste"><img alt="Trieste Centrale, Trieste" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Trieste_Centrale_%28IMG_20211010_115938%29.jpg/160px-Trieste_Centrale_%28IMG_20211010_115938%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Trieste_Centrale_%28IMG_20211010_115938%29.jpg/240px-Trieste_Centrale_%28IMG_20211010_115938%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Trieste_Centrale_%28IMG_20211010_115938%29.jpg/320px-Trieste_Centrale_%28IMG_20211010_115938%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3005" data-file-height="1857" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><b><a href="/wiki/Trieste_Centrale_railway_station" title="Trieste Centrale railway station">Trieste Centrale</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Trieste" title="Trieste">Trieste</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Porta_Nuova_Station_Turin.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Torino Porta Nuova, Turin"><img alt="Torino Porta Nuova, Turin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/11/Porta_Nuova_Station_Turin.jpg/160px-Porta_Nuova_Station_Turin.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/11/Porta_Nuova_Station_Turin.jpg/240px-Porta_Nuova_Station_Turin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/11/Porta_Nuova_Station_Turin.jpg/320px-Porta_Nuova_Station_Turin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3807" data-file-height="2853" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><b><a href="/wiki/Torino_Porta_Nuova_railway_station" title="Torino Porta Nuova railway station">Torino Porta Nuova</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Turin" title="Turin">Turin</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Arriere-gare-torino-porta-susa.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Torino Porta Susa, Turin"><img alt="Torino Porta Susa, Turin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Arriere-gare-torino-porta-susa.jpg/160px-Arriere-gare-torino-porta-susa.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Arriere-gare-torino-porta-susa.jpg/240px-Arriere-gare-torino-porta-susa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Arriere-gare-torino-porta-susa.jpg/320px-Arriere-gare-torino-porta-susa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3888" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><b><a href="/wiki/Torino_Porta_Susa_railway_station" title="Torino Porta Susa railway station">Torino Porta Susa</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Turin" title="Turin">Turin</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mestre_train_station.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Venezia Mestre, Venice"><img alt="Venezia Mestre, Venice" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Mestre_train_station.jpg/160px-Mestre_train_station.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Mestre_train_station.jpg/240px-Mestre_train_station.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Mestre_train_station.jpg/320px-Mestre_train_station.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2121" data-file-height="1197" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Venezia_Mestre_railway_station" title="Venezia Mestre railway station"><b>Venezia Mestre</b></a>, <a href="/wiki/Venice" title="Venice">Venice</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Stazione_di_Venezia_Santa_Lucia_-_panoramio_-_Mister_No_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Venezia Santa Lucia, Venice"><img alt="Venezia Santa Lucia, Venice" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Stazione_di_Venezia_Santa_Lucia_-_panoramio_-_Mister_No_%281%29.jpg/160px-Stazione_di_Venezia_Santa_Lucia_-_panoramio_-_Mister_No_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Stazione_di_Venezia_Santa_Lucia_-_panoramio_-_Mister_No_%281%29.jpg/240px-Stazione_di_Venezia_Santa_Lucia_-_panoramio_-_Mister_No_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Stazione_di_Venezia_Santa_Lucia_-_panoramio_-_Mister_No_%281%29.jpg/320px-Stazione_di_Venezia_Santa_Lucia_-_panoramio_-_Mister_No_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><b><a href="/wiki/Venezia_Santa_Lucia_railway_station" title="Venezia Santa Lucia railway station">Venezia Santa Lucia</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Venice" title="Venice">Venice</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Stazione_Verona_PN.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Verona Porta Nuova, Verona"><img alt="Verona Porta Nuova, Verona" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Stazione_Verona_PN.jpg/160px-Stazione_Verona_PN.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Stazione_Verona_PN.jpg/240px-Stazione_Verona_PN.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Stazione_Verona_PN.jpg/320px-Stazione_Verona_PN.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4128" data-file-height="3096" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><b><a href="/wiki/Verona_Porta_Nuova_railway_station" title="Verona Porta Nuova railway station">Verona Porta Nuova</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Verona" title="Verona">Verona</a> </div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rail_transport_in_Italy&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P_train.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e3/P_train.svg/31px-P_train.svg.png" decoding="async" width="31" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e3/P_train.svg/47px-P_train.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e3/P_train.svg/62px-P_train.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Trains" title="Portal:Trains">Trains portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/32px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/48px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/64px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Italy" title="Portal:Italy">Italy portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ferrovie_dello_Stato_Italiane" title="Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane">Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_rail_transport_in_Italy" title="History of rail transport in Italy">History of rail transport in Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Railway_stations_in_Italy" title="Railway stations in Italy">Railway stations in Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Italy" title="Transport in Italy">Transport in Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trenitalia" title="Trenitalia">Trenitalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treno_Alta_Velocit%C3%A0" title="Treno Alta Velocità">Treno Alta Velocità</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Europe" title="Rail transport in Europe">Rail transport in Europe</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rail_transport_in_Italy&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-europaeu-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-europaeu_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/pdfscache/7066.pdf">"Railway passenger transport statistics"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Europa EU. 8 December 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Railway+passenger+transport+statistics&rft.pub=Europa+EU&rft.date=2019-12-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fec.europa.eu%2Feurostat%2Fstatistics-explained%2Fpdfscache%2F7066.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARail+transport+in+Italy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rete_rfi-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rete_rfi_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rete_rfi_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rete_rfi_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rete_rfi_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rete_rfi_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rete_rfi_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rete_rfi_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rete_rfi_2-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rfi.it/it/rete/la-rete-oggi.html">"La rete oggi"</a> [Rail network] (in Italian). RFI Rete Ferroviaria Italiana. 31 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=La+rete+oggi&rft.pub=RFI+Rete+Ferroviaria+Italiana&rft.date=2023-12-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rfi.it%2Fit%2Frete%2Fla-rete-oggi.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARail+transport+in+Italy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Total length of tracks: double tracks are counted twice.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-network-size-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-network-size_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Compare <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_rail_transport_network_size" title="List of countries by rail transport network size">List of countries by rail transport network size</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-elet_rfi-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-elet_rfi_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rfi.it/cms/v/index.jsp?vgnextoid=781701f79697b110VgnVCM1000003f16f90aRCRD">"Il sistema di elettrificazione a 25kV c.a."</a> RFI Rete Ferroviaria Italiana<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 November</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Il+sistema+di+elettrificazione+a+25kV+c.a.&rft.pub=RFI+Rete+Ferroviaria+Italiana&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rfi.it%2Fcms%2Fv%2Findex.jsp%3Fvgnextoid%3D781701f79697b110VgnVCM1000003f16f90aRCRD&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARail+transport+in+Italy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.italiarail.com/rail-passes">"Rail Passes - ItaliaRail - Italy Train Ticket and Rail Pass Experts"</a>. <i>italiarail.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=italiarail.com&rft.atitle=Rail+Passes+-+ItaliaRail+-+Italy+Train+Ticket+and+Rail+Pass+Experts&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.italiarail.com%2Frail-passes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARail+transport+in+Italy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://op.europa.eu/webpub/eca/special-reports/high-speed-rail-19-2018/en/">"Special report: A European high-speed rail network"</a>. <i>op.europa.eu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=op.europa.eu&rft.atitle=Special+report%3A+A+European+high-speed+rail+network&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fop.europa.eu%2Fwebpub%2Feca%2Fspecial-reports%2Fhigh-speed-rail-19-2018%2Fen%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARail+transport+in+Italy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.historytoday.com/archive/la-dolce-vita-italy-rail-1839-1914">"La Dolce Vita? Italy By Rail, 1839-1914 | History Today"</a>. <i>History Today</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 December</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=History+Today&rft.atitle=La+Dolce+Vita%3F+Italy+By+Rail%2C+1839-1914+%7C+History+Today&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.historytoday.com%2Farchive%2Fla-dolce-vita-italy-rail-1839-1914&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARail+transport+in+Italy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fondazionefs.it/content/fondazionefs/it/focus-tematici/2021/3/17/le-ferrovie-nell-unita-d-italia---cronologia-storica-1839-1861.html">"Le ferrovie nell'Unità d'Italia. Cronologia storica 1839-1861"</a>. <i>Fondazione FS</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Fondazione+FS&rft.atitle=Le+ferrovie+nell%27Unit%C3%A0+d%27Italia.+Cronologia+storica+1839-1861&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fondazionefs.it%2Fcontent%2Ffondazionefs%2Fit%2Ffocus-tematici%2F2021%2F3%2F17%2Fle-ferrovie-nell-unita-d-italia---cronologia-storica-1839-1861.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARail+transport+in+Italy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.trenidicarta.it/aperture.html">"Prospetto cronologico dei tratti di ferrovia aperti all'esercizio dal 1839 al 31 dicembre 1926"</a>. Ufficio Centrale di Statistica delle Ferrovie dello Stato. 1927<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Prospetto+cronologico+dei+tratti+di+ferrovia+aperti+all%27esercizio+dal+1839+al+31+dicembre+1926&rft.pub=Ufficio+Centrale+di+Statistica+delle+Ferrovie+dello+Stato&rft.date=1927&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.trenidicarta.it%2Faperture.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARail+transport+in+Italy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGian_Guido_Turchi2006" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Gian Guido Turchi (2006). <i>Strade Ferrate Meridionali: ultimo atto</i> (in Italian). Edizioni ETR. pp. 13–14.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Strade+Ferrate+Meridionali%3A+ultimo+atto&rft.pages=13-14&rft.pub=Edizioni+ETR&rft.date=2006&rft.au=Gian+Guido+Turchi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARail+transport+in+Italy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cesare Columba, <i>Da Firenze a Bologna bucando l'Appennino</i> in, <i>VdR 1839-1939: i centocinquant'anni delle ferrovie italiane</i>, pp. 26-28</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cornolo Giovanni. <i>Una leggenda che corre: breve storia dell'elettrotreno e dei suoi primati; ETR.200 – ETR.220 – ETR 240</i>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/88-85068-23-5" title="Special:BookSources/88-85068-23-5">88-85068-23-5</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaolo_LavadasMauro_Luoni2011" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Paolo Lavadas; Mauro Luoni (2011). <i>1861-2011, 150°, L'unità d'Italia attraverso le ferrovie</i> (in Italian). 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 August</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ferrovie+dello+Stato&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rfi.it&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARail+transport+in+Italy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141218192603/http://www.fsitaliane.it/fsi-en/GROUP/Safety-and-Technology/Frecciarossa1000%3A-the-train-of-the-future/Frecciarossa-1000-in-Figures">"Frecciarossa 1000 in Figures"</a>. Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Railway+Technology&rft.atitle=Frecciarossa+1000+Very+High-Speed+Train&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.railway-technology.com%2Fprojects%2Ffrecciarossa-1000-very-high-speed-train%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARail+transport+in+Italy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/french-train-breaks-speed-record-1.650346">"French Train Breaks Speed Record"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CBC_News" title="CBC News">CBC News</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200805201116/https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/french-train-breaks-speed-record-1.650346">Archived</a> from the original on 5 August 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CBC+News&rft.atitle=French+Train+Breaks+Speed+Record&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Ffrench-train-breaks-speed-record-1.650346&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARail+transport+in+Italy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FS355record-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FS355record_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.corriere.it/cronache/09_febbraio_04/treno_record_galleria_8806fdfa-f2ce-11dd-8878-00144f02aabc.shtml">"Due record in prova per il Frecciarossa"</a> (in Italian). Repubblica. 4 February 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 February</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Due+record+in+prova+per+il+Frecciarossa&rft.pub=Repubblica&rft.date=2009-02-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.corriere.it%2Fcronache%2F09_febbraio_04%2Ftreno_record_galleria_8806fdfa-f2ce-11dd-8878-00144f02aabc.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARail+transport+in+Italy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.trenitalia.com/tcom/Le-Frecce/Collegamenti-e-servizi-Frecciarossa">"Viaggia con i treni Frecciarossa e acquista il biglietti a prezzi scontati - Le Frecce - Trenitalia"</a>. <i>trenitalia.com</i> (in Italian)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 May</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=trenitalia.com&rft.atitle=Viaggia+con+i+treni+Frecciarossa+e+acquista+il+biglietti+a+prezzi+scontati+-+Le+Frecce+-+Trenitalia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.trenitalia.com%2Ftcom%2FLe-Frecce%2FCollegamenti-e-servizi-Frecciarossa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARail+transport+in+Italy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ferrovie.info/index.php/it/13-treni-reali/17310-ferrovie-ecco-il-progetto-della-av-ac-salerno-reggio-calabria">"Ferrovie: Ecco il progetto della AV/AC Salerno-Reggio Calabria"</a> (in Italian)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ferrovie%3A+Ecco+il+progetto+della+AV%2FAC+Salerno-Reggio+Calabria&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ferrovie.info%2Findex.php%2Fit%2F13-treni-reali%2F17310-ferrovie-ecco-il-progetto-della-av-ac-salerno-reggio-calabria&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARail+transport+in+Italy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.citynow.it/alta-velocita-ferroviaria-sa-rc-come-cambiano-scenari-foto-social-ponte-stretto/">"Alta velocità ferroviaria SA-RC, come cambiano gli scenari"</a> (in Italian)<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 February</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Alta+velocit%C3%A0+Napoli-Bari.+Partiti+i+lavori.+Sei+miliardi+per+collegare+le+due+citt%C3%A0+in+2+ore+a+40+minuti&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.quotidiano.net%2Feconomia%2Falta-velocita-napoli-bari-d84a609c&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARail+transport+in+Italy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.interrail.eu/it/plan-your-trip/tips-and-tricks/trains-europe/high-speed-trains/le-frecce">"Treno ad alta velocità Le Frecce"</a> (in Italian)<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.grandistazioni.it/cms/v/index.jsp?vgnextoid=06c48bc16f09a110VgnVCM1000003f16f90aRCRD">the original</a> on 11 November 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Roma+Termini+-+Roma+Termini+-+Grandi+Stazioni&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.grandistazioni.it%2Fcms%2Fv%2Findex.jsp%3Fvgnextoid%3D06c48bc16f09a110VgnVCM1000003f16f90aRCRD&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARail+transport+in+Italy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191127231714/https://www.milanocentrale.it/it/contatti/about-us/">"Stazione di Milano Centrale - Info Stazione Milano Centrale - Tour Virtuale stazione | Milano Centrale"</a>. <i>www.milanocentrale.it</i> (in Italian). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.milanocentrale.it/it/contatti/about-us/">the original</a> on 27 November 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.milanocentrale.it&rft.atitle=Stazione+di+Milano+Centrale+-+Info+Stazione+Milano+Centrale+-+Tour+Virtuale+stazione+%7C+Milano+Centrale&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.milanocentrale.it%2Fit%2Fcontatti%2Fabout-us%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARail+transport+in+Italy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110615063536/http://www.grandistazioni.it/cms/v/index.jsp?vgnextoid=3ae94cb9ff09a110VgnVCM1000003f16f90aRCRD">"Torino Porta Nuova - Torino Porta Nuova - Grandi Stazioni"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.grandistazioni.it/cms/v/index.jsp?vgnextoid=3ae94cb9ff09a110VgnVCM1000003f16f90aRCRD">the original</a> on 15 June 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Torino+Porta+Nuova+-+Torino+Porta+Nuova+-+Grandi+Stazioni&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.grandistazioni.it%2Fcms%2Fv%2Findex.jsp%3Fvgnextoid%3D3ae94cb9ff09a110VgnVCM1000003f16f90aRCRD&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARail+transport+in+Italy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.grandistazioni.it/cms/v/index.jsp?vgnextoid=84db47db3c09a110VgnVCM1000003f16f90aRCRD">"Firenze S. Maria Novella - Firenze S. Maria Novella - Grandi Stazioni"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Firenze+S.+Maria+Novella+-+Firenze+S.+Maria+Novella+-+Grandi+Stazioni&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.grandistazioni.it%2Fcms%2Fv%2Findex.jsp%3Fvgnextoid%3D84db47db3c09a110VgnVCM1000003f16f90aRCRD&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARail+transport+in+Italy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120210084923/http://www.grandistazioni.it/cms/v/index.jsp?vgnextoid=d77f0d935b09a110VgnVCM1000003f16f90aRCRD">"Bologna Centrale - Bologna Centrale - Grandi Stazioni"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.grandistazioni.it/cms/v/index.jsp?vgnextoid=d77f0d935b09a110VgnVCM1000003f16f90aRCRD">the original</a> on 10 February 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bologna+Centrale+-+Bologna+Centrale+-+Grandi+Stazioni&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.grandistazioni.it%2Fcms%2Fv%2Findex.jsp%3Fvgnextoid%3Dd77f0d935b09a110VgnVCM1000003f16f90aRCRD&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARail+transport+in+Italy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150317063511/http://www.grandistazioni.it/cms/v/index.jsp?vgnextoid=381e2e68ea585310VgnVCM1000008916f90aRCRD">"Roma Tiburtina - Roma Tiburtina - Grandi Stazioni"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.grandistazioni.it/cms/v/index.jsp?vgnextoid=381e2e68ea585310VgnVCM1000008916f90aRCRD">the original</a> on 17 March 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Roma+Tiburtina+-+Roma+Tiburtina+-+Grandi+Stazioni&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.grandistazioni.it%2Fcms%2Fv%2Findex.jsp%3Fvgnextoid%3D381e2e68ea585310VgnVCM1000008916f90aRCRD&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARail+transport+in+Italy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170808234218/http://www.grandistazioni.it/cms/v/index.jsp?vgnextoid=96d160d1be09a110VgnVCM1000003f16f90aRCRD">"Napoli Centrale - Napoli Centrale - Grandi Stazioni"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.grandistazioni.it/cms/v/index.jsp?vgnextoid=96d160d1be09a110VgnVCM1000003f16f90aRCRD">the original</a> on 8 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 January</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Napoli+Centrale+-+Napoli+Centrale+-+Grandi+Stazioni&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.grandistazioni.it%2Fcms%2Fv%2Findex.jsp%3Fvgnextoid%3D96d160d1be09a110VgnVCM1000003f16f90aRCRD&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARail+transport+in+Italy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-b-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-b_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bilancio Sociale "LeNord" 2004-2005</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-grandistazioni.it-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-grandistazioni.it_37-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-grandistazioni.it_37-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180908164929/http://www.grandistazioni.it/cms/v/index.jsp?vgnextoid=14104cb9ff09a110VgnVCM1000003f16f90aRCRD">"Venezia Mestre - Venezia Mestre - Grandi Stazioni"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.grandistazioni.it/cms/v/index.jsp?vgnextoid=14104cb9ff09a110VgnVCM1000003f16f90aRCRD">the original</a> on 8 September 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Venezia+Mestre+-+Venezia+Mestre+-+Grandi+Stazioni&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.grandistazioni.it%2Fcms%2Fv%2Findex.jsp%3Fvgnextoid%3D14104cb9ff09a110VgnVCM1000003f16f90aRCRD&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARail+transport+in+Italy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.milanocittastato.it/trasporti/effetto-m4-la-metro-di-milano-entra-nella-top-europea/?fbclid=IwY2xjawF3U1dleHRuA2FlbQIxMQABHXSpIbaPnyiu6v7H7zI_mDyWgUrPadrCjN6GDzfUhPP2dI-Mfj4jLYBecw_aem__7hUFLg35ygwuZipXbL1Vg#goog_rewarded">"Effetto M4: la metro di Milano entra nella top europea"</a> (in Italian)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Effetto+M4%3A+la+metro+di+Milano+entra+nella+top+europea&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.milanocittastato.it%2Ftrasporti%2Feffetto-m4-la-metro-di-milano-entra-nella-top-europea%2F%3Ffbclid%3DIwY2xjawF3U1dleHRuA2FlbQIxMQABHXSpIbaPnyiu6v7H7zI_mDyWgUrPadrCjN6GDzfUhPP2dI-Mfj4jLYBecw_aem__7hUFLg35ygwuZipXbL1Vg%23goog_rewarded&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARail+transport+in+Italy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.milanotoday.it/blog/t_el-see-che-a-milan/tram-milano-san-francisco.html">"Perché a San Francisco girano (anche) i tram di Milano"</a> (in Italian)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Perch%C3%A9+a+San+Francisco+girano+%28anche%29+i+tram+di+Milano&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.milanotoday.it%2Fblog%2Ft_el-see-che-a-milan%2Ftram-milano-san-francisco.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARail+transport+in+Italy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cityrailways.net/studi-e-tecnica/2015/2/10/il-libro-giallo-del-trenino.html">"Il Libro Giallo del Trenino"</a>. <i>CityRailways</i> (in Italian)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 April</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CityRailways&rft.atitle=Il+Libro+Giallo+del+Trenino&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cityrailways.net%2Fstudi-e-tecnica%2F2015%2F2%2F10%2Fil-libro-giallo-del-trenino.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARail+transport+in+Italy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPiccirilli2013" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Piccirilli, Antonio (25 June 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pigneto.romatoday.it/trenino-laziali-tra-insicurezza-e-degrado.html">"Un 'carro bestiame' nel cuore della città: quale futuro per la Roma-Giardinetti?"</a>. <i>Roma Today</i> (in Italian)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 April</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Roma+Today&rft.atitle=Un+%27carro+bestiame%27+nel+cuore+della+citt%C3%A0%3A+quale+futuro+per+la+Roma-Giardinetti%3F&rft.date=2013-06-25&rft.aulast=Piccirilli&rft.aufirst=Antonio&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpigneto.romatoday.it%2Ftrenino-laziali-tra-insicurezza-e-degrado.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARail+transport+in+Italy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ilmessaggero.it/roma/cronaca/metro_c_atac_sindaco_apertura_pantano_centocelle-686804.html">"Metro C, apre la Pantano-Centocelle: folla di romani all'inaugurazione"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Metro+C%2C+apre+la+Pantano-Centocelle%3A+folla+di+romani+all%27inaugurazione&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ilmessaggero.it%2Froma%2Fcronaca%2Fmetro_c_atac_sindaco_apertura_pantano_centocelle-686804.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARail+transport+in+Italy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBisbiglia2015" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Bisbiglia, Vincenzo (25 January 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iltempo.it/roma-capitale/cronaca/2015/01/25/trenino-roma-giardinetti-la-corsa-e-finita-1.1371736">"Trenino Roma-Giardinetti, la corsa è finita"</a>. <i>Il Tempo</i> (in Italian)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 April</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Il+Tempo&rft.atitle=Trenino+Roma-Giardinetti%2C+la+corsa+%C3%A8+finita&rft.date=2015-01-25&rft.aulast=Bisbiglia&rft.aufirst=Vincenzo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iltempo.it%2Froma-capitale%2Fcronaca%2F2015%2F01%2F25%2Ftrenino-roma-giardinetti-la-corsa-e-finita-1.1371736&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARail+transport+in+Italy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSina2015" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Sina, Ylenia (19 March 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.romatoday.it/politica/roma-giardinetti-tor-vergata-torre-spaccata-torre-maura.html">"La Roma Giardinetti devierà sulla Togliatti: destinazione Tor Vergata"</a>. <i>Roma Today</i> (in Italian)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 April</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Roma+Today&rft.atitle=La+Roma+Giardinetti+devier%C3%A0+sulla+Togliatti%3A+destinazione+Tor+Vergata&rft.date=2015-03-19&rft.aulast=Sina&rft.aufirst=Ylenia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.romatoday.it%2Fpolitica%2Froma-giardinetti-tor-vergata-torre-spaccata-torre-maura.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARail+transport+in+Italy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Italian)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://arst.sardegna.it/orari_e_autolinee/servizimetross.html">ARST - Metrosassari</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Italian)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.atpsassari.it/informations.asp?id=227">Azienda Trasporti Pubblici Sassari - Informazioni</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160201000521/http://www.atpsassari.it/informations.asp?id=227#">Archived</a> 1 February 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Italian)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cityrailways.it/storage/pdf/Tram_treno_vol_1_v.2.pdf">Andrea Spinosa - Progetto tram-treno</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111109224453/http://www.cityrailways.it/storage/pdf/Tram_treno_vol_1_v.2.pdf#">Archived</a> 9 November 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Italian)</span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.psbenevento.it/Materiali/bestpum/sassari.pdf">Comune di Benevento - SCHEDA n° 2 Sassari, Italia, Tram Treno</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Italian)</span> Elena Molinaro, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.asstra.it/asstrasql/bannerhp/attibologna/8-2.pdf"><i>Linee guida tram treno</i></a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged January 2018">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup>, Ministero delle Infrastrutture e dei Trasporti, atti del 5º convegno nazionale Sistema Tram, Roma, 1 gennaio – 1 febbraio 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110809093408/http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/single-view/view/metros-january-2007.html">"Metros January 2007"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Railway_Gazette_International" title="Railway Gazette International">Railway Gazette International</a></i>. 1 January 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/single-view/view//metros-january-2007.html">the original</a> on 9 August 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 July</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Railway+Gazette+International&rft.atitle=Metros+January+2007&rft.date=2007-01-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.railwaygazette.com%2Fnews%2Fsingle-view%2Fview%2F%2Fmetros-january-2007.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARail+transport+in+Italy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Italian)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lestradeferrate.it/34mono/34smariapisa.htm">Lestradeferrate.it - Stazione di Santa Maria di Pisa</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Italian)</span> <i>Tram oltre Sassari</i>. In: ″I Treni″ Nr. 320 (November 2009), p. 8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-vat1-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-vat1_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/news_services/press/documentazione/documents/sp_ss_scv/ferrovia/ferrovia_it.html#Origini%20della%20Ferrovia%20dello%20Stato%20della%20Citt%E0%20del%20Vaticano">"La Ferrovia dello Stato della Città del Vaticano"</a> (in Italian). Sala stampa della Santa Sede<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 January</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=La+Ferrovia+dello+Stato+della+Citt%C3%A0+del+Vaticano&rft.pub=Sala+stampa+della+Santa+Sede&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vatican.va%2Fnews_services%2Fpress%2Fdocumentazione%2Fdocuments%2Fsp_ss_scv%2Fferrovia%2Fferrovia_it.html%23Origini%2520della%2520Ferrovia%2520dello%2520Stato%2520della%2520Citt%25E0%2520del%2520Vaticano&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARail+transport+in+Italy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200224052215/http://www.ferroviedismesse.com/rimini_sanmarino.htm">"la "Ferrovia Rimini - San Marino"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a> (in Italian). ferroviedismesse.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ferroviedismesse.com/rimini_sanmarino.htm">the original</a> on 24 February 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 January</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=la+%22Ferrovia+Rimini+-+San+Marino%22&rft.pub=ferroviedismesse.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ferroviedismesse.com%2Frimini_sanmarino.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARail+transport+in+Italy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gazzettaufficiale.it-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gazzettaufficiale.it_55-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gazzettaufficiale.it_55-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gazzettaufficiale.it_55-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gazzettaufficiale.it_55-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGazzetta_Ufficiale_della_Repubblica_Italiana" class="citation web cs1">Gazzetta Ufficiale della Repubblica Italiana. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gazzettaufficiale.it/eli/id/2017/08/23/17G00141/sg">"Legge 9 agosto 2017, n. 128"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Legge+9+agosto+2017%2C+n.+128&rft.au=Gazzetta+Ufficiale+della+Repubblica+Italiana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gazzettaufficiale.it%2Feli%2Fid%2F2017%2F08%2F23%2F17G00141%2Fsg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARail+transport+in+Italy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mit.gov.it-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mit.gov.it_56-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mit.gov.it_56-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mit.gov.it/nfsmitgov/files/media/notizia/2022-03/Elenco%20ferrovie%20turistiche.pdf">"Tratte ferroviarie ad uso turistico"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in Italian)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 February</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tratte+ferroviarie+ad+uso+turistico&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mit.gov.it%2Fnfsmitgov%2Ffiles%2Fmedia%2Fnotizia%2F2022-03%2FElenco%2520ferrovie%2520turistiche.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARail+transport+in+Italy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RFI-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-RFI_57-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RFI_57-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RFI_57-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RFI_57-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RFI_57-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RFI_57-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RFI_57-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RFI_57-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RFI_57-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RFI_57-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RFI_57-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RFI_57-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RFI_57-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RFI_57-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RFI_57-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RFI_57-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RFI_57-16"><sup><i><b>q</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RFI_57-17"><sup><i><b>r</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">A ordinary gauge, owned by <a href="/wiki/Rete_Ferroviaria_Italiana" title="Rete Ferroviaria Italiana">RFI</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A <a href="/wiki/Narrow_gauge" class="mw-redirect" title="Narrow gauge">narrow gauge</a>, regional railway owned by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Calabria_railways&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Calabria railways (page does not exist)">Calabria railways</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferrovie_della_Calabria" class="extiw" title="it:Ferrovie della Calabria">it</a>]</span>; the service is called <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trenino_della_Sila&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trenino della Sila (page does not exist)">Trenino della Sila</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trenino_della_Sila" class="extiw" title="it:Trenino della Sila">it</a>]</span></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Subsequently extended to Isernia.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ARST-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ARST_60-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ARST_60-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ARST_60-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ARST_60-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">A <a href="/wiki/Narrow_gauge" class="mw-redirect" title="Narrow gauge">narrow gauge</a>, regional railway owned by <a href="/wiki/ARST" title="ARST">ARST</a>; the service is called <i><a href="/wiki/Trenino_Verde" title="Trenino Verde">Trenino Verde</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FS_reduced_Sicily-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FS_reduced_Sicily_61-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FS_reduced_Sicily_61-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Line part of the disused narrow gauge FS network of Sicily.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A ordinary gauge, regional railway owned by <a href="/wiki/Ferrovienord" title="Ferrovienord">Ferrovienord</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fsitaliane.it-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-fsitaliane.it_63-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fsitaliane.it_63-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fsitaliane.it_63-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fsitaliane.it_63-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fsitaliane.it/content/fsitaliane/it/media/comunicati-stampa/2023/7/24/nuova-societa-fs-treni-turistici-italiani.html">"Gruppo FS, nasce la nuova società "FS Treni Turistici Italiani"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a> (in Italian)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 February</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gruppo+FS%2C+nasce+la+nuova+societ%C3%A0+%22FS+Treni+Turistici+Italiani%22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fsitaliane.it%2Fcontent%2Ffsitaliane%2Fit%2Fmedia%2Fcomunicati-stampa%2F2023%2F7%2F24%2Fnuova-societa-fs-treni-turistici-italiani.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARail+transport+in+Italy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151117023204/http://www.oxera.com/Oxera/media/Oxera/downloads/Agenda/The-age-of-the-train.pdf?ext=.pdf">"The age of the train"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxera.com/Oxera/media/Oxera/downloads/Agenda/The-age-of-the-train.pdf?ext=.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 17 November 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 November</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+age+of+the+train&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxera.com%2FOxera%2Fmedia%2FOxera%2Fdownloads%2FAgenda%2FThe-age-of-the-train.pdf%3Fext%3D.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARail+transport+in+Italy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rail_transport_in_Italy&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParks2013" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Tim_Parks" title="Tim Parks">Parks, Tim</a> (2013). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/italianwaysonoff0000park"><i>Italian Ways: On and Off the Rails from Milan to Palermo</i></a></span>. London: Harvill Secker. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781846557743" title="Special:BookSources/9781846557743"><bdi>9781846557743</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Italian+Ways%3A+On+and+Off+the+Rails+from+Milan+to+Palermo&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Harvill+Secker&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9781846557743&rft.aulast=Parks&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fitalianwaysonoff0000park&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARail+transport+in+Italy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><i>Fascicolo Linea 82 bis – AV/AC Torino – Milano – Napoli Tratto di linea Milano Rogoredo – Firenze Castello e relative interconnessioni con linea Milano – Bologna – Firenze (Tradizionale)</i> (in Italian). <a href="/wiki/Rete_Ferroviaria_Italiana" title="Rete Ferroviaria Italiana">Rete Ferroviaria Italiana</a>. pp. 90–119 and 150–179.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fascicolo+Linea+82+bis+%E2%80%93+AV%2FAC+Torino+%E2%80%93+Milano+%E2%80%93+Napoli+Tratto+di+linea+Milano+Rogoredo+%E2%80%93+Firenze+Castello+e+relative+interconnessioni+con+linea+Milano+%E2%80%93+Bologna+%E2%80%93+Firenze+%28Tradizionale%29&rft.pages=90-119+and+150-179&rft.pub=Rete+Ferroviaria+Italiana&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARail+transport+in+Italy" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rail_transport_in_Italy&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Rail_transport_in_Italy" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Rail transport in Italy">Rail transport in Italy</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage has a travel guide for <i><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Rail_travel_in_Italy#Q970642" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Rail travel in Italy">Rail travel in Italy</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080912094757/http://www.rfi.it/default.asp">RFI (Infrastructure manager)</a> Official website (Italian only)</li> <li><a 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title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Rail_transport_in_Europe" title="Template talk:Rail transport in Europe"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Rail_transport_in_Europe" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Rail transport in Europe"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Rail_transport_in_Europe" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Europe" title="Rail transport in Europe">Rail transport in Europe </a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Albania" title="Rail transport in Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Andorra" class="mw-redirect" title="Rail transport in Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Armenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Rail transport in Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Austria" title="Rail transport in Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Azerbaijan" title="Rail transport in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Belarus" title="Rail transport in Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Belgium" title="Rail transport in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Rail transport in Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Bulgaria" title="Rail transport in Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="Rail transport in Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="Rail transport in Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_the_Czech_Republic" title="Rail transport in the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Denmark" title="Rail transport in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Estonia" title="Rail transport in Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Finland" title="Rail transport in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_France" title="Rail transport in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Georgia_(country)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rail transport in Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Germany" title="Rail transport in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Greece" title="Rail transport in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Hungary" title="Rail transport in Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Iceland" title="Rail transport in Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="Rail transport in the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Kazakhstan" class="mw-redirect" title="Rail transport in Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Latvia" title="Rail transport in Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Liechtenstein" title="Rail transport in Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Lithuania" title="Rail transport in Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Luxembourg" class="mw-redirect" title="Rail transport in Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Malta" class="mw-redirect" title="Rail transport in Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Moldova" class="mw-redirect" title="Rail transport in Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Monaco" title="Rail transport in Monaco">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Montenegro" title="Rail transport in Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_the_Netherlands" title="Rail transport in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_North_Macedonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Rail transport in North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Norway" title="Rail transport in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Poland" title="Rail transport in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Portugal" title="Rail transport in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Romania" title="Rail transport in Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Russia" title="Rail transport in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_San_Marino" class="mw-redirect" title="Rail transport in San Marino">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Serbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Rail transport in Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Slovakia" title="Rail transport in Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Slovenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Rail transport in Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Spain" title="Rail transport in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Sweden" title="Rail transport in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Switzerland" title="Rail transport in Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Turkey" title="Rail transport in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Ukraine" title="Rail transport in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Rail transport in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Vatican_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Rail transport in Vatican City">Vatican City</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">States with limited<br />recognition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Abkhazia" class="mw-redirect" title="Rail transport in Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Kosovo" title="Rail transport in Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Northern_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="Rail transport in Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rail_transport_in_South_Ossetia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rail transport in South Ossetia (page does not exist)">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Transnistria" class="mw-redirect" title="Rail transport in Transnistria">Transnistria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dependencies and<br />other entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_%C3%85land" class="mw-redirect" title="Rail transport in Åland">Åland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_the_Faroe_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Rail transport in the Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Gibraltar" class="mw-redirect" title="Rail transport in Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Guernsey" title="Rail transport in Guernsey">Guernsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_the_Isle_of_Man" title="Rail transport in the Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Jersey" class="mw-redirect" title="Rail transport in Jersey">Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rail_transport_in_Svalbard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rail transport in Svalbard (page does not exist)">Svalbard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_the_European_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Rail transport in the European Union">European Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Italy_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Italy_topics" title="Template:Italy topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Italy_topics" title="Template talk:Italy topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Italy_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Italy topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Italy_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Italy" title="Outline of Italy">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Italy" title="History of Italy">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.2em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Overview</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Italian_history" title="Timeline of Italian history">Timeline of Italian history</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.2em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">By topic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Italian_citizenship" title="History of Italian citizenship">Citizenship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_coins_in_Italy" title="History of coins in Italy">Currency and coinage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_Italy" title="Economic history of Italy">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Italian_fashion" title="History of Italian fashion">Fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Italian_flags" title="List of Italian flags">Flags</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genetic_history_of_Italy" title="Genetic history of Italy">Genetic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_historic_states_of_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="List of historic states of Italy">Historic states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Italy" title="History of the Jews in Italy">Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_history_in_Italy" title="LGBT history in Italy">LGBT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Italy" title="Military history of Italy">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_history_of_Italy" title="Music history of Italy">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Name_of_Italy" title="Name of Italy">Name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Italy" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Italy">Postage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_rail_transport_in_Italy" title="History of rail transport in Italy">Railways</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.2em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Prehistory</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Italy" title="Prehistoric Italy">Prehistory</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neolithic_Italy" title="Neolithic Italy">Neolithic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villanovan_culture" title="Villanovan culture">Villanovan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terramare_culture" title="Terramare culture">Terramare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rinaldone_culture" title="Rinaldone culture">Rinaldone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apennine_culture" title="Apennine culture">Apennine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuragic_civilization" title="Nuragic civilization">Nuragic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golasecca_culture" title="Golasecca culture">Golasecca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canegrate_culture" title="Canegrate culture">Canegrate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latial_culture" title="Latial culture">Latial</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.2em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Ancient</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_peoples_of_Italy" title="List of ancient peoples of Italy">Ancient peoples</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italic_peoples" title="Italic peoples">Italic peoples</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latins_(Italic_tribe)" title="Latins (Italic tribe)">Latins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osci" title="Osci">Osci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picentes" title="Picentes">Picentes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samnites" title="Samnites">Samnites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umbri" title="Umbri">Umbri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adriatic_Veneti" title="Adriatic Veneti">Veneti</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etruscan_civilization" title="Etruscan civilization">Etruscans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cisalpine_Gaul" title="Cisalpine Gaul">Celts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magna_Graecia" title="Magna Graecia">Magna Graecia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ligures" title="Ligures">Ligures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messapians" title="Messapians">Messapians</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Ancient Rome</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Kingdom" title="Roman Kingdom">Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Republic" title="Roman Republic">Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_expansion_in_Italy" title="Roman expansion in Italy">Roman conquest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Italy" title="Roman Italy">Roman Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Empire</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_Roman_Empire" title="Western Roman Empire">Western Empire</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.2em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Middle Ages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italy_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="Italy in the Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a> <ul><li>Italy under <a href="/wiki/Odoacer#King_of_Italy" title="Odoacer">Odoacer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostrogothic_Kingdom" title="Ostrogothic Kingdom">Ostrogoths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Italy" title="Byzantine Italy">Byzantium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Lombards" title="Kingdom of the Lombards">Lombards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_States" title="Papal States">Papal States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy_(Holy_Roman_Empire)" title="Kingdom of Italy (Holy Roman Empire)">the Holy Roman Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sardinian_medieval_kingdoms" title="Sardinian medieval kingdoms">the Sardinian Judicates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Islam_in_southern_Italy" title="History of Islam in southern Italy">Arabs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_conquest_of_southern_Italy" title="Norman conquest of southern Italy">Normans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guelphs_and_Ghibellines" title="Guelphs and Ghibellines">Guelphs and Ghibellines</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lombard_League" title="Lombard League">Lombard League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sicily" title="Kingdom of Sicily">Kingdom of Sicily</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Sicilian_Vespers" title="War of the Sicilian Vespers">War of the Sicilian Vespers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Naples" title="Kingdom of Naples">Kingdom of Naples</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.2em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Early modern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_city-states" title="Italian city-states">Italian city-states</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Florence" title="Republic of Florence">Florence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Siena" title="Republic of Siena">Siena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Milan" title="Duchy of Milan">Milan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maritime_republics" title="Maritime republics">Maritime republics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Venice" title="Republic of Venice">Venice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Genoa" title="Republic of Genoa">Genoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Pisa" title="Republic of Pisa">Pisa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Amalfi" title="Duchy of Amalfi">Amalfi</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sardinia_(1720%E2%80%931861)" title="Kingdom of Sardinia (1720–1861)">Kingdom of Sardinia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Tuscany" title="Grand Duchy of Tuscany">Grand Duchy of Tuscany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Savoy" title="Duchy of Savoy">Duchy of Savoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Renaissance" title="Italian Renaissance">Renaissance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Wars" title="Italian Wars">Italian Wars</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_early_modern_Italy" title="History of early modern Italy">Early Modern period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy_(Napoleonic)" title="Kingdom of Italy (Napoleonic)">Napoleonic Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Lombardy%E2%80%93Venetia" title="Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia">Austrian occupation and Kingdom of Lombardy-Venetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Two_Sicilies" title="Kingdom of the Two Sicilies">Kingdom of the Two Sicilies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.2em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Late modern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unification_of_Italy" title="Unification of Italy">Unification</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Italian_War_of_Independence" title="First Italian War of Independence">First War of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Italian_War_of_Independence" title="Second Italian War of Independence">Second War of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ni%C3%A7ard_exodus" title="Niçard exodus">Niçard exodus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expedition_of_the_Thousand" title="Expedition of the Thousand">Expedition of the Thousand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proclamation_of_the_Kingdom_of_Italy" title="Proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy">Proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Italian_War_of_Independence" title="Third Italian War of Independence">Third War of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Rome" title="Capture of Rome">Capture of Rome</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Kingdom_of_Italy_(1861%E2%80%931946)" title="History of the Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946)">Monarchy and the World Wars</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy" title="Kingdom of Italy">Kingdom of Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Empire" title="Italian Empire">Colonial Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Italy_during_World_War_I" title="Military history of Italy during World War I">World War I</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_entry_into_World_War_I" title="Italian entry into World War I">Fourth War of Independence</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascist_Italy" title="Fascist Italy">Fascist Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Italy_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of Italy during World War II">World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_the_Fascist_regime_in_Italy" title="Fall of the Fascist regime in Italy">Fall of the Fascist regime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_resistance_movement" title="Italian resistance movement">Resistance</a> and <a href="/wiki/Italian_Social_Republic" title="Italian Social Republic">Social Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Civil_War" title="Italian Civil War">Civil War</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.2em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Contemporary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Italian_Republic" title="History of the Italian Republic">Republic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1946_Italian_institutional_referendum" title="1946 Italian institutional referendum">Institutional referendum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istrian%E2%80%93Dalmatian_exodus" title="Istrian–Dalmatian exodus">Istrian–Dalmatian exodus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_economic_miracle" title="Italian economic miracle">Economic Boom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Years_of_Lead_(Italy)" title="Years of Lead (Italy)">Years of Lead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxi_Trial" title="Maxi Trial">Maxi Trial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mani_pulite" title="Mani pulite">Mani pulite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Italy" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Italy">Coronavirus pandemic</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Italy" title="Geography of Italy">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italy_(geographical_region)" title="Italy (geographical region)">Italian geographical region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Peninsula" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Peninsula">Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Italy" title="Climate of Italy">Climate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Italy" title="Climate change in Italy">Climate change</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_Italy" title="Geology of Italy">Geology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Italy" title="Fauna of Italy">Fauna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_Italy" title="Flora of Italy">Flora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountains_in_Italy" title="List of mountains in Italy">Mountains</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpine_foothills" title="Alpine foothills">Prealps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alps" title="Alps">Alps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apennine_Mountains" title="Apennine Mountains">Apennines</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volcanism_of_Italy" title="Volcanism of Italy">Volcanism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_volcanoes_in_Italy" title="List of volcanoes in Italy">Volcanoes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_beaches_in_Italy" title="List of beaches in Italy">Beaches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_canals_in_Italy" title="List of canals in Italy">Canals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_caves_in_Italy" title="List of caves in Italy">Caves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_Italy" title="List of earthquakes in Italy">Earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Italy" title="List of islands of Italy">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_Italy" title="List of lakes of Italy">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Marine_Protected_Areas_of_Italy" title="List of Marine Protected Areas of Italy">Marine protected areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_parks_of_Italy" title="List of national parks of Italy">National parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_regional_parks_of_Italy" title="List of regional parks of Italy">Regional parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Italy" title="List of rivers of Italy">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_valleys_of_Italy" title="List of valleys of Italy">Valleys</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Italy" title="Politics of Italy">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Italy" title="Constitution of Italy">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Italy" title="Elections in Italy">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Italy" title="Foreign relations of Italy">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Italy" title="Government of Italy">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Italy" title="Human rights in Italy">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Italy">LGBT rights</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Italy" title="Judiciary of Italy">Judiciary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Italy" title="Law of Italy">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Italy" title="Law enforcement in Italy">Law enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Armed_Forces" title="Italian Armed Forces">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_nationality_law" title="Italian nationality law">Nationality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Parliament" title="Italian Parliament">Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Italy" title="List of political parties in Italy">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Italy" title="President of Italy">President</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_Italy" title="List of presidents of Italy">List</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Italy" title="Prime Minister of Italy">Prime Minister</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Italy" title="List of prime ministers of Italy">List</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ministers_(Italy)" title="Council of Ministers (Italy)">Council of Ministers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Italy" title="Regions of Italy">Regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Italy" title="Provinces of Italy">Provinces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_cities_of_Italy" title="Metropolitan cities of Italy">Metropolitan cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Italy" title="List of cities in Italy">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comune" title="Comune">Comune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_of_Italy" title="List of municipalities of Italy">Municipalities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_intelligence_agencies" title="Italian intelligence agencies">Security and intelligence</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Italy" title="Economy of Italy">Economy</a></th><td 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